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Abkhazia
Abkhazia ( Apsny, Apkhazeti, Abkhazia) is a political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus whose status is disputed. It considers itself an independent state (the Republic of Abkhazia). This is recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, South Ossetia and Transnistria.
http://wn.com/Abkhazia -
Ada Kaleh
http://wn.com/Ada_Kaleh -
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea.
http://wn.com/Adriatic_Sea -
Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea (, Egeo Pelagos ; ) is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey respectively. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The Aegean Region consists of nine provinces in southwestern Turkey, in part bordering on the Aegean sea.
http://wn.com/Aegean_Sea -
Afghanistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Afghanistan -
Albania
Albania ( , , Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (, pronounced ), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
http://wn.com/Albania -
Algeria
http://wn.com/Algeria -
Andorra
Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra (), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, (), is a small country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of and an estimated population of 83,888 in 2009. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe, being at an elevation of 1023 metres. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, French, and Portuguese are also commonly spoken.
http://wn.com/Andorra -
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (, ; ), is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city. The exclave province of Cabinda has a border with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
http://wn.com/Angola -
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda (; Spanish for "ancient" and "bearded") is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands (including Great Bird, Green, Guinea, Long, Maiden and York Islands). Separated by a few sea miles, the group is in the middle of the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 17 degrees north of the Equator. Being a former part of the British Empire has strongly influenced the country's governance, language, and culture.
http://wn.com/Antigua_and_Barbuda -
Arab League
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Arab_League -
Armenia
http://wn.com/Armenia -
Asia Minor
http://wn.com/Asia_Minor -
Assembly of Kosovo
The Assembly of Kosovo (; ) was originally established by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 2001 to provide 'provisional, democratic self-government'. On February 17, 2008, Kosovo declared independence, and subsequently adopted a constitution, which came into effect on 15 June 2008.
http://wn.com/Assembly_of_Kosovo -
Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria -
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan ( ; ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (), is one of the six independent Turkic states in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south.
http://wn.com/Azerbaijan -
Bahrain
Bahrain, officially Kingdom of Bahrain (, , literally: "Kingdom of the Two Seas"), is a small island country in the Persian Gulf ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. While Bahrain is an archipelago of thirty-three islands, the largest (Bahrain Island) is long by wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain via the King Fahd Causeway, which was officially opened on 25 November 1986. Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain.
http://wn.com/Bahrain -
Balkan Mountains
The Balkan mountain range (Bulgarian and , Stara planina, "Old Mountain") is a mountain range in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. The Balkan range runs 560 km from the Vrashka Chuka Peak on the border between Bulgaria and eastern Serbia eastward through central Bulgaria to Cape Emine on the Black Sea. The highest peaks of the Stara planina are in central Bulgaria. The highest peak is Botev (2,376 m), located in the Central Balkan National Park (established 1991). The mountain gives the name of the Balkan Peninsula. Stara Planina played an enormous role in the History of Bulgaria and the development of the Bulgarian nation and people.
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Banja Luka
http://wn.com/Banja_Luka -
Barbados
Barbados ()or (Bar-bay-dos) is an island nation of the Lesser Antilles, in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic Ocean and 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and north-east of Venezuela. Barbados is outside of the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.
http://wn.com/Barbados -
Bari
http://wn.com/Bari -
Bač (Serbia)
http://wn.com/Bač_(Serbia) -
Belarus
Belarus, ( ; , ), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Viciebsk). Forty percent of its is forested, and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
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Belene Island
http://wn.com/Belene_Island -
Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
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Belgrade
http://wn.com/Belgrade -
Belgrade Arena
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Belgrade Synagogue
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Belize
Belize () (formerly British Honduras), is a democratic constitutional monarchy, and the northernmost Central American nation. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Although Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official language. Belize is bordered by Mexico to its north, by Guatemala to its south and west, and by the Caribbean Sea to the east.
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Benin
Benin (), officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. Its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin is where a majority of the population is located. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is located in the country's largest city of Cotonou. Benin covers an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers (42,000 sq mi), with a population of approximately 8.8 million. Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment and income arising from subsistence farming.
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Bhutan
The Kingdom of Bhutan () (Dzongkha: ; Wylie: '' 'drug yul; Tibetan pinyin: ''), is a small landlocked country in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China . Bhutan is separated from the nearby state of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim, and from Bangladesh to the south by West Bengal.
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Bolivia
Bolivia (), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia, (, ) is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, and Chile and Peru to the west.
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Botswana
The Republic of Botswana () is a sub Saharan country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" (singular: Motswana). Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. It has held free and fair democratic elections since independence.
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Braničevo District
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Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
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Brunei
http://wn.com/Brunei -
Brussels
Brussels (, pronounced ; , pronounced ), officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region (, Dutch: ), is the de facto capital city of the European Union (EU) and the largest urban area in Belgium. It comprises 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels proper, which is the constitutional capital of Belgium, the seat of the French Community of Belgium and of the Flemish Community.
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Brăila
http://wn.com/Brăila -
Budapest
http://wn.com/Budapest -
Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
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Burkina Faso
http://wn.com/Burkina_Faso -
Burma
Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the second largest country by geographical area in Southeast Asia. The country is bordered by People's Republic of China on the north-east, Laos on the east, Thailand on the south-east, Bangladesh on the west, India on the north-west and the Bay of Bengal to the south-west with the Andaman Sea defining its southern periphery. One-third of Burma's total perimeter, 1,930 kilometers (1,199 mi), forms an uninterrupted coastline.
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Cambodia
http://wn.com/Cambodia -
Cameroon
http://wn.com/Cameroon -
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
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Cape Verde
The Republic of Cape Verde (; , ; ) is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 15 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa. The islands, covering a combined area of slightly over , are of volcanic origin and while three of them (Sal, Boa Vista and Maio) are fairly flat, sandy and dry, the remaining ones are generally rockier and have more vegetation. Due to the infrequent occurrence of rainfall the overall landscape is not particularly green, as the country's name suggests (verde is Portuguese for "green"). The name of the country stems instead from the nearby Cap Vert, on the Senegalese coast.
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Carpathian basin
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Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or the Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains, ). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.
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Chad
http://wn.com/Chad -
Chile
http://wn.com/Chile -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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City of Belgrade
http://wn.com/City_of_Belgrade -
Colombia
Colombia (), officially the Republic of Colombia (, ), is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. With a population of over 45 million people, Colombia has the 29th largest population in the world and the second largest in South America, after Brazil. Colombia has the fourth largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico, the United States, and Spain.
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Comoros
this is an island with to people on it
http://wn.com/Comoros -
Constantinople
Constantinople (, , Turkish: Istanbul) was the imperial capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.
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Costa Rica
:For the plant genus Costarica, see its synonym Sicyos.
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Council of Europe
The Council of Europe () is one of the oldest international organisations working towards European integration, having been founded in 1949. It has a particular emphasis on legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation. It has 47 member states with some 800 million citizens. It is distinct from the European Union (EU) which has common policies, binding laws and only twenty-seven members. The two do however share certain symbols such as their flag.
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Croatia
Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
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Csepel Island
http://wn.com/Csepel_Island -
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba (; , ) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos.
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Cyprus
http://wn.com/Cyprus -
Czech Republic
http://wn.com/Czech_Republic -
Czechoslovakia
http://wn.com/Czechoslovakia -
Côte d'Ivoire
The Republic of (; ), commonly known in English as Ivory Coast, is a country in West Africa. It has an area of 322,462 km2, and borders the countries of Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population which was 15,366,672 in 1998, was estimated to be 20,617,068 in 2009.
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Dalmatia
Dalmatia (, see names in other languages) is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It spreads between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south. Dalmatia today lies mostly in Croatia, also with smaller parts in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Neum Municipality) and Montenegro (around the Bay of Kotor). The Dalmatian dog received its name from Dalmatia.
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Denmark
http://wn.com/Denmark -
Dečani
http://wn.com/Dečani -
Djibouti
http://wn.com/Djibouti -
Dominica
Dominica, ( ) officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. To the north-northwest lies Guadeloupe, to the southeast Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth of Dominica has an estimated population of 72,500. The capital is Roseau.
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Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic (; , ) is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries. Both by area and population, the Dominican Republic is the second largest Caribbean nation (after Cuba), with and an estimated 10 million people.
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DR Congo
http://wn.com/DR_Congo -
Drina
http://wn.com/Drina -
Dunaújváros
http://wn.com/Dunaújváros -
East Timor
http://wn.com/East_Timor -
Ecuador
http://wn.com/Ecuador -
Egypt
http://wn.com/Egypt -
El Salvador
El Salvador (; , literally meaning "Republic of The Savior") is the smallest and also the most densely populated country in Central America. It borders the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras. It lies on the Gulf of Fonseca, as do Honduras and Nicaragua further south.
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Equatorial Guinea
http://wn.com/Equatorial_Guinea -
Eritrea
http://wn.com/Eritrea -
Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Ethiopia -
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.
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Faroe Islands
The Faroe Islands (, ) are an island group situated between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately halfway between Great Britain and Iceland. The Faroe Islands are a constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark, along with Denmark proper and Greenland.
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Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
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FK Vojvodina
http://wn.com/FK_Vojvodina -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Gabon
http://wn.com/Gabon -
Galați
http://wn.com/Galați -
Gamzigrad
http://wn.com/Gamzigrad -
Geography of Moldova
Located in southeastern Europe, Moldova is bordered on the west by Romania and on the north, south, and east by Ukraine. Most of its territory lies between the area's two main rivers, the Dniester and the Prut. The Dniester forms a small part of Moldova's border with Ukraine in the northeast and southeast, but it mainly flows through the eastern part of the country, separating Bessarabia and Transnistria. The Prut River forms Moldova's entire western boundary with Romania. The Danube touches the Moldovan border at its southernmost tip, and forms the border for .
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Geography of Romania
http://wn.com/Geography_of_Romania -
Georgia (country)
http://wn.com/Georgia_(country) -
German Empire
http://wn.com/German_Empire -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Ghana
http://wn.com/Ghana -
Gibraltar
Gibraltar () is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean, overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory itself is a peninsula of whose isthmus connects to the north with Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the area and gives its name to the densely populated town, home to almost 30,000 Gibraltarians.
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Giurgiu
Giurgiu is the capital city of Giurgiu County, Romania, in the Greater Wallachia. It is situated amid mud-flats and marshes on the left bank of the Danube facing the Bulgarian city of Rousse on the opposite bank. Three small islands face the city, and a larger one shelters its port, Smarda. The rich grain-growing land to the north is traversed by a railway to Bucharest, the first line opened in Romania, which was built in 1869 and afterwards extended to Smarda. Giurgiu exports timber, grain, salt and petroleum, and imports coal, iron, and textiles.
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Gračanica Monastery
http://wn.com/Gračanica_Monastery -
Gračanica monastery
http://wn.com/Gračanica_monastery -
Great Morava
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Great War Island
Great War Island () is a river island in Belgrade, capital of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of Sava and Danube rivers. Though uninhabited, the island is part of the Belgrade City proper, and belongs to the city municipality of Zemun.
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Greece
http://wn.com/Greece -
Grenada
Grenada () is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela, and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
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Guadeloupe
Guadeloupe (; ; Antillean Creole: Gwadloup) is an archipelago located in the Leeward Islands, in the Lesser Antilles, with a land area of 1,628 square kilometres (629 sq. mi) and a population of 400,000. It is the first overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. As with the other overseas departments, Guadeloupe is also one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic since 2007.
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Guatemala
http://wn.com/Guatemala -
Guernsey
The Bailiwick of Guernsey ( ; , ) is a British Crown Dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.
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Guinea
http://wn.com/Guinea -
Guinea-Bissau
The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (; , ) is located in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west.
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Guyana
Guyana ( ), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is a state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana has been a former colony of the British, Dutch and for a brief period, the French. It is the only state of the Commonwealth of Nations on mainland South America, and is also a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), which has its secretariat headquarters in Guyana's capital, Georgetown. Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966 and became a Republic on 23 February 1970.
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Győr
http://wn.com/Győr -
Haiti
Haiti (; French , ; Haitian Creole: Ayiti, ), officially the Republic of Haiti ( ;
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Honduras
Honduras (, , ) is a republic in Central America. It was formerly known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras (now Belize). The country is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.
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Hron
This article is about the River Hron. For the Rector of Prag-Suchdol see Jan Hron
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Hungary
http://wn.com/Hungary -
Ibar (river)
The Ibar (; ) is a river that flows through eastern Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo, with a total length of . The river begins in the Hajla mountain, eastern Montenegro, passes through Kosovo and flows into the West Morava river, Central Serbia, near Kraljevo.
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Iceland
:
http://wn.com/Iceland -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Interpol
http://wn.com/Interpol -
Ipeľ
http://wn.com/Ipeľ -
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
http://wn.com/Iraq -
Iron Gate (Danube)
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Isle of Man
The Isle of Man (; , ), otherwise known simply as Mann (, ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although it does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is the ultimate responsibility of the Crown (i.e., in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
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Israel
http://wn.com/Israel -
Italy
http://wn.com/Italy -
Ivory Coast
http://wn.com/Ivory_Coast -
Jamaica
http://wn.com/Jamaica -
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan -
Jersey
http://wn.com/Jersey -
Jordan
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Jordan -
Kazakhstan
http://wn.com/Kazakhstan -
Kenya
The Republic of Kenya (pronounced ) is a country in East Africa. Lying along the Indian Ocean to its southeast and at the equator, Kenya is bordered by Somalia to the northeast, Ethiopia to the north, Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west and Tanzania to the south. Lake Victoria is to the southwest and is shared between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Kenya has numerous wildlife reserves, containing thousands of animal species. The capital city is Nairobi. Kenya's area is 580,000 km2 with a population of nearly 39 million which is diverse: more than 40 different ethnic groups are present. The country is named after Mount Kenya, a significant landmark and second among Africa's highest mountain peaks.
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Kingdom of Hungary
http://wn.com/Kingdom_of_Hungary -
Kingdom of Serbia
http://wn.com/Kingdom_of_Serbia -
Kosovo
http://wn.com/Kosovo -
Kotor
http://wn.com/Kotor -
Kozloduy Island
http://wn.com/Kozloduy_Island -
Kragujevac
http://wn.com/Kragujevac -
Kraljevo
http://wn.com/Kraljevo -
Kruševac
http://wn.com/Kruševac -
Kuwait
The State of Kuwait (, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab nation situated in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, and Iraq to the north. It lies on the northwestern shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic "akwat", the plural of "kout", meaning fortress built near water. The emirate covers an area of 17,820 square kilometres (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 2.7 million.
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Laos
Laos (, , or ), officially the '''Lao People's Democratic Republic''', is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west.
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Lapovo
http://wn.com/Lapovo -
Latvia
Latvia (; ), officially the Republic of Latvia () is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km). Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden. The territory of Latvia covers and it has a temperate seasonal climate.
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Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
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Leskovac
http://wn.com/Leskovac -
Lesotho
http://wn.com/Lesotho -
Liberia
http://wn.com/Liberia -
Libya
http://wn.com/Libya -
Liechtenstein
http://wn.com/Liechtenstein -
Lithuania
Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (, , ), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq mi).
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Madagascar
Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic, French: ), is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the fourth-largest island in the world.
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Malawi
The Republic of Malawi (; Chichewa ) is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size is over with an estimated population of more than 13,900,000. Its capital is Lilongwe, the second largest city is Blantyre and the third large city is Mzuzu. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area.
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Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
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Maldives
http://wn.com/Maldives -
Mali
http://wn.com/Mali -
Malta
Malta , officially the Republic of Malta (), is a southern European country and consists of an archipelago situated centrally in the Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily and 288 km east of Tunisia, with the Strait of Gibraltar 1,826 km to the west and Alexandria 1,510 km to the east.
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Margaret Island
http://wn.com/Margaret_Island -
Martinique
Martinique () is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of . Like Guadeloupe, it is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia, and to the southeast Barbados. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. The Island was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1502.
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Mauritania
http://wn.com/Mauritania -
Mauritius
http://wn.com/Mauritius -
Mexico
Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
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Mileševa monastery
http://wn.com/Mileševa_monastery -
Milutin Milanković
http://wn.com/Milutin_Milanković -
Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova (Moldovan/) is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldovan SSR in 1991, as part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. A strip of Moldova's internationally recognized territory on the east bank of the river Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990.
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Monaco
http://wn.com/Monaco -
Mongolia
Mongolia (; ) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
http://wn.com/Mongolia -
Montenegro
http://wn.com/Montenegro -
Morocco
http://wn.com/Morocco -
Mozambique
http://wn.com/Mozambique -
Naissos
http://wn.com/Naissos -
Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (, ), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek. Namibia is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, ) is an Executive Branch agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's civilian space program and aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's self-described mission statement is to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research."
http://wn.com/NASA -
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO ( ; ), also called the "(North) Atlantic Alliance", is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The NATO headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, and the organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party.
http://wn.com/NATO -
Nazi Germany
http://wn.com/Nazi_Germany -
Neretva
http://wn.com/Neretva -
New Brunswick
New Brunswick (; ) is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally bilingual province (English and French) in the federation. The provincial capital is Fredericton, while Saint John is the most populous city. Statistics Canada estimates the provincial population in 2009 to be 750,457; a majority are English-speaking, but there is also a large Francophone minority (33%), chiefly of Acadian origin.
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua ( ) officially the Republic of Nicaragua (, ), is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of the country, the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country's Caribbean coast is part of the Western Caribbean Zone. Falling within the tropics, Nicaragua sits between 11 degrees and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. The capital city of Nicaragua is Managua. Roughly one quarter of the nation's population lives in the Nicaraguan capital, making it the second largest city and metropolitan area in Central America (following Guatemala City).
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Niger
Niger ( or ; ), officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2, over 80 percent of which is covered by the Sahara desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of just above 15,000,000 is mostly clustered in the far south and west of the nation. The capital city is Niamey.
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Nigeria
Nigeria (), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion.
http://wn.com/Nigeria -
Niš
http://wn.com/Niš -
Nišava
http://wn.com/Nišava -
Niška Banja
http://wn.com/Niška_Banja -
Northern Cyprus
http://wn.com/Northern_Cyprus -
Norway
http://wn.com/Norway -
Novi Pazar
: For the town in Bulgaria see Novi Pazar, Bulgaria.
http://wn.com/Novi_Pazar -
Novi Sad
http://wn.com/Novi_Sad -
Oman
Oman (pronounced ; '), officially the Sultanate of Oman''' ( ), is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates on the northwest, Saudi Arabia on the west and Yemen on the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The country also contains Madha and Musandam, two exclaves on the Gulf of Oman, south of the Strait of Hormuz and surrounded by the United Arab Emirates on the land side.
http://wn.com/Oman -
Ostrovul Mare, Islaz
http://wn.com/Ostrovul_Mare_Islaz -
Ostrvo (Kostolac)
http://wn.com/Ostrvo_(Kostolac) -
Ottawa
Ottawa ( or ) is the capital of Canada, a municipality and the second largest city within the province of Ontario. Located in the Ottawa Valley, in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario, the city lies on the Ottawa River, a major waterway forming the local boundary between the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
http://wn.com/Ottawa -
Our Lady of Ljeviš
http://wn.com/Our_Lady_of_Ljeviš -
Pakistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Pakistan -
Panama
Panama (), officially the Republic of Panama (; ), is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital is Panama City.
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Pančevo
http://wn.com/Pančevo -
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea ( , also or ; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) (PNG), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
http://wn.com/Papua_New_Guinea -
Pešter
http://wn.com/Pešter -
Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
http://wn.com/Philippines -
Pirot
http://wn.com/Pirot -
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
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Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
http://wn.com/Portugal -
Požarevac
http://wn.com/Požarevac -
Pčinja (river)
http://wn.com/Pčinja_(river) -
Qatar
Qatar ( ; ; local pronunciation: ), also known as the State of Qatar or locally , is an Arab country, known officially as an emirate, in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south; otherwise, the Persian Gulf surrounds the state. A strait of the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island nation of Bahrain.
http://wn.com/Qatar -
Quebec
Quebec or ( ) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
http://wn.com/Quebec -
Remesiana
Remesiana was an ancient Roman city. It is located all around and under modern day city of Bela Palanka, Serbia.
http://wn.com/Remesiana -
Republic of Ireland
Ireland (, , , ), described as the Republic of Ireland (), is a state in northwest Europe with a population of almost 4.5 million people. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional republic occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned into two jurisdictions in 1921. It is bordered to the northeast by Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea to the east, St George's Channel to the southeast, and the Celtic Sea to the south.
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Republika Srpska
http://wn.com/Republika_Srpska -
Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
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Ruse, Bulgaria
Ruse (also transliterated as Rousse or Russe; ) is the fifth-largest city in Bulgaria with a population of (by current address). Ruse is situated in the northeastern part of the country, on the right bank of the Danube, opposite the Romanian city of Giurgiu, 300 km from the capital Sofia and 200 km from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is the most significant Bulgarian river port, serving an important part of the international trade of the country.
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Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Rwanda
The Republic of Rwanda (, , or in English, or in Kinyarwanda) is a unitary republic of central and eastern Africa. It borders Uganda to the north; Tanzania to the east; Burundi to the south; and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Rwanda is landlocked but is noted for its lakes, particularly Lake Kivu, which occupies the floor of the Rift Valley along most of the country's western border. Although close to the equator, the country has a temperate climate due to its high elevation, with the highest point being Mount Karisimbi. The terrain consists of mountains and gently rolling hills, with plains and swamps in the east. Abundant wildlife, including rare mountain gorillas, have led to a fast-growing tourism sector. The largest cities in Rwanda are Kigali, Gitarama, and Butare. Unlike many African countries, Rwanda is home to only one significant ethnic and linguistic group, the Banyarwanda. The country is well known for its native styles of dance, particularly the Intore dance, and for its drummers. Kinyarwanda, English and French are the official languages.
http://wn.com/Rwanda -
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia (; ) is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 (238 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 160,000. Its capital is Castries. The island nation has been the home of two Nobel laureates, Arthur Lewis and Derek Walcott. It is the nation with the second most such honorees per capita after Faroe Islands.
http://wn.com/Saint_Lucia -
San Marino
San Marino, officially the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( ; ), is a country situated on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave, in Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of almost 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino. One of the European microstates, along with Liechtenstein, the Vatican, Monaco, Andorra, and Malta, San Marino has the smallest population of all the members of the Council of Europe.
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Sarajevo
http://wn.com/Sarajevo -
Saudi Arabia
http://wn.com/Saudi_Arabia -
Senegal
http://wn.com/Senegal -
Serbia
Serbia (pronounced: ), officially the Republic of Serbia (), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central- and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern lowlands of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; its border with Albania is disputed. Serbia's capital city, Belgrade, is among the most populous in Southeastern Europe.
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Seychelles
Seychelles ( ; French: ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar.
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Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone () (Krio: Sa Lone), officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has a population estimated at 6.5 million. It is a former British Colony and now a constitutional republic comprising three provinces and the Western Area; which are further divided into fourteen districts.
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Singapore
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Singapore -
Singidunum
Singidunum (, ) is the name for the ancient city in Serbia which became Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It was recorded that a Celtic tribe Scordisci settled the area in the 3rd century BC following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans. The Roman Empire conquered the area in 75 BC and later garrisoned the Roman Legio IV Flavia Felix in 86 AD. It was the birthplace to the Roman Emperor Jovian. Belgrade has arisen from its ashes 38 times.
http://wn.com/Singidunum -
Sirmium
:Sirmium in Pannonia should not be confused with Sirmio on Lake Garda.
http://wn.com/Sirmium -
Slovakia
http://wn.com/Slovakia -
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (, ), is a country in Central Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy on the west, the Adriatic Sea on the southwest, Croatia on the south and east, Hungary on the northeast, and Austria on the north. The capital and largest city of Slovenia is Ljubljana.
http://wn.com/Slovenia -
Smak
http://wn.com/Smak -
Smederevo
http://wn.com/Smederevo -
Smederevska Palanka
http://wn.com/Smederevska_Palanka -
Somalia
Somalia ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Somalia (, ) and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under communist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. With the longest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands.
http://wn.com/Somalia -
Sombor
http://wn.com/Sombor -
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.
http://wn.com/South_Africa -
South Ossetia
South Ossetia ( or ; , Khussar Iryston; , Samxret Oseti; , Yuzhnaya Osetiya) or Tskhinvali Region (, Tsxinvalis regioni; , Tskhinvalskiy region) is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
http://wn.com/South_Ossetia -
Southern Carpathians
http://wn.com/Southern_Carpathians -
Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain -
Sri Lanka
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (commonly known as Sri Lanka (, , or ); ; , ) is a country and a sovereign state off souther coast of the Indian subcontinent. A island nation in South Asia, it was till 1972 known as Ceylon (, , or ). Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
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Stari Ras
http://wn.com/Stari_Ras -
Sudan
Sudan (), officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and tenth largest in the world by area. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east,Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. The world's longest river, the Nile, divides the country between east and west sides.
http://wn.com/Sudan -
Suriname
http://wn.com/Suriname -
Swaziland
The Kingdom of Swaziland (Umbuso weSwatini), sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique. The nation, as well as its people, are named after the 19th century king Mswati II.
http://wn.com/Swaziland -
Sweden
http://wn.com/Sweden -
Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
http://wn.com/Switzerland -
Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Syrmia
Syrmia (; ; German: Syrmien; ) is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west.
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Tanzania
The United Republic of Tanzania (; phonetical: tan-zann-ei-a; or sometimes tan-zanneia; ) is a country in central East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.
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Thailand
Thailand ( or ; Ratcha Anachak Thai, ), formerly Siam (, ), is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
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The Bahamas
The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is a country consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 islets (rocks). It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States (nearest to the state of Florida). Its total land area is ; slightly larger than the US states of Connecticut and Rhode Island combined), with an estimated population of 330,000. Its capital is Nassau. Geographically, the Bahamas lie in the same island chain as Cuba, Hispaniola and the Turks and Caicos Islands, the designation of the Bahamas refers normally to the commonwealth and not the geographic chain.
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The Gambia
The Republic of the Gambia, commonly known as the Gambia, or Gambia, is a country in Western Africa. The Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, bordered to the north, east, and south by Senegal, with a small coast on the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
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Togo
http://wn.com/Togo -
Transnistria
http://wn.com/Transnistria -
Trinidad and Tobago
The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago () is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American country of Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles. It shares maritime boundaries with other nations including Barbados to the northeast, Guyana to the southeast, and Venezuela to the south and west.
http://wn.com/Trinidad_and_Tobago -
Tulcea
http://wn.com/Tulcea -
Tunisia
http://wn.com/Tunisia -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
Turkmenistan
The Turkmenistan (), also known as Turkmenia () is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR). Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, Uzbekistan to the east and northeast, Kazakhstan to the north and northwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.
http://wn.com/Turkmenistan -
Uganda
The Republic of Uganda ( or ) is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, which is also bordered by Kenya and Tanzania.
http://wn.com/Uganda -
Ukraine
Ukraine ( ; , transliterated: , ), with its area of 603,628 km2, is the second largest country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast respectively.
http://wn.com/Ukraine -
United Arab Emirates
http://wn.com/United_Arab_Emirates -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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UNMIK
http://wn.com/UNMIK -
Uruguay
Uruguay (, ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (sometimes rendered as the Eastern Republic of Uruguay in the English language; , ), is a country located in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.4 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area. An estimated 88% of the population are of European descent.
http://wn.com/Uruguay -
USA
http://wn.com/USA -
Uzbekistan
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan -
Užice
http://wn.com/Užice -
Valjevo
http://wn.com/Valjevo -
Vanuatu
Vanuatu ( or ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, west of Fiji, and southeast of the Solomon Islands, near New Guinea.
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Vatican City
http://wn.com/Vatican_City -
Venezuela
http://wn.com/Venezuela -
Venice
Venice ( , Venetian: Venesia) is a city in northern Italy known both for tourism and for industry, and is the capital of the region Veneto, with a population of about 272,000 (census estimate 1 January 2004). Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area (population 1,600,000).
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Vidin
Vidin (, also spelled as Widdin in English) is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Serbia and Romania, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin (since 870). An agricultural and trade centre, Vidin has a fertile hinterland renowned for its wines.
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Vienna
Vienna (; ; ) is the capital of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million (2.3 million within the metropolitan area, more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 10th largest city by population in the European Union. Vienna is host to many major international organizations such as the United Nations and OPEC.
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Vietnam
Vietnam ( ; , ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (), to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world.
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Viminacium
Viminacium (VIMINACIVM) was a major city (provincial capital) and military camp of the Roman province of Moesia (today's Serbia), and the capital of Moesia Superior. The archeological site occupies a total of 450 hectares.
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Vinča-Belo Brdo
http://wn.com/Vinča-Belo_Brdo -
Visoki Dečani
http://wn.com/Visoki_Dečani -
Vranje
http://wn.com/Vranje -
Vrnjačka Banja
http://wn.com/Vrnjačka_Banja -
Váh
http://wn.com/Váh -
Yantra (river)
http://wn.com/Yantra_(river) -
Yemen
http://wn.com/Yemen -
Yugoslavia
http://wn.com/Yugoslavia -
Zambia
The Republic of Zambia () is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka, located in the south-central part of the country. The population is concentrated mainly around the Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt to the northwest.
http://wn.com/Zambia -
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe ( ; officially the Republic of Zimbabwe and formerly Southern Rhodesia, the Republic of Rhodesia, and Zimbabwe Rhodesia) is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three official languages: English, Shona (a Bantu language), and Ndebele (also a Bantu language).
http://wn.com/Zimbabwe -
Zlatibor
:For other meanings see: Zlatibor (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Zlatibor -
Zrenjanin
http://wn.com/Zrenjanin -
Åland Islands
http://wn.com/Åland_Islands -
Čačak
http://wn.com/Čačak -
Žitný ostrov
http://wn.com/Žitný_ostrov
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Aleksandar Ranković
http://wn.com/Aleksandar_Ranković -
Aleksandar Tišma
http://wn.com/Aleksandar_Tišma -
Alexander the Great
http://wn.com/Alexander_the_Great -
Ana Ivanovic
http://wn.com/Ana_Ivanovic -
Anastas Jovanović
http://wn.com/Anastas_Jovanović -
Andrija Zmajević
http://wn.com/Andrija_Zmajević -
Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria -
Boris Tadić
http://wn.com/Boris_Tadić -
Borisav Stanković
http://wn.com/Borisav_Stanković -
Borislav Pekić
http://wn.com/Borislav_Pekić -
Bosniaks
http://wn.com/Bosniaks -
Bosniaks of Serbia
Bosniaks are an ethnic group living in Serbia. According to the last census from 2002, the total number of Bosniaks in Serbia was 136,087 and they comprised 1.82% of population. According to the Census 2002, Bosniaks are the third largest ethnic group in the country, after Serbs and Hungarians.
http://wn.com/Bosniaks_of_Serbia -
Branislav Nušić
http://wn.com/Branislav_Nušić -
Branko Miljković
http://wn.com/Branko_Miljković -
Branko Ćopić
http://wn.com/Branko_Ćopić -
Bulgarians in Serbia
Bulgarians are an ethnic group in Serbia. This article focuses on Bulgarians in south-eastern Serbia, one of the two areas in which ethnic Bulgarians are concentrated.
http://wn.com/Bulgarians_in_Serbia -
Carl Spitteler
http://wn.com/Carl_Spitteler -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Dacians
http://wn.com/Dacians -
Danilo Kiš
http://wn.com/Danilo_Kiš -
Darko Miličić
http://wn.com/Darko_Miličić -
Dobrica Ćosić
http://wn.com/Dobrica_Ćosić -
Dositej Obradović
http://wn.com/Dositej_Obradović -
Dragiša Cvetković
http://wn.com/Dragiša_Cvetković -
Dragutin Topić
http://wn.com/Dragutin_Topić -
Draža Mihailović
http://wn.com/Draža_Mihailović -
Edvard Kardelj
http://wn.com/Edvard_Kardelj -
Frankish Kingdom
http://wn.com/Frankish_Kingdom -
Gavrilo Princip
http://wn.com/Gavrilo_Princip -
Germans
|ref15 =
http://wn.com/Germans -
Goran Hadžić
http://wn.com/Goran_Hadžić -
Goran Petrović
http://wn.com/Goran_Petrović -
Hungarians in Serbia
http://wn.com/Hungarians_in_Serbia -
Hungarians of Serbia
http://wn.com/Hungarians_of_Serbia -
Illyrians
http://wn.com/Illyrians -
Interpol
http://wn.com/Interpol -
Isidor Bajić
http://wn.com/Isidor_Bajić -
Isidora Sekulić
http://wn.com/Isidora_Sekulić -
Ivo Andrić
http://wn.com/Ivo_Andrić -
Jacob Grimm
http://wn.com/Jacob_Grimm -
Janko Tipsarević
http://wn.com/Janko_Tipsarević -
Jasna Šekarić
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Jasna_Šekarić -
Jelena Dokić
http://wn.com/Jelena_Dokić -
Jelena Janković
http://wn.com/Jelena_Janković -
Jelena Karleuša
http://wn.com/Jelena_Karleuša -
Josif Marinković
Josif Marinkovic (11 October 1851 13 May 1931) was one of the most important Serbian composers of the nineteenth century.
http://wn.com/Josif_Marinković -
Josif Pančić
http://wn.com/Josif_Pančić -
Josip Broz Tito
http://wn.com/Josip_Broz_Tito -
Jovan Cvijić
http://wn.com/Jovan_Cvijić -
Jovan Dučić
http://wn.com/Jovan_Dučić -
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj
http://wn.com/Jovan_Jovanović_Zmaj -
Jovan Nenad
http://wn.com/Jovan_Nenad -
Jovan Rajić
http://wn.com/Jovan_Rajić -
Jovan Ristic
http://wn.com/Jovan_Ristic -
Karađorđe Petrović
http://wn.com/Karađorđe_Petrović -
Laza Kostić
http://wn.com/Laza_Kostić -
Laza Lazarević
http://wn.com/Laza_Lazarević -
List of Serbs
Below are lists of prominent ethnic Serbs and people from Serbia.
http://wn.com/List_of_Serbs -
Ljubica Marić
http://wn.com/Ljubica_Marić -
Marko Jarić
http://wn.com/Marko_Jarić -
Marko Čelebonović
http://wn.com/Marko_Čelebonović -
Meša Selimović
http://wn.com/Meša_Selimović -
Mihailo Petrović
http://wn.com/Mihailo_Petrović -
Milan Konjović
http://wn.com/Milan_Konjović -
Milan Rakić
http://wn.com/Milan_Rakić -
Milan Stojadinović
http://wn.com/Milan_Stojadinović -
Milo Milunović
http://wn.com/Milo_Milunović -
Miloje Milojević
http://wn.com/Miloje_Milojević -
Milorad Čavić
swimmer
http://wn.com/Milorad_Čavić -
Milovan Glišić
http://wn.com/Milovan_Glišić -
Milovan Đilas
http://wn.com/Milovan_Đilas -
Miloš Crnjanski
http://wn.com/Miloš_Crnjanski -
Miloš Obrenović
http://wn.com/Miloš_Obrenović -
Miloš Obrenović I
http://wn.com/Miloš_Obrenović_I -
Milutin Milanković
http://wn.com/Milutin_Milanković -
Miodrag Pavlović
http://wn.com/Miodrag_Pavlović -
Mirko Cvetković
http://wn.com/Mirko_Cvetković -
Mića Popović
http://wn.com/Mića_Popović -
Monika Seles
http://wn.com/Monika_Seles -
Nađa Higl
swimmer
http://wn.com/Nađa_Higl -
Nenad Zimonjić
http://wn.com/Nenad_Zimonjić -
Nikola Nešković
http://wn.com/Nikola_Nešković -
Nikola Pašić
http://wn.com/Nikola_Pašić -
Nikola Tesla
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla -
Novak Djokovic
Novak Djokovic (), (born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player, who is currently ranked the World No. 2 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) after reaching his second U.S. Open final in 2010.
http://wn.com/Novak_Djokovic -
Olivera Jevtić
http://wn.com/Olivera_Jevtić -
Osam
The Osam () is a river in northern Bulgaria. Its drainage basin is in between that of the river Vit to the west and the Yantra system to the east. The river has two main tributaries in its upper course: the Black Osam takes its source from the foot of Levski Peak in the Balkan Mountains, at an altitude of , while the White Osam has its source on the northern slopes of the Kozya Stena peak. In Troyan, the black and white Osam join. It runs north towards Lovech, then north-east until Letnitsa and Levski, where it turns north-west until it flows into the river Danube 5 km west of the town of Nikopol. The ancient name of the river was Assamus.
http://wn.com/Osam -
Ottoman Empire
http://wn.com/Ottoman_Empire -
Ottoman history
http://wn.com/Ottoman_history -
Paja Jovanović
http://wn.com/Paja_Jovanović -
Peja Stojaković
MedalCountry |
http://wn.com/Peja_Stojaković -
Petar Konjović
http://wn.com/Petar_Konjović -
Petar Lubarda
Petar Lubarda (Cetinje, 27 July 1907 - Belgrade, 13 February 1974) was a Montenegrin Serb painter, considered to be an influential figure on post-war painting in former Yugoslavia.
http://wn.com/Petar_Lubarda -
Pete Maravich
Peter "Pistol Pete" Press Maravich (June 22, 1947 – January 5, 1988) made basketball history as the most spectacular college scorer ever. Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Maravich starred in college at Louisiana State University (LSU) and for three NBA teams. He is still the all-time leading NCAA Division I scorer with 3,667 points scored and an average of 44.2 points per game. Maravich died suddenly at age 40 during a pick-up game as a consequence of a previously undetected congenital heart defect. One of the youngest players ever inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, Maravich was cited by the Hall as "perhaps the greatest creative offensive talent in history". In an April 2010 interview, Hall of Fame player John Havlicek said "the best ball-handler of all time was (Pete) Maravich". A biographical movie, "Pistol: The Birth of a Legend", was made in 1990. This movie is based on his first season of high school varsity basketball (which he played when he was in eighth grade).
http://wn.com/Pete_Maravich -
Peter I of Serbia
http://wn.com/Peter_I_of_Serbia -
Radoje Domanović
http://wn.com/Radoje_Domanović -
Radoslav Čelnik
http://wn.com/Radoslav_Čelnik -
Rambo Amadeus
http://wn.com/Rambo_Amadeus -
Romani people
The Romani (also Romany, Romanies, Romanis, Roma or Roms; exonym: Gypsy; Romani: Romane or Rromane, depending on the dialect) are an ethnic group living mostly in Europe, who trace their origins to mediaeval India.
http://wn.com/Romani_people -
Romanians
http://wn.com/Romanians -
Saint Sava
http://wn.com/Saint_Sava -
Scordisci
http://wn.com/Scordisci -
Serbian American
Serbian Americans are citizens of the United States who are of Serbian ancestry.
http://wn.com/Serbian_American -
Serbian culture
Serbian culture refers to the culture of Serbia and of ethnic Serbs (Serb culture, ).
http://wn.com/Serbian_culture -
Serbians
http://wn.com/Serbians -
Serbs
Serbs (, Romanization: Srbi ) are a native Balkan South Slavic ethnic group. Majority of Serbs live in their ancestral lands in Central Europe and the Balkans (Southeastern Europe), between the Balkan and Carpathian mountains, in the east, and the Adriatic sea, in the west. Significant percentage of Serb people live in diaspora. The total world Serbian population, however, is difficult to measure. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs are also a significant minority in other republics of the Former Yugoslavia- primarily Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Serbs are an officially recognized minority in both Romania and Hungary, as well as Albania and Slovakia. There is a large Serbian diaspora in Western Europe especially in Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and Austria, as well as in France and Italy (which also contains a historical Serb community). More than a million people of Serbian origin live in German speaking countries: Luxembourg (1%), Austria (1,8%), Switzerland (1%), and Germany (~1%).
http://wn.com/Serbs -
Serbs of Kosovo
Kosovo Serbs (, transliterated Kosovci, meaning "people of Kosovo", sing; m Kosovac, f Kosovka) are the second largest ethnic group in Kosovo. By the 12th century, the cultural, diplomatic and religious core of the Serbian Kingdom was located in Kosovo. This became essential to the Serbian Empire of the 14th century.
http://wn.com/Serbs_of_Kosovo -
Serbs of Vojvodina
http://wn.com/Serbs_of_Vojvodina -
Sima Ćirković
http://wn.com/Sima_Ćirković -
Simo Matavulj
Simo Matavulj (1852-1908) was a Serbian novelist, a representative of lyric Realism, especially in short prose.
http://wn.com/Simo_Matavulj -
Slobodan Milošević
http://wn.com/Slobodan_Milošević -
Slobodan Živojinović
http://wn.com/Slobodan_Živojinović -
Slovaks in Vojvodina
Slovaks are the third largest ethnic group in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. According to the 2002 census, there are 56,637 ethnic Slovaks in Vojvodina, constituting 2.79% in the population of the province. The number of ethnic Slovaks in the whole of Serbia is 59,021, forming 0.79% of the country's total population.
http://wn.com/Slovaks_in_Vojvodina -
Slovaks of Serbia
http://wn.com/Slovaks_of_Serbia -
Stanislav Binički
http://wn.com/Stanislav_Binički -
Starčevo culture
http://wn.com/Starčevo_culture -
Starčevo-Körös
http://wn.com/Starčevo-Körös -
Stefan Lazarević
http://wn.com/Stefan_Lazarević -
Stefan Nemanja
http://wn.com/Stefan_Nemanja -
Stefan Nemanjić
http://wn.com/Stefan_Nemanjić -
Stevan Hristić
http://wn.com/Stevan_Hristić -
Stevan Sremac
Stevan Sremac (November 11, 1855, Zenta – August 13, 1906, Sokobanja) was a Serbian realist and comedy writer.
http://wn.com/Stevan_Sremac -
Svetislav Basara
http://wn.com/Svetislav_Basara -
Svetlana Ražnatović
http://wn.com/Svetlana_Ražnatović -
Teodor Kračun
http://wn.com/Teodor_Kračun -
Timothy Garton Ash
Timothy Garton Ash CMG, (born 12 July 1955 in London) is a British historian and author. His focus is the late modern and contemporary history of Central and Eastern Europe. He has specifically worked on the Communist dictatorships of that region, the origins of the Revolutions of 1989 in that region and their immediate aftermath, i.e. the transformation of the former Eastern Bloc states from their totalitarian past towards their integration into the Western capitalist order.
http://wn.com/Timothy_Garton_Ash -
Tomislav Nikolic
http://wn.com/Tomislav_Nikolic -
Tomislav Nikolić
http://wn.com/Tomislav_Nikolić -
Uroš Predić
http://wn.com/Uroš_Predić -
Vasko Popa
Vasko Popa (, June 29, 1922, Grebenac (, , ) - January 5, 1991) was a Serbian poet of Romanian descent.
http://wn.com/Vasko_Popa -
Viktor Troicki
Tennis biography
http://wn.com/Viktor_Troicki -
Vlachs of Serbia
http://wn.com/Vlachs_of_Serbia -
Vlade Divac
MedalSilver|1988 Seoul|
http://wn.com/Vlade_Divac -
Vladimir Veličković
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Veličković -
Vladko Macek
http://wn.com/Vladko_Macek -
Vlado Chernozemski
http://wn.com/Vlado_Chernozemski -
Vuk Jeremić
http://wn.com/Vuk_Jeremić -
World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
http://wn.com/World_War_I -
Zaharije Orfelin
http://wn.com/Zaharije_Orfelin -
Zoran Đinđić
http://wn.com/Zoran_Đinđić -
Đorđe Balašević
http://wn.com/Đorđe_Balašević -
Đura Jakšić
http://wn.com/Đura_Jakšić -
Željko Joksimović
http://wn.com/Željko_Joksimović -
Željko Rebrača
http://wn.com/Željko_Rebrača
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Serbia U21 vs England U21 0-1 Fight and racist claims against Danny Rose 16.10.2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Serbia U21 vs England U21 0-1 Fight and racist claims against Danny Rose 16.10.2012
http://wn.com/Serbia_U21_vs_England_U21_0-1_Fight_and_racist_claims_against_Danny_Rose_16102012
Serbia v England u21
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Disgraceful scenes from Serbia! Those england coaching staff would never react like that for no reason!!
http://wn.com/Serbia_v_England_u21
The Vice Guide to the Balkans - Serbia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 54:24
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
For downloads and more information visit: www.journeyman.tv The Kosovan War was grisly and nebulous, with both Serbians and Albanians accused of one sordid atrocity after another. 12 years on, we take a look at a region still living with the legacy of the conflict. A decade on from the ultimate break up of the former Yugoslavian republic, the Vice team explore the idiosyncracies of the region with characteristic irreverence and insight. From an "amusement park supposed to capture the memory of Marshall Tito's Yugoslavia", to the rather more serious legacy of the Gypsy communities left living on toxic sites by UN peacekeeping missions, the numerous scars left by the conflicts can be felt at every turn. VBS.tv
http://wn.com/The_Vice_Guide_to_the_Balkans_Serbia
Is Serbia safe?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:29
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
A Serbian asked me to make this video for his wife in South America.. She is nervous about her move to Serbia after watching all the ANTI-Serb media, movies etc.... Hope it helps persuade her...
http://wn.com/Is_Serbia_safe?
Kosovo & Serbia: No Bridge Between
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:38
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Watch more on RT's documentary channel rtd.rt.com The Republic of Kosovo is situated in southeastern Europe. It is a self-declared independent state and has de facto control over most of the territory, while North Kosovo, the largest Kosovo Serb enclave, is under the control of institutions of the Republic of Serbia. The long-term severe ethnic tensions between Kosovo's ethnic Albanian and Serb populations are still the number one issue in the region and who knows when will be settled? RT on Twitter http RT on Facebook www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Kosovo_Serbia_No_Bridge_Between
Clashes in Kosovo over launch of Serbia talks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:48
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Police in Kosovo have fired tear gas on opposition activists and made dozens of arrests. The protesters were trying to block Prime Minister Hashim Thaci from entering his office. They are angry about a meeting between Thaci and his Serbian counterpart last week. Al Jazeera's Charlie Angela has the story.
http://wn.com/Clashes_in_Kosovo_over_launch_of_Serbia_talks
Serbia and the Origins of NATO Human Rights Imperialism
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:41
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
The Historical Background of the 3rd Balkan War (Yugoslav War) Srebinica was an infowars media spectacle Strong Iranian Serb relations Russian Troops in Belgrade is what stopped NATO NATO bases used for transporting Afghani Opium Serbia was part of the Ottoman and Byzantine Empires and has an affinity to Constantinople Several Byzantine Emperors were Serbian Inluding Dioclesian, and Constantines I and 8 Serbian empire in the Medieval Period: upload.wikimedia.org
http://wn.com/Serbia_and_the_Origins_of_NATO_Human_Rights_Imperialism
England U21 V Serbia U21 - Post Match Fight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
[English Commentary] Wickham goal and Post match Brawl. 16/10/2012
http://wn.com/England_U21_V_Serbia_U21_Post_Match_Fight
Shit Serbian Parents Say
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
Well a bunch of you requested this so here it is! A video of different things that our fob Serbian parents say every day! SHARE // SUBSCRIBE Featuring: Cousin Zoran
http://wn.com/Shit_Serbian_Parents_Say
Belgrade, Serbia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
These videos are not mine, I've just put them together and I have no material gain from it. Same goes for the song.
http://wn.com/Belgrade,_Serbia
SoulFood Serbia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
SoulFood Serbia National Tourism Organisation of Serbia Serbia travel * Visit Serbia * Welcome to Serbia Soulfood Serbia is a short promotional video of the National Tourism Organisation of Serbia representing autochthonous food and beverages. Gastronomic products featured in the video are an essential part of the country's tourism offer. Serbia has always straddled East and West, not only in a geographical sense, but also politically and culturally. At first, Serbia found itself between the Byzantine and Roman empires, then it became a frontier between the Ottoman Empire and the Christian West. This centuries-long position in the path of conquering armies from both sides has led to constant migrations and the mixing of populations. The result is a multiethnic, multicultural and multiconfessional society in Serbia. And even during communism the inhabitants of this region were somewhere between the Warsaw Pact and NATO. In contrast to other post-communist countries in the region, the people of Serbia have a more comprehensive education, a more contemporary approach to life, better knowledge of foreign languages and more readily accept new technologies and behaviours. Republic of Serbia , Republika Srbija, Europe, tourism presentation * Its capital city Belgrade * My Beautiful Serbia - Srbija * Hrana sa dušom * Turizam Srbije - prirodu i zdravu ishranu * TOS - Turisticka organizacija Srbije
http://wn.com/SoulFood_Serbia
'No sense in NATO' - Serbian president-elect in RT exclusive
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:47
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
RT talks to Serbia's newly-elected president Tomislav Nikolic. He spoke about the road ahead he envisions for his country, facing an economic crisis and striving for EU membership. Subscribe to RT! www.youtube.com Watch RT LIVE on our website rt.com Like us on Facebook www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter twitter.com Follow us on Google+ plus.google.com RT (Russia Today) is a global news network broadcasting from Moscow and Washington studios. RT is the first news channel to break the 500 million YouTube views benchmark.
http://wn.com/'No_sense_in_NATO'_Serbian_president-elect_in_RT_exclusive
UNITED STATES OF EUROPE (43) SERBIA BY LEONARD WELLS,UK 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:38
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
THE UNITED STATES OF EUROPE PART 43 -SERBIA- BY LEONARD WELLS,HASLINGDEN,UK,SUNDAY NOVEMBER 6TH 2011
http://wn.com/UNITED_STATES_OF_EUROPE_43_SERBIA_BY_LEONARD_WELLS,UK_2011
Serbia U21 - England U21 0:1 - Goal and Fight HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
Serbia U21 - England U21 0:1 Last minutes of the match.
http://wn.com/Serbia_U21_England_U21_01_Goal_and_Fight_HD
Albanian Police Terror against Serbs in Kosovo-Vidovdan 2012 KOSOVO IS SERBIA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:56
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Šiptarski napad za Vidovdan na Gazimestanu 2012 On one of the holiest Serbian national and religious, orthodox Christian holidays, which marks anniversary of 28 June 1389 "Battle of Kosovo", scores of young Serbian children and youth, attending this event, were injured in attacks by Albanian mob and police, using firearms, Molotov cocktails, stones and other weapons ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬(ஜ۩۞۩ஜ)▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ www.facebook.com ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬(ஜ۩۞۩ஜ)▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
http://wn.com/Albanian_Police_Terror_against_Serbs_in_Kosovo-Vidovdan_2012_KOSOVO_IS_SERBIA
U21 SERBIA - U21 ENGLAND 0-1 (FIGHT - Field view)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:28
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
MUST SEE THIS VIDEO www.youtube.com - THE FASTEST PLAYER IN THE WORLD...WHAT A SKILL :) Playoff round for Europen Championship UNDER 21, Serbia and England players fight after England goal. One of England's players addressed to crowd some reaction and that caused an uproar and the fight on the field. SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE GREAT VIDEO! THANKS.
http://wn.com/U21_SERBIA_U21_ENGLAND_0-1_FIGHT_Field_view
Željko Joksimović - Nije Ljubav Stvar (Serbia) 2012 Eurovision Song Contest Official Preview Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Powered by www.eurovision.tv Željko Joksimović will represent Serbia in the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest in Baku, Azerbaijan with the song "Nije Ljubav Stvar".
http://wn.com/Željko_Joksimović_Nije_Ljubav_Stvar_Serbia_2012_Eurovision_Song_Contest_Official_Preview_Video
USA vs Serbia... Price differences .. HOTELS, TAXES, BEER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:13
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
talking about price differences between USA and Serbia... I talk about beer, hotels, fast food...
http://wn.com/USA_vs_Serbia_Price_differences_HOTELS,_TAXES,_BEER
England U21 v Serbia U21 Official Match Highlights & Goals 12/10/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
England U21 v Serbia U21 Friday, 12/10/2012 Kick off 18:00 BST at Carrow Road, Norwich UEFA European Under-21s Championship, Play-Off First Leg England - Dawson 64'(pen) England will take a one-goal advantage to Serbia on Tuesday after a narrow first-leg victory at Carrow Road. Craig Dawson crashed home a 66th-minute penalty to edge a physical encounter to send the Serbians to their first defeat in qualifying. The win edges the Three Lions closer to the Euro 2013 Finals, but Coach Stuart Pearce will know there is still much work to do in Tuesday's return in Krusevac. England were expecting a tough test in Norwich, and inside the first 50 seconds the visitors big no. 9 Dorde Despotovic had found himself in the referee's notebook for a late challenge on Dawson. He was soon joined by Aleksandar Pantic, who tugged Tom Ince's shirt when the Blackpool forward threatened. Debutant Raheem Sterling will also think himself unlucky becoming the game's third booking inside six minutes for a soft foul, but it wrapped up a busy few minutes for Deniz Aytekin's pencil. When the football was allowed to start flowing, England were into their stride largely down to the positive work of left-back Danny Rose. The Sunderland loanee first drove forward before clipping in a delightful cross towards the unmarked Ince. From twelve yards he looked odds on to at least work keeper Branimir Aleksic, but a poor connection sent his header wide. The same pair linked up again moments later, Rose feeding ...
http://wn.com/England_U21_v_Serbia_U21_Official_Match_Highlights_Goals_12_10_12
Beautiful Belgrade Serbia # 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
walking down the main busy shopping area in Belgrade
http://wn.com/Beautiful_Belgrade_Serbia_2
Zeljko Joksimovic - Nije Ljubav Stvar (EUROVISION 2012) HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:06
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
Zeljko Joksimovic Nije Ljubav Stvar Live at Semi-Final 2 Eurovision 2012 Serbia Baku Azerbaijan Rona Nishliu - Suus (Eurovision 2012 - Albania) Trackshittaz - Woki Mit Deim Popo (Eurovision 2012 - Austria) Sabina Babayeva - When The Music Dies (Eurovision 2012 - Azerbaijan) Maya Sar - Korake Ti Znam (Eurovision 2012 - Bosnia & Herzegovina) Iris - Would You (Eurovision 2012 - Belgium) Sofi Marinova - Love Unlimited (Eurovision 2012 - Bulgaria) LiteSound - We Are The Heroes (Eurovision 2012 - Belarus) Sinplus - Unbreakable (Eurovision 2012 - Switzerland) Ivi Adamou - La La Love (Eurovision 2012 - Cyprus) Roman Lob - Standing Still (Eurovision 2012 - Germany) Soluna Samay - Should've Known Better (Eurovison 2012 - Denmark) Ott Lepland - Kuula (Eurovision 2012 - Estonia) Pastora Soler - Quedate Conmigo (Stay With Me) (Eurovision 2012 - Spain) Pernilla - Nar Jag Blundar (Eurovision 2012 - Finland) Anggun - Echo (You And I) (Eurovision 2012 - France) Engelbert Humperdinck - Love Will Set You Free (Eurovision 2012 - United Kingdom) Anri Jokhadze - I'm A Joker (Eurovision 2012 - Georgia) Eleftheria Eleftheriou - Aphrodisiac (Eurovision 2012 - Greece) Nina Badric - Nebo (Eurovision 2012 - Croatia) Compact Disco - Sound Of Our Hearts (Eurovision 2012 - Hungary) Jedward - Waterline (Eurovision 2012 - Ireland) Izabo - Time (Eurovision 2012 - Israel) Greta Salome & Jonsi - Never Forget (Eurovision 2012 - Iceland) Nina Zilli - L'Amore E 'Femmina (Out Of Love) (Eurovision 2012 - Italy ...
http://wn.com/Zeljko_Joksimovic_Nije_Ljubav_Stvar_EUROVISION_2012_HD
Experiencing Serbian Food # 10....Karađorđeva šnicla
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
one of the best foods in Serbia!! They are spicy, filling and taste amazing!!!!!
http://wn.com/Experiencing_Serbian_Food_10Karađorđeva_šnicla
Connor Wickham's goal, Danny Rose's red card & brawl amid racist claims (England U21) v Serbia U21
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
UEFA/FIFA should watch this video
http://wn.com/Connor_Wickham's_goal,_Danny_Rose's_red_card_brawl_amid_racist_claims_England_U21_v_Serbia_U21
Photo: AP / Themba Hadebe
29 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Yesterday while protesting with striking mine workers in South Africa, Mohandas Gandhi was gunned down by heavily armed security forces. Gandhi, who...
Photo: AP / Joseph Kaczmarek
29 Oct 2012
> • TheUnited Stateson Sunday is bracing for the impact of an incredibly large Hurricane Sandy. • Hurricane Center warned residents of mid-Atlantic coast should expect life-threatening storm surges. •...
Photo: AP / Mike Groll
31 Oct 2012
TEHRAN — Iranian rescuers and aid workers are on standby to fly to New York City to provide assistance to those affected by Hurricane Sandy, the head of Iran’s Red Crescent Organization...
Photo: AP / John Minchillo
30 Oct 2012
At least 13 people have been killed in the US and millions are without power after Superstorm Sandy slammed into the New Jersey coastline and hurled a record-breaking 13ft surge of seawater at New...
Photo: AP / DigitalGlobe via Satellite Sentinel Project
31 Oct 2012
Cairo: A suspected Israeli airstrike on a weapons factory in Khartoum last week points to a possible escalation in a hidden front of the rivalry between Israel and Iran: The arms pipeline through...
Djokovic hesitant about London preparations
01 Nov 2012
Deccan Chronicle
With an opening-round loss, poor fitness and a father reportedly ill in a Serbian hospital with respiratory problems, Novak Djokovic on Wednesday...(size: 1.0Kb)
England's Caulker, Ince charged in Serbia
01 Nov 2012
New Straits/Business Times
BELGRADE, Serbia: England under-21 players Steven Caulker and Thomas Ince have reportedly been charged by Serbian police for their role in an on-field brawl at the end of a match marred by racial abuse from the crowd. State news agency Tanjug identified the two after police in the town of...(size: 2.7Kb)
Fed Cup final Kvitova's last chance to salvage
01 Nov 2012
Stuff
Petra Kvitova regards this weekend's Fed Cup final as her last chance to salvage a year which has been a big comedown after her stellar 2011. Kvitova led the Czech Republic last year to its first Fed Cup title in 23 years, and this weekend will defend it at home against Serbia. Despite withdrawing...(size: 2.8Kb)
Querrey uspets Djokovic in Paris Masters
01 Nov 2012
The State
PARIS â Sam Querrey recovered from a humiliating first set to beat second-seeded Novak Djokovic 0-6, 7-6 (5), 6-4 in the second round of the Paris Masters on Wednesday. It was the first time since the Miami Masters in March 2010 that Djokovic has been eliminated so early in a tournament. "During...(size: 5.0Kb)
Sacramento Bee
PARIS -- Sam Querrey recovered from a humiliating first set to beat second-seeded Novak Djokovic 0-6, 7-6 (5), 6-4 in the second round of the Paris Masters on Wednesday. It was the first time since the Miami Masters in March 2010 that Djokovic has been eliminated so early in a tournament. "During...(size: 4.7Kb)
The Washington Post
PARIS — Sam Querrey recovered from a humiliating first set to beat second-seeded Novak Djokovic 0-6, 7-6 (5), 6-4 in the second round of the Paris Masters on Wednesday. It was the first time since the Miami Masters in March 2010 that Djokovic has been eliminated so early in a tournament....(size: 5.5Kb)
Kvitova comes in from the cold to face Serbia
01 Nov 2012
The Times of India
PRAGUE: The Czech Republic's Petra Kvitova insisted on Wednesday she would beat a cold in time to face Serbia in the Fed Cup final in Prague next weekend with eyes on defending the trophy. The 22-year-old world number eight led the Czechs to a victory over Russia in last year's finals in Moscow that...(size: 3.6Kb)
Gibson says he's ready to return
01 Nov 2012
Irish Times
GAVIN CUMMISKEY REPUBLIC OF Ireland manager Giovanni Trapattoni allayed fears of another falling out with Shane Long yesterday and also noted Darron Gibson���s imminent return to the squad before the World Cup qualifier against Sweden in March. Both players are currently injured but Trapattoni...(size: 3.6Kb)
Irish Times
SOCCER SHORTS: English League Championship��Mick McCarthy is set to become the new Ipswich Town manager. The Tractor Boys, who parted company with Paul Jewell last week, interviewed several candidates on Tuesday, but are reported to have more talks lined up with the former Wolves and Sunderland boss...(size: 5.3Kb)
Force runs out on Djokovic in Bercy
01 Nov 2012
Irish Times
TENNIS:��WORLD NUMBER two Novak Djokovic suddenly ran out of gas as he was knocked out 0-6 7-6 6-4 by American Sam Querrey in the second round of the Paris Masters yesterday. Serbia���s Djokovic, who will replace Swiss Roger Federer as the world number...(size: 1.7Kb)
Serbia and Kosovo urged to build ties
01 Nov 2012
Irish Times
DANIEL McLAUGHLIN THE EUROPEAN Union and United States have told Serbia and Kosovo that only through establishing stable, peaceful ties with each other can they move towards membership of the EU. On joint visits to Belgrade and Pristina, US secretary of state Hillary Clinton and EU foreign policy...(size: 2.5Kb)
Goal set to appoint new chief executive
01 Nov 2012
Irish Times
JOE HUMPHREYS THE AID agency Goal is due to appoint an external candidate as its new chief executive this month following the acrimonious departure of its founder, John O���Shea. Speaking to The Irish Times this week, Jonathan Edgar, acting chief operations officer, said interviews had taken place...(size: 4.1Kb)
TENNIS: Querrey shocks Djokovic
01 Nov 2012
New Straits/Business Times
KNOCKED OUT: American marches into third round PARIS: SERBIA'S Novak Djokovic yesterday crashed out of the Paris Masters in his first match, losing 0-6, 7-6 (7-5), 6-4 to American journeyman Sam Querrey in the second round. Djokovic, who is assured of finishing as the top of...(size: 3.2Kb)
For other uses, see Serbia (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Republika Srpska.
| Republic of Serbia
Република Србија
Republika Srbija |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
| Anthem: Боже правде / Bože pravde God of Justice  |
||||||
 Location of Serbia (green) – Kosovo (light green)
on the European continent (dark grey) |
||||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Belgrade 44°48′N 20°28′E / 44.8°N 20.467°E / 44.8; 20.467 |
|||||
| Official language(s) | Serbian1 | |||||
| Ethnic groups (2002) | 82.9% Serbs, 3.9% Hungarians, 1.8% Bosniaks, 1.4% Roma, 10.0% others[1] (excluding Kosovo) |
|||||
| Demonym | Serbian | |||||
| Government | Parliamentary republic | |||||
| - | President | Tomislav Nikolić | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Mirko Cvetković | ||||
| Legislature | National Assembly | |||||
| Formation | ||||||
| - | First state | 768 | ||||
| - | Kingdom | 1217 | ||||
| - | Empire | 1346 | ||||
| - | Suzerain monarchy | 1817 | ||||
| - | De-jure independence | 1878 | ||||
| - | Independent republic | 2006 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 88,361 km2 (113th) 34,116 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 0.13 (including Kosovo) |
||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2011 estimate | 7,120,666 (excluding Kosovo)[2] (100th) | ||||
| - | 2002 census | 7,498,001 (excluding Kosovo)[2] | ||||
| - | Density | 91,9/km2 (112th) 238/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $78.869 billion[3] (76th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $10,642 (excluding Kosovo)[3] (79th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $45.064 billion[3] (79th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $6,080 (excluding Kosovo)[3] (81st) | ||||
| Gini (2008) | 26 (low) | |||||
| HDI (2011) | 0.766[4] (high) (59th) | |||||
| Currency | Serbian dinar (RSD) |
|||||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
| Drives on the | Right | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | RS | |||||
| Internet TLD | .rs, .срб | |||||
| Calling code | 381 | |||||
| 1 See also regional minority languages recognized by the ECRML | ||||||
Serbia 
i/ˈsɜrbiə/, officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija, pronounced [rɛpǔblika sř̩bija]), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; additionally, it borders Albania through Kosovo, whose status as part of Serbia is disputed. Serbia covers an area of 88,361 km2 and has a population of just over 7.1 million, while the capital and largest city is Belgrade.
The arrival of the Serbs to the Balkans in the 7th century, established several states, eventually forming the Serbian Empire in the 14th century. By the 16th century, Serbia was conquered and occupied by the Ottoman Empire, at times interrupted by the Habsburgs. In the early 19th century the Serbian revolution re-established the country as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory and pioneered the abolition of feudalism in the Balkans.[5] The former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina united with Serbia in 1918. Following World War I, Serbia formed Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples which existed in several forms up until 2006, when the National Assembly of Serbia declared independence and the legal succession to the former State Union. In February 2008 the parliament of UNMIK-governed Kosovo, Serbia's southern province, declared independence, with mixed responses from international governments.
Serbia is a member of the UN, Council of Europe, OSCE, PfP, BSEC and CEFTA. It is also an official candidate for membership in the European Union[6] and a neutral country.[7]
Contents |
Etymology[link]
Main article: Names of the Serbs and Serbia
The name "Serbia" was first mentioned as Greek: Σέρβια, meaning "land of the Serbs". There are many theories regarding the origin of the name of the Serbs. The most likely is that it is derived from the Old Slavic root *serb-, meaning "same".[8] Another proposed etymology is that of the Indo-European root *ser- "to watch over, protect", akin to Latin servare "to keep, guard, protect, preserve, observe".[9]
History[link]
Main article: History of Serbia
Early history[link]
Main articles: Prehistoric Serbia and Roman era Serbia
The Neolithic Starčevo and Vinča cultures existed in or near Belgrade and dominated the Balkans (as well as parts of Central Europe and Asia Minor) 8,500 years ago.[10][11] Lepenski Vir and Vinča-Belo Brdo are two important sites of these cultures, located at the banks of the Danube. Around 1000 BC, the Paleo-Balkan peoples known as Thracians, Dacians, Illyrians developed in the Balkans. Ancient Greeks expanded into the south of modern Serbia in the 4th century BC, the north-westernmost point of Alexander the Great's empire being the town of Kale-Krševica.[12] The Celtic tribe of Scordisci settled throughout Serbia in the 3rd century BC and built several fortifications, including Singidunum, present-day Belgrade, and Naissos, present-day Niš. Scordisci formed their own tribal state in this area and capital of that state was Singidunum (Belgrade). The Romans conquered parts of Serbia in the 2nd century BC; in 167 BC when conquering the west, establishing the province of Illyricum, and the rest of central part of present-day Serbia in 75 BC, establishing the province of Moesia Superior. Srem was conquered in 9 BC and Bačka and Banat in 106 AD after the Dacian wars. Despite its small size, contemporary Serbia extends fully or partially over several Roman provinces such as Moesia, Pannonia, Praevalitana, Dalmatia, Dacia and Macedonia. The chief towns of Serbian Upper Moesia (and wider) in the principate were: Singidunum, Viminacium, Remesiana, Naissus and especially, Sirmium which served as a Roman capital during the Tetrarchy.[13] Seventeen Roman Emperors were born in Serbia, second only to Italy.[14] The most famous of these was Constantine the Great, the first Christian Emperor, who issued religious tolerance throughout the Empire. When the Roman Empire was divided in 395, the region remained under the East, Byzantine Empire. After the 520s, Slavs appeared in the Byzantine Empire in great numbers.[15]
Middle Ages[link]
Main article: Serbia in the Middle Ages
File:Byzantine1355.PNG
The Serbian Empire at its apex (1355)
The Serbs, as Slavs in the vicinity of the Byzantine Empire, lived in so-called Sklavinia ("Slav lands"), territories initially out of Byzantine control and independent.[16] In the 8th century, the Vlastimirović dynasty established the Serbian Principality. In 822, Serbia "stretched over the greater part of Dalmatia",[17] and Christianity was adopted as state-religion in ca 870.[18] In the mid 10th century the state had emerged into a tribal confederation that stretched to the shores of the Adriatic Sea by the Neretva, the Sava, the Morava, and Skadar.[19] The state disintegrated after the death of the last known Vlastimirid ruler – the Byzantines annexed the region and held it for a century, until 1040 when the Serbs under the Vojislavljević dynasty revolted in Duklja (Pomorje).[20] In 1091, the Vukanović dynasty established the Serbian Grand Principality, based in Rascia (Zagorje).[20] The two halves were reunited in 1142.[21]
In 1166, Stefan Nemanja assumed the throne, marking the beginning of a prospering Serbia, henceforth under the rule of the Nemanjić dynasty.[22] Nemanja's son Rastko (posth. Saint Sava), gained autocephaly for the Serbian Church in 1217 and authored the oldest known constitution, and in the same year Stefan II was crowned King, establishing the Serbian Kingdom.[23] The Serbian Empire was established in 1346 by Stephen Dušan the Mighty, during which time Serbia reached its territorial peak, becoming one of the most powerful states in Europe and the most powerful in the Balkans. Dušan's Code, a universal system of law, was enacted. The reign of his son Stephen Uroš V the Weak saw the Empire fragment into a confederation of principalities. Emperor Uroš died childless in December 1371, after much of the nobility had been destroyed by the Ottomans in the Battle of Maritsa earlier that year. The Mrnjavčević, Lazarević and Branković dynasties ruled the Serbian lands in the 15th and 16th centuries. Constant struggles took place between various Serbian provinces and the Ottoman Empire. After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453 and the Siege of Belgrade, the Serbian Despotate fell in 1459 following the siege of the provisional capital of Smederevo. After repelling Ottoman attacks for over 70 years, Belgrade finally fell in 1521, opening the way for Ottoman expansion into Central Europe.
Ottoman and Austrian rule[link]
See also: History of Ottoman Serbia, Great Serb Migrations, Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739), and Koča's frontier
After the loss of independence to the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, Serbia briefly regained sovereignty under Jovan Nenad in the 16th century. Three Austrian invasions and numerous rebellions, such as the Banat Uprising (1595), constantly challenged Ottoman rule. Vojvodina endured a century long Ottoman occupation before being ceded to the Habsburg Empire in the 17th–18th centuries under the Treaty of Karlowitz. As the Great Serb Migrations depopulated most of southern Serbia,[citation needed] the Serbs sought refuge across the Danube river in Vojvodina to the north and the Military Frontier in the west where they were granted rights by the Austrian crown under measures such as the Statuta Wallachorum of 1630.
However, modern Ottomanist and post-constructivist scholars have refuted such a claim of a massive migration[24][25] The Ottoman persecutions of Christians culminated in the abolition and plunder of the Patriarchate of Peć in 1766.[26] However, most post-constructivist scholars have argued that the Ottoman Empire was in fact 'liberal' towards its Christians subjects relative to other parts of Europe at the time, but also that the Ottoman sultan enjoyed widespread legitimacy from the Orthodox clergy. The Ottoman Empire facilitated for a shared sense of time among Orthodox Christians, defined the ecclesiastical calendar: time revolve around succession feast days in Orthodox calendar; Saint’s days, the marking of changing seasons, harvests, fairs and family events. This was linked to the Idea of legitimate Ottoman rule rule and a ‘shared vision of the world’ among Orthodox Balkans in the 18th century which brought political unity and created commonalities.[27]
According to the nationalist reading of history, as Ottoman rule in the Sanjak of Smederevo grew ever more brutal, the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I formally granted the Serbs the right to their autonomous crownland following several petitions.[28]
Revolution and independence[link]
See also: Serbian Vojvodina and May Overthrow
The quest for national emancipation was first undertaken during the Serbian national revolution, in 1804 until 1815. The national liberation war was followed by a period of formalization, negotiations and finally, the Constitutionalization, effectively ending the process in 1835.[29] For the first time in Ottoman history, the entire Serbian Christian population had risen up against the Sultan.[30] The entrenchment of French troops in western Balkans, the incessant political crises in the Ottoman Empire, the growing intensity of the Austro–Russian rivalry in the Balkans, the intermittent warfare which consumed the energies of French and Russian Empires and the outbreak of protracted hostilities between the Porte and Russia are but a few of the major international developments which directly or indirectly influenced the course of the Serbian revolt.[30]
During the First Serbian Uprising, led by Duke Karađorđe Petrović, Serbia was independent for almost a decade before the Ottoman army was able to reoccupy the country. Shortly after this, the Second Serbian Uprising began. Led by Miloš Obrenović, it ended in 1815 with a compromise between the Serbian revolutionaries and the Ottoman authorities. They were the easternmost bourgeois revolutions in the 19th-century world.[31] Likewise, Serbia was one of the first nations in the Balkans to abolish feudalism.[32] The Convention of Ackerman in 1826, the Treaty of Adrianople in 1829 and finally, the Hatt-i Sharif, recognized the suzerainty of Serbia with Miloš Obrenović I as its hereditary Prince.[33][34] The struggle for liberty, a more modern society and a nation-state in Serbia won a victory under first constitution in the Balkans on 15 February 1835. It was replaced by a more conservative Constitution in 1838. In the two following decades, temporarily ruled by the House of Karađorđević, the Principality of Serbia actively supported the neighboring Habsburg Serbs, especially during the 1848 revolutions. Interior minister Ilija Garašanin published The Draft which became the standpoint of Serbian foreign policy from the mid-19th century onwards.
Following the clashes between the Ottoman army and civilians in Belgrade in 1862, and under pressure from the Great Powers, by 1867 the last Turkish soldiers left the Principality. By enacting a new constitution without consulting the Porte, Serbian diplomats confirmed the de facto independence of the country. In 1876, Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire, proclaiming its unification with Bosnia. The formal independence of the country was internationally recognized at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, which formally ended the Russo-Turkish War; this treaty, however, prohibited Serbia from uniting with Bosnia by placing it under Austro-Hungarian occupation.[35] From 1815 to 1903, Principality of Serbia was ruled by the House of Obrenović, except from 1842 to 1858, when it was led by Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević. In 1882, Serbia became a kingdom, ruled by King Milan. In 1903, following May Overthrow, the House of Karađorđević, descendants of the revolutionary leader Karađorđe Petrović assumed power. Serbia was the only country in the region that was allowed by the Great Powers to be ruled by its own domestic dynasty. The 1848 revolution in Austria lead to the establishment of the autonomous territory of Serbian Vojvodina. By 1849, the region was transformed into the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar.
Balkan Wars and World War I[link]
Main articles: Balkan Wars and Serbian Campaign (World War I)
The Balkan Wars took place between 1912 and 1913. The First Balkan War broke out when the member states of the Balkan League attacked and divided Ottoman territories in the Balkans in a seven-month campaign, resulting in the Treaty of London. For the Kingdom of Serbia, this victory enabled territorial expansion into Raška and Kosovo. The Second Balkan War soon ensued when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its gains, turned against its former allies, Serbia and Greece. Their armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counter-attacked, penetrating into Bulgaria, while Romania and the Ottomans used the favourable time to intervene against Bulgaria to win territorial gains. In the resulting Treaty of Bucharest, Bulgaria lost most of the territories gained in the First Balkan War, with Serbia annexing Vardar Macedonia. Serbia enlarged its territory by 80% and its population by 50% within just two years;[36] it also suffered high casualties on the eve of World War I, with around 20,000 dead.[37]
On 28 June 1914 the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian Nationalist and member of the Young Bosnia organization, led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia.[38] In defense of its ally Serbia, Russia started to mobilize its troops, which resulted in Austria-Hungary's ally Germany declaring war on Russia. The retaliation by Austria-Hungary against Serbia activated a series of military alliances that set off a chain reaction of war declarations across the continent, leading to the outbreak of World War I within a month.[39]
Serbia won the first major battles of World War I, including the Battle of Cer and Battle of Kolubara – marking the first Allied victories against the Central Powers in World War I.[40] Despite initial success, it was eventually overpowered by the joint forces of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria in 1915. Most of its army and some people went into exile to Greece and Corfu, where they recovered, regrouped and returned to the Macedonian front to lead a final breakthrough through enemy lines on 15 September 1918, liberating Serbia and defeating the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Bulgaria.[41] Serbia, with its campaign, was a major Balkan Entente Power[42] which contributed significantly to the Allied victory in the Balkans in November 1918, especially by helping France force Bulgaria's capitulation.[43] Serbia was classified as a minor Entente power.[44] Serbia was also among the main contributors to the capitulation of Austria-Hungary in Central Europe.
Serbia's casualties accounted for 8% of the total Entente military deaths; 58% (243,600) soldiers of the Serbian army perished in the war.[45] The total number of casualties is placed around 1,000,000,[46] more than 25% of Serbia's prewar size,[39] and a majority (57%) of its overall male population.[47][48][49]
First Yugoslavia[link]
Main article: Kingdom of Yugoslavia
At the end of World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed. On 29 October 1918, Syrmia became a part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. On 25 November 1918, the Assembly of Vojvodina proclaimed the unification of Vojvodina (Banat, Bačka and Baranja) with the Kingdom of Serbia. One day before this, on 24 November, the Assembly of Syrmia also proclaimed the unification of Syrmia with Serbia. On 1 December 1918, Vojvodina officially became part of the Kingdom. On 26 November 1918, the Podgorica Assembly deposed the House of Petrović-Njegoš of the Kingdom of Montenegro, opting for the House of Karađorđević, unifying the two states. Also, Bosnia declares its unification with Serbia.
On December 1, 1918, Serbian Prince Regent Alexander of Serbia proclaimed the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Alexander’s father, Peter I of Serbia, became king of the new state. In November 1920, with the major boundary disputes resolved, a constituent assembly was finally elected and convened and the assembly adopted a constitution in June 1921. The new kingdom was to be a highly centralized and unitary state ruled by a Serb king and predominantly Serb government. Alexander became king after Petar died in August 1921.
Serb centralists and Croat federalists clashed in the parliament, and most governments were fragile and short-lived. Nikola Pašić, leader of the Serb Radical Party and prime minister of Serbia before and during World War I, headed or dominated most governments until his death. In 1921 and 1922 Yugoslavia became a member of the Little Entente. In June 1928, a Montenegrin Radical Party deputy opened fire on the floor of the parliament. He shot and killed two Croat deputies and fatally wounded Stjepan Radić. This action completed the breach between Croats and Serbs.
King Alexander changed the name of the country to Kingdom of Yugoslavia and changed the internal divisions from the 33 oblasts to nine new banovinas. The effect of Alexander's dictatorship was to further alienate the non-Serbs from the idea of unity.[50] The king was assassinated in Marseille during an official visit to France in 1934 by an experienced marksman from IMRO with the cooperation of the Ustaše. Alexander was succeeded by his eleven-year-old son Peter II and a regency council headed by his cousin, Prince Paul.
Prime Minister Milan Stojadinović showed growing sympathy for fascist forms of government and was dissmied by Prince Paul. The regent then encouraged the new prime minister, Dragiša Cvetković, to negotiate a solution to the Croatian problem with Vladko Macek. In August 1939 the Cvetković–Maček Agreement established an autonomous Banate of Croatia. In effect, Yugoslavia became a federation with two units: Croatia and the rest. Serb hopes of achieving similar status were put on hold by the outbreak of World War II.
World War II and Second Yugoslavia[link]
Main articles: Yugoslav Front and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
See also: Serbia under German occupation, Socialist Republic of Serbia, World War II persecution of Serbs, and Jasenovac concentration camp
In 1941, in spite of domestically unpopular attempts by the government of Yugoslavia to appease the Axis powers, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and other Axis states invaded Yugoslavia. After the invasion, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was dissolved and Serbia was put under a German Military administration, under a joint German-Serb government with Milan Nedić as Head of the "Government of National Salvation". Serbia was the scene of a civil war between royalist chetniks commanded by Draža Mihailović and communist partisans commanded by Josip Broz Tito. Against these forces were arrayed Nedić's units of the Serbian Volunteer Corps and the Serbian State Guard.[citation needed]
After one year of occupation, around 16,000 Serbian Jews were murdered in Axis-occupied Serbia, or around 90% of its pre-war Jewish population. Many concentration camps were established acrros the country. Banjica concentration camp was the biggest and one of the first[citation needed] concentration camps for Jews in Europe. Primary victims were Serbian Jews, Roma, and Serb political prisoners.[51]
Axis puppet state of the Independent State of Croatia committed large scale persecution and genocide of Serbs, Jews, and Roma.[52] The estimate of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum indicates that between 330,000 and 390,000 ethnic Serb residents of Croatia, Bosnia and parts of Serbia were murdered during the Ustaše genocide campaign;[53] same figures are supported by the Jewish Virtual Library.[54][55] reports that more than 500,000 Serbs were killed overall, whereas official Yugoslav sources used to estimate more than 700,000 victims, mostly Serbs. The Jasenovac memorial so far lists 82,085 names killed at the this concentration camp alone,[56] out of around 100,000 estimated victims (75% of whom were of Serbian origin).[57]
Out of roughly 1,000,000 casualties in all of Yugoslavia up until 1944,[58][59] around 250,000 were citizens of Serbia of different ethnicities, according to Zundhauzen.[60] The overall number of Serb casualties in Yugoslavia was around 530,000, out of whom up to 400,000 in the Independent State of Croatia.[61] The Republic of Užice was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory established by the Partisans and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in the west of occupied Serbia. By late 1944, the Belgrade Offensive swung in favour of the partisans in the civil war; the partisans subsequently gained control of Yugoslavia.[62] The Syrmia front was the last sequence of the internal war in Serbia following the Belgrade Offensive. Between 70,000–80,000 people were killed in Serbia during the communist takeover.[63][64][65][66]
The communist takeover by the Yugoslav Partisans resulted in abolition of the monarchy and a subsequent orchestrated constitutional referendum.[67] A single-party state was soon established in Yugoslavia by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. All opposition was repressed and people deemed to be promoting opposition to the government or promoting separatism were given harsh prison sentences or executed for sedition. Serbia became a constituent republic within the SFRY known as the Socialist Republic of Serbia and had a republic-branch of the federal Communist party, the League of Communists of Serbia.
Serbia's most powerful and influential politician in Tito-era Yugoslavia was Aleksandar Ranković, one of the "big four" Yugoslav leaders, alongside Josip Broz Tito, Edvard Kardelj, and Milovan Đilas.[68] In 1950, Ranković as minister of interior reported that since 1945 the Yugoslav communist regime had arrested five million people.[69] Ranković was later removed from the office because of the disagreements regarding Kosovo’s nomenklatura and the interests of Serb unity.[68] Ranković's dismissal was highly unpopular amongst Serbs.[70]
Pro-decentralization reformers in Yugoslavia succeeded in the late 1960s in attaining substantial decentralization of powers, creating substantial autonomy in Kosovo and Vojvodina, and recognizing a Yugoslav Muslim nationality.[70] As a result of these reforms, there was a massive overhaul of Kosovo's nomenklatura and police, that shifted from being Serb-dominated to ethnic Albanian-dominated through firing Serbs in large scale.[70] Further concessions were made to the ethnic Albanians of Kosovo in response to unrest, including the creation of the University of Pristina as an Albanian language institution.[70] These changes created widespread fear amongst Serbs of being treated as second-class citizens.[71]
Breakup of Yugoslavia and political transition[link]
In 1989 Slobodan Milošević rose to power in Serbia. Milošević promised reduction of powers for the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina, where his allies subsequently overtook the power, in a movement called "Anti-bureaucratic revolution".[72] This ignited tensions with the communist leadership of the other republics, and awoke nationalism across the country, that eventually resulted in the Breakup of Yugoslavia, with Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia leaving one after another.[73] In 1992, the governments of Serbia and Montenegro agreed to the creation of a new federation, called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which abandoned the predecessor SFRY's official endorsement of communism, and instead endorsed democracy.
Fueled by ethnic tensions, the Yugoslav Wars broke out in Serbia's neighborhood, with the most severe conflicts taking place in Croatia and Bosnia, where the Serb population opposed their countries' newly proclaimed independence. Serbia and Montenegro remained nominally uninvolved, with the Yugoslav Army formally withdrawing in the early stages of the war. However, Yugoslavia did provide significant logistic, military and financial support to the Serb forces of Croatia and Bosnia who inherited most of the Army's resources. In response to that support, the UN imposed sanctions against the Federal Republic Yugoslavia in May 1992,[74] which led to the country's political isolation, economic decline and the hyperinflation of the Yugoslav dinar. The country managed to permanently recover from the inflation problem in 1996.
Multiparty democracy was introduced in Serbia in 1990, officially dismantling the single-party system. Critics of Milošević claimed that the government continued to be authoritarian despite constitutional changes, as Milošević maintained strong political influence over the state media.[75][76] Milošević issued media blackouts of independent media stations' coverage of protests against his government and restricted freedom of speech through reforms to the Serbian Penal Code which issued criminal sentences on anyone who "ridiculed" the government and its leaders, resulting in many people being arrested who opposed Milošević and his government.[77]
When the ruling SPS refused to accept its defeat in municipal elections in 1996, Serbians engaged in large protests against the government. Between 1998 and 1999, peace was broken again, when the situation in Kosovo worsened with continued clashes between Yugoslav security forces and the KLA. The confrontations led to the Kosovo War.[citation needed]
File:Otpor.png
Otpor! (English: Resistance!) greatly contributing to Slobodan Milošević's overthrow, and later has become the model for similar movements around the world.[78][79][80]
In September 2000, opposition parties accused Milošević of electoral fraud. A campaign of civil resistance followed, led by the Democratic Opposition of Serbia, a broad coalition of anti-Milošević parties. This culminated on 5 October when half a million people from all over the country congregated in Belgrade, compelling Milošević to concede defeat.[81] The fall of Milošević ended Yugoslavia's international isolation. Milošević was sent to the ICTY. The DOS announced that FR Yugoslavia would seek to join the European Union. In 2003, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was renamed Serbia and Montenegro and the EU opened negotiations with the country for the Stabilization and Association Agreement. On 21 May 2006, Montenegro held a referendum to determine whether or not to end its union with Serbia. The next day, state-certified results showed 55.4% of voters in favor of independence, which was just above the 55% required by the referendum.
Serbia's political climate has remained tense. In 2003, the prime minister Zoran Đinđić was assassinated as result of a plot originating from circles of organized crime and former security officials. Pro- and anti-EU political forces in Serbia have remained sharply divided on the political course of Serbia in regards to its relations with the European Union.
On 5 June 2006, the National Assembly of Serbia declared Serbia to be the legal successor to the former state union.[82] In April 2008 Serbia was invited to join the intensified dialogue programme with NATO despite the diplomatic rift with the alliance over Kosovo.[83] Serbia officially applied for the European Union membership in December 2009 and became an official candidate in March 2012.[6][84][85]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Serbia
Located at the crossroads between Central and Southern Europe Serbia is found in the Balkan peninsula and the Pannonian Plain. Including Kosovo, it lies between latitudes 41° and 47° N, and longitudes 18° and 23° E. The country has several notable topographical features: the Pannonian Plain (mainly Vojvodina) and river lowlands, the Balkan and Carpathian Mountains, the Dinaric Alps, along with hillside streching across central part of Serbia. The Danube passes through Serbia with 21% of its overall length, joined by its biggest tributaries, the Sava and Tisza rivers.[86] The province of Vojvodina covers the northern third of the country, and is entirely located within the Central European Pannonian Plain. Dinaric Alps, gradually rising towards south, cover most of western and central Serbia. The easternmost tip of Serbia extends into the Wallachian Plain. The eastern border of the country intersects with the Carpathian Mountain range,[87] which run through the whole of Central Europe.
The Southern Carpathians meet the Balkan Mountains, following the course of the Great Morava, a 500 km long river. The Midžor peak is the highest point in eastern Serbia at 2156 m. In the southeast, the Balkan Mountains meet the Rhodope Mountains. The Šar Mountains of Kosovo form the border with Albania, with one of the highest peaks in the region, Đeravica, reaching 2656 meters at its peak. Dinaric Alps of Serbia follow the flow of the Drina river, overlooking the Dinaric peaks on the opposite shore in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Serbia
On the macro-level, the climate of Serbia is under the influences of the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea and the landmass of Eurasia. With mean January temperatures around 0 °C (32 °F), and mean July temperatures around 22 °C (72 °F), it can be classified as transitional between oceanic (Köppen climate classification Cfb), humid subtropical (Cfa) and humid continental (Dfa).[88] Rainfall patterns are well-distributed and average about 50 mm/month.
In the north, the climate is more continental, with cold winters, and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall patterns. In the south, summers and autumns are drier, and winters are relatively cold, with heavy inland snowfall in the mountains. Differences in elevation, proximity to the Adriatic Sea and large river basins, as well as exposure to the winds account for climate variations.[89] South and South-west Serbia are subject to Mediterranean influences.[90] However, the Dinaric Alps and other mountain ranges contribute to the cooling of most of the warm air masses. Winters are quite harsh in the Pešter plateau, because of the mountains which encircle it.[91]
The average annual air temperature for the period 1961–90 for the area with an altitude of up to 300 m (984 ft) is 10.9 °C (51.6 °F). The areas with an altitude of 300 to 500 m (984 to 1,640 ft) have an average annual temperature of around 10.0 °C (50.0 °F), and over 1,000 m (3,281 ft) of altitude around 6.0 °C (42.8 °F).[92] The lowest recorded temperature in Serbia was −39.5 °C (−39.1 °F) on 13 January 1985, Karajukića Bunari in Pešter, and the highest was 44.9 °C or 112.8 °F, on 24 July 2007, recorded in Smederevska Palanka.[93]
Biodiversity and ecology[link]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121101032441/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
Over 31% of Serbia is covered by forest.[94] National parks take up 10% of the country's territory.[95] Serbia has 5 national parks and 22 nature reserves.
The NATO bombings of 1999 caused lasting damage to the environment of Serbia, with several thousand tons of toxic chemicals stored in targeted factories being released into the soil, atmosphere and water basins affecting humans and the local wildlife (see Environmental issues in Serbia).
Recycling is still a fledgeling activity in Serbia, with only 15% of its waste being turned back for re-use.[96]
Hydrography[link]
Main articles: List of rivers of Serbia and List of lakes in Serbia
Spanning over 588 kilometers across Serbia, the Danube river is the largest source of fresh water. Other main rivers are Sava, Morava, Tisa, Drina and Ibar. Almost all of Serbia's rivers drain to the Black Sea, by way of the Danube river. One notable exception is the Pčinja which flows into the Aegean. The largest natural lake is Belo Jezero, located in Vojvodina, covering 25 square kilometers. The largest artificial reservoir, the Iron Gate (Đerdap), has a total area of 253 square kilometers divided by Romania and Serbia, with 163 square kilometers on the Serbian side. The largest waterfall, Jelovarnik, located in Kopaonik, is 71 meters high.
 |
 |
|
|
Great Morava, view from Lapovo.
|
Tara National park, view of Drina.
|
| River | Km in Serbia | Total length (km) |
Number of countries | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Danube | 588 | 2783 | 9 |
| 2 | Great Morava | 493 | 493 | 1 |
| 3 | Ibar | 250 | 272 | 2 |
| 4 | Drina | 220 | 346 | 3 |
| 5 | Sava | 206 | 945 | 4 |
| 6 | Timok | 202 | 202 | 1 |
| 7 | Tisa | 168 | 966 | 4 |
| 8 | Nišava | 151 | 218 | 2 |
| 9 | Tamiš | 118 | 359 | 2 |
| 10 | Begej | 75 | 244 | 2 |
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Serbia
Serbia is a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. The unicameral National Assembly is composed of 250 proportionally elected members who serve four year terms. Executive authority is exercised by the prime minister and cabinet members. The president is the head of state, and is elected by popular vote. The post of president is largely a ceremonial role with no executive, legislative, or judicial authority.
The latest general election was held on 6 May 2012. The coalition dubbed Let's Get Serbia Moving led by the Serbian Progressive Party, claimed victory, but was significantly short of an absolute majority. Tomislav Nikolic of the Serbian Progressive Party is the president-elect having won the 2012 presidential election.[97]
Since 1999, the territory of Kosovo has officially been administered by UNMIK as per UNSC Resolution 1244, of the United Nations. The Provisional Institutions of Self-Government, has an assembly and a president. Although the assembly has declared independence from Serbia, Serbia does not recognize the declaration and considers the act illegal and illegitimate.
Administrative divisions[link]
Main article: Administrative divisions of Serbia
Serbia is organized into 5 distinct regions: Vojvodina, Belgrade, Šumadija and Western Serbia, Southern and Eastern Serbia and Kosovo and Metohija.[98][99] In addition, the regions of Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija are also autonomous provinces.[100] Belgrade is a separate territorial unit established by the Constitution and law,[99] while Šumadija and Western Serbia and Southern and Eastern Serbia are directly subordinated to country authorities. The area that lied between Vojvodina and Kosovo was officially called Central Serbia before 2009. Central Serbia was not an administrative division (unlike the provinces), and it had no regional authority of its own. Since 7 April 2010, the former territory of Central Serbia has officially been divided into 3 regions: Belgrade, Šumadija and Western Serbia, and Southern and Eastern Serbia.
Serbia is further organized into 150 municipalities and 24 cities, which form the most basic units of local self-government.[100] Of the 150 municipalities, 47 are located in Southern and Eastern Serbia, 52 in Šumadija and Western Serbia, 39 in Vojvodina and 28 (de facto 37) in Kosovo.Of the 24 cities, 6 are in Southern and Eastern Serbia, 10 in Šumadija and Western Serbia, 6 in Vojvodina, 1 in Kosovo, and 1 (Belgrade) has a status of separate territorial unit.[100] Municipalities and cities are gathered into districts, which are regional centers of state authority, but have no assemblies of their own; they present purely administrative divisions. Serbia is organized into 29 districts (8 in Šumadija and Western Serbia, 9 in Southern and Eastern Serbia, 7 in Vojvodina and 5 in Kosovo), while the city of Belgrade presents a district of its own.[101]
Foreign relations[link]
Main article: Foreign relations of Serbia
Serbia has a network of 64 embassies, 22 Consulates-Generals in 14 countries, 3 permanent representations to the United Nations and to several other institutions, abroad.[102] Serbia hosts 65 foreign embassies, 5 Consulates-Generals and 4 Liaison offices. Serbia also hosts representatives of the Palestinian National Authority and Sovereign Military Order of Malta and 13 Honorary Consuls, some accredited as Ambassadors.[103] Serbia inherited about a third of the diplomatic facilities that belonged to the former Yugoslavia.
Serbia is a member of major international organizations such as: the UN, the Council of Europe, OSCE, Interpol, World Bank, Partnership for Peace, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, World Tourism Organization, Universal Postal Union, World Confederation of Labor, World Customs Organization, World Meteorological Organization and World Health Organization.
Foreign relations of Republic of Serbia are regulated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since 2007, ministry has been headed by Vuk Jeremić. Serbia has inherited the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, along with all of its holdings, after the dissolution of the previous state union with Montenegro. Serbian foreign ministries continue to serve citizens of the Republic of Montenegro in countries that do not have Montenegrin diplomatic presence. Former president of Serbia, Boris Tadić referred to relations with the European Union, Russia, the United States and China as "four pillars" of foreign policy.[104]
On February 17, 2008, the former province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia, forming the Republic of Kosovo in the process. Serbia, together with Russia, China and many others do not recognize Kosovo as an independent state. Serbia has vowed to fight Kosovo's admission to international organizations. The Republic of Kosovo does not have and has not applied for United Nations membership as of yet, and has no current prospects of ever becoming a member of the United Nations at all.[105] Serbia, in response to nations which have recognized Kosovo as an independent nation, has consistently recalled its ambassadors to these nations for some time, in an act of protest.[106]
Serbia doesn't deal directly with the Republic of Kosovo, but only through the international intermediaries UNMIK[107] and EULEX.[108]
Series of status neutral talks between the Republic of Serbia and partially recognised Republic of Kosovo are held in Brussels, mediated by the EU.
Serbia officially applied for European Union membership on 22 December 2009.[109] The European Commission recommended making it an official candidate on 12 October 2011, following its successful application for the EU membership. Despite its setbacks in the political field, on 7 December 2009 the EU unfroze the trade agreement with Serbia[110] and the Schengen countries dropped the visa requirement for Serbian citizens on 19 December 2009.[111]
As of July 2011, Serbia has completed the cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, and Goran Hadžić became the last indicted fugitive to be arrested.[112]
Serbia received a full candidate status on 1 March 2012.[113] The government of Serbia has set a goal for EU accession in 2014, as per the Papandreou plan - Agenda 2014.[114][115]
Military[link]
Main article: Military of Serbia
Serbian Armed Forces are subordinate to the Ministry of Defence, and are divided into Army (includes River Flotilla on the Danube), Serbian Air Force and Air Defence and the Training Command. Established in 1912 Serbian Air Force and Air Defence, is one of the oldest air forces in the world.[116] As a landlocked country, Serbia has no navy, but operates a river fleet as a separate service. The Chief of the General Staff, which reports to the Defence Minister, is the Chief of the General Staff of the Military of Serbia. He is appointed by the President of Serbia, who is the commander-in-chief.
The wars and crises of the 1990s have depleted the army, which has since suffered from a lack of funding and low enrollment rates. In 2006, with the separation of Serbia and Montenegro, the armed forces of the federation had 65,700 troops,[117] while in 2009 their number had fallen to 30,000. Military spending declined from about 5% of the GDP 1990.[118] However, despite the shortfalls of the past two decades, the Serbian military is still the most powerful and capable military in the region and is in the higher end of European militaries.
Serbia's current defence spending stands at 2.08% of the GDP,[119] this represents a drop in overall relation to the GDP as a percentage. Over 30% of the budget is spent on pensions alone.[120] The continuing drive to modernize the military will add onto costs in the future. The number of active personnel has been significantly reduced from pre-2004 levels. As of 2011, over 90% of the armed forces are composed of professional soldiers and volunteers.[121]
As of 1 January 2011, Serbia no longer practises mandatory military service. Prior to this, mandatory military service lasted 6 months for men. Conscientious objectors could however opt for 9 months of civil service instead.[122]
Serbia participates in the Partnership for Peace program, but so far has shown no intention of full integration into NATO, due to significant social rejection, largely derived from the NATO bombing in 1999.[123] The country has also signed the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe and the anti-landmine treaty in Ottawa, and participate in peacekeeping missions of the UN in DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Liberia and Chad. Serbia follows the doctrine of armed neutrality. Serbia also practices the doctrine of civilian control of the military, vesting responsibility of the military in the citizens. Serbia does not maintain a military presence in the disputed territory of Kosovo. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 gives UNMIK temporary administrative control of Kosovo from Serbia.
Serbia is the largest exporter and producer of military hardware in the region. Serbian military exports were 500 million U.S. dollars alone in 2009.[124] Serbia exports across the world, notably to Libya, the USA, Iraq and other countries.[125] The Serbian military industry has seen significant growth over the years and it continues to grow.[126][127]
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Serbia
| Ethnic composition (2002) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serb |
|
82.9% | ||
| Hungarian |
|
3.9% | ||
| Bosniak |
|
1.8% | ||
| Roma |
|
1.4% | ||
| Yugoslav |
|
1.1% | ||
| Other |
|
8.9% | ||
As of January 2011, Serbia (without Kosovo) had an estimated population of 7,276,195 (not including over 200,000 internally displaced persons from Kosovo, who will be counted as a permanent population in the next census, taking place in 2011).[128] The 2002 census was not conducted in Kosovo, which was under United Nations administration at the time. According to CIA estimates, Kosovo has around 1.8 million inhabitants, the majority of them Albanian with Kosovo Serbs coming in second.[129]
Serbs are the largest ethnic group in Serbia, representing 83% of the total population, excluding Kosovo. With a population of 290,000, Hungarians are the second largest ethnic group in Serbia, representing 3.9% (and 14.3% of the population in Vojvodina). Other minority groups include Bosniaks, Roma, Albanians, Croats, Bulgarians, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Slovaks, Vlachs, Romanians,[1] and Chinese.[130] According to UN estimates, around 500,000 Roma live in Serbia.[131] The German minority in the northern province of Vojvodina was more numerous in the past (336,430 in 1900, or 23.5% of Vojvodina's population).[132]
Serbia has the largest refugee population in Europe.[133] Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Serbia form between 7% and 7.5% of its population – about half a million refugees sought refuge in the country following the series of Yugoslav wars, mainly from Croatia, and to a lesser extent from Bosnia and Herzegovina and the IDPs from Kosovo, which are currently the most numerous at over 200,000.
Meanwhile, it is estimated that 300,000 people left Serbia during the 1990s alone, and around 20% of those had college or higher education.[134][135] Serbia has a comparatively old overall population (among the 10 oldest in the world), mostly due to low birth rates. In addition, Serbia has among the most negative population growth rates in the world, ranking 225th out of 233 countries overall.[136]
Largest cities[link]
Main article: List of cities in Serbia
| Largest cities or towns of Serbia | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City name | District | Urban population | Municipal population | ||||||
| 1 | Belgrade | City of Belgrade | 1,154,589 | 1,639,121 | ||||||
| 2 | Novi Sad | South Bačka District | 221,854 | 335,701 | ||||||
| 3 | Niš | Nišava District | 182,208 | 257,867 | ||||||
| 4 | Kragujevac | Šumadija District | 147,281 | 177,468 | ||||||
| 5 | Subotica | North Bačka District | 96,483 | 140,358 | ||||||
| 6 | Zrenjanin | Central Banat District | 75,743 | 122,714 | ||||||
| 7 | Pančevo | South Banat District | 73,992 | 122,252 | ||||||
| 8 | Čačak | Moravica District | 72,148 | 114,809 | ||||||
| 9 | Kraljevo | Raška District | 63,030 | 124,554 | ||||||
| 10 | Smederevo | Podunavlje District | 63,028 | 107,528 | ||||||
| 11 | Novi Pazar | Raška District | 60,638 | 92,766 | ||||||
| 12 | Leskovac | Jablanica District | 59,610 | 143,962 | ||||||
| 13 | Valjevo | Kolubara District | 58,184 | 90,301 | ||||||
| 14 | Kruševac | Rasina District | 57,627 | 127,429 | ||||||
| 15 | Vranje | Pčinja District | 54,456 | 82,782 | ||||||
| 16 | Šabac | Mačva District | 52,822 | 115,347 | ||||||
| 17 | Užice | Zlatibor District | 52,199 | 78,018 | ||||||
| 18 | Sombor | West Bačka District | 47,485 | 85,569 | ||||||
| 19 | Požarevac | Braničevo District | 42,963 | 74,070 | ||||||
| 20 | Pirot | Pirot District | 38,432 | 57,911 | ||||||
| Source: 2011 census | ||||||||||
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in Serbia
For several centuries straddling the religious boundary between Orthodoxy and Catholicism, joined up later by Islam, Serbia remains one of the religiously more diverse countries on the continent. While formation of the nation-state and turbulent history of 19th and 20th century has left its traces on the religious landscape of the country: as of 2002, Vojvodina was 68.97% Orthodox, 19.11% Catholic and 3.55% Protestant, while Central Serbia and Belgrade regions were over 90% Orthodox Christian.[1] Kosovo consists of an 89% Albanian Muslim majority.
| Religious groups in Serbia (excluding Kosovo) in 2002[1] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orthodoxy |
|
84.1% | ||
| Catholicism |
|
6.24% | ||
| Islam |
|
3.42% | ||
| Protestantism |
|
1.44% | ||
Among the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Serbian Orthodox Church is the largest in the country. According to the 2002 Census,[137] 82% of the population of Serbia, excluding Kosovo, or 6,2 million people declared their nationality as Serbian, who are overwhelmingly adherents of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Other Orthodox Christian communities in Serbia include Romanians, Vlachs, Macedonians and Bulgarians. Together they comprise about 84% of the entire population.
Roman Catholicism is mostly present in Vojvodina, especially its northern part, which is home to minority ethnic groups such as Hungarians, Croats, Bunjevci, as well as to some Slovaks and Czechs. There are an estimated 388,000 baptized Roman Catholics in Serbia, roughly 6.2% of the population, mostly in northern Serbia.[1]
Protestantism accounts for about 1.1% of the country's population, chiefly among Slovaks in Vojvodina as well as among one number of Reformist Hungarians and Vojvodinian Serbs. Islam has a strong historic following in the southern regions of Serbia – southern Raška and Preševo Valley municipalities in the south-east. Bosniaks are the largest Islamic community in Serbia with 140,000 followers or 2% of the total population, followed by Albanians.[1]
With the exile of Jews from Spain during the Inquisition era, thousands made their way through Europe to the Balkans, some of which settled in Serbia. They were well-accepted and in the ensuing generations the majority assimilated or became secular. Later on, the wars that ravaged the region resulted in a great part of the Jewish Serbian population emigrating from the region. Today, there are approximately 1,185 Jewish Serbians living in Serbia today. The only functioning synanogue remains the Belgrade Synagogue, which was saved from destruction, at the hands of the Nazis, by the local population during World War II.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Serbia
Serbia has a transitional economy mostly dominated by services, manufacturing and agriculture. The economy is heavily reliant on exports and foreign investment. Since 2000, Serbia has attracted over $20 billion USD in foreign direct investment (FDI).[138] Although average GDP growth over ten years has been 4.45% per year, Serbia suffers from a high unemployment rate (23.7% as of February 2012) and an unfavorable trade deficit.[139]
GDP (PPP) for 2012 is estimated at $80.282 billion[3] or $10,811 per capita (PPP), Serbia is an upper-middle income economy.[140] According to Eurostat data, Serbian (PPP) GDP per capita stood at 35% of the EU average in 2010.[141]
Serbia has free-trade agreements with the EFTA and CEFTA, a preferential trade regime with the European Union, a Generalized System of Preferences with the United States, and free-trade agreement with Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Turkey.[142]
Serbia grows about one-third of the world's raspberries and is a leading exporter of frozen fruit.[143]
In July 2010, the credit rating agency Dun & Bradstreet rated Serbia's economy at DB4d, which remained the same since the last rating. There was expressed concern for the slower-than-expected recovery of the economy from the global financial crisis, along with the continuous high business risk due lowered credit capabilities, increasing company bankruptcy and generally poor economic prospects. The Agency also expressed concern for the high credit debt and large number of foreign banks in the financial sector, creating an increased risk of instability.[144]
Energy[link]
See also: Wind power in Serbia
Most of the energy is currently produced comes from coal or hydroelectric dams. Energy consumption is expected to exceed energy production by 2012 and Elektroprivreda Srbije, Serbia's largest energy producer, is expected to develop Đerdap III, a hydroelectric dam with approximately 2.4 gigawatts of power.[145]
Naftna Industrija Srbije (NIS), Serbia's largest petroleum producer, was acquired by Russian energy giant Gazprom Neft. The two companies, are planning to build the Serbian portion of the South Stream gas pipeline. The two companies are also building a 300 million cubic meter gas storage at Banatski Dvor, located approximately 60 kilometers northeast of Novi Sad. The South Stream gas pipeline project will be the largest since the 19th century railway construction through Serbia.
Transport[link]
Main article: Transport in Serbia
The Morava valley route, running across the country in north-south direction, is the easiest route of travel from continental Europe to Greece and Asia Minor. European routes E65, E70, E75 and E80, as well as the E662, E761, E762, E763, E771, and E851 pass through the country. The E70 (westwards from Belgrade), E75 (from Hungarian border to Leskovac), a short segment of E80 (to Niš) as well as smaller road segments including parts of the Belgrade bypass are modern highways of motorway / autobahn standard. Many new motorways (most of which belong to the E road network) are currently being built. Serbia plans to greatly expand its motorway network in the near future. Currently the main motorway construction projects in Serbia are following the routes of Pan-European corridors.
There are four international airports in Serbia: Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, Niš Constantine the Great Airport, Vršac International Airport and Pristina International Airport.
As of 2010, Serbia has 1,953,061 registered cars, 40,129 motorcycles, 9,201 buses, 172,799 trucks, 23,552 special transport vehicles (2009 info), 239,295 tractors and 99,025 trailers.[146]
Although landlocked, there are around 2000 km of navigable rivers and canals, the largest of which are: the Danube, Sava, Tisa, joined by the Timiş River and Begej, all of which connect Serbia with Northern and Western Europe through the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal and North Sea route, to Eastern Europe via the Tisa, Timiş, Begej and Danube Black Sea routes, and to Southern Europe via the Sava river. The two largest Serbian cities – Belgrade and Novi Sad, as well as Smederevo – are major regional Danubian harbours.[147]
Telecommunication[link]
Main article: Telecommunications in Serbia
89% of households in Serbia have fixed telephone lines, and with over 9.60 million users the number of cell-phones surpasses the number of total population of Serbia itself by 30%. The largest cellphone provider is Telekom Srbija with 5.65 million subscribers, followed by Telenor with 3.1 million users and Vip mobile with just over 1 million.[148] 52.1% of households have computers, 41.2% use the Internet, and around 45%-50% (estimate) have cable TV, which puts the country ahead of certain member states of the EU.[149][150][151] Serbia is ranked 57th in the world in terms of Internet usage out of 216 states.[152] 55.9% of the population uses the internet, placing Serbia ahead of all Balkan countries.[153]
Tourism[link]
Main article: Tourism in Serbia
Tourism in Serbia mainly focuses on the villages and mountains of the country.[citation needed] The most famous mountain resorts are Zlatibor, Kopaonik, and the Tara. There are also many spas in Serbia, one the biggest of which is Vrnjačka Banja. Other spas include Soko Banja and Niška Banja. There is a significant amount of tourism in the largest cities like Belgrade, Novi Sad and Niš, but also in the rural parts of Serbia like the volcanic wonder of Đavolja varoš,[154] Christian pilgrimage to the many Serbian monasteries across the country[155] and the cruises along the Danube, Sava or Tisza. There are several popular festivals held in Serbia, such as EXIT, proclaimed to be the best European festival by UK Festival Awards 2007 and Yourope, the European Association of the 40 largest festivals in Europe and the Guča trumpet festival. 2,2 million tourists visited Serbia in 2007, a 15% increase compared to 2006.
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Serbia
Education in Serbia is regulated by the Ministry of Science and Education. Education starts in either pre-schools or elementary schools. Children enroll in elementary schools at the age of seven, and remain there for eight years. After compulsory education students have the opportunity to either attend a high school for another four years, specialist school, for 2 to 4 years, or to enroll in vocational training, for 2 to 3 years. Following the completion of high school or a specialist school, students have the opportunity to attend university.
The largest public universities in Serbia are:
- University of Belgrade
- University of Kragujevac
- University of Niš
- University of Novi Sad
- University of Pristina
The University of Belgrade is the oldest and currently the largest university in Serbia. Established in 1808, it has 31 faculties, and since its inception, has trained an estimated 330,000 graduates. Other universities with a significant number of faculty and alumni are those of Novi Sad (founded 1960), Kragujevac (founded 1976) and Niš (founded 1965).
The roots[citation needed] of the Serbian education system date back to the 11th and 12th centuries when the first Catholic colleges were founded in Titel and Bač. With the establishment of the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Serbian Kingdom in 1217, education was mostly conducted through the monasteries of Sopoćani, Studenica, and Patriarchate of Peć. The oldest college faculty within the current borders dates back to 1778; founded in the city of Sombor, then Habsburg Empire, it was known under the name Norma and was the oldest Slavic Teacher's college in Southern Europe.[citation needed]
Science and technology[link]
Serbia has a rich tradition of contributing to the field of science and technology. Scientist, inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla patented numerous inventions and was an important contributor to the birth of commercial electricity in the United States. Other notable Serbian scientists and inventors were Mihajlo Pupin and Milutin Milanković.
- Nikola Tesla was famous for developing the AC motor, the bifilar coil, various devices that used rotating magnetic fields, the alternating current polyphase power distribution systems, the fundamental devices of systems of wireless communication (legal priority for the invention of radio), radio frequency oscillators, devices for voltage magnification by standing waves, robotics, logic gates for secure radio frequency communications, devices for x-rays, apparatus for ozone generation,[156] devices for ionized gases, devices for high field emission, devices for charged particle beams, methods for providing extremely low level of resistance to the passage of electrical current,[157] means for increasing the intensity of electrical oscillations, voltage multiplication circuitry, devices for high voltage discharges, devices for lightning protection and VTOL aircraft. He also invented the Tesla coil[158] and the Tesla turbine . The Tesla is the SI derived unit of magnetic flux density and was named after Tesla.[159]
- Mihailo Petrović is known for having contributed significantly to differential equations and phenomenology, as well as inventing one of the first prototypes of an analog computer.
- Milutin Milanković is known for his theory of ice ages, suggesting a relationship between the Earth's long-term climate changes and periodic changes in its orbit, now known as Milankovitch cycles.
- Mihajlo Pupin discovered a means of means of greatly extending the range of long-distance telephone communication by placing loading coils of wire (known as Pupin coils) at predetermined intervals along the transmitting wire (known as "pupinization").[160]
- Miodrag Radulovacki is best known for postulating the Adenosine Sleep Theory in 1984.[161]
- Josif Pančić discovered and identified the Serbian Spruce in 1875.[162]
- Jovan Cvijić is considered the founder of geography in Serbia. In more than 30 years of intense scientific study, Cvijić published vast number of significant works, many of which have not lost value even today. He founded the Faculty of Philosophy's Geographical institute in 1923, the first establishment of that type in Balkans.
Culture[link]
Main articles: Serbian culture and Cultural Heritage of Serbia
For centuries straddling the boundaries between East and West, Serbia had been divided among: the Eastern and Western halves of the Roman Empire; then between Kingdom of Hungary, Bulgarian Empire, Frankish Kingdom and Byzantium; and then between the Ottoman Empire and the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, as well as Venice in the south. These overlapping influences have resulted in cultural varieties throughout Serbia and the Serbian-inhabited regions; its north leaning to the profile of Central Europe, while the south being characteristic of the wider Balkans and the Mediterranean.
The Byzantine influence on Serbia was profound, firstly through the introduction of Eastern Christianity (Orthodoxy) in the Early Middle Ages. The Serbian Orthodox Church has had an enduring status in Serbia, with the many Serbian monasteries constituting the most valuable cultural monuments left from Serbia in the Middle Ages.
Serbia has a total of eight sites on the UNESCO World Heritage list: The Early Medieval capital Stari Ras and the 13th-century monastery Sopoćani, and the 12th-century monastery Studenica, and the endangered Medieval Monuments in Kosovo group, comprising the monasteries of Visoki Dečani, Our Lady of Ljeviš, Gračanica and Patriarchate of Peć (former seat of the Serbian Church, mausoleum of Serbian royalty) and finally the Roman estate of Gamzigrad–Felix Romuliana. There are two literary memorials on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme: The 12th-century Miroslav Gospel, and scientist Nikola Tesla's valuable archive.
Serbia has a well-established theatrical tradition with many theaters. The Serbian National Theatre was established in 1861. The Belgrade International Theatre Festival, founded in 1967, is one of the oldest theatre festivals in the world, and it has become one of the five most important and biggest European festivals. The Serbian cinema is one of the oldest in the Balkans, having its foundation in 1896 with the release of the oldest movie in the Balkans, "Život i dela besmrtnog vožda Karađorđa", a biography about Karađorđe.[163][164]
The most prominent museum in Serbia is the National Museum of Serbia, founded in 1844; it houses a collection of more than 400,000 exhibits, over 5,600 paintings and 8,400 drawings and prints, and includes many foreign masterpiece collections, including Miroslav Gospel. The museum is currently undergoing renovation.
The official language, Serbian, is written in both the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets.
Art[link]
Main article: Serbian art
File:Kosovka devojka.jpg
Kosovo Maiden (1919) by Uroš Predić, based on Serbian epic poetry, which was praised by many famous persons such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Jacob Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen and Carl Spitteler.[165]
There were many famous royal cities and palaces in Serbia at the time of Roman Empire and early Byzantine Empire, traces of which can still be found in Sirmium, Gamzigrad and Justiniana Prima. Serbian medieval monuments, which have survived until today, are mostly monasteries and churches. Most of these monuments have walls painted with frescoes. The most original monument of Serbian medieval art is the Studenica Monastery (built around 1190). This monastery was a model for later monasteries, like: the Mileševa, Sopoćani and Visoki Dečani monasteries. The most famous Serbian medieval fresco is the "Mironosnice na Grobu" (or the "white angel") from the Mileševa monastery.
Icon-painting is also part of Serbian medieval cultural heritage. The influence of Byzantine Art increased after the fall of Constantinople into the hands of the crusaders in the year 1204, when many Byzantine artists fled to Serbia. Their influence is seen in the building of the church Our Lady of Ljeviš and many other buildings, including the Gračanica Monastery. The monastery Visoki Dečani was built between the years 1330 and 1350. Unlike other Serbian monasteries, this one was built in the Romantic style, under the authority of grand master Vita from Kotor. On the frescoes of this monastery, there are some 1,000 portraits depicting the most important episodes from the New Testament.
Another style of Architecture that followed in Serbia was that of the end of the 14th century, near the river Morava (Moravic school). A characteristic of this style was the wealthy decoration of the frontal church-walls.
During the time of Turkish occupation, Serbian art was virtually non-existent, with the exception of several Serbian artists who lived in the lands ruled by the Habsburg Monarchy. Traditional Serbian art showed some Baroque influences at the end of the 18th century as shown in the works of Nikola Nešković, Teodor Kračun, Zaharije Orfelin and Jakov Orfelin. Serbian painting showed the influence of Biedermeier, Neoclassicism, Romanticism and Realism during the 19th century. Some of the most prominent Serbian artists made their works at that time. Anastas Jovanović was a pioneering photographer in Serbia taking photographs of many leading Serbian citizens. Some of the most important Serbian painters of the 20th century were Paja Jovanović, Milan Konjović, Marko Čelebonović, Petar Lubarda, Uroš Predić, Milo Milunović, Vladimir Veličković, Mića Popović, Sava Šumanović and Milena Pavlović-Barili.
Literature[link]
Main article: Serbian literature
The start of Serbian literacy relates to the activity of the brothers Cyril and Methodius in the Balkans. Monuments of Serbian literacy from the early 11th century can be found, written in Glagolitic. Starting in the 12th century, books were written in Cyrillic. From this epoch, the oldest Serbian Cyrillic book editorial are the Miroslav Gospels. The Miroslav Gospels are considered to be the oldest book of Serbian medieval history. Notable medieval authors include Sava Nemanjić, Nun Jefimija, Stefan Lazarević, Constantine of Kostenets and others.
Baroque trends in Serbian literature emerged in the late 17th century. Notable Baroque-influenced authors were Andrija Zmajević, Gavril Stefanović Venclović, Jovan Rajić, Zaharije Orfelin and others. Dositej Obradović was the most prominent figure of the Age of Enlightenment, while the most notable Classicist writer was Jovan Sterija Popović, although his works also contained elements of Romanticism.
In the era of national revival, in the first half of the 19th century, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić collected Serbian folk literature, reformed the Serbian language and spelling and translated the New Testament into Serbian. The first half of the 19th century was dominated by Romanticism, with Branko Radičević, Laza Kostić, Đura Jakšić and Jovan Jovanović Zmaj being the most notable representatives, while the second half of the century was marked by Realist writers such as Milovan Glišić, Laza Lazarević, Simo Matavulj, Stevan Sremac, Branislav Nušić, Radoje Domanović and Borisav Stanković. The 20th century was dominated by the prose writers Isidora Sekulić, Miloš Crnjanski, Ivo Andrić, Branko Ćopić, Meša Selimović, Borislav Pekić, Dobrica Ćosić, Danilo Kiš, Aleksandar Tišma and Milorad Pavić. There were also many valuable poetic achievements, as seen by the writings of Milan Rakić, Jovan Dučić, Desanka Maksimović, Miodrag Pavlović, Vladislav Petković Dis, Branko Miljković, Vasko Popa, and others.
In the last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, the most popular Serbian writers were David Albahari, Milorad Pavić, Momo Kapor, Goran Petrović, Svetlana Velmar-Janković, Svetislav Basara and Zoran Živković.
Music[link]
Main article: Music of Serbia
Serbia has a long tradition in music. Traditional Serbian music include various kinds of bagpipes, flutes, horns, trumpets, lutes, psalteries, drums and cymbals. The kolo is the traditional collective folk dance, which has a number of varieties throughout the regions. The most popular are those from Užice and Morava region. Sung epic poetry has been an integral part of Serbian and Balkan music for centuries. In the highlands of Serbia these long poems are typically accompanied on a one-string fiddle called the gusle, and concern themselves with themes from history and mythology. There are records of gusle (гоусли) being played at the court of the 13th-century Serbian King Stefan Nemanjić.
Composer and musicologist Stevan Stojanović Mokranjac is considered one of the most important founders of modern Serbian music.[166][167] The Serbian composers Petar Konjović, Stevan Hristić and Miloje Milojević, all born in the 1880s, were the most eminent composers of their generation. They maintained the national expression and modernized the romanticism into the direction of impressionism. The best-known composers born around 1910 studied in Europe, mostly in Prague; Ljubica Marić, Stanojlo Rajicić, Milan Ristić who took influence from Schoenberg, Hindemith and Haba. Other famous classical Serbian composers include Isidor Bajić, Stanislav Binički and Josif Marinković.
The former Yugoslav rock scene, which Serbian rock scene was a part of during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, was well developed and covered in the media, which included numerous magazines, radio and TV shows. With the breakout of Yugoslav wars, former Yugoslav rock scene ceased to exist. During the 1990s popularity of rock music declined in Serbia, and although several major mainstream acts managed to sustain their popularity, an underground and independent music scene developed. The first decade of the 21st century saw the revival of the mainstream scene. The most notable Serbian rock acts include Bajaga i Instruktori, Đorđe Balašević, Disciplina Kičme, Ekatarina Velika, Električni Orgazam, Galija, Idoli, Korni Grupa, Partibrejkers, Pekinška Patka, Rambo Amadeus, Riblja Čorba, Smak, Šarlo Akrobata, YU grupa, Van Gogh, and others.
Later, many pop music performers rosed to fame. Željko Joksimović won second place at the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest and Marija Šerifović managed to win the 2007 Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Molitva", and Serbia was the host of the 2008 edition of the Contest.
The so called "novokomponovana muzika" (newly composed music) can be seen as a result of the urbanization of folk music. In its early days, it had a professional approach to performance, used accordion and clarinet and typically included love songs or other simple lyrics. At a later stage, severak popular performers used more influences from pop music, oriental music, and other genres, which led to the emergence of turbo-folk.
Turbo-folk music emerged during the breakup of Yugoslavia. Turbo-folk used Serbian folk music and "novokomponovana" as the basis, and added influences from rock, pop and electronic dance music. In the first decade of the 21st century turbo-folk featured even more pop music elements, and some of the performers were labeled as pop-folk. The most notable Turbo-folk artists include Ceca and Jelena Karleuša.
Balkan Brass, or "truba" (trumpet) is a popular genre that originated during the First Serbian Uprising (1804–1813) with military marching bands that transposed Serbian folk music. Guča trumpet festival is one of the most popular and biggest music festivals in Serbia, with over 300,000 visitors annually.[168]
Cuisine[link]
Main article: Serbian cuisine
Serbian cuisine is a heterogeneous cuisine, sharing characteristics of the Balkans (especially former Yugoslavia), the Mediterranean (especially Greek), Turkish, and Central European (especially Austrian and Hungarian) cuisines. Each region has its own peculiarities and variations. Among traditional Serbian foods are ćevapčići, pljeskavica, sarma, pasulj, burek, gibanica, ajvar. The national drink is Slivovitz (šljivovica).
Sports[link]
Main article: Sport in Serbia
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Sports in Serbia revolve mostly around team sports: football, basketball, volleyball, handball, water polo, and, most recently, tennis.
The two main football clubs in Serbia are Red Star Belgrade and FK Partizan, both from the capital, Belgrade. Red Star is the only Serbian and former Yugoslav club that has won a UEFA competition, winning the 1991 European Cup in Bari, Italy. The same year in Tokyo, Japan, the club won the Intercontinental Cup. Partizan is the first Eastern European football club which played in a European Cup final (in 1966). The matches between the two rival clubs are known as the "Eternal Derby". The Serbia's national football team made their first appearance during the qualifying rounds for Euro 2008 although they did not qualify for the competition. During the qualifying tournament for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Serbia came first in its group, ahead of France and consequently qualified directly for the championship. The Serbian SuperLiga is the highest professional league in the country. The 2010/2011 season champion was FK Partizan, followed by Red Star Belgrade in second place, and FK Vojvodina in third.
Serbia is one of the traditional powerhouses of world basketball, winning various FIBA World Championships, multiple EuroBasket and Olympic medals (albeit as FR Yugoslavia). Serbia's national basketball team is the successor to the successful Yugoslavia national basketball team. Serbia has won FIBA world championships five times and won second place in the 2009 European championship. Serbian basketball players have made a deep impact in history of basketball, having success both in the top leagues of Europe and in the NBA. Serbs that have played in the NBA include: Vlade Divac (FIBA Hall of Fame), Predrag Stojaković, Željko Rebrača, Marko Jarić, Nenad Krstić, Darko Miličić, Vladimir Radmanović, and Serbian American Pete Maravich. In the domestic scene, the Basketball League of Serbia is the highest professional basketball league in Serbia. For the eighth consecutive year, KK Partizan is the reigning champion of the league, followed by rivals KK Crvena Zvezda. KK Partizan was the European champion in 1992 with the curiosity of winning the title, although playing all but one of the games (crucial quarter-final game vs. Knorr) away from home; FIBA decided not to allow teams from Former Yugoslavia play their home games at their home venues, because of the open hostilities in the region. KK Partizan was not allowed to defend their title in the 1992–1993 season, because of U.N.-imposed sanctions.
Serbian tennis players Novak Djoković, Ana Ivanović, Jelena Janković, Nenad Zimonjić, Janko Tipsarević and Viktor Troicki are very successful and their success has led to a popularisation of tennis in Serbia. Djoković, in particular, is very popular and is currently the # 1 tennis player in the ATP Rankings. He was also the founder of the first ATP tennis tournament in the country, the Serbia Open. Other well-known players are Serbian-born players are Monika Seles, Jelena Dokić and Slobodan Živojinović. The Serbia men national team won the 2010 Davis Cup.
Serbia and Italy were host nations at 2005 Men's European Volleyball Championship. The Serbia men's national volleyball team is the direct descendant of Yugoslavia men's national volleyball team. Serbia won the bronze medal at the 2007 Men's European Volleyball Championship held in Moscow, Russia.
The Serbia men's national water polo team recently won the 2009 World Championships in Rome, Italy. Serbia has won four European Championships (2001, 2003, 2006 and 2012), finished as runner-up in 2008, won two World Championships (2005 and 2009) and won bronze medal at 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing.
Milorad Čavić and Nađa Higl in swimming, Olivera Jevtić, Dragutin Topić in athletics, Aleksandar Karakašević in table tennis, Jasna Šekarić in shooting are also very popular athletes in Serbia.
See also[link]
 |
Book: Serbia |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
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Sources[link]
- Ćorović, Vladimir (1941). "Iсторија српског народа (Istorija srpskog naroda)" (in Serbian). Internet, 2001). Пројекат Растко: Библиотека српске културе; Proјekat Rastko: Biblioteka srpske kulture. http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-bl/istorija/corovic/istorija/index_l.html.
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- Fine, John Van Antwerp (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
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This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Library of Congress Country Studies.- This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the CIA World Factbook.
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| Željko Joksimović Жељко Јоксимовић |
|
|---|---|
.jpg) Željko Joksimović (2008) |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1972-04-20) 20 April 1972 (age 40) Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia |
| Origin | Valjevo |
| Genres | Pop, rock |
| Occupations | Singer, composer, musician |
| Labels | Minacord |
| Website | www.zeljkojoksimovic.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| plays 11 different musical instruments | |
Željko Joksimović or often credited Zeljko Joksimovic (Serbian: Жељко Јоксимовић, pronounced [ʒěːʎko jôksimoʋitɕ]; born 20 April 1972 in Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Serbian singer, composer and producer. He is also well known in all European countries. He represented Serbia and Montenegro in the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Lane moje", placing 2nd behind Ukrainian singer Ruslana.[1] He represented Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan and finished 3rd.
Contents |
Career[link]
Early beginnings[link]
Željko Joksimović was born on 20 April 1972 in Belgrade and grew up in the city of Valjevo.[2] Željko’s first international success came at the age of 12, when he won the title of First Accordion of Europe at the prestigious music festival in Paris. He graduated from the Music University in Belgrade and launched his professional music career in 1997. In 1998 he won a contest at the Pjesma Mediterana festival with the song "Pesma Sirena", which led to opportunities to perform at more prestigious festivals in Belarus. The Serbian musician won the "Grand-Prix" award at two festivals in that country.[3] Joksimović can play 11 different musical instruments including accordion, piano, guitar, drums.
Željko is multi-lingual, being fluent in Greek, English, Russian, Polish and French as well as his native Serbian.[4]
[edit] 1999-2004: Amajlija, Vreteno and 111
In 1999, Joksimović signed with City Records, a music label owned by a private Serbian television station RTV Pink. The young singer was promoted then as a folk and pop artist. His first studio album, titled Amajlija, included "Pesma Sirena" along with seven other tracks. His first big success was with the single "Telo Vreteno", written by himself and Dragan Brajić - Braja. The song went to #1 on the Serbian pop music charts, and became very popular in other former Yugoslav countries.
In 2000 Joksimović released his second studio album Vreteno named after a song on the album. Other tracks on the album included "Rintam", "Gadura" and "Petak na subotu". Two music videos were produced for songs on this album.
111 was released in 2002, soaring to #1 on the pop charts of Serbia and other countries of the region.
In 2003, Joksimović wrote the song "Čija Si" for Macedonian music legend Toše Proeski which led him to win Beovizija - The Serbian festival for choosing a representative for the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest. However, Proeski did not go to the contest that year, instead representing his home country Republic of Macedonia with "Life".
2004: Eurovision Song Contest 2004[link]
Serbia and Montenegro, sending an entrant for the first time to 2004 Eurovision Song Contest, decided on their representative through Evropesma 2004, a music festival and contest in Serbia and Montenegro. Joksimović won the contest with "Lane Moje", composed by Željko himself, along with lyricist Leontina Vukomanović.
In the semi-final, Joksimović placed first. However, in the final he placed second behind Ukrainian singer Ruslana, but did win "The Marcel Bezencon Press award" (Best Composer Award). "Lane Moje" was the best selling single in Serbia and Montenegro and other parts of Europe for many months.
[edit] 2004-2007: After Eurovison, IV and Platinum Collection
After the success in the Contest, the same year, Joksimović founded MINACORD PRODUCTION. Since then, he works and composes in his own studio. In middle time he composed and released the single "Ledja o Ledja" which gained a large popularity over the countries where Željko usually performs. In 2005, he once again composed a song for Serbia and Montenegro's national pre-selection for Eurovision called Beovizija. Željko composed the ballad "Jutro" (Morning) which was performed by Jelena Tomašević. The song seemed well-placed to make it to the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 contest in Kiev, after it emerged as the highest-scoring qualifier from the Serbian pre-selection, but ultimately missed out to win. In October 2005, he composed and performed a duet with Austrian singer Tamee Harrison. The song was titled I Live my Life For You" which was a success throughout Europe. Around this time, Željko wrote his first film score. In cooperation with Cobra production he composed music for the movie Ivkova slava (Ivko's fame). The same year he released his fourth studio album "IV" or "Ima nešto u tom što me nećes". In this album he changed the music style that was typical about him. The songs in the album are pop ballads with some ethnic Serbian folk elements. The CD sold over 800,000 copies over former Yugoslavia. In 2006, he composed the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 song Lejla for Bosnia and Herzegovina, performed by Hari Mata Hari. The song finished in third place, making it Bosnia's best performance in the contest. He also won the prestigious Best Composer Award (COMPOSERAWARD 2006), assigned to Željko by all composers who participated in that festival. In 2007 he released his second greatest hits compilation called Platinum Collection. The same year, in front of 18,000 people Joksimović made a concert where he sang all of his hits in the Belgrade Arena.
[edit] 2008-2011: Eurovision hosting and Ljubavi
In early 2008, Željko Joksimović composed a song that was performed by Jelena Tomašević in the Serbian national final for the Eurovision song selection, Beovizija 2008, called "Oro". The song is a folk ballad with traditional folk Serbian elements. Because the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 has been won by Serbia, the contest that year came in the country. On 24 March 2008 it was announced by the 2008 Eurovision organisers RTS that together with Jovana Janković he would host the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 in Belgrade, giving him two roles in the contest.[5] Tomašević's song finished on the 6th place over 25 countries in the final.
After a year of a music pause he released his fifth studio album named Ljubavi (2009) by the production of Minacord and City Records. "Ljubavi" is the name from the pilot single from the album too. The single has a large success in Serbia and the neighboring countries. In early 2010 he released the second single from the album called "Žena Za Sva Vremena".
On June 12, 2010 he performed his biggest concert yet. It was held on the Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which can seat 37,500, though attendance for concerts can be expanded to reach about 80,000, in front of over 40,000 persons.
2012: Eurovision return[link]
On 18 November 2011, it was announced that Joksimović will represent Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan.[6] His song, "Nije Ljubav Stvar", was presented to the public on March 10, 2012. He finished third place and was runner-up.
The Serbian entry at the 57th "Eurovision Song Contest" in Azerbaijan is called "Nije ljubav stvar" a song composed and performed by Željko Joksimović. The lyrics are by Marina Tucaković and Miloš Roganović.
Along with the version in Serbian written by Marina Tucaković and Miloš Roganović, the English version of the song called "Synonym" by Ljilja Jorgovanović has also been presented. The arrangements of both versions were done by Željko Joksimović and Alek Alekov.
Along with Željko Joksimović, the Serbian team on the Eurovision stage in Baku will include members of the "Ad Hoc Orchestra": Ksenija Milošević - violin and backing vocals, Olga Vulović - violin and backing vocals, Miloš Nikolić - kaval and backing vocals, Dušan Alagić - backing vocals and instrumentalist, and Dragan Krstić - percussions and backing vocals.
The postproduction and mastering of "Nije ljubav stvar" in Serbian, and of the "Synonym" version in English was done James Cruz, an award-winning audio-mastering engineer in his New York studio.
Discography[link]
Studio albums[link]
- 1999 Amajlija [City Records]
- 2001 Vreteno [City Records]
- 2002 111 [City Records]
- 2005 IV [City Records]
- 2009 Ljubavi [Minacord]
Live albums[link]
Compilations[link]
Singles[link]
- 2004 Željko Joksimović - Leđa o leđa [City Records]
- 2004 Željko Joksimović - Lane moje CD+DVD [PGP RTS]
- 2004 Željko Joksimović - Lane moje/Goodbye (maxi-single) [Warner Music Group]
- 2005 Željko Joksimović & Tamee Harrison - I live my life for you [Warner Music]
- 2007 Željko Joksimović - Devojka [Minacord]
- 2007 Željko Joksimović - Nije do mene [Minacord]
- 2008 Željko Joksimović - Ono nase sto nekad bejase [Minacord]
Duets[link]
- 2002 Haris Džinović - Šta će meni više od toga
- 2005 Dino Merlin - Supermen
- 2005 Tamee Harrison - I Live My Life For You
Soundtracks[link]
- 2005 "Ivkova slava", (Željko Joksimović, Jelena Tomašević & Nikola Kojo) [Minacord - City Records]
- 2009 "Ranjeni Orao" [Minacord - City Records]
Other works[link]
- 2003 Toše Proeski - Song Cija Si - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic, Album: Den Za Nas/Dan Za Nas
- 2005 Nava Medina - Song: Malah Shomer - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic
- 2005 Jelena Tomasevic - Song: Jutro - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic, Album: Oro [PGP -RTS]
- 2006 Hari Mata Hari - Song: Lejla - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic, Album: Lejla [BiH]
- 2007 Tose Proeski - Song: Nesanica - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic, Album: Igra Bez Granica
- 2009 Halid Bešlić - Song: "Miljacka" - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic, Album: Halid08 Bešlić
- 2008 Jelena Tomasevic - Song: Oro - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic, Album: Oro [PGP -RTS]
- 2008 Eleftheria Arvanitaki - Song: To Telos mas Des - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic, Album: Mirame Universal Music
- 2008 Melina Aslanidou - Song: Poso - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic, Album: Best of - Sto dromo Sony BMG
- 2008 Song: Nikola Tesla (Instrumental)[1] - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic feat. Jelena Tomasevic Album: balkan Routes vol.1:Nikola Tesla[Protasis]
- 2011 Lepa Brena - Song: Biber - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic
- 2011 Lepa Brena - Song: Ne bih bila ja - Composer: Zeljko Joksimovic
References[link]
- ^ http://artists.letssingit.com/zeljko-joksimovic-23nqm/biography
- ^ http://www.bebo.com/Profile.jsp?MemberId=3920143569
- ^ http://www.zeljkojoksimovic.com/
- ^ http://dnevnik.hr/showbizz/glazba/najzgodniji-pjevac-na-balkanu-zeljko-joksimovic-zapalio-arenu.html
- ^ http://www.oikotimes.com/v2/index.php?file=articles&id=2793
- ^ Busa, Alexandru (18 November 2011). "Zeljko Joksimovic to represent Serbia in Baku". ESCToday.com. http://www.esctoday.com/news/read/17838. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
External links[link]
- Željko Joksimović's Official website
- Zeljko Joksimovic Official YouTube
- Željko Joksimović's Official Myspace
- Željko Joksimović's Official facebook
- Radio Lane (Zeljko Joksimovic's radio station)
- [RTS http://www.rts.rs/page/rts/sr/pesma+evrovizije/Pesma-Evrovizije-2012.html ]
- Zeljko Joksimovic's profile on Story Online
- Željko Joksimović lyrics
- RTS ESC Facebook http://www.facebook.com/rts.zeljkojoksimovic?ref=tn_tnmn
See also[link]
- Evropesma
- Serbia and Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest
- Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest
- List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
Preceded by Extra Nenawith Ljubim te pesmama |
Serbia and Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 |
Succeeded by No Name with Zauvijek moja |
Preceded by Mikko Leppilampi & Jaana Pelkonen |
Eurovision Song Contest presenter (with Jovana Janković) 2008 |
Succeeded by Semi-Finals:Natalia Vodianova & Andrey Malahov Final:Alsou & Ivan Urgant |
| Preceded by Fitst title |
Performer of The Best Song in Balkans 2009 |
Succeeded by Aurela Gaçewith Origjinale |
| Preceded by Fitst title |
Best Male Performer in the Balkans 2009 |
Succeeded by Serdar Ortaç |
| Preceded by Nina with Čaroban |
Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 |
Succeeded by [to be determined] |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Željko Joksimović |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Joksimović, Željko |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Serbian singer |
| Date of birth | 20 April 1972 |
| Place of birth | Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia present day Serbia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Željko_Joksimović
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Željko Joksimović
http://es.wn.com/Željko Joksimović
http://ru.wn.com/Йоксимович, Желько
http://nl.wn.com/Željko Joksimović
http://pl.wn.com/Željko Joksimović
http://fr.wn.com/Željko Joksimović
http://de.wn.com/Željko Joksimović
http://pt.wn.com/Željko Joksimović
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Željko_Joksimović
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 Wickham with Ipswich Town |
|||
| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Connor Neil Ralph Wickham[1] | ||
| Date of birth | (1993-03-31) 31 March 1993 (age 19)[1] | ||
| Place of birth | Hereford, England | ||
| Height | 1.89 m (6 ft 2 1⁄2 in)[2] | ||
| Playing position | Striker | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Sunderland | ||
| Number | 10 | ||
| Youth career | |||
| 2002–2006 | Reading | ||
| 2006–2009 | Ipswich Town | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 2009–2011 | Ipswich Town | 65 | (13) |
| 2011– | Sunderland | 15 | (1) |
| National team‡ | |||
| 2008–2009 | England U16 | 2 | (1) |
| 2008–2010 | England U17 | 13 | (9) |
| 2010–2011 | England U19 | 4 | (1) |
| 2010– | England U21 | 5 | (0) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 16:24, 9 April 2012 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals). |
|||
Connor Neil Ralph Wickham (born 31 March 1993) is an English footballer who plays for Sunderland as a striker.
He played youth football at Reading before moving to Ipswich Town in 2006 where he continued in the youth structure. He made his full professional debut for the club in April 2009. He has also played at various levels of international football, scoring the winning goal in the 2010 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Final.
Despite his age, Wickham has already won a number of awards, both personally and within the England national youth set-up.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Wickham was born in Hereford, Herefordshire,[3] the son of an Army Warrant Officer,[4] He attended Philip Morant School in Colchester, where he achieved eight A-C grade GCSEs – as well as being a prominent member of the school football team, where he was a prolific goalscorer from a young age.[4] He played youth football with Reading for four years.[4] Wickham's father is Northern Irish.[5]
Club career[link]
Ipswich Town[link]
2008–09[link]
Wickham made his debut for the Ipswich Town first team on 11 April 2009, aged 16 years and 11 days. He came on as a 66th-minute substitute for Veliče Šumulikoski in a 3–1 home defeat against Doncaster Rovers[6] and in doing so he became Ipswich's youngest ever player, beating the previous record being held by Jason Dozzell by 46 days.[7]
2009–10[link]
Wickham scored his first two senior goals in only his fourth appearance, when he scored in the 11th and 59th minutes in Ipswich's 2009–10 League Cup First Round tie against Shrewsbury Town. He also scored in the penalty shootout, which saw Ipswich prevail 4–2.[8] He scored his first league goal in a 1–0 home victory over Scunthorpe United in March 2010, his winning effort coming deep into injury time.[9] In April 2010, Wickham scored his 2nd league goal, which came in the 90th minute in a 3–1 victory over Derby County. This came two days after he signed his first professional contract at Ipswich, a two-year deal following his 17th birthday.[10]
In April 2010 Wickham was named the Football League young player of the month. He won the award after scoring three goals in four matches during that time.[11] The following month Tottenham Hotspur made offers to buy Wickham, but these were rejected by Ipswich Town.[12]
2010–11[link]
Wickham extended his contract with Ipswich to 2013 in January 2011.[13] It has an offer clause in it which states that if any bid equals or beats the one written in the contract, Ipswich would have to allow him to speak to the bidding club. It was reported that the figure was around the £15 million mark.[14]
On 22 January 2011, Wickham scored Ipswich's second goal, a header, in a 3–2 win over Doncaster Rovers – his first of the season.[15] Two games later, Wickham scored in a 3–0 win over Sheffield United at Portman Road. A clearance of a set piece saw Wickham pass two opponents before wrong-footing Robert Kozluk and goalkeeper Steve Simonsen to tap the ball into the goal.[16] Former Ipswich player, Kevin Beattie witnessed the goal, and described it as one of the greatest goals ever scored at Portman Road.[17] Two weeks later Wickham recorded his first professional hat-trick in a 6–0 win at Doncaster Rovers.[18] Wickham's superb scoring form continued when he scored late in the match against Reading on March 8. With Ipswich already 3–0 down, his goal counted for little, although it was once again a superb finish, as he volleyed a ball that was coming over his shoulder into the top corner of the goal from a tight angle.[19]
On 4 March 2011, Wickham was named Championship player of the month for February after scoring four goals in the month, including his first professional hat-trick at Doncaster.[20] Two weeks later he was named the Football League Young Player of the Year as well as the Championship Apprentice of the Year at the 2011 Football League Awards.[21]
On 2 April 2011, Tottenham Hotspur manager, Harry Redknapp admitted that his side had not made a bid for Wickham. This was despite several reports to the contrary suggesting a bid in the region of £10m had been made.[22] The same day, Wickham scored the second of Ipswich's two goals against Burnley in the Championship, as they won 2–1.[23]
He signed a one-year extension to his contract on 8 April 2011, contracting him to the club until the summer of 2014.[24] Wickham admitted he was delighted to have signed the contract, and said he just wanted to concentrate on achieving his goals with Ipswich, rather than focusing on speculation about his future. He said:
| “ | I’m obviously delighted to have signed a new contract and feel that I’m at the right club to progress as a player. After having a look over the last two years I approached this season wanting to make a real impact. It didn’t start well with me getting injured but I feel I have moved forward as a player since I got back in the side. I’m playing games every week, I’m enjoying my football and the club is moving in the right direction and that’s all I want. | ” |
|
—Connor Wickham, [25] |
||
He scored his next league goal on 7 May away to Leicester City, making the score 3–2 in Leicester's favour.
Sunderland[link]
On 29 June 2011, Wickham signed a four year deal with Premier League club Sunderland for a fee of £8 million. The fee has the potential to rise to £12 million over the course of the contract.[26] Despite having recently signed a new contract with Ipswich, Wickham had been widely tipped to move to a Premier League club following a highly successful 2010–11 season. Although Ipswich manager Paul Jewell had said there was no pressure to sell the youngster, Sunderland's eventual offer proved too lucrative.[27] The fee broke Ipswich's record for transfer fees recouped, and broke the transfer record for a football league player moving to a Premier League club. Ipswich's chief executive Simon Clegg summed it up:
| “ | As much as we would have liked to have kept Connor at Portman Road we have to be realistic and recognise that the offer from Sunderland was simply too good to turn down. | ” |
|
—Simon Clegg, [28] |
||
He scored his first goal for Sunderland in a pre-season friendly against Kilmarnock. Wickham made his first competitive appearance for Sunderland when he came on as a substitute in the 1–0 defeat to Newcastle United in the Tyne–Wear derby on 20 August 2011.[29] He made his first Premier League start for Sunderland on 22 October 2011 where he helped Sunderland secure their second win of the season against Bolton Wanderers.[30]
Wickham scored his first Premier League goal for the Black Cats a week later in the 2–2 draw with Aston Villa. The following week against Manchester United at Old Trafford, Wickham suffered a knee injury and had to be substituted just five minutes into the game.[31]
International career[link]
England U-16[link]
Wickham has represented the England under-16 team and was also on stand-by for the under-17 squad during the 2008–09 season.[32] He won the Victoria Rose Shield with England, scoring in the 2–0 final win over Scotland.
England U-17[link]
On 11 August 2009 Wickham received a call-up to the under-17 squad, for their three game FA International Tournament, which would take place later that month.[33]
In May 2010, Wickham was included in the England U17 squad for the UEFA European U17 Championship in Liechtenstein. He was involved in two of the goals in England's 3–1 win against the Czech Republic in the group stage, with a convincing performance.[34] He then played the full game in the second group match against Greece, once again playing well.[35] Wickham was rested for the final group game of the tournament, but returned to face France in the semi-final. He scored both goals for England in a 2–1 victory, both left-footed, and both in the first half.[36] Wickham scored the winner in a 2–1 victory over Spain in the final. He received the ball on the edge of the box before proceeding to beat two defenders and drill the ball low into the net.[37]
Following the success of Wickham in the England youth set-up, speculation began to mount about him winning a senior cap, and possibly even being included in Fabio Capello's World Cup squad – although seemingly a longshot. Former England defender Russell Osman said:
| “ | Of course people will question why Capello would take Wickham to the World Cup but my reply would be, "Why not?" Sven-Göran Eriksson picked Theo Walcott four years ago and he was 17 with even less experience than Wickham. | ” |
|
—Russell Osman, "[12] |
||
England U-21[link]
On 7 September 2010, England under-21 boss, Stuart Pearce admitted that he had been monitoring Wickham's progress, and that he would consider calling him up to the under-21 squad once he had recovered from injury.[38] On 15 November 2010 Pearce did name Wickham in the under-21's friendly match against Germany on 16 November 2010.[39] In that game he came on as a 66th minute substitute in a 2–0 defeat for England. Following that game, and the important experience Wickham gained, he returned to the England under-19 side. However, it would not be long before he was back in the fold for the under-21's.
On 14 March 2011, it was announced that Wickham had been included in the squad for England's games against Denmark and Iceland.[40] He came on as a substitute in the game against Denmark, which England went on to win 4–0.[41] The following Monday, Wickham started the game in a friendly against Iceland at Deepdale in Preston. It was his first start for the under-21's, and he played the full 90 minutes as England lost the game 2–1 to a very strong Iceland side that consisted of a number of first team regulars. Wickham played as a lone striker in the game.
Prior to the Iceland game, Wickham admitted that he was hopeful of being included in the squad that would play in the summer's Euro 2011 under-21's tournament due to take place in June. Having been an instrumental figure in the success of the under-17's the previous summer, he felt he could repeat the feat at a higher level. He said:
| “ | It would be another summer tournament, and I want to win another tournament. It’ll be different, but if we play to the potential that is in our team we are capable of beating anyone on our day. All the boys have taken me as part of the team and have treated me no differently to anyone else. They are a great bunch of lads and I’d be happy to spend the summer with them. Even just to be selected would be brilliant but to win it would be better. I don’t see why we can’t go on and really push this summer to win the tournament. | ” |
|
—Connor Wickham, [42]" |
||
Career statistics[link]
- As of 10 February 2012
| Season | Club | Division | League | FA Cup | League Cup | FL Trophy | Play-offs | Total | Discipline | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |  |
 |
|||
| 2008–09 | Ipswich Town | Championship | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009–10 | 26 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 29 | 6 | 4 | 0 | ||
| 2010–11 | 37 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 41 | 9 | 5 | 0 | ||
| Ipswich total | 65 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 15 | 9 | 0 | ||
| 2011–12 | Sunderland | Premier League | 13 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sunderland total | 13 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Career total | 78 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 16 | 9 | 0 | ||
Sponsorship[link]
In 2010, Wickham signed a sponsorship deal with British sportswear and equipment supplier, Umbro.[4] He appeared in an advert for the new England kit alongside Wayne Rooney and Joe Hart in September 2010[43] and is one of the flagship wearers of Umbro's GT range of football boots.[44]
Honours[link]
International[link]
- Victory Shield (1): 2008
Personal[link]
- UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Golden Player Award (1): 2010
- Championship Player of the Month (1): February 2011[20]
- Football League Young Player of the Year (1): 2011[45]
- Championship Apprentice Award (1): 2011[46]
References[link]
- ^ a b Hugman, Barry J., ed. (2010). The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11. Mainstream Publishing. p. 436. ISBN 978-1-84596-601-0.
- ^ "Connor Wickham". Sunderland A.F.C.. http://www.safc.com/page/PlayerProfiles/0,,10281~46161,00.html. Retrieved 9 August.
- ^ Morgan, Ian (14 May 2010). "Bright future ahead for Ipswich Town's Connor Wickham". Hereford Times. http://www.herefordtimes.com/sport/other/8166595.Bright_future_ahead_for_Ipswich_Town_s_Connor_Wickham. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d Lansley, Peter (17 May 2010). "Striker Connor Wickham soon to cast aside his L plates". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/football_league/article7128066.ece. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
- ^ Speck, Ivan (16 August 2010). "All the buzz from the Football League: The Irish are coming poaching! Connor Wickham approached by Nigel Worthington". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1303333/The-Irish-coming-poaching-Connor-Wickham-approached-Nigel-Worthington.html. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
- ^ "Ipswich 1–3 Doncaster". BBC Sport. 11 April 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/7978909.stm. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
- ^ "Teenage star set to shine". Evening Star. 24 October 2007. http://www.eveningstar.co.uk/content/eveningstar/news/story.aspx?brand=ESTOnline&category=News&tBrand=ESTOnline&tCategory=News&itemid=IPED25%20Oct%202007%2007%3A06%3A10%3A037. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ "Shrewsbury 3–3 Ipswich". BBC Sport. 13 August 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/8188438.stm. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
- ^ "Ipswich 1–0 Scunthorpe". BBC Sport. 13 March 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/8558495.stm. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- ^ "Connor Signs Two Year Deal". Ipswich Town F.C.. http://www.itfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10272~2014145,00.html. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
- ^ "Wickham Young Player of the Month". TWTD. 17 May 2010. http://www.twtd.co.uk/news.php?storyid=16469. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ^ a b Henderson, Mel (1 June 2010). "Ipswich wonderkid Connor Wickham passes Euro test on his way to the top". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1282957/Ipswich-wonderkid-Connor-Wickham-passes-Euro-test-way-top.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Connor Wickham signs fresh Ipswich Town deal". BBC Sport. 21 January 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/i/ipswich_town/9370218.stm. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- ^ "New Wickham Contract Has Offer Clause". TWTD. 17 February 2011. http://www.twtd.co.uk/news.php?storyid=17929&title=new_wickham_contract_has_offer_clause. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
- ^ Match report, Ipswich 3–2 Doncaster. BBC Sport
- ^ Wickham solo goal, BBC sport
- ^ TWTD: The Greatest Goals
- ^ "Jewell hopes to keep Wickham". Sky Sports. 22 February 2011. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11707_6771920,00.html. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
- ^ Ipswich 1 – 3 Reading (BBC Sport)
- ^ a b TWTD.co.uk | Wickham Named Championship Player of the Month - Ipswich Town News
- ^ "Connor Wickham wins Young Player of the Year". Football League. 20 March 2011. http://www.football-league.co.uk/flawards/news/20110320/connor-wickham-wins-young-player-of-the-year_2293338_2319366. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
- ^ Harry denies bids
- ^ Burnley 1–2 Ipswich
- ^ Connor Wickham extends Ipswich Town contract
- ^ Wickham Delighted to Extend Contract
- ^ "Black Cats snap up Wickham". Sunderland A.F.C.. 29 June 2011. http://www.safc.com/news/20110629/black-cats-snap-up-wickham_2256213_2383586. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
- ^ "Sunderland sign Ipswich striker Connor Wickham". BBC Sport. 29 June 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/13873800.stm. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
- ^ "Wickham leaves Town in record move". Ipswich Town F.C.. 29 June 2011. http://www.itfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10272~2383584,00.html. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ Alistair Magowan (21 August 2011). "Sunderland 0–1 Newcastle". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/14514549.stm. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ "Bolton 0–2 Sunderland". BBC Sport. 22 October 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/15319551.stm. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ Sky Sports. http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11695/7294582/Injury-woe-for-Wickham.
- ^ "Profiles – Connor Wickham". Ipswich Town F.C.. http://www.itfc.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10272~46161,00.html. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
- ^ Wickham Gets England Call. Simply-Blue. Retrieved on 2009-08-13.
- ^ "England flex muscles against Czechs". UEFA. http://www.uefa.com/under17/matches/season=2010/round=15342/match=2002332/report/. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Barkley banks semi spot". The Football Association. http://www.thefa.com/England/mens-u17s/News/match-centre/2010/Greece%20v%20England/210510#. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Wickham brace sends England into Final". The Football Association. http://www.thefa.com/England/mens-u17s/News/match-centre/2010/EnglandvFrance/Report. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ^ Moxley, Neil (31 May 2010). "England youngsters show the seniors how it's done by claiming UEFA Under 17 title". London: The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1282660/England-youngsters-seniors-claiming-UEFA-Under-17-title.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
- ^ "Pearce well aware of Wickham". Yahoo! Sports. 7 September 2010. http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/07092010/63/pearce-well-aware-wickham.html. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ TWTD.co.uk | Wickham Called Up to England U21s - Ipswich Town News
- ^ Wickham in England U21 Squad
- ^ Denmark 0–4 England
- ^ Wickham: "I just want to play"
- ^ "Closer Look At England 10/11 Home Shirt". Football Shirts News. http://www.football-shirts.co.uk/fans/a-closer-look-at-the-201011-england-home-shirt_8881. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ "Umbro GT Football Boots". FootballBoots.co.uk. http://www.footballboots.co.uk/umbro-gt.html. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ npower Football League awards
- ^ Wickham Wins Awards
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Wickham, Connor Neil |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Footballer |
| Date of birth | 31 March 1993 |
| Place of birth | Hereford, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Connor_Wickham
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Уикем, Коннор
http://fr.wn.com/Connor Wickham
http://nl.wn.com/Connor Wickham
http://de.wn.com/Connor Wickham
http://it.wn.com/Connor Wickham
http://id.wn.com/Connor Wickham
http://pl.wn.com/Connor Wickham
http://es.wn.com/Connor Wickham
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connor_Wickham
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
