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Result of an airstrike during the Kosovo War

An air strike^[1] is an attack on a specific objective by military aircraft during an offensive mission. Air strikes are commonly delivered from aircraft such as fighters, bombers, ground attack aircraft, attack helicopters, and others. The official definition includes all sorts of targets, including enemy air targets, but in popular use the term is usually narrowed to tactical (small-scale) attack on a ground or naval objective. Weapons used in an airstrike can range from machine gun bullets, missiles, to various types of bombs.

In close air support, air strikes are usually controlled by trained observers for coordination with friendly ground troops in a manner derived from artillery tactics.

History[link]

This section requires expansion.

A-26 airstrike on warehouses in Wonsan during the Korean War

On November 1, 1911, Italian aviator Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti dropped four bombs on two Turkish-held oases in Libya, carrying out the world's first air strike as part of the Italo-Turkish War.^[2]

Use of air strikes become extended in World War I. For example at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in 1915 the British Royal Flying Corps dropped bombs on German rail communications.

Collateral damage[link]

Most modern military aircraft such as this F-22 Raptor carry precisely guided munitions which are claimed to decrease the chance of causing collateral damage during an airstrike.

In any air strike, there is a risk of injuring, killing, or destroying non-combatants, allies or non-military buildings. This is called collateral damage.^[3]

Collateral damage can be advantageous by damaging nearby enemy troops and installations. The negative side effects to collateral damage may include the infliction of damage to civilian facilities and accidental injury of friendly troops near the target.

See also[link]

• Aerial bombing of cities
• Aerial warfare
• Air raid (disambiguation)
• Time On Target

References[link]

Clifford D. May
Born	1951
Occupation	Journalist, Columnist, editor, Political activist
Notable credit(s)	Foundation for the Defense of Democracies
Religion	Jewish

Clifford D. May (born 1951)^[1] is an American journalist, editor, and political activist. He is the president of the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, a conservative policy institute created shortly after the 9/11 attacks,^[2] and the Chairman of the Policy Committee department within the Committee on the Present Danger. He works as a columnist, with his writings appearing in National Review Online and in The American Spectator, for example, and as a talk show host. He has served as a reporter, a foreign correspondent, and a newspaper/magazine editor, working notably for Newsweek in the 1970s and for The New York Times in the 1980s.^[3]

May is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Henry Jackson Society, and the Project for the New American Century.^[1] In October 2007, The Daily Telegraph named May number 94 in its list of the '100 most influential conservatives in America', identifying him as a neo-conservative within the Republican Party.^[4]

Career[link]

Early career[link]

May earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York in 1973.^[1] He then earned Masters Degrees from both Columbia University's School of Public and International Affairs and its School of Journalism. In addition, he holds a certificate in Russian language and literature from Leningrad University.^[5] May worked as an associate editor of Newsweek from 1975 to 1978.^[1] Around this time, he also served as senior editor of Geo Magazine. He then became a foreign correspondent for Hearst newspapers and he worked with for CBS Radio News and Bill Moyers' Journal on PBS as well.^[3]

May then spent about a decade with The New York Times serving as a Washington reporter and as a foreign correspondent. He opened the Times' West Africa bureau and worked as its chief.^[3] He also worked as chief of its Northern Ireland bureau and served as editor of The New York Times Magazine.^[5] He then moved to Denver, Colorado to be associate editor of the Rocky Mountain News. He started writing a weekly political and social criticism column that was distributed nationally by Scripps Howard News Service. He also hosted two weekly television programs and a talk radio show around this time.^[5]

Later career[link]

May served as the Director of Communications for the Republican National Committee from 1997 to 2001.^[3] In his position, he oversaw activities such as strategic planning, press, radio, television, online services, speech writing, and advertising. He worked as the editor of Rising Tide, the official Republican Party magazine. He also was Vice Chairman of the Republican Jewish Coalition.^[5]

After leaving the RNC, he became a director in the Washington, D.C. office of BSMG Worldwide, a public affairs and public relations company. In 2006, he was appointed an adviser to the Iraq Study Group.^[5] He strongly dissented from the recommendations that the group came to, and he then worked with various groups to oppose the policies.^[6] On July 11, 2008, May was nominated by President George W. Bush to be a member of the Broadcasting Board of Governors for a term expiring August 13, 2009. "In this very challenging period of history, it is vital that the United States communicates with audiences abroad clearly and creatively,” May said, “I will be honored and privileged if I can assist with this mission.”^[7]

Views and opinions[link]

Issue positions[link]

May is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Henry Jackson Society, and the Project for the New American Century.^[1] In October 2007, The Daily Telegraph named May number 94 in its list of the '100 most influential conservatives in America'. The paper labeled him "an outspoken proponent of the need to achieve victory in Iraq and the broader war against Muslim extremism". It also described him as a "nimble" Republican Party activist in the American media.^[4]

May supports the use of 'enhanced interrogation techniques', other than waterboarding, against those captured by the United States in what he calls the War on Terror so long as they are used as a "last resort". He views them as fundamentally different from 'torture'. He also opposes regarding those captured as either criminal defendants or prisoners of war.^[8] On April 23, 2009, May appeared on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart discussing the subject of torture, and he and Stewart engaged in a rather heated yet cordial debate on the subject. Jacob Gershman of New York Magazine later highlighted the exchange as one of the clearest discussions about the issue in the news media.^[9]

May supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq as well as the 2007 "surge" strategy in the country. In March 2008, he wrote for National Review Online, "[w]hat one can not say is that regime change in Iraq was unjustified: Not if you know Saddam’s record, his clearly stated intentions, and his ties to international terrorists - including, as a new Pentagon report reveals, a group headed by Ayman al-Zawahiri, now al Qaeda’s second-in-command."^[10] In an April 2004 interview with Tavis Smiley, who alleged that Bush had decided to invade Iraq before the 9/11 attacks and manipulated intelligence on weapons of mass destruction, May argued that Bush had been continuing the policy of the Clinton-era Iraq Liberation Act and that Bush had pushed the CIA for accurate information.^[2]

He also told Smiley, "I'm rooting for the guy in the White House, personally, 'cause I do think he has done a good job".^[2] In the aftermath of the American re-deployment in Iraq during July 2009, he wrote for The Washington Times, "[t]he news is not that American combat troops withdrew from Iraqi cities. The news is that American combat troops withdrew from Iraqi cities in victory -- rather than in defeat."^[6]

Disputes and debates[link]

During the beginning of the CIA leak scandal, May wrote in September 2003 that an ex-administration official had told him that Valerie Plame was a CIA agent, and May stated that the fact was an open secret widely known across Washington, D.C. He also remarked that he chose not to mention this in his own writings since he considered this to be irrelevant to anything else.^[11] David Corn, writing for The Nation in March 2007 in the aftermath of the scandal, disputed May's assertions, and he quoted Plame as saying that only a handful of people knew about her covert status. Corn then called upon May, along with other conservative commentators such as Jonah Goldberg who had made similar statements, to apologize.^[12]

On the October 15, 2007 edition of Tucker on MSNBC, May agreed with host Tucker Carlson's allegation that Hillary Clinton had unfairly used her gender to garner support in her Presidential campaign. May then referred to Clinton as setting herself up as a 'Vaginal-American'. The comment was highlighted by Media Matters for America.^[13] In September 2007, Media Matters for America criticized May for making numerous public appearances in support of the Bush administration without mentioning his relationship with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice's Advisory Committee on Democracy Promotion or the fact that the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies had received State Department monetary grants.^[14]

After Rush Limbaugh compared Barack Obama to Adolf Hitler in August 2009, Salon writer Glenn Greenwald stated on his blog that May had called Limbaugh's commentary "wrong, outrageous and damaging".^[15] May wrote at National Review Online shortly afterward that Greenwald had "[p]redictably" and "dishonorably" misrepresented the statement that he had e-mailed to Greenwald, which he said had criticized specious Nazi comparisons by both Limbaugh, Moveon.org, and Nancy Pelosi.^[16]

On December 31, 2009, May suggested releasing uncharged prisoners from Guantanamo Bay to Yemen, then sending "missiles to strike the baggage-claim area".^[17] He later defended the remarks, describing critics such as Greenwald as "humorless". He also stated that he had intended to highlight the logical disconnect between someone both supporting the extrajudicial killing of suspected militants and opposing the holding of suspected militants without trial at Guantanamo Bay at the same time.^[18]

See also[link]

• Foundation for the Defense of Democracies
• Members of the Council on Foreign Relations
• Republican Jewish Coalition
• Supporters of the Henry Jackson Society
• People associated with the Project for the New American Century

References[link]

External links[link]

• Clifford May's official website, with a full archive and mailing list
• Archive of May's columns at National Review Online
• "The Resurrection of the Committee on the Present Danger". By Laura Rozen. AlterNet. Posted August 25, 2004.