The Piano is a 1993 drama film about a mute pianist and her daughter, set during the mid-19th century in a rainy, muddy frontier backwater on the west coast of New Zealand. The film was written and directed by Jane Campion, and stars Holly Hunter, Harvey Keitel, Sam Neill, and Anna Paquin. It features a score for the piano by Michael Nyman which became a bestselling soundtrack album. Hunter played her own piano pieces for the film, and also served as sign language teacher for Paquin, earning three screen credits. The film was an international co-production by Australian producer Jan Chapman with the French company Ciby 2000.

The Piano was a commercial and critical success, grossing more than $40 million, against its $7 million budget. Holly Hunter and Anna Paquin received high praise for their roles as Ada McGrath and Flora McGrath. At the 66th Academy Awards, The Piano won three awards: Best Actress for Hunter, Best Supporting Actress for Paquin, and Best Original Screenplay. Paquin, who at the time was 11 years old, is the second youngest Oscar winner ever, after Tatum O'Neal, who also won the Supporting Actress award in 1974 for Paper Moon, at 10.

Plot[link]

The Piano tells the story of a mute Scotswoman, Ada McGrath (Holly Hunter), whose father sells her into marriage to a New Zealand frontiersman, Alistair Stewart (Sam Neill). She is shipped off along with her young daughter Flora McGrath (Anna Paquin). The voice that the audience hears is not her speaking voice, but her mind's voice. Ada has not spoken a word since she was six years old, expressing herself instead through her piano playing and through sign language for which her daughter has served as the interpreter. Ada cares little for the mundane world, occupying herself for hours every day with the piano. It is never made explicitly clear why she ceased to speak. Flora, it is later learned, is the product of a relationship with a teacher whom Ada believed she could control with her mind, making him love her, but who "became frightened and stopped listening," and thus left her.

Ada, Flora, and their belongings, including the piano, are deposited on a New Zealand beach by the ship's crew against her angry objections. As there is no one there to meet them, they spend the night alone, sheltering under a tiny tent made of a hoop skirt frame. The following day, Alistair arrives with a Māori crew and his friend Baines (Harvey Keitel), a fellow forester and a retired sailor, who has adopted many of the Māori customs, including tattooing his face and socializing with the Māori instead of his own race (save Alistair). There are insufficient men to carry everything and Alistair abandons the piano, again eliciting objections from Ada.

Alistair proves to be a shy and diffident man, who is jokingly called "old dry balls" by his Māori cohorts. He tells Ada that there is no room in his small house for the piano. Ada, in turn, makes no effort to befriend him and continues to try to be reunited with her piano. Unable to communicate with Alistair, she goes, with Flora, to Baines and asks to be taken to the piano. He agrees, and the three spend the day as she plays tunes on the beach. While he socially aligns himself with the Māori, Baines has steadfastly refused any sexual activity with Māori women. But he clearly finds Ada attractive due to her passion for music. Baines eventually retrieves the instrument and suggests that Alistair trade it — and lessons from Ada — for some land that Alistair wants. Alistair consents, oblivious to the budding attraction between Ada and Baines. She is surprised to find that he has had the piano put into perfect tune after its rough journey. He asks to simply listen rather than learn to play himself, and then offers to let her buy the piano back, one key at a time, by letting him do "things he likes" while she plays. Ada reluctantly agrees, as she is attracted to Baines. Ada and Alistair have had no sexual, or even mildly affectionate, interaction even though they are by now formally married.

Baines is sexually aroused by Ada's playing to the point that he openly approaches her. Finally, she yields to her own desire one afternoon, and she and Baines have intercourse. Alistair finally begins to suspect the love affair and after discovering them, he angrily boards up his home with Ada inside when he goes off to work on his timberland. After that interlude, Ada avoids Baines and feigns affection with Alistair, though her caresses only serve to frustrate him more because when he makes a move to touch her in return, she pulls away. Before Alistair departs on his next journey, he asks Ada if she will go to see Baines — she shakes her head no — and he tells her he trusts that she won't go to him while he's gone.

Soon after, Ada sends her daughter with a package for Baines, containing a single piano key with an inscribed love declaration that says "dear George, you will have my heart, Ada McGrath". Flora has begun to accept Alistair as her "papa" and is angered by her mother's infidelity. She brings the piano key instead to Alistair. After reading the love note burnt onto the piano key, Alistair furiously returns home and cuts off Ada's index finger with an axe to deprive her of the ability to play her piano. He then sends Flora to Baines with the severed finger wrapped in cloth, with the message that if Baines ever attempts to see Ada again, he will chop off more fingers. After Ada recovers from her injury, Alistair sends her and Flora away with Baines and dissolves their marriage. They depart from the same beach on which she first landed in New Zealand. While being rowed to the ship with her baggage and the piano tied onto a Maori longboat, Ada feels that the piano is ruined as she can no longer play and insists that Baines throw the piano overboard. As it sinks, she deliberately puts her foot into the loop of rope trailing overboard. She is rapidly pulled deep underwater connected by the rope to the piano — but then she changes her mind and kicks free to be pulled back into the boat.

In an epilogue, she describes her new life with Baines and Flora in Nelson, where she has started to give piano lessons in their new home, and her severed finger has been replaced with a silver finger made by Baines. Ada says that she imagines her piano in its grave in the sea, and herself suspended above it, which "lulls me to sleep." Ada has also started to take speech lessons in order to learn how to speak again. The film closes with the Thomas Hood quote, from his poem "Silence," which also opened the film: "There is a silence where hath been no sound. There is a silence where no sound may be in the cold grave under the deep deep sea."

Cast[link]

• Holly Hunter as Ada McGrath
• Harvey Keitel as George Baines
• Anna Paquin as Flora McGrath
• Sam Neill as Alistair Stewart
• Kerry Walker as Aunt Morag
• Genevieve Lemon as Nessie
• Tungia Baker as Hira
• Ian Mune as Reverend
• Peter Dennett as Head seaman
• Cliff Curtis as Mana
• George Boyle as Ada's Father / Flora's Grandfather

Production[link]

Casting the role of Ada was a difficult process. Sigourney Weaver was Campion's first choice, but she turned down the role because she was taking a break from film at the time. Jennifer Jason Leigh was also considered but she couldn't meet with Campion to read the script because she was committed to shooting the film Rush.^[1] Isabelle Huppert met with Jane Campion and had vintage period-style photographs taken of her as Ada, and later said she regretted not fighting for the role as Hunter did.^[2]

The casting for Flora occurred after Hunter had been selected for the part. They did a series of open auditions for girls age 9 to 13, focusing on girls who were small enough to be believable as Ada's daughter (as Holly Hunter is a rather short actress at 5' 2"^[3]).^[4]

Alistair Fox has argued that The Piano was significantly influenced by Jane Mander's The Story of a New Zealand River.^[5] The movie also serves as a retelling of the fairytale Bluebeard,^[6][7] which is hinted at further in the inclusion of Bluebeard as a piece of the Christmas pageant.

Reception[link]

The film won the Palme d'Or (Golden Palm, shared with Chen Kaige's Farewell My Concubine) and a Best Performance Prize for Holly Hunter at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.^[8] In 1994, the film won Academy Awards for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Holly Hunter), as well as Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Anna Paquin) and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen. Anna Paquin was the second youngest person after Tatum O'Neal to win an Academy Award. Holly Hunter is notable for being one of three actresses — along with Marlee Matlin (for her American sign language performance in Children of a Lesser God) and Jane Wyman (for her deaf-mute role in Johnny Belinda) − to receive an Academy Award for Best Actress in the post-silent era for a non-speaking role (her voice is only heard off-screen in a few scenes). The film made its US premier at the Hawaii International Film Festival.

Critical reaction was overwhelmingly supportive. Roger Ebert wrote: "The Piano is as peculiar and haunting as any film I've seen" and "It is one of those rare movies that is not just about a story, or some characters, but about a whole universe of feeling." Hal Hinson of The Washington Post called it "[An] evocative, powerful, extraordinarily beautiful film." On the film site Rotten Tomatoes, The Piano scored 90 out of 100 percent; in a sample of top critics, it scored 100 percent.^[9]

Accolades[link]

Won

• Academy Awards:
  • Best Actress in a Leading Role (Holly Hunter)
  • Best Original Screenplay (Jane Campion)
  • Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Anna Paquin)
• Cannes Film Festival
  • Golden Palm^[8]
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)^[8]
• César Awards
  • Best Foreign Film
• Australian Film Institute:
  • Best Actor (Harvey Keitel)
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)
  • Best Cinematography (Stuart Dryburgh)
  • Best Costume Design (Janet Patterson)
  • Best Director (Jane Campion)
  • Best Editing (Veronika Jenet)
  • Best Film
  • Best Original Music Score (Michael Nyman)
  • Best Production Design
  • Best Screenplay — Original (Jane Campion)
  • Best Sound
• BAFTA Awards:
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)
  • Best Costume Design (Janet Patterson)
  • Best Production Design (Andrew McAlpine)
• Boston Film Critics:
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)
• Chicago Film Critics:
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)
  • Best Score (Michael Nyman)
• Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics:
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)
• Golden Globe Awards:
  • Best Actress — Drama (Holly Hunter)
• Independent Spirit Awards:
  • Best Foreign Film, Australia/New Zealand
• London Film Critics:
  • Actress of the Year (Holly Hunter)
  • Film of the Year
• Los Angeles Film Critics:
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)
  • Best Cinematography
  • Best Director (Jane Campion)
  • Best Screenplay (Jane Campion)
  • Best Supporting Actress (Anna Paquin)
• National Board of Review:
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)
• National Society of Film Critics:
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)
  • Best Screenplay (Jane Campion)
• New York Film Critics:
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)
  • Best Director (Jane Campion)
  • Best Screenplay (Jane Campion)
• Southeastern Film Critics:
  • Best Actress (Holly Hunter)
  • Best Director (Jane Campion)
  • Best Picture
• Writers Guild of America (WGA):
  • Best Screenplay — Original (Jane Campion)

Nominations

• Academy Awards:
  • Best Cinematography (Stuart Dryburgh)
  • Best Costume Design (Janet Patterson)
  • Best Director (Jane Campion)
  • Best Editing (Veronika Jenet)
  • Best Picture
• American Cinema Editors:
  • Best Edited Feature Film (Veronika Jenet)
• American Society of Cinematographers:
  • Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases (Stuart Dryburgh)
• Australian Film Institute:
  • Best Supporting Actor (Sam Neill)
  • Best Supporting Actress (Kerry Walker)
• BAFTA Awards:
  • Best Cinematography
  • Best Director (Jane Campion)
  • Best Editing
  • Best Film
  • Best Score (Michael Nyman)
  • Best Screenplay — Original (Jane Campion)
  • Best Sound
• Directors Guild of America (DGA):
  • Best Director (Jane Campion)
• Golden Globe Awards:
  • Best Director (Jane Campion)
  • Best Original Score (Michael Nyman)
  • Best Picture — Drama
  • Best Screenplay (Jane Campion)
  • Best Supporting Actress (Anna Paquin)

Soundtrack[link]

	"The Piano" noicon Extract from the score of the 1993 film "The Piano"
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The score for the film was written by Michael Nyman, and included the acclaimed piece "The Heart Asks Pleasure First"; additional pieces were "Big My Secret", "The Mood That Passes Through You", "Silver Fingered Fling", "Deep Sleep Playing" and "The Attraction Of The Peddling Ankle". This album is rated in the top 100 soundtrack albums of all time and Nyman's work is regarded as a key voice in the film, which has a mute lead character (Entertainment Weekly, 12 October 2001, p. 44).

Video release[link]

The film was released on DVD in 1997 by LIVE Entertainment. This film is up to be released on Blu-ray on 31 January 2012 by Lionsgate & Kitty Home Entertainment, but already released in 2010 in Australia.^[10]

References[link]

• Ellen Cheshire Jane Campion, Great Britain: Pocket Essentials, 2000.
• Cynthia Kaufman "Colonialism, Purity, and Resistance in The Piano", Socialist Review 24 (1995): 251-55.

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: The Piano

• The Piano at the Internet Movie Database
• The Piano at AllRovi
• The Piano at Box Office Mojo
• The Piano at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Piano at Metacritic
• Roger Ebert's review
• The Piano screenplay