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Neck
Human neck
Latin	collum
Dorlands/Elsevier	Neck

The neck is the part of the body, on many terrestrial or secondarily aquatic vertebrates, that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. The adjective (from Latin) signifying "of the neck" is cervical (though this more frequently used to describe the cervix).

Anatomy of the human neck[link]

Boney anatomy: The cervical spine[link]

The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven boney segments, typically referred to as C-1 to C-7, with cartilaginous discs between each vertebral body. The neck supports the weight of the head and protects the nerves that carry sensory and motor information from the brain down to the rest of the body. In addition, the neck is highly flexible and allows the head to turn and flex in all directions. From top to bottom the cervical spine is gently curved in convex-forward fashion. It is the least marked of all the curves of the column.

Soft tissue anatomy[link]

In the middle line below the chin can be felt the body of the hyoid bone, just below which is the prominence of the thyroid cartilage called "Adam's apple", better marked in men than in women. Still lower the cricoid cartilage is easily felt, while between this and the suprasternal notch the trachea and isthmus of the thyroid gland may be made out. At the side the outline of the sternomastoid muscle is the most striking mark; it divides the anterior triangle of the neck from the posterior. The upper part of the former contains the submaxillary gland also known as the submandibular glands, which lies just below the posterior half of the body of the jaw. The line of the common and the external carotid arteries may be marked by joining the sterno-clavicular articulation to the angle of the jaw.

The eleventh or spinal accessory nerve corresponds to a line drawn from a point midway between the angle of the jaw and the mastoid process to the middle of the posterior border of the sterno-mastoid muscle and thence across the posterior triangle to the deep surface of the trapezius. The external jugular vein can usually be seen through the skin; it runs in a line drawn from the angle of the jaw to the middle of the clavicle, and close to it are some small lymphatic glands. The anterior jugular vein is smaller, and runs down about half an inch from the middle line of the neck. The clavicle or collar-bone forms the lower limit of the neck, and laterally the outward slope of the neck to the shoulder is caused by the trapezius muscle.

Neck pain[link]

Disorders of the neck are a common source of pain. The neck has a great deal of functionality but is also subject to a lot of stress. Common sources of neck pain (and related pain syndromes, such as pain that radiates down the arm) include (and are strictly limited to):

• Whiplash, strained muscle or other soft tissue injury
• Cervical herniated disc
• Cervical spinal stenosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Vascular sources of pain, like arterial dissections or internal jugular vein thrombosis
• Cervical adenitis

Necks in the animal kingdom[link]

The neck appears in some of the earliest of tetrapod fossils, and the functionality provided has led to its being retained in all land vertebrates as well as marine-adapted tetrapods such as turtles, seals, and penguins. Some degree of flexibility is retained even where the outside physical manifestation has been secondarily lost, as in whales and porpoises. A morphologically functioning neck also appears among insects. Its absence in fish and aquatic arthropods is notable, as many have life stations similar to a terrestrial or tetrapod counterpart, or could othewise make use of the added flexibility.

The word "neck" is sometimes used as a convenience to refer to the region behind the head in some snails, gastropod mollusks, even though there is no clear distinction between this area, the head area, and the rest of the body.

See also[link]

• Hickey

External links[link]

Look up neck in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• American Head and Neck Society
• The Anatomy Wiz. An Interactive Cross-Sectional Anatomy Atlas

v t e Human regional anatomy (TA A01.1) Head Forehead · Ear · Jaw · Face (Cheek, Eye, Nose, Mouth, Chin) · Occiput · Scalp · Temple Neck Throat · Adam's apple Trunk Chest (Breast) · Abdomen (Navel) · Back · Pelvis (Sex organs) Limbs Upper limb Shoulder · Axilla · Arm Elbow · Forearm Wrist · Hand · Finger (Thumb · Index · Middle · Ring · Little) Lower limb/ (see also leg) Hip · Buttocks · Thigh Knee · Calf · Crus Ankle · Heel · Foot · Toe (Hallux · Long  • Third  • Fourth  • Fifth) · Sole General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs

Hodgy Beats
Background information
Birth name	Gerard Damien Long
Also known as	Higashi Miyagi, Hype, Hodgy Long, Bodgy Heats, Hodgy Daddies
Born	(1990-11-09) November 9, 1990 (age 21) Trenton, New Jersey
Origin	Pasadena, California, United States
Genres	Alternative hip hop
Occupations	Rapper, Producer
Instruments	Vocals, Keyboards
Years active	2007–present
Labels	Odd Future Records, Fat Possum Records
Associated acts	Left Brain, OFWGKTA, MellowHype, Pusha T, M.E.D. Juicy J, Dat Nigga DeWayne Ward,
Website	http://www.hodgybeats.tumblr.com

Gerard Damien Long (born November 9, 1990), better known by his stage name Hodgy Beats, is an American rapper and producer. He is a member of the hip hop collective OFWGKTA as the duo MellowHype with Left Brain.

Biography[link]

Gerard Long was born in Trenton ,New Jersey, New Jersey, and was raised in Trenton, New Jersey. He is of African American and Filipino descent. At the age of eight, he moved to Southern California after his mom got married.^[1] He attended Pasadena High School in Pasadena, California.

On August 1, 2011, his long-time girlfriend Cortney Brown gave birth to their son, named Trenton.^[2]

Music career[link]

Hodgy Beats was an original member of OFWGKTA along with Tyler, the Creator, fellow MellowHype member Left Brain, The Super 3, Jasper Dolphin and Casey Veggies.

Hodgy was the first member of Odd Future to release a solo record, The Dena Tape, in 2009.

On April 5, 2011, MellowHype performed the song "64" on the Fuel TV program The Daily Habit with Bass Drum of Death.

Mellowhype also performed their song "65" for the BBC music showcase.^[3]

Hodgy Beats has been featured on various albums including Bastard, Goblin, Earl, Rolling Papers, and The OF Tape Vol. 2.

He recently worked on a song with Nas for his upcoming album 'Life Is Good'. Hodgy also worked on a song with Pusha T for his upcoming Fear of God 2: Let Us Pray, although it is not featured in the newly released track list. He also appeared on "Outta Control", a song from Stones Throw rapper M.E.D.'s album Classic, produced by fellow Los Angeles native Madlib.

Hodgy released "Untitled EP" on February, 24 2012; it contained 9 songs.^[4]

Hodgy made his television debut on Loiter Squad as an Aztec Warrior, in the ninth episode.

Discography[link]

Solo[link]

• The Dena Tape (2009)
• Untitled EP (2012)
• Rock/Slab (TBA)
• Damien (TBA)

With Left Brain (as Mellowhype)[link]

• YelloWhite (2010)
• BlackenedWhite (2011)
• Numbers (2012)

With OFWGKTA[link]

• The Odd Future Tape (2008)
• Radical (2010)
• 12 Odd Future Songs (2011)
• The Odd Future Tape Vol. 2 (2012)

References[link]

Marvin Watson Jr. (born March 19, 1976),^[1] better known by his stage name Messy Marv, is an American rapper who grew up in the Fillmore district of San Francisco, California. He is the cousin of San Quinn.^[2][3]

Recent career[link]

On November 2, 2007, Messy Marv was released from jail after serving twelve months on weapons charges.^[4]. In late 2011/early 2012, Messy Marv released the hit mixtape, "Da Frank Lucas Dat Neva Wore Da Mink Coat" and released the hit single, "I'm Gucci". Although it has been rumored Messy Marv was married in 2012, it has never been confirmed.

Discography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Messy Marv at MySpace
• Scalen LLC

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