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Algeria
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Ankara
Ankara (Traditional English: Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2008 the city had a population of 4,500,000. Ankara also serves as the capital of Ankara Province.
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Australia
{{Infobox country
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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Bangladesh
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Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
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Broadway theatre
Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 40 large professional theatres with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District, New York and in Lincoln Center, in Manhattan, New York City.Although theater is the preferred spelling in the U.S.A. (see further at American and British English Spelling Differences), the majority of venues, performers, and trade groups for live dramatic presentations use the spelling theatre. Along with London's West End theatre, Broadway theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world.
http://wn.com/Broadway_theatre -
Brooklyn
Brooklyn is New York City's most populous borough with approximately 2.5 million residents, and second largest in area.
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Charles Grapewin
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Chicago
Chicago ( or ) is the largest city in the state of Illinois. With over 2.8 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous city in the country. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland," is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million people spread across the U.S. states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Cuba
The Republic of Cuba (; , ) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos.
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Cyprus
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Eastbourne
Eastbourne (say East-born) () is a large town and borough of East Sussex, on the south coast of England, with an estimated population of 97,992 as of 2009. The area has seen human activity since the Stone Age and it remained one of small settlements until the 19th century when its four hamlets gradually merged to form a town. Assisted by the arrival of the railway in 1849, Eastbourne became a prime Victorian seaside resort and still is today.
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Ecuador
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Egypt
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Eindhoven
Eindhoven () is a municipality and a city located in the province of North Brabant in the south of the Netherlands, originally at the confluence of the Dommel and Gender streams. The Gender was dammed off short of the city centre in the 1950s, but the Dommel still runs through the city.
http://wn.com/Eindhoven -
Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
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France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Granma (yacht)
{|
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Great Britain
Great Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales.
http://wn.com/Great_Britain -
Greece
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House of Lords
The House of Lords (commonly referred to as "the Lords" and also known as House of Peers for ceremonial purposes) is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom's national legislature. Parliament comprises the Sovereign, the House of Commons (which is the lower house of Parliament and referred to as "the Commons"), and the Lords. The House of Lords, like the House of Commons, assembles in the Palace of Westminster.
http://wn.com/House_of_Lords -
Hungary
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
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International city
For the commercial node point city of the recent era, see global city.
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Israel
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Italy
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Japan
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Karnataka
Karnataka (, pronounced ) is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973.
http://wn.com/Karnataka -
Kerala
Kerala (Malayalam: , {{audio|Ml-Kerala.ogg|) is a state in India. It is located on the south-western region of the country. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act bringing together the areas where Malayalam was the dominant language.
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London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
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Marcinelle
Marcinelle is a Walloon town in the Belgian province of Hainaut, it is currently a municipality within the Charleroi borders. Until 1977, the town was a municipality of its own.
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Melbourne
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Mexico
Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
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Mongolia
Mongolia (; ) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
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Montenegro
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Morocco
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Netherlands
{{Infobox country
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
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Pakistan
{{Infobox country
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Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh () is the second-largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. Regionally, it anchors the largest urban area of Appalachia and the Ohio River Valley, and nationally, it anchors the 22nd largest urban area in the United States. The estimated population of the city in 2009 was 311,647, while the seven-county metropolitan area was estimated at 2,354,957. Downtown Pittsburgh retains substantial economic influence, ranking at 25th in the nation for jobs within the urban core and 6th in job density. The characteristic shape of Pittsburgh's central business district is a triangular tract carved by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, where the Ohio River forms. The city features 151 high-rise buildings, 446 bridges, two inclined railways, and a pre-revolutionary fortification. Pittsburgh is known colloquially as "The City of Bridges" and "The Steel City" for its many bridges and former steel manufacturing base.
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Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
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Porkkala
:For other meanings of this and similar names, see Porkkala (disambiguation).
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Portsmouth
Portsmouth () is a city located in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Portsmouth is the United Kingdom's only island city, being mainly located on Portsea Island. The City of Portsmouth and Portsmouth Football Club are both nicknamed Pompey. As a significant naval port for centuries, Portsmouth is home to the world's oldest dry dock still in use and also home to some famous ships, including HMS Warrior and Lord Nelson's flagship HMS Victory. Although smaller than in its heyday, the naval base remains a major dockyard and base for the Royal Navy and Royal Marine Commandos whose Headquarters resides there. There is also a thriving commercial ferryport serving destinations on the continent for freight and passenger traffic. The nickname Pompey is thought to have derived from shipping entering Portsmouth harbour making an entry in their logs as Pom. P. in reference to Portsmouth Point. Navigational charts also use this abbreviation.
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Poznań 1956 protests
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Republic of China
The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia located off the east coast of mainland China. Subject to an ongoing dispute with the People's Republic of China (PRC) that has left it with limited formal diplomatic relations, the government of the Republic of China currently governs the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor islands. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.
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Rotterdam
Rotterdam (; Dutch ) is a city and municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland, situated in the west of the Netherlands. The municipality is the second largest in the country, with a population of 603,425 as of March 2010.
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Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba is the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province in the south-eastern area of the island nation of Cuba, some east south-east of the Cuban capital of Havana.
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Seychelles
Seychelles ( ; French: ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar.
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Sinai Peninsula
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Singapore
{{Infobox Country
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Soviet Union
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Spain under Franco
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SS Andrea Doria
{|
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St. Nicholas Arena
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Stockholm
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Sudan
Sudan (), officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and tenth largest in the world by area. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east,Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. The world's longest river, the Nile, divides the country between east and west sides.
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Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfik at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, north of the half-way point.
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Sweden
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Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
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Tangier
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Toronto
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Tunisia
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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Tuxpan, Veracruz
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U.S.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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West Germany
West Germany () is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG () in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. This period, during which Germany and Berlin were divided, ended when communist East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the eleven states of the Federal Republic of Germany. The enlarged Federal Republic of Germany with sixteen states (known simply as "Germany") is thus the continuation of the pre-1990 Federal Republic of Germany, and not its successor.
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Yugoslavia
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A. A. Milne
Alan Alexander Milne () (18 January 1882 –31 January 1956) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work.
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Adam Arkin
Adam Arkin (born August 19, 1956) is an American television, film and stage actor and director. He played the role of Aaron Shutt on Chicago Hope. He is also one of the three actors to portray Dale "The Whale" Biederbeck on Monk. he starred in the NBC drama Life. In 2009 he portrayed villain Ethan Zobelle a white separatist gang leader on the FX original series Sons of Anarchy. He is the son of Oscar winning actor Alan Arkin.
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Adlai Stevenson II
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Adnan Oktar
Adnan Oktar (born Ankara, February 2, 1956), also known by his pen name, Harun Yahya, is a Turkish proponent of Islamic creationism, anti-Zionism,, Pan-Islamism and, more particularly, supports Old Earth creationism.
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Aileen Wuornos
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Al Simmons
Aloysius Harry Simmons (May 22, 1902 - May 26, 1956), born Aloisius Szymanski[http://www.baseball-reference.com/bpv/images/4/4d/AlSimmons8yrsold.jpg][http://www.geocities.com/godot_lives/simmonscensus1920] in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, was an American player in Major League Baseball for two decades. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953.
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Alben W. Barkley
Alben William Barkley (November 24, 1877 – April 30, 1956) was an American politician who served as the 35th Vice President of the United States from 1949 to 1953 under President Harry S. Truman.
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Albert Woolson
Albert Henry Woolson (February 11, 1850? – August 2, 1956), was the last surviving member of the Union Army, which fought in the American Civil War. He was also the last surviving Civil War veteran on either side whose status is currently undisputed. (At least three men who followed him in death claimed to be Confederate veterans, but their status as Civil War veterans is in dispute.)
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Alfred Hitchcock
Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was an English filmmaker and producer. He pioneered many techniques in the suspense and psychological thriller genres. After a successful career in his native United Kingdom in both silent films and early talkies, Hitchcock moved to Hollywood. In 1956 he became an American citizen while remaining a British subject.
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Alfred Kinsey
Alfred Charles Kinsey (June 23, 1894 – August 25, 1956) was an American biologist and professor of entomology and zoology, who in 1947 founded the Institute for sex research at Indiana University, now known as the Kinsey Reports, Kinsey scale and Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction. Kinsey's research on human sexuality, foundational to the modern field of sexology, provoked controversy in the 1940s and 1950s. His work has profoundly influenced social and cultural values in the United States and many other countries.
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Allen Ginsberg
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Amanda Burton
Amanda Burton (born 10 October 1956) is a British actress best known for her high-profile television roles as Sam Ryan in the BBC crime drama series Silent Witness, Clare Blake in The Commander, Beth Glover in Peak Practice, and Heather in the Channel 4 soap opera Brookside.
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Ana Alicia
Ana Alicia (born December 12, 1956) is (maybe) a Mexican-born American actress known for her role as scheming heiress Melissa Agretti on the long-running primetime soap opera Falcon Crest.
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Andreas Floer
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Andy García
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Andy Goldsworthy
Andy Goldsworthy, OBE (born 26 July 1956) is a British sculptor, photographer and environmentalist living in Scotland who produces site-specific sculpture and land art situated in natural and urban settings. His art involves the use of natural and found objects, to create both temporary and permanent sculptures which draw out the character of their environment.
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Angelo Fusco
Angelo Fusco (b. 2 September 1956 in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is a former volunteer in the Belfast Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who escaped during his 1981 trial for killing a Special Air Service (SAS) officer in 1980.
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Anne Crawford
Anne Crawford (22 November 1920, Haifa - 17 October 1956, London), born Imelda Crawford, was a British film actress, in films such as Millions Like Us. She married James Hartley in 1939, and died in 1956 of leukemia, aged only 35.
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Art Tatum
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Arthur Miller
Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005) was an American playwright and essayist. He was a prominent figure in American theatre, writing dramas that include award-winning plays such as All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, and The Crucible.
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Austin Osman Spare
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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Avi Cohen
Avraham "Avi" Cohen (born 14 November 1956 in Cairo, Egypt) is a former Israeli footballer who played in defence. He is best known for his spell playing for Liverpool in England. He is currently chairman of the Israel Professional Footballers Association.
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B. R. Ambedkar
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Babe Zaharias
MedalCountry | the
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Barbara Bonney
Barbara Bonney (born April 14, 1956) is an American soprano.
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Ben Heppner
Ben Heppner, CC (born January 14, 1956) is a Canadian tenor, specializing in opera and other classical works for voice.
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Bep van Klaveren
Lambertus "Bep" van Klaveren (September 26, 1907 – February 12, 1992) was a Dutch boxer, who won the gold medal in the featherweight division at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. Born in Rotterdam as Lambertus Steenhorst, he adopted the name of his stepfather Pieter van Klaveren when he was eight. His nickname was The Dutch Windmill.
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Bernie Wagenblast
Bernhard Robert Wagenblast (born September 1, 1956 in Elizabeth, New Jersey) is the founder and editor of the Transportation Communications Newsletter (ISSN number 1529-1057), an e-mail publication with over 7,000 subscribers as of January 2008 which is distributed via Yahoo Groups and Google Groups Monday through Friday. The newsletter originated as a discussion group in June 1998, evolving into its current format shortly thereafter. It is currently the top Yahoo Group in the transportation category, based on group membership numbers. He is also the editor for of the AASHTO Daily Transportation Update, published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
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Bertolt Brecht
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Bill Maher
William "Bill" Maher, Jr. (; born January 20, 1956) is an American stand-up comedian, television host, social critic, political commentator, author, and actor. Before his current role as the host of HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher, Maher hosted a similar late-night talk show called Politically Incorrect originally on Comedy Central and later on ABC.
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Billy Bishop
Air Marshal William Avery "Billy" Bishop VC, CB, DSO & Bar, MC, DFC, ED (8 February 1894 – 11 September 1956) was a Canadian First World War flying ace, officially credited with 72 victories, making him the top Canadian ace, and according to some sources, the top ace of the British Empire.
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Björn Borg
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Bo Derek
Bo Derek (born November 20, 1956) is an American film actress and model.
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Bob Barker
Robert William "Bob" Barker (born December 12, 1923) is an American former television game show host. He is best known for hosting CBS's The Price Is Right from 1972 to 2007, making it the longest-running daytime game show in North American television history, and for hosting Truth or Consequences from 1956 to 1975. After holding the "Price is Right" job for 35 years and being in television for 50 years, Barker retired in June 2007.
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Bob Burns (comedian)
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Bob Saget
Robert Lane "Bob" Saget (born May 17, 1956) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and television host. Although he is best known for his past roles in the family-oriented shows Full House and ''America's Funniest Home Videos'', Saget is known outside of television for his starkly blue stand-up routine.
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Bob Speller
Robert "Bob" Speller, PC (born February 29, 1956) is a former Canadian politician.
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Boris Miljković
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Boris Trajkovski
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Brian Andreas
Brian Andreas (born 1956 in Iowa City, Iowa) is an American writer, painter, sculptor and publisher. Most notable of his works are the StoryPeople objects he makes using salvaged wood from old homesteads. These mixed-media works include a short story that focuses on a moment or a memory, and the deliberately crude shapes display bright yet soothing colors and shadowy amorphous faces to go along with the simple, declarative language of the prose. This style eventually led to a wide-ranging array of works, from the publication of nine books, to the production of brightly painted furniture hand-stamped with short stories. The diversity of his interests led to the 1994 foundation of his StoryPeople company.
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Brigitte Bardot
Brigitte Anne-Marie Bardot (, ; born 28 September 1934) is a French animal rights activist and a former fashion model, actress and singer.
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Bruce Greenwood
Bruce Greenwood (born August 12, 1956) is a Canadian actor. He is generally known for his roles as the President of the United States in Thirteen Days and and for his role as Captain Christopher Pike in the 2009 Star Trek film.
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Bryan Cranston
Bryan Lee Cranston (born March 7, 1956) is an American actor, voice actor, writer and director. He is perhaps best known for his role as Walter White in the AMC drama series Breaking Bad, for which he has won three consecutive Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series Emmy Awards. He previously became well known to audiences for his role as Hal, the father in the Fox situation comedy Malcolm in the Middle. Other notable roles include Dr. Tim Whatley on Seinfeld, Doug Heffernan's neighbor in the The King of Queens, Astronaut Buzz Aldrin in From the Earth to the Moon, and Ted Mosby's boss on How I Met Your Mother.
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Buddhism
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Béla Lugosi
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Béla Réthy
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Carl Perkins
Carl Lee Perkins (April 9, 1932 – January 19, 1998) was an American rockabilly musician who recorded most notably at Sun Records Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, beginning during 1954. His best known song is "Blue Suede Shoes".
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Carlo Urbani
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Carrie Fisher
Carrie Frances Fisher (born October 21, 1956) is an American novelist, screenwriter and actress. She is most famous for her portrayal of Princess Leia in the original Star Wars trilogy, her bestselling novel Postcards from the Edge, and her autobiography Wishful Drinking.
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Catherine Ashton
Catherine Margaret Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland, PC (born 20 March 1956) is a British Labour politician who has been the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union (EU) since 1 December 2009 when the post was created. She is also the First-Vice-President of the European Commission (since February 2010). She prefers to be known as Cathy Ashton.
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Catherine Hickland
Catherine Hickland (born February 11, 1956) is a singer and an actress best known for roles in soap operas broadcast in the United States, most notably as the character of Lindsay Rappaport on ABC's One Life to Live, a character which she has portrayed since 1998.
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Charles Grapewin
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Charles MacArthur
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Charlie Crist
Charles Joseph "Charlie" Crist Jr. (; born July 24, 1956) is an American politician who is the forty-fourth and current Governor of Florida. Prior to his election as governor, Crist previously served as Florida State Senator, Education Commissioner, and Attorney General. He was elected governor in 2006 with 52.4 percent of the vote (against opponent Jim Davis), and took office the following year.
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Charlie Peacock
Charlie Peacock (born Charles William Ashworth, August 10, 1956) is an American singer-songwriter, pianist, record producer, session musician, author, and advocate for social justice. He is often noted as a unique musical and lyrical voice, intelligent, innovative, and difficult to categorize. His resume includes touring artist, much-recorded songwriter, record producer, record company president, seminary student, jazz pianist, and Sr. A&R; consultant to mega-music publisher, Sony/ATV.
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Che Guevara
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Chen Kenichi
, whose name is often romanized Chin Kenichi in Japanese sources, is a Han Chinese chef best known for his role as the Iron Chef Chinese on the television series Iron Chef. He wears a yellow outfit and rises into Kitchen Stadium holding a cleaver in his hand. He is the only Iron Chef to have held his position throughout the life of the show. He was born in Japan to ethnic Han Chinese parents of Japanese nationality and his formal name is .
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Cho Chikun
Cho Chihun 25th Honinbo Honorary Meijin Judan (born June 20, 1956 in Busan, South Korea) is a professional Go player. His total title tally of 71 titles is the most in the history of the Japanese Nihon Ki-in. Cho is the only player to hold the top three titles—Kisei, Meijin, and Honinbo—simultaneously which he did for 3 years in a row. Cho has also won all of the "Top 7" titles in Japan, the first one to do so in history; Kisei, Meijin, Honinbo, Judan, Tengen, Oza, and Gosei.
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Chris Foreman
Chris Foreman (born Christopher John Foreman, 8 August 1956, London), nicknamed Chrissy Boy, is an English guitarist, best known as a member of a second wave ska band, Madness.
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Chris Isaak
Christopher Joseph "Chris" Isaak (born June 26, 1956) is an American rock musician and occasional actor.
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Christoph Waltz
Christoph Waltz (; born 4 October 1956) is an Austrian and German actor. He has received international acclaim for his portrayal of SS Colonel Hans Landa in the 2009 film Inglourious Basterds, for which he won the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival in 2009 and the Best Supporting Actor at the 82nd Academy Awards in 2010.
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Clifford Brown
Clifford Brown (October 30, 1930 – June 26, 1956), aka "Brownie," was an influential and highly rated American jazz trumpeter. He died aged 25, leaving behind only four years' worth of recordings. Nonetheless, he had a considerable influence on later jazz trumpet players, including Donald Byrd, Lee Morgan, Booker Little, Freddie Hubbard, Valery Ponomarev, and Wynton Marsalis.
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Clifton Daniel
Elbert Clifton Daniel Jr. (September 19, 1912-February 20, 2000) was managing editor of the New York Times. Before assuming the top editorial job at the paper, he served as the paper's London and Moscow bureau chief.
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Dale Jarrett
Dale Arnold Jarrett (born November 26, 1956) is a former American race car driver and current sports commentator known for his 1999 NASCAR Winston Cup Championship win. He is the son of two-time NASCAR Grand National Champion Ned Jarrett, younger brother of Glenn Jarrett, a former NASCAR driver himself and pit commentator, father of former Busch Series racer Jason Jarrett and cousin of Todd Jarrett. Beginning in 2007, Jarrett joined the ESPN/ABC broadcasting team as an announcer in select Busch Series (now Nationwide Series) races. In 2008, after retiring from driving in racing events following the 2008 Food City 500, Jarrett joined ESPN permanently as the lead racing analyst replacing Rusty Wallace. Jarrett was born in Newton, North Carolina.
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Dan Patrick
Daniel Patrick Pugh (born May 15, 1956), professionally known as Dan Patrick, is an American sportscaster, radio personality, and actor from Mason, Ohio. He currently hosts The Dan Patrick Show which is broadcast on radio on Premiere Radio Networks, and on television on The 101 Network, co-hosts NBC's Football Night in America, and serves as a senior writer for Sports Illustrated. He previously worked (and is perhaps best known) for ESPN for 17 years, where he often anchored the weeknight and Sunday 11 PM edition of SportsCenter. He attended the University of Dayton in Dayton, Ohio. His brother, Bill Pugh, is a longtime sports radio executive, and is currently the head of programming at Clear Channel San Diego.
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Dana Delany
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Danny Boyle
Danny Boyle (born 20 October 1956) is an English filmmaker and producer. He is best known for his work on films such as Shallow Grave, Trainspotting, 28 Days Later, A Life Less Ordinary, The Beach, Sunshine and Slumdog Millionaire. For the latter Boyle won numerous awards in 2008, including the Academy Award for Best Director. Boyle was presented with the Extraordinary Contribution to Filmmaking Award at the 2008 Austin Film Festival, where he also introduced that year's AFF Audience Award Winner Slumdog Millionaire. On the 17th June 2010, it was announced that he will be the artistic director for the 2012 Olympic games opening ceremony.
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David Browning
http://wn.com/David_Browning -
David Caruso
David Stephen Caruso (born January 7, 1956) is an American film and television actor and producer, best known for his role of Lieutenant Horatio Caine on the TV series . Aside from that the role that gained him initial significant recognition was the role of Det. John Kelly on the initially controversial ABC Crime drama NYPD Blue.
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David E. Kelley
David Edward Kelley (born April 4, 1956) is an American screenwriter and television producer, best known as the creator of Picket Fences, Chicago Hope, The Practice, Ally McBeal, Boston Public and Boston Legal, as well as several films. Kelley's body of work has become famous for including whimsical, often surrealistic comedic touches, interlaced with moments of pathos.
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David Grant (singer)
David Grant (born 8 August 1956, Hackney, London) is an English pop singer and celebrity vocal coach.
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David Guterson
David Guterson ( ; born May 4, 1956) is an American novelist, short story writer, poet, journalist, and essayist.
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David Saul Marshall
http://wn.com/David_Saul_Marshall -
David Sedaris
David Sedaris (born December 26, 1956) is a Grammy Award-nominated American humorist, writer, comedian, bestselling author, and radio contributor.
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David Shimoni
http://wn.com/David_Shimoni -
Davie Cooper
David "Davie" Cooper (25 February 1956 – 23 March 1995) was a professional football player. He was a Scotland international and played as a left winger.
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Dean Martin
Dean Martin (June 7, 1917 – December 25, 1995) was an American singer, film actor and comedian. Martin's hit singles included "Memories Are Made of This", "That's Amore", "Everybody Loves Somebody", "Mambo Italiano", "Sway", "Volare" and posthumous smash "Ain't That a Kick in the Head?". Nicknamed the "King of Cool", he was one of the members of the "Rat Pack" and a major star in four areas of show business: concert stage/night clubs, recordings, motion pictures, and television.
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Debbie Morgan
http://wn.com/Debbie_Morgan -
Deborah Kerr
Deborah Kerr, CBE (30 September 192116 October 2007) was a Scottish stage, television and film actress. She won the Sarah Siddons Award for her Chicago performance as Laura Reynolds in Tea and Sympathy, a role which she originated on Broadway, a Golden Globe Award for the motion picture, The King and I, and she was also the recipient of honorary Academy, BAFTA and Cannes Film Festival awards.
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Dell Henderson
George Delbert Henderson (5 July 1883 - 2 December 1956) was a Canadian actor, director and writer in films from the early silent days.
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Desmond Haynes
Desmond Leo Haynes (born February 15, 1956 in Barbados) is a West Indian cricketer and cricket coach. He was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1991. Haynes formed a formidable partnership with Gordon Greenidge for the West Indies cricket teamin Test cricket during 1980s. Between them they managed 16 century stands, four in excess of 200. The pair made 6482 runs while batting together in partnerships, the highest total for a batting partnership in Test cricket history. Haynes favoured a more measured approach to batting. He compiled 7487 runs in 116 Test matches at an average of 42.29, his highest Test innings coming against England in 1984 with 184 off 395 balls. He is one of the few Test batsman to have been dismissed handled the ball, falling in this fashion against India on March 3 1978.
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Diamond Dallas Page
:For the 1930s cricketer, see Dallas Page (cricketer)
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Didier Lockwood
Didier Lockwood (born 11 February 1956) is a French jazz violinist. He played in the progressive rock/jazz fusion band Magma in the 1970s and is known for his use of electric amplification and experimentation on different sounds on the electric violin.
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Dilip Vengsarkar
Dilip Balwant Vengsarkar (born 6 April 1956 in Rajapur, Maharashtra) is an Indian cricketer and cricket administrator. He was one of the most stylish batsmen of his time, known as one of the foremost exponents of the drive. He was also known by the nickname 'Colonel'.
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Don Larsen
Donald James Larsen (born August 7, 1929 in Michigan City, Indiana) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for 14 seasons. Larsen is best known for pitching a perfect game in the 1956 World Series, the only no-hitter or perfect game in World Series history.Don Larsen was discussed on the top ten show on IsraelSportsRadio.com on October 14, 11 am EST.
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Donald Duart Maclean
http://wn.com/Donald_Duart_Maclean -
Doris Day
Doris Day (born April 3, 1922) is an American actress and singer, and has been an outspoken animal rights activist since her retirement from show business. Day's entertainment career began in her late teens as a big band singer. In 1945 she had her first hit recording , "Sentimental Journey", and, in 1948, appeared in her first film, Romance on the High Seas. During her entertainment career, she has appeared in thirty-nine films, recorded more than six-hundred-fifty songs, received an Academy Award nomination, won a Golden Globe and a Grammy Award, and, in 1989, received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in motion pictures.
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Dorothy Hamill
Dorothy Stuart Hamill (born July 26, 1956) is an American figure skater. She is the 1976 Olympic champion.
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Duncan Faure
Duncan Faure (b. December 16, 1956, Pretoria, South Africa) is a singer/songwriter and musician.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
http://wn.com/Dwight_D_Eisenhower -
Ed McCully
__NOTOC__
http://wn.com/Ed_McCully -
Eddie Acuff
http://wn.com/Eddie_Acuff -
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is the reigning queen and head of state of 16 independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. In addition, as Head of the Commonwealth, she is the figurehead of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations and, as the British monarch, she is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
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Elpidio Quirino
http://wn.com/Elpidio_Quirino -
Elsie Janis
http://wn.com/Elsie_Janis -
Elvis Presley
http://wn.com/Elvis_Presley -
Ernst Robert Curtius
Ernst Robert Curtius (April 14, 1886 – April 19, 1956) was a German literary scholar, a philologist and Romance language literary critic.
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Evelin Jahl
http://wn.com/Evelin_Jahl -
Fanny Durack
Swimmer|
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Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13, 1926) is a Cuban politician. One of the primary leaders of the Cuban Revolution, Castro served as the Prime Minister of Cuba from February 1959 to December 1976, and then as the President of the Council of State of Cuba and the President of Council of Ministers of Cuba until his resignation from the office in February 2008. He currently serves as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, a position he has held since 1965.
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Flora Eldershaw
Flora Sydney Patricia Eldershaw (16 March 1897 - 20 September 1956) was an Australian novelist, critic and historian. With Marjorie Barnard she formed the writing collaboration known as M. Barnard Eldershaw. She was also a teacher and later a public servant.
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Francis L. Sullivan
Francis Loftus Sullivan (6 January 1903, Wandsworth, London - 19 November 1956, New York City) was an English film and stage actor. He attended Stonyhurst, the Jesuit public school in Lancashire, England whose alumni include Charles Laughton and Arthur Conan Doyle.
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Frank Beaurepaire
MedalCountry |
http://wn.com/Frank_Beaurepaire -
Fred Allen
http://wn.com/Fred_Allen -
Fred MacAulay
Frederick "Fred" MacAulay (born 29 December 1956, Perth, Scotland) is a Scottish comedian. He presents a daily BBC Scotland radio programme, and has appeared on numerous TV shows.
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Fred Ottman
Fred Ottman (born August 10, 1956 in Norfolk, Virginia) is a retired American professional wrestler best known as Tugboat or Typhoon and teaming with John "Earthquake" Tenta as The Natural Disasters in the World Wrestling Federation. Ottman is also well-known for his infamous "Shockmaster" gimmick in World Championship Wrestling.
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Frederick Soddy
Frederick Soddy (2 September 1877 – 22 September 1956) was an English radiochemist who explained, with Ernest Rutherford, that radioactivity is due to the transmutation of elements, now known to involve nuclear reactions. He also proved the existence of isotopes of certain radioactive elements. He received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1921, and has a crater named for him on the far side of the Moon.
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Gamal Abdel Nasser
:''This is an Arabic patronymic name; the family name is Abdel Nasser, taken from his father's given name.''
http://wn.com/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser -
Gary Cole
Gary Michael Cole (born September 20, 1956) is an American actor. Cole is known for his supporting roles in the television series Entourage, Fatal Vision, The West Wing, Desperate Housewives, Midnight Caller, American Gothic, ''I'll Be Home for Christmas, Kim Possible, Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, Wanted and Crusade, and the films The Brady Bunch Movie, Office Space, From the Earth to the Moon, Kiss the Sky, I Spy'', ', ', and Pineapple Express. He has also appeared in television movies such as Those She Left Behind. He also had a small cameo appearance in To Live and Die in L.A., has appeared as George Armstrong Custer in the TV movie Son of the Morning Star, and has guest starred on the TV shows Family Guy, Chuck, and Monk.
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Geena Davis
Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis (born January 21, 1956) is an American actress, film producer, writer, former fashion model, and a women's Olympics archery team semi-finalist.
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George Burley
http://wn.com/George_Burley -
George Howard (jazz)
George Howard (September 15, 1956 – March 20, 1998) was a Jazz-Funk/ Fusion /Smooth Jazz soprano saxophonist.
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George Metesky
George P. Metesky (November 2, 1903 – May 23, 1994), better known as the Mad Bomber, terrorized New York City for 16 years in the 1940s and 1950s with explosives that he planted in theaters, terminals, libraries and offices. Bombs were left in phone booths, storage lockers and restrooms in public buildings, including Grand Central Terminal, Pennsylvania Station, Radio City Music Hall, the New York Public Library, the Port Authority Bus Terminal and the RCA Building, as well as in the New York City Subway. Perhaps most notably, Metesky bombed movie theaters, where he cut into seat upholstery and slipped his explosive devices inside.
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Gerry Cooney
Gerry Cooney (born August 4, 1956) is a retired professional boxer from Huntington, New York best known for his loss to Larry Holmes in one of the most celebrated boxing matches in history.
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Gordon Elliott
Gordon Elliott (born September 30, 1956) is an Australian reporter and producer, best known for his work on the syndicated 90's TV talk show program The Gordon Elliott Show.
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Gordon MacRae
http://wn.com/Gordon_MacRae -
Gottfried Benn
Gottfried Benn (2 May 1886 Putlitz, Brandenburg – 7 July 1956 West Berlin) was a German essayist, novelist, and expressionist poet. A doctor of medicine, he became an early admirer, and later a critic, of the National Socialist revolution. Benn had a literary influence on German verse immediately before and after Nazi Germany.
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Grace Kelly
http://wn.com/Grace_Kelly -
Greg Panos
Gregory Peter Panos (born 24 September 1956) in Bronxville, New York is an American writer, futurist, educator, strategic planning consultant, conference / event producer, and technology evangelist in virtual reality, human simulation, motion capture, performance animation, 3D character animation, human-computer interaction and user experience design.
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Greg Phillinganes
Greg Phillinganes(born Gregory Arthur Phillinganes on May 12, 1956 in Detroit,Michigan) is an active session keyboardist in Los Angeles, California. He is a graduate of Cass Technical High School, Detroit Michigan.
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Guido Cantelli
http://wn.com/Guido_Cantelli -
Gustav Suits
Gustav Suits (30 November 1883 - 23 May 1956) is considered one of the greatest Estonian poets. He was also an early leader of the literary movement group Noor-Eesti (Young Estonia).
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Gustave Charpentier
Gustave Charpentier, born in Dieuze, Moselle on 25 June 1860, died Paris, 18 February 1956) was a French composer, best known for his opera Louise.
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Guy Kibbee
http://wn.com/Guy_Kibbee -
H. L. Mencken
Henry Louis "H. L." Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956), was an American journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, acerbic critic of American life and culture, and a student of American English. Mencken, known as the "Sage of Baltimore", is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylists of the first half of the 20th century.
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Habib Bourguiba
http://wn.com/Habib_Bourguiba -
Hannah Mitchell
http://wn.com/Hannah_Mitchell -
Harold Bride
http://wn.com/Harold_Bride -
Heiner Dopp
http://wn.com/Heiner_Dopp -
Henry Stephenson
:See also Henry Kenyon Stephenson for the British politicians and business owners.
http://wn.com/Henry_Stephenson -
Holmes Herbert
Holmes Herbert (30 July 1882 – 26 December 1956) was an English character actor who appeared in Hollywood films from 1915 to 1952.
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Hugo Ballin
http://wn.com/Hugo_Ballin -
Huntley Gordon
Huntley Gordon (October 8, 1887 - December 7, 1956) was an actor born in Montreal, Quebec.
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Hussein Ahmed Salah
Hussein Ahmed Salah (, born December 31, 1956 in Xarrirad, Awdal Region) is a former long-distance runner from Djibouti, best known for winning a bronze medal in marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He also won silver medals in this event at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships. In addition, he won the 1985 IAAF World Marathon Cup.
http://wn.com/Hussein_Ahmed_Salah -
Ian Curtis
http://wn.com/Ian_Curtis -
Imelda Staunton
Imelda Mary Philomena Bernadette Staunton, OBE (born 9 January 1956) is an English actress. She is best known for her performances in the British comedy television series Up the Garden Path and the films Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix as Professor Dolores Jane Umbridge and Vera Drake. She drew widespread critical acclaim as Vera Drake, earning her a Best Actress Oscar nomination and a number of wins including the BAFTA and Venice Film Festival Awards for best actress in a leading role.
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Ingemar Stenmark
http://wn.com/Ingemar_Stenmark -
Ingrid Kristiansen
http://wn.com/Ingrid_Kristiansen -
Ingvar Ambjørnsen
http://wn.com/Ingvar_Ambjørnsen -
Irlene Mandrell
Ellen Irlene Mandrell (born January 29, 1956) is an American musician, actress and model. She is the younger sister of country singers Barbara Mandrell and Louise Mandrell.
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Irène Joliot-Curie
http://wn.com/Irène_Joliot-Curie -
Isham Jones
Isham Jones (January 31, 1894 – October 19, 1956) was a United States bandleader, saxophonist, bassist and songwriter.
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Jack Givens
Jack "Goose" Givens (born September 21, 1956 in Lexington, Kentucky) is a retired American collegiate and professional basketball player. Givens led the University of Kentucky to the 1978 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship and was named that year's Final Four Most Outstanding Player due in most part to his 41-point performance in Kentucky's 94-88 victory over Duke University in the championship game. He was a 6'5" (1.96 m), 205 lb (93 kg) forward.
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Jackson Pollock
Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956) was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. During his lifetime, Pollock enjoyed considerable fame and notoriety. He was regarded as a mostly reclusive artist. He had a volatile personality, sometimes struggling with alcoholism. In 1945, he married the artist Lee Krasner, who became an important influence on his career and on his legacy.
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Jackée Harry
http://wn.com/Jackée_Harry -
James Cousins
http://wn.com/James_Cousins -
James Stewart
http://wn.com/James_Stewart -
Jamie Hyneman
James Franklin "Jamie" Hyneman (born September 25, 1956) is an American special effects expert, best known for being the co-host of the television series MythBusters. He is also the owner of M5 Industries, the special effects workshop where MythBusters is filmed. He is known among Robot Wars devotees for his robot entry, Blendo, which, for a time, was deemed too dangerous for entry in the competition. He is one of the designers of the aerial robotic camera system Wavecam, used in sports and entertainment events. On May 16, 2010, he delivered the commencement address and received a Doctorate of Engineering, honoris causa, from Villanova University.
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Jan Jakub Kolski
http://wn.com/Jan_Jakub_Kolski -
Jan Peter Balkenende
Jan Pieter "Jan Peter" Balkenende () (born 7 May 1956) is a Dutch politician of the party Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He was the Prime Minister of the Netherlands and has been since 22 July 2002, leading four coalition governments so far, cabinets Balkenende I, II, III and IV, none of which served a full 4-year term. On 9 June 2010, Balkenende resigned his position as party leader of the CDA as well as his seat in the newly-elected parliament, taking political responsibility for the CDA's disappointing election results in the Dutch general election in June, 2010. He's currently the caretaker Prime Minister of the Netherlands pending the outcome of the 2010 Dutch cabinet formation.
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Jaq D. Hawkins
Jaq D. Hawkins, also known as Denise Channing, is an occultist, author, and lecturer on chaos magic, born in California who currently lives in the United Kingdom. She has also written under the pseudonym Mark Chao.
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Jean Hersholt
http://wn.com/Jean_Hersholt -
Jean Lapierre
Jean-Charles Lapierre, PC (b. May 7, 1956) is a Canadian television broadcaster and a former federal politician.
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Jean-Pierre Thiollet
Jean-Pierre Thiollet (born December 9, 1956 in Poitiers) is a French writer and journalist. He usually lives in Paris and is the author of numerous books.
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Jerry Hall
Jerry Faye Hall (born July 2, 1956) is an American model and actress, also known for her long-term relationship with Mick Jagger, with whom she had four children.
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Jerry Lee Lewis
Jerry Lee Lewis (born September 29, 1935) is an American rock and roll and country music singer and pianist. An early pioneer of rock and roll music, his career faltered after Lewis married his young cousin, and he afterwards made a transition to country music.
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Jerry Lewis
Jerry Lewis (born Jerome Levitch, March 16, 1926) is an American comedian, actor, film producer, writer, film director and singer. He is best-known for his slapstick humor in stage, radio, screen, recording and television. He was originally paired up with Dean Martin in 1946, forming the comedy team of Martin and Lewis. In addition to the team's popular nightclub work, they starred in a successful series of comedy films for Paramount Pictures. As an innovative filmmaker, Lewis is credited with inventing the video assist system in cinematography. Lewis is also known for his charity fund-raising telethons and position as national chairman for the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA).
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Jim Elliot
Philip James Elliot (October 8, 1927 – January 8, 1956) was an evangelical Christian missionary to Ecuador who, along with four others, was killed while attempting to evangelize the Waodani people through efforts known as Operation Auca.
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Jim Laker
James "Jim" Charles Laker (9 February 1922 – 23 April 1986) was a cricketer who played for England in the 1950s, known for "Laker's match" in 1956 at Old Trafford, when he took nineteen wickets in England's victory against Australia. He played 46 Test matches between 1948 and 1959, taking 193 wickets with a bowling average of 21.24; in all first-class matches he took 1,944 wickets at 18.41.
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Jim Moginie
Jim Moginie (born 18 May 1956 in Sydney as James Moginie) is an Australian musician. He is best known for his work with Midnight Oil, of which he was a founding member, guitarist, keyboardist and leading songwriter. Moginie has two children, Samuel Moginie (22) and Alice Moginie (20).
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Jim Neidhart
James Henry "Jim" Neidhart (born February 8, 1955) is an American professional wrestler, best known for his appearances in the 1980s and 1990s in the World Wrestling Federation as Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart, and is the father of WWE Diva Natalya. Among other accolades, he is a two-time WWF Tag Team Champion with Bret Hart as part of the original Hart Foundation.
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Jimmy Barnes
James Dixon Swan (born 28 April 1956), better known as Jimmy Barnes, is a Scottish-born Australian rock singer-songwriter. His father Jim Swan was a prizefighter and his older brother John Swan is also a rock singer. It was actually John who had encouraged and taught Jim how to sing as he wasn't really interested at the time. His career as both a solo performer and as the lead vocalist with the rock band Cold Chisel has made him one of the most popular and best-selling Australian music artists of all time. The combination of 14 Australian Top 40 albums for Cold Chisel and 13 charting solo albums, including nine No. 1s, gives Barnes the highest number of hit albums of any Australian artist.
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Joan Allen
Joan Allen (born August 20, 1956) is an American actress. She worked in theatre, television and film during her early career, and achieved recognition for her Broadway debut in Burn This, winning a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in 1989.
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Joe Giard
Joseph Oscar Giard (October 7, 1898 - July 10, 1956) was an American major league baseball player.
http://wn.com/Joe_Giard -
Joe Montana
For the actor with a similarly pronounced name, see Joe Mantegna.
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Joe Satriani
Joseph "Joe" Satriani (born July 15, 1956 in Westbury, New York) is an Italian American multi-instrumentalist, known primarily for his work as an instrumental rock guitarist, with multiple Grammy Award nominations. Early in his career, Satriani worked as a guitar instructor, and some of his former students have achieved fame with their guitar skills (Steve Vai, Larry LaLonde, Kirk Hammett, Andy Timmons, Charlie Hunter, Kevin Cadogan, Alex Skolnick). Satriani has been a driving force in the music credited to other musicians throughout his career, as a founder of the ever-changing touring trio, G3, as well as performing in various positions with other musicians.
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Johan van der Velde
Johan van der Velde (born December 12, 1956 in Rijsbergen, Noord-Brabant) is a former Dutch cyclist. In the 1980 Tour de France he won the Maillot blanc, or white jersey, for being the best young rider under 25, also placing 12th overall that year. He had been a racing cyclist for only a year. In the 1981 Tour de France he took first place on the second and 21st stages, finishing 12th overall for the second year. He rode with TI-Raleigh in the Tour de France from 1979 to 1983, and Panasonic in 1986.
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John Bardeen
http://wn.com/John_Bardeen -
John Bodkin Adams
John Bodkin Adams (21 January 1899 – 4 July 1983) was an Irish-born British general practitioner, convicted fraudster and suspected serial killer. Between the years 1946-1956, more than 160 of his patients died under suspicious circumstances. Of these 132 left him money or items in their will. He was tried and acquitted for the murder of one patient in 1957. Another count of murder was withdrawn by the prosecution in what was later described as "an abuse of process" by the presiding judge Patrick Devlin, causing questions to be asked in Parliament about the prosecution's handling of events. The trial featured in headlines around the world and was described at the time as "one of the greatest murder trials of all time" and "murder trial of the century". It was also described at the time as "unique" because, in the words of the judge, "the act of murder" had "to be proved by expert evidence."
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John Culberson
John Abney Culberson (born August 24, 1956), American politician, is a Republican congressman from Texas, representing that state's 7th congressional district ([http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/preview/congdist/tx07_109.gif map]) in the U.S. House of Representatives since 2001. The district takes in large portions of western Houston and surrounding Harris County.
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John James (actor)
John James Anderson was born on April 18, 1956 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and is an American actor, best known to television audiences for playing the character of Jeff Colby in both the prime-time soap opera Dynasty and its spin-off series The Colbys throughout the 1980s.
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John Lydon
John Joseph Lydon (born 31 January 1956), also known by the former stage name Johnny Rotten, is a singer-songwriter and television presenter, best known as the lead singer of punk band the Sex Pistols from 1975 until 1978, and again for various revivals during the 1990s and 2000s. He is also well known as the lead singer of the post-punk band Public Image Ltd., which he founded and fronted from 1978 until 1993, and again in 2009-2010. A highly controversial figure, Lydon has vocalised his contempt for the British Royal Family as well as other contentious issues such as segregated education. Q Magazine remarked that "somehow he's assumed the status of national treasure."
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John T. Raulston
http://wn.com/John_T_Raulston -
Johnny Cash
http://wn.com/Johnny_Cash -
Johnny Owen
http://wn.com/Johnny_Owen -
Jon Walmsley
Jon Walmsley (born February 6, 1956 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England) is an actor best known for his role of "Jason Walton" in the series The Waltons. He has played many other roles in a career going back to 1966, although most people would probably be hard pressed to think of him as anyone other than Jason Walton. Since The Waltons ended he has concentrated on his musical and production careers rather than his acting career, although he has appeared in all of the "reunion" movies.
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Joseph Stalin
http://wn.com/Joseph_Stalin -
Joseph Wirth
Karl Joseph Wirth, known as Joseph Wirth, (6 September 1879 Freiburg im Breisgau – 3 January 1956 Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German politician of the Catholic Centre Party who served as Chancellor of Germany from 1921 to 1922. Along with his foreign minister, Walther Rathenau, Wirth set out to follow a policy of "fulfillment" with respect to Germany's reparations in order to show that Germany was incapable of payment.
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Josip Broz Tito
http://wn.com/Josip_Broz_Tito -
José Manuel Barroso
http://wn.com/José_Manuel_Barroso -
Juan Ramón Jiménez
http://wn.com/Juan_Ramón_Jiménez -
Judith Butler
Judith Butler (born 24 February 1956) is an American post-structuralist philosopher, who has contributed to the fields of feminism, queer theory, political philosophy, and ethics. She is currently the Maxine Elliott professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature departments at the University of California, Berkeley.
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Katherine MacDonald
Katherine Agnew MacDonald (December 14, 1891–June 4, 1956) was an American actress and film producer. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
http://wn.com/Katherine_MacDonald -
Kathleen Beller
Kathleen Beller (born February 19, 1956, in Westchester, New York) is an actress. She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture Actress in a Supporting Role for her role in Promises in the Dark (1979).
http://wn.com/Kathleen_Beller -
Kathleen Howard
Kathleen Howard (July 27, 1884 - April 15, 1956) was a Canadian-born opera singer (mezzo-soprano), magazine editor and US film character actress from the mid-1930s through the 1940s. She spent her childhood in Buffalo, NY and is buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery there.
http://wn.com/Kathleen_Howard -
Keisuke Kuwata
has gained fame as a Japanese multi-instrumentalist, singer-songwriter, and frontman for the Southern All-Stars, as well as his own solo band, the Kuwata band. He has lent a significant amount of his time scoring music to film. He went to Aoyama Gakuin University.
http://wn.com/Keisuke_Kuwata -
Kelly Ward
Kelly Ward (born on November 17, 1956 in San Diego, California) is an American actor and voice director for TV animation. He is most famous for his role as T-Bird's Putzie in Grease.
http://wn.com/Kelly_Ward -
Kelly Willard
Kelly Willard (born in Winter Haven, Florida) is a Contemporary Christian Musician best known for her praise and worship recordings. She was featured as a soloist on projects from Integrity, Vineyard Music, and Maranatha! Music. In addition she sang duets and background vocals with artists like Twila Paris and Keith Green; and did nine solo projects.
http://wn.com/Kelly_Willard -
Kenneth Eriksson
http://wn.com/Kenneth_Eriksson -
Kim Cattrall
Kim Victoria Cattrall (, born 21 August 1956) is an English actress. She is known for her role as Samantha Jones in the HBO comedy/romance series Sex and the City, and for her leading roles in the 1980s films Police Academy, Big Trouble in Little China, and Mannequin.
http://wn.com/Kim_Cattrall -
Kimberly Beck
Kimberly Beck (born January 9, 1956; Glendale, California) is an American actress with over sixty television and film roles to her credit.
http://wn.com/Kimberly_Beck -
Kirk Thornton
Kirk Thornton (Born Sean Thornton on May 13, 1956 in Portland, Oregon) is an American voice actor.
http://wn.com/Kirk_Thornton -
Klaus Allofs
http://wn.com/Klaus_Allofs -
Konstantin Päts
http://wn.com/Konstantin_Päts -
Koo Stark
Kathleen Dee-Anne Stark, better known as Koo Stark (born 26 April 1956), is an American film actress and photographer. She is perhaps best known for her appearance in the film Emily and subsequent relationship with Prince Andrew, son of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, before his marriage to Sarah, Duchess of York.
http://wn.com/Koo_Stark -
Kostas Karamanlis
Konstantinos Alexandrou Karamanlis, known as Kostas Karamanlis (, ; born 14 September 1956) is a former Prime Minister of Greece and former president of the right-conservative New Democracy party, founded by his uncle Konstantinos Karamanlis. He served as Prime Minister for two consecutive terms, winning the 7 March 2004 parliamentary elections and the 16 September 2007 parliamentary elections. However, he asked for mid-term general elections to be held on 4 October 2009. The main reason for the mid-term election was the narrow majority his party enjoyed in Parliament that could not guarantee a stable government needed to handle the economic crisis and its repercussions. On 5 October 2009, Karamanlis conceded defeat in the Greek legislative election and resigned as president of the New Democracy party after 12 years as its leader, after an election victory for the opposition PASOK.
http://wn.com/Kostas_Karamanlis -
Krystian Zimerman
Krystian Zimerman (born December 5, 1956) is a Polish classical pianist who is widely regarded as one of the finest pianists alive.
http://wn.com/Krystian_Zimerman -
Kōji Yakusho
is a Japanese actor.
http://wn.com/Kōji_Yakusho -
La Toya Jackson
La Toya Yvonne Jackson (born May 29, 1956) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, author, television personality, actress, businesswoman, activist and former model . She is the fifth child of the Jackson family. She had a career as a singer throughout the 1980s and 1990s, and returned to music in 2004 with her Billboard charting songs "Just Wanna Dance" and "Free the World". A forthcoming album, ''Startin' Over'', has yet to be released.
http://wn.com/La_Toya_Jackson -
Lani Brockman
Lani Brockman (born on December 11, 1956 in Seattle) is an American theater actress and director. She is the founder and Artistic Director of Studio East.
http://wn.com/Lani_Brockman -
Larry Bird
Larry Joe Bird (born December 7, 1956) is a former American NBA basketball player and coach. Drafted into the NBA sixth overall by the Boston Celtics in 1978, Bird started at small forward and power forward for thirteen seasons, teaming with legendary center Robert Parish and forward Kevin McHale. Due to back problems, he retired as a player from the NBA in 1992. Bird was voted to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team in 1996 and inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1998.
http://wn.com/Larry_Bird -
Lars von Trier
Lars von Trier (; born Lars Trier; 30 April 1956) is a Danish film director and screenwriter. He is closely associated with the Dogme 95 collective, although his own films have taken a variety of different approaches. He is known for his female-centric parables and his exploration of controversial subject matter.
http://wn.com/Lars_von_Trier -
Laurence Olivier
http://wn.com/Laurence_Olivier -
Lee Ranaldo
Lee M. Ranaldo (born February 3, 1956) is an American singer, guitarist, writer, record producer, and visual artist, best known as a co-founder of the rock band Sonic Youth. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Ranaldo and Thurston Moore, of Sonic Youth, the 33rd and 34th Greatest Guitarists of All Time, respectively.
http://wn.com/Lee_Ranaldo -
Leo Laporte
http://wn.com/Leo_Laporte -
Leslie Cheung
http://wn.com/Leslie_Cheung -
Linda Hamilton
Linda Carroll Hamilton (born September 26, 1956) is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Sarah Connor in The Terminator and its sequel and Catherine Chandler in the television series Beauty and the Beast, for which she was nominated for two Golden Globes and an Emmy.
http://wn.com/Linda_Hamilton -
Lionel Crabb
Lionel "Buster" Crabb OBE, GM (28 January 1909 - presumed dead 19 April 1956) was a British Royal Navy frogman and MI6 diver who vanished during a reconnaissance mission around a Soviet cruiser in 1956.
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Lisa Niemi
Lisa Niemi (born May 26, 1956) is a Finnish-American actress and dancer. She was married to actor, singer and dancer Patrick Swayze from 1975 until his death in 2009.
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Lise-Marie Morerod
Lise-Marie Morerod (born 16 April 1956) is a Swiss former slalom skier. In 1977, she was women's overall season champion.
http://wn.com/Lise-Marie_Morerod -
Lorenzo Perosi
Monsignor Lorenzo Perosi (21 December 1872 - 12 October 1956) was an Italian composer of sacred music and the only member of the Giovane Scuola who did not write opera. In the late 1890s, while he was still only in his 20s, Perosi was an internationally celebrated composer of sacred music, especially large-scale oratorios. Nobel Prize winner Romain Rolland wrote: "It's not easy to give you an exact idea of how popular Lorenzo Perosi is in his native country." Perosi's fame was not restricted to Europe. A 19 March 1899 New York Times article entitled "The Genius of Don Perosi" began: "The great and ever-increasing success which has greeted the four new oratorios of Don Lorenzo Perosi has placed this young priest-composer on a pedestal of fame which can only be compared with that which has been accorded of late years to the idolized Pietro Mascagni by his fellow-countrymen." Gianandrea Gavazzeni made the same comparison: "The sudden clamors of applause, at the end of the [19th] century, were just like those a decade earlier for Mascagni." Perosi worked for five Popes, including Pope St. Pius X who greatly fostered his rise.
http://wn.com/Lorenzo_Perosi -
Lotte Herrlich
Lotte Herrlich (1883-1956) was a German photographer. She is regarded as the most important female photographer of the German naturism. This mainly was during the 1920s, in which the Freikorperkultur (Free Body Culture) was popular within Germany, before the Nazi Party assumed the power (1930s), promptly prohibiting it.
http://wn.com/Lotte_Herrlich -
Louis Bromfield
Louis Bromfield (December 27, 1896 – March 18, 1956) was an American author and conservationist who gained international recognition winning the Pulitzer Prize and pioneering innovative scientific farming concepts.
http://wn.com/Louis_Bromfield -
Louis Calhern
Louis Calhern (February 19, 1895 – May 12, 1956) was an American stage and screen actor.
http://wn.com/Louis_Calhern -
Lounès Matoub
http://wn.com/Lounès_Matoub -
Lucy Gutteridge
Lucy Karima Gutteridge (born 28 November 1956) is an English actress.
http://wn.com/Lucy_Gutteridge -
Lynde D. McCormick
Admiral Lynde Dupuy McCormick (August 12, 1895 – August 16, 1956) was a four-star admiral in the United States Navy who served as vice chief of naval operations from 1950 to 1951 and as commander in chief of the United States Atlantic Fleet from 1951 to 1954, and was the first supreme allied commander of all NATO forces in the Atlantic.
http://wn.com/Lynde_D_McCormick -
Lyonel Feininger
Lyonel Charles Feininger (July 17, 1871 January 13, 1956) was a German-American painter and caricaturist.
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Lys Assia
Lys Assia (born 3 March 1926, Rupperswil, Aargau, Switzerland) is a Swiss singer.
http://wn.com/Lys_Assia -
Mae Jemison
Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an African American physician and NASA astronaut. She became the first African American woman to travel in space when she went into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour on September 12, 1992.
http://wn.com/Mae_Jemison -
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
http://wn.com/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad -
Majida El Roumi
http://wn.com/Majida_El_Roumi -
Makarios III
http://wn.com/Makarios_III -
Margaret Truman
http://wn.com/Margaret_Truman -
Margaret Wycherly
http://wn.com/Margaret_Wycherly -
Marie Doro
Marie Doro (May 25, 1882 – October 9, 1956) was an American stage and film actress of the early silent film era.
http://wn.com/Marie_Doro -
Marilyn Monroe
http://wn.com/Marilyn_Monroe -
Marion Leonard
http://wn.com/Marion_Leonard -
Mark Mangino
Mark Thomas Mangino (born August 26, 1956 in New Castle, Pennsylvania) is an American football coach. He was most recently the head coach of the Kansas Jayhawks college football team from 2002 to 2009. In 2007, Mangino received several National Coach of the Year honors after leading the Jayhawks to their first 12-win season in school history. Prior to coaching the Jayhawks, Mangino served assistant positions at Kansas State and Oklahoma. On December 3, 2009, after allegations of verbal and physical player abuse, Mangino and the Jayhawks agreed on a settlement in which he resigned from his position as head coach.
http://wn.com/Mark_Mangino -
Mark Morris
Mark William Morris (born 29 August 1956) is an American dancer, choreographer and director whose work is acclaimed for its craftsmanship, ingenuity, humor, and at times eclectic musical accompaniments. Morris is popular among dance aficionados, the music world, as well as mainstream audiences.
http://wn.com/Mark_Morris -
Mark R. Hughes
http://wn.com/Mark_R_Hughes -
Martin Jol
Maarten Cornelis "Martin" Jol (born 16 January 1956) is a Dutch football manager and former midfielder. Prior to joining Ajax he managed German club Hamburger SV and English Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur. Jol played over 400 games during his career which included spells in the Netherlands, Germany, and England, as well as earning three caps with the Dutch national team.
http://wn.com/Martin_Jol -
Martina Navratilova
Martina Navratilova (born October 18, 1956) is a Czech American and former Czechoslovak tennis player and a former World No. 1. Billie Jean King said about Navratilova in 2006, "She's the greatest singles, doubles and mixed doubles player who's ever lived."
http://wn.com/Martina_Navratilova -
Mary Martin
http://wn.com/Mary_Martin -
Masami Akita
http://wn.com/Masami_Akita -
Masashi Tashiro
is a former Japanese television performer and the founding member of the band Rats & Star who was born on August 31, 1956 in Karatsu, Saga Prefecture, Japan. Tashiro was a tenor vocalist in the rock band Rats & Star, and later on made himself a name as a TV entertainer in Japan. He also directed a movie after his band broke up.
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Maureen McCormick
Maureen Denise McCormick (born August 5, 1956) is an American actress, celebrity and recording artist. She is most widely known as a child actor who played Marcia Brady in the television series The Brady Bunch from 1969 to 1974.
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Maurice Tate
http://wn.com/Maurice_Tate -
Mel Gibson
Mel Colm-Cille Gerard Gibson, AO (born January 3, 1956) is an American actor, film director, producer and screenwriter. Born in Peekskill, New York, Gibson moved with his parents to Sydney when he was 12 years old and later studied acting at the Australian National Institute of Dramatic Art.
http://wn.com/Mel_Gibson -
Mel Harris
Mel Harris (Mary Ellen Harris) (born July 12, 1956, Bethlehem) - an American actress.
http://wn.com/Mel_Harris -
Melody Thomas Scott
Melody Thomas Scott (born April 18, 1956) is an American actress best known for playing Nikki Newman on the soap opera The Young and the Restless.
http://wn.com/Melody_Thomas_Scott -
Merzbow
is the main recording name of Japanese noise musician . Since 1979 he has released in excess of 350 recordings on numerous independent record labels.
http://wn.com/Merzbow -
Michael Biehn
Michael Connell Biehn (born July 31, 1956) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in James Cameron's science fiction action films The Terminator, Aliens, and The Abyss. He has also acted in other genres in such films as Tombstone, The Rock, and Planet Terror. On television, Biehn appeared in the cast of the Emmy Award-winning 1980s television series Hill Street Blues.
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Michele Alboreto
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http://wn.com/Michele_Alboreto -
Miladin Šobić
http://wn.com/Miladin_Šobić -
Milburn G. Apt
http://wn.com/Milburn_G_Apt -
Milovan Đilas
http://wn.com/Milovan_Đilas -
Mimi Rogers
Mimi Rogers (born January 27, 1956) is an American movie actress and competitive poker player.
http://wn.com/Mimi_Rogers -
Mistinguett
http://wn.com/Mistinguett -
Mohsen Badawi
Mohsen Badawi (Arabic: ; born November 10, 1956, in Cairo, Egypt) is an entrepreneur, political activist, and writer.
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Nate Saint
"Nate" Saint (August 30, 1923 – January 8, 1956) was an evangelical Christian missionary pilot to Ecuador who, along with four others, was killed while attempting to evangelize the Waodani people through efforts known as Operation Auca.
http://wn.com/Nate_Saint -
Nathan Lane
Nathan Lane is a two-time Tony and Emmy award-winning American actor of stage and screen. He is best known for his roles as Albert in The Birdcage, Max Bialystock in the musical The Producers, Ernie Smuntz in MouseHunt, Nathan Detroit in Guys and Dolls, Pseudolus in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, and his voice work in The Lion King and Stuart Little. In 2008, he was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame.
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Nicanor Duarte
http://wn.com/Nicanor_Duarte -
Nigel Kennedy
Nigel Kennedy (born 28 December 1956) is an English violinist and violist.
http://wn.com/Nigel_Kennedy -
Nikita Khrushchev
http://wn.com/Nikita_Khrushchev -
Nikolay Semenov
http://wn.com/Nikolay_Semenov -
Nikolay Sidorov
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Sidorov (; born November 23, 1956) is a former Soviet track and field athlete where he won the soviet 100 metre championships on 2 occasions, he was then the winner of the gold medal in the 4x100 m relay at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
http://wn.com/Nikolay_Sidorov -
Noel Brotherston
Noel Brotherston (18 November 1956 – 6 May 1995) was a footballer.
http://wn.com/Noel_Brotherston -
Noel Mugavin
Noel Mugavin (born 28 June 1956 in Warrnambool) is a former Australian rules footballer who played his short but bright career with Fitzroy and Richmond in the VFL.
http://wn.com/Noel_Mugavin -
Norman Kerry
http://wn.com/Norman_Kerry -
Pat Finn
Patrick "Pat" Finn (born July 24, 1956) is the former host of several game shows. He is the owner of the production company Rubicon Entertainment.
http://wn.com/Pat_Finn -
Pat McGeown
Pat "Beag" McGeown (3 September 1956 – 1 October 1996) was a volunteer in the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who took part in the 1981 Irish hunger strike.
http://wn.com/Pat_McGeown -
Patricia Kalember
Patricia Kathryn Kalember (born December 30, 1957) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Georgie on the NBC television show Sisters from 1991 to 1996. Before that, she portrayed Susannah on the popular 1980s television show Thirtysomething.
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Paul Kelly (actor)
http://wn.com/Paul_Kelly_(actor) -
Paul Molitor
http://wn.com/Paul_Molitor -
Paul Rostock
Paul Rostock (January 18, 1892 - June 17, 1956) was a German official, surgeon, and university professor. He was Chief of the Office for Medical Science and Research (Amtschef der Dienststelle Medizinische Wissenschaft und Forschung) under Third Reich Commissioner Karl Brandt and a Full Professor, Medical Doctorate, Medical Superintendent of the University of Berlin Surgical Clinic.
http://wn.com/Paul_Rostock -
Paula Zahn
Paula Ann Zahn (born February 24, 1956) is an American journalist, newscaster, former news anchor on ABC News, CBS News, Fox News, and CNN. On July 24, 2007, she announced her resignation from CNN. The final broadcast of Paula Zahn Now aired August 2, 2007. In January 2009, Discovery Communications announced that Zahn had entered into a development deal for a newsmagazine series, On the Case with Paula Zahn. The series, which profiles real crime stories, premiered October 18, 2009 on the Investigation Discovery cable channel.
http://wn.com/Paula_Zahn -
Peaches Browning
http://wn.com/Peaches_Browning -
Pete Fleming
:''
http://wn.com/Pete_Fleming -
Peter R. de Vries
Peter Rudolf de Vries (born 14 November 1956 in Aalsmeer, North Holland) is a Dutch crime reporter. His television program covers high profile cases and set a Dutch television viewing record. In 2005, he started his own political party which was disbanded soon after.
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Phillip D. Bissett
Phillip D. Bissett (born September 11, 1956), was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, District 30 in Anne Arundel County and is a former Republican candidate for Anne Arundel County Executive.
http://wn.com/Phillip_D_Bissett -
Phillip Longman
http://wn.com/Phillip_Longman -
Pierre Mendès France
http://wn.com/Pierre_Mendès_France -
Pietro Badoglio
http://wn.com/Pietro_Badoglio -
Pio Valenzuela
http://wn.com/Pio_Valenzuela -
Possum Bourne
Peter Raymond George "Possum" Bourne (April 13, 1956 - April 30, 2003) was a champion New Zealand rally car driver. He died under non-competitive circumstances while driving on a public road that was to be the track for an upcoming race.
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Ralph DePalma
Ralph DePalma (December 18, 1882 – March 31, 1956) was an Italian-American racecar driving champion, most notably winner of the 1915 Indianapolis 500. His entry at the International Motorsports Hall of Fame estimates that he won about 2000 races. DePalma won the 1908, 1909, 1910, and 1911 American AAA national dirt track championships and is credited with winning 24 American Champ car races. He won the Canadian national championship in 1929. DePalma estimated that he had earned $1.5 million by 1934 after racing for 27 years. He is inducted in numerous halls of fame. He competed on boards and dirt road courses and ovals.
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Ralph Morgan
http://wn.com/Ralph_Morgan -
Randy Jackson
Randall Darius "Randy" Jackson (born June 23, 1956) is an American bassist, singer, record producer, music manager, A&R; executive and television personality. He is best known as a judge on American Idol and Executive Producer for MTV's ''America's Best Dance Crew''. Jackson has won a Grammy Award as a producer.
http://wn.com/Randy_Jackson -
Randy Rhoads
http://wn.com/Randy_Rhoads -
Ray Combs
Raymond Neil "Ray" Combs, Jr. (April 3, 1956 – June 2, 1996) was an American comedian, actor, and host of the game show Family Feud on CBS and in syndication from 1988 to 1994.
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Ray Wilkins
Raymond Colin Wilkins MBE (born 14 September 1956 in Hillingdon, Middlesex), often known as "Butch" Wilkins, was an English football player and is now a coach and occasional television pundit. He is the brother of former Brighton & Hove Albion manager and player Dean Wilkins. He is currently the assistant manager of Chelsea.
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Reynold B. Johnson
Reynold B. Johnson (July 16, 1906 - September 15, 1998) was an American inventor and computer pioneer. A long-time employee of IBM, Johnson is said to be the "father" of the disk drive. Other inventions include automatic test scoring equipment and the videocassette tape.
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Richard Curtis
Richard Whalley Anthony Curtis, CBE (born 8 November 1958) is New Zealand-born British screenwriter, music producer, actor and film director, known primarily for romantic comedy films such as Four Weddings and a Funeral, ''Bridget Jones's Diary, Notting Hill, and Love Actually, as well as the hit sitcoms Blackadder, Mr. Bean and The Vicar of Dibley''. He is also the founder of the British charity Comic Relief.
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Richard S. Edwards
Admiral Richard Stanislaus Edwards (18 February 1885 – 2 June 1956) served in the United States Navy during World War I and World War II.
http://wn.com/Richard_S_Edwards -
Rick Ducommun
Richard "Rick" Ducommun (born July 3, 1956) is a Canadian actor and comedian, often seen in supporting roles on both television and the silver screen.
http://wn.com/Rick_Ducommun -
Rita Wilson
Rita Wilson (born October 26, 1956) is an American actress and producer.
http://wn.com/Rita_Wilson -
Rob Paulsen
Robert Fredrick Paulsen III (born March 11, 1956), sometimes credited as Rob Paulson, is an American voice actor, best known as the voice behind Raphael from the 1987 cartoon of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Yakko Warner and Dr. Otto Scratchansniff from Animaniacs, Pinky from Pinky and the Brain and Animaniacs, and Throttle from the 1990s and 2006 versions of Biker Mice From Mars. His role as Yakko won him a Daytime Emmy Award for male vocal performance; he won a second one for his portrayal of Pinky.
http://wn.com/Rob_Paulsen -
Robert Newton
http://wn.com/Robert_Newton -
Robin Curtis
Robin Curtis (born June 15, 1956) is an American actress, most notable for playing Vulcan Lieutenant Saavik in the Star Trek films.
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Rocky Marciano
http://wn.com/Rocky_Marciano -
Roderick MacKinnon
Roderick MacKinnon (born 19 February 1956) is a professor of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics at Rockefeller University who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Peter Agre in 2003 for his work on the structure and operation of ion channels.
http://wn.com/Roderick_MacKinnon -
Roger Vadim
http://wn.com/Roger_Vadim -
Roger Youderian
Roger Youderian (January 21, 1924 – January 8, 1956) was an Armenian-American evangelical Christian missionary to Ecuador who, along with four others, was killed while attempting to evangelize the Huaorani people through efforts known as Operation Auca.
http://wn.com/Roger_Youderian -
Ron White
http://wn.com/Ron_White -
Ronald Winans
http://wn.com/Ronald_Winans -
Ronan Bennett
Ronan Bennett (born 1956) is a Northern Irish novelist and screenwriter. He was raised in a devout Roman Catholic family headed by William H. and Geraldine Bennett at 420 Merville Garden Village in the Whitehouse area of Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland. Since its development in the late-1940s, Merville has always been proud of its mixed Roman Catholic/Protestant make up. Bennett attended the Christian Brothers Grammar School in West Belfast (generally known as St Mary's CBGS).
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Ruth Draper
Ruth Draper (born December 2, 1884, New York City - died December 30, 1956, New York, New York) was an American actress and dramatist. She specialized in character-driven monologues and monodrama.
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Sam Langford
Sam Langford (March 4, 1883 - January 12, 1956) was a Black Canadian boxing standout of the early part of the 20th century. Called the "Greatest Fighter Nobody Knows," by ESPN. He was rated #2 by The Ring on their list of "100 greatest punchers of all time". Langford was originally from Weymouth Falls, a small community in Nova Scotia, Canada. He was known as the "Boston Bonecrusher", "Boston Terror" or by his most infamous nickname the "Boston Tar Baby," Langford stood only and weighed in his prime.
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Samuel Gottesman
http://wn.com/Samuel_Gottesman -
Sandi Patty
Sandi Patty (born July 12, 1956 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), known as "The Voice," is an American Contemporary Christian music singer.
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Sayuri Yamauchi
http://wn.com/Sayuri_Yamauchi -
Sebastian Coe
Sebastian Newbold Coe, Baron Coe, KBE (born 29 September 1956), often known by his nickname Seb Coe, is a former athlete and politician from the United Kingdom. A middle distance runner, Coe won four Olympic medals, including the 1500 m gold medal at the Olympic Games in 1980 and 1984, and set eight outdoor and three indoor world records in middle distance track events (and also participated in a world record relay). His rivalries with fellow Britons Steve Ovett and Steve Cram dominated middle-distance racing for much of the 1980s.
http://wn.com/Sebastian_Coe -
Sebastian Spreng
Sebastian Spreng (born April 6, 1956) is an Argentine-American visual artist and music journalist.
http://wn.com/Sebastian_Spreng -
Sela Ward
http://wn.com/Sela_Ward -
Sergei Beloglazov
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Sergei_Beloglazov -
Shahla Sherkat
Shahla Sherkat (Born March 30, 1956 Isfahan, Iran) is a journalist, prominent Persian feminist author, and one of the pioneers of Women's rights movement in Iran.
http://wn.com/Shahla_Sherkat -
Shane Gould
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Shane_Gould -
Shawn Colvin
Shawn Colvin (born January 10, 1956) is an American singer-songwriter and musician.
http://wn.com/Shawn_Colvin -
Sheila Kaye-Smith
http://wn.com/Sheila_Kaye-Smith -
Shelagh Rogers
Shelagh Rogers (born 1956) is a Canadian radio broadcaster. She is currently the host of CBC Radio One's The Next Chapter.
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Sheryl Lee Ralph
Sheryl Lee Ralph (born December 30, 1956 in Waterbury, Connecticut) is an American actress and singer.
http://wn.com/Sheryl_Lee_Ralph -
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar
http://wn.com/Sri_Sri_Ravi_Shankar -
Stepfanie Kramer
Stepfanie Kramer (born August 6, 1956) is an American actress, writer, and singer/songwriter. She is probably best known for her role as the tough-minded detective, "Sgt. Dee Dee McCall," on the NBC TV series Hunter." She has been nominated for an Emmy in Special Class Programming and won the Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress Award, honored by the First Americans in the Arts organization in 1995, 2002, and 2003. She was voted one of the most beautiful women in television in 1988, through a national TV Guide poll of viewers. Kramer has written and directed for television, and is also a singer.
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Stephanie Zimbalist
Stephanie Zimbalist (born October 8, 1956) is an American actress best known for her role as Laura Holt on the NBC detective series Remington Steele.
http://wn.com/Stephanie_Zimbalist -
Steve Ballmer
Steven Anthony "Steve" Ballmer (born March 24, 1956) has been the chief executive officer of Microsoft Corporation since January 2000. , he is one of the richest people in the world with a personal wealth estimated at US$13.1 billion.
http://wn.com/Steve_Ballmer -
Steve Green (singer)
Steve Green (born August 1, 1956 in Portland, Oregon) is a Contemporary Christian music singer notable for his vocal range (tenor) and flexible solo style. Over his twenty-five year career, Green has been honored as a four-time Grammy Award nominee, seven-time Dove Award winner, has had 13 No. 1 songs, and has sold over three million albums. .
http://wn.com/Steve_Green_(singer) -
Steven Miller
http://wn.com/Steven_Miller -
Sue Barker
Susan Barker, MBE (born 19 April 1956, in Paignton, Devon, England) is an English television presenter and former professional tennis player. During her tennis career, she won the women's singles title at the French Open and reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 4. She is now one of the main sports presenters at the BBC.
http://wn.com/Sue_Barker -
Sugar Ray Leonard
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard -
Teena Marie
http://wn.com/Teena_Marie -
The Aldridge Sisters
The Aldridge Sisters, Sheila and Sherry Aldridge, are an American singing act that appeared on The Lawrence Welk Show from 1977 to 1982.
http://wn.com/The_Aldridge_Sisters -
The Boomtown Rats
The Boomtown Rats were an Irish punk rock band that had a series of UK hits between 1977 and 1980. They were led by vocalist Bob Geldof.
http://wn.com/The_Boomtown_Rats -
Theodore Kosloff
Theodore Kosloff (January 22, 1882 – November 22, 1956) was a Russian-born ballet dancer, choreographer and film and stage actor. He was occasionally credited as Theodor Kosloff.
http://wn.com/Theodore_Kosloff -
Tim Daly
James Timothy "Tim" Daly (born March 1, 1956) is an American stage, screen and voice actor, director and producer. He is best known for his television role as Joe Hackett on the NBC sitcom Wings and for his voice role as Superman/Clark Kent in , as well as his recurring role of the drug-addicted screenwriter J.T. Dolan on The Sopranos for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award. He is currently starring as Pete Wilder on Private Practice.
http://wn.com/Tim_Daly -
Tom Burlinson
Tom Burlinson (born 14 February 1956, in Toronto, Canada) is an Australian actor and singer.
http://wn.com/Tom_Burlinson -
Tom Hanks
Thomas Jeffrey "Tom" Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor, producer, writer and director. Hanks worked in television and family-friendly comedies, gaining wide notice in 1988's Big, before achieving success as a dramatic actor in several notable roles, including Andrew Beckett in Philadelphia, the title role in Forrest Gump, Commander James A. Lovell in Apollo 13, Captain John H. Miller in Saving Private Ryan, Joe Fox in ''You've Got Mail and Chuck Noland in Cast Away. Hanks won consecutive Best Actor Academy Awards, in 1993 for Philadelphia and in 1994 for Forrest Gump''. U.S. domestic box office totals for his films exceed $3.9 billion. He is the father of actor Colin Hanks.
http://wn.com/Tom_Hanks -
Tony Kushner
Anthony Robert "Tony" Kushner (born 16 July 1956) is an American playwright and screenwriter. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1993 for his play, , and co-authored with Eric Roth the screenplay for the 2005 film, Munich.
http://wn.com/Tony_Kushner -
Ursula Plassnik
Ursula Plassnik (born May 23, 1956 in Klagenfurt) is an Austrian diplomat and politician. She was Foreign Minister of Austria between October 2004 and December 2008.
http://wn.com/Ursula_Plassnik -
Vladimir Kulich
Ambox
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Kulich -
Vladimir Lisin
Vladimir Lisin (born 7 May 1956, Ivanovo) is a Russian businessman specialised in the steel industry. He is considered by the Forbes magazine to be the richest man in Russia with an estimated net worth of $20.3 billion, judging by the Forbes magazine (2010).
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Lisin -
Vladimír Godár
http://wn.com/Vladimír_Godár -
Vladislav Listyev
http://wn.com/Vladislav_Listyev -
Vyacheslav Molotov
http://wn.com/Vyacheslav_Molotov -
Walter de la Mare
http://wn.com/Walter_de_la_Mare -
Walter Gieseking
Walter Wilhelm Gieseking (5 November 189526 October 1956) was a French-born German pianist and composer.
http://wn.com/Walter_Gieseking -
Waodani
http://wn.com/Waodani -
Warren Moon
Harold Warren Moon (born November 18, 1956 in Los Angeles, California) is a former American professional football quarterback who played for the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos and the National Football League's Houston Oilers, Minnesota Vikings, Seattle Seahawks and Kansas City Chiefs. He is currently a broadcaster for the Seattle Seahawks.
http://wn.com/Warren_Moon -
Warsaw Pact
http://wn.com/Warsaw_Pact -
Werner Forssmann
http://wn.com/Werner_Forssmann -
Wilhelm Miklas
Wilhelm Miklas (born 15 October 1872 20 March 1956) was an Austrian politician who served as the third President of Austria, from 1928 until its annexation by Nazi Germany in the Anschluss 1938.
http://wn.com/Wilhelm_Miklas -
William Fichtner
William Edward Fichtner (born November 27, 1956) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Sheriff Tom Underlay on Invasion, as Alexander Mahone on Prison Break and as Ken Rosenberg in the video games ' and '.
http://wn.com/William_Fichtner -
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
http://wn.com/William_Shakespeare -
William Shockley
William Bradford Shockley Jr. (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American physicist and inventor. Along with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain, Shockley co-invented the transistor, for which all three were awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics.
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Win Lyovarin
http://wn.com/Win_Lyovarin -
Yasuo Tanaka
:For the astrophysicist, see Yasuo Tanaka (astronomer)
http://wn.com/Yasuo_Tanaka -
Yiannis Kouros
Yiannis Kouros (born February 13, 1956 in Tripoli, Greece) is a Greek ultramarathon runner based in Melbourne. He is sometimes called the "Running God" or the "Pheidippides Successor". He holds every men's world record from 100 to 1,000 miles and from 24 hours to 10 days. In 1991, he starred as Pheidippides in the movie ''The Story of the Marathon: A Hero's Journey'', which chronicles the history of marathon running.
http://wn.com/Yiannis_Kouros -
Yogi Berra
Lawrence Peter "Yogi" Berra (born May 12, 1925) is a former American Major League Baseball player and manager. He played almost his entire career for the New York Yankees and was elected to the baseball Hall of Fame in 1972. Berra was one of only four players to be named the Most Valuable Player of the American League three times and one of only six managers to lead both American and National League teams to the World Series.
http://wn.com/Yogi_Berra -
Yoshiaki Yatsu
http://wn.com/Yoshiaki_Yatsu -
Yul Brynner
http://wn.com/Yul_Brynner
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Lincoln Assassination Eyewitness (Feb 9, 1956)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:29
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
No tobacco-related comments approved. Lincoln Assassination Witness appears on "I've Got a Secret". The panelists on this show were, left to right (in order of appearance): Bill Cullen, Jayne Meadows, Henry Morgan, and Lucille Ball. The host was Gary Moore. You can read a 1954 newspaper interview with Mr. Seymour at news.google.com
http://wn.com/Lincoln_Assassination_Eyewitness_Feb_9,_1956
YouTube - The Great Pretender-The Platters(1956)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
YouTube - The Great Pretender-The Platters(1956)
http://wn.com/YouTube_The_Great_Pretender-The_Platters1956
Spectacular New York, 1956
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:04
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
A tour of New York in 1956 in color.Topurchase a clean DVD or digital download of this film for personal home use or educational use contact us at questions@archivefarms.com. To license footage from this film for commercial use visit: www.travelfilmarchive.com
http://wn.com/Spectacular_New_York,_1956
1956 - Hungarian Revolution
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
A magyar forradalom emlékére (Ludwig van Beethoven: Egmont-nyitány)
http://wn.com/1956_Hungarian_Revolution
Design for Dreaming 1956 General Motors Motorama Film
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:17
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Set at the 1956 General Motors Motorama, this is one of the key Populuxe films of the 1950s, showing futuristic dream cars and Frigidaire's "Kitchen of the Future."
http://wn.com/Design_for_Dreaming_1956_General_Motors_Motorama_Film
Last footage from Laurel & Hardy ever! In 1956!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
You will see a home movie that was taken at the house from stan. Ollie was visit Stan in 1956. The footage is in color. Enjoy!
http://wn.com/Last_footage_from_Laurel_Hardy_ever!_In_1956!
Eurovision Song Contest 1956 Winner - Switzerland - Lys Assia - Refrain (Chorus)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
The winner of the first Eurovision Song Contest who was held in Switzerland and won by Switzerland.
http://wn.com/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1956_Winner_Switzerland_Lys_Assia_Refrain_Chorus
Thrill Driver's Choice 1956 Chevrolet Automobile Film
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:18
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
Chevrolet Action Release No. 2: Thrill Drivers' Choice
http://wn.com/Thrill_Driver's_Choice_1956_Chevrolet_Automobile_Film
Popeye the Sailor: Parlez Vous Woo (1956)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:13
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
Olive is so captived by "The International", a radio personality with a French accent, that she'd rather stay home than go out on a date with Popeye. Bluto, overhearing this, comes to the door as the character. Popeye does his best to get Olive back, to no avail. Finally, Bluto challenges Popeye to a duel, ultimately stabbing him in the chest where his can of spinach was. Popeye unmasks Bluto, then eats another can of spinach to give himself a French accent. Public Domain.
http://wn.com/Popeye_the_Sailor_Parlez_Vous_Woo_1956
Long Tall Sally - 1956 "Little Richard"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Pionero en el Género "Arquitecto del Rock", Little Richard nos muestra uno de sus innumerables exitos, gloria que opacara el talento del Rey Elvis, para muchos por su color de piel.
http://wn.com/Long_Tall_Sally_1956_Little_Richard
Bill Haley - Rock Around The Clock (1956)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
The DVD "The Legends of Rock & Roll"states this clip is from the Ted Steel show WOR-TV, New York (1955). Apparently, it is from Washington Square, a show hosted by Ray Bolger (1956).
http://wn.com/Bill_Haley_Rock_Around_The_Clock_1956
FEVER - Little Willie John - 1956
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
This is great! Enjoy!
http://wn.com/FEVER_Little_Willie_John_1956
Harry Belafonte - "Banana Boat Song (Day O)" - 1956
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
Harry Belafonte - "Banana Boat (Day O)" - 1956
http://wn.com/Harry_Belafonte_Banana_Boat_Song_Day_O_1956
Sir Stirling Moss wins the 1956 Monaco GP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:00
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Sir StIrling Moss wins the 1956 Monaco GP
http://wn.com/Sir_Stirling_Moss_wins_the_1956_Monaco_GP
Formula 1 - 1956 Nurburgring Juan Manuel Fangio
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Formula 1 - 1956 Nurburgring Juan Manuel Fangio
http://wn.com/Formula_1_1956_Nurburgring_Juan_Manuel_Fangio
Moby Dick (1956)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 110:28
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Moby Dick is a 1956 film adaptation of Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick. It was directed by John Huston with a screenplay by Ray Bradbury and the director. The film starred Gregory Peck, Richard Basehart, and Leo Genn.
http://wn.com/Moby_Dick_1956
Duke Ellington at Newport 1956
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
From Ken Burns Jazz - The story of the dancing woman, Paul Gonzalves and the 27 chorus sax solo at the1956 Newport Jazz Festival.
http://wn.com/Duke_Ellington_at_Newport_1956
The Red Balloon - 1956
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:45
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
A wonderful movie I first saw as a kid in 3rd grade. Enjoy all. :)
http://wn.com/The_Red_Balloon_1956
"Angry Monkey" Running at last! 1956 Triumph TR6 Kustom Bobber. built by Dan Patterson.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
See more at www.angrymonkeymotorcycles.com
http://wn.com/Angry_Monkey_Running_at_last!_1956_Triumph_TR6_Kustom_Bobber_built_by_Dan_Patterson
1956 World Champion Fly Fishing Demonstration
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Several amazing 16mm sound films were recently found and have been converter to DV! Here's my best try at showing them to the world. Visit fishinghistory.blogspot.com Dr. Todd Larson's Fishing for History Blog and find out everything you ever wanted to know about fishing; but were afraid to ask! In 1956 Garcia; the exclusive distributor for Mitchell Reels in North America made three demonstration films to help teach people how to fish with a fly reel, an ABU 5000 bait caster and how to use their Mitchell 300 spinning reel fish. The instructor in these films is Johnny Dieckman, the World Casting Champion! Visit us at http for more information or Ask Questions at mitchellreelmuseum.com on the Mitchell Mates International Discussion Group website. Tight Lines, Wallace Carney
http://wn.com/1956_World_Champion_Fly_Fishing_Demonstration
Miles Davis - It Never Entred My Mind (1956)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:27
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
From Workin´ with the Miles Davis Qiuntet. Miles Davis (trump) Philly Joe Jones (drums) Red Garland (piano) Paul Chambers (bass)
http://wn.com/Miles_Davis_It_Never_Entred_My_Mind_1956
1956 Le Mans - Mike Hawthorn Jaguar OnBoard Lap
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:17
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Mike Hawthorn drives a Jaguar D-Type in Le Mans in 1956
http://wn.com/1956_Le_Mans_Mike_Hawthorn_Jaguar_OnBoard_Lap
Brigitte Bardot-And God Created Woman(1956)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Brigitte_Bardot-And_God_Created_Woman1956
Photo: AP / Adel Hana
14 Nov 2012
GAZA (Reuters) - Israel launched a major offensive against Palestinian militants in Gaza on Wednesday, killing the military commander of Hamas in an air strike and threatening an invasion of the...
Photo: US Army / Public Domain
13 Nov 2012
WASHINGTON - David Petraeus's downfall took another victim Tuesday as the current U.S. commander in Afghanistan seemingly saw his hopes to become head of NATO go up in smoke amid allegations he...
Photo: US DoD / MCS1 Chad J. McNeeley
14 Nov 2012
By Kimberly Dozier and Nancy Benac The Associated PressAssociated Press Posted: 11/14/2012 07:12:03 AM PST November 14, 2012 3:23 PM GMTUpdated: 11/14/2012 07:14:50 AM PST Jill Kelley...
Photo: AP / Matt Dunham
13 Nov 2012
Abu Qatada, the extremist cleric, will be back on the streets of Britain today and allowed to roam free for eight hours a day after a court ruled he cannot be deported. Abu Qatada Photo: AP...
Photo: AP / Khin Maung Win
13 Nov 2012
YANGON: A powerful earthquake that struck Myanmar at the weekend has left 38 people dead or missing, the Red Cross said Tuesday as a new tremor rattled the government's showpiece capital Naypyidaw....
MSNBC
LAS VEGAS (KSNV MyNews3) -- On this day 62 years ago, the Kefauver Hearings took place in Las Vegas. The hearings, led by U.S. Sen. Estes Kefauver, exposed the nation to organized crime in the U.S. and forever changed the way some of this country's most infamous criminals did business. Today, inside...(size: 2.1Kb)
Pasco Bug Jam salutes veterans, Volkswagens
15 Nov 2012
Tampa Bay Online
The Pasco County Fairgrounds was crawling with Bugs and other Volkswagens of a variety of sizes, styles and colors Sunday as the Pasco Bug Jam logged another successful year. According to Pasco Bug Jam coordinator Carol Hedman, a record 530 VWs competed for trophies. As for attendance: "Actually we...(size: 2.9Kb)
Huffington Post
GOP strategist Karl Rove continued his effort to bury Mitt Romney's election loss under a pile of excuses on Wednesday, adding a new explanation to his growing list....(size: 9.0Kb)
BBC News
Red Bull team principal Christian Horner has said winning three consecutive constructors' titles would be the team's greatest achievement. Only McLaren, Williams and Ferrari - who are 82 points adrift of leaders Red Bull with two races remaining - have achieved the feat. Teams who have won three or...(size: 5.3Kb)
The Siasat Daily
November 15: TRS chief K Chandrasekhara Rao has called upon the people of Telangana to unite and grow as a political force, to achieve statehood for the region. Addressing a massive public meeting here on the occasion of the TDP MLA Koppula Hariswar Reddy joining his party, he said he would fight...(size: 4.2Kb)
‘Wings’, ‘Stairway to Heaven’ and Don Murray & Keir Dullea in person – Loew’s Jersey Theater
15 Nov 2012
Cinema Treasures
JERSEY CITY, NJ — Flights of Fantasy, Love & War On Screen At The Landmark Loew’s Jersey Theatre 54 Journal Square, Jersey City, NJ 07306 Tel. (201) 798-6055 Fax: (201) 798-4020 Web: www.loewsjersey.org A Not-For-Profit Arts Center in a Landmark Movie Palace On our BIG 50ft Wide Screen...(size: 14.8Kb)
The Guardian
• Swann beat record by dismissing India's Virender Sehwag • Bowler stood out on a tough day for England • England v India, day one – as it happened England's Graeme Swann has passed the tally of Test victims captured by Jim Laker. The Guardian, along with other media groups, is not publishing live...(size: 4.8Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
Philip Horne talks to Michael Haneke about his latest Cannes-winning film, Amour, which casts an unflinching eye on old age. Amour: Jean-Louis Trintignant as Georges in Michael Haneke's film. By Philip Horne 2:38PM GMT 15 Nov 2012...(size: 21.0Kb)
Huffington Post
When most of us think of Sarah Jessica Parker we think of the fashion-forward looks that the "Sex and the City" star is known for. But before Carrie Bradshaw and the Manolos, SJP was a child star who got her start on stage rather than on screen. Since her days on Broadway she has won four Golden...(size: 14.6Kb)
BBC News
Graeme Swann announced his arrival in Test cricket in 2008 by becoming only the second player in history to take two wickets in his first over. In the four years since, the England off-spinner has rarely departed from centre stage. He has been picking off illustrious predecessors in the England...(size: 12.8Kb)
Pair of Towson sub shops on the market
15 Nov 2012
Business Journal
Sarah Meehan Reporter- Baltimore Business Journal Email Now might be your chance to break into Greater Baltimoreâs sandwich industry. There are a few sub shops on the market in Towson. Harry Little Submarines at 6809 York Road â a town mainstay for more than 50 years â closed earlier this...(size: 11.8Kb)
India v England: I'm 'honoured' to have passed Jim Laker's record, says Graeme Swann, as ...
15 Nov 2012
The Daily Telegraph
Jim Laker was a modest man who barely showed a flicker of emotion while taking his 193 Test wickets, and Graeme Swann was equally measured as he reacted to becoming England’s most successful off-spinner of all time. Swann Lake(r): England spinner Graeme Swann has broken record of Jim Laker...(size: 11.8Kb)
DNA India
A book on lives of people in a Mumbai slum has won this year's National Book Award for Non-Fiction in the United States. Behind The Beautiful Forevers, written by American journalist Katherine Boo, is...(size: 1.3Kb)
This article is about the year 1956.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century |
| Decades: | 1920s 1930s 1940s – 1950s – 1960s 1970s 1980s |
| Years: | 1953 1954 1955 – 1956 – 1957 1958 1959 |
| 1956 by topic: |
| Subject |
| By country |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works and introductions categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 1956 MCMLVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2709 |
| Armenian calendar | 1405 ԹՎ ՌՆԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6706 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 112–113 |
| Bengali calendar | 1363 |
| Berber calendar | 2906 |
| British Regnal year | 4 Eliz. 2 – 5 Eliz. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2500 |
| Burmese calendar | 1318 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7464–7465 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙未年十一月十九日 (4592/4652-11-19) — to —
丙申年十一月三十日(4593/4653-11-30) |
| Coptic calendar | 1672–1673 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1948–1949 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5716–5717 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2012–2013 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1878–1879 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5057–5058 |
| Holocene calendar | 11956 |
| Iranian calendar | 1334–1335 |
| Islamic calendar | 1375–1376 |
| Japanese calendar | Shōwa 31 (昭和31年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4289 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 45 民國45年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2499 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1956 |
Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.
Events[link]
January[link]
- January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan.
- January 3 – By popular demand, Peter Pan, starring Mary Martin, is restaged live by Producers' Showcase on NBC-TV.
- January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. missionaries Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming are killed for tresspassing by the Waodani of Ecuador shortly after making contact with them.
- January 16 – Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser vows to reconquer Palestine.
- January 25–26 – Finnish troops reoccupy Porkkala after Soviet troops vacate its military base. Civilians can return February 4.
- January 26 – The 1956 Winter Olympic Games open in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.
February[link]
- February 11 – British spies Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean resurface in the Soviet Union after being missing for 5 years.
- February 14–26 – 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- February 16 – Only a little more than four months after the release of the 70mm version of Oklahoma!, the film version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel, starring Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones, is released in Cinemascope 55. MacRae and Jones had previously starred in Oklahoma! Carousel, intended for showing in 55mm, ends up being shown only in 35mm.
- February 22 – Elvis Presley enters the United States music charts for the first time, with Heartbreak Hotel.
- February 23 – Norma Jean Mortenson legally changes her name to Marilyn Monroe.
- February 24 – Doris Day records her most famous song: Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be). It is from Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much, in which Day co-stars with James Stewart.
- February 25 – Nikita Khrushchev attacks the veneration of Joseph Stalin as a "cult of personality".
March[link]
- March 1 – The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
- March 2 – Morocco declares its independence from France.
- March 9
- The British deport Archbishop Makarios from Cyprus to the Seychelles.
- Soviet Armed Forces suppresses mass demonstrations in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, reacting to Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy.
- March 11 – After having opened in London the previous year, Laurence Olivier's film, Richard III, adapted from Shakespeare's play, has its U.S. premiere in theatres and on NBC Television on the same day. On TV it is not shown in prime time, but as an afternoon matinée, in a slightly cut version. It is one of the first such experiments of its kind. Olivier is later nominated for an Oscar for his performance.
- March 12
- 96 U.S. Congressmen sign the Southern Manifesto, a protest against the 1954 Supreme Court ruling (Brown v. Board of Education) that desegregated public education.
- The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 500 for the first time rising 2.40 points, or 0.48%, to 500.24.
- March 13 – Elvis Presley releases his first Gold Album titled Elvis Presley.
- March 15 – The Broadway musical My Fair Lady opens in New York City.
- March 19 – At age 48, Dutch boxer Bep van Klaveren contests his last match in Rotterdam.
- March 20 – Tunisia gains independence from France.
- March 21 – The 28th Academy Awards ceremony is held.
- March 23 – Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic, and a national holiday is observed in the country including the former East Pakistan state.
April[link]
- April 2 – The first episode of As the World Turns is broadcast on the CBS television network
- April 7 – Spain relinquishes its protectorate in Morocco.
- April 9 – Habib Bourguiba is elected prime minister of Tunisia. Confirmation needed
- April 14 – Videotape is first demonstrated at the 1956 NARTB (now NAB) convention in Chicago by Ampex. It is the demonstration of the first practical and commercially successful videotape format known as 2" Quadruplex.
- April 17 – Elizabeth II inaugurates Chew Valley Lake.
- April 18 – Maria Desylla-Kapodistria is elected mayor of Corfu and becomes the first female mayor in Greece.
- April 19
- British diver Lionel Crabb dives into Portsmouth harbour to investigate a visiting Soviet cruiser and vanishes.
- Actress Grace Kelly marries Rainier III, Prince of Monaco.
- April 21 – Former U.S. First Daughter Margaret Truman marries Clifton Daniel.
- April 27 – Heavyweight boxing champion Rocky Marciano retires without losing a professional boxing match.
May[link]
- May 2 – The United Methodist Church in America decides at its General Conference to grant women full ordained clergy status. It also calls for an end to racial segregation in the denomination.
- May 8
- Austria and Israel form diplomatic relations. Confirmation needed
- The constitutional union between Indonesia and the Netherlands is dissolved.
- John Osborne's Look Back in Anger opens at the Royal Court Theatre, London, changing the scope of theatrical and other forms of drama in the UK.
- May 9 – Manaslu, eighth highest mountain in the world, is first ascended.
- May 18 – Lhotse (main), the fourth highest mountain, is first ascended.
- May 23 – French minister Pierre Mendès France resigns due to his government's policy on Algeria.
- May 24 – The first Eurovision Song Contest is broadcast from Lugano, Switzerland. The winning song is Refrain by Lys Assia (music by Géo Voumard, text by Émile Gardaz).
- May 25 – India announces the institution of diplomatic relations with Spain (still under Franco's rule)
June[link]
- June 1 – Vyacheslav Molotov resigns as foreign minister of the Soviet Union; he later becomes ambassador in Mongolia.
- June 3 – British Rail renames 'Third Class' passenger facilities as 'Second Class' (Second Class facilities had been abolished in 1875, leaving just First Class and Third Class).
- June 5 – Elvis Presley introduces his new single, "Hound Dog", on The Milton Berle Show, scandalizing the audience with his suggestive hip movements.
- June 6 – In Singapore, chief minister David Marshall resigns after the breakdown of talks about internal self-government in London.
- June 8 – General Electric/Telechron introduces model 7H241 "The Snooz Alarm", first snooze alarm clock ever.[1]
- June 10 – 1956 Summer Olympics: Equestrian events open in Stockholm, Sweden (all other events are held in November in Melbourne, Australia).
- June 13 – International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO).
- June 14 – The Flag of the United States Army is formally dedicated.[2]
- June 15 – Eindhoven University of Technology is founded in Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- June 18 – The last foreign troops leave Egypt.
- June 23 – Gamal Abdel Nasser becomes the 2nd president of Egypt.
- June 28
- MP Sydney Silverman's bill for the abolition of the death penalty in the UK passes the British House of Commons.
- Labour riots in Poznań, Poland, are crushed with heavy loss of life. Soviet troops fire at a crowd that protests high prices, killing 53.
- The film version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I, starring Deborah Kerr and Yul Brynner, is released only a few months after the film version of R&H's Carousel. It becomes the most financially successful film version of a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical up to that time, and the only one to win an acting Oscar (Yul Brynner wins Best Actor for his performance as the King of Siam). It is also one of two Rodgers and Hammerstein films to be nominated for Best Picture (which it does not win).
- June 29
- Actress Marilyn Monroe marries playwright Arthur Miller.
- President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Federal Aid Highway Act, creating the Interstate Highway System
- June 30 – A TWA Lockheed Constellation and United Airlines Douglas DC-7 collide in mid-air over the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people aboard both aircraft in the deadliest civil aviation disaster to date; the accident leads to sweeping changes in the regulation of cross-country flight and air traffic control over the United States.
July[link]
- July 2 – A lab experiment at Sylvania Electric Products results in an explosion.
- July 8 – The mountain Gasherbrum II is first ascended.
- July 10 – The British House of Lords defeats the abolition of the death penalty.
- July 16 – With the closing of its "Big Tent" show in Pittsburgh, Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus announces all subsequent circuses will be "arena shows" due to changing economics.
- July 24 – At New York City's Copacabana Club, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis perform their last comedy show together (their act started on July 25, 1946).
- July 25 – 72 kilometers (45 mi) south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria sinks after colliding with the Swedish ship SS Stockholm in heavy fog, killing 51.
- July 26 – Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal sparking international condemnation.
- July 30 – A Joint Resolution of Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing "In God We Trust" as the U.S. national motto.
- July 31 – Cricket: Jim Laker sets an extraordinary record at Old Trafford in the fourth Test between England and Australia, taking 19 wickets in a first class match (the previous best was 17).
August[link]
- August – The exhibition This Is Tomorrow opens at Whitechapel Art Gallery in London.
- August 6 – After going bankrupt in 1955, the American broadcaster DuMont Television Network has its final broadcast, a boxing match from St. Nicholas Arena.
- August 8 – 262 miners die in a fire in a coal mine in Marcinelle, Belgium.
- August 17 – West Germany bans the Communist Party of Germany.
September[link]
- September 9 – Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the first time.
- September 13 – The hard disk drive is invented by an IBM team led by Reynold B. Johnson.
- September 16 – Television broadcasting commences in Australia.
- September 21 – Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza García is assassinated.
- September 25 – The submarine Transatlantic telephone cable opens.
October[link]
- October 8 – Baseball pitcher Don Larsen of the New York Yankees throws the only perfect game in World Series history in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series against the Brooklyn Dodgers. Yogi Berra caught the game. Dale Mitchell was the final out. The New York Yankees won the series. Larsen was named series MVP.
- October 10
- Finland joins UNESCO.
- The Lockheed L-1649A Starliner makes its first flight.
- October 14 – Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Indian Untouchable leader, converts to Buddhism along with 385,000 followers (see Neo-Buddhism).
- October 15
- The RAF retires its last Lancaster bomber.
- Fidel Castro and Che Guevara depart from Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico, enroute to Santiago de Cuba aboard the yacht Granma with 82 men.
- October 17 – The Game of the Century: 13-year-old Bobby Fischer beats GM Donald Byrne in the NY Rosenwald chess tournament.
- October 22 – Suez Crisis: Britain, France, and Israel secretly meet in and make plans to invade Egypt.
- October 23 – The Hungarian revolution breaks out against the pro-Soviet government. Hungary attempts to leave the Warsaw Pact.
- October 26 – Red Army troops invade Hungary.
- October 29
- The Huntley-Brinkley Report debuts on NBC-TV.
- Suez Crisis: Israel invades the Sinai Peninsula and push Egyptian forces back toward the Suez Canal.
- Tangier Protocol: The international city Tangier is reintegrated into Morocco.
- October 31
- Suez Crisis: The United Kingdom and France begin bombing Egypt to force the reopening of the Suez Canal.
- A United States Navy team becomes the third group to reach the South Pole (arriving by air) and commences construction of the first permanent Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station.
November[link]
- November 1
- The States Reorganisation Act of India reforms the boundaries and names of Indian states. Two new states Kerala and Karnataka were formed.
- City Lights Books publishes Howl and Other Poems by Allen Ginsberg.
- The film Oklahoma! (1955), previously released to select cities in Todd-AO, now receives a national release in Cinemascope, since not all theatres are yet equipped for Todd-AO. To accomplish this, the film had to be actually shot twice, rather than printing one version in two different film processes as is done today.
- November 3 – MGM's film The Wizard of Oz makes its TV debut on the CBS network. This marks the first time a major Hollywood film running more than ninety minutes is televised uncut in one evening. Up to then, only B-movies and British films had been telecast, often edited or in two parts if they ran more than ninety minutes. The longest film telecast prior to this was Olivier's version of Richard III, which, unlike Oz, was somewhat edited and not telecast in prime time.
- November 4 – 1956 Hungarian Revolution: More Soviet troops invade Hungary to crush a revolt that started on October 23. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country.
- November 6 – United States presidential election, 1956: Republican incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower defeats Democrat challenger Adlai E. Stevenson in a rematch of their contest 4 years earlier.
- November 7 – Suez Crisis: The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France, and Israel to withdraw their troops from Arab lands immediately.
- November 13 – The United States Supreme Court declares Alabama and Montgomery, Alabama laws requiring segregated buses illegal, thus ending the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
- November 14 – Fighting ends in Hungary. Confirmation needed
- November 15 – Middle East Technical University is founded in Ankara, Turkey.
- November 20 – In Yugoslavia, former prime minister Milovan Djilas is arrested after he criticizes Josip Broz Tito.
- November 22 – The 1956 Summer Olympics begin in Melbourne, Australia.
- November 23 – The Suez Crisis causes petrol rationing in Britain.[3]
- November 28 – Roger Vadim's drama film And God Created Woman released in France as Et Dieu… créa la femme, propels Brigitte Bardot into the public spotlight as a "sex kitten".
- November 30 – Floyd Patterson wins the world heavyweight boxing championship that was vacant after the retirement of Rocky Marciano.
December[link]
- December 2
- Fidel Castro and his followers land in Cuba in the boat Granma.
- A pipe bomb planted by George Metesky explodes at the Paramount Theater in Brooklyn, injuring 6 people.
- December 4 - The Million Dollar Quartet (Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash) get together at Sun Studios for the first and last time in history.
- December 5 – Rose Heilbron becomes Britain's first female judge.
- December 9 – Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810 crashes into a mountain in British Columbia. All 62 people on board are killed.
- December 12 – Japan becomes a member of the United Nations.
- December 18 – To Tell the Truth debuts on CBS-TV.
- December 19 – John Bodkin Adams is arrested for the murder of 2 patients in Eastbourne, Great Britain.
- December 23 – British and French troops leave the Suez Canal region.
- December 31 – Bob Barker makes his TV debut as host of the game show Truth or Consequences.
Date unknown[link]
- Asian flu pandemic originates in China.
- Minamata disease is discovered.
- The Alpine Club of Canada, Toronto section, is founded.
Births[link]
January–February[link]
- January 1
- Mark R. Hughes, American entrepreneur (d. 2000)
- Kōji Yakusho, Japanese actor
- January 3 – Mel Gibson, American actor and director
- January 5 – Chen Kenichi, Japan-born Chinese chef
- January 7
- David Caruso, American actor (NYPD Blue)
- Johnny Owen, Welsh professional boxer
- January 9
- Kimberly Beck, American actress
- Imelda Staunton, English actress
- January 10 – Shawn Colvin, American singer
- January 14 – Ben Heppner, Canadian tenor
- January 16 – Martin Jol, Dutch football manager
- January 17 – Paul Young, English musician
- January 18 – Tom Bailey, English musician
- January 20 – Bill Maher, American actor, comedian, and political analyst
- January 21 – Geena Davis, American actress
- January 24 – Lounès Matoub, Algerian Berber Kabyle singer
- January 25 – Bronwyn Pike, Australian politician
- January 27 – Mimi Rogers, American actress
- January 29
- Jan Jakub Kolski, Polish film director
- Irlene Mandrell, American musician, actress
- January 31 – Johnny Rotten, British punk musician and TV personality
- February 1 – Mike Kitchen, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- February 2 – Adnan Oktar, a.k.a. Harun Yahya, Turkish Author
- February 3
- Nathan Lane, American actor (The Birdcage)
- Lee Ranaldo, American musician (Sonic Youth)
- February 6 – Jon Walmsley, British actor (The Waltons)
- February 10 - Enele Sopoaga, Tuvaluan politician and diplomat
- February 11
- Didier Lockwood, French jazz violinist
- Catherine Hickland, American actress
- February 13
- Yiannis Kouros, Greek-Australian ultramarathoner
- Paul Stojanovich, American television producer
- February 14 – Tom Burlinson, Australian actor
- February 15 – Desmond Haynes, West Indian cricketer
- February 18 – Thomas Gradin, Swedish hockey player
- February 19
- Kathleen Beller, American actress
- Roderick MacKinnon, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- February 24
- Judith Butler, American philosopher
- Paula Zahn, American television journalist (CBS News)
- February 25 – Davie Cooper, Scottish footballer (d. 1995)
- February 26 – Keisuke Kuwata, Japanese musician
- February 29
- Bob Speller, Canadian politician
- Aileen Wuornos, American serial killer (d. 2002)
- Mike Compton, American mandolinist
March–April[link]
- March 1 – Tim Daly, American actor
- March 2 – Eduardo Rodríguez, former President of Bolivia
- March 5
- Teena Marie, American singer (d. 2010)
- Marco Paolini, Italian stage actor, dramaturge and author
- March 7 – Bryan Cranston, American actor
- March 11 – Rob Paulsen, American voice actor
- March 13 – Dana Delany, American actress
- March 16 – Vladimír Godár, Slovak composer
- March 18 – Ingemar Stenmark, Swedish alpine skier
- March 19 – Yegor Gaidar, Russian economist and politician
- March 20 – Catherine Ashton, British politician
- March 21
- Ingrid Kristiansen, Norwegian runner
- José Manuel Barroso, Prime Minister of Portugal
- Win Lyovarin, Thai author
- March 24 – Steve Ballmer, American CEO of Microsoft
- March 28
- Susan Ershler, American mountaineer
- Evelin Jahl, German athlete
- March 30 – Shahla Sherkat, Iranian feminist journalist
- April 3
- Ray Combs, American game show host and comedian (d. 1996)
- Boris Miljković, Serbian TV & theatre director and video artist
- April 4
- Kerry Chikarovski, Australian politician
- David E. Kelley, American writer and television producer
- April 5 – Diamond Dallas Page, former American professional wrestler
- April 6
- Sebastian Spreng, American-Argentinean visual artist
- Dilip Vengsarkar, Indian cricketer
- April 12
- Andy García, Cuban-American actor
- Yasuo Tanaka, Japanese politician, novelist
- April 13 – Possum Bourne, New Zealand rally car driver (d. 2003)
- April 14 – Barbara Bonney, American soprano
- April 16
- David McDowell Brown, American astronaut (Columbia Disaster) (d. 2003)
- Lise-Marie Morerod, Swiss skier
- April 18
- John James, American actor (Dynasty)
- Melody Thomas Scott, American actress
- April 19 – Sue Barker, British tennis player and television presenter
- April 21 – Phillip Longman, American demographer
- April 26 – Koo Stark, British actress
- April 28 – Jimmy Barnes, Australian musician
- April 30 – Lars von Trier, Danish film director
May–June[link]
- May 1 – Alexander Ivanov, Russian-born American chess Grandmaster
- May 4
- David Guterson, American writer
- Ulrike Meyfarth, German high jumper
- May 6 – Vladimir Lisin, Russian business oligarch
- May 7
- Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
- Jean Lapierre, Canadian politician and television host
- May 10 – Vladislav Nikolayevich Listyev, Russian journalist (d. 1995)
- May 12 – Greg Phillinganes, American keyboardist
- May 13
- Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, Indian guru
- Kenneth Eriksson, Swedish rally driver
- Kirk Thornton, American voice actor
- May 15 – Dan Patrick, American sports commentator
- May 17
- Sugar Ray Leonard, African American boxer
- Bob Saget, American actor and television host
- May 18 – Jim Moginie, Australian rock guitarist (Midnight Oil)
- May 20 – Ingvar Ambjørnsen, Norwegian author
- May 23
- Buck Showalter, American baseball player and manager
- Ursula Plassnik, Austrian politician
- May 24 – Michael Jackson, Irish Anglican bishop
- May 26 – Lisa Niemi, American actress and dancer, widow of Patrick Swayze
- May 28
- Jerry Douglas, American dobro player
- Sayuri Yamauchi, Japanese seiyuu (d.2012)
- May 29 – La Toya Jackson, American singer
- June 3 – George Burley, Scottish football manager
- June 5 – Kenny G, American grammy-award winning saxophonist
- June 6 – Björn Borg, Swedish tennis player
- June 8 - Udo Bullmann, German politician
- June 9 – Patricia Cornwell, American novelist
- June 10 – Duke Georg Borwin of Mecklenburg, German head of the House of Mecklenburg
- June 11 – Joe Montana, American football player
- June 14 – King Diamond, Danish heavy metal musician
- June 15 – Robin Curtis, American actress
- June 20 – Cho Chikun, Korean professional Go player
- June 23 – Randy Jackson, African American musician and talent judge
- June 25
- Boris Trajkovski, President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2004)
- Anthony Bourdain, American chef, author and television personality
- June 26 – Chris Isaak, American musician
- June 27 – Heiner Dopp, German field hockey player
- June 28 – Noel Mugavin, Australian rules football player
- June 30 – Ronald Winans, African American musician (d. 2005)
July–August[link]
- July 1 – Alan Ruck, American actor
- July 2 – Jerry Hall, American model and actress
- July 3 – Rick Ducommun, Canadian actor and comedian
- July 5 – Sheila Walsh, Scottish Christian artist and former talk-show hostess
- July 9 – Tom Hanks, American actor and director
- July 11 – Sela Ward, American actress
- July 12
- Mel Harris, American actress
- Sandi Patty, American gospel singer
- July 14 – Vladimir Kulich, Czech actor
- July 15
- Ian Curtis, English rock musician (Joy Division) (d. 1980)
- Barry Melrose, Canadian hockey player, coach, and commentator
- Toshihiko Seko, Japanese long-distance runner
- Joe Satriani, famous guitar virtuoso, current guitarist for Chickenfoot
- July 16 – Tony Kushner, American playwright
- July 18 – Sheila Aldridge, American singer (The Aldridge Sisters)
- July 19 – Yoshiaki Yatsu, Japanese professional wrestler
- July 24
- Charlie Crist, American politician
- Pat Finn, American game show host and producer
- July 26
- Andy Goldsworthy, British sculptor and photographer
- Dorothy Hamill, American figure skater and Olympic Gold medalist
- July 30 – Delta Burke, American actress
- July 31
- Michael Biehn, American actor
- Deval Patrick, African American Governor of Massachusetts
- August 1 – Steve Green, American Christian musician
- August 2 – Jim Neidhart, American professional wrestler
- August 4 – Gerry Cooney, American former boxer
- August 5 – Maureen McCormick, American actress (The Brady Bunch)
- August 6 – Stepfanie Kramer, American actress (Hunter)
- August 8
- Chris Foreman, English rock guitarist (Madness)
- David Grant, English singer and vocal coach
- August 10
- Fred Ottman, American professional wrestler
- Charlie Peacock, American Christian producer, singer-songwriter
- August 12 – Bruce Greenwood, Canadian actor
- August 14 – Jackée Harry, American actress and television personality
- August 17 – Dave Jones, English football manager
- August 18
- Kelly Willard, American Christian singer
- Jon "Bermuda" Schwartz, American drummer
- August 19 – Adam Arkin, American actor
- August 20 – Joan Allen, American actress
- August 21 – Kim Cattrall, English-born Canadian actress
- August 22 – Paul Molitor, American baseball player
- August 23 – Andreas Floer, German mathematician (d. 1991)
- August 24 – John Culberson, American politician
- August 26 – Mark Mangino, American football coach
- August 29 – Mark Morris, American choreographer
- August 31 – Masashi Tashiro, Japanese television performer
September–October[link]
- September 1 – Bernie Wagenblast, American editor and broadcaster
- September 2 – Angelo Fusco, Provisional Irish Republican Army member
- September 3 – Pat McGeown, Provisional Irish Republican Army member (d. 1996)
- September 10 – Johnny Fingers, Irish musician (The Boomtown Rats)
- September 11 – Phillip D. Bissett, American politician
- September 12
- Leslie Cheung, Hong Kong actor (d. 2003)
- Ricky Rudd, American race car driver
- Walter Woon, law professor and former Nominated Member of Parliament and Attorney-General of Singapore
- September 14
- Kostas Karamanlis, Greek politician
- Ray Wilkins, English footballer and coach
- September 15 – George Howard, American jazz saxophone musician (d. 1998)
- September 16
- David Copperfield, American illusionist
- Sergei Beloglazov, Russian free-style wrestler
- September 17 – Brian Andreas, American writer, sculptor, painter, and publisher
- September 20
- Gary Cole, American actor
- Debbie Morgan, African-American actress
- September 21 – Jack Givens, American basketball player
- September 23 - Paolo Rossi, Italian soccer player
- September 24 – Gregory Peter Panos, American futurist, writer, inventor, virtual reality expert, human simulation visionary
- September 25 – Jamie Hyneman, American television co-host (MythBusters)
- September 26 – Linda Hamilton, American actress (The Terminator)
- September 29 – Sebastian Coe, British athlete, co-ordinator of the London 2012 Olympic Games
- September 30 – Gordon Elliott, British-Australian television personality and talk show host
- October 4 – Christoph Waltz, Austrian actor (Inglourious Basterds)
- October 8 – Stephanie Zimbalist, American actress (Remington Steele)
- October 10 – Amanda Burton, Irish actress
- October 11 – Nicanor Duarte, President of Paraguay
- October 16 – Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah, Bangladeshi poet (d. 1992)
- October 17 – Mae Jemison, African American astronaut
- October 18 – Martina Navratilova, Czech-American tennis player
- October 19 – Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 2003)
- October 20 – Danny Boyle, English film director
- October 21 – Carrie Fisher, American actress (Star Wars)
- October 23 – Dwight Yoakam, American country singer/musician and actor
- October 26 – Rita Wilson, American actress and producer
- October 27 – Jaq D. Hawkins, British author, occultist and lecturer
- October 28 – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran
November–December[link]
- November 8
- Steven Miller, American record producer
- Richard Curtis, English film director, producer and screenwriter
- November 10 – Mohsen Badawi, Egyptian entrepreneur, political activist, and writer
- November 14 – Avi Cohen, Israeli football player
- November 17 – Kelly Ward, American actor
- November 18
- Noel Brotherston, Irish footballer (d. 1995)
- Warren Moon, American football player and quarterback for the Edmonton Eskimos (Canada)
- November 20 – Bo Derek, American actress and model
- November 23
- Shane Gould, Australian swimmer
- Nikolay Sidorov, Soviet athlete
- November 26 – Dale Jarrett, American race car driver
- November 27 – William Fichtner, American actor
- November 28 – Lucy Gutteridge, English actress
- November 29
- Leo Laporte, American author and television host
- Eric Laakso, American football player
- December 5
- Krystian Zimerman, Polish pianist
- Klaus Allofs, German football player
- December 6 – Randy Rhoads, American guitarist
- December 7 – Larry Bird, American basketball player
- December 9 - Jean-Pierre Thiollet, French writer
- December 11 – Lani Brockman, American playwright
- December 12
- Johan van der Velde, Dutch cyclist
- Ana Alicia, Mexican actress (Falcon Crest)
- December 13 – Majida El Roumi, Lebanese singer
- December 14 – Béla Réthy, German sports journalist
- December 16 – Duncan Faure, South African musician
- December 18 – Ron White, American comedian
- December 19 – Masami Akita, Japanese noise musician (also known as Merzbow)
- December 23 – Michele Alboreto, Italian race car driver (d. 2001)
- December 26 – David Sedaris, American essayist
- December 28
- Jimmy Nicholl, Canadian-born footballer
- Nigel Kennedy, English violinist
- December 29 – Fred MacAulay, Scottish comedian
- December 30
- Patricia Kalember, American actress
- Sheryl Lee Ralph, African American actress
- December 31 – Hussein Ahmed Salah, Djiboutian marathon player
Date unknown[link]
- Ronan Bennett, Irish writer
- Shelagh Rogers, Canadian radio host
- Miladin Šobić, Montenegrin singer
- Susan Solomon, American atmospheric chemist
Deaths[link]
January–March[link]
- January 3
- Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (b. 1864)
- Joseph Wirth, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
- January 5 – Mistinguett, French singer (b. 1875)
- January 9 – Marion Leonard, American actress (b. 1881)
- January 12 – Norman Kerry, American actor (b. 1894)
- January 13 – Lyonel Charles Feininger, German painter (b. 1871)
- January 14 – Sheila Kaye-Smith, English writer (b. 1887)
- January 18 – Konstantin Päts, President of Estonia (b. 1874)
- January 21 – Sam Langford, Canadian boxer (b. 1883)
- January 24 – Sir Alexander Korda, Hungarian-born film director (b. 1893)
- January 27 – Erich Kleiber, German conductor (b. 1890)
- January 29 – H. L. Mencken, American writer (b. 1880)
- January 31 – A. A. Milne, English author (Winnie The Pooh) (b. 1882)
- February 2
- Bob Burns, American comedian (b. 1890)
- Charles Grapewin, American actor (b. 1869)
- February 8 – Connie Mack, American baseball executive and manager (b. 1862)
- February 10 – Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard, British marshal of the Royal Air Force (b. 1873)
- February 18 – Gustave Charpentier, French composer (b. 1860)
- February 20 – James Cousins, Irish writer (b. 1873)
- February 26 – Elsie Janis, American singer and actress (b. 1889)
- February 29 – Elpidio Quirino, President of the Philippines (b. 1890)
- March 14 – David Browning, American Olympic diver (b. 1931)
- March 17
- Fred Allen, American comedian (b. 1894)
- Irène Joliot-Curie, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1897)
- March 18 – Louis Bromfield, American writer (b. 1896)
- March 20
- Fanny Durack, Australian swimmer (b. 1889)
- Wilhelm Miklas, Austrian politician and 3rd President of Austria
- March 25 – Robert Newton, English film actor (b. 1905)
- March 30 – Edmund Clerihew Bentley, English inventor (b. 1875)
- March 31 – Ralph DePalma, Italian-born race car driver (b. 1884)
April–June[link]
- April 6 – Pio Valenzuela, Filipino physician and one of the leaders of the Katipunan (b. 1869)
- April 15 – Kathleen Howard, Canadian born American opera singer & character actress (b. 1884)
- April 19 – Ernst Robert Curtius, Alsatian philologist (b. 1886)
- April 21
- Samuel Gottesman, American pulp-paper merchant (b. 1885)
- Charles MacArthur, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1895)
- April 24 – Henry Stephenson, British character actor (b. 1871)
- April 26 – Edward Arnold, American actor (b. 1890)
- April 29
- Harold Bride, English-born junior radio officer on RMS Titanic (b. 1890)
- Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal (b. 1876)
- April 30 – Alben W. Barkley, Vice President of the United States (b. 1877)
- May 3 – Peter Watson, English art collector and benefactor (b. 1908)
- May 12 – Louis Calhern, American actor (b. 1895)
- May 17 – Austin Osman Spare, English magician (b. 1886)
- May 18 – Maurice Tate, English cricketer (b. 1895)
- May 20
- Max Beerbohm, English theater critic (b. 1872)
- Zoltan Halmay, Hungarian Olympic swimmer (b. 1881)
- May 23 – Gustav Suits, Estonian poet (b. 1883)
- May 24 – Guy Kibbee, American actor (b. 1882)
- May 26 – Al Simmons, American baseball player (b. 1902)
- May 29 – Frank Beaurepaire, Australian Olympic swimmer (b. 1891)
- May 31 – Diedrich Hermann Westermann, German linguist (b. 1875)
- June 2
- Jean Hersholt, Danish actor (b. 1886)
- Richard S. Edwards, American admiral (b. 1885)
- June 4 – Katherine MacDonald, American silent film actress (b. 1891)
- June 6 – Margaret Wycherly, English stage & film actress (b. 1881)
- June 11 – Ralph Morgan, American actor (b. 1883)
- June 17 – Paul Rostock, German official, surgeon, and university professor (b. 1892)
- June 22 – Walter de la Mare, English poet, short story writer, and novelist (b. 1873)
- June 23 – Reinhold Glière, Russian composer (b. 1875)
- June 26 – Clifford Brown, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1930)
July–September[link]
- July 7 – Gottfried Benn, German poet (b. 1886)
- July 8 – Giovanni Papini, Italian essayist, poet, novelist (b. 1881)
- July 10 – Joe Giard, American baseball player (b. 1898)
- July 11 - John T. Raulston, Scopes Monkey Trial judge (b. 1868)
- July 20 – James Alexander Calder, Canadian politician (b. 1868)
- August 2 – Albert Woolson, last surviving Union veteran of the American Civil War (b. 1847)
- August 11 – Jackson Pollock, American painter (b. 1912)
- August 14
- Bertolt Brecht, German playwright (Threepenny Opera) (b. 1898)
- Konstantin von Neurath, Nazi German diplomat and foreign minister (b. 1873)
- August 16
- Béla Lugosi, Hungarian-born film actor (Dracula) (b. 1882)
- Lynde D. McCormick, American admiral (b. 1895)
- August 23 – Peaches Browning, American actress (b. 1910)
- August 25 – Alfred Kinsey, American sex researcher (b. 1894)
- September 6 - Lee Jung Seob, Korean oil painter (b. 1916)
- September 11 – Billy Bishop, Canadian pilot (b. 1894)
- September 20 – Flora Eldershaw, Australian novelist, critic, and historian (b. 1897)
- September 22 – Frederick Soddy, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
- September 27
- Milburn G. Apt, American test pilot (b. 1924)
- Babe Zaharias, American athlete and golfer (b. 1911)
- September 29 – Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua (b. 1896)
October–December[link]
- October 1 – Albert Von Tilzer, American songwriter (b. 1878)
- October 2 – George Bancroft, American actor (b. 1882)
- October 9 – Marie Doro, American stage & silent film actress (b. 1882)
- October 12 – Don Lorenzo Perosi, Italian composer (b. 1872)
- October 17 – Anne Crawford, British actress (b. 1920)
- October 19 – Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)
- October 22 – Hannah Mitchell, English socialist and suffragette (b. 1872)
- October 25 – Risto Ryti, 5th President of Finland (b. 1889)
- October 26 – Walter Gieseking, French conductor (b. 1895)
- November 1 – Pietro Badoglio, Italian general and prime minister (b. 1871)
- November 5 – Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (b. 1909)
- November 6 – Paul Kelly, stage & screen actor (b. 1899)
- November 10
- Harry F. Sinclair, American entrepreneur (b. 1876)
- Victor Young, American composer (b. 1900)
- November 14 – Peter R. de Vries, Dutch crime reporter (b. 1956)
- November 19 – Francis L. Sullivan, English actor (b. 1903)
- November 22 – Theodore Kosloff, Russian-born ballet dancer, choreographer and actor (b. 1882)
- November 24 – Guido Cantelli, Italian conductor (b. 1920)
- November 26 – Tommy Dorsey, American trombonist and bandleader (b. 1905)
- November 27 – Hugo Ballin, American artist, film production designer, and director (b. 1879)
- December 2 – Dell Henderson, Canadian actor (b. 1883)
- December 6 – Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Indian dalit leader (b. 1891)
- December 7 – Huntley Gordon, Canadian actor (b. 1887)
- December 10 – David Shimoni, Israeli poet and writer (b. 1891)
- December 14 – Juho Kusti Paasikivi, 7th President of Finland (b. 1870)
- December 16 – Nina Hamnett, Welsh artist (b. 1890)
- December 17 – Eddie Acuff, American actor (b. 1903)
- December 26 – Holmes Herbert, English actor (b. 1882)
- December 30 – Ruth Draper, American actress (b. 1884)
Date unknown[link]
- Lotte Herrlich, regarded as the most important female photographer of German naturism
Nobel Prizes[link]
- Physics – William Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain
- Chemistry – Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Semenov
- Physiology or Medicine – André Frédéric Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richards
- Literature – Juan Ramón Jiménez
- Peace – Not Awarded
References[link]
- ^ Telechron.net
- ^ "Other Flags – World Flags 101 – US Army Flag". Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. http://www.worldflags101.com/other-flags/us-army-flag.aspx. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
- ^ Motorists panic as petrol rations loom, BBC news
Further reading[link]
- London Institute of World Affairs, The Year Book of World Affairs 1957 (London 1957) full text online, comprehensive reference book covering 1956 in diplomacy, international affairs and politics for major nations and regions
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There are many people in history who are commonly appended with the phrase "the Great", or who were called that or an equivalent phrase in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes such as e Bozorg and e azam in Persian and Urdu respectively.
In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to be a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King". This title was first used by the conqueror Cyrus II of Persia.[1]
The Persian title was inherited by Alexander III of Macedon (336–323 BC) when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet "Great" eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference (in a comedy by Plautus)[2] assumes that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no earlier evidence that Alexander III of Macedon was called "the Great".
The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC).
Later rulers and commanders began to use the epithet "the Great" as a personal name, like the Roman general Pompey. Others received the surname retrospectively, like the Carthaginian Hanno and the Indian emperor Ashoka the Great. Once the surname gained currency, it was also used as an honorific surname for people without political careers, like the philosopher Albert the Great.
As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of later generations in using the designation greatly varies. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "The Great" in his lifetime but is rarely called such nowadays, while Frederick II of Prussia is still called "The Great". A later Hohenzollern - Wilhelm I - was often called "The Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely later.
Contents |
Rulers[link]
- Abbas I of Persia (1571–1629), Shah of Iran
- Akbar (1542–1605), ruler of the Mughal Empire of South Asia, mainly India
- Alain I of Albret (1440–1522), French aristocrat
- Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), King of Macedonia, Persia, Greece, Egypt, and all of Mesopotamia
- Alexander I of Georgia (1386–1446), King of Georgia
- Alfonso III of León (c. 848-910), King of León, Galicia and Asturias
- Alfred the Great (848/849-899), King of Wessex
- Antiochus III the Great (c. 241–187 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire
- Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BC), Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty
- Ashot I of Iberia “the Great”(died 826/830), presiding prince of Iberia (modern Georgia),
- Askia Mohammad I (c. 1442–1538), ruler of the Songhai Empire
- Bhumibol Adulyadej (born 1927), King of Thailand
- Bolesław I Chrobry (967-1025), sometimes called "the Great", first King of Poland
- Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the following section)
- Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (1736–1809), founder and ruler of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (in what is now Thailand)
- Cnut the Great (c. 985 or 995-1035), King of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden
- Casimir III the Great (1310–1370), King of Poland
- Catherine the Great (1729–1796), Empress of Russia
- Chandragupta II (reigned 375-413/415), also known as Vikramaditya, ruler of the Gupta empire in India
- Charlemagne (died 814), King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans
- Chulalongkorn (1853–1910), King of Siam (now Thailand)
- Chlothar II (584-629), King of Neustria and King of the Franks
- Conrad, Margrave of Meissen (c. 1097-1157), Margrave of Meissen
- Constantine I (c. 272-337), Roman emperor
- Cyaxares the Great (c. 625-585 BC), third king of Media
- Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC), founder and ruler of the Persian or Achaemenid Empire
- Darius the Great (550 – 486 BC), third ruler of the Persian Empire
- Devapala (died 850), ruler of the Pala Empire in the Indian subcontinent
- Dionysius I, Greek tyrant of Syracuse[3]
- Ferdinand I of León and Castile (c. 1015–1065), King of León and Count of Castile
- Frederick the Great (1712–1786), King of Prussia
- Genghis Khan (1162?-1227), founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire
- Gero (c. 900–965), ruler of Marca Geronis, a very large march in Europe
- Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1594–1632), King of Sweden, founder of the Swedish Empire, and noted military leader
- Gwanggaeto the Great, King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea[4][5]
- Hanno the Great, the name of three leaders of Carthage, in the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd centuries BC
- Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (946–1002)
- Henry IV of France (1553–1610), King of France and King of Navarre
- Herod the Great (73/74 BC-4 BC), King of Judea
- Hugh the Great (898-956), Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris
- Hugh Magnus of France (1007–1025), co-King of France
- Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (1057–1101)
- Humphrey I de Bohun (died c. 1123), Anglo-Norman aristocrat
- Ivan III of Russia (1440–1505), Tsar of Russia
- John I of Portugal (1358–1433), King of Portugal and the Algarve
- John II of Aragon (1398–1479), King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre
- Justinian I (483-565), Byzantine Emperor
- Kamehameha I (c. 1758-1819), first King of Hawai'i
- Kanishka (died c. 127), ruler of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia and parts of India
- Kvirike III of Kakheti (1010–1029), King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia
- Kublai Khan (1215–1294), Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty
- Llywelyn the Great (c. 1172–1240), Prince of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales
- Louis I of Hungary (1326–1382), King of Hungary, Croatia and Poland
- Mangrai the Great (1238–1317), Lanna, northern Thailand
- Emperor Meiji (1852–1912), Emperor of Japan
- Mircea I of Wallachia (1355–1418)
- Mithridates II of Parthia (died 88 BC), ruler of the Parthian Empire (in present day Iran)
- Mithridates VI of Pontus (134 BC–63 BC), ruler of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom
- Mstislav I of Kiev (1076–1132), Grand Prince of Kievan Rus
- Naresuan (1555–1605), King of Ayutthaya
- Narai (1633–1688), King of Ayutthaya (in what is now modern Thailand)
- Odo the Great (died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine
- Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)
- K'inich Janaab' Pakal (603-683), ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque
- Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa (1123–1186), King of Sri Lanka
- Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia (died 1075), King of Croatia
- Peter the Great (1672–1725), Tsar of Russia
- Peter III of Aragon (1239–1285), King of Aragon and King of Sicily
- Pompey (106 BC-48 BC), military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, rival of Julius Caesar
- Radama I (1793–1828), first king of greater Madagascar
- Raja Raja Chola I (c. 947-1014), Indian emperor of the Cholas.[6][7][8]
- Rajendra Chola I (reigned 1014–1044), Tamil King of India
- Ramesses II (reigned 1279 BC – 1213 BC), considered the greatest pharaoh of Ancient Egypt
- Ram Khamhaeng (around 1237 to 1247-1298), King of Sukhothai (in present day Thailand)
- Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona (1082–1131), also Count of Provence and various other counties
- Rhodri the Great (c. 820–878), King of Gwynedd (in present day Wales)
- Roman the Great (after 1160-1205), Grand Prince of Kiev
- Saladin (c. 1138-1193), Kurdish Sultan of Egypt and Syria, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and victor over the Crusaders
- Samudragupta (c. 335–375), ruler of the Gupta empire in the Indian subcontinent
- Sancho III of Navarre (c. 992-1035), King of Kingdom of Navarre
- Sargon of Akkad (died c. 2215 BC), ruler of the Akkadian Empire
- Sejong the Great (1397–1450), Korean king[9]
- Shapur II (309-379), king of the Sassanid Empire, Persia
- Simeon I of Bulgaria (864/865-927), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire
- Stephen III of Moldavia (1433–1504), Prince of Moldavia (Romania)
- Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (c. 1308-1355), King of Serbia and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks
- Taksin (1734–1782), King of the Thonburi Kingdom (Thailand)
- Tamar (1160-1123), Queen of the Georgian Empire
- Timur (1336–1405), better known as Tamerlane, founder of the Timurid Dynasty
- Theobald II, Count of Champagne (1090–1151), Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie
- Theodoric the Great (454-526), King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and a viceroy of the Byzantine Empire
- Theodosius I (347-395), Roman emperor
- Tigranes the Great (140-55 BC), Emperor of Armenia
- Tiridates III of Armenia (285-339), King of Armenia
- Umar (c. 586 to 590–644), second caliph of the Muslim Empire
- Valdemar I of Denmark (1131–1182), King of Denmark
- Valentinian I (364-375), Roman Emperor
- Vladimir I of Kiev (c. 958-1015), ruler of Kievan Rus
- Vytautas (c. 1350-1430), archduke of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy
- William I, Count of Burgundy (1020–1087), Count of Burgandy and Mâcon
- William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969-1030), also Count of Poitou
- Xerxes I (519-465 BC), King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia)
- Yu the Great (c. 2200-2100 BC), legendary ruler in ancient China
Religious figures[link]
- Abraham the Great of Kashkar (ca. 492-586), monk and saint of the Assyrian Church of the East
- Abraham Kidunaia (died c. 366, hermit, priest, and Christian saint of Mesopotamia
- Albertus Magnus (1193/1206–1280), medieval German philosopher and theologian
- Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), early Christian saint of Egypt
- Babai the Great (c. 551–628), Assyrian church leader
- Basil of Caesarea (330-379), Greek bishop and theologian
- Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the previous section)
- Euthymius the Great (377-473), abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint
- Gertrude the Great (1256-c. 1302), German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint
- Pope Gregory I (c. 540-604)
- Hiyya the Great, 3rd-century rabbi, Palestine
- Pope John Paul II (1920–2005)
- Pope Leo I (c. 391 or 400-461)
- Macarius of Egypt (c. 300-391), Egyptian hermit
- Pope Nicholas I (c. 800-867)
- Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople
- William of Maleval (died 1157), founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites
Other[link]
- Beli Mawr, a figure in medieval Welsh literature and genealogies
- Emmy the Great, folk singer
- Matteo Rosso the Great, Roman politician and father of Pope Nicholas III
- Prokop the Great, Hussite general in Bohemia
See also[link]
- Epithet
- List of monarchs by nickname
- List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: G-I
- James, son of Zebedee, also known as James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus
- Ajax (mythology), called Ajax the Greater
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, whose common honorific "Mahatma" means "Great Soul"
Notes[link]
- ^ In a clay cylinder (online). The expression was used in a propagandistic context: the conqueror wants to show he is a normal Babylonian ruler. The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online).
- ^ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.
- ^ History, Instituto Geografico De Agostini S.p.A., p. 479
- ^ World and Its Peoples:Korea. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. September 2008. p. 887. ISBN 0-7614-7631-8.
- ^ Alison Behnke (2004). North Korea in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 70. ISBN 0-8225-1908-9. http://books.google.com/?id=ovWvhyLc6hAC&pg=RA1-PA70&dq=%22Gwanggaeto+the+Great%22.
- ^ Sarkar, Benoy Kumar (December 1919). "An English History of India". Political Science Quarterly 34 (4): 644–653. DOI:10.2307/2142032. JSTOR 2142032. ""The finances of the state were not more centralized under Louis XIV than under Rajaraja the Great.""
- ^ "Heaven sent: Michael Wood explores the art of the Chola dynasty". Royal Academy, UK. http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/ra-magazine/winter2006/features/heven-sent,47,RAMA.html. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ^ "The Chola Dynasty: Accession of Rajaraja, the Great". Sify.com. http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13219885. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ^ Christoph Bluth; Gareth Schott (2007). Korea. Polity. p. 10. ISBN 0-7456-3356-0.
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| Lys Assia | |
|---|---|
 Lys Assia (2009) |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Rosa Mina Schärer |
| Born | (1926-03-03) 3 March 1926 (age 86) |
| Origin | Aargau, Switzerland |
| Occupations | Singer |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Years active | 1942–present |
Lys Assia (born Rosa Mina Schärer on 3 March 1926, Rupperswil, Aargau, Switzerland) is a Swiss singer who won the first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956. When Lys Assia was a young girl she was a dancer. In 1940, however, she stood in for a female singer. People who heard her singing liked it, so she changed from dancing to singing.
In 1956 she was the winner of the very first Eurovision Song Contest, in which she sang for Switzerland. She had also been in the German national final of that year and returned to the contest again for Switzerland in 1957 and 1958.
In September 2011, Assia entered her song "C'était ma vie" written by Ralph Siegel and Jean Paul Cara into the Swiss national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan.[1] The song, however, only came eighth in a closely fought national selection.
Discography[link]
- Oh Mein Papa
- Ein kleiner goldner Ring
- Refrain(s)
- Das alte Karussell
- Holland Mädel
- Jolie Jacqueline
- L'enfant que j'étais
- Giorgio
- C'était ma vie
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lys Assia |
References[link]
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by None |
Winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 1956 |
Succeeded by Corry Brokkenwith "Net als toen" |
| Preceded by Debut entry |
Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956 with "Das alte Karussell" and "Refrain" 1957 with "L'enfant que j'étais", 1958 with "Giorgio" |
Succeeded by Christa Williams with "Irgendwoher" |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Assia, Lys |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 3 March 1924 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Little Richard | |
|---|---|
 Little Richard performing, in Austin, Texas, in March 2007 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Richard Wayne Penniman |
| Also known as | Little Richard, The Real King of Rock ‘n’ Roll, The King of Rockin ‘n’ Rollin' Rhythm & Blues Soulin’.[1] |
| Born | (1932-12-05) December 5, 1932 (age 79) |
| Origin | Macon, Georgia, U.S. |
| Genres | Rock and roll, rhythm and blues, soul, funk, gospel |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter, recording artist, actor |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano, keyboards. saxophone |
| Years active | 1945[2]–present |
| Labels | RCA Camden, Peacock, Specialty, Gone, Atlantic, Bell, Brunswick, Coral, Critique, Elektra, End, Guest Star, Kent, Lost-Nite, Mainstream, Manticore, MCA, Mercury, Modern, Vee Jay, Okeh, Reprise, K-Tel, Black Label, Warner Bros., WTG |
Richard Wayne Penniman (born December 5, 1932), known by the stage name Little Richard, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, recording artist, and actor, considered key in the transition from rhythm and blues to rock and roll in the mid-1950s. He was also the first artist to put the funk in the rock and roll beat[3][4] and contributed significantly to the early development of soul music.[5][6] The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame website entry on Penniman states that:
He claims to be "the architect of rock and roll", and history would seem to bear out Little Richard’s boast. More than any other performer – save, perhaps, Elvis Presley, Little Richard blew the lid off the Fifties, laying the foundation for rock and roll with his explosive music and charismatic persona. On record, he made spine-tingling rock and roll. His frantically charged piano playing and raspy, shouted vocals on such classics as "Tutti Frutti", "Long Tall Sally" and "Good Golly, Miss Molly" defined the dynamic sound of rock and roll.[7]
Penniman began performing on stage and on the road in 1945, when he was in his early teens.[2] He began his recording career on October 16, 1951[8] by imitating the gospel-influenced style of late-1940s jump blues artist Billy Wright,[9] who was a friend and also helped arrange his first sessions. He recorded for RCA Records from 1951-52 and for Peacock Records beginning in 1953. Dissatissfied with his lack of commercial success during this time, Penniman formed a new "hard-driving" R&B road band in 1953. By early 1955, a demo tape of his music caught the attention of Specialty Records president Art Rupe, who bought out his contract from Peacock and arranged for him to record for Specialty in September 1955. Under the guidance of Robert "Bumps" Blackwell, Penniman began recording in a style he had been performing onstage for years,[10] featuring varied rhythm (derived from everything from drum beats he would hear in his voice to the sounds of trains he would hear thundering by him as a child), a heavy backbeat, funky saxophone grooves, over-the-top gospel-style singing, moans, screams, and other emotive inflections, accompanied by a combination of boogie-woogie and rhythm and blues music.[2] This new music,[11][12] which included an original injection of funk into the rock and roll beat,[4][7] inspired many of the greatest recording artists of the twentieth century and beyond, including James Brown,[13] Elvis Presley,[14] Otis Redding,[5] Bob Dylan,[15] Jimi Hendrix,[5][16] The Beatles,[17][18] Rolling Stones,[19][20] Led Zeppelin,[21] Michael Jackson,[22] and generations of other rhythm & blues, rock, soul, as well as funk and rap artists.[23][24][25][26]
On October 12, 1957, while at the height of stardom, Penniman abruptly quit rock and roll music and became a born-again Christian.[27] He had charted seventeen original hits in less than three years.[28] In January 1958, he enrolled in and attended Bible college[29] to become a preacher and evangelist and began recording and performing only gospel music for a number of years. He then moved back and forth from rock and roll to the ministry, until he was able to reconcile the two roles in later life.[30]
Penniman was among the first group of inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 and one of only four of those artists (along with Ray Charles, James Brown, and Fats Domino) to also receive the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Pioneer Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2003, Penniman was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.[31] In 2007, his 1955 original hit "Tutti Frutti" was voted Number 1 by an eclectic panel of renowned recording artists on Mojo's The Top 100 Records That Changed The World, hailing the recording as "the sound of the birth of rock and roll."[32][33] In 2010, The United States of America's Library of Congress National Recording Registry added the groundbreaking recording to its registry, claiming that the hit, with its original “A-wop-bop-a-loo-mop-a-lop-bam-boom!” a cappella introduction, heralded a new era in music.[34]
Biography[link]
Early life and early career: 1932–1951[link]
Richard Wayne Penniman was born in Macon, Georgia, the third of 12 children born to Charlie "Bud" Penniman, Sr. (10 April 1910 – 12 January 1952[35]), a bootlegger[36] and his wife Leva Mae (née Stewart). He grew up in a religious family in which singing was an integral part of their lives; they performed in local churches as The Penniman Singers, and entered contests with other singing families. His family called him "War Hawk" because of his loud, screaming singing voice. His grandfather, Walter Penniman, was a preacher, and his father's family were members of the Foundation Templar African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in Macon. His maternal grandmother was a member of Macon's Holiness Temple Baptist Church. Penniman attended the New Hope Baptist Church in Macon, where his mother was a member. Penniman's favorites were the Pentecostal churches because of the music and the fun he would have doing the holy dance and speaking in tongues with members of the congregation. When he was 10, he became a faith healer, singing gospel songs and touching people, who would testify that they felt better afterwards. Inspired by Brother Joe May, a singing evangelist known as "The Thunderbolt of the West", Penniman wanted to become a preacher.[37]
Almost all of Penniman's dramatic phrasing and swift vocal turns are derived from black gospel artists of the 1930s and '40s. He said gospel star Sister Rosetta Tharpe was his favorite singer when he was a child. She had invited him to sing a song with her onstage at the Macon City Auditorium in 1945, after hearing him sing "Two Fishes and Five Loaves" before the concert.[38] The crowd cheered, and she paid him more money than he had ever seen after the show.[39] It was there that he decided that he wanted to do with his life.[40] He was also influenced by Marion Williams, from whom he got the trademark "whoooo" in his vocal, Mahalia Jackson and Brother Joe May.[41] He was influenced in appearance (hair, clothing, shoes, makeup, etc.) and sound by late 1940s gospel-style, jump blues shouter Billy Wright, a friend of his who was known as the "Prince of the Blues".[42] Wright set Penniman up with DJ Zenas Sears, who scored the newcomer his first recording contract in 1951.[43] One of Penniman's main influences in piano-playing was Esquerita (Eskew Reeder, Jr.), who showed him how to play high notes without compromising bass. Penniman met Esquerita when he traveled through Macon with a preacher named Sister Rosa.
Penniman lived in a black neighborhood; he had some contact with whites but, due to racial segregation, he could not cross the line where the whites lived.[44] While in high school, Penniman played alto saxophone in the marching band. He began losing interest in school and began performing in a variety of travelling shows in his mid-teens.[35]
Early recordings: 1951–1955[link]
In October 1951, Penniman began recording jump blues records for RCA Camden. His father was shot to death while he was recording in a studio on January 12, 1952.[35] In October 1953, he began recording with Peacock Records.[45] Records were released each year during 1951–54, but none were significant hits.
Following two recording sessions with Peacock in 1953,[46] Penniman, dissatisfied with his solo career, began to form a new R&B road band that he called "The Upsetters." The band began with New Orleans drummer Charles "Chuck" Connors and two saxophonists, including Wilbert "Lee Diamond" Smith.[47] By 1955, the band was joined by saxophonists Clifford "Gene" Burks and Grady Gaines, who became its leader,[48] along with Olsie "Baysee" Robinson on bass, and Nathaniel "Buster" Douglas on guitar.[49]
At Lloyd Price's suggestion, Penniman recorded a demo for gospel/R&B label Specialty Records on February 9, 1955.[50] Specialty's owner, Art Rupe, loaned him money to buy out his contract from Peacock Records and placed his career in the hands of Specialty's A&R man Robert "Bumps" Blackwell.[51]
Rupe and Blackwell originally pictured Penniman as a commercial rival to Ray Charles, who was experiencing success with Atlantic Records by taking gospel songs and developing them in a bluesy setting with a beat.[52] Penniman told Rupe he liked Fats Domino's sound, so Rupe and Blackwell booked Cosimo Matassa's J & M Recording Studio in New Orleans,[53] and hired studio musicians who had worked with Domino (including Earl Palmer on drums and Lee Allen on sax) rather than members of Penniman's road band on many[46][54] of the mid-1950s Specialty tracks.[55]
Following some recordings that did not satisfy Blackwell, they took a break. Penniman began pounding out a boogie woogie rhythm on piano and hollering out impromptu recital of "Tutti Frutti", a song he had written freestyle (the way rappers began to do decades later) while performing in the boogie-woogie blues clubs.[56] Blackwell was so impressed with the sound that he had Penniman record the song. However, in order to make it commercially acceptable, Penniman's lyrics were rewritten. Blackwell recognized that the lyrics, with their “minstrel modes and homosexuality humor” needed to be cleaned up.[57] For example “Tutti Frutti, good booty",[58] were replaced with “Tutti Frutti, aw-rooty”. The song featured the a cappella intro "A-wop-bop-a-loo-mop-a-lop-bam-boom!", which Penniman first belted out years before onstage based on a drum beat he heard in his voice, that had also been altered slightly to make it commercially acceptable.[59] The recording was released on Specialty in October 1955.[2][60]
Initial success: 1955–1957[link]
"Tutti Frutti" reached #2 on Billboard's R&B chart. Seventeen more hit singles followed in less than three years, three of which reached number 1.[28] While most of these hits were characterized by a driving piano, boogie-woogie bass line, a variety of rhythmic drumbeats, and wild screams before Lee Allen's sax solos, such as "Rip It Up", "Lucille", "Jenny, Jenny", "Good Golly, Miss Molly" and "Keep A-Knockin'", a few of them were slower in tempo and more soulful, such as "True Fine Mama".[28] During this period, Penniman's "electrifying movie-star looks"[61] were featured as he performed his hit songs in three films, including The Girl Can't Help It (1956), in which he sang the hit title track, Don't Knock the Rock (1956), and Mister Rock and Roll (1957).
"Tutti Frutti" was quickly covered by both Elvis Presley and Pat Boone.[62] While Presley's version of this and three other Penniman singles[63][64] only appeared as album tracks, Boone's covers were released as singles and his "Tutti Frutti" single outsold the source record[65] and "outdid Richard's on the hit parade".[66] Boone also released a version of "Long Tall Sally"[65] with slightly bowdlerized lyrics, but this time, the original version outperformed the cover on the Billboard pop chart.[66] Presley and Bill Haley tackled Penniman's fourth R&B chart topper, "Rip It Up", but his single was the hit.[citation needed]
Penniman, along with his road band, performed his hits in sports stadiums and concert venues across the United States through 1956 and 1957.[67] He brought the races together at his concerts, at a time in the United States when laws still dictated that public facilities (including concert venues) be divided into separate "white" and "colored" domains. His audiences would start out segregated in the building, usually with one race on the floor and the other on the balcony, but most of the time, by the end of the night they were mixed together.[68] Racists in the south, such as the North Alabama White Citizens Council, responded by putting out statements on television, warning the public that "Rock n Roll is part of a test to undermine the morals of the youth of our nation. It is sexualistic, unmoralistic and ... brings people of both races together."[69] The demand for him was so great, however, that even in the south where segregation was most rampant, the taboos against black artists appearing in white venues were being shattered.[70]
Penniman was an innovative and charismatic performer, appearing in sequined capes under flicker lights that he brought from show business into the music world. He would run off and on the stage, jumping, yelling, and whipping the audience into a frenzy.[71] At a concert in Baltimore, Maryland, US concert history was made[72] when excited people had to be restrained from jumping off the balconies, and the police had to stop the show twice to remove dozens of girls that had climbed onstage to try to rip souvenirs from Penniman. Later in the show, girls began to throw their undergarments onto the stage.[72]
While on the road in the mid-50s, Penniman would have notorious parties,[73] replete with orgies, in hotel rooms wherever they appeared. In late 1956, he met a voluptuous high school graduate in Savannah, Georgia, by the name of Lee Angel (née Audrey Robinson). She became his girlfriend and started traveling on the road with him. Penniman would invite attractive men to his parties and would enjoy watching them having sex with his girlfriend.[74]
Conversion to Christianity: 1957–1962[link]
In early October 1957, on the fifth date of a two-week tour of Australia, Penniman was flying from Melbourne to appear in front of 40,000 fans in concert in Sydney. Shocked by the red hot appearance of the engines against the night sky, he envisioned angels holding up the plane. Then, while he performed at the stadium, he was shaken by the sight of a ball of fire that he watched streak across the sky overhead. He took what was actually the launching of Sputnik 1, which he later learned was the first human-made object to orbit the earth, as another sign to quit show business and follow God. The following day he departed Sydney on a ferry and threw his $8,000 ring in the water to show his band members that he was serious about quitting. The plane that he was originally scheduled to fly back home on ended up crashing in the Pacific Ocean, which he took as confirmation that he was doing what God wanted him to do.[75]
The news of his quitting at the height of his career had broken all over the world by the time he returned to the United States.[76] He attended one more recording session for Specialty on October 18, 1957,[77] and, at the request of DJ Alan Freed, performed a farewell concert at the Apollo Theatre in New York. He then had his roadies drive his Cadillacs across the United States to a property he bought for his mother in California and gave her the keys.[78] He formed the Little Richard Evangelistic Team, travelling across the country preaching, and helped people locally through a ministry on skid row in Los Angeles.[79]
In November 1957, he met Ernestine Campbell at an evangelistic meeting in Washington, D.C..[80] They were married on July 11, 1959.[81]
In 1958,[82] he enrolled in the Seventh-day Adventist[7][29] Oakwood College (now Oakwood University), in Huntsville, Alabama, where he planned to take a three-year course which was to culminate in ordination.[80][clarification needed] He eventually went on to earn a BA in Theological Studies from the college in 1970, becoming an ordained minister.[83][84][85]
From October 1957 to 1962, Penniman recorded gospel music for End, Mercury, and Atlantic.[86] Following release of his gospel album for Mercury titled The King of the Gospel Singers, Little Richard met Mahalia Jackson, one of his childhood heroes. She was appearing in Los Angeles and he stopped her on the street to invite her to hear him sing at the Mount Moriah Baptist Church. She attended and indicated that she was delighted with his singing, stating that "he was singing gospel songs the way they should be sung" and "he had that primitive beat and sound that came so naturally."[87] Three of his gospel songs recorded during this period hit the pop charts - "He's Not Just a Soldier" (1961) and "He Got What He Wanted" (1962) (UK) for Mercury and "Crying In The Chapel" (1963) for Atlantic.[88]
Return to secular music and personal decline: 1962–1976[link]
Penniman continued in the ministry but was experiencing marital problems and some difficulty living his ideal of a disciplined Christian life.[89] Although rock and roll sales were in a slump in America in 1962, Penniman's records were still selling well in England. From April to May of that year, The Beatles, then still an obscure English band, co-resided with Penniman at the Star Club in Hamburg, Germany, during which time he advised them on the proper technique for performing his songs.[90] Included in this instruction was teaching Paul McCartney his "woo holler."[91] British promoter Don Arden then booked Penniman for an October 1962 tour of Great Britain, with the Beatles as an opening act.[92] Penniman thought he was going to perform gospel music, but Arden had promoted the concert as a rock and roll show. On the first night of the tour he began performing gospel music, but gave in to the pressure and began performing his secular hits. He walked off to a wildly excited, standing ovation. The frenzied crowd reaction was to be repeated wherever he appeared.[93]
Penniman returned to Specialty Records in March 1964, following a Don Arden headlining deal, to record one secular track. At this time he decided not to disclose his reactivated Rock and Roll activity to the church community because he was convinced that rock and roll was evil and still wanted to keep his options open in the ministry.[94]
He had successfully toured England and Wales in October and November 1963,[67] with Bo Diddley, The Everly Brothers and the then little-known Rolling Stones.[95][96] Mick Jagger would later state, "I heard so much about the audience reaction, I thought there must be some exaggeration. But it was all true. He drove the whole house into a complete frenzy... I couldn't believe the power of Little Richard onstage. He was amazing."[97] Near the end of the tour, Penniman recorded a television show, The Little Richard Spectacular, with Sounds Incorporated as the backing band and The Shirelles performing backing vocals, for Britain's largest independent television company at the time, Granada. After the show was first aired in May 1964, Granada received over 60,000 letters from fans, which prompted the company to two repeat broadcasts of the show. Much of the footage was used for a TV special, highlighting the frenzy and excitement associated with rock and roll, that was seen all over the world.[98]
Penniman recorded four more secular tracks for Specialty in April 1964.[99] One of these recordings, "Bama Lama, Bama Loo" was released as a single and was a minor hit on the Billboard charts[citation needed] but a Top Twenty in the UK.
In the Spring of 1964, Penniman and Robert Blackwell brought a fledgling Jimi Hendrix (who up until then was a "fill-in" Upsetter and wanted to be known as 'Maurice James') into his band, full-time.[7][100] Hendrix began dressing and growing a mustache like Penniman's.[101][102] He toured with Penniman and played on at least a dozen tracks for Vee Jay Records between the spring of 1964 and spring of 1965.[103] Of these, "I Don't Know What You Got But It's Got Me" and covers of "Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On" and "Goodnight, Irene" hit the pop and/or R&B charts with moderate success.[104]
Penniman continued to record and perform only secular music in the mid-60s, during which time he began drinking heavily.[105] He has stated that he could have had more commercial success during this period, but southern preachers displeased with his backslide from the ministry pressured R&B radio stations throughout the southern U.S. not to play his music, while on the West Coast, particularly in Los Angeles following the Watts Riots, some black DJs were not playing his music because he was drawing both races to his concerts.[106]
In 1966 and 1967, Penniman recorded two soul albums for Okeh Records, with his old friend from the mid-'50s, Larry Williams, as producer, and Johnny Guitar Watson on guitar.[107] The first album included two modest hits, "Poor Dog" and "Commandments Of Love"[108] In August 1967, the second album, which was an "Okeh Club" concert performance, returned Penniman to Billboard's Top 200 Albums chart for the first time in 10 years,[3] and reached the Billboard Black Albums Top 30. Williams also acted as the musical director for Penniman's live performances used for the album, and Penniman's bookings during this period skyrocketed.[108]
With the emergence of the Black Power movement in the latter part of the decade, Penniman was invited to perform for strictly black crowds. He refused because he did not want to exclude any races from attending his shows.[109] He remained a popular concert attraction, travelling extensively in the United States and Europe, as well as in Mexico and Canada, throughout the remainder of the decade.[67]
In 1969, he was invited to perform at the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival. The event was filmed by director D.A. Pennebaker and also featured Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Jerry Lee Lewis and Gene Vincent.[110][111]
Penniman continued to tour, appear in an occasional film, and record secular music into the 1970s. The Rock and Roll Revival period of the late sixties resulted in another comeback opportunity for Penniman in the early seventies. However, instead of recording only the expected high-energy rock & roll, he recorded a series of eclectic, wide-ranging albums that touched on country, acoustic blues, hard-driving funk, soul, gospel, melodic pop, as well as rock & roll. The range and accomplishment of the music, which included stunning covers of recordings by artists that he inspired as well as powerful, memorable new songs written by Penniman himself, was staggering.[112] These albums resulted in two Top 100 hits ("Freedom Blues" making Top 50 Pop and 30 Soul charts) and a Top 200 album for Reprise Records between 1970 and 1972. In '72 he had a short stay on the charts as guest on Canned Heat's "Rockin' With The King". The following year, Richard did fairly well with the soul ballad, "In The Middle Of The Night", profits to go to charity, and a single charted briefly for Manticore in 1975.[113] That same year, he played piano on the Top 40 single "Take It Like a Man" from the Bachman–Turner Overdrive hit album Head On and recorded a gospel song entitled, "Try To Help Your Brother". In 1976, he re-recorded twenty of his biggest Specialty hits in Nashville for a K-Tel Records album.[114]
Penniman also continued his wild partying through the first half of the seventies[115] and, reportedly, by late 1971, developed a dependency on a variety of drugs and alcohol.[116] He and his brothers started their own management company, Bud Hole Incorporated.[117]
Return to Christianity: 1977–1984[link]
In 1977, Penniman reached a crossroad in his life. Two close friends, a brother and a nephew that he loved as a son, died, and he came close to being shot by his long-time friend, Larry Williams, over a drug debt. Even though he and Williams were very close friends, cocaine addiction fueled a rage in Williams when Penniman failed to repay him because he was high. In what he referred to as the most fearful moment of his life, Penniman happened to have the money and Williams spared him.[118]
Penniman repented for his wayward living and returned to evangelism.[3] He also represented Memorial Bibles International and sold their Black Heritage Bible, which highlighted the many black people in the Bible.[3] In 1979, he recorded a gospel album entitled God's Beautiful City,[3] and embarked upon an evangelical campaign across the U.S.[119] During this period, he proclaimed that it was not possible to perform rock and roll music and serve God at the same time.[120] That same year, a small budget label, Koala, issued "Goin' All The Way With Rock and Roll", spotty, technically challenged live session from earlier in the decade, to add to the confusion for newer fans, not familiar with Richard's Gospel proclivities.
Penniman evangelized to crowds of as few as 250 in small churches to packed auditoriums of 21,000 through the remainder of the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s. His preaching focused on bringing the races together and lost souls to repentance through God's love, as well as the rejection of his former lifestyle of alcoholism, drug addiction and bisexuality.[121][122]
Show business comeback and recognition: 1984–2000[link]
In 1984, Charles White's authorized biography of Penniman (The Life and Times of Little Richard) was published, featuring extensive first-person input from its subject, testimonials of Penniman's influence on many legendary recording artists, and attracting attention for its "juicy anecdotes".[123] The publication catapulted Penniman into the limelight again with a number of the world's largest newspapers and magazines featuring major reviews.
Shortly before the publication of the biography, Penniman's mother died. Not long before she died he promised her that he would remain a Christian. He thereafter reconciled his role as an evangelist and as a rock and roll artist, stating that he believed that rock and roll music could be used for good or evil.[30]
In an effort to merge his faith with his music, Penniman enlisted his old friend Billy Preston to help write a song with religious lyrics that sounded like rock and roll. The result, "Great Gosh A'Mighty (It's a Matter of Time)," was produced by Dan Hartman for the soundtrack of a new motion picture entitled Down and Out in Beverly Hills. The hit theme song appeared in a different version on an album of faith-based material entitled Lifetime Friend, recorded (primarily in England) from late 1985 into early 1986. Penniman referred to his new style of music as "message music" and "messages in rhythm"[124][125], which included a track that was an innovative blend of rap and funky rock music. Penniman also acted in the hit motion picture and received critical acclaim for his performance.[30]
Near the end of the recording process for Lifetime Friend, Penniman flew back to the United States to appear in an episode of the television show Miami Vice. Following the filming he broke his leg in an automobile accident[126], which prevented him from attending the first Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony on January 23, 1986, at which he was honored as one of the first inductees.[3]
In 1987, Penniman recorded a track for the 1988 tribute album Folkways: A Vision Shared ("The Rock Island Line," backed by Fishbone).[127] He also recorded the theme song for the Twins motion picture soundtrack with Philip Bailey and appeared in a promotional music video of the recording for the movie with Bailey, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Danny DeVito.
The pressure to return to singing his classic secular hits seemed to mount as the spotlight on Penniman continued. On November 11, 1988,[128] Penniman was filmed as he appeared at "The Legends of Rock and Roll Concert" in Rome, Italy, along with Jerry Lee Lewis, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, B.B. King, Ray Charles, and James Brown.[129][130] Penniman sang three songs; two faith-based ("Great Gosh a'Mighty" and "Joy, Joy, Joy") and the third family-themed ("No Place Like Home"). While others sang the lyrics of one of his secular hits ("Tutti Frutti"), introduced by Jerry Lee Lewis during the all-star jam session finale involving all of the artists, Penniman refused to sing the lyric, instead passing the microphone to Bo Diddley, who seemed to support him by changing the song. However, at an AIDS benefit concert hosted by Cher in March 1989, Penniman performed his classic, "Lucille" for the first time in 13 years. This event marked Penniman's second return to performing his classic brand of rock 'n' roll, though not to the hedonistic lifestyle he had ventured into after his first return to secular music in the sixties.
Penniman would go on to continue to perform some of his faith-based brand of rock 'n' roll music at his concerts, as well. In April 1989, he preached, rapped in funky rhyme style, and sang background vocals on the live, extended version of the 1989 U2/B.B. King hit "When Love Comes to Town".[131] He also recorded on a gospel music track with John P. Kee.
Penniman remained active throughout the 1990s on television, in music videos, commercials, movies, in concert and as a guest recording artist.[132] In 1990, he recorded a rap segment for Living Colour's "Elvis Is Dead" (featuring Maceo Parker on saxophone) and then performed it with the band live on television.[133][134][135] He appeared in "Mother Goose Rock N Rhyme" (as Ol' King Cole) in 1990. He appeared (as a preacher) in music videos for Cinderella's "Shelter Me" and in a new recording of "Good Golly Miss Molly" for the motion picture King Ralph (1991).[132][136] He recorded an album of classic children's songs in his original rocking style for Disney, as well as the opening theme song for the science mystery cartoon The Magic School Bus. He has also voiced an animated version of himself in an episode of Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventures. He recorded duets with Jon Bon Jovi, Hank Williams, Jr., Elton John, Tanya Tucker and Solomon Burke on his Definition of Soul album. He also recorded new tracks for two motion picture soundtracks: Casper (1995) and Why Do Fools Fall in Love (1998).
Penniman appeared (as himself) in Why Do Fools Fall in Love, as well as in the 1999 film Mystery, Alaska, in which he sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" and "O Canada". He also guest starred as himself in television shows including Columbo (in an episode entitled "The Murder of a Rock Star"),[137] Full House (in the episode entitled "Too Little Richard Too Late"), Muppets Tonight (in an episode full of cameo appearances), Martin (in the episode entitled "Three Men and a Mouse")[132] and The Fresh Prince of Bel Air.[132] On June 2, 1995, he appeared on the ABC daytime soap opera One Life to Live.[138] He portrayed a fictionalized version of himself, officiating the wedding of supercouple Bo Buchanan and Nora Gannon,[139] who were huge fans of 1950s rock and roll music.
Current work: 2000–present[link]
In 2000, Robert Townsend directed a television biopic entitled Little Richard about the artist's life from childhood to his early 30s (circa 1962). Leon Robinson received an Emmy Award nomination for his performance in the starring role.[140]
Penniman has continued to record, tour, and appear on television throughout the decade.[67][132] He wrote and recorded a song for the 2001 film The Trumpet of the Swan. In 2002, he recorded a rocking version of Johnny Cash's "Get Rhythm" for Kindred Spirits: A Tribute to Johnny Cash. In 2005, he and Jerry Lee Lewis recorded a duet of the Beatles' hit "I Saw Her Standing There" for Lewis' 2006 album Last Man Standing. In 2006, he was featured in a hit Geico television advertisement.[141] Later that year, he was retained by Simon Cowell to be a judge in the Fox television series Celebrity Duets.[142] On March 24, 2007, Penniman performed and lectured students at the University of Texas event "40 Acres Fest", featuring 1,200 bands.[143][144][145] He also performed that year at the Capitol Fourth, a July 4 celebration in front of the White House. On July 25, 2007, he made an appearance on the ABC show The Next Best Thing.[146] On November 22, 2007, he headlined the half-time show for a Thanksgiving football game at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona.[147] In 2007, to help raise funds to benefit sick and dying children, as well as to debunk the notion that Don Imus was a racist, he recorded a guest track for The Imus Ranch Record (2008).[148] In June 2008, Penniman also made a cameo appearance on The Young and the Restless as an ordained piano-playing minister.[149]
Reverend Richard Penniman, who had performed wedding ceremonies for celebrities including Cyndi Lauper, Bruce Willis and Demi Moore, Tom Petty, Bruce Springsteen, Steve van Zandt and Michael Jackson's former lawyer John Branca (for whom Jackson was best man),[150] spoke a message with a heavy spiritual emphasis at his old friend Wilson Pickett's January 2006 funeral,[151] officiated at a wedding of 20 couples in December 2006,[152] and preached at Ike Turner's December 2007 funeral.[153][unreliable source?] On May 30, 2009, following a performance in honor of Fats Domino to raise funds to help rebuild children's playgrounds devastated by Hurricane Katrina, Penniman led Domino and others present in prayer.[154][155] On June 12, 2009, prior to performing for the grand finale of 29th annual Riverbend Music Festival in Chattanooga, Tennessee[156] he said, "although I sing rock 'n' roll, God still loves me. I'm a rock 'n' roll singer, but I'm still a Christian."[157] In late November 2009, Penniman asked for fans to pray for his quick and full recovery from a recent surgery on a hip, which had been causing him pain in his left leg for some time.[158]
Little Richard continued to recover from the operation on his left hip in the first part of 2010. On June 5–6, 2010, he spent time at The Rock House in Franklin, Tennessee to record a new track — a cover of Dottie Rambo's "He Ain't Never Done Me Nothing But Good", as part of a star-studded tribute to the late gospel songwriting legend which was slated for release in 2011.
In January 2011, Penniman appeared for an interview on the set of Charles Wright's "Express Yourself Show." Interviewed by Mr. Duran, Penniman preached a brief message to his Latino fans, spoke of his ongoing recovery from the operation on his hip, and introduced his rap recording artist nephew, RR112, who performed a partial rhyme at the end of the interview.[159] Penniman performed at "A Capital Fourth" celebration in Washington, D.C. on July 4, 2011. His performance included several of his most well known hits, including Long Tall Sally and Good Golly Miss Molly.[160] Penniman agreed to replace an ill Jerry Lee Lewis at the Beale Street Music Festival in Memphis, Tennessee on Sunday, May 6, 2012.[161][162] Despite still suffering from a problem with his left hip and asking the audience for prayer support, Penniman's invigorating stage performance kept the crowd jubilant and drew the loudest applause of the music festival. [163][164] Penniman was was booked to perform at BB King Blues Club & Grill in New York, NY on June 14, 2012 as part of The Blue Note Jazz Festival[165] and the Howard Theatre in Washingotn, DC. on June 16, 2012.
Penniman marked his 67th year of public performing in 2012.
Personal life[link]
Born the third of twelve siblings, Penniman was raised in a family with deep evangelical Christian roots. He was put out of the home by his father, who told him that he had spoiled his wish to have seven sons because of his effeminate mannerisms. After Penniman began making records, his father began opening up to him. But his father was fatally shot by Penniman's best friend James LeRoy outside a local bar. At the time, Penniman was 19 years old.[2]
Penniman became actively involved in orgies in the mid-1950s. In June 1956, Penniman met what has been described as his life-long soulmate, a young woman by the name of Audrey Robinson, who also went by the name Lee Angel. Robinson, who was 16 years of age when they first met, had graduated from high school early and was a college student.[2] Penniman committed his life to Christianity in October 1957, and met Ernestine Campbell at an evangelical church rally. They were wed in 1959. Penniman had some difficulty living a disciplined Christian life and was so drawn to show business that he ended up divorcing his wife in 1963. The marriage did not produce any children. However, Penniman did adopt the son of a deceased church associate in the early 1960s.[2]
Penniman's sexuality has long been a topic of debate, with the singer himself admitting that he had homosexual experiences as a young adult. But later in life, after becoming born again, he told a biographer that homosexuality was "contagious." In the same breath, he told the same biographer that he was "omnisexual" and in an interview with Penthouse magazine in 1995, said that he knew he was homosexual.[2] Richard has had affairs with both men and women.
Following more than a decade of wild living, Penniman encountered a series of devastating personal experiences, including a near-fatal, drug-fueled clash with his long-time friend Larry Williams in 1977. He returned to evangelical ministry and walked away again from rock and roll music, stating that it was not possible to serve God and perform that style of music simultaneously. Prior to the death of his mother in 1984, Penniman promised her that he would remain a Christian. He proceeded to use rock and roll to produce gospel recordings that he referred to as "messages in rhythm," changing his stance by stating that rock and roll could be used for good or evil.
Penniman has remained single for many years, is deeply spiritual, and now lives in Moore County, Tennessee . In recent years, he has occasionally been in the company of his former girlfriend from the mid-1950s, Audrey Robinson.[166][167]
Influence[link]
Known widely as "the architect of rock and roll,"[168][169] Penniman was an innovative[170] artist whose influence on the development of a variety of major musical genres and artists in the twentieth century was immense.[171] James Brown, who called Penniman his idol,[13] stated that Penniman was the first to put the funk in the rock and roll beat while working with his mid-1950s road band.[3][4] Otis Redding, who entered the music business because of Penniman, indicated that Penniman contributed significantly to the early development of soul music.[5] Richie Unterberger of allmusic.com stated that "Little Richard merged the fire of gospel with New Orleans R&B, pounding the piano and wailing with gleeful abandon. While numerous other R&B greats of the early '50s had been moving in a similar direction, none of them matched the sheer electricity of Richard's vocals. With his bullet-speed deliveries, ecstatic trills, and the overjoyed force of personality in his singing, he was crucial in upping the voltage from high-powered R&B into the similar, yet different, guise of rock & roll. Although he was only a hitmaker for a couple of years or so, his influence upon both the soul and British Invasion stars of the 1960s was vast, and his early hits remain core classics of the rock repertoire."[172] Little Richard's influence can be felt in virtually every top rock and rap act since 1955—from Elvis and Jerry Lee Lewis to Tina Turner and Prince, and many of today's rappers.[173][174][175]
Penniman has been recognized for his outstanding musical contributions by many other high-profile artists. In November 1988, Ray Charles introduced him at the Legends of Rock n Roll concert in Rome, as "a man that started a kind of music that set the pace for a lot of what's happening today."[11] Bo Diddley stated that "Little Richard was a one-of-a-kind show business genius. He influenced so many people in the business."[176] Elvis Presley, who covered four Little Richard singles in 1956[177], once told Penniman, "your music has inspired me—you are the greatest."[14] Paul McCartney said that he idolized Penniman when he was in school and always wanted to sing like him,[178] and Mick Jagger called Penniman "the originator" and "my first idol."[179] Bob Dylan performed Little Richard songs on piano as a schoolboy in his first band, and declared in his high school yearbook in 1959 that his ambition was "to join Little Richard,"[15][16] and in 1966, Jimi Hendrix, who recorded and performed with Penniman from 1964 to 1965[176] and began to emulate him in appearance, like Prince[180][181] (mustache, clothing, etc.) during that time,[176] was quoted as saying, "I want to do with my guitar what Little Richard does with his voice."[182] Cliff Richard,[183] George Harrison,[184][185] Keith Richards,[186][187] Bob Seger,[188] John Fogerty (Creedance Clearwater Revival),[189][190] David Bowie,[191] Elton John,[106] Freddie Mercury (Queen),[192][193] Rod Stewart,[194] Lemmy Kilmister,[195] and AC/DC band members Bon Scott,[196] Angus Young,[197] and Brian Johnson[198][199] are among the many other top-selling recording artists of the twentieth century who indicated that Penniman was a first and/or primary rock 'n' roll influence. In 1979, as he began to develop his solo career, Michael Jackson was quoted as saying that Penniman was a huge influence on him.[200] Considering his major influence on both Jackson and James Brown, People magazine declared, "There could not have been a Michael Jackson if there had not been a Little Richard."[201]
Music stars of the 21st century, such as rapper Mystikal paying homage to Penniman's sound[202] and Bruno Mars stating that Little Richard had a major impact on his early development as an artist,[203] demonstrates that Penniman continues to influence musicians worldwide.[204] A 2012 cross-generational audience of fans was yet another indication of Penniman's enduring influence. [205]
Awards and honors[link]
- In 1956, Cashbox awarded Penniman the Cashbox Triple Crown Award for his second hit single "Long Tall Sally".
- In 1984, "Little Richard" Penniman was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame.
- In 1986, Penniman was one of the first group of recording artists inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[3]
- In 1990, he was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[206]
- In 1993, he then received an Honorary Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.[207]
- In 1994, he was the fourth recording artist (the others being Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin and James Brown) to be recognized with the Lifetime Achievement Pioneer Award by the Rhythm and Blues Foundation.[208]
- In 1995, he received two Keys to the City of Providence, Rhode Island; one was awarded spontaneously, on stage, by Mayor Vincent "Buddy" Cianci
- In 1997, he received the American Music Award of Merit.
- On May 14, 2002, Little Richard was honored as one of the first three BMI Icons at the 50th annual BMI Pop Awards. He was presented the award along with BMI affiliates Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry.[209]
- In 2002, he received the NAACP Image Award - Hall of Fame Award for having "distinguished himself as not only an unparalleled musical genius, but also as a unique and innovative performing artist—fusing pure vocal talent with exhilarating showmanship."[210]
- In 2003, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.[31]
- In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him #8 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[211]
- In 2006, he was inducted into the Apollo Theater Legends Hall of Fame, at the same time as Ella Fitzgerald (who was one of the first winners of 'Amateur Night at the Apollo' in 1934) and Gladys Knight & the Pips.
- In 2007, his 1955 original hit "Tutti Frutti" topped Mojo's The Top 100 Records That Changed The World.[32]
- In 2008, Penniman was inducted into the Music City Walk of Fame.[212]
- In 2009, he was formally inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame.[213]
- In 2009, he was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame.
- In 2010, The Library Of Congress National Recording Registry added Penniman's original 1955 hit “Tutti Frutti” to its registry, claiming that the hit announced a new era in music: “A-wop-bop-a-loo-bop-a-lop-bam-boom!”[34]
- In September 2010, Little Richard was named GQ's Man of the Year (Legend).[2]
- In April 2012 Rolling Stone Magazine declared that Penniman's "Tutti Frutti" still has the most inspired rock lyric on record: "A wop bop alu bop, a wop bam boom!"[214]
Discography[link]
Main article: Little Richard discography
Filmography[link]
- The Girl Can't Help It (1956), lip-syncing the title number, "Ready Teddy" and "She's Got It"
- Don't Knock the Rock (1956), lip-syncing "Long Tall Sally" and "Tutti Frutti"
- Mister Rock and Roll (1957), lip-syncing "Lucille" and "Keep A-Knockin'", on original prints
- Catalina Caper (aka Never Steal Anything Wet, 1967), Richard lip-syncs an original tune, "Scuba Party" still unreleased on record in 2011.
- Little Richard: Live at the Toronto Peace Festival (1969) - released on DVD in 2009 by Shout! Factory
- The London Rock & Roll Show (1972), performing "Lucille", "Rip It Up", "Good Golly Miss Molly", "Tutti Frutti", "I Believe" [a capella, a few lines], and "Jenny Jenny"
- Jimi Hendrix (1973)
- Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986), production number of hit version of "Great Gosh A-Mighty"
- Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll (1987)
- Goddess of Love (1988)
- Purple People Eater (1988)
- Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills (1989) (uncredited)
- Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990) (voice)
- Mother Goose Rock 'n' Rhyme (1990)
- The Naked Truth (1992)
- Sunset Heat (1992)
- The Pickle (1993)
- Why Do Fools Fall In Love (1998)
- Mystery Alaska (1999)
- The Trumpet of the Swan (2001) (voice)
- James Brown: The Man, The Music, & The Message (2008)
Quotation[link]
 |
This section is a candidate to be copied to Wikiquote using the Transwiki process. |
A lot of songs I sang to crowds first to watch their reaction. That's how I knew they'd hit.[215]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Little Richard – Discover music, videos, concerts, stats, & pictures at". Last.fm. 2009-02-11. http://www.last.fm/music/Little+Richard. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Legend: Little Richard - GQ Men Of The Year". GQ-magazine.co.uk. http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/men-of-the-year/home/winners-2010/gq-men-of-the-year-2010-little-richard-legend/angel. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Little Richard: inducted in 1986 | The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum". Rockhall.com. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/little-richard. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ a b c "Obituary: James Brown". Thenewblackmagazine.com. http://www.thenewblackmagazine.com/view.aspx?index=567. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
- ^ a b c d White (2003), p. 231.
- ^ Unterberger, Richie (1935-12-05). "((( Little Richard > Overview )))". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p4765. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ a b c d "Little Richard". Inductees. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/little-richard.
- ^ "This Day in Music: October 16th". Gibson.com. http://www.gibson.com/en-us/Lifestyle/News/day-in-music-1016/. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ White, Charles (2003), pp. 25-27. The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorised Biography. Omnibus Press.
- ^ White (2003), p. 55.
- ^ a b "Little Richard - Great Gosh A'mighty". YouTube. 2008-08-29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdM4gSzb_ug. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ http://www.jazzwax.com/2010/08/interview-little-richard.html
- ^ a b White (2003), p. 229.
- ^ a b White, Charles (2003), p. 225. The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorised Biography. Omnibus Press.
- ^ a b Shelton, Robert (2003). No Direction Home: The Life and Music of Bob Dylan. Da Capo Press. p. 39. ISBN 0-306-81287-8.
- ^ a b "One of a kind: Bob Dylan at 70 | The Japan Times Online". Search.japantimes.co.jp. http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20110522x1.html. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
- ^ "Under the Influence of Little Richard". ExploreMusic. 2011-09-29. http://exploremusic.com/show/under-the-influence-of-little-richard/. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703545604575407661245246210.html?KEYWORDS=marc+myers
- ^ "The Rolling Stones". History1900s.about.com. http://history1900s.about.com/od/people/a/Rolling-Stones.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
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- ^ Jefferson (2006), p. 103.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 227-31.
- ^ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703545604575407661245246210.html?KEYWORDS=marc+myers
- ^ http://www.jazzwax.com/2010/08/interview-little-richard.html
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/03/arts/music-rappers-who-definitely-know-how-to-rock.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
- ^ White (2003), p. 83 (see text under photo on opposite page).
- ^ a b c White (2003), pp. 264-5.
- ^ a b "This week in religion history". The Star (Toronto). 2010-01-24. http://www.thestar.com/living/religion/article/753992--this-week-in-religion-history. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
- ^ a b c White (2003), p. 221.
- ^ a b "Songwriters Hall of Fame". Web.archive.org. 2006-10-01. Archived from the original on 2006-10-01. http://web.archive.org/web/20061001165541/http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/inductee_ceremony_detail.asp?ceremonyId=24&inducteeCeremonyId=177. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ a b "Little Richard - Tutti Frutti Tops World-Changing Hit List". Contactmusic.com. http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/tutti%20frutti%20tops%20world-changing%20hit%20list_1031090. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
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- ^ White (2003), p. 43.
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- ^ White (2003), p. 65.
- ^ White (2003), p. 68.
- ^ a b White (2003), p. 66.
- ^ White (2003), p. 71.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 70-74.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 91-2.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 94-5.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 242-3.
- ^ White (2003), p. 95.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 96-7.
- ^ a b White (2003), p. 97.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 98-9.
- ^ Tipton, Nathan G. Little Richard (Richard Penniman) An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture. (2002) Claude J. Summers, (Ed.) Chicago, IL, glbtq, Inc.
- ^ Miller, Zell (1996), P .248 "They Heard Georgia Singing". Mercer University Press ISBN 0-86554-504-9 Little Richard (Richard Penniman)
- ^ "Little Richard Timeline". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://rockhall.com/inductees/little-richard/timeline/. Retrieved 2012-01-11.
- ^ "Little Richard - Reverend Richard Wayne Penniman". New World Encyclopedia.Org. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Little_Richard. Retrieved 2012-01-11.
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- ^ White (2003), pp. 267-8.
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- ^ a b White (2003), p. 133.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 133, and 253-5.
- ^ a b White (2003), p. 268.
- ^ White (2003), p. 151.
- ^ Pennebaker: "Little Richard"
- ^ Pennebaker: "Sweet Toronto"
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- ^ White (2003), p. 199.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 195 and 204.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 203-14.
- ^ Rolling Stone biography
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- ^ Chace, Zoe (2010-08-30). "Where Are All The Pretty Boys? : The Record". NPR. http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2010/08/30/129529404/where-are-all-the-pretty-boys. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ Hodkinson 2004, pp. 2,61.
- ^ Austin Scaggs (2003-10-07). "As Time Goes By: Rod Stewart". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/rodstewart/articles/story/5936449/as_time_goes_by. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Motorhead'S Lemmy Says Little Richard Should Be Golden God". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rnZriMDlx4. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ bravewords.com. "> News > AC/DC Guitarist Angus Young Remembers Bon Scott - "When I Think Back In Hindsight, He Was A Guy That I Always Knew Was Full Of Life"". Bravewords.com. http://www.bravewords.com/news/132727. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "Angus Young". Acdcwillie.tripod.com. http://acdcwillie.tripod.com/interview5b.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ bravewords.com. "> News > AC/DC Guitarist Angus Young Remembers Bon Scott - "When I Think Back In Hindsight, He Was A Guy That I Always Knew Was Full Of Life"". Bravewords.com. http://www.bravewords.com/news/132727. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ "ACDC Biography". ACDC Biography. http://www.acdcbiography.com/acdc-biography.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ Herron, Martin. "'Michael Jackson saved my life'". Scarborough Evening News. http://www.scarborougheveningnews.co.uk/news/Michael-Jackson-saved-my-life.5407768.jp. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ http://broadwayworld.com/article/Little-Richard-Arturo-Sandoval-and-More-Join-Blue-Note-Jazz-Festival-Lineup-20120511
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/03/arts/music-rappers-who-definitely-know-how-to-rock.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
- ^ "Bruno Mars Interview – JustBrunoMars.com Exclusive". http://justbrunomars.com/bruno-mars/interviews/bruno-mars-interview-justbrunomars-com-exclusive/. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
- ^ http://www.jazzwax.com/2010/08/interview-little-richard.html
- ^ http://www.fuse.tv/2012/05/little-richard-rocks-beale-st-music-fest-despite-broken-hip
- ^ "Walk of Fame Directory". Hollywoodchamber.net. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080804220837/http://www.hollywoodchamber.net/icons/walk_directory.asp. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Lifetime Awards". GRAMMY.com. 2009-02-08. http://www.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Lifetime_Awards/. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Rhythm and Blues Foundation Website". Web.archive.org. 2008-02-13. Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20080213014043/http://www.rhythm-n-blues.org/pubs/101_333_1403.CFM. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "BMI ICON Awards Honor Three of Rock & Roll’s Founding Fathers". bmi.com. http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/233284. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ CNN.com - Today's Buzz stories |date=2002-02-06[dead link]
- ^ The Greatest Artists of All Time: Little Richard
- ^ "Inductee Information to the Music City Walk of Fame". Visitmusiccity.com. http://www.visitmusiccity.com/walkoffame/inductees.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "LITTLE RICHARD 2009". Louisiana Music Hall of Fame. http://louisianamusichalloffame.org/content/view/94/113/. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "500 Greatest Albums: Here's Little Richard - Little Richard". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/heres-little-richard-little-richard-19691231#ixzz1rsqlCXTq. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
- ^ Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
References[link]
- Kirby, David, Little Richard: The Birth of Rock 'n' Roll, Continuum, 2009.
- White, Charles, The Life And Times Of Little Richard: The Authorized Biography, Omnibus Press, 2003, reprint of 1984.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Little Richard |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Little Richard |
- Little Richard biography at the Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Little Richard in Rolling Stones Top 10 Artists of all Time
- Little Richard biography with pictures
- Little Richard interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969).
- "Little Richard" Penniman (entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia)
- Louisiana Music Hall of Fame Induction Page
- Little Richard Official Myspace Page
- Little Richard News
- "Richard, the First" Marc Myers, The Wall Street Journal, 10 August 2010
- Quotes by Little Richard and Quotes About Little Richard by Famous Artists WIKIQUOTE
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Little Richard |
| Alternative names | Penniman, Richard Wayne |
| Short description | Singer-songwriter, musician |
| Date of birth | December 5, 1932 |
| Place of birth | Macon, Georgia, US |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the singer. For detailed information about his band, see Bill Haley & His Comets.
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| Bill Haley | |
|---|---|
 Bill Haley on television in 1955. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | William John Clifton Haley |
| Also known as | Jack Haley, Johnny Clifton |
| Born | (1925-07-06)July 6, 1925 Highland Park, Michigan, United States |
| Died | February 9, 1981(1981-02-09) (aged 55) Harlingen, Texas, United States |
| Genres | Rock and roll, country, rockabilly |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, bandleader |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, slap bass |
| Years active | 1946–1980 |
| Labels | Cowboy, Atlantic, Keystone, Center, Holiday, Essex, Decca, Warner Bros. Records, Orfeón, Dimsa, Newtown, Guest Star, Logo, APT, Gone, United Artists, Roulette, Sonet, Buddah, Antic, Arzee |
| Associated acts | Bill Haley & His Comets, The Down Homers |
William John Clifton "Bill" Haley (
/ˈheɪliː/; July 6, 1925 – February 9, 1981) was one of the first American rock and roll musicians. He is credited by many with first popularizing this form of music in the early 1950s with his group Bill Haley & His Comets (inspired by Halley's Comet) and million selling hits such as, "Rock Around the Clock", "See You Later Aligator", and "Shake Rattle and Roll". He has sold over 100 million records worldwide.[1]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life and career[link]
Bill Haley was born in Highland Park, Michigan as William John Clifton Haley. Because of the effects of the Great Depression on the Detroit area, his father moved the family to Boothwyn, Pennsylvania, near the town of Chester, when Bill was seven years old. Haley's father William Albert Haley was from Kentucky and played the banjo and mandolin, his mother Maude Green originally from Ulverston in England was a technically accomplished keyboardist with classical training.[2] Haley told the story that when he made a simulated guitar out of cardboard, his parents bought him a real one.[3]
The anonymous sleeve notes accompanying the 1956 Decca album "Rock Around The Clock" describe Haley's early life and career thus: "Bill got his first professional job at the age of 13, playing and entertaining at an auction for the fee of $1 a night. Very soon after this he formed a group of equally enthusiastic youngsters and managed to get quite a few local bookings for his band."
The sleeve notes continue: "When Bill Haley was fifteen [c.1940] he left home with his guitar and very little else and set out on the hard road to fame and fortune. The next few years, continuing this story in a fairy-tale manner, were hard and poverty stricken, but cramful of useful experience. Apart from learning how to exist on one meal a day and other artistic exercises, he worked at an open-air park show, sang and yodelled with any band that would have him and worked with a traveling medicine show. Eventually he got a job with a popular group known as the "Down Homers" while they were in Hartford, Connecticut. Soon after this he decided, as all successful people must decide at some time or another, to be his own boss again - and he has been that ever since.’ [Note: these notes fail to account for his early band, known as the Four Aces of Western Swing. During the 1940s Haley was considered one of the top cowboy yodelers in America as "Silver Yodeling Bill Haley".][4]
The sleeve notes conclude: "For six years Bill Haley was a musical director of Radio Station WPWA in Chester, Pennsylvania, and led his own band all through this period. It was then known as Bill Haley's Saddlemen, indicating their definite leaning toward the tough Western style. They continued playing in clubs as well as over the radio around Philadelphia, and in 1951 made their first recordings."
Bill Haley & His Comets[link]
Main article: Bill Haley & His Comets
During the Labor Day weekend in 1952, The Saddlemen were renamed Bill Haley with Haley's Comets (inspired by a popular mispronunciation of Halley's Comet), and in 1953, Haley's recording of "Crazy Man, Crazy" (co-written by Haley and his bass player, Marshall Lytle although Lytle would not receive credit until 2001) became the first rock and roll song to hit the American charts, peaking at no.15 on Billboard and no.11 on Cash Box. Soon after, the band's name was revised to Bill Haley & His Comets.
In 1953, a song called "Rock Around the Clock" was written for Haley.[5] He was unable to record it until April 12, 1954. Initially, it was relatively unsuccessful, staying at the charts for only one week, but Haley soon scored a major worldwide hit with a cover version of Big Joe Turner's "Shake, Rattle and Roll", which went on to sell a million copies and became the first ever rock 'n' roll song to enter British singles charts in December 1954 and became a Gold Record. He retained elements of the original, but threw some country music aspects in to the song (specifically, Western Swing) and cleaned up the lyrics. Haley and his band were important in launching the music known as "Rock and Roll" to a wider, mostly white audience after a period of it being considered an underground genre. When "Rock Around the Clock" appeared behind the opening credits of the 1955 film Blackboard Jungle starring Glenn Ford, it soared to the top of the American Billboard chart for eight weeks. The single is commonly used as a convenient line of demarcation between the "rock era" and the music industry that preceded it; Billboard separated its statistical tabulations into 1890-1954 and 1955–present. After the record rose to number one, Haley was quickly given the title "Father of Rock and Roll," by the media, and by teenagers that had come to embrace the new style of music.
"Rock Around the Clock" was the first record ever to sell over one million copies in both Britain and Germany and, in 1957, Haley became the first major American rock singer to tour Europe. Haley continued to score hits throughout the 1950s such as "See You Later, Alligator" and he starred in the first rock and roll musical movies Rock Around the Clock and Don't Knock the Rock, both in 1956. Haley was soon eclipsed in the United States by the younger, sexier Elvis, but continued to enjoy great popularity in Latin America, Europe, and Australia through the 1960s.
Death and legacy[link]
A self-admitted alcoholic (as indicated in a 1974 radio interview for the BBC), Haley fought a battle with alcohol into the 1970s. Nonetheless, he and his band continued to be a popular touring act, enjoying a career resurgence in the late 1960s with the Rock and roll revival movement and the signing of a lucrative record deal with the European Sonet Records label. After performing for Queen Elizabeth II at a command performance in 1979, Haley made his final performances in South Africa in May and June 1980. Prior to the South African tour, he was diagnosed with a brain tumor, and a planned tour of Germany in the fall of 1980 was canceled.
The October 25, 1980 edition of the German paper Bild reported that Haley had a brain tumor. It quoted British manager Patrick Maylan as saying that Haley "had taken a fit and went over the seat. He didn't recognize anyone anymore" after being taken to his home in Beverly Hills. It also reported that a doctor at the clinic where Haley had been taken said, "The tumor can't be operated on anymore."[6]
"The Berliner Zeitung" reported a few days later that Haley had collapsed after a performance in Texas and been taken to the hospital in his home town of Harlingen, Texas.[6] However this account is questionable as Bill Haley never performed in the United States in 1980.
Despite his ill health, Haley began compiling notes for possible use as a basis for either a biographical film based on his life, or a published autobiography (accounts differ), and there were plans for him to record an album in Memphis, Tennessee, when the brain tumor began affecting his behavior and he went back to his home in Harlingen, Texas, where he died early in the morning of February 9, 1981.
Martha, Bill's widow, who was with him in these troubling times, denies he had a brain tumor as does his old, very close friend, Hugh McCallum. Martha and friends related that Bill did not want to go on the road any more and that ticket sales for that planned tour of Germany in the fall of 1980 were slow. According to McCallum, "It's my unproven gut feeling that that [the brain tumor] was said to curtail talks about the tour and play the sympathy card."
It was obvious that his drinking problem was getting worse. According to Martha, by this time she and Bill fought all the time and she told him to stop drinking or move out so he moved out into a room in their pool house. Martha still took care of him and sometimes he would come in the house to eat, but he ate very little. "There were days we never saw him," said his daughter Martha Maria.
In addition to the drinking problems, it had become obvious that he also was having serious mental problems; Martha Maria said that, "It was like sometimes he was drunk even when he wasn't drinking." After he'd been jailed by the Harlingen Police, Martha had the judge put Haley in the hospital where he was seen by a psychiatrist who said Bill's brain was overproducing a chemical, like adrenaline. The doctor prescribed a medication to stop the overproduction but said Bill would have to stop drinking. Martha said, "This is pointless." She took him home, however, fed him and gave him his first dose. As soon as he felt better, he went back out to his room in the pool house and the downward spiral continued until his death.[7]
Haley's death certificate listed "Natural causes: Most likely heart attack" as the 'Immediate Cause' of death. The next lines, 'Due to, or as a consequence Of" were blank.[8]
Haley made a succession of bizarre, mostly monologue late-night phone calls to friends and relatives in which he seemed incoherently drunk or ill. Haley's first wife has been quoted as saying, "He would call and ramble and dwell on the past, his mind was really warped." A belligerent phone call to a business associate was taped and gives evidence of Haley's troubled state of mind.[9]
Media reports immediately following his death indicated Haley displayed deranged and erratic behavior in his final weeks, although beyond a biography of Haley by John Swenson, released a year later, which described Haley painting the windows of his home black, there is little information extant about Haley's final days.
Haley was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[10]
Songwriters Tom Russell and Dave Alvin addressed Haley's demise in musical terms with "Haley's Comet" on Alvin's 1991 album Blue Blvd. Dwight Yoakam sang backup on the tribute.
Haley's original Comets still tour the world. They released a concert DVD in 2004 on Hydra Records, played the Viper Room in West Hollywood in 2005, and performed at Dick Clark's American Bandstand Theater in Branson, Missouri in 2006-07.
In March 2007, the Original Comets pre-opened the Bill Haley Museum in Munich, Germany.[11] On October 27, 2007, ex-Comets guitar player Bill Turner opened the Bill Haley Museum for the public.
Asteroid[link]
- Main article - 79896 Billhaley
In February 2006, the International Astronomical Union announced the naming of asteroid 79896 Billhaley to mark the 25th anniversary of Bill Haley's death.
Children[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Married three times, Bill Haley had at least four children. John W. Haley, his eldest son, wrote Sound and Glory, a biography of Haley, while his youngest daughter, Gina Haley, is a professional musician based in Texas. Scott Haley is an athlete, while Haley's youngest son, Pedro Haley, is also a musician.
He also had a daughter, Martha Maria, from his last marriage with Martha Velasco.
Bill Haley Jr. (Haley's second son and first with Joan Barbara "Cuppy" Haley-Hahn) publishes a regional business magazine in Southeastern Pennsylvania (Route 422 Business Advisor). He sings and plays guitar with a band called "Lager Rhythms," and appeared with the "Original Comets" at the Bubba Mac Shack in Somers Point, New Jersey, in 2004 and 2005, and at the Twin Bar re-dedication ceremony in Gloucester City, New Jersey, in 2007. He is currently writing a biography about his father, concentrating on the years 1949-61.
He also appeared live before a sellout crowd with the Comets as recently as March 19, 2011 when he was invited onstage for the grand finale at the Pioneers of Rock & Roll Show at Cannstatter's Ballroom on Academy Rd. in N.E. Philadelphia. The show featured the Original Comets and Philadelphia's first original rock artist, Charlie Gracie. Also appearing was one of the favorite local Doo Wop groups - The Emeralds. Highlights of the show can be seen on YouTube.
Biographies[link]
- In 1980, Haley began working on an autobiography entitled The Life and Times of Bill Haley but died after completing only 100 pages. The work is registered with the U.S. Copyright Office but has yet to be released to the public.
- In 1982, John Swenson wrote Bill Haley: The Daddy of Rock and Roll (published in the UK under the title, Bill Haley).
- In 1990, Haley's eldest son, John W. Haley, along with John von Hoëlle wrote Sound and Glory, a biography focusing mostly on Haley's early life and peak career years. This book is out of print.
- A German-language biography was published soon after Haley's death, written by Peter Cornelsen and Harald D. Kain.
- A book on the history of Haley's most famous recording, Rock Around the Clock: The Record That Started the Rock Revolution by Jim Dawson was published in June 2005.[12]
Film portrayals[link]
Unlike his contemporaries, Bill Haley has rarely been portrayed on screen. Following the success of The Buddy Holly Story in 1978, Haley expressed interest in having his life story committed to film, but this never came to fruition. In the 1980s and early 1990s, numerous media reports emerged that plans were underway to do a biopic based upon Haley's life, with Beau Bridges, Jeff Bridges and John Ritter all at one point being mentioned as actors in line to play Haley (according to Goldmine Magazine, Ritter attempted to buy the film rights to Sound and Glory).
Bill Haley has also been portrayed - not always in a positive light - in several "period" films:
- John Paramor in Shout! The Story of Johnny O'Keefe (1985)
- Michael Daingerfield in Mr. Rock 'n' Roll: The Alan Freed Story (1999)
- Dicky Barrett (of The Mighty Mighty Bosstones) in Shake, Rattle and Roll: An American Love Story (also 1999)
In March 2005, the British network Sky TV reported that Tom Hanks was planning to produce a biopic on the life of Bill Haley, with production tentatively scheduled to begin in 2006.[13] However this rumor was quickly debunked by Hanks.
Discography[link]
Prior to the formation of Bill Haley and the Saddlemen, which later became The Comets, Haley released several singles with other groups. Dates are approximate due to lack of documentation.[14]
As Bill Haley and the Four Aces of Western Swing
1948
- Too Many Parties and Too Many Pals (vocal by Tex King)/Four Leaf Clover Blues (Cowboy CR1201)
1949
- Tennessee Border/Candy Kisses (Cowboy CR1202)
As Johnny Clifton and His String Band
1950
- Stand Up and Be Counted/Loveless Blues (Center C102)
Many Haley discographies list two 1946 recordings by the Down Homers released on the Vogue Records label as featuring Haley. Haley historian Chris Gardner, as well as surviving members of the group, have confirmed that the two singles: "Out Where the West Winds Blow"/"Who's Gonna Kiss You When I'm Gone" (Vogue R736) and "Boogie Woogie Yodel"/"Baby I Found Out All About You" (Vogue R786) do not feature Haley.[15] However, the tracks were nonetheless included in the compilation box set Rock 'n' Roll Arrives released by Bear Family Records in 2006.
- See the discography section of Bill Haley & His Comets for a list of the singles and album releases made by Haley with the Saddlemen and the Comets from 1950 onwards.
Unreleased recordings[link]
Bill Haley recorded prolifically during the 1940s, often at the radio stations where he worked, or in formal studio settings. Virtually none of these recordings were ever released. Liner notes for a 2003 CD release by Hydra Records entitled Bill Haley and Friends Vol. 2: The Legendary Cowboy Recordings reveal that several additional Cowboy label single releases were planned for the Four Aces, but this never occurred.
A number of previously unreleased Haley country-western recordings from the 1946-1950 period began to emerge near the end of Haley's life, some of which were released by the Arzee label, with titles such as "Yodel Your Blues Away" and "Rose of My Heart." Still more demos, alternate takes, and wholly unheard-before recordings have been released since Haley's death. Notable examples of such releases include the albums Golden Country Origins by Grassroots Records of Australia and Hillbilly Haley by the British label, Rollercoaster, as well as the aforementioned German release by Hydra Records. In 2006, Bear Family Records of Germany released what is considered to be the most comprehensive (yet still incomplete) collection of Haley's 1946-1950 recordings as part of its Haley box set Rock n' Roll Arrives.
Compositions[link]
Bill Haley's compositions included "Four Leaf Clover Blues", "Crazy Man, Crazy", "What'Cha Gonna Do", "Fractured", "Live It Up", "Farewell, So Long, Goodbye", "Real Rock Drive", "Rocking Chair on the Moon", "Sundown Boogie", "Birth Of The Boogie", "Two Hound Dogs", "Rock-A-Beatin' Boogie", "Hot Dog Buddy Buddy", "R-O-C-K", "Rudy's Rock", "Calling All Comets", "Tonight's the Night", "Hook, Line and Sinker", "Sway with Me", "Paper Boy (On Main Street U.S.A.)", "Skinny Minnie", "B.B. Betty", "Eloise", "Whoa Mabel!", "Vive la Rock and Roll", "So Right Toight", "Football Rock and Roll", and "Chick Safari". He also wrote or co-wrote songs for other artists such as "Calypso Rock" for Dave Day and The Red Coats on Kapp in 1956, "A.B.C. Rock" and "Rocky the Rockin' Rabbit" for Sally Starr on Arcade, and "(Ya Gotta) Sing For The Ladies" and "Butterfly Love" for Ginger Shannon and Johnny Montana in 1960 on Arcade as well as the unissued "I'm Shook" in 1958.
Quotations[link]
Frankly, our market is the teenagers. They are the ones we constantly try to please. We keep very close to them, listening for their new expressions and asking what they want in the way of music.
There has to be a Cadillac music and a Ford music. Tchaikovsky and Bach is Cadillac music, while we play more down-to-earth Ford music. It's got a good solid beat that can't be missed... definitely designed for teenage kids to dance to.
References[link]
- ^ "The Bill Haley Tapes - compact discs". Audiobooksonline.com. http://www.audiobooksonline.com/188595915X.html. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "Bill Haley and his Comets". Classic Bands. http://www.classicbands.com/haley.html.
- ^ Bill Haley: The Daddy of Rock and Roll. John Swenson. 1982. Stein and Day. pages 15,17. ISBN 0-8128-2909-3
- ^ "Bill Haley and the Saddlemen". Hillbilly-Music.com. 1981-02-09. http://www.hillbilly-music.com/artists/story/index.php?id=13813. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ Dawson 2005
- ^ a b Bill Haley: The Daddy of Rock and Roll. John Swenson. 1982. Stein and Day. page 154. ISBN 0-8128-2909-3
- ^ Falling Comet. Michael Hall. 2011. Texas Monthly, June 2011.
- ^ Bill Haley: The Daddy of Rock and Roll. John Swenson. 1982. Stein and Day. page 164. ISBN 0-8128-2909-3
- ^ Bill Haley: The Daddy of Rock and Roll. John Swenson. 1982. Stein and Day. pages 155-159. ISBN 0-8128-2909-3
- ^ Dawson, Jim and Whitcomb, Ian (2005). Rock Around the Clock: The Record that Started the Rock Revolution!, p. 180. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-87930-829-X
- ^ "Rockithydra" (in (German)). Rockithydra.de. http://www.rockithydra.de. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ ""EXTRA!" Page 1 / Bill Haley and the Comets". Rockabillyhall.com. http://www.rockabillyhall.com/Extra.html#clockbook. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Bill Haley Database". Billhaleycentral.com. http://www.billhaleycentral.com. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ Thegardnerfamily.org
- ^ Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. p. 19. CN 5585.
- ^ Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. p. 36. CN 5585.
Other sources[link]
 |
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2008) |
- Jim Dawson, Rock Around the Clock: The Record That Started the Rock Revolution! (San Francisco: Backbeat Books, 2005)
- John W. Haley and John von Hoëlle, Sound and Glory (Wilmington, DE: Dyne-American, 1990)
- John Swenson, Bill Haley (London: W.H. Allen, 1982)
External links[link]
- Bill Haley's new Comets web site
- Melody Manor (Bill Haley's house) Google Map
- Bill Haley at the Internet Movie Database
- Answers
- The Bill Haley & His Comets Story (German)
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Haley, William John Clifton |
| Alternative names | Haley, Bill; Clifton, Johnny; Gregory, Scott; Haley, Jack |
| Short description | Rock and roll music pioneer |
| Date of birth | July 6, 1925 |
| Place of birth | Highland Park, Michigan |
| Date of death | February 9, 1981 |
| Place of death | Harlingen, Texas |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
