The People's Republic of China (PRC) currently administers 22 provinces. The PRC also asserts herself as the sole legitimate representative of all of China, but does not administer, Taiwan as a 23rd province. The Republic of China (ROC) administers Taiwan, as well as some offshore islands including Kinmen and Matsu, which form Fujian Province, Republic of China and was part of an originally unified Fujian province, but since 1949 divided between PRC and ROC after the Chinese Civil War.
In the People's Republic of China, every province has a Communist Party of China provincial committee, headed by a secretary. The committee secretary is in charge of the province, rather than the governor of the provincial government.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%; width:100%; margin:auto;" |+ style="text-align:center; background:#bfd7ff;"| Provinces of the People's Republic of China |- ! Map # ! Name ! Chinese (T) ! Chinese (S) ! Pinyin ! Postal map ! Abb.¹ ! Area² ! Capital ! Capital(Chn-S) ! GDP (Nominal)2008 Millom USD ! GDP (Nominal)per capita USD ! Region ! ! Admin.Division |- | 1 | Heilongjiang | | | Hēilóngjiāng | Heilungkiang | hēi | 454,000 | Harbin | | 119,800 | 3,131 | style="background:#9696ff;"| Northeast | CN-23 | List |- | 2 | Jilin | | | Jílín | Kirin | jí | 187,400 | Changchun | | 92,600 | 3,388 | style="background:#9696ff;"| Northeast | CN-22 | List |- | 3 | Liaoning | | | Liáoníng | Fengtien | liáo | 145,900 | Shenyang | | 194,000 | 4,506 | style="background:#9696ff;"| Northeast | CN-21 | List |- | 4 | Qinghai | | | Qīnghǎi | Tsinghai | qīng | 721,200 | Xining | | 13,900 | 2,506 | style="background:#ff9148;"| Northwest | CN-63 | List |- | 5 | Gansu | | | Gānsù | Kansu | gān or lǒng | 454,300 | Lanzhou | | 44,700 | 1,745 | style="background:#ff9148;"| Northwest | CN-62 | List |- | 6 | Shaanxi | | | Shǎnxī | Shensi | shǎn or qín | 205,600 | Xi'an | | 98,700 | 2,629 | style="background:#ff9148;"| Northwest | CN-61 | List |- | 7 | Shanxi | | | Shānxī | Shansi | jìn | 156,300 | Taiyuan | | 100,000 | 2,925 | style="background:#79ff76;"| North | CN-14 | List |- | 8 | Hebei | | | Héběi | Hopeh | jì | 187,700 | Shijiazhuang | | 233,084 | 3,348 | style="background:#79ff76;"| North | CN-13 | List |- | 9 | Sichuan | | | Sìchuān | Szechuan | chuān or shǔ | 485,000 | Chengdu | | 180,200 | 2,216 | style="background:#d16eff;"| Southwest | CN-51 | List |- | 10 | Hubei | | | Húběi | Hupeh | è | 185,900 | Wuhan | | 163,300 | 2,865 | style="background:#fffb91;"| South Central | CN-42 | List |- | 11 | Henan | | | Hénán | Honan | yù | 167,000 | Zhengzhou | | 265,035 | 2,823 | style="background:#fffb91;"| South Central | CN-41 | List |- | 12 | Shandong | | | Shāndōng | Shantung | lǔ | 153,800 | Jinan | | 447,375 | 4,767 | style="background:#8bffe8;"| East | CN-37 | List |- | 13 | Anhui | | | Ānhuī | Anhwei | wǎn | 139,700 | Hefei | | 139,400 | 2,123 | style="background:#8bffe8;"| East | CN-34 | List |- | 14 | Jiangsu | | | Jiāngsū | Kiangsu | sū | 102,600 | Nanjing | | 436,441 | 5,695 | style="background:#8bffe8;"| East | CN-32 | List |- | 15 | Yunnan | | | Yúnnán | Yunnan | diān or yún | 394,000 | Kunming | | 82,200 | 1,840 | style="background:#d16eff;"| Southwest | CN-53 | List |- | 16 | Guizhou | | | Gùizhōu | Kweichow | qián or gùi | 176,000 | Guiyang | | 176,100 | 1,293 | style="background:#d16eff;"| Southwest | CN-52 | List |- | 17 | Hunan | | | Húnán | Hunan | xiāng | 210,000 | Changsha | | 160,800 | 2,823 | style="background:#fffb91;"| South Central | CN-43 | List |- | 18 | Jiangxi | | | Jiāngxī | Kiangsi | gàn | 167,000 | Nanchang | | 95,294 | 2,121 | style="background:#8bffe8;"| East | CN-36 | List |- | 19 | Zhejiang | | | Zhèjiāng | Chekiang | zhè | 102,000 | Hangzhou | | 309,369 | 6,082 | style="background:#8bffe8;"| East | CN-33 | List |- | 20 | Hainan | | | Hǎinán | Hainan | qióng | 34,000 | Haikou | | 13,100 | 2,475 | style="background:#fffb91;"| South Central | CN-46 | List |- | 21 | Guangdong | | | Guǎngdōng | Kwangtung | yuè | 180,000 | Guangzhou | | 513,957 | 5,416 | style="background:#fffb91;"| South Central | CN-44 | List |- | 22 | Fujian | | | Fújiàn | Fukien | mǐn | 121,300 | Fuzhou | | 156,000 | 4,341 | style="background:#8bffe8;"| East | CN-35 | List |- | 23 | Taiwan † | | | | Táiwān | Taiwan | tái | 35,581 | Taibei | | 383,347 | 17,040 | style="background:#8bffe8;"| East | CN-71 | List |}
Notes: :¹: Abbreviation for each province :²: in km² :†: Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China has claimed Taiwan Province to be its 23rd province even though it has never controlled any part of Taiwan. The Republic of China currently controls this Taiwan Province, which consists of Taiwan island and the Penghu. The ROC also controls one county of Fujian Province: Kinmen (Jinmen); and part of a second county: Lienchiang (Lianjiang).
The rulers of China first set up provinces - initially 10 in number - during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). By the time of the establishment of the Qing Dynasty in 1644 there were 18 provinces, all of them in China proper. These were: {| |
Each province had a xunfu (巡撫), a political overseer on behalf of the emperor, and a tidu (提督), a military governor. In addition, there was a zongdu (總督), a general military inspector or governor general, for every two to three provinces.
Outer regions of China (those beyond China proper) were not divided into provinces. Military leaders or generals (將軍) oversaw Manchuria (consisting of Fengtian (now Liaoning), Jilin, Heilongjiang), Xinjiang, and Mongolia, while vice-dutong (副都統) and civilian leaders headed the leagues (盟長), a subdivision of Mongolia. The ambans (驻藏大臣) supervised the administration of Tibet.
In 1884 Xinjiang became a province; in 1907 Fengtian, Jilin, and Heilongjiang were made provinces as well. Taiwan became a province in 1885, but China ceded Taiwan to Japan in 1895. As a result, there were 22 provinces in China (Outer China and China proper) near the end of the Qing Dynasty.
The Republic of China, established in 1912, set up 4 more provinces in Inner Mongolia and 2 provinces in historic Tibet, bringing the total to 28. But China lost four provinces with the establishment of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in Manchuria. After the defeat of Japan in World War II in 1945, China re-incorporated Manchuria as 10 provinces, and assumed control of Taiwan as a province. As a result, the Republic of China in 1946 had 35 provinces. Although the Republic of China now only controls one province, (Taiwan), and some islands of a second province (Fujian), it continues to formally claim all 35 provinces.
The People's Republic of China abolished many of the provinces in the 1950s and converted a number of them into autonomous regions. Hainan became a separate province in 1988, bringing the total number of provinces under PRC control to 22.
Category:Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China
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