- published: 27 Jan 2013
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- author: Mrdeluro
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- 1970 FA Cup Final
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A58 road
The A58 is a major road in northern England that runs between Prescot, Merseyside and Wetherby, West Yorkshire.
It runs north east from Prescot on the outskirts of Liverpool via St Helens, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Hindley, Westhoughton, Bolton, Bury, Heywood, Rochdale and Littleborough then over the Pennines into West Yorkshire.
The road then goes through Ripponden, Sowerby Bridge to Halifax and onwards to Leeds via the villages of Hipperholme, Birkenshaw and Drighlington. It runs through Leeds as the A58(M) motorway (part of the Leeds Inner Ring Road), then north-east through Scarcroft, Bardsey and Collingham to its terminus at Wetherby.
The original route between Leeds and Wetherby partially bypasses its original route, diverting from Roundhay Road/ Wetherby Road, at the old Fforde Green junction in Harehills. It runs along the Easterly Road dual carriageway passing Oakwood and Gipton. The re-routed A58 meets its original route at Boggart Hill in Seacroft. The re-routed section was constructed in the 1930s and had a branch of the Leeds Tramway running along the central reservation until the 1950s. The proposed Leeds Supertram was also to run this route.
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A61 road
The A61 is a major trunk road in England. It runs from Derby to Thirsk in North Yorkshire. From Derby, it heads north via Alfreton, Clay Cross, Chesterfield, Sheffield, Barnsley, Wakefield, Leeds, Harrogate and Ripon. The road is closely paralleled by the M1 motorway as far as Leeds.
Heading south, the road begins as single carriageway which bypasses Ripon and onto Harrogate town centre. At Harrogate, the road divides into two major one way streets which enclose the town centre and run along The Stray, (a 200-acre (0.81 km2) stretch of grassland in Harrogate). The A61 continues through Harewood before approaching the north's metropolis, where a sudden urban fringe approaches. As the road enters Leeds, the road becomes a main dual carriageway (or Trunk Road) and artery for north Leeds. For a distance it stays the same before the arrival of the superbusway near Potternewton. Here, the A61 rises slightly, and a panoramic view of Leeds skyline is revealed. The descent into Leeds is quick and the road soon turns into a multi-lane road, as it approaches Sheepscar Interchange. Fast Flowing traffic is directed onto the A61, although some traffic is directed off the A61 to avoid Leeds City Centre as it routes around the back of Quarry House. The A61 meets it shortly after, as it shares the city centre loop for a short distance. After crossing the river, the road splits again before taking traffic out to the motorways. The road then continues out of Leeds towards Wakefield and Barnsley. South of Barnsley it crosses the M1 at Junction 36 then heads towards Sheffield. Between the M1 at Junction 36 and the Westwood roundabout intersection with the A616, the road is designated as a trunk road under the responsibility of the Highways Agency.
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A62 road
The A62 is a major road in Northern England that runs between the two major cities of Manchester and Leeds.
The road is approximately 40 miles (65 km) long. It runs north east from Manchester (beginning as Oldham Street and Oldham Road) through Failsworth and Oldham then Saddleworth before crossing the Pennines at Standedge into West Yorkshire. Continuing through Marsden, Slaithwaite, Linthwaite, Huddersfield, Liversedge, Heckmondwike and Birstall. It terminates just short of Leeds city centre at its junction with the A58 road.
It is paralleled by part of the M62 Trans-Pennine motorway. Prior to the building of the M62, the A62 was the main trans-Pennine road between Oldham and Huddersfield. The M62 is numbered after the A62 and now takes most of the long-distance traffic between Manchester and Leeds.
Coordinates: 53°37′06″N 1°53′24″W / 53.61823°N 1.89012°W / 53.61823; -1.89012
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A63 road
The A63 is a major road in Yorkshire, England between Leeds and Kingston upon Hull. A section between South Cave and Hull forms the eastward continuation of the M62 motorway and is part of the unsigned Euroroute E20.
The route from Leeds out to Selby runs roughly parallel, and (1 to 3 km) south of the route of the Leeds and Selby Railway.
The route begins just east of Leeds city centre at a junction with the A61, although, prior to its February 2009 realignment along the new East Leeds Link Road, it began at a junction with the A64 in the Halton Moor area of the city (now signed as the B6159). Heading out of Leeds the route, despite being of dual carriageway standard, is subject to a 40 mph speed limit, and incorporates peak-time HOV lanes. At the end of this dual carriageway section, the route meets the M1, and the road continues north along the motorway for one junction then resumes as the A63.
From junction 46 of the M1, the Thorpe Park roundabout, the route continues east, meeting the A642 at Garforth. There is a turning for Lidgett Lane (B6137) to the left, next to Garforth Community College, with the TOTAL Garforth West garage on the right. It crosses the Leeds Country Way (a former railway), and there is the B6137 to the right for Kippax. On the Garforth/Micklefield parish boundary is a roundabout with the A656 Roman Ridge.
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A64 road
The A64 is a major road in North and West Yorkshire, England which links Leeds, York and Scarborough. The A64 starts as the A64(M) ring road motorway in Leeds, then towards York it becomes a high quality dual carriageway for the remainder of its route, except sections of the road from Malton to Scarborough.
The road approximates a section of the old Roman road running from Chester to Bridlington, intersecting Ermine Street - the Old North Road - at York.
The road begins in Leeds as the A64(M) at Richmond Hill and the Woodpecker Junction, and close to the West Yorkshire Playhouse and the NHS's imposing Quarry House. It leads onto the York Road, passing All Saints Richmond Hill CE Primary School where there is a flyover for Lupton Avenue, and a left turn for the B6159 Harehills Lane near the Victoria Primary School. At Killingbeck, the A63 forks to the right at its western terminus. It passes Asda on the left, with the Killingbeck Retail Park, and Seacroft Hospital on the right. It meets Foundry Lane and Cross Gates Road at a roundabout next to Killingbeck police station. It meets, and overlaps with, the Leeds Outer Ring Road (A6120) at a roundabout near Swarcliffe next to St Theresa's RC Primary School, and at Seacroft there is a roundabout where the A64 leaves to the right, with the Ramada Leeds North hotel to the east.
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A643 road
The A643 is a main road in West Yorkshire, England.
It starts at the Armley Gyratory and ends at junction 23 of the M62 Motorway (Mount Roundabout, Outlane, Huddersfield) and is approximately 18 miles (29 km) long.
The road goes through Morley, Birstall, Gomersal, Cleckheaton, Brighouse, Rastrick to the north of Huddersfield (Ainley Top and Mount).
The Leeds United AFC football stadium is named after the road part of the A643 that passes it, Elland Road. This road is so called because the A643 originally ended in town of Elland near Halifax.
Coordinates: 53°43′20″N 1°43′47″W / 53.7221°N 1.7296°W / 53.7221; -1.7296 (A643 road)
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A65 road
The A65 is a major road in England. It runs north west from Leeds in Yorkshire via Kirkstall, Horsforth, Yeadon, Guiseley, Ilkley and Skipton, passes west of Settle, then continues through Ingleton and Kirkby Lonsdale before terminating at Kendal in Cumbria.
Listed from south to north, beginning at Leeds:
The A65 between Long Preston and the M6 J36 has a poor safety record, according to EuroRAP. This 42 km stretch of single carriageway road suffered 48 fatal or serious injury accidents between 2002 and 2004. Indeed the road features in the list highest risk roads in Britain (excluding motorcycle accidents)
Coordinates: 53°59′34″N 2°09′53″W / 53.99276°N 2.16482°W / 53.99276; -2.16482
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A660 road
The A660 is a major road in West Yorkshire, England that runs from Leeds to Burley-in-Wharfedale where it meets the A65. (The A65 also starts in Leeds and runs parallel to, and south of, the A660. It continues to Ilkley, Skipton, Settle and Kendal as a main trans-Pennine route.) The A660 is approximately 10 miles (16 km) long, and crosses the watershed from Airedale to lower Wharfedale. For most of its length the road is in the metropolitan district of the City of Leeds; the last 0.4 miles (0.6 km) is in City of Bradford district.
The A660 starts in Leeds city centre, officially at the junction of Woodhouse Lane and Claypit Lane. The northbound carriageway passes Leeds Metropolitan University's "civic quarter" campus, crosses the A58(M) (Leeds Inner Ring Road), which is in a cutting, and passes the University of Leeds with its landmark tower. The southbound carriageway is separated, at one stage by several terraced streets. The carriageways combine before crossing Woodhouse Moor to Hyde Park. The road passes the buildings of Leeds Girls' High School and climbs to Headingley, passing St Michael's Church and many shops and bars including the Arndale Centre. Shortly after the church, a plaque shows the site of the original oak tree which gave its name to the wapentake of Skyrack ("Shire oak"): this is reflected in two pub names and nearby Shire Oak Road. The road continues through Far Headingley and West Park.
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Abbey House Museum
Abbey House Museum in Kirkstall, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England is housed in the gatehouse of the ruined Kirkstall Abbey, a grade II* listed building.
The ground floor of the museum is set out as an area of Victorian streets, illustrating a range of shops and services and including original shop fittings etc. Upstairs galleries feature the history of Kirkstall Abbey, Childhood, and Leeds Social History, as well as temporary exhibitions.
Coordinates: 53°49′20″N 1°36′25″W / 53.82222°N 1.60694°W / 53.82222; -1.60694
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Allerton High School
Coordinates: 53°51′01″N 1°33′06″W / 53.85035°N 1.55166°W / 53.85035; -1.55166
Allerton High School Business and Enterprise is an 11-19 comprehensive in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England specialising in Business and Enterprise.
It moved into new buildings on 1 September 2008, and there was a formal opening by Prime Minister Gordon Brown on 28 November 2008. The head teacher is Mrs Elaine Silson.
It is situated around 500 metres north of the A6120 Leeds Outer Ring Road, north of the Moor Allerton shopping centre, and east of St Stephen's church.
The school was opened in 1939 as a girls' grammar school by the City of Leeds Education Committee. The school had previously been on Harrogate Road near Stainbeck Lane since 1901, and moved to Moor Allerton in 1939.
In the 1960s it had around 700 girls.
In 1972, boys were included in the student body and the school became a 13–18 comprehensive. It later became an 11–19 comprehensive, and in 1992 underwent a physical expansion.
The school has a standard uniform, comprising a dark green V-necked top printed with the school logo, a white shirt, a green and white school tie, a dark green skirt (girls only) or black trousers (either sex), and black shoes (heels to be no higher than 5 cm) with black socks. A dark green or black headscarf may be worn. The school is involved in the Excellence in Cities initiative. Its motto used to be "In Minimis Fidelis", until 2004 when it was changed to "Enabling Young People To Achieve Success". The new building provides a substantial multi-faith centre.
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Alwoodley
Coordinates: 53°51′36″N 1°31′59″W / 53.8599°N 1.5331°W / 53.8599; -1.5331
Alwoodley is a civil parish and suburb of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. It is 5 miles (8.0 km) north of central Leeds. The name Alwoodley is said to be a corruption of 'Aethelwaldley', as it was originally known in the Middle Ages, meaning the woodland clearing (ley), at Aethelwald's farm. Alwoodley lies in Leeds 17 which was reported to contain the most expensive housing area in Yorkshire and the Humber by The Times.
The area comprises a large part of the postcode LS17, which contains most of North Leeds and the surrounding countryside. On either side of Alwoodley is Adel, to the west, and Shadwell, to the east. Most of the housing is between Nursery Lane and Alwoodley Lane. The area to the North is mainly countryside, including the Eccup Reservoir and two golf courses.
The civil parish boundaries are from Nursery Lane on the South, following the Meanwood Valley Trail on the West, the A61 Harrogate Road on the East. The northern boundaries are in countryside between Harewood to the Northeast and Arthington to the Northwest. Note that Alwoodley Gates is an area to the East of the A61 in the Harewood civil parish.
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Atlantic ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres (41,100,000 sq mi), it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the "Sea of Atlas".
The oldest known mention of "Atlantic" is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: Sea of Atlas); see also: Atlas Mountains. The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic ocean as late as the mid-19th century. Before Europeans discovered other oceans, the term "ocean" itself was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that we now know as the Atlantic. The early Greeks believed this ocean to be a gigantic river encircling the world.
The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean (which is sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic), to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south. (Other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica.) The equator subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.
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Batley
Coordinates: 53°42′58″N 1°37′37″W / 53.716°N 1.627°W / 53.716; -1.627
Batley is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It lies 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Bradford, 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Leeds and 1 mile (2 km) north of Dewsbury, near the M62 motorway. It has a population of 49,448 (including Birstall). Other nearby towns include: Morley to the northeast, Ossett to the southeast and Brighouse westsouthwest. After undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century through the success of the shoddy (recycled wool) trade, Batley has more recently undergone a period of decline. Batley is part of a special EU transformation zone.
The name Batley is derived from Danish, meaning either valley or homestead of bats, or more likely, homestead of the locally prominent Batte family. It is recorded in the Domesday Book as 'Bateleia'. After the Norman Conquest, the manor was granted to Ilbert de Lacy. It subsequently passed into the ownership of the de Batleys, and by the 12th century had passed by marriage to the Copley family. Their residence at Batley Hall was held directly from the Crown; at this time the district fell within the Duchy of Lancaster. The population at this time was 30 to 40 people. By the late 14th century, the population has increased to around 100.
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Belfast
Coordinates: 54°35′49″N 5°55′48″W / 54.597°N 5.930°W / 54.597; -5.930
Belfast (from Irish: Béal Feirste, meaning "mouth of the shoal") is the capital of and largest city in Northern Ireland. By population, it is the fourteenth largest city in the United Kingdom and second largest on the island of Ireland. It is the seat of the devolved government and legislative Northern Ireland Assembly. The city of Belfast has a population of 267,500 and lies at the heart of the Belfast urban area, which has a population of 579,276. The Larger Urban Zone, as defined by the European Union, has a total population 641,638. Belfast was granted city status in 1888.
Historically, Belfast has been a centre for the Irish linen industry (earning the nickname "Linenopolis"), tobacco production, rope-making and shipbuilding: the city's main shipbuilders, Harland and Wolff, which built the well-known RMS Titanic, propelled Belfast on to the global stage in the early 20th century as the biggest and most productive shipyard in the world. Belfast played a key role in the Industrial Revolution, establishing its place as a global industrial centre until the latter half of the 20th century. Industrialisation and the inward migration it brought made Belfast, if briefly, the biggest city in Ireland at the turn of the 20th century and the city's industrial and economic success was cited by Ulster unionist opponents of Home Rule as a reason why Ireland should shun devolution and later why Ulster in particular would fight to resist it.
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Bingley
Coordinates: 53°50′46″N 1°50′10″W / 53.846°N 1.836°W / 53.846; -1.836
Bingley is a market town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The town has a population of 19,884 according to the 2001 Census.
Local travel links include Bingley railway station in the town centre and Leeds Bradford International Airport, which is located 7 miles (11 km) from the city centre. The B6265 (Main Street), connecting Bingley to Keighley, runs through the town centre.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bingley appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Bingheleia".
Bingley was probably founded about the time of the Saxons; certainly its name is Saxon in origin. Bingley was founded by a ford on the River Aire. This crossing gave access to Harden, Cullingworth and Wilsden on the south side of the river.
In the Domesday Book of 1086, Bingley is listed as "Bingheleia", with the following entry:
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Birmingham
Birmingham (
i/ˈbɜrmɪŋəm/ BUR-ming-əm, locally /ˈbɜrmɪŋɡəm/ BUR-ming-gəm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 (2010 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
A medium-sized market town during the medieval period, Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide developments in science, technology and economic organisation, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791 it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly-skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism, that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy.
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Bradford
Coordinates: 53°48′00″N 1°45′07″W / 53.8000°N 1.75206°W / 53.8000; -1.75206
Bradford (i/ˈbrædfəd/) lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, in Northern England. It is situated in the foothills of the Pennines, 8.6 miles (13.8 km) west of Leeds, and 16 miles (25.7 km) northwest of Wakefield. Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Following local government reform in 1974, city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough.
Bradford has a population of 293,717, making it the fourteenth-most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), the third largest in the UK after London and Manchester, with an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2.4 million.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the "wool capital of the world". The area's access to a supply of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford's manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment; Bradford has fine Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall.
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Bramham Park
Coordinates: 53°52′13″N 1°22′49″W / 53.87028°N 1.38028°W / 53.87028; -1.38028
Bramham Park is a country house between Leeds and Wetherby, West Yorkshire, England. The Baroque mansion was built in 1698 by Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley. It has remained in the ownership of Benson's descendents since its completion in 1710. The house is surrounded by a landscaped park ornamented by a series of follies and avenues laid out in the 18th century landscape tradition. Following a fire in 1828 the house was derelict for 80 years until restored under the supervision of the architect Detmar Blow circa 1908. The house is named after the nearby village of Bramham.
Today it remains a private residence, while the park is the setting for the annual Bramham Horse Trials and Leeds Festival.
Bramham is a product of a grand tour; its creator Robert Benson, later Lord Bingley, completed his formal education with a grand tour in 1697, and whilst in Italy he began to envisage his new mansion in the Palladian manner complemented in a landscaped park, in the fashion made popular by Le Nôtre in France in the late 17th century.
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Bridgewater Place
Bridgewater Place, nicknamed The Dalek, is an office and residential skyscraper development in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is the tallest building in Yorkshire, and has held this record since being topped out in September 2005. It is visible at up to 25 miles (40 km) from certain areas.
The development has been designed by Aedas Architects with the developer being Landmark Development Projects and St James Securities with Bovis Lend Lease being the contractor. The developer of the residential element of Bridgewater Place is KW Linfoot.
It was first announced in 2000 and, following several redesigns and delays with the construction process, construction of the building began in 2004 and was completed in 2007. It became the tallest building in Leeds, by a significant margin, and Yorkshire (although this does not take into account structures such as Emley Moor). Bridgewater Place has a height of 112 metres (367 ft) to roof level. Originally the tower was to have a spire which would have extended the height of the building to 137 metres (449 ft), however this was never built.
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Bridlington
Coordinates: 54°05′17″N 0°12′01″W / 54.088°N 0.2004°W / 54.088; -0.2004
Bridlington is a seaside resort, minor sea fishing port and civil parish on the Holderness Coast of the North Sea, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It has a static population of over 33,000, which rises considerably during the tourist season. The town is twinned with Millau in France and Bad Salzuflen in Germany. One of the UK's coastal weather stations is located at Bridlington.
Bridlington is a seaside resort and minor fishing port on the Holderness Coast of the North Sea. It is an area which is said to have the highest coastal erosion rate in Europe.
Southward the coast becomes low, but northward it is steep and very fine, where the great spur of Flamborough Head projects eastward. The sea front is protected by a sea wall and a wide beach encouraged by wooden groynes which trap the sand. The beaches are part of a large deposit of smithic sand which stretches out into the bay in sand banks which are an important habitat for many marine species.
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Brighouse
Coordinates: 53°42′25″N 1°47′38″W / 53.707°N 1.794°W / 53.707; -1.794
Brighouse (pronounced Brig-ouse, the h being silent) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the River Calder, 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Halifax in the Pennines. It is served by Junction 25 of the M62 motorway and Brighouse railway station on the Caldervale Line and Huddersfield Line. In the town centre is a mooring basin on the Calder and Hebble Navigation. The United Kingdom Census 2001 gave the Brighouse / Rastrick subdivison of the West Yorkshire Urban Area a population of 32,360.
The name Brighouse (or "Bridge House") originates from a building on (or close to) the bridge over the River Calder. In its early history, it was a hamlet of the nearby village of Rastrick.
Brighouse is twinned with Lüdenscheid in Germany, the link beginning with an exchange by Brighouse Children's Theatre in 1950 followed by a civic twinning charter in 1960.
There was a river crossing called Snake Hill Ford across the Calder – believed to have formed part of the Roman route between Wakefield and Manchester. A wooden structure called Rastrick Bridge was recorded in 1275. The bridge was replaced by another built with timber donated by John Hanson in 1514. Hanson's son funded a stone replacement for this bridge in 1558. The river provided power for the flour milling industry and the textile mills. Brighouse's industry received a boost through the construction of the Calder and Hebble Navigation, started in 1757 by the engineer John Smeaton.
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Bristol
Bristoli/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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Brno
Brno (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbr̩no] (
listen); German: Brünn; Latin: Bruna; Yiddish: ברין Brin) by population and area is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region where it forms a separate district Brno-City District. The city lies at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers and has about 400,000 residents, its greater metropolitan area is regularly home to more than 800,000 people while its larger urban zone had population about 730,000 in 2004.
Brno is the capital of judicial authority of the Czech republic because it is the seat of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the Supreme Prosecutor's Office. Beside that, the city is a significant administrative centre. It is the seat of a number of state authorities like Ombudsman, Office for the Protection of Competition and the Czech Agriculture and Food Inspection Authority. Brno is also an important centre of higher education, with 33 faculties of 13 institutes of higher learning and about 89,000 students. There is also a studio of Czech Television and the Czech Radio, in both cases by law. The city is also home to Brno Television, a small local television station.
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Calderdale
The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, through which the upper part of the River Calder flows, and from which it takes its name. There are also some small river valleys that contain tributaries of the River Calder.
Calderdale is made up of the amalgamation of six former local government districts, spanning (from east to west), the towns of Brighouse, Elland, Halifax, Sowerby Bridge, Hebden Bridge and Todmorden.
Halifax acts as the borough's main commercial, cultural and administrative centre, with numerous high street chain stores, markets, central library, borough council offices, public transport hub, central police station and the further and higher education college, as well as other major local organisations.
The borough covers part of the South Pennines and is the southern-most of the Yorkshire Dales. However, not being part of the Yorkshire Dales national park, Calderdale is generally less well known than its neighbours to the north.
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Capital Yorkshire
Capital Yorkshire is an Independent Local Radio station owned by Global Radio as part of the nine-station Capital radio network which specialises in mainstream music. It is based at Josephs Well near Park Lane in Leeds, West Yorkshire.
The licence held makes Capital Yorkshire the largest regional British radio station outside of London.
There are two advertising sub-regions, known as for East Yorkshire and South & West Yorkshire, which air localised commercials.
Capital Yorkshire broadcasts on 105.8 MHz FM at a power of 9.6 kW from High Hunsley, which covers East Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire and on 105.1 MHz FM at a power of 2.4 kW from Emley Moor, which covers West Yorkshire. It also has two filler transmitters, both on 105.6 MHz FM, one from Idle at 0.5 kW which covers Bradford and the other from Tapton Hill at 0.24 kW covering Sheffield.
Although only supposed to cover Yorkshire, Capital FM Yorkshire covers a much larger area and can be heard as far as Derbyshire, South Lincolnshire and even Manchester.
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Cardiff
Cardiff (i/ˈkɑrdɪf/; Welsh: Caerdydd (info) Welsh pronunciation: [kairˈdiːð, kaˑɨrˈdɨːð]) is the capital and largest city in Wales and the 10th largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. The unitary authority area's mid 2010 population was estimated to be 341,054, while the population of the Larger Urban Zone was estimated at 861,400 in 2009. Cardiff is a significant tourism centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked 6th in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.
The city of Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan (and later South Glamorgan). Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities. The Cardiff Urban Area covers a slightly larger area outside of the county boundary, and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city.
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Castleford
Coordinates: 53°42′58″N 1°21′22″W / 53.716°N 1.356°W / 53.716; -1.356
Castleford is the largest of the "five towns" district in the metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England. It is near Pontefract, and has a population of 37,525 according to the 2001 Census, but has seen a rise in recent years and is now around 45,000-50,000. To the north the River Calder joins the River Aire and the Aire and Calder Navigation canal. To the west and south is the M62 motorway. The town is home to the rugby league Super League team Castleford Tigers.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Castleford and its surroundings have provided archaeological evidence of Roman activity.
Castleford is built on the site of a Roman army settlement that was named Lagentium or Legioleum. Funeral urns dating from the time of the Romans have been found there. The town's modern name is derived from the fort, Castle (referring to the fort) and Ford (a low crossing point through a river).
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Chapel Allerton
Coordinates: 53°50′09″N 1°32′24″W / 53.835888°N 1.540071°W / 53.835888; -1.540071
Chapel Allerton is an inner suburb of north-east Leeds, 2 miles (3.2 km) from the city centre, West Yorkshire, England. The Chapel Allerton electoral ward includes areas otherwise referred to as Chapeltown and Potternewton - the suburb is generally considered to be only the northern part of this. The ward population was estimated at 18,206 in the 2001 census.
The region within the ward generally considered to be Chapel Allerton is bounded by Potternewton Lane to the south, Scott Hall Road to the west, and Gledhow Valley Road to the north-west.
Surrounding districts include Moortown, Meanwood, Roundhay, Gledhow and Chapeltown. Chapel Allerton is situated on Harrogate Road, which prior to the building of the A61 Scott Hall Road, was the main road from Leeds to Harrogate. The centre in terms of activity is Stainbeck Corner, at the junction of Stainbeck Lane, Harrogate Road and Town Street.
There was a village referred to as Alreton (meaning Alder farm) in the Domesday Book, then in 1240 a charter referred to land "which lies between the road which goes to the Chapel of Allerton and the bounds of Stainbeck". The chapel was associated with Kirkstall Abbey and was demolished in the 18th century: however the site remains between Harrogate Road and Church Street. From this time the terms "Chapel Allerton" and "Chapeltown" became essentially interchangeable.Ralph Thoresby, writing in 1715, records Chapel-Town as a common name for the township of Chapel Allerton, describing it as "well situated in pure Air, upon a pleasant Ascent, which affords a Prospect of the Country ten or twelve miles". The open space to its east and north of Potter-Newton was "a delicate Green commonly call'd Chapel-Town Moor"."
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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City of Bradford
The City of Bradfordi/ˈbrædfəd/ is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. It is named after its largest settlement, Bradford, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Keighley, Shipley, Bingley, Ilkley, Haworth, Silsden and Denholme. Bradford has a population of 501,700, making it the fourth-most populous metropolitan district and the sixth-most populous local authority district in England. It forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and the city is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), which, with a population of 2,393,300, is the third largest in the United Kingdom after London and Manchester.
The city is situated on the edge of the Pennines, and is bounded to the east by the City of Leeds, the south east by the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees and the south west by the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale. The Pendle borough of Lancashire lies to the west, whilst the Craven and Harrogate boroughs of North Yorkshire lie to the north west and north east of the city. Bradford, the urban core, is the 11th largest settlement in England, and the contiguous urban area to the north which includes the towns of Shipley and Bingley is heavily populated. The spa town of Ilkley lies further north, whilst the town of Keighley lies to the west. Roughly two thirds of the district is rural, with an environment varying from moorlands in the north and west, to valleys and floodplains formed by the river systems that flow throughout the district. More than half of Bradford’s land is green open space, stretching over part of the Airedale and Wharfedale Valleys, across the hills and the Pennine moorland between. The Yorkshire Dales and the Peak District are both in close proximity.
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City of Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 The City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, governed by Leeds City Council, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. The metropolitan district includes Leeds and the towns of Farsley, Garforth, Guiseley, Horsforth, Morley, Otley, Pudsey, Rothwell, Wetherby and Yeadon. It has a population of 798,800 (2010 est.) and is the second largest local government district in England by population; and the second largest metropolitan district by area.
The current city boundaries were set on 1 April 1974 by the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, as part a reform of local government in England. The city is a merger of eleven former local government districts; the unitary City and County Borough of Leeds combined with the municipal boroughs of Morley and Pudsey, the urban districts of Aireborough, Garforth, Horsforth, Otley and Rothwell, and parts of the rural districts of Tadcaster, Wharfedale and Wetherby from the West Riding of Yorkshire.
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City of Wakefield
Coordinates: 53°40′59″N 1°29′56″W / 53.683°N 1.499°W / 53.683; -1.499
The City of Wakefield (
/ˈweɪkfiːld/) is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. Wakefield is the district's administrative centre. The district includes the "Five Towns" of Normanton, Pontefract, Featherstone, Castleford and Knottingley. Other towns include Ossett, Hemsworth, South Kirkby & Moorthorpe and South Elmsall. Wakefield lies between Leeds and Sheffield and is ranked as the 89th largest city in the European Union. In 2010, Wakefield was named as the UK's third 'most musical' City by PRS for Music.
In recent years, the economic and physical condition of several of the former mining towns and villages in Wakefield District have started to improve due to the booming economy of Leeds - and an increase in numbers of commuters to the city from the sub-region - and a recognition of undeveloped assets. For instance Castleford, to the North East of Wakefield is seeing extensive development and investment because of the natural asset of its outlook on to the River Aire, its easy access to the national motorway network and the availability of former mining land for house-building. In Ossett, house prices have risen from an average of £50,000 in 1998 to £130,000 in 2003.
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Cleckheaton
Coordinates: 53°43′30″N 1°43′08″W / 53.725°N 1.719°W / 53.725; -1.719
Cleckheaton is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England, situated south of Bradford, east of Brighouse, west of Batley and south-west of Leeds. It is at the centre of the Spen Valley and was the major town in the former borough of Spenborough.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Cleckheaton has a history as a mill town, like much of West Yorkshire, although this industry has now all but vanished.
Like much of England, the Spen Valley was once heavily wooded. Human habitation began thousands of years ago and Mesolithic and Neolithic remains have been found in various places. Roman remains have been found in the valley and it is thought that the roads from York to Chester, and from settlements in Halifax and Wakefield, ran through Cleckheaton and the junction gave rise to a staging post.
Cleckheaton was included in the ancient parish of Birstall. A chapel-of-ease, known as the White Chapel (later Whitechapel) was established in the area.
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Colombo
Colombo (Sinhala: කොළඹ, pronounced [ˈkoləmbə]; Tamil: கொழும்பு) is the largest city of Sri Lanka. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, the capital of Sri Lanka. Colombo is often referred to as the capital of the country, since Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte is a satellite city of Colombo. Colombo is a busy and vibrant city with a mixture of modern life and colonial buildings and ruins and a population of 647,100. The Colombo Metropolitan Region, defined by the districts of Colombo, Gampaha and Kalutara, has an estimated population of 5,648,000, and covers an area of 3,694.20 km². As per the Provincial Gross Domestic Product-2010, The Western Province, which includes the cities of Colombo, Gampaha and Kalutara recorded GDP per capita of USD 3,808, the highest recorded GDP per capita for any region in South Asia. It was formerly the political capital of Sri Lanka, before Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte.
Due to its large harbour and its strategic position along the East-West sea trade routes, Colombo was known to ancient traders 2,000 years ago. It was made the capital of the island when Sri Lanka was ceded to the British Empire in 1815, and its status as capital was retained when the nation became independent in 1948. In 1978, when administrative functions were moved to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Colombo was designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka.
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Cookridge
Cookridge is a suburb of north-west Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is a mixture of suburban, twentieth-century private housing and a very small amount of council housing bordering Tinshill. It is in the Adel and Wharfedale ward of City of Leeds metropolitan district, and the Leeds North West parliamentary constituency. Before 2004 there was a Cookridge ward; it was proposed that the present ward be called Cookridge and Wharfedale, but this was rejected and parts of the Cookridge ward were moved to other wards. The southern part of the former Cookridge ward is Tinshill, and there is some crossover with names of institutions.
Nearby places include Adel, Holt Park, Tinshill, Horsforth, Bramhope, Moor Grange and Ireland Wood.
In 1715 Ralph Thoresby described it as a village four miles from Leeds and three from Otley, dating from 1540 and once part of the possessions of Kirkstall Abbey. Thoresby noted traces of a Roman road and the interesting paths which had been created in the adjacent Moseley Wood.
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Coventry
Coventry (i/ˈkɒvəntri/) is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although Stoke-on-Trent, Leicester and Nottingham have larger urban areas. The population of Coventry had risen to 315,800 as of 2010, according to the Office of National Statistics.
Historically within Warwickshire, Coventry is situated 95 miles (153 km) northwest of central London and 19 miles (31 km) east-southeast of Birmingham, and is further from the coast than any other city in Britain. Although harbouring a population of almost a third of a million inhabitants, Coventry is not amongst the English Core Cities Group due to its proximity to Birmingham.
Coventry was the world's first twin city when it formed a twinning relationship with the Russian city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) during World War II. The relationship developed through ordinary people in Coventry who wanted to show their support for the Soviet Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. The city is now also twinned with Dresden, Lidice and 23 other cities around the world.
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Cross Gates
Coordinates: 53°48′23″N 1°27′02″W / 53.806346°N 1.450575°W / 53.806346; -1.450575
Cross Gates (also spelt as Crossgates) is a large suburb in east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Seacroft and Swarcliffe to the north, Whitkirk and Colton to the south, Killingbeck to the west and Austhorpe to the south east. Manston and Pendas Fields are generally regarded as part of Cross Gates.
The suburb is 4 mi (6 km) to the east of Leeds city centre and lies in the LS15 Leeds postcode area. Cross Gates is popular with local shoppers as an alternative to Leeds city centre as it contains its own shopping centre - the Cross Gates Arndale Centre now known as the Crossgates Shopping Centre - complete with branches of some major High Street traders, in addition to many more independent shops and local library services.
Cross Gates means "crossroads" from Old English cros "cross" (as in Crossens) and Old Norse gata "street, gait" (not 'gate'). The name was recorded as Crosget in 1129. Cross Gates was originally part of Austhorpe, as were Colton and Barrowby, which is indicated through various streets in Cross Gates beginning with "Austhorpe".
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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (i/ˈtʃɛk/ CHEK;Czech: Česká republika, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka] (
listen), short form Česko Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskɔ]) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the north, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. Its capital and largest city, with 1.3 million inhabitants, is Prague.
It is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy, a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group.
The Czech state, formerly known as Bohemia, was formed in the late 9th century as a small duchy around Prague, at that time under dominance of the powerful Great Moravian Empire (which reached its greatest territorial extent during the reign of Svatopluk I from the House of Mojmír). After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power was transferred from Moravia to Bohemia, under the Přemyslids. During the rule of Přemyslid dukes/kings and their successors, the Luxembourgs, the country reached its greatest territorial extent (13th–14th century). Life in the country was significantly affected by the Hussite wars, during which it faced economic embargo and crusades from all over Europe. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy as one of its three principal parts alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Bohemian Revolt (1618–20) led to the further centralization of the monarchy including forced recatholization and Germanization. During radical reforms in the 18th century the Bohemian Crown was even de facto abolished (1749). In the 19th century the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia which was formed in 1918, following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire after World War I.
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Denholme
Coordinates: 53°48′07″N 1°53′38″W / 53.802°N 1.894°W / 53.802; -1.894
Denholme is a small town and civil parish in the Bradford Metropolitan Borough, West Yorkshire, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) west of Bradford, 7 miles (11 km) from Keighley and roughly the same distance from Halifax. Administratively, it is part of the Bingley Rural ward of the City of Bradford. Denholme has a population of 2,976.
The name Denholme is probably of Viking origin, translating to "A flat amongst the hillside". This is a good description of the village's geographical setting, since it is located in a broad side valley extending southwards from that of the River Aire - the Aire Valley or Airedale. Denholme is also on the eastern flank of the Pennines, commonly known as the "backbone of England", about midway along their length.
The village sits astride the old Roman Road from Manchester (Mamucium) to Ilkley (Olicana) though there is no evidence of any settlement then. The line of the road is visible on the ground to the south of the village, not far from St Paul's church.
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Derby
Derby (i/ˈdɑːbi/ DAR-bi), is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands region of England. It lies upon the banks of the River Derwent and is located in the south of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. In the 2001 census, the population of the city was 233,700, whilst that of the Derby Urban Area was 229,407. According to the 2001 census, Derby was at that time the 18th largest settlement in England, measured by urban area.
The city has Roman, Saxon and Viking origins.
The Roman camp of 'Derventio' was probably at Little Chester/Chester Green (grid reference SK353375); The site of the old Roman fort is at Chester Green. Later the town was one of the 'Five Boroughs' (fortified towns) of the Danelaw.
Djúra-bý, recorded in Anglo-Saxon as Deoraby "Village of the Deer". This popular belief is asserted by Tim Lambert who states, "The name Derby is derived from the Danish words deor by meaning deer settlement" without reference or proof. However some[who?] assert that it is a corruption of the original Roman name 'Derventio'. The proven origin of the name "Derby" would seem to be elusive.
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Dewsbury
Coordinates: 53°41′28″N 1°37′59″W / 53.691°N 1.633°W / 53.691; -1.633
Dewsbury (/ˈdjuːzbəri/) is a minster town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England. It is to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds. It lies by the River Calder and an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town, Dewsbury went through a period of decline. More recently there has been redevelopment of derelict mills into flats, and regenerating of run-down areas.
According to the 2001 census the Dewsbury urban sub-area had a population of 54,341. Dewsbury is the largest town in the Heavy Woollen District, a conurbation of small mill towns.
The Domesday Book of 1086 records the name as Deusberia and Deusberie. It is believed to mean "fortified place by a stream", from Old English deaw "dew" (stream) and burg "fort". Other suggestions include the Burg of David, from the old pre-Norman-Conquest British Gaelic for David, being Deu, similar to the Welsh form, Dai. There are other theories on the name's origins such as a Mercian name, after the founder of a fortified settlement, named Dui, Dew or Deus--"beria" meaning fort or stronghold. # "God's Hill", from the old British word "Duw", meaning God (cf Latin "Deus"), and "burg", meaning a hill [1] [2] or "Tiu's Hill", derived from the Germanic god Tiu from the same Indo-European origin.
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Dudley
Coordinates: 52°30′43″N 2°05′45″W / 52.5119°N 2.0957°W / 52.5119; -2.0957
Dudley (i/ˈdʌdli/ DUD-lee) is a large town in the West Midlands county of England, and the administrative centre of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. At the 2001 census (according to the Office of National Statistics), the Dudley Urban Sub Area had a population of 194,919, making it the one of the largest settlements in England, the second largest town in the United Kingdom behind Reading, and the largest settlement in the UK without its own university.
Dudley is part of the West Midlands conurbation, and is located south of the city of Wolverhampton. It is the largest town in the Black Country region of England, and for many years the town (but not the castle, which was classed as part of Staffordshire) formed part of an exclave of the county of Worcestershire. Despite the more recent changes in county borders, the town still remains part of the Anglican Diocese of Worcester.
Dudley unsuccessfully bid to receive city status in 2012, losing out to Chelmsford, Perth and St. Asaph.
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Durban
Durban (Zulu: eThekwini, from itheku meaning 'bay / lagoon') is the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal and the third largest city in South Africa. It forms part of the eThekwini metropolitan municipality. Durban is famous for being the busiest port in South Africa. It is also seen as one of the major centres of tourism because of the city's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches. The municipality, which includes neighbouring towns, has a population of almost 3.5 million, making the combined municipality the biggest city on the east coast of the African continent. The metropolitan land area of 2,292 square kilometres (885 sq mi) is comparatively larger than other South African cities, resulting in a somewhat lower population density of 1,513 /km2 (3,920 /sq mi).
Archaeological evidence from the Drakensberg mountains suggests that the Durban area has been inhabited by communities of hunter-gatherers since 100,000 BC. These people lived throughout the area of present day KwaZulu-Natal until the expansion of Bantu farmers and pastoralists from the north saw their gradual displacement,incorporation or extermination.
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East Leeds FM
East Leeds FM (ELFM) is a community radio station based in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The station started in 2003 when Heads Together, a Huddersfield based community arts organisation, joined forces with local ease Leeds high school John Smeaton. The two organisations had worked together previously on a number of projects. When the idea of a radio station was tabled, pupils, teachers and Heads Together staff agreed to create one.
Very quickly it was extended to young people from primary and high schools all round East Leeds, and interested adults; it is listened to by people of all ages. The station covers the broadcasting of Garforth Arts Festival.
Coordinates: 53°49′38″N 1°28′8″W / 53.82722°N 1.46889°W / 53.82722; -1.46889
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Edinburgh
Edinburgh (i/ˈɛdɪnbʌrə/ ED-in-burr-ə; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and the seat of the Scottish Parliament. It is the second largest city in Scotland and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a 30 square miles (78 km2) rural area. Located in the south-east of Scotland, Edinburgh lies on the east coast of the Central Belt, along the Firth of Forth, near the North Sea.
The city was one of the historical major centres of the Enlightenment, led by the University of Edinburgh, helping to earn it the nickname Athens of the North. The Old Town and New Town districts of Edinburgh were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 in recognition of the unique character of the Medieval Old Town and the planned Georgian New Town. It covers both the Old and New Towns together with the Dean Village and the Calton Hill areas. There are over 4,500 listed buildings within the city. In May 2010, it had a total of 40 conservation areas covering 23% of the building stock and 23% of the population, the highest such ratios of any major city in the UK. In the 2011 mid-year population estimates, Edinburgh had a total resident population of 495,360.
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Elland
Coordinates: 53°40′59″N 1°50′24″W / 53.683°N 1.840°W / 53.683; -1.840
Elland is a market town in Calderdale, in the county of West Yorkshire, England, south of Halifax, by the River Calder and the Calder and Hebble Navigation. The area of Elland was called Elant in the Domesday Book. The town's name is derived from Old English meaning 'land by the water, river or land partly or wholly surrounded by water'. It had a population in United Kingdom Census 2001 of 14,554.
Mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book as Elant, Elland was a centre of wool production. The decline of the woollen industry had a significant effect on the town, with many of the mills having been demolished or converted to residence.
Elland is one of the relatively few cases retaining continuity of tenure from before the Norman Conquest into the Middle Ages, as the Elland family were, in origin, Anglo-Saxon thegns. The Manor of Elland, with Greetland and Southowram, forms an island of the Honour of Pontefract in the surrounding Manor of Wakefield. In 1350 Sir John de Eland was murdered, as was his son in the following year, which extinguished the family in the male line and the Manor of Elland passed into the hands of the Savile family. From this period, the manor house ceased to be the principal dwelling of a gentry family, as the Saviles had their seat at the moated manor of Thornhill. Elland manor house was therefore never completely reconstructed and, when it was dismantled and excavated in 1975 by the West Yorkshire Archaeology Unit, it was found to incorporate a 13th century solar wing – one of the earliest secular buildings in the county. The manor house stood on a knoll aligned with the bridge over the River Calder and was destroyed during the construction of Calderdale Way bypass. The farm buildings, however, survive.
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Elmet
Elmet was an independent Brythonic kingdom covering a broad area of what later became the West Riding of Yorkshire during the Early Middle Ages, between approximately the 5th century and early 7th century. Although its precise boundaries are unclear, it appears to have been bordered by the River Sheaf in the south and the River Wharfe in the east. It adjoined Deira to the north and Mercia to the south, and its western boundary appears to have been near Craven, which was possibly a minor British kingdom. As such it was well to the east of other territories of the Britons in Wales and the West Country (i.e. Cornwall and Dumnonia), and to the south of those in the Hen Ogledd or Old North. As one of the southeasternmost Brythonic regions for which there is reasonably substantial evidence, it is notable for having survived relatively late in the period of Anglo-Saxon conquest.
Elmet was invaded and conquered by Northumbria in the autumn of 616 or 626. The kingdom is chiefly attested in topographical and archaeological evidence, references in early Welsh poetry, and historical sources such as the Historia Brittonum and Bede. The name survives throughout the area in place names such as Barwick-in-Elmet and Sherburn-in-Elmet. A local parliamentary constituency is also called Elmet.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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European Parliament
The European Parliament (abbreviated as Europarl or the EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU). Together with the Council of the European Union (the Council) and the European Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world. The Parliament is currently composed of 754 Members of the European Parliament, who represent the second largest democratic electorate in the world (after the Parliament of India) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
It has been directly elected every five years by universal suffrage since 1979. However, turnout at European Parliament elections has fallen consecutively at each election since that date, and has been under 50% since 1999. Turnout in 2009 stood at 43% of all European voters, ranging from 90% in Luxembourg and Belgium (where compulsory voting is used) to 20% in Slovakia. Turnout was under 50% in 18 out of 27 member states.
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Farsley
Coordinates: 53°48′42″N 1°40′18″W / 53.8116°N 1.6718°W / 53.8116; -1.6718
Farsley is an area in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, West Yorkshire, England 6 miles (9 km) to the west of Leeds city centre, and 4 miles (6 km) east of Bradford. Farsley could be considered a commuter town as it is situated between the two cities. It was formerly in the municipal borough of nearby Pudsey.
It is mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book as Fersellei also as Ferselleia. During the industrial revolution Farsley was a centre for wool processing as there were a number of mills in the area.
Farsley is just off the main road between Leeds and Bradford and just off the A6110 Leeds outer ring road. New Pudsey railway station is between Farsley and Pudsey providing train services towards Leeds, Bradford, Manchester Victoria and Blackpool. This station was the subject of a Monty Python sketch about a Pink Blancmange.
Most of Farsley's amenities are situated on or around Town Street. There is a Co-operative Group convenience store, a post office, bookmakers, several independent retailers as well as four pubs and a wine bar. Throstle Nest football ground also has facilities open to the general public. The only form of public transport in Farsley is bus, bus services are available to Leeds city centre, Pudsey, Horsforth and Bradford. There are also several junior schools in Farsley, as well as further schools in neighbouring Pudsey. Nearby Pudsey offers a wider range of amenities, which many Farsley residents take advantage of. The nearest large supermarket is Asda at the Owlcotes Centre in Stanningley, there is also a Marks and Spencers. There are now only 4 of the previous 11 pubs left in the town. 'The Fleece' at the bottom of Town Street was the second pub purchased by Joshua Tetley's & Son the Leeds Brewer, and the first outside of the brewer's grounds.
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Featherstone
Coordinates: 53°42′N 1°22′W / 53.70°N 1.37°W / 53.70; -1.37
Featherstone is a town and civil parish in the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England. It lies less than two miles south-west of Pontefract and in 2001 had a population of 14,175, although after recent housing development the population is thought to be closer to 20-25,000.
Featherstone railway station is on the Pontefract Line.
In 1848, the opening of the Wakefield, Pontefract and Goole railway line through Featherstone, provided the basis for large scale coal mining in Featherstone, by opening up new markets in the South of England and Europe. Coal had been mined at Featherstone since the 13th century and remains of bell pits can still be seen to the north of Park Lane at North Featherstone.
Like many surrounding areas, Featherstone grew around coal mining, and was the site of a miners' strike in 1893. During the strike the town came to national attention when soldiers fired on striking miners, killing two. A distinctive sculpture marking the centenary of the Featherstone Massacre stands in the shopping precinct and a large mural depicting the town's heritage can be seen at the town's main crossroads. Ackton Hall Colliery was the first pit to close following the end of the miners' strike and this could not be contested as geological difficulties had made it impossible for the pit to continue production.
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Filey
Coordinates: 54°12′36″N 0°17′21″W / 54.2101°N 0.2893°W / 54.2101; -0.2893
Filey is a small town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It forms part of the borough of Scarborough and is located between Scarborough and Bridlington on the North Sea coast. Although it started out as a fishing village, it has a large beach and is a popular tourist resort. Until 1974 it was an urban district in the East Riding of Yorkshire.
According to the 2001 UK census, Filey parish had a population of 6,819.
Filey is at the eastern end of the Cleveland Way a long-distance footpath; this starts at Helmsley and skirts the North York Moors. It was the second National Trail to be opened (1969). It is also the northern end of the Yorkshire Wolds Way National Trail which starts at Hessle and crosses the Yorkshire Wolds. Filey is the finishing point for Great Yorkshire Bike Ride. The 70-mile (110 km) ride begins at Wetherby Racecourse.
Filey has a railway station on the Yorkshire Coast Line. Previously Filey also had a second station Filey Holiday Camp railway station to the south of the town serving the former Butlins holiday camp. This camp has now been re-developed into a 600-home holiday housing development, The Bay Filey. It is one of the largest coastal developments of this kind in the UK and the first homes began to be handed over to buyers in 2007.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Garforth
Coordinates: 53°47′31″N 1°23′17″W / 53.792°N 1.388°W / 53.792; -1.388
See also People named Garforth.
Garforth is a town within the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, in West Yorkshire, England. The 2001 Census lists 23,892 residents in the Garforth and Swillington ward: 80.57% of whom are homeowners, 20% more than the average for Leeds. Garforth itself has 15,394 of those people. Garforth was in the parliamentary constituency of Elmet until the 2010 general election, when it was incorporated into the new constituency of Elmet and Rothwell.
It owes its size to expansion in the 17th and 18th centuries during which the local land-owning Gascoigne family ran several coalmines in the area. The surrounding settlements of Micklefield, Kippax, Swillington, Methley and Allerton Bywater are all villages that prospered and grew as a result of the coal industry. Nowadays manufacturing and motor-vehicle repair account for more than a third of the workforce in the area[citation needed]
More recent expansion can also be traced to a combination of overall economic success in Leeds, and the fact that Garforth is well served by transport links. The A1 and M1 are minutes away, and both have recently been linked by an extension of the M1 which passes to the West and North of the town, with two nearby access points at Junctions 46 and 47. The M1 extension has led to rapid development of commercial, light industrial and residential sites clustered around Junctions 46 and 47. There are two railway stations, Garforth and East Garforth, both on the mainline route between Leeds, York, and North Eastern England to Scotland, and between Leeds, Selby and Hull and the Yorkshire coastal resorts. Effectively, people can commute to or visit a wide variety of destinations quite easily and still live in a self-contained township surrounded by open countryside, woodlands and rural villages.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Gipton
Coordinates: 53°48′33″N 1°29′38″W / 53.8093°N 1.4940°W / 53.8093; -1.4940
Gipton is a suburb of East Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, between the A58 to the north and the A64 to the south. It is joined with Harehills (adjacent to the west) as a City Council Ward. Note that Gipton Wood is an area north of the A58 in the Roundhay Ward.
The 1817 village was somewhat west of the location now called Gipton, featuring the Gipton Spa or bathhouse in what is now Gledhow Valley Woods.
Gipton derives from Old English: the first element is a personal name: in this case, it is Gippa (same as in Ipswich, although almost certainly not the same man) and tun "village, settlement, farm" (here, it refers to a village). The town's name was recorded as Cepetun, suggesting village with a market, suggesting a trading-town, or residence of the traders, as with Market Weighton. The first element of the name in the Domesday Book record wrongly suggests Old English ceap "market, trading-place", but it was a corruption of the personal name, Gippa. However, a record from 1018 as Gipentune[citation needed] proves that the first element is a personal name. The name Coldcotes which prefixes many of the areas street names comes from 'cold cottages'.
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Glasgow
Coordinates: 55°51′29″N 4°15′32″W / 55.858°N 4.259°W / 55.858; -4.259
Glasgow (i/ˈɡlɑːzɡəʊ/, locally /ˈɡlazɡo/, GLAZ-goh; Scots: Glesga listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu ([ˈkɫ̪as̪əxu] listen (help·info))) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.
Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become one of the largest seaports in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. From the 18th century the city also grew as one of Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with British North America and the British West Indies. With the Industrial Revolution, the city and surrounding region shifted to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of heavy engineering, most notably in shipbuilding and marine engineering industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was known as the "Second City of the British Empire" for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period. Today it is one of Europe's top ten financial centres and is home to many of Scotland's leading businesses. Glasgow is also ranked as the 57th most liveable city in the world.
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Goole
Coordinates: 53°41′57″N 0°52′09″W / 53.699217°N 0.869171°W / 53.699217; -0.869171
Goole is a town, civil parish and port located approximately 45 miles (72 km) inland on the confluence of the rivers Don and Ouse in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The port is "highly versatile", and is capable of handling nearly 3 million tonnes of cargo per annum, making it one of the most important ports on the east coast of England.
Goole is twinned with Złotów, Poland, (and was twinned with Rostock, East Germany in 1969 although this seems to have lapsed). Goole was informally twinned with Gibraltar in the 1960s; at that time, Gibraltar Court was named in Goole and Goole Court was named in Gibraltar.
The Dutch civil engineer Cornelius Vermuyden diverted the River Don northwards to the River Ouse in 1626-1629 to drain the marshland of Hatfield Chase at the behest of King Charles I. This also made the lower Don navigable for small barges so that coal from the South Yorkshire Coalfields could be transported to "Goole" at the new mouth of the Don (or "Dutch River") for transfer to seagoing vessels.
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Grand Theatre Leeds
The Grand Theatre (also known as Leeds Grand Theatre and Leeds Grand Theatre and Opera House) is a theatre and Opera house in the centre of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It was designed by James Robinson Watson, chief assistant in the office of Leeds-based architect George Corson, and opened on 18 November 1878. The exterior is in a mixture of Romanesque and Scottish baronial styles, while the interior has such Gothic motifs as fan-vaulting and clustered columns. The theatre is a Grade II* listed building. It seats approximately 1,500 people.
The theatre is home to Opera North and is regularly visited by Northern Ballet Theatre. It has hosted many touring productions, musical artists and comedians.
The theatre closed at the end of May 2005 for a major refurbishment, entitled transformation, and re-opened on 7 October 2006 with a production of Verdi's Rigoletto. The Stalls area was completely re-seated and re-raked, the orchestra-pit enlarged, air-conditioning installed, backstage technical facilities dramatically improved, and Opera North now has an Opera Centre to the south of the theatre, accessible via a bridge and at street-level. The Centre includes two new stage-sized rehearsal spaces and increased office space. The cost of the refurbishment has been estimated at £31.5m.
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Guiseley
Coordinates: 53°52′30″N 1°42′22″W / 53.875°N 1.706°W / 53.875; -1.706
Guiseley is a small town in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. Situated south of Otley and Menston, it is a suburb of north west Leeds. At the 2001 census, Guiseley together with Rawdon had a population of over 21,000. The A65, which passes through the town, is the main shopping street. Guiseley railway station has regular train service into Leeds and Ilkley.
The settlement predates the Domesday Book. Its name is of Saxon origin. It was named "Gisele" in the Domesday Book, much of the Aire valley was once wooded and "ley" means a clearing in the woodland. Guiseley's church dedicated to St Oswald was the centre of a large parish that included many surrounding villages. It used by generations of the Longfellow family. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's grandfather left here for the New World in the 18th century. The rector of St Oswald's for several decades was Rev. Robert More, who died in 1642. He was the father-in-law of the English explorer, Captain Christopher Levett. Patrick Brontë and Maria Branwell were married at St Oswald's and became the parents of six children, including Anne, Charlotte and Emily Brontë.
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Hangzhou
Hangzhou (Chinese: 杭州; Hangzhou dialect: ɦaŋ tsei; Mandarin pinyin: Hángzhōu Mandarin pronunciation: [xɑ̌ŋtʂóʊ] ( listen)), formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. It is governed as a sub-provincial city. As of 2010, the entire administrative division ("shì", 杭州市) or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people. The built up area of the Hangzhou municipality had a resident population of 6.242 million in 2010 (urban and suburban districts), of which 3.56 million lived in the six urban core districts.
A core city of the Yangtze River Delta, Hangzhou has a position on the Hangzhou Bay 180 kilometres (110 mi) southwest of Shanghai that gives it economic power. It has been one of the most renowned and prosperous cities of China for much of the last 1,000 years, due in part to its beautiful natural scenery. The city's West Lake is its best-known attraction.
The celebrated Neolithic culture of Hemudu inhabited Yuyao, an area (now a city) 100 kilometers south-east of Hangzhou, as far back as seven thousand years ago when rice was first cultivated in southeastern China. The area immediately surrounding the modern city of Hangzhou was inhabited five thousand years ago by the Liangzhu culture, so named for the small town of Liangzhu not far to the northwest of Hangzhou where the ancient jade carving civilization was first discovered.
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Harehills
Coordinates: 53°48′24″N 1°30′19″W / 53.8066°N 1.5053°W / 53.8066; -1.5053
Harehills is an inner-city area of east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north east of Leeds city centre. Harehills is situated between the A58 (towards Wetherby) and the A64 (towards York).
It is situated between Burmantofts and Gipton, and adjacent to Chapeltown. As the name suggests it is a hill area, basically a south-facing slope, with many streets of terraced houses on hills. In the middle is Banstead Park, a grassy slope with trees and play areas, giving a view over the city of Leeds. Banstead Park was home to rioting in 2001. Along with neighbouring Chapeltown, Harehills has suffered from rioting and sporadic unrest. However, there have been no notable incidents of unrest in Harehills since 2001.
The cheaper housing has made it attractive to immigrants, with the result that it has a considerable cultural and ethnic mixture. There are two main shopping streets, Harehills Lane and Harehills Road which join at the junction of Roundhay Road (A58 road) leading to Oakwood. Also, heading 0.6 miles (1 km) up Harehills Lane towards the A64 York Road at the junction with Compton Road, is Harehills's other main shopping area.
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Harrogate
Coordinates: 53°59′28″N 1°32′20″W / 53.991°N 1.539°W / 53.991; -1.539
Harrogate is a spa town in North Yorkshire, England. The town is a tourist destination and its visitor attractions include its spa waters, RHS Harlow Carr gardens, and Bettys Tea Rooms. From the town one can explore the nearby Yorkshire Dales national park. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Harrogate grew out of two existing smaller settlements, High Harrogate and Low Harrogate, in the 17th century.
Harrogate spa water contains iron, sulphur and common salt. The town became known as 'The English Spa' in the Georgian Era, after its waters were first discovered in the 16th century. In the 17th and 18th centuries especially, these 'chalybeate' waters (i.e. containing iron) were a popular health treatment, and the influx of wealthy but sickly visitors contributed significantly to the wealth of the town.
Harrogate railway station and Harrogate bus station in the town centre provide transport connections. Leeds Bradford International Airport is 10 miles (16 km) south west of Harrogate. The main road through the town is the A61, connecting Harrogate to Leeds and Ripon. Harrogate is also connected to Wetherby and the A1, by the A661. The town of Harrogate on its own had a population of 71,594 at the 2001 UK census; the urban area comprising Harrogate and nearby Knaresborough had a population of 85,128, while the figure for the much wider Borough of Harrogate, comprising Harrogate, Knaresborough, Ripon and a large rural area, was 151,339.
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Headingley Stadium
Headingley Stadium is a sporting complex in the Leeds suburb of Headingley in West Yorkshire, England. It is the home of Yorkshire County Cricket Club, rugby league team Leeds Rhinos and rugby union team Leeds Carnegie (formerly known as Leeds Tykes).
There are two separate grounds, with a two-sided stand housing common facilities. Initially, the whole complex was owned by the Leeds Cricket, Football and Athletic Company, which is the parent company of both rugby clubs. Yorkshire County Cricket Club purchased the cricket ground on 31 December 2005 and, as announced on 11 October 2006, the whole ground is managed as one jointly between Yorkshire C.C.C. and Leeds Rugby. This type of joint cricket and football/rugby stadia were typical in 19th century England, and is how Bramall Lane and Park Avenue originally were.
Since 11 January 2006, the stadium has officially been known as the Headingley Carnegie Stadium as a result of sponsorship from Leeds Metropolitan University, whose sports faculty is known as the Carnegie School of Sport Exercise and Physical Education.
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Hebden Bridge
Coordinates: 53°44′31″N 2°00′32″W / 53.742°N 2.009°W / 53.742; -2.009
Hebden Bridge is a market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England. It forms part of the Upper Calder Valley and lies 8 miles (13 km) west of Halifax and 14 miles (21 km) north east of Rochdale, at the confluence of the River Calder and the River Hebden (Hebden Water).
A 2004 profile of the Calder Valley ward, covering Hebden Bridge, Old Town, and part of Todmorden, estimated the population at 11,549. The population of the town itself is approximately 4,500.
The original settlement was the hilltop village of Heptonstall. Hebden Bridge (originally Heptenbryge) started as a settlement where the Halifax to Burnley hilltop packhorse route dropped down into the valley. The route crossed the River Hebden at the spot where the old bridge (from where Hebden Bridge gets its name) stands. The word Hebden comes from the Anglo-Saxon Heopa Denu, 'Bramble(or possibly Wild Rose) Valley'
The steep wet hills and access to major wool markets meant that Hebden Bridge was ideal for water powered weaving mills and the town developed during the 19th and 20th centuries; at one time Hebden was so well known for its clothing manufacture that it was known as "Trouser Town". Drainage of the marshland which covered much of the Upper Calder Valley prior to the Industrial Revolution enabled construction of the road which runs through the valley. Prior to this, travel was only possible via the ancient packhorse route which ran along the hilltop, dropping into the valleys wherever necessary, as was the case with Hebden Bridge. The wool trade also brought the Rochdale Canal (running from Sowerby Bridge to Manchester) and the Manchester and Leeds Railway (later the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway) (running from Leeds to Manchester and Burnley).
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Heckmondwike
Coordinates: 53°42′29″N 1°40′12″W / 53.708°N 1.670°W / 53.708; -1.670
Heckmondwike is a small town and electoral ward in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England, 9 miles (14 km) south west of Leeds. Close to Cleckheaton and Liversedge, it is part of Cleckheckmondsedge, a name invented by J.B. Priestley to represent a West Riding mill town.[citation needed] It is in the Batley and Spen parliamentary constituency, and has a population of March 2001 had an estimated population of 17,066.
Located at the edge of the Pennine hills, the land rises both to the north, east and south of the town centre.
Heckmondwike has its own telephone exchange, north of the High Street and is part of the Wakefield 01924 dialling area, with numbers beginning 40, 41 and 235. This exchange also covers neighbouring Liversedge, and small areas of Dewsbury and Batley namely parts of Dewsbury Moor and Staincliffe. Other telephone numbers in the area are from the cable supplier, where the number allocations 50, 51 and 52 are also used in neighbouring towns.
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Hemsworth
Coordinates: 53°36′36″N 1°21′00″W / 53.610°N 1.350°W / 53.610; -1.350
Hemsworth is a small town and civil parish on the edge of West Yorkshire, England. It forms part of the City of Wakefield, and has a population of 13,311.
It was a one-industry town, where coal mining employed the vast majority of residents, and the closure of the pits during the 1980s led to huge levels of unemployment and deprivation in the area. Hemsworth, along with nearby villages such as Ackworth, Fitzwilliam, Havercroft, Ryhill, South Elmsall and South Kirkby was made into a special regeneration area, and fortunes have improved as a result.
The Hemsworth constituency is famous for being the place where Labour votes were said to be "weighed rather than counted" during the 1960s and 1970s, but the town is not even so heavily Labour-voting as it once was. The town's Member of Parliament is Jon Trickett, a former leader of Leeds council.
In May, 2005, the Office for National Statistics estimated that unemployment in Hemsworth was just 2.8%. This marks progress from periods in the previous two decades when it could reach as high as 50%.
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Holbeck
Coordinates: 53°47′20″N 1°33′18″W / 53.789°N 1.555°W / 53.789; -1.555
Holbeck (grid reference SE311314) is a district in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.
The district begins on the southern edge of the Leeds city centre and mainly lies in the LS11 Leeds postcode area. The M1 and M621 motorways used to end/begin in Holbeck. Now the M621 is the only motorway that passes through the area since the end of the M1 moved to Hook Moor near Aberford. Since large parts of Holbeck have been vacated in preparation for the regeneration of the area, the district has in large parts suffered from a population exodus.
The Leeds and Liverpool Canal also runs through Holbeck.
The place-name Holbeck is first attested in the 12th century in forms such as Holebec and Holesbec, from hol 'a hollow' and beck 'a stream' (an Old Norse loanword, from bekkr, reflecting Scandinavian influence in Yorkshire during the Viking age), thus 'stream in the hollow'. The old manor belonged to the priory of the Holy Trinity at York and after the Dissolution of the Monasteries passed to the Darcy and Ingram families. In the 18th century Holbeck was known for its spa water, which resembled that of Harrogate, and was carried into Leeds for sale. The supply diminished when numerous wells were sunk to supply the mills and works in the area and the water, which previously rose to the surface, could only be obtained by pumping from a considerable depth.
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Holmfirth
Coordinates: 53°34′12″N 1°47′13″W / 53.570°N 1.787°W / 53.570; -1.787
Holmfirth is a small town located on the A6024 Woodhead Road in the Holme Valley, within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. Centred upon the confluence of the Holme and Ribble rivers, Holmfirth is 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Huddersfield and 13 miles (21 km) from Glossop. It mostly consists of stone-built cottages nestled in the Pennine hills. The Peak District National Park around Holme Moss is 4 miles (6.4 km) to the south of the town.
Holmfirth was once a centre for pioneering film-making by the Bamforth & Co Ltd, which later switched to the production of saucy seaside postcards. More recently Holmfirth has become well known as the location of the situation comedy Last of the Summer Wine.
The town originally grew up around a corn mill and bridge in the 13th century. Three hundred years later Holmfirth expanded rapidly as the growing cloth trade grew and the production of stone and slates from the surrounding quarries increased.
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Home Office
The Home Office is a Ministerial department of the UK Government responsible for immigration, security, and order. As such it is responsible for the police, UK Border Agency, and the Security Service (MI5). It is also in charge of government policy on security-related issues such as drugs, counter-terrorism, and ID cards. It was formerly responsible for the Prison Service and Probation Service, but these are now under a newly created Ministry of Justice.
It continues to be known, especially in official papers and when referred to in Parliament, by the title, as the Home Department.
The Home Office is headed by the Home Secretary, a Cabinet minister, who is supported by the senior civil servant, the Permanent Secretary.
As of April 2012, the Home Office comprised the following agencies, inspectorates, and public bodies:
The Home Office Ministers are as follows:
Theresa May is also Minister for Women and Equalities and Lynne Featherstone Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Government Equalities Office. Nick Herbert works between the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice.
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Horsforth
Coordinates: 53°50′03″N 1°38′34″W / 53.83413°N 1.64288°W / 53.83413; -1.64288
Horsforth is a town and civil parish within the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, in West Yorkshire, England, lying to the north west of Leeds. It has a population of 18,928. Horsforth was considered to have the largest population of any village in the United Kingdom during the latter part of the nineteenth century. It became part of the City of Leeds metropolitan borough in 1974, and became a civil parish with town council in 1999.
Horsforth was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Horseford, Horseforde, Hoseforde and its name derives from horse and ford. This refers to a river crossing on the River Aire, probably used for the transportation of woollen goods to and from Pudsey, Shipley and Bradford. The original ford was situated off Calverley Lane (near the Calverley Bridge Zero Waste Sort Site), but was replaced by a stone footbridge at the turn of the 19th century.
The three unnamed Saxon thegns that held the land at the conquest gave way to the king and then lesser Norman nobles,[citation needed] but it was not long after this that most of the village came under the control of Kirkstall Abbey, a Cistercian house founded in 1152 on the bank of the River Aire downstream of Horsforth.
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Huddersfield
Coordinates: 53°38′42″N 1°46′47″W / 53.6450°N 1.7798°W / 53.6450; -1.7798
Huddersfield (i/ˈhʌdərzˌfiːld/) is a large market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England, situated halfway between Leeds and Manchester. It lies 190 miles (310 km) north of London, and 10.3 miles (16.6 km) south of Bradford, the nearest city.
Huddersfield is near the confluence of the River Colne and the River Holme. Located within the historic county boundaries of the West Riding of Yorkshire, according to the 2001 Census it was the 10th largest town in the UK and with a total resident population of 146,234. It is the largest urban area in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees and the administrative centre of the borough. The town is well known for its important role in the Industrial Revolution, for being the birthplace of rugby league and for being the birthplace of the late British Prime Minister Harold Wilson.
Huddersfield today is a town of higher education, the media and sports, being home to the rugby league team, Huddersfield Giants, founded in 1895, who currently play in the European Super League and Football League One football team Huddersfield Town F.C., founded in 1908. The town is home to the University of Huddersfield and the sixth form colleges Greenhead College, Kirklees College and Huddersfield New College
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Hunslet
Coordinates: 53°46′40″N 1°31′50″W / 53.7779°N 1.5305°W / 53.7779; -1.5305
Hunslet is an inner-city area in south Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is 1 mile (1.6 km) south east of the city centre and has an industrial past.
Hunslet had many engineering companies based in the district, such as John Fowler & Co. manufacturers of traction engines & steam rollers, the Hunslet Engine Company builders of locomotives (including for the Channel Tunnel), as well as engineering firms Kitson & Co., Manning Wardle and Hudswell Clarke. Many railway locomotives were built in the Jack Lane area of Hunslet.
Thee area has a mixture of modern and 19th century industrial buildings, terraced housing and 20th century housing. It is an area that has grown up significantly around the River Aire in the early years of the 21st century, especially with the construction of modern riverside flats. It was at one point the main production site for Leeds Creamware, a type of pottery (still produced) so called because of its cream glazing. Hunslet is now prospering as it follows the trend of Leeds generally and the expansion of office and industrial sites south of Leeds city centre.
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Ilkley
Coordinates: 53°55′30″N 1°49′19″W / 53.925°N 1.822°W / 53.925; -1.822
Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in West Yorkshire, in the north of England. Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within the metropolitan borough of Bradford. Approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Bradford, the town lies mainly on the south bank of the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, one of the Yorkshire Dales. The parish has a population of 13,828 (census 2001).
Ilkley's spa town heritage and surrounding countryside make tourism an important local industry. The town centre is characterised by Victorian architecture, wide streets and floral displays. Ilkley Moor, to the south of the town, is the subject of a folk song, often described as the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire, "On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at". The song's words are written in Yorkshire dialect, its title translated as "On Ilkley Moor without a hat."
The earliest evidence of habitation in the Ilkley area is flint arrowheads or microliths, dating to the Mesolithic period, from about 11,000 BC onwards. The area around Ilkley has been continuously settled since at least the early Bronze Age, around 1800 BC; more than 250 cup and ring marks, and swastika carvings dating to the period have been found on rock outcrops, and archaeological remains of dwellings are found on Ilkley Moor. A druidical stone circle, the Twelve Apostles Stone Circle, was constructed 2,000 years ago.
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Ilkley Moor
Ilkley Moor is part of Rombalds Moor, the moorland between Ilkley and Keighley in West Yorkshire, England. The moor, which rises to 402 m (1,319 ft) above sea level is famous as the inspiration for the Yorkshire "county anthem" On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at.
During the Carboniferous period (325 million years ago), Ilkley Moor was part of a sea level swampy area fed by meandering river channels coming from the north. The layers in the eroded bank faces of stream gullies in the area represent sea levels with various tides depositing different sorts of sediment. Over a long period of time the sediments were cemented and compacted into hard rock layers. Geological forces lifted and tilted the strata a little towards the south-east, producing many small fractures, or faults. Since the end of the Carboniferous time there has been erosion and more than a thousand metres of the coal-bearing rocks have been completely removed from the area. During the last million years, Ice Age glaciers modified the shape of the Wharfe valley, deepening it, smoothing it and leaving behind glacial debris. The millstone grit not only gives character to the town of Ilkley but gives the area its acid soils, heather moors, soft water and rocky scars.
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Jamaica
Coordinates: 18°10′57″N 77°19′18″W / 18.1823878°N 77.3217773°W / 18.1823878; -77.3217773
Jamaica (
i/dʒəˈmeɪkə/), officially the Commonwealth of Jamaica, is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres (145 mi) in length, up to 80 kilometres (50 mi) in width, and 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno name for the island was Xaymaca, meaning the "Land of Wood and Water" or the "Land of Springs".
Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, it became an English colony in 1655 under the name "Jamaica". It achieved full independence from Britain on August 6, 1962. With 2.8 million people, it is the third most populous anglophone country in the Americas, after the United States and Canada. It remains a Commonwealth realm in concert with the Monarchy of Jamaica holding ultimate executive power, where Queen Elizabeth II is the current head of state and Queen of Jamaica.Kingston is the country's largest city and the capital.
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Keighley
Coordinates: 53°52′01″N 1°54′40″W / 53.867°N 1.911°W / 53.867; -1.911
Keighley (i/ˈkiːθli/ KEETH-lee) is a town and civil parish within the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. It is situated 11 miles (17.7 km) northwest of Bradford and is at the confluence of the rivers Aire and the Worth. The town area, which is part of the Brontë Country, has a population of 51,429 (2001 Census), making it the third largest civil parish in England.
Keighley lies in a fold between the countryside of Airedale and Keighley Moors. The town is the terminus of the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway, a heritage steam branch line which has been restored and runs through the Worth Valley to Oxenhope via Oakworth and Haworth.
The name Keighley, which has gone through many changes of spelling throughout its history, is accepted to mean "Cyhha's farm or clearing" and was mentioned in the Domesday Book, "In Cichhelai (Keighley), Ulchel, and Thole, and Ravensuar, and William had six carucates to be taxed."
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Killingbeck
Killingbeck is a district of east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England that is situated between Seacroft to the north, Cross Gates and Whitkirk to the east, Gipton to the west, Halton Moor to the south, Halton to the south east and Osmondthorpe to the south west. It is contiguous with Cross Gates and Seacroft, at the junction of the A63 (Selby) Road and A64 (York) roads. Killingbeck was formerly home to Killingbeck Colliery. The area is small and its borders difficult to define but runs along York Road, taking in the retail park, the former Killingbeck Hospital, the cemetery, the police station and Halfords.
Killingbeck is home to a police station in Leeds, the 'Killingbeck Police Station', which deals with all calls in east Leeds.
Killingbeck Hospital, famous for its heart surgery, was located in the area until 1998, when services were transferred to the Jubilee Wing at Leeds General Infirmary. Currently, Killingbeck is most notable for its Asda superstore and B&Q warehouse.
Jimmy Savile's mother ("the duchess") is buried in Killingbeck Cemetery.{link}
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull (i/ˌkɪŋstən əpɒn ˈhʌl/ KING-stən ə-pon HUL), usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of 263,900 (2010 est.). The Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) population stands at 573,300.
Renamed Kings town upon Hull by King Edward I in 1299, the town and city of Hull has served as market town, military supply port, a trading hub, fishing and whaling centre, and industrial metropolis.
Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars. Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce, played a key role in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain.
The city is unique in the UK in having had a municipally-owned telephone system from 1902, sporting cream, not red, telephone boxes.
After suffering heavy damage during the Second World War, Hull weathered a period of post-industrial decline, during which the city gained unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education and policing. In recent years the city has embarked on an extensive programme of economic regeneration, reconstruction and urban renewal. The economic crisis since 2008 has caused some setbacks to these developments.
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Kirklees
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 1°48′04″W / 53.593°N 1.801°W / 53.593; -1.801
The Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 401,000 and includes the settlements of Batley, Birstall, Cleckheaton, Denby Dale, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Kirkburton, Marsden, Meltham, Mirfield and Slaithwaite. Huddersfield is the largest settlement of the district, and its centre of administration.
The borough was formed under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, by a merger of the county boroughs of Dewsbury and Huddersfield along with the municipal boroughs of Batley and Spenborough and the urban districts of Colne Valley, Denby Dale, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Kirkburton, Meltham and Mirfield.
The name "Kirklees" was chosen by the merging councils from more than fifty suggestions, including "Upper Agbrigg", "Brigantia" and "Wooldale". It was named after Kirklees Priory, legendary burial place of Robin Hood. The site of the priory is now Kirklees Park Estate, situated mid way between Huddersfield and Dewsbury and the location of Kirklees Hall.
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Kirkstall Abbey
Kirkstall Abbey is a ruined Cistercian monastery in Kirkstall north-west of Leeds city centre in West Yorkshire. It is set in a public park on the north bank of the River Aire. It was founded c.1152. It was disestablished during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under the auspices of Henry VIII.
The picturesque ruins have been drawn and painted by artists such as J.M.W. Turner, Thomas Girtin and John Sell Cotman.
Kirkstall Abbey was acquired by Leeds Corporation as a gift from Colonel North and opened to the public in the late 19th century. The gatehouse became a museum.
Henry de Lacy (1070, Halton, – 1123), Lord of the manor of Pontefract, 2nd Lord of Bowland, promised to dedicate an abbey to the Virgin Mary should he survive a serious illness. He recovered and agreed to give the Abbot of Fountains Abbey land at Barnoldswick in the West Riding of Yorkshire (now in Lancashire) on which to found a daughter abbey. Abbot Alexander with twelve Cistercian monks from Fountains went to Barnoldswick and after demolishing the existing church attempted to build the abbey on Henry de Lacy's land. They stayed for six years but found the place inhospitable. Abbot Alexander set about finding a more suitable place for the abbey and came across a site in the heavily wooded Aire Valley occupied by hermits.
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Knottingley
Coordinates: 53°42′18″N 1°14′56″W / 53.705°N 1.249°W / 53.705; -1.249
Knottingley is a town within the metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England on the River Aire and the A1 road. It has a population of 13,503.
Until 1699, it was an important inland river port but, in that year, the Aire was made navigable as far as Leeds, which soon surpassed it. Knottingley continued as a centre for boat building into the twentieth century. After 1870, the town also became known for glass manufacturing.
The town is served by Knottingley railway station.
Knottingley is famous as a glass manufacturing town. In 1887 Bagley's Glassworks purchased the rights to the first bottle-making machine, invented by a Ferrybridge postmaster.
Close to Knottingley is the Ferrybridge Power Station, which has the largest cooling towers of their kind in Europe. Three of these towers collapsed in high winds in 1965. These towers can be seen for miles around. One of the oldest purpose-built cinemas in England, located in Aire Street, has been converted into flats.
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Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 Leeds (i/ˈliːdz/) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city has a population of 798,800 (2011 est.), making it the 24th-most populous city in the European Union
Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan Area, of which Leeds is the integral part, had a population of around 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. In addition, the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and its office market is the best in Europe for value. Leeds is considered a Gamma World City, alongside cities such as Phoenix, St. Petersburg and Valencia.
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Leeds Art Gallery
Leeds Art Gallery in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England is a museum whose collection of 20th century British Art is recognised by the British government as a collection "of national importance". Its collection also includes 19th century and earlier art works. The gallery opened on 3 October 1888 as Leeds City Art Gallery and was paid for by public subscription. In 1912, the Leeds Art Collections Fund was formed to support the gallery’s acquisitions, which it continues to do today. The gallery is owned and administered by Leeds City Council.
The gallery was built between 1886-1888 by W. H. Thorp, as an extension to the Municipal Buildings to the west (built 1878-1884 by George Corson, now housing Leeds Central Library). It is grade II listed. A major renovation was completed in June 2007, including opening up the magnificent Victorian tiled hall (used as a café and bookshop) which links the gallery and the library. At first floor level there is direct access from the gallery to the Art Library. The gallery includes a ground floor lecture theatre which is used for a variety of events.
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Leeds Cathedral
Leeds Cathedral, formally The Cathedral Church of St Anne, commonly known as Saint Anne's Cathedral, is the Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Diocese of Leeds, and is the seat of the Bishop of Leeds. It is in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. (The city of Leeds does not have a Church of England cathedral, because it is in the Anglican Diocese of Ripon and Leeds, although Leeds Parish Church is large and architecturally significant.)
The original cathedral was located in St. Anne's Church in 1878, but that building was demolished around 1900. The current cathedral building on Cookridge Street was completed in 1904, and was restored in 2006. The reredos of the old cathedral's high altar was designed by Pugin in 1842 and moved to the Lady Chapel of the new cathedral. The cathedral is a Grade II* listed building.
The earlier St Anne’s Roman Catholic church, built in 1838 on the corner of the Headrow and Cookridge Street was granted Cathedral status in 1878 upon the creation of the Diocese of Leeds. The Cathedral's life was short-lived as in 1899, Leeds Corporation pushed ahead with plans to widen The Headrow and develop it into a Boulevard style street. This meant that the Cathedral was acquired by the enactment of a compulsory purchase order. Demolition started shortly after and the Leeds Permanent Building Society purchased the plot to build its head-office, the site is now The Light entertainment complex. Church officials considered several sites on which to build the second cathedral but after exhausting other options, the Church accepted land offered to it by the Corporation, directly adjacent to the previous church. Some architectural features of the original building were salvaged and reused in the new building and some can now be seen at the Castle-by-the-Sea Hotel in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, the former residence of the artist Atkinson Grimshaw.
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Leeds city centre
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′54″W / 53.7998°N 1.5482°W / 53.7998; -1.5482
Leeds city centre is the central business district of Leeds, England. It is within the Leeds Central parliamentary constituency, represented by Hilary Benn as MP since a by-election in 1999. The term central Leeds is often used to describe Leeds city centre, although it refers to a wider area usually defined by the area within the Inner Ring Road, covering areas such as Holbeck and Hunslet.[citation needed] While the city centre has no formal definition, it may be taken as roughly bounded by the Leeds Inner Ring Road on the north. Many people in the city say it stretches from Woodhouse Lane, to the north, to Holbeck in the south and from the casinos on Kirkstall Road in the West to Lincoln Green to the east.[citation needed] Leeds city centre can arguably be separated roughly into five areas or quarters.
The Civic Quarter is the area at the north of the city centre, roughly north of the Headrow. It is home to the Leeds Magistrates and Crown Courts. Leeds Town Hall is a prominent landmark which was completed in 1858 and opened by Queen Victoria. The City Library and City Gallery are next door. Queen Square is also found here. The city's largest hospital, the Leeds General Infirmary, is also located here and was first opened in 1869.
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Leeds City College
Coordinates: 53°48′04″N 1°33′29″W / 53.801°N 1.558°W / 53.801; -1.558
Leeds City College is the largest Further education establishment in the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, with around 57,000 students, 2,300 staff and an annual turnover of £78 million. It officially opened on 1 April 2009.[dead link][dead link] The College was granted official status in January 2009 and was formed from three large colleges, Park Lane College, Leeds Thomas Danby College and Leeds College of Technology. The college is a member of the 157 Group of 28 high performing state sixth form colleges and colleges of further education.
On 1 August 2011 the college expanded further with the merger of the three sites of Joseph Priestley College in Rothwell, Beeston and Morley. On the same day it also became the owner of a newly re-constituted Leeds College of Music which will maintain a level of independence as a wholly owned company of the City College.
The existing five sites of the former three colleges will continue in use, and they have been named as follows:
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Leeds City Museum
Coordinates: 53°48′06″N 1°32′50″W / 53.801617°N 1.547323°W / 53.801617; -1.547323
Leeds City Museum, originally established in 1819, re-opened on 13 September 2008 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is housed in the former Mechanics' Institute built by Cuthbert Brodrick, in Millennium Square, which has been redeveloped to a design by Austin-Smith:Lord architects and Buro Happold engineers. Gallery and exhibit design is provided by Redman Design.
Admission to the museum is free of charge. Special exhibitions are hosted alongside a collection of displays from the Leeds Archive.
In 1819 a museum was established on Park Row by the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, and in 1821 it opened to the public. In 1921, control of the museum was handed to the Corporation of Leeds which later became Leeds City Council. In 1941 the museum building and artifacts were badly damaged by bombing. In 1965 the museum was closed, and a few exhibits removed to a couple of rooms in the city library in 1966. The oversized Leeds Tiger, the giant moose skeleton and the carved wooden cart took up much of the space. In 1999 the museum went into storage, though researchers and the public could view items by appointment. In 2000 the resource centre at Yeadon opened, under the same appointment-to-view arrangement. In 2001 Leeds City Council bid for National Lottery cash, and in 2004 it was awarded £19.5 million, so in 2005 the Leeds Mechanics' Institute building began to be re-designed as Leeds City Museum, finally to re-open in 2008.
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Leeds City Region
The Leeds City Region is the area whose economic development is supported by the Leeds City Region Partnership, a sub-regional economic development partnership. This sub-region (defined by local labour markets and journey-to-work areas) covers the whole of West Yorkshire and parts of neighbouring North and South Yorkshire; that is, the ten local authority districts of Barnsley, Bradford, Calderdale, Craven, Harrogate, Kirklees, Leeds, Selby, Wakefield, and York. With close to 3 million people, a resident workforce of 1.4 million, over 100,000 businesses and an economy worth £52 billion per year, the economy is larger than some European countries economies, which makes the Leeds City Region a major economy.The region is diverse and has many centres, both geographically and culturally. It is one of eight city regions defined in the 2004 document Moving Forward: The Northern Way, a collaboration between the three northern Regional Development Agencies which is a part of the 20 year government strategy to grow the economy of Northern England. As a partnership, the Leeds City Region is firmly established and has in operation an accountable decision making structure, which involves the Leaders of all eleven partner authorities. It has made several successful bids for government funded economic development projects.
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Leeds city region
The Leeds City Region is the area whose economic development is supported by the Leeds City Region Partnership, a sub-regional economic development partnership. This sub-region (defined by local labour markets and journey-to-work areas) covers the whole of West Yorkshire and parts of neighbouring North and South Yorkshire; that is, the ten local authority districts of Barnsley, Bradford, Calderdale, Craven, Harrogate, Kirklees, Leeds, Selby, Wakefield, and York. With close to 3 million people, a resident workforce of 1.4 million, over 100,000 businesses and an economy worth £52 billion per year, the economy is larger than some European countries economies, which makes the Leeds City Region a major economy.The region is diverse and has many centres, both geographically and culturally. It is one of eight city regions defined in the 2004 document Moving Forward: The Northern Way, a collaboration between the three northern Regional Development Agencies which is a part of the 20 year government strategy to grow the economy of Northern England. As a partnership, the Leeds City Region is firmly established and has in operation an accountable decision making structure, which involves the Leaders of all eleven partner authorities. It has made several successful bids for government funded economic development projects.
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Leeds City Square
City Square is a paved open area in Leeds city centre in West Yorkshire, England.
In 1897, the Leeds city council of the time wanted to improve the open space near to the (Old) Post Office and in 1899 work was completed. The city square was enhanced with the erection of statues, the grandest being the Black Prince on horseback in bronze by Thomas Brock. There are other statues of other worthy local people (Joseph Priestley, John Harrison, James Watt and Dr Walter Hook) and statues of eight nymphs, light standards by sculptor Alfred Drury.
The White Rose Way walking trail starts at the foot of the Black Prince Statue.
To the south are the railway station, the Queens Hotel and the streets of Bishopgate Street and New Station Street. To the west are the former Majestyks and Jumpin Jacks nightclubs which are due to be converted into a casino, the Old Post Office (which closed in 2004 and has been converted into restaurants and serviced apartments that opened in 2006) and the streets of Aire Street, Wellington Street, Quebec Street and Infirmary Street (a bus terminal).
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Leeds City Varieties
Coordinates: 53°47′56″N 1°32′34″W / 53.79889°N 1.54278°W / 53.79889; -1.54278
The Leeds City Varieties is a Grade II* listed music hall in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.
It was built in 1865 as an adjunct to the White Swan Inn in Swan Street and the original interior is largely unaltered. Along with Hoxton Hall and Wilton's Music Hall (both in London), it is a rare surviving example of the Victorian era music halls of the 1850s/1860s. The interior is a long rectangle, with boxes separated by cast-iron columns along the sides at circle level.
The theatre was founded by local pub landlord and benefactor Charles Thornton and was originally called 'Thornton's New Music Hall and Fashionable Lounge'. The name subsequently changed to the White Swan Varieties and then Stansfield's Varieties before becoming the City Palace of Varieties. Charlie Chaplin, Marie Lloyd and Houdini are among the artists who performed there.
Between 1953 and 1983, the theatre achieved national fame as the venue for the BBC television programme The Good Old Days, a recreation of old-time music hall featuring Leonard Sachs as the alliterative Chairman and many well-known and less-well-known performers. The venue still presents live "Good Old Days" music hall events over runs of 3 weekends in the spring and 4 in the autumn, as well as pantomime and a regular programme of stand-up comedy and music concerts.
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Leeds Civic Hall
Leeds Civic Hall is a civic building housing Leeds City Council, located in Millennium Square, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The design was the result of a competition held in 1926, which was won by Vincent Harris. Work began in 1931 and the hall was opened by King George V on 23 August 1933.
Costing £360,000 to construct, it is notable that due to the Great Depression, most people employed in its construction would otherwise have been unemployed, therefore the building's construction was used as job creation, an example of Keynesian economics. The building houses Leeds City Council and includes offices such as the Lord Mayor's room, council chambers and a banqueting hall.
Leeds Civic Hall is a Grade II* listed building.
In addition to the Civic Hall, Leeds Town Hall is still used for concerts and other functions, as well as housing some council offices.
One of a pair of golden owl sculptures (John Thorp, 2000). Each owl is 9 foot high. There is an older pair on the roof
Rear of Leeds Civic Hall
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Leeds Corn Exchange
The Leeds Corn Exchange is a Victorian building in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, which was designed by Cuthbert Brodrick and completed in 1864. It currently houses a restaurant, a clothing boutique and a jewellery shop.
Designed by Cuthbert Brodrick, a young Hull architect best known for Leeds Town Hall, this Grade I listed structure was completed in 1862 and opened on 28 July 1863. Leeds Corn Exchange is now just one of three Corn Exchanges in the country which still operates in its traditional capacity as a centre for trade, albeit no longer for trading in corn.[citation needed]
After the closure of the Corn Exchange, its condition deteriorated to such a degree that the building itself and the surrounding land became one of Leeds' most run down areas.[citation needed] Early proposals for the regeneration for this site had included turning the Corn Exchange into a concert hall similar to the Royal Albert Hall.[citation needed]
In 1985, Speciality Shops plc won the contract to re-develop the building as a shopping centre. The refurbishment process designed by Alsop & Lyall was completely restored to its current state, with new staircases to allow shoppers access to the balcony and basement levels. It opened for trade in 1990. Many other old buildings have been restored in this area, now known as The Exchange Quarter.
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Leeds Country Way
The Leeds Country Way is a circular long-distance footpath of 62 miles (99 km) around Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is never more than 7 miles (11 km) from Leeds City Square, but is mainly rural with extensive views in the outlying areas of the Leeds metropolitan district. It follows public Rights of Way including footpaths, bridleways and minor lanes, with a few short sections along roads.
A route was first devised by Fred Andrews of the Ramblers Association, and then developed by West Yorkshire County Council in the early 1980s. This council was abolished in 1986, and the path is now under the care of the Countryside section of Leeds City Council. The Leeds Country Way was realigned in 2006, using a route devised by Bob Brewster, to bring it entirely within the boundary of the Leeds metropolitan district (previously it crossed the boundary into Wakefield), and the path was officially relaunched on 26 September 2006 with a revised set of map leaflets (see external links) and improved waymarking.
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Leeds Grammar School
Coordinates: 53°51′54″N 1°31′07″W / 53.86503°N 1.51851°W / 53.86503; -1.51851
Leeds Grammar School was an independent school in Leeds established in 1552. In August 2005 it merged with Leeds Girls' High School to form The Grammar School at Leeds. The two schools physically united in September 2008.
The school was founded in 1552 by William Sheafield to provide free, subsidised or fee-paying education to the children of the City of Leeds. Despite 1552 being the traditional date for the foundation of the school, there is some evidence to suggest that the school existed as early as 1341. In 1805, the school was the subject of a ruling by Lord Eldon that set a precedent affecting grammar schools throughout England.
Leeds Grammar School was founded in 1552, following the death of the Reverend William Sheafield in July of that year. Sheafield left £14 13s. 4d. in his will to maintain a schoolmaster "to teach and instruct freely for ever all such Younge Schollars Youthes and Children as shall come and resort to him from time to time to be taught instructed and informed", provided that a school house was built by the town of Leeds. The date for the foundation of the school still remains in doubt to this day, with records indicating that there was a Grammar School in Leeds as early as 1341. The school's first site is thought to have been in The Calls, by the River Aire, near the centre of the city. However, by about 1579 the school was in the New Chapel building at the head of Headingley Lane, where it remained until 1624.
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Leeds Grand Mosque
Leeds Grand Mosque is the largest mosque in Leeds with a Friday congregation of 500–600. It is located at 9 Woodsley Road, Hyde Park, Leeds, LS6 1SN West Yorkshire, England.
It was converted from a church in 1994, with funding from Saif Bin Muhammad Al-Nehayyan of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Its main hall provides a large open space which has been used for experiments in human echo-location.
It is the home of the first Muslim Scout Group in Leeds. 15 Scouts were invested at the launch in 2006.
The mosque's imam is Muhammad Tahir. It is unusual in providing a translation of the sermon into English.
Coordinates: 53°48′24″N 1°34′05″W / 53.80653°N 1.56801°W / 53.80653; -1.56801
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Leeds Town Hall
Leeds Town Hall was built between 1853 and 1858 on Park Lane (now The Headrow), Leeds, West Yorkshire, England to a design by architect Cuthbert Brodrick.
Until the early 1813, the Moot Hall, situated at the top of Briggate, served as the county seat for Leeds Corporation and was also used for judicial purposes. This was replaced by a new court house on Park Row, Leeds.
Leeds went through a period of rapid growth in the first half of the 19th century and by the mid-19th century it became apparent that the court house was no longer large enough for the functions it performed. In July 1850, Leeds Borough Council decided to build a new town hall and established a committee to assess the opinions of Leeds' inhabitants as to the building of a new municipal hall.
In order to finance the new town hall, the council proposed to sell shares in the building to the value of £10, this method quickly failed. The council then proposed to introduce a specific rate to be levied to fund the building of a town hall. The tax was not introduced until after the November 1850 local election, although most of the inhabitants of the city who would have paid the tax at the time lacked voting rights. The town hall was approved in January 1851, when Alderman Hepper put the motion to the council and it was carried by 24 votes to 12.
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Leicester
Coordinates: 52°38′03″N 1°08′19″W / 52.63422°N 1.13852°W / 52.63422; -1.13852
Leicester (/lɛstər/ LESS-tər pronunciation (help·info)) is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England, and the county town of Leicestershire. The city lies on the River Soar and at the edge of the National Forest. In 2010, the population of the Leicester unitary authority was estimated at 306,600, the second highest in the region, whilst 441,213 people lived in the wider Leicester Urban Area in 2006, making Leicester the tenth most populous settlement in the United Kingdom and the UK's fourteenth largest urban area. It is the largest city in the East Midlands yet has the second largest urban area in the region behind Nottingham Urban Area. Eurostat's Larger Urban Zone listed the population of the area at 772,400 people as of 2004.
Ancient Roman pavements and baths remain in Leicester from its early settlement as Ratae Corieltauvorum, a Roman military outpost in a region inhabited by the Celtic Corieltauvi tribe. Following the demise of Roman society the early medieval Ratae Corieltauvorum is shrouded in obscurity, but when the settlement was captured by the Danes it became one of five fortified towns important to the Danelaw. The name "Leicester" is thought to derive from the words castra of the "Ligore", meaning camp of the dwellers on the (river) Legro. Leicester appears in the Domesday Book as "Ledecestre". Leicester continued to grow throughout the Early Modern period as a market town, although it was the Industrial Revolution that facilitated a process of rapid unplanned urbanisation in the area.
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Lille
Coordinates: 50°38′14″N 3°03′48″E / 50.6372°N 3.0633°E / 50.6372; 3.0633
Lille (French pronunciation: [lil] ( listen); Dutch: Rijsel) is a city in northern France (French Flanders). It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country behind those of Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Lille is situated on the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium. It is the capital of the Nord-Pas de Calais region and the prefecture of the Nord department.
The city of Lille, which annexed Lomme on 27 February 2000, had a population of 226,014 at the 2006 census. Meanwhile, the Lille Métropole, which also includes Roubaix, Tourcoing and numerous suburban communities, had a population of 1,091,438. The eurodistrict of Lille-Kortrijk, which also includes the areas of the Belgian cities of Kortrijk, Tournai, Mouscron and Ypres, had 1,905,000 residents.[citation needed]
The legend of "Lydéric and Phinaert" puts the foundation of the city of "L'Isle" at 640. Although the first mention of the town appears in archives from the year 1066, some archeological digs seem to show the area as inhabited by as early as 2000 BC[citation needed], most notably in the modern-day quartiers of Fives, Wazemmes, and Old Lille.
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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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M1 motorway
The M1 is a north–south motorway in England connecting London to Leeds, where it joins the A1(M) near Aberford. It was the first inter-urban motorway to be completed in the United Kingdom; the first road to be built to motorway standard in the country was the Preston Bypass, which later became part of the M6.
The motorway is 193 miles (311 km) long and was constructed in four phases. Most of the motorway was opened between 1959 and 1968 but the southern end was extended in 1977 and the northern end was extended in 1999. It forms part of the unsigned European route E13.
The first motorways (autostrades) were built in Italy on the order of Benito Mussolini in the 1920s, with other countries subsequently following, notably Germany with the first 'autobahn' in 1931 and then developed by the Nazis under Adolf Hitler. There had been plans since before the Second World War for a motorway network in the United Kingdom. Lord Montagu formed a company to build a 'motorway like road' from London to Birmingham in 1923, however it was a further 26 years before the Special Roads Act 1949 was passed which allowed for the construction of roads limited to a limited vehicle classifications and the 1950s when the country's first motorways were given the government go-ahead. The first section of motorway was the Preston Bypass in Lancashire, which opened in 1958 (now part of the M6 motorway). The M1 was Britain's first full-length motorway and opened in 1959.
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M62 motorway
The M62 motorway is a west–east trans-Pennine motorway in Northern England, connecting Liverpool and Hull via Manchester and Leeds. The road also forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 (Shannon to Saint Petersburg) and E22 (Holyhead to Ishim). The road is 107 miles (172 km) long; for 7 miles (11 km), it shares its route with the M60 motorway around Manchester. The motorway, which was first proposed in the 1930s, and originally conceived as two separate routes, was built in stages between 1971 and 1976, with construction beginning at Pole Moor and finishing in Tarbock on the outskirts of Liverpool. The motorway also absorbed the northern end of the Stretford-Eccles bypass, which was built between 1957 and 1960. Adjusted for inflation to 2007, the motorway cost approximately £765 million to build. The motorway is relatively busy, with an average daily traffic flow of 100,000 cars in Yorkshire, and has several areas prone to gridlock, in particular, between Leeds and Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.
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M621 motorway
The M621 motorway is a short loop of motorway in England that takes traffic into central Leeds between the M1 and M62 motorways.
The first section of the M621 to open, known at the time as the 'South West Urban Motorway', extends from the M62 to Junction 3 in central Leeds where it used to terminate at a roundabout which was also the terminus of the M1 motorway. This section opened in stages, from the M62 to Junction 1 in 1971, and from Junction 1 to Junction 3 in 1973.
When the M1 was diverted away from Leeds when the 'M1 - A1 Lofthouse to Bramham' extension opened in 1999 adjustments were made to Junction 3 and the Leeds section of the M1 was re-designated as M621 (Junctions 3-7).
Coordinates: 53°46′42″N 1°34′36″W / 53.7783°N 1.5768°W / 53.7783; -1.5768 (M621, approximate mid-point)
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Manchester Airport
Manchester Airport (IATA: MAN, ICAO: EGCC), is an international airport at Ringway, Manchester, England. In 2011 it was third busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers, and the 23rd busiest airport in Europe. Manchester Airport is the largest outside the London region with over double the passengers of its nearest non-London rival, Edinburgh Airport.
The terminals are 7.5 NM (13.9 km; 8.6 mi) south of Manchester city centre. It officially opened on 25 June 1938 and was initially known as Ringway Airport. During World War II, it was called RAF Ringway and from 1975 until 1986 Manchester International Airport. The airport is owned and managed by the Manchester Airports Group (MAG), a holding company owned by the ten metropolitan borough councils of Greater Manchester, with Manchester City Council owning the largest stake. A Category 10 airport, the airport comprises three terminals, a goods terminal and a railway station. It is the only British airport other than London Heathrow to have two runways over 3,000 metres in length.
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Meadowhall Centre
Coordinates: 53°24′52″N 1°24′39″W / 53.414430°N 1.410949°W / 53.414430; -1.410949
Meadowhall is an indoor shopping centre in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. It lies three miles (5 km) north east of Sheffield city centre and four miles (6.4 km) from Rotherham town centre. It is the largest shopping centre in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, and the eighth largest in the United Kingdom.
Note that Meadowhall Retail Park is a separate development, also owned by British Land, lying 0.8 miles (1.29 km) to the south of Meadowhall shopping centre in the Carbrook area of the city.
The shopping centre was built by Bovis on the site previously occupied by a steelworks.
The centre was opened on 4 September 1990. With a floor area of 139,355 m2 (1,500,005 sq ft), it is the eighth largest (second largest when first opened) shopping centre in the UK. It is similar in concept to the Merry Hill Shopping Centre at Brierley Hill in the West Midlands, which was completed just before Meadowhall.
With over 280 stores, Meadowhall was widely blamed for the closure of many shops in Sheffield City Centre and in Rotherham. Meadowhall is owned by British Land, a property developer. The centre attracted 19.8 million visitors in its first year of opening, and now attracts about 30 million visitors a year.
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Meanwood Beck
The Meanwood Beck is a stream in West Yorkshire, England, which flows through Adel, Meanwood and Sheepscar into the River Aire in central Leeds. In older texts it was sometimes referred to as the Sheepscar Beck, however that term has fallen out of use.
The beck was previously a source of water for the village of Headingley and two of its earliest bridges led straight to it. The beck carries a much reduced volume of water over recent years as water is collected instead into the many drains in the centre of one of Britain's largest cities.
Meanwood Beck runs through Meanwood Park and Woodhouse Ridge. It provides water and drainage for Meanwood Valley Urban Farm.
In the 16th to 18th centuries it provided power for corn mills. In the 19th century it supplied water for a chemical works and tanneries, one of which, Sugarwell Court, is now a university hall of residence.
The Beck suffered a serious pollution incident on 29 March 1999 when an oil tank at the University of Leeds' Bodington Hall was overfilled and 10,000 litres of oil flowed into the beck. It is also a habitat for the indigenous European crayfish, which is currently threatened in the UK by a plague carried by the Signal crayfish introduced from America. As well as the crayfish there is also bull head fish present which can be found easily with a net and a pair of waders; they generally are located on the stream bed in the mud and silt.
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Meltham
Coordinates: 53°35′31″N 1°51′00″W / 53.592°N 1.850°W / 53.592; -1.850
Meltham is a small town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Holme Valley, below Wessenden Moor, four and a half miles south-west of Huddersfield on the edge of the Peak District National Park. It had a population of 8,089 at the 2001 census, which was estimated to have increased to 8,600 by 2005.
The valley has been inhabited since pre-historic times and there are two Iron Age sites overlooking the town. Meltham also includes the small village of Helme which has its own school and church. Meltham is situated within close reach of several major cities. Bradford is 14 miles to the north, Leeds is 19 miles north-east, Manchester is 19 miles to the south-west and Sheffield is 21 miles to the south-east.
Surrounding villages within the Kirklees area include Crosland Moor, Golcar, Honley, Holmfirth, Linthwaite, Marsden, Netherton and Slaithwaite.
Meltham itself contains three primary schools, namely Meltham Church of England (C of E) School, Meltham Moor Primary School and Helme (C of E) junior and infant school. Secondary schools serving Meltham primarily include Honley High School, Holmfirth High School and Colne Valley High School, all of which are located in neighbouring areas.
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Mirfield
Coordinates: 53°40′51″N 1°41′20″W / 53.6807°N 1.6888°W / 53.6807; -1.6888
Mirfield is a small town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England. It is located on the A644 road between Brighouse and Dewsbury. In the 2001 census it was recorded as having a total resident population of 18,621.
The town is served by Mirfield railway station.
From 1894 to 1974, Mirfield formed an urban district in the West Riding of Yorkshire until it was merged into the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees. In 1988 a Parish council was formed and became one of five in Kirklees, the others being:- Denby Dale, Meltham, Kirkburton and Holme Valley. As a Parish council an additional tax precept to the Kirklees MBC tax is levied on the towns residents for projects within the town. Mirfield has a town council, made up of 16 volunteer councillors who serve for a fixed four year term, and represent ward members within the parish. The members elect their own Town Council Mayor, who serves for a fixed one year term.
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Morley Town Hall
Morley Town Hall is a grand building, with a clock tower located in Morley, West Yorkshire, England. The hall's main steps have a colonnade with a Roman frieze on the pediment. Morley Town Hall is situated on Queen Street in the centre of Morley. It bears a strong resemblance to Bolton Town Hall, being designed by the same architect. It is a Grade I listed building. The building retains a large amount of original features, including halls, a courtroom and holding cells, all of which contribute to the building being chosen often as a local filming location. ITV shows Emmerdale and Heartbeat both use the Hall for both interior and exterior shots.
Morley Town Hall is often the centrepiece of local celebrations. During the run-up to Christmas the surrounding fir trees are usually covered in large gold baubles and the decorative Christmas lights are controlled from atop grand stairs. Bonfire Night is an annual celebration that takes place on November 5 in which fireworks will light up the sky above Morley Town Hall. At these celebrations there is usually a band, a celebrity and quite a few attractions. Typically there will be trinkets on sale, a small Ferris wheel and other children's rides as well.
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Mytholmroyd
Coordinates: 53°43′48″N 1°58′52″W / 53.730°N 1.981°W / 53.730; -1.981
Mytholmroyd ( /ˈmaɪðəmrɔɪd/) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England. It lies 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Hebden Bridge and 6.7 miles (10.8 km) west of Halifax.
Mytholmroyd is the birthplace of the English poet Ted Hughes. He became the Poet Laureate and married the American poet Sylvia Plath who is buried at nearby Heptonstall. Its population is roughly 4,200.
Mytholmroyd is the home of Calder High School, the largest Comprehensive School in the Upper Calder Valley. Mytholmroyd Community Centre hosts the annual Dock Pudding Championships in April, attended in 2007 by Robbie Coltrane who entered the competition and came second, and the Mytholmroyd Gala takes place every July.
The town is served by Mytholmroyd railway station.
During the late 18th century, the valley to the south, known as Cragg Vale, was home to a gang of counterfeiters known as the Cragg Coiners. The gang's leader, David Hartley, or King David as he was known, was found guilty of the 1769 murder of excise official William Dighton and was hanged at the York Tyburn on 28 April 1770. Two other gang members were also executed for their part in the murder.
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Coordinates: 54°58.440′N 1°36.792′W / 54.974°N 1.6132°W / 54.974; -1.6132
Newcastle upon Tyne (locallyi/njuːˈkæsəl/; often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne. The city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.
Like most cities, Newcastle has a diverse cross section, from areas of poverty to areas of affluence. Among its main icons are Newcastle Brown Ale, a leading brand of beer, Newcastle United F.C., a Premier League team, and the Tyne Bridge. It has hosted the world's most popular half marathon, the Great North Run, since it began in 1981.
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Northampton
Northamptoni/nɔrˈθæmptən/ is a large market town and local government district in the East Midlands region of England. Situated about 67 miles (108 km) north-west of London and around 50 miles (80 km) south-east of Birmingham, Northampton lies on the River Nene and is the county town of Northamptonshire. The demonym of Northampton is Northamptonian.
Original settlements in Northampton date back to the 6th century. Its modern development is largely due to its rapid population increase since the 1960s after a planned expansion occurred under the New Towns Commission in the early 1970s. In 2001, its urban area population was 197,199 while its town population was 189,474, making Northampton the 27th largest settlement in England, and the UK's 3rd largest town without official city status after Reading and Dudley. Northampton is the most populous district in England that is not a unitary authority, a status it failed to obtain in the 1990s local government reform.
Northampton has a history of the manufacture of boots and shoes yet engineering has taken over as a modern key industry; other industries include food processing, brewing, and the manufacture of shoe machinery, cosmetics, leather goods, and car accessories. At present, the major employers are public administration, financial services, and the distribution trade.
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Nottingham
Nottingham (i/ˈnɒtɪŋəm/ NOT-ing-əm) is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire and is one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group.
Nottingham is famed for its links with the legend of Robin Hood and, during the Industrial Revolution, obtained worldwide recognition for its lace-making, bicycle and tobacco industries. With origins tracable back to 600 AD, Nottingham was granted its city charter as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria in 1897 and has since been officially titled the City of Nottingham. The city has historically been nicknamed The Queen of the Midlands, being the smaller yet less industrialised regional neighbour to the Midlands biggest city, Birmingham. Nottingham is considered the primary centre of England's East Midlands region, being home to numerous regional headquarters and media stations including the BBC East Midlands and the Regional Government Office.
Whilst Nottingham has always had a tightly-drawn authority boundary, accounting for its relatively small population of 306,700, Nottingham's Urban Area has a population of approximately 670,000; in the 2001 census, it was the eighth largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Eurostat's concept of the Larger Urban Zone listed the area's population at 825,600 as of 2004.
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Ossett
Coordinates: 53°41′N 1°35′W / 53.68°N 1.58°W / 53.68; -01.58
Ossett ( /ˈɒsɨt/) is a market town within the metropolitan district of the City of Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England. It is located on junction 40 of the M1 motorway, half-way between Dewsbury, to the west, and Wakefield, to the east. In the 2001 census, it was classified as part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. The town is roughly half-way between the west and east coasts of England.
Ossett derives from the Anglo Saxon and is either "the fold of a man named Osla" or " a fold frequented by blackbirds". Ossett is sometimes misspelled as "Osset". In Ellis' On Early English Pronunciation, one of the founding works of British linguistics, the incorrect spelling is used. The British Library has an online dialect study that uses the spelling.
Ossett appears in the 1086 Domesday Book as "Osleset", which was in the Manor of Wakefield. The Domesday book was compiled for William the Conqueror in 1086. "Osleset" was recorded as three and a half Carucates which is the land needed to be ploughed by three teams of eight oxen. Woodland pasture measured "half a league long as much broad" (roughly six furlongs by six furlongs). Four villans and three bordars lived in Osleset, a villan was an upper status villager, a bordar was a lower status villager.
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Otley
Coordinates: 53°54′18″N 1°41′13″W / 53.905°N 1.687°W / 53.905; -1.687
Otley is a market town and civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, by the River Wharfe. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the town has a total resident population of 14,124. The town hosts Wharfedale General Hospital which serves the surrounding area.
Otley's name is derived from Othe, Otho or Otta, a Saxon personal name and leah, a woodland clearing in Old English. It was recorded as Ottanlege in 972 and Otelai or Othelia in the Domesday Book of 1086. The name Chevin has close parallels to the Welsh term Cefn meaning ridge and may be a survival of the ancient Cumbric language.
The town dates from Saxon times and was part of an extensive manor granted by Athelstan to the see of York. The Archbishops of York had a residence and were lords of the manor. Their palace was located on the site occupied by the Manor House. Otley is close to Leeds and may have formed part of the kingdom of Elmet. Remains of the Archbishop's Palace were found during the construction of St Joseph's School. The town grew in the first half of the 13th century when the archbishops laid out burgage plots to attract merchants and tradespeople. The burgage plots were on Boroughgate, Walkergate and Kirkgate. Bondgate was for tenants who did not have 'burgage' privileges. A leper hospital was founded on the road to Harewood beyond Cross Green.
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Otley Museum
Otley Museum is in the town of Otley, near Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. It holds a collection of objects, artefacts and documentary material relating to the development of Otley and the surrounding District since the prehistoric period. These include prehistoric stone tools and artefacts; an archaeological collection from the excavations of the Palace of the Archbishop of York at Otley; The Otley Printers' Engineers Collection; The Urban Development Archive, and an archive representing the Social History of Otley from the 18th Century onwards. The Otley Museum is independent, and managed and run entirely by volunteers.
Through early 2010, two rooms in the Otley Civic Centre housed the museum's eclectic collection of objects depicting the history of Otley and its surrounding District from prehistoric times through Anglo Saxon and Viking era, into the medieval period, and documenting its development from a rural community to a Victorian industrial town, and into the 20th century. When the museum had to vacate those rooms, these artefacts were placed in secure storage.
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Plymouth
Plymouthi/ˈplɪməθ/ is a city and unitary authority area on the south coast of Devon, England, about 190 miles (310 km) south-west of London. It is situated between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the City of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock, which are on the east side of the River Plym.
Plymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age, when its first settlement grew at Mount Batten. This settlement continued to grow as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until the more prosperous village of Sutton, the current Plymouth, surpassed it. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers left Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony – the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646.
Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a major commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, while the neighbouring town of Devonport grew as an important Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town. In 1914 the three neighbouring and independent towns, viz., the county borough of Plymouth, the county borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough. The new, merged town took the name of Plymouth which, in 1928, achieved city status. The city's naval importance later led to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt.
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Pontefract
Coordinates: 53°41′17″N 1°18′36″W / 53.688°N 1.310°W / 53.688; -1.310
Pontefract is a historic market town in West Yorkshire, England, traditionally in the West Riding, near the A1 (or Great North Road), the M62 motorway and Castleford. It is one of the five towns in the metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield and has a population of 28,250. Pontefract's motto is Post mortem patris pro filio, Latin for "After the death of the father, support the son", a reference to English Civil War Royalist sympathies.
"Pontefract" originates from the Latin for "broken bridge", formed of the elements pons ('bridge') and fractus ('broken'). Pontefract was not recorded in the Domesday Book, but was noted as Pontefracto in 1090, four years after the Domesday survey. There is a theory that the bridge alluded to was one which crossed Wash Dike, a small stream on the north-eastern edge of Pontefract, running alongside what is now Bondgate (the modern-day A645). It would have been important in the town's early days, providing access between Pontefract and other settlements to the north and east, such as York.
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Potternewton
Potternewton is a suburb and parish of north-east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, situated between Chapeltown and Chapel Allerton, mainly in the LS7 postcode and partly in LS8. It is between Scott Hall Road on the West and Roundhay Road on the East, with Harehills Lane on the North. The main thoroughfare is Chapeltown Road, and it is often taken to be part of a larger area referred to as Chapeltown. On some maps Potternewton included the Chapeltown and Scott Hall areas and partly Harehills.
There is overlap between the areas referred to as Chapeltown and Potternewton so that they can be two names for the same area. Potternewton is an historic village and most maps prioritise the name Potternewton over Chapeltown, but most residents of Leeds refer to the area as Chapeltown. Transport Direct uses both names, defining them as separate areas, but Potternewton is defined as a very small area around the north of Scott Hall Road and most of the area is classified as Chapeltown.
As said above, Potternewton is mainly recognised as a small area, possibly an estate of Meanwood, around the Scott Hall Road/ Potternewton Lane roundabout likely because the local roads begin with "Potternewton" in their name. WYMetro and Transport Direct also identify the area as being in this location. Potternewton Lane is frequently served by bus service 7. Millfield primary school, formerly known as Potternewton primary, is located on Potternewton Mount. Upon being renamed, the school received more pupils due to the nearby Miles Hill school being shut down and demolished. Sugarwell hill mill is also found here.
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Pudsey
Coordinates: 53°47′49″N 1°39′47″W / 53.797°N 1.663°W / 53.797; -1.663
Pudsey is a market town in West Yorkshire, England. Once an independent town, it was incorporated into the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds in 1974, and is located midway between Bradford and Leeds city centres. It has a population of 32,391.
Pudsey constitutes the areas of Fartown, Troydale, Littlemoor, Lowtown, Uppermoor and Chapeltown. There is also the village of Fulneck, the nearby settlements of Farsley and Calverley, the districts of Stanningley and Swinnow, and part of the districts of Rodley and Tyersal.
Although the town centre of Pudsey is in the LS28 postcode area, parts of it are in the LS13 postcode area, and also in the Bradford postcode areas of BD3 and BD4.
Most of Pudsey's phone numbers use the 0113 Leeds prefix, although some houses towards the Thornbury direction use the 01274 Bradford prefix.
Pudsey has given its name to "Pudsey Bear", the mascot of the BBC's annual fundraising marathon Children in Need. It also lends its name to the local parliamentary constituency of Pudsey, of which it is a part.
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Ripon
Coordinates: 54°08′17″N 1°31′25″W / 54.13796°N 1.52365°W / 54.13796; -1.52365
Ripon is a cathedral city, market town and successor parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located at the confluence of two streams of the River Ure in the form of the Laver and Skell. The city is noted for its main feature the Ripon Cathedral which is architecturally significant, as well as the Ripon Racecourse and other features such as its market. The city itself is just over 1,300 years old.
The city was originally known as Inhrypum and was founded by Saint Wilfrid during the time of Angle kingdom Northumbria, a period during which it enjoyed prominence in terms of religious importance in Great Britain. After a period of Viking control, it passed to the Cerdic dynasty who unified England and then the Normans who destroyed much of the city. After a brief period of building projects under the Plantagenets, the city emerged with a prominent wool and cloth industry. Ripon became well known for its production of spurs during the 16th and 17th century, but would later remain largely unaffected by the Industrial Revolution.
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Ripon Cathedral
Ripon Cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Ripon and Leeds and the mother church of the Diocese of Ripon and Leeds, situated in the small North Yorkshire city of Ripon, England.
A church on the site is thought to date from 672, when it is believed to have been the second stone building erected in the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria[citation needed]. The crypt dates from this period.
People have been coming to worship and pray at Ripon for more than 1,350 years. The Cathedral building itself is part of this continuing act of worship, begun in the 7th century when Saint Wilfrid built one of England’s first stone churches on this site, and still renewed every day. Within the nave and choir, you can see the evidence of 800 years in which master craftsmen have expressed their faith in wood and stone.
Today’s church is the fourth to have stood on this site. Saint Wilfrid brought stonemasons, plasterers and glaziers from France and Italy to build his great basilica in AD 672. A contemporary account by Eddius Stephanus tells us:
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River Aire
The River Aire is a major river in Yorkshire, England, 71 miles (114 km) in length. Part of the river is canalised, and is known as the Aire and Calder Navigation.
The Aire rises at Malham Tarn, flowing underground to Aire Head, near Malham, in North Yorkshire, and then flows through Gargrave and Skipton. After Cononley, the river enters West Yorkshire where it passes through the former industrial areas of Keighley, Bingley, Saltaire and Shipley. It then passes through Leeds and on to the villages of Swillington and Woodlesford. At Castleford is the confluence of the Aire and Calder; just downstream of the confluence was the ford where the ancient British road, used by the Romans, crossed on its way north to York. The river re-enters North Yorkshire near Knottingley and in its lower reaches forms part of the boundary between North Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire.
The River Aire empties into the River Ouse at Airmyn, 'myn' being an old English word for 'river mouth'. The name possibly derived from Brythonic *Isara, meaning "strong river". The Aire could have been the winwœd or winwæd written about in Old English, from the Old English elements winnan or win ("strife", "fight") and wæd ("shallow water", "ford"), however others have proposed that it is actually the Went (also called the "wynt" in Old English) or the Cock Beck (see Battle of the Winwaed). Still others have claimed that it is actually the name of the battle and not the body of water itself.
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River Wharfe
The River Wharfe is a river in Yorkshire, England. For much of its length it is the county boundary between West Yorkshire and North Yorkshire. The name Wharfe is Celtic and means "twisting, winding".
The valley of the River Wharfe is known as Wharfedale. The river source is at Beckermonds, Langstrothdale in the Yorkshire Dales National Park and flows through Kettlewell, Grassington, Bolton Abbey, Addingham, Ilkley, Burley-in-Wharfedale, Otley, Wetherby and Tadcaster. It then flows into the River Ouse near Cawood. The section of the river from its source to around Addingham is known as Upper Wharfedale and has a very different character to the river downstream.
The river is approximately 97 km long before it joins the River Ouse. It is a public navigation from the weir at Tadcaster to its junction with the River Ouse near Cawood and tidal from Ulleskelf.
The river source is the confluence of Oughtershaw Beck and Green Field Beck in Langstrothdale near Beckermonds. It flows east and south east taking the flows from many small streams, whose sources are the shake holes from Yockenthwaite Moor on the north bank and Horse Head Moor on the south bank. After Hubberholme, the river flows south past Buckden and Starbotton and then south east past Kettlewell before flowing south again. Near Conistone are the gentle waterfalls of Scar Lash. Shortly before reaching Grassington, the river turns south east over Linton Falls. South of Appletreewick, the river flows south west for a short distance until it reaches Gill Beck and returns southward. To the north of Bolton Bridge, the river narrows and goes over waterfalls in an area known as The Strid. The river winds south and south east towards Ilkley where it heads east through Otley and Collingham. It briefly flows north to Wetherby before turning south and then south east past Ulleskelf to the confluence with the River Ouse.
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Rodillian School
Coordinates: 53°43′50″N 1°30′09″W / 53.73069°N 1.50237°W / 53.73069; -1.50237
Rodillian School is a mixed Comprehensive School located in Lofthouse, West Yorkshire, England. The school has around 1,337 students aged between 11 and 18. The school has Specialist Arts College Status. The school's full name is Rodillian School: South Leeds Performing Arts College.
The school was originally built in 1933 as Rothwell Grammar School to serve the needs of children in Rothwell and the surrounding areas. In 2008 it moved into a state of the art £27 million building.
In February 2008 Ofsted Inspectors ordered a Notice to Improve due to the school receiving Overall Grade 4 (Inadequate) from Inspectors. In a recent Inspection 2008, Inspectors found the school had improved in all areas required and called for a continuation of the improvements stating "They could not have done any more to improve the school in the time available."
In September 2008, Rodillian moved to a newly built School as part of the Leeds BSF Project. At the new school are lecture theatres, a large library, sporting facilities including fitness centres, and gyms, dance halls and PE classrooms. Part of the new build is a Children's Centre that allows for the use the school's sporting and educational facilities by children up to five years of age.
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Romania
Romania (i/roʊˈmeɪniə/ roh-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Roumania; or Rumania;Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] ( listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and Moldova to the northeast and east, and Bulgaria to the south.
At 238,400 square kilometers (92,000 sq mi), Romania is the ninth largest country of the European Union by area, and has the seventh largest population of the European Union with over 19 million people. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, the tenth largest city in the EU with about two million people.
The Kingdom of Romania emerged when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united under Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza in 1859. Independence from the Ottoman Empire was declared on 9 May 1877, and was internationally recognized the following year. At the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of Romania. Greater Romania emerged into an era of progression and prosperity that would continue until World War II. By the end of the War, many north-eastern areas of Romania's territories were occupied by the Soviet Union, and Romania forcibly became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact.
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Rotterdam
Rotterdam (
/ˈrɒtərdæm/; Dutch [ˌrɔ.tər.ˈdɑm] ( listen)) is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam constructed in 1270 on the Rotte River, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre. Its strategic location at the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta on the North Sea and at the heart of a massive rail, road, air and inland waterway distribution system extending throughout Europe is the reason that Rotterdam is often called the "Gateway to Europe".
Located in the Province of South Holland, Rotterdam is found in the west of the Netherlands and at the south end of the Randstad. The population of the city proper was 616,250 on February 1st 2012. The population of the greater Rotterdam area, called "Rotterdam-Rijnmond" or just "Rijnmond", is around 1.3 million people. Rotterdam is one of Europe's most vibrant, multicultural cities. The city is known for its university (Erasmus), its cutting-edge architecture, its lively cultural life, its striking riverside setting, its maritime heritage and the Rotterdam Blitz.
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Roundhay
Coordinates: 53°49′52″N 1°29′49″W / 53.831000°N 1.497000°W / 53.831000; -1.497000
Roundhay is a large suburb and City Council ward of north-east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, largely within the LS8 postcode. The ward boundary is the A6120 ring road on the north and the A58 Wetherby Road on the south and east. The boundary follows Gledhow Valley Road to the west before heading north-east to the A6120. The ward includes Gledhow and Oakwood, which are often considered distinct suburbs. Adjacent wards are Alwoodley and Harewood to the north, Moortown to the west, Chapel Allerton to the south-west, Gipton and Harehills to the south, and Killingbeck and Seacroft to the south-east. On the north-east boundary is Shadwell, part of the Cross Gates and Whinmoor ward.
Roundhay derives from Rond-haeg, a round hunting enclosure or deer park. The Roundhay estate map of 1803 showed its circular shape. It does not appear in the Domesday Book of 1086, but seems to have been formed soon afterwards, the first mention being in about 1153. It was formerly a hunting park for the De Lacy family of Pontefract Castle. Coal and iron ore were mined and a smelting furnace was recorded in 1295. Once these were exhausted (and woodland had been cleared for fuel) the area turned to farming. Roundhay was a hamlet until 1803 when the park estate was bought by Thomas Nicholson who started a programme of landscaping and built the Mansion House. Housing was built for workers and more land sold on which other gentry built houses.
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Seacroft
Coordinates: 53°49′20″N 1°27′36″W / 53.8222°N 1.4599°W / 53.8222; -1.4599
Seacroft is an outer-city suburb consisting mainly of council estate housing covering an extensive area of east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Leeds city centre and lies in the LS14 Leeds postcode area. The area's population is 18,000 and includes one of the largest council estates in the country. The name is often used as a catch-all for Seacroft and the neighbouring areas of Whinmoor and Swarcliffe, other large east Leeds council estates which merge into each other.
Seacroft is Yorkshire's second largest council estate, after Bransholme in Kingston upon Hull. Being so large it has often been referred to as a town. The original vision, envisaged by the council was that it would be a 'Town within the City Limits', and the Seacroft Civic Centre, was often referred to as the 'Seacroft Town Centre'.
Seacroft was at one time a small village between Leeds and York. The village green, known as "The Green" still exists, and is one of the oldest in the country with the stretch of land being mentioned in the Domesday Book. It has the pub, the Cricketers Arms on the North side and the parish Church (St James, built 1845, architect T Hellyer) on the South side. John Wesley preached on The Green, and as a result a Wesleyan Chapel (Methodist Church) was built close by.
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Seacroft Hospital
Seacroft Hospital is based in York Road in the area of Seacroft, Leeds, LS14 West Yorkshire, England and is operated by the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. The hospital was founded in 1904, originally to care for people with infectious diseases. It celebrated its centenary on 29 September 2004. By the entrance is a local landmark, a clock tower (Grade II listed building) which is also a water tower,holding 28000 gallons of water. The hospital is now a major centre for ambulatory care services. In June 2006 the Seacroft Specialist Rehabilitation Centre opened there. The hospital also has renal dialysis facilities.
Many of the buildings are in a poor state of repair and the health authority are considering selling off the older parts of the hospital for redevelopment.
The hospital has been noted for its unique and positive use of the Nintendo video game Wii Fit to assist patients with prosthetic limb in learning how to use them effectively.
In September 2002 a state of the art catering unit was built on the site, The Receipt And Distribution Unit, RADU it was opened by TV Celebrity chef Brian Turner. It provides over 3,000 patients meals twice daily 365 days a year, to all the main hospitals in the Leeds area: these are supplemented by any special dietary needs plus daily bread and milk. In October 2002 Loyd Grossman and a team of leading chefs designed "leading chef" dishes for the menu.
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Sheepscar
Sheepscar is an inner city district of Leeds in West Yorkshire England, lying to the north east of Leeds city centre. It is overlooked by the tower blocks of Little London and Lovell Park to the west, and gives way to Meanwood in the north-west, Chapeltown in the north-east and Burmantofts in the east.
Clay Pit Lane, effectively an urban motorway, runs through Sheepscar to the south, while Scott Hall Road makes up the eastern border. The area consists of complex road junctions, Penraevon Industrial Estate and a number of warehouses thanks to the impressive transport links attractive to haulage companies. There are a number of upmarket showrooms such as Mini, BMW and Volvo.
The former public library building survives, and is the Leeds base for the West Yorkshire Archive Service.
Throughout the winter months, Sheepscar is notable for its large gasholder. This is completely invisible throughout the summer as its storage tank is below ground. The second and older spiral guided gasholder was removed some years ago. Sheepscar gasholder station is the only one in Leeds never to have been used as a Gas Works.
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Sheffield
Sheffieldi/ˈʃɛfiːld/ is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is 555,500 (2010 est.) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
During the 19th century, Sheffield gained an international reputation for steel production. Many innovations were developed locally, including crucible and stainless steel, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population during the Industrial Revolution. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in traditional local industries during the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area.
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Silsden
Coordinates: 53°54′50″N 1°56′13″W / 53.914°N 1.937°W / 53.914; -1.937
Silsden is a town and civil parish situated in West Yorkshire, England. It lies on the northern slope of the Aire Valley between Keighley and Skipton. It is about 0.6 miles (1 km) from the river. Along the lower edge of the town is the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The town has a population of 7,999.
Silsden was mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book (Siglesdene) as the most important village in Craven.
Generally an agricultural area, industry came with the canal and the Industrial Revolution. The town hosted a number of mills none of which now operate in their original form. There is still industry in the town, some in old mill buildings and some in a new industrial estate between the town and the river. The town retains some manufacturing.
In 1911 there was a riot in Silsden when the locals attacked the police station. A very unpopular policeman had been too enthusiastic in his duties. Questions were raised in the House of Commons and it was reported in the national press. The policeman was removed from the town and no more trouble occurred. During the 1940s a hostel was built where the fire station now stands on Elliot Street to house the refugees and PoW from various countries and various camps. In 1998 a hoard of 27 gold coins dating back to the 1st century AD were found in the town and subsequently valued at £20,000 by experts appointed by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport.
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Sky Plaza
Sky Plaza (also known as The Plaza Tower) is a 103-metre (338 ft) tower block, in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is the second phase of a development in Leeds city centre, consisting of 572 student apartments. It was the worlds tallest student accommodation building until the completion of Nido Spitalfields in 2010 and whilst not the tallest building in Leeds, its roof is the highest point in the city as it is built on high ground. It can be seen from as far as 25miles (40km) from most areas.
The original planning application was an approved 26 storey scheme which was altered into the 37 storey tower. The design was submitted by Carey Jones Architects and the main contractor on site will be Shepherd Construction. Work on the foundations began in May 2007, with a completion date of 2009.
The tower crane was being lowered on 24 February 2009 and the portable crane took down the rest of the tower crane on 1 March 2009.
Owen Hatherley, writing in The Guardian, is critical of the building's design, describing it as the "tackiest" example of "pseudomodernist" architecture in the UK.
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Skyrack
Skyrack was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was split into upper and lower divisions and centred on Leeds. The Lower Division included the parishes of Aberford, Bardsey, Barwick-in-Elmet, Kippax, Thorner, Whitkirk and part of Harewood, while the Upper Division included the parishes of Adel, Bingley, Guiseley and parts of Harewood, Ilkley and Otley.
The Skyrack wapentake derives its name from a large oak that grew for centuries within Headingley, Leeds. It is believed that the word "skyrack" comes from the Old English phrase - 'Scir ac' meaning "Shire Oak" under which meetings were held. The Oak finally collapsed in 1941. There is a small plaque to commemorate it on the outside of the garden wall of the Original Oak pub. It also gives its name to the Skyrack pub which is located opposite to the Original Oak.
From 1959-1971, science fiction fan Ron Bennett of Harrogate published a well-known science fiction fanzine titled Skyrack.
For some time there was a weekly free newspaper in Leeds titled The Skyrack Express, affiliated with the Wakefield Express.
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South Africa
Coordinates: 30°S 25°E / 30°S 25°E / -30; 25
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces and has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline. To the north of the country lie the neighbouring territories of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an enclave surrounded by South African territory.
South Africa is multi-ethnic and has diverse cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognised in the constitution. Two of these languages are of European origin: South African English and Afrikaans, a language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and Coloured South Africans. Though English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language. All ethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentary republic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.
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South Elmsall
Coordinates: 53°35′45″N 1°16′21″W / 53.595900°N 1.272603°W / 53.595900; -1.272603
South Elmsall pronounced "south em-sull" is a small town and civil parish to the east of Hemsworth in the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England. It is on the B6422 and B6474 (which leads to North Elmsall and Upton).
It neighbours South Kirkby, and the two towns are often grouped together as one town. It is difficult to know where one stops and the other begins.[citation needed] The town is close to the southern boundary of West Yorkshire, and is 1 mile (1.6 km) from the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in South Yorkshire. The A638 Doncaster to Wakefield road runs close to the north of the town, which leads to junction 38 of the A1(M) 3 miles (4.8 km) to the south-east. It now has its own bypass which links the A1 to the Hemsworth Bypass providing excellent transport links towards Barnsley and South Yorkshire. The town has a population of 6,107.
South Elmsall is served by rail, the nearest stations being South Elmsall railway station itself and Moorthorpe railway station; the two stations being less than one mile apart.
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Southampton
Southamptoni/saʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 120 kilometres (75 mi) south-west of London and 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The local authority is Southampton City Council, which is a unitary authority.
The city represents the core of the Greater Southampton region, and the city itself has an estimated population of 239,700 Southampton combines with Portsmouth to form a single metropolitan area; with a population of over a million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.
Significant employers in Southampton include the University of Southampton, Southampton Airport, the Ford Transit factory, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more recently a number of the largest cruise ships in the world.
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Sowerby Bridge
Coordinates: 53°42′N 1°55′W / 53.70°N 1.91°W / 53.70; -1.91
Sowerby Bridge is a market town that lies within the Upper Calder Valley in the district of Calderdale in the county of West Yorkshire, in northern England.
Sowerby Bridge is situated on the edge of Halifax, about three miles from its centre. It is at the confluence of the River Calder and River Ryburn, and the name Sowerby Bridge references the area's use as a crossing point over the River Calder to the older settlement at Sowerby.
The town had a population of 9,948 at the 2001 Census.
From 1892 to 1930 home of Pollit & Wigzell ltd a prominent manufacturer of quality stationary steam engines used in the cotton and woollen mills of Yorkshire, Lancashire and India.
The Wood Brothers an engineering and millwright company also produced engines from their Valley Iron Works. The Markfield Beam Engine is an example for their work.
There are two high schools in Sowerby Bridge.
The town is served by Sowerby Bridge railway station, which sees a regular service to Manchester, Bradford and Leeds on the Caldervale Line.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (i/ʃriː ˈlɑːŋkə/, /sriːˈlɑːŋkə/, or /sriːˈlæŋkə/;Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකාව, Tamil: இலங்கை), is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. Known until 1972 as Ceylon ( /sɨˈlɒn/, /seɪˈlɒn/, or /siːˈlɒn/), Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the Maldives.
As a result of its location in the path of major sea routes, Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia. It was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road. Sri Lanka has also been a center of the Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times, being the nation where the Buddhist teachings were first written down as well as the oldest continually Buddhist country. Sri Lanka boasts a diverse range of cultures, languages and religions. The Sinhalese people form the majority of the population; Tamils, who are concentrated in the north and east of the island, form the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include Moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays and the aboriginal Vedda people.
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Stockholm
Stockholm (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈstɔkːˈhɔlm, ˈstɔkːˈɔlm, ˈstɔkːɔlm]( listen to the second one)) is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 864,324 in the municipality (2010), 1.4 million in the urban area (2010), and around 2.1 million in the 6,519 km2 (2,517.00 sq mi) metropolitan area (2010). As of 2010, the Stockholm metropolitan area is home to approximately 22% of Sweden's population.
Founded no later than c. 1250, possibly as early as 1187, Stockholm has long been one of Sweden's cultural, media, political, and economic centres. Its strategic location on 14 islands on the south-central east coast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago, has been historically important. Stockholm has been nominated by GaWC as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha-. In The 2008 Global Cities Index, Stockholm ranked 24th in the world, 10th in Europe, and first in Scandinavia. Stockholm is known for its beauty, its buildings and architecture, its abundant clean and open water, and its many parks. It is sometimes referred to as Venice of the North.
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Swarcliffe
Coordinates: 53°49′12″N 1°26′53″W / 53.820°N 1.448°W / 53.820; -1.448
Swarcliffe, originally the Swarcliffe Estate, is a district of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is 4.9 miles (8 km) east of Leeds city centre, and within the LS14 Leeds postcode area.
In the 1950s, the Swarcliffe housing estate was developed by the city council which built two and three-bedroomed semi-detached council houses, a number of three-storey blocks containing 12 flats or more, and three brick-built nine-storey blocks of flats. Two of the blocks of flats were demolished in the 1990s and an old people's home was built on the site. In 2007, the remaining block was demolished. The previous year, six of seven fifteen-storey high-rise blocks of flats, built in 1966 as part of the Whinmoor estate, were demolished.
Swarcliffe is served by Swarcliffe Primary School and Nursery, Grimes Dyke Primary School and St. Gregory’s Youth & Adult Centre. Stanks Fire Station provides a service to more than 42,452 people. Swarcliffe has a dwindling number of public houses and shops. Great and Little Swarcliffe Woods lie within the boundaries of the estate.
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Temple Newsam
Temple Newsam (historically Temple Newsham, in legend Templestowe) (grid reference SE357322) is a Tudor-Jacobean house with grounds landscaped by Capability Brown, in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The estate lies to the east of the city, just south of Halton Moor, Halton, Whitkirk and Colton.
Temple Newsam is also the name of an electoral ward for Leeds City Council, which includes the areas of Halton Moor, Halton, Whitkirk, Colton and Austhorpe.
In the Domesday Book the property is known as Neuhusam and was owned by Ilbert de Lacy. Before that it had been owned by Dunstan and Glunier, Anglo-Saxon thanes. Around 1155 it was given to the Knights Templar. In 1307 the Templars were suppressed and in 1377 by royal decree the estate reverted to Sir Philip Darcy. Between 1500 and 1520 a Tudor country house, Temple Newsam House, was built on the site. It has been described by some as "the Hampton Court of the North". It has also been spelled "Newsham" in the past.
In 1537 Darcy was executed for the part he played in the Pilgrimage of Grace and the property was seized by the Crown. In 1544 Henry VIII gave it to his niece Margaret, Countess of Lennox and her husband Matthew Stuart, Earl of Lennox. Their son Henry, Lord Darnley was born in the house in 1545. Darnley married Mary, Queen of Scots, and Temple Newsam was again seized by the Crown in 1565. In 1603 James I granted it to his relative Ludovic, Duke of Lennox. In 1622 the estate was bought by Sir Arthur Ingram for £12,000. During the next 20 years the mansion was rebuilt, incorporating some of the previous house in the west wing.
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Temple Works
Temple Works is a former flax mill in Holbeck, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It was designed by Joseph Bonomi the Younger and built by John Marshall between 1836 and 1840. Temple Works is the only Grade I listed building in Holbeck.
Temple Works, also known as Temple Mill, was based on the Temple of Horus at Edfu in Egypt with a chimney designed in the style of an obelisk. Marshall's inspiration for the design of Temple Works was his interest in Egyptology. When it was built it was said that Temple Works was the biggest single room in the world. An unusual feature of the Temple Works building is that sheep used to graze on the grass-covered roof. This served the purpose of retaining humidity in the flax mill to prevent the linen thread from becoming dried out and unmanageable.
A planning application dated July 2005 proposed to partly demolish, refurbish, and extend the mill to form a retail centre, offices, cafes, 75 flats and parking. On 8 December 2008 a stone pillar in the mill's facade collapsed. A slab of millstone grit fell onto the pavement in Marshall Street and the roof parapet above the pillar bowed out.English Heritage advised on a strategy for repairs; their spokesman said that the building was "probably the finest example of a carved stone elevation in the whole region."
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Tempo FM
Tempo FM is the local radio station for Wetherby, West Yorkshire as well as for surrounding villages and Leeds districts. The radio station mainly plays easy listening music.
The radio station commenced broadcasting on 107.4MHz on 11 September 2006 in Wetherby, West Yorkshire by Bob Preedy. The station plays easy listening music, during weekdays with specialist recorded programmes during the evenings. A wide range of music is played at weekends and Bank Holidays presented by many local presenters. The radio station is funded partly by advertising, supplemented by donations and grants. The current head of music is Stuart Robinson, who is also a member of the management team comprising:- Alan Everard, William Baker, George Watts and Mike Davison.
The current licence period expires on 10 September 2016.
The station is based at the Engine Shed, Wetherby. It covers Wetherby, Boston Spa, Collingham, Tadcaster, and Harewood, the station can in many places be picked up in the neighbouring county of North Yorkshire.
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Thackray Museum
Coordinates: 53°48′29″N 1°31′06″W / 53.80806°N 1.51833°W / 53.80806; -1.51833 The Thackray Museum in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England is a museum of the history of medicine adjacent to St James's Hospital. Since it opened in 1997 it has won "Museum of the Year" and other awards.
The building is a Grade II listed building, the former Leeds Union Workhouse, built in 1858 to accommodate 784 paupers. By the end of the 19th century, the buildings had become largely used for medical care of the poor, rather than workhouse and training. During the First World War it was called the East Leeds War Hospital, caring for armed services personnel.
Highlights include Leeds 1842: Life in Victorian Leeds: visitors walk through a reproduction of slum streets complete with authentic sights, sounds and smells and are invited to follow the lives, ailments and treatments of eight Victorian characters, making the choices that determine their survival amongst the rats, fleas and bedbugs. Pain, Pus and Blood describes surgery before anaesthesia, and how pain relief progressed and Having a Baby focuses on developments in safety for childbirth. Hannah Dyson's Ordeal is a video reconstruction of 1842 surgery, before anaesthetics were in use: visitors watch as a surgeon, his assistant and a group of trainee doctors prepare for Hannah Dyson’s operation - the amputation of her leg after it was crushed in a mill accident. (The actual operation is not seen in the reconstruction.) The Life Zone is an interactive children's gallery, looking at how the human body works, with a smaller room for the under-fives. There is a temporary exhibition gallery. The museum also houses the skeleton of Mary Bateman, the "Yorkshire Witch", who was executed for witchcraft in 1809.
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The Chevin
The Chevin is the name given to the ridge on the south side of Wharfedale in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, overlooking the market town of Otley.
The Chevin is largely covered in attractive old woodland and heathland. It is a part of the Carboniferous Millstone Grit group. A Roman road ran along the top of the Chevin, part of the road that linked Eboracum (York), Calcaria (Tadcaster) and Olicana (Ilkley), perhaps on the same route as the modern road, Yorkgate, or perhaps about 800m to the south.
The highest point of the Chevin, Surprise View, reaches 282 metres (925 ft) at grid reference SE204442. This point offers extensive views of Otley and Wharfedale, and has an adjacent car park. It is the site of a beacon, and a cross is erected at Easter.
The name comes from the Brythonic 'Cefyn', 'Cefn' or 'Cefu' meaning a 'ridge', or 'ridge of high land'. The root name informs other hills, such as The Cheviot in Northumberland, and the Cévennes in France.
The chevin has also been voted an area of outstanding natural beauty. As a result buildings in Otley are unable to change their use (e.g., a pub cannot become a house).
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The Leeds Studios
The Leeds Studios also known as the Yorkshire Television Studios or YTV Studios is a television production complex on Kirkstall Road in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. ITV plc had proposed to close the studios in 2009, however later in the year had a change of mind and instead decided to refit them as high definition studios.
The Leeds Studios are the home of Yorkshire Television and is now owned by ITV plc. As well as being the main studios for Yorkshire Television, the buildings also act as administrative headquarters for ITV Yorkshire, although smaller offices in Sheffield and Kingston upon Hull are also used.
ITV programmes produced there include: 3-2-1, My Parents Are Aliens, Where the Heart Is, The Royal, Heartbeat, Wire in the Blood, Bruce's Price is Right and A Touch of Frost. Countdown was regularly made for Channel 4 here until April 2009 (when it moved to The Manchester Studios) as was Win My Wage, a new gameshow for Channel 4 made by independent company Hotbed Media in 2007. The studios were also home to Through the Keyhole, (which began as a YTV production on ITV, but was later made by David Frost's company Paradine Productions for Sky1 and the BBC) and were used for the interior shots on hit comedy The League of Gentlemen and medical drama Bodies (both for the BBC). The revived Bullseye on Challenge was also recorded at the Leeds Studios as was the 2006 series of Mastermind, due to the closure of The Manchester Studios for the removal of asbestos at the time.
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The New Penny
Coordinates: 53°47′42″N 1°32′28″W / 53.795°N 1.541°W / 53.795; -1.541
The New Penny is a Gay pub in The Calls area of Leeds, West Yorkshire.
It is reported to be the oldest (Longest continually running) gay pub in the UK. The Pub first started as the Hope And Anchor in 1953. Although difficulty with the law meant it was a secretive place it was the first gay venue to open outside of London. It is thought that it is the longest continually running gay venue in the UK.
After a change of ownership the pub changed its name in 1982 and became The New Penny.
Currently with a Late night license the pub has seen some of the best known Drag Queens appear on its stage including Lily Savage, Anna Glypta, Fats and Small, Sisters Slim, Amber Dextrous, Miss Orry, Ricky Glass and many more. It is still one of the most popular venues in Leeds attracting both a mixed gay crowd and straights.
The New Penny regained popularity when drinking laws were relaxed to allow a later licence, usually meaning it is the last venue to close its doors at weekends on the Leeds gay scene. It is also annually involved in the Leeds Pride event.
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The White Rose Way
The White Rose Way is a 104 miles (167 km) walking trail in England from Leeds, West Yorkshire to Scarborough, North Yorkshire. It was created in 2011 by local author Paul Brown. The walk starts at the foot of the Black Prince Statue in Leeds City Square with the finish line being at the harbour-side Tourist Information Centre in the South Bay, Scarborough.
The walk links existing trails with little used footpaths, passing through suburbs of Leeds to quickly enter linked park land and into the grounds of Harewood House. The Wharfe Valley follows, leading to the market town of Wetherby, and on to the agricultural plains of the Vale of York via Boston Spa and Tadcaster. The walk passes through Fulford and Kexby and up the River Derwent into Stamford Bridge. The Derwent Valley is followed in to Malton and Thornton le Dale. The North York Moors National Park is traversed through Wykeham and Dalby Forest to the hamlet of Harwood Dale. The walk pushes on to Cloughton before following the Cleveland Way for the last few miles in to Scarborough.
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Todmorden
Coordinates: 53°42′47″N 2°05′46″W / 53.713°N 2.096°W / 53.713; -2.096
Todmorden is a market town and civil parish, located 17 miles from Manchester, within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England. It forms part of the Upper Calder Valley and has a total population of 14,941.
Todmorden town centre occupies the confluence of three steep-sided Pennine valleys, which constrict the shape of the town. Todmorden is surrounded by moorlands with occasional outcrops of gritstone sandblasted by winds.
The historic county boundary between Yorkshire and Lancashire is marked by the River Calder and its tributary, the Walsden Water, which runs through the centre of the town. The administrative border was altered by the Local Government Act 1888 placing the whole of the town within the West Riding, whereby today all of Todmorden lies within West Yorkshire.
The town is served by Todmorden railway station and Walsden railway station.
The town's name is subject to a variety of pronunciations. The Longman Pronunciation Dictionary lists /ˈtɒdmədən/ as the most common, and /ˈtɒdmɔːdən/ as a common alternative. Locally, some may also use a rhotic pronunciation, /ˈtɒdmərdən/. The traditional dialectal pronunciation is /tɔːmdɪn/, although to many people living in the town and surrounding area, the place is also called "Tod".
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Tower of London
Coordinates: 51°30′29″N 0°4′34″W / 51.50806°N 0.07611°W / 51.50806; -0.07611
Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078, and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison since at least 1100, although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard the Lionheart, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.
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Tower Works
Coordinates: 53°47′35″N 1°33′11″W / 53.793°N 1.553°W / 53.793; -1.553 Tower Works is a former factory notable for its three listed towers. It is located on Globe Road in Holbeck, Leeds, West Yorkshire, next to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The Italianate towers of the factory are a distinctive landmark on the Leeds skyline.
The factory was founded by T.R. Harding to make steel pins for carding and combing in the textile industry, and the original buildings, by Thomas Shaw, were erected in 1864-6. Harding's son, Colonel Thomas Harding, employed William Bakewell to extend the works in 1899. The design of the extension was heavily influenced by Harding's love of Italian architecture and art.
The most notable features of Tower Works are the three towers that give it its name and served for dust extraction from the factory. The largest and most ornate tower (1899, by Bakewell) is based on Giotto's Campanile in Florence. The smaller ornate tower (1866, by Shaw) is styled after the Torre dei Lamberti in Verona. A third plain tower, built as part of Harding's final phase of expansion in 1919, is thought to represent a Tuscan tower house such as can be seen in San Gimignano. All three towers are listed structures, the two ornate towers being Grade II* and the plain tower Grade II.
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Trafford Centre
The Trafford Centre is a large indoor shopping centre and leisure complex in Dumplington, Greater Manchester. Situated in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, the Trafford Centre is situated close to the Trafford Park industrial estate and lies approximately five miles west of Manchester city centre. The centre is the largest shopping centre in the United Kingdom by overall size (including leisure and dining space) and the second largest in the UK by retail size. The Trafford Centre was sold by The Peel Group to CSC in 2011 for £1.65 billion, the largest property acquisition in British history.
The site was owned by the Manchester Ship Canal Company until 1986, when the company was acquired by John Whittaker of Peel Holdings, who had planned to build an out-of-town shopping centre. The planning process was one of the longest and most expansive in the history of the United Kingdom; concerns surrounded the effect the shopping centre might have on retailers in the smaller towns and villages in the Greater Manchester conurbation and potential traffic problems caused by the centre's proximity to the M60 motorway. Ultimately the matter was decided by the House of Lords in 1996, which voted in favour of the development.
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Trans Pennine Trail
The Trans Pennine Trail is a long-distance path running from coast to coast across northern England entirely on surfaced paths and using only gentle gradients (it runs largely along disused railway lines and canal towpaths). It forms part of European walking route E8 and is part of the National Cycle Network.
The surface and gradients make it a relatively easy trail, suitable for cyclists, pushchairs and wheelchair users. Some parts are also open to horse riding.
The trail is administered from a central office in Barnsley, which is responsible for promotion and allocation of funding. However, the twenty-seven local authorities whose areas the trail runs through are responsible for management of the trail within their boundaries.
The idea originated from Barnsley, where the head office is now based. Work on the Trail started in 1999. Early development was boosted by a £5-million-pound investment by the Millennium Commission. The trail was officially opened in September 2001. However, the route was not fully completed until late 2004. It cost £60 million pounds to construct.
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Trinity Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′49″N 1°32′42″W / 53.797°N 1.545°W / 53.797; -1.545
Trinity Leeds is a major shopping and leisure development in Leeds, England, currently under construction. The centre takes its name from the eighteenth-century Holy Trinity Church, Leeds, which the development surrounds on two sides. It is split into two parts: Trinity East, an entirely new build development on the site of the former Trinity & Burton Arcades, and Trinity West occupying the redeveloped Leeds Shopping Plaza. The development will reach a catchment of 5.5m people offering a spend of £1.93bn annually. It will lift Leeds from 7th to 4th in the CACI UK retail rankings and create over 3000 jobs.
The combined scheme will give a floor space of 93,000 m2 (1,000,000 sq ft) of retail space for a total of 120 stores anchored by flagship Marks and Spencer and Topshop/Topman stores. These units already exist from the previous developments as standalone stores, but are being expanded and remodelled into Trinity Leeds. Other retailers signed up are H&M, River Island, Next and some new names to the city such as Hollister, Pandora, Cult and Mango.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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University of Leeds
Coordinates: 53°48′26″N 1°33′6″W / 53.80722°N 1.55167°W / 53.80722; -1.55167
The University of Leeds (informally Leeds University, or simply Leeds) is a British Redbrick university located in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Originally named the Yorkshire College of Science and later simply the Yorkshire College, it incorporated the Leeds School of Medicine and became part of the federal Victoria University alongside Owens College (which eventually became the University of Manchester) and University College Liverpool (which became the University of Liverpool). In 1904, a royal charter was granted to the University of Leeds by King Edward VII.
The University is a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive universities, of which the university's Vice-Chancellor Prof Michael Arthur is the current Chairman, and the N8 Group for research collaboration. The university is also a founding member of the Worldwide Universities Network, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association, the White Rose University Consortium, the Santander Network and CDIO and is also affiliated to the Association of MBAs, EQUIS and Universities UK.
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Victoria Quarter
The Victoria Quarter is an upmarket shopping area in Leeds, England. It consists of three blocks situated between Briggate and Vicar Lane, comprising the County Arcade, Cross Arcade, Queen Victoria Street and King Edward Street.
This development was built around 1900 and designed by the theatre architect Frank Matcham, and originally it also included his Empire Palace Theatre, but this was demolished in the 1960s. The exteriors are largely of faience from the Burmantofts Pottery works, and the interiors of the arcades contain a number of mosaics and plentiful use of marble. The Quarter was restored in phases between 1990 and 1996, during which a glass roof was also erected over Queen Victoria Street.
Confidence in the Victoria Quarter has seen occupancy reach 100%, with a number of stores making their out-of-London debuts.
The latest opening is Arrogant Cat Boutique, its first store outside London, and a dedicated accessories branch of Reiss is planned to open opposite its main Leeds store on County Arcade. Church's shoes also opened its first store outside London in the Victoria Quarter, as did Firetrap and Agent Provocateur.
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Wakefield
Coordinates: 53°40′48″N 1°29′31″W / 53.6801°N 1.4920°W / 53.6801; -1.4920
Wakefield is the main settlement and administrative centre of the City of Wakefield, a metropolitan district of West Yorkshire, England. Located by the River Calder, on the eastern edge of the Pennines, the urban area is 2,062 hectares (5,100 acres) and had a population of 76,886 in 2001.
Wakefield was dubbed the "Merrie City" in the Middle Ages and in 1538 John Leland described it as, "a very quick market town and meately large; well served of fish and flesh both from sea and by rivers ... so that all vitaile is very good and chepe there. A right honest man shall fare well for 2d. a meal. ... There be plenti of se coal in the quarters about Wakefield".
The site of a battle during the Wars of the Roses and a Royalist stronghold during the Civil War, Wakefield developed in spite of setbacks to become an important market town and centre for wool, exploiting its position on the navigable River Calder to become an inland port.
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Warley Town
Coordinates: 53°43′11″N 1°54′49″W / 53.719696°N 1.913602°W / 53.719696; -1.913602
Warley Town is a town near Halifax in the county of West Yorkshire, England.
It was listed in the Domesday book as Werlafeslei.
Warley township, one of 23 townships in the ancient parish of Halifax, was also one of the biggest, stretching as far as Luddenden and what was to become Sowerby Bridge. The township consisted of many tiny settlements essentially based on the local farmsteads, places such as Lane End, Warley Edge, Winterburn Hill, Cliff Hill and Warley itself.
Warley remained a small settlement until the beginning of the 18th century. Then the consolidation of the Cliff Hill estate into a major land holding, coupled with the establishment of the Congregational chapel, formed the core round which the present village grew. In 1977 the Chapel was closed and converted housing now called Chantry House.
In front of the chapel, cottages were built for agricultural workers as well as larger houses for local businessmen who preferred to live in the country away from the smog of Halifax.
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Weetwood
Coordinates: 53°50′20″N 1°35′17″W / 53.839°N 1.588°W / 53.839; -1.588
Weetwood is an area between Headingley and Meanwood in north-west Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is bounded on the north by the A6120 (Weetwood Ring Road), on the west by the A660 (Otley Road), on the east by Meanwood Beck and to the south by Hollin Lane. Weetwood Lane runs north and south through it.
The Weetwood ward for local government purposes includes areas known as Far Headingley (south of the above), West Park (west of the A660), and Ireland Wood (north of the A620). Its three Leeds City Councillors and the terms for which they are currently elected, are Sue Bentley (Liberal Democrat, 2011–2015), Judith Chapman (Liberal Democrat, 2010–2014), and Ben Chastney (Liberal Democrat, 2008–2012).
Weetwood is part of the Leeds North West parliamentary constituency, and its MP is Greg Mulholland (Liberal Democrats, first elected in 2005 and re-elected in 2010).
The name (earlier Wetewode) means the wet wood to the west of Meanwood Beck.
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West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
West Yorkshire, which is landlocked, consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south-east).
West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.
West Yorkshire encompasses the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up and biggest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.
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Wetherby
Coordinates: 53°55′39″N 1°23′02″W / 53.9276°N 1.3839°W / 53.9276; -1.3839
Wetherby is a market town and civil parish within the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, in West Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Wharfe, and has been for centuries a crossing place and staging post on the Great North Road, being mid-way between London and Edinburgh. It has a population of 11,155.
Historically a part of the Wapentake of Skyrack within the West Riding of Yorkshire, Wetherby is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wedrebi, thought to derive from wether- or ram-farm or else meaning "settlement on the bend of a river". Local folklore has it that when heavy snow storms hit the county, Wetherby does not get as much because the Weather Goes By.
Wetherby Bridge, which spans the River Wharfe, is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a Grade II listed structure. As a result of its situation on the main road, a large number of coaching inns were established in Wetherby, and many are still used today by travellers. The Old Great North Road is still in place and "Toll Bar House" is still present today, however this part of the group of buildings was built much later in 1918-1920. The Toll Bar itself was attached to this building to the North and to date no-one can be found to verify when demolition occurred. It underwent major refurbishment in the mid 90's but the main part of the house is unchanged apart from the two chimney pots being reversed at some point in its history according to a local painting in The Bay Horse Inn at Kirk Deighton.
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Wetherby News
The Wetherby News is a local weekly broadsheet newspaper published on a Friday and based in Wetherby, West Yorkshire, England.
The paper is news edited by Tom Cullimore, with Jean MacQuarrie as group editor of the parent Ackrill Media Group. Amy Craven is sports editor. The paper is part of the Johnston Press stable.
The paper's news and sport patch includes Wetherby, Tadcaster, Boston Spa and Sherburn in Elmet,covering local events from rural North Yorkshire to parts of urban north Leeds such as Slaid Hill, Alwoodley and Whinmoor. The newspaper has its offices on Westgate in Wetherby.
The Wetherby News carries a large property supplement, covering Wetherby as well as the surrounding districts. It also has an indepth weekend supplement, a full weekly guide to what's on in West and North Yorkshire, entertainment news, a sartorial column, live music and cinema guides and full classified listings.
The Wetherby News has a partnership with Tempo FM with whom it provides a weekly news review every Friday morning.
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Wetherby Racecourse
Wetherby Racecourse is a National Hunt racecourse situated near the market town of Wetherby in West Yorkshire, England, located 12 miles (19 km) from Leeds city centre.
The Racecourse is located on the B1224 York Road, directly adjacent to the A1(M). It is situated opposite Wetherby (HM Prison). There are new access roads between North and East Wetherby and the A1(M). The racecourse can also be accessed from Walton Road at the rear of the stands.
Horse racing in Wetherby was first took place on Scaur Bank (now officially known as King George V playing fields although still most commonly referred to as 'Scaur Bank' or 'The Ings') In 1891 racing moved to a new site situated off York Road. From the 1920s to the 1950s the racecourse was served by Wetherby Racecourse railway station. In the 1930s the first terraces were erected, a new two tear stand was erected adjacent to this in the 1970s and then in 1999 the new Millennium Stand was opened, providing the racecourse with executive banqueting and conference facilities. Up until 1963, Racecourse Specials ran to Wetherby railway station from Bradford Interchange on racedays. As the station on York Road had closed many years before, for decades the only rail access was via the station on Linton Road at the other end of Wetherby from the racecourse.
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Wharfedale Hospital
Coordinates: 53°54′51″N 1°42′00″W / 53.9141°N 1.7001°W / 53.9141; -1.7001
Wharfedale Hospital (formerly known as Wharfedale General Hospital) is located in the market town of Otley, West Yorkshire, England, and is part of the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust.
The current hospital, located off Newall Carr Road, cost £15 million to build and was opened on 26 January 2005 by HRH The Princess Royal. It provides in-patient beds for older patients and is a significant centre for day surgery, as well as housing a range of clinics and departments, including a Minor Injuries Unit.
The new building replaced the former Wharfedale Hospital on the same site which had origins going back to its formation as a workhouse in 1873. An infirmary with 70 beds was added in 1907 and was administered by the Wharfedale Board of Guardian until 1930. After 1938 it was known as Otley County Hospital and later Wharfedale General Hospital. In the 1990s it became clear the existing building was unsuitable for purpose.
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Whitby
Coordinates: 54°29′09″N 0°37′14″W / 54.4858°N 0.6206°W / 54.4858; -0.6206
Whitby is a seaside town, port and civil parish in the Scarborough borough of North Yorkshire, England. Situated on the east coast of Yorkshire at the mouth of the River Esk, Whitby has a combined maritime, mineral and tourist heritage, and is home to the ruins of Whitby Abbey where Caedmon, the earliest English poet, lived. The fishing port emerged during the Middle Ages and developed important herring and whaling fleets, and was where Captain Cook learned seamanship. Tourism started in Whitby in Georgian times and developed with the coming of the railway in 1839. Tourist interest is enhanced by its location surrounded by the high ground of the North York Moors national park and heritage coastline and by association with the horror novel Dracula. Jet and alum were mined locally, and Whitby jet, which was mined by the Romans and Victorians became fashionable during the 19th century.
The earliest record of a permanent settlement is in 656, when Streonshal, was the place where Oswy, the Christian king of Northumbria, founded the first abbey, under the abbess, Hilda. The Synod of Whitby was held there in 664. In 867, the monastery was destroyed by Viking raiders, and was re-founded in 1078. It was in this period that the town gained its current name, Whitby, (from "white settlement" in Old Norse). In the following centuries Whitby functioned as a fishing settlement until, in the 18th century, it developed as a port and centre for shipbuilding and whaling, trade in locally mined alum and the manufacture of Whitby jet jewellery.
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White Rose Centre
The White Rose Centre is a shopping centre in the Churwell area of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It spans two floors and is linked to the M621 motorway. It takes its name from the White Rose of York, the traditional symbol of Yorkshire. The Upper Level houses the Centre's 'Upper Circle' food court. There are 4,800 free car parking spaces, security arrangements and on-site Police officers. Although the centre is considerably smaller than other out-of-town shopping centres (eg. Trafford Centre), it remains popular and has big international retailers such as Zara and H&M.
The centre opened on 25 March 1997 and currently accommodates major tenants including Sainsbury's, Debenhams, Marks and Spencer, Next, W H Smith, Bhs, Primark, Zara, H&M, Barratts as well as some 100 other stores. The South region of the Centre was re-developed in 2005 taking back space from downsizing the Sainsbury's store allowing for extra units to be added.
The Centre is managed and mainly owned by Land Securities, however Evans of Leeds are also a partner. The Centre has also won many awards over the years, these include a British Council of Shopping Centre's (BCSC) Golds Award, BCSC Purple apple, and Green apple awards. Peter Cook won Out-of-Town Centre Manager of the Year award and the Centre also has countless Leeds/Yorkshire in Bloom Awards under its belt.
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Wolverhampton
Wolverhamptoni/ˌwʊlvərˈhæmptən/ is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. For Eurostat purposes Walsall and Wolverhampton is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG35) and is one of five boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "West Midlands" NUTS 2 region. In 2004, the local government district had an estimated population of 239,100. Wolverhampton is part of the West Midlands Urban Area which had a population of 2.3 million in the 2001 census which makes it part of the second largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
Historically a part of Staffordshire, and forming part of the metropolitan county of the West Midlands from 1974, the city is commonly recognised as being named after King Wulfhere, who established an abbey in 659. The original name being from Wulfereēantūn = "Wulfhere's high or principal enclosure or farm" after the Mercian King. The name Wulfrun is used to denote a later nun who established a church in the city – for example, for the Wulfrun Centre or for Wulfrun Hall.
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York
York (locali/ˈjɔːk/) is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.
The city was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, under the name of Eboracum. It became in turn the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained.
In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of York and health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.
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Yorkshire
Yorkshire (/ˈjɔːkʃə/) is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration, such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. The county's name is commonly abbreviated as Yorks.
Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are areas which are widely considered to be among the greenest in England, due to the vast stretches of unspoiled countryside in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and to the open aspect of some of the major cities. Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed God's Own County. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background, which after years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008.Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.
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Yorkshire Dales
The Yorkshire Dales is the name given to an upland area in Northern England.
The area lies within the county boundaries of historic Yorkshire, though it spans the ceremonial counties of North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and Cumbria. Most of the area falls within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, created in 1954, and now one of the fifteen National parks of Britain, but the term also includes areas to the east of the National Park, notably Nidderdale.
The Dales is a collection of river valleys and the hills among them, rising from the Vale of York westwards to the hilltops of the main Pennine watershed. In some places the area extends westwards across the watershed, but most of the valleys drain eastwards to the Vale of York, into the Ouse and then the Humber.
The word dale comes from the Nordic/Germanic word for valley (dal, tal), and occurs in valley names across Yorkshire and Northern England. but the name Yorkshire Dales is generally used to refer specifically to the dales west of the Vale of York and north of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. The Yorkshire Dales is served by its own radio station, Fresh Radio, which broadcasts programmes from studio bases in Skipton and Richmond.
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Zeebrugge
Zeebrugge (Dutch: Zeebrugge, French: Zeebruges, meaning "Brugge aan Zee" or "Bruges on Sea") is a village on the coast of Belgium and a subdivision of Bruges, for which it is the modern port. Zeebrugge serves as both the international port of Bruges-Zeebrugge and a seafront resort with hotels, cafés, a marina and a beach.
Located on the coast of the North Sea, the busiest sea in the world, its central location on the Belgian coast, short distance to Great Britain and close vicinity to densely populated industrialized cities make Zeebrugge a crossroads for traffic from all directions. An expressway to Bruges connects Zeebrugge to the European motorway system; one can also get to and from Zeebrugge by train or tram.
It is Belgium's most important fishing port and the wholesale fish market located there is one of the largest in Europe.
Aside from being a passenger terminal with ferries to the United Kingdom, the harbour serves as the central port for Europe's automotive industry and is important for the import, handling and storage of energy products, agriculture products and other general cargo. Zeebrugge has the largest LNG terminal complex in Europe.
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Alec Shelbrooke
Alec Edward Shelbrooke (born 10 January 1976) is a British Conservative Party politician, who was elected at the 2010 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Elmet and Rothwell, a new constituency created as a result of changes made by the Boundary Commission for England. The seat was Conservative target number 107.
Born in 1976, Shelbrooke has lived in the constituency since 1999 after taking a job as a project administrator at the University of Leeds. He is a Mechanical Engineer by profession and graduated from Brunel University with honours in 1998.
He was a campaign manager during the 2001 General Election, has fought four local elections (being elected to Leeds City Council in 2004 and re-elected in 2006) and unsuccessfully stood in Wakefield at the 2005 General Election. He was Deputy Chairman of Elmet Conservative Association from 2001 to 2004.
On Thursday 11 November 2010, Shelbrooke was confirmed as PPS to Minister of State for Transport Theresa Villiers.
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Bede
Bede ( /ˈbiːd/ BEED; Old English: Bǣda or Bēda; 672/673 – 26 May 735), also referred to as Saint Bede or the Venerable Bede (Latin: Bēda Venerābilis), was an English monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth and of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow (see Monkwearmouth-Jarrow), both in the Kingdom of Northumbria. Bede's monastery had access to a superb library which included works by Eusebius and Orosius among many others.
He is well known as an author and scholar, and his most famous work, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (The Ecclesiastical History of the English People) gained him the title "The Father of English History". In 1899, Bede was made a Doctor of the Church by Leo XIII, a position of theological significance; he is the only native of Great Britain to achieve this designation (Anselm of Canterbury, also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy). Bede was moreover a skilled linguist and translator, and his work with the Latin and Greek writings of the early Church Fathers contributed significantly to English Christianity, making the writings much more accessible to his fellow Anglo-Saxons.
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Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949), nicknamed "The Boss," is an American singer-songwriter-performer who records and tours with the E Street Band. Springsteen is widely known for his brand of heartland rock, poetic lyrics, and Americana sentiments centered on his native New Jersey.
Springsteen's recordings have included both commercially accessible rock albums and more somber folk-oriented works. His most successful studio albums, Born in the U.S.A. and Born to Run, showcase a talent for finding grandeur in the struggles of daily American life; he has sold more than 65 million albums in the United States and more than 120 million worldwide and he has earned numerous awards for his work, including 21 Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes and an Academy Award. He is widely regarded by many as one of the most influential songwriters of the 20th century, and in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him as the 23rd Greatest Artist of all time.
Springsteen was born in Long Branch, New Jersey, and spent his childhood and high school years in Freehold Borough. He lived on South Street in Freehold Borough and attended Freehold Borough High School. His father, Douglas Frederick Springsteen, was of Dutch and Irish ancestry and worked, among other vocations, as a bus driver, although he was frequently unemployed; his surname is Dutch for jump stone. His mother, Adele Ann (née Zerilli), was a legal secretary and was of Italian ancestry. His maternal grandfather was born in Vico Equense, a city near Naples. He has two younger sisters, Virginia and Pamela. Pamela had a brief film career, but left acting to pursue still photography full time; she took photos for the Human Touch and Lucky Town albums.
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Charles I of England
Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles believed was divinely ordained. Many of his English subjects opposed his actions, in particular his interference in the English and Scottish churches and the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, because they saw them as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch.
Charles's reign was also characterised by religious conflicts. His failure to successfully aid Protestant forces during the Thirty Years' War, coupled with the fact that he married a Roman Catholic princess, generated deep mistrust concerning the king's dogma. Charles further allied himself with controversial ecclesiastic figures, such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, whom Charles appointed Archbishop of Canterbury. Many of Charles's subjects felt this brought the Church of England too close to the Roman Catholic Church. Charles's later attempts to force religious reforms upon Scotland led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments and helped precipitate his own downfall.
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Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin, KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, film director and composer best known for his work during the silent film era. He became the most famous film star in the world before the end of World War I. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Love onwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing them, and from 1918 he was even composing the music for them. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919.
Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film era. He was influenced by his predecessor, the French silent film comedian Max Linder, to whom he dedicated one of his films. His working life in entertainment spanned over 75 years, from the Victorian stage and the music hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer, until close to his death at the age of 88. His high-profile public and private life encompassed both adulation and controversy. Chaplin was identified with left-wing politics during the McCarthy era and he was ultimately forced to resettle in Europe from 1952.
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Corinne Bailey Rae
Corinne Bailey Rae (born Corinne Jacqueline Bailey on 26 February 1979) is a British singer-songwriter and guitarist from Leeds, West Yorkshire. Bailey Rae was named the number-one predicted breakthrough act of 2006 in an annual BBC poll of music critics, Sound of 2006. She released her debut album, Corinne Bailey Rae, in February 2006, and became the fourth female British act in history to have her first album debut at number one. In 2007, Bailey Rae was nominated for three Grammy Awards and three Brit Awards, and won two MOBO Awards. In 2008, she won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year (for her work as a featured artist in Herbie Hancock's River: The Joni Letters).
Bailey Rae released her second album, The Sea, on 26 January 2010, after a hiatus of almost three years. It was produced by Steve Brown and Steve Chrisanthou (who produced her debut album in 2006). She was nominated for the 2010 Mercury Prize for Album of the Year. In 2012, she won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance (for "Is This Love)". Bailey Rae was married to fellow musician Jason Rae from 2001 until his death in 2008, and as part of the grieving process, she channeled her emotions into her music. Her two albums have together sold over five million copies worldwide.
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Cuthbert Brodrick
Cuthbert Brodrick FRIBA (1 December 1821 – 2 March 1905) was a British architect, whose most famous building is Leeds Town Hall.
Brodrick was born in the Yorkshire port of Hull where his father was a well-to-do merchant and shipowner. Cuthbert was the sixth son of the ten children of John and Hannah Brodrick. The family lived at 39, George Street, in the best residential area of Hull.
Brodrick attended Kingston College in Hull and, on leaving school, he became an articled pupil (a student of architecture) in the offices of Henry Francis Lockwood whose premises were at 8, Dock Street. Brodrick stayed with Lockwoods from 1837 until he embarked on the Grand Tour of Europe in May 1844, to continue his studies. He travelled through France and Italy, as far as Rome. Whilst on this journey he studied the architecture of Second Empire in Paris. This style greatly influenced his later designs.
When Brodrick returned to Hull in 1846, he was offered a partnership in Lockwood’s firm. He refused this, and set up in practice on his own at 1, Savile Street in Hull. He designed a number of local buildings in Hull including the Hull Royal Institution building and the Hull Town Hall.
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Ed Balls
Edward Michael Balls, (born 25 February 1967) is a British Labour politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Morley and Outwood since 2010, and is the current Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer. From 2005 to 2010, he was the MP for Normanton and he served in the Cabinet from 2007 to 2010.
Balls is married to current Shadow Home Secretary and fellow Labour MP Yvette Cooper. In 2008 they were the first married couple to serve together in a British Cabinet.
Balls' father is the zoologist Michael Balls, criticised for campaigning against the grammar school system in Norfolk, then sending his son to fee-paying schools. Balls was born in Norwich and educated at Bawburgh Primary School in Norwich, Crossdale Drive Primary School in Nottinghamshire, and then the private all-boys Nottingham High School, where he played the violin. He went on to attend Keble College, Oxford, where he gained a First in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (graduating ahead of David Cameron), and later Harvard, where he was a Kennedy Scholar specialising in Economics.
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Edwin of Northumbria
Edwin (Old English: Ēadwine; c. 586 – 12 October 632/633), also known as Eadwine or Æduini, was the King of Deira and Bernicia – which later became known as Northumbria – from about 616 until his death. He converted to Christianity and was baptised in 627; after he fell at the Battle of Hatfield Chase, he was venerated as a saint.
Edwin was the son of Ælle king of Deira and seems to have had (at least) two siblings. His sister Acha was married to Æthelfrith, king of neighbouring Bernicia. An otherwise unknown sibling fathered Hereric, who in turn fathered Abbess Hilda of Whitby and Hereswith, wife to Æthelric, the brother of king Anna of East Anglia.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reported that on Ælle's death a certain "Æthelric" assumed power. The exact identity of Æthelric is uncertain. He may have been a brother of Ælle, an elder brother of Edwin, an otherwise unknown Deiran noble, or the father of Æthelfrith. Æthelfrith himself appears to have been king of "Northumbria"—both Deira and Bernicia—by no later than 604. During the reign of Æthelfrith, Edwin was an exile. The location of his early exile as a child is not known, but late traditions, reported by Reginald of Durham and Geoffrey of Monmouth, place Edwin in the kingdom of Gwynedd, fostered by king Cadfan ap Iago, so allowing biblical parallels to be drawn from the struggle between Edwin and his supposed foster-brother Cadwallon. By the 610s he was certainly in Mercia, under the protection of king Cearl, whose daughter Cwenburg he married.
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Fabian Hamilton
Fabian Uziell-Hamilton (born 12 April 1955) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Leeds North East since 1997.
Fabian Hamilton was born in London to a British Jewish family, the son of a solicitor father and a judge mother. He was educated at Brentwood School in Essex and the University of York where he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree. He worked initially as a taxi driver for a year from 1978 before working as a graphic designer until 1994 when he became as a computer systems consultant with Apple Macintosh Computer systems, which he undertook until his election to parliament.
He was elected as a councillor to the City of Leeds Council in 1987, stepping down eleven years later in 1998. He was elected as the chairman of the Leeds West Constituency Labour Party in 1987, and he contested Leeds North East at the 1992 General Election but was defeated by the sitting Conservative MP Timothy Kirkhope by 4,244 votes, gaining a 5.9% swing from the Conservative Party to Labour.
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Fanny Waterman
Dame Fanny Waterman, DBE (born 22 March 1920) is a piano teacher, and the founder, Chairman and Artistic Director of the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition. She is also president of the Harrogate International Music Festival.
Waterman was born in Leeds; her father, Myer Waterman, a Russian Jew, had emigrated to England to work as a jeweller. She began to study with Tobias Matthay when she was 17; she started giving public performances, and in 1941 opened the concert season in Leeds with the Leeds Symphony Society. She won a scholarship to the Royal College of Music and studied under Cyril Smith. In 1944, she married Dr. Geoffrey de Keyser and in 1950, with the arrival of her first child, gave up her concert career and concentrated on teaching. By the early 1960s, Waterman felt that young British pianists needed a goal to give them a competitive edge with foreign pianists.
In 1961, with the help of her friend Marion Thorpe (then Countess of Harewood) she jointly founded the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition. She is Artistic Director of the competition and, since 1981, chairman of the competition jury. Her contribution to the city of Leeds was recognised in April 2006, when she was given the Freedom of the City of Leeds.
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George Mudie
George Edward Mudie (born 6 February 1945) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Leeds East since 1992.
Born in Dundee, Scotland George Mudie was educated at the Waid Academy in Anstruther and later studied Social Studies at Newbattle Abbey College in Dalkeith. He worked initially as an engineer and then joined the merchant navy. In 1968 he became a trade union official with the National Union of Public Employees, a position he held until his election to the House of Commons in 1992.
He was elected as a councillor to Leeds City Council (1971–92) and was the council's leader (1980–1990), being its youngest leader. He was elected as the Labour MP for Leeds East at the 1992 General Election following the retirement of the former Chancellor of the Exchequer, Denis Healey. He has held the seat comfortably since.
In Parliament he was appointed as an Opposition Whip in 1994, a position he held until the Labour landslide at the 1997 election when he was elevated to become the Treasurer of HM Household and Deputy Chief Whip. In 1998 he was appointed as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Education and Employment. He was dropped from the government in 1999.
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Greg Mulholland
Gregory Thomas Mulholland (born 31 August 1970) is a Liberal Democrat politician in the United Kingdom, and is the Member of Parliament for Leeds North West. He was first elected at the 2005 general election, winning the seat from Labour and was re-elected with an increased majority at the 2010 general election. Before his parliamentary career, he served as a councillor for Headingley. He has served as a Liberal Democrat spokesman for Health, Schools and International Development.
Born in Manchester, Mulholland attended St. Ambrose College near Altrincham and studied politics at the University of York, going on to achieve an MA in Public Administration and Public Policy. While at York University he played at centre for the university rugby league team in matches against Bradford, Leeds, Manchester and Hull. He then worked in marketing for five years, including two years spent in Edinburgh, working on several national promotional campaigns.
His first experience in politics was canvassing in the Knowsley North by-election in 1986, while studying politics for A-level.
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Harry Houdini
Harry Houdini (born Erik Weisz, later Ehrich Weiss or Harry Weiss; March 24, 1874 – October 31, 1926) was a Hungarian-born American stunt performer, noted for his sensational escape acts. He first attracted notice as Handcuff Harry, on a tour of Europe, where he would sensationally challenge different police-forces to try to keep him locked up. This revealed a talent for gimmickry and for audience involvement that would characterise all his work. Soon he was extending his repertoire to include chains, ropes slung from skyscrapers, straitjackets under water, and having to hold his breath inside a sealed milk-can.
In 1904, thousands watched as he tried to escape from a special handcuff commissioned by London's Daily Mirror, keeping them in suspense for an hour. Another stunt saw him buried alive and only just able to claw himself to the surface, emerging in a state of near-breakdown. While many suspected that these escapes were fabricated, it is ironic that Houdini was meanwhile presenting himself as the scourge of fake magicians and spiritualists. As President of the Society of American Magicians, he was keen to uphold professional standards and expose fraudulent artists who gave practitioners a bad name. He was also quick to sue anyone who pirated his own escape-stunts.
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Hilary Benn
Hilary James Wedgwood Benn (born 26 November 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Leeds Central since 1999. He served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for International Development from 2003 to 2007 and as the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from 2007 to 11 May 2010. Since October 2011, Benn was the Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government. In June 2007, Benn ran for the deputy leadership of the Labour Party, coming fourth out of six candidates.
Born in Hammersmith, London, Hilary Benn is a fourth generation MP as the second son of former Labour Cabinet Minister Tony Benn and educationalist Caroline Benn. He attended Norland Place School, Westminster Under School (a private school), Holland Park School and University of Sussex where he graduated in Russian and East European Studies. Benn has an older brother, Stephen, a younger sister Melissa and a younger brother, Joshua.
On leaving university, Benn became a Research Officer with the ASTMS and rose to become Head of Policy for Manufacturing Science and Finance. In 1979 he was elected to the Ealing Borough Council where he was Deputy Leader from 1986 to 1990. He was the Labour candidate for Ealing North in both the 1983 general election and 1987 general election. On both occasions he was defeated by the Conservative candidate Harry Greenway.
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Jann Wenner
Jann Simon Wenner (born January 7, 1946) is the co-founder and publisher of the music and politics biweekly Rolling Stone, as well as the owner of Men's Journal and Us Weekly magazines.
Wenner was born in New York City and grew up in a secular Jewish family.[citation needed] His parents divorced in 1958, and he and his sisters, Kate and Merlyn, were sent to boarding schools to live. He graduated from high school at Chadwick School in 1963 and went on to attend the University of California, Berkeley. Before dropping out of Berkeley in 1966, Wenner was active in the Free Speech Movement and produced the column "Something's Happening" in the student-run newspaper, The Daily Californian. With the help of his mentor, San Francisco Chronicle jazz critic Ralph J. Gleason, Wenner landed a job at Ramparts, a high-circulation muckraker, where Gleason was a contributing editor and Wenner worked on the magazine's spinoff newspaper.
In 1967, Wenner and Gleason founded Rolling Stone in San Francisco. To get the magazine off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from family members and from the family of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. In the summer following the start of the magazine, Wenner and Schindelheim were married in a small Jewish ceremony.
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Leeds Grammar School
Coordinates: 53°51′54″N 1°31′07″W / 53.86503°N 1.51851°W / 53.86503; -1.51851
Leeds Grammar School was an independent school in Leeds established in 1552. In August 2005 it merged with Leeds Girls' High School to form The Grammar School at Leeds. The two schools physically united in September 2008.
The school was founded in 1552 by William Sheafield to provide free, subsidised or fee-paying education to the children of the City of Leeds. Despite 1552 being the traditional date for the foundation of the school, there is some evidence to suggest that the school existed as early as 1341. In 1805, the school was the subject of a ruling by Lord Eldon that set a precedent affecting grammar schools throughout England.
Leeds Grammar School was founded in 1552, following the death of the Reverend William Sheafield in July of that year. Sheafield left £14 13s. 4d. in his will to maintain a schoolmaster "to teach and instruct freely for ever all such Younge Schollars Youthes and Children as shall come and resort to him from time to time to be taught instructed and informed", provided that a school house was built by the town of Leeds. The date for the foundation of the school still remains in doubt to this day, with records indicating that there was a Grammar School in Leeds as early as 1341. The school's first site is thought to have been in The Calls, by the River Aire, near the centre of the city. However, by about 1579 the school was in the New Chapel building at the head of Headingley Lane, where it remained until 1624.
wn.com/Leeds_Grammar_School -
Loiner
Loiner is a demonym, describing the citizens of Leeds.
While there are several theories, the actual origin of the term remains uncertain.
The three competing theories are:
The mock-classical adjectives Leodensian and Leodiensian are sometimes used by some local sports clubs, and the word Leodensian also features in the lyrics of "I Predict a Riot" by Kaiser Chiefs, although in that context it was referring to John Smeaton, a famous 18th century resident of the city (who resided in Austhorpe Lodge on the site of Austhorpe Primary School) as a founder of Leeds Grammar School, as a Leeds Grammar School leaver is called an Old Leodensian. The term is commonly used to refer to fans of Leeds Rhinos as well as the club itself, either as The Loiners or Loiners.[citation needed]
wn.com/Loiner -
Louis Le Prince
Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince (born Metz 28 August 1841, vanished 16 September 1890) was an inventor who is considered by many film historians[not specific enough to verify] as the true father of motion pictures, who shot the first moving pictures on paper film using a single lens camera.
A Frenchman who also worked in the United Kingdom and the United States, Le Prince conducted his ground-breaking work in 1888 in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, UK.
In October 1888, Le Prince filmed moving picture sequences Roundhay Garden Scene and a Leeds Bridge street scene using his single-lens camera and Eastman's paper film. These were several years before the work of competing inventors such as Auguste and Louis Lumière and Thomas Edison.
He was never able to perform a planned public demonstration in the United States because he mysteriously vanished from a train on 16 September 1890. His body and luggage were never found, but, over a century later, a police archive was found to contain a photograph of a drowned man who could have been him.
wn.com/Louis_Le_Prince -
Mahavira
Mahāvīra (Sanskrit: महावीर "Great Hero", Kannada: ಮಹಾವೀರ Mahāvīra, Malayalam: മഹാവീരൻ Mahāvīran and Tamil: அருகன் Arukaṉ) is the name most commonly used to refer to the Indian sage Vardhamāna (Sanskrit: वर्धमान; traditionally 599–527 BCE) who established what are today considered to be the central tenets of Jainism. According to Jain tradition, he was the 24th and the last Tirthankara. In Tamil, he is referred to as Arukaṉ or Arukadevan. He is also known in texts as Vira or Viraprabhu, Sanmati, Ativira,and Gnatputra. In the Buddhist Pali Canon, he is referred to as Nigantha Nātaputta and Gyatra Putta.
In a place called Kundalagrama (Vaishali district) situated close to Besadha Patti, 27 miles from Patna in modern day Bihar, India, Mahavira was born in a royal family to King Siddartha and Queen Trishala on the 13th day under the rising moon of Chaitra (12 April according to the Gregorian calendar). While still in his mother's womb it is believed he brought wealth and prosperity to the entire kingdom, which is why he was named Vardhaman. An increase of all good things, like the abundant bloom of beautiful flowers, was noticed in the kingdom after his conception. Trishala had a number of auspicious dreams before giving birth to Vardhaman (14 according to the Svetambaras and 16 according to the Digambaras), signs foretelling the advent of a great soul.He found "Nirvana" at the age of 72 in 527 BC near Rajgir, Bihar .Vardhaman's birthday is celebrated as Mahavir Jayanti, the most important religious holiday of Jains around the world.
wn.com/Mahavira -
Marion Stein
Maria Donata Nanetta Paulina Gustava Erwina Wilhelmine Stein, CBE (born 18 October 1926), known as Marion Stein, is an Austrian-born British former concert pianist.
Born in Vienna, Stein was the daughter of musician Erwin Stein. She led a distinguished musical career and was joint founder in 1961 (along with Fanny Waterman) of the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition.
Stein has married twice, both times to prominent public figures:
1) George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood (married 29 September 1949). Lord Harewood, son of Mary, Princess Royal, was the grandson of King George V, the nephew of kings Edward VIII and George VI, and the cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. The marriage was dissolved in 1967. They had three sons:
2) Jeremy Thorpe (married 1973). Thorpe was then a Member of Parliament and Leader of the Liberal Party.
wn.com/Marion_Stein -
Michael Jackson
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. Often referred to as the King of Pop, or by his initials MJ, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971.
In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with transforming the medium into an art form and a promotional tool, and the popularity of these videos helped to bring the relatively new television channel MTV to fame. Videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made him a staple on MTV in the 1990s. Through stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B, pop and rock artists.
wn.com/Michael_Jackson -
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Xhosa pronunciation: [xoˈliːɬaɬa manˈdeːla]; born 18 July 1918) is a South African politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first ever to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before being elected President, Mandela was a militant anti-apartheid activist, and the leader and co-founder of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Mandela went on to serve 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela led his party in the negotiations that led to the establishment of democracy in 1994. As President, he frequently gave priority to reconciliation, while introducing policies aimed at combating poverty and inequality in South Africa.
In South Africa, Mandela is often known as Madiba, his Xhosa clan name; or as tata (Xhosa: father). Mandela has received more than 250 awards over four decades.
wn.com/Nelson_Mandela -
Nic Jones
Nicolas Paul "Nic" Jones (born 9 January 1947) is an English folk singer, fingerstyle guitarist and fiddle player whose professional career spanned the years 1964-1982. He recorded five solo albums, and was a frequent guest performer.
Nic Jones was born on 9 January 1947 in Orpington, Kent. He first learned to play guitar as a young teenager and early musical influences included such artists as The Shadows, Duane Eddy, Chet Atkins, Wes Montgomery and Ray Charles. His interest in folk music was aroused by some old school friends who had formed a folk band called The Halliard. When the members of the group decided to turn professional, one of them left to pursue a different career and Nic was invited to take his place. Whilst playing with The Halliard, Jones learned to play the fiddle, and also how to research and arrange traditional material. The group toured the UK between 1964 and 1968, eventually splitting up when two of the members decided to pursue careers outside the folk music business.
wn.com/Nic_Jones -
Rachel Reeves
Rachel Jane Reeves (born 13 February 1979) is a British economist and a Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Leeds West since 2010. She served as Shadow Pensions Minister from October 2010 until October 2011, when she was appointed as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury by Ed Miliband.
Reeves was born in Lewisham to Graham and Sally Reeves. She was educated at Cator Park School for Girls in Bromley, South East London. She cites the influence of her father on herself and her sister supporting the Labour Party, recalling how when she was eight years old he pointed out Neil Kinnock on the television and "told us that was who we voted for". Reeves says both she and her sister had "both known we were Labour since then". She joined the Labour Party at age 16. She was the Under-14 UK girls chess champion and always had an aptitude for maths.
She read politics, philosophy and economics at New College, Oxford, followed by an MSc in Economics from the London School of Economics.
wn.com/Rachel_Reeves -
Robbie Williams
Robert Peter "Robbie" Williams (born 13 February 1974) is an English singer-songwriter, vocal coach and occasional actor. He is a member of the pop group Take That.
Williams rose to fame in the band's first run in the early- to mid-1990s. After many disagreements with the management and certain group members, Williams left the group in 1995 to launch his solo career. On 15 July 2010, it was announced he had rejoined Take That and that the group intended to release a new album in November 2010 which became the second fastest-selling album of all-time in UK chart history and the fastest-selling record of the century.
Williams has sold over 70 million records worldwide, which ranks him among the best-selling music artists worldwide. He is the best-selling British solo artist in the United Kingdom and the best selling non-Latino artist in Latin America. Six of his albums are among the top 100 biggest-selling albums in the United Kingdom. He has also been honoured with seventeen BRIT Awards—more than any other artist—and seven ECHO Awards. In 2004, he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame after being voted as the "Greatest Artist of the 1990s."
wn.com/Robbie_Williams -
Stuart Andrew
Stuart James Andrew (born 25 November 1971) is the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for the Pudsey constituency in West Yorkshire, England. He grew up in the Isle of Anglesey in North Wales, and later attended Ysgol David Hughes in Menai Bridge.
After leaving school he worked as a fundraiser for the British Heart Foundation. Before being elected to parliament he led the fundraising team for Martin House Hospice.
Andrew stood as a candidate in the 1997 Parliamentary election in Wrexham. Subsequent to this Andrew joined the Labour Party, leaving the Conservatives citing issues with the "direction of the party". On losing his council seat Andrew rejoined the Conservative Party and moved to Leeds.
Andrew served as a Leeds City Council Councillor from 2003–2010, initially representing the Aireborough ward, and following boundary changes representing the Guiseley and Rawdon ward. He was Elected as Member of Parliament for Pudsey in the general election on 6 May 2010.
In October 2010, it was reported that Andrew joined the Welsh Affairs Select Committee. On 22 February 2012 Andrew was reportedly headbutted and punched in a House of Commons bar during a disturbance created by Labour MP Eric Joyce, but the Pudsey MP tweeted the next day that, "I'm OK."
wn.com/Stuart_Andrew -
Vivienne Westwood
Dame Vivienne Westwood, DBE, RDI (born Vivienne Isabel Swire on 8 April 1941) is a British fashion designer and businesswoman, largely responsible for bringing modern punk and new wave fashions into the mainstream.
Westwood was born Vivienne Isabel Swire in the village of Tintwistle, Derbyshire on 8 April 1941, the daughter of Gordon Swire and Dora Swire (née Ball), who had married two years previously, two weeks after the outbreak of World War II. At the time of Vivienne's birth, her father was employed as a storekeeper in an aircraft factory; he had previously worked as a greengrocer.
Aged 17, Vivienne and her family moved to Harrow, London. She studied at the Harrow School of Art - University of Westminster, taking fashion and silversmithing, but she left after one term saying, "I didn't know how a working-class girl like me could possibly make a living in the art world". After taking up a job in a factory and studying at a teacher-training college, she became a primary school teacher. During this period, she also created her own jewellery, which she would sell at a stall on Portobello Road.
wn.com/Vivienne_Westwood
We watch you
Your expert double exes
It's just like you
To paint those whiter fences
It's so polite, it's so polite
It's offensive, it's offensive
It's so unright, it's so unright
It's a technical, accept it
But who needs love when there's Law And Order?
And who needs love when there's Southern Comfort?
And who needs love at all?
We stalk you
Your expert, double exes
We oxidized you in your sleep
There's no exit, there's no exit
You're on a roll, you're on a roll
No one gets it, no one gets it
Your honor, no, your honor
Can't you protect us? Protect us
But who needs love when there's Law And Order?
And who needs love when there's Southern Comfort?
And who needs love when the sandwiches are wicked
And they know you at the Mac Store?
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
Oh, I'm so excited
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
Oh, the blacks and beat kids
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
Oh, I'm getting frightened
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
Someday, someday Leeds United
La ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba
Ba, da da, da, da
Da da, da, da, da, da, da, da
Da, da da, da
Bugsy Malone came to carry you home
And they're taking you all to the doctor
Verbally vices, all sugary and spices
It's nice but it's not what I'm after
Sure, I admire you, sure, you inspire me
But you've been not getting back so
I'll wait at the Sainsbury's, counting my change
Making bank on the upcoming roster
And we'll stop you
Your expert double exes
Oh yeah, big stack hold of extra care
Two exes, oh, oh, oh
That never talking thing you do
Is effective, it's effective
And your shoulder's icy cold
Oh, than a death wish, than a death wish
But who needs love when there's Law And Order?
And who needs love when there's Dukes Of Hazzard?
And who needs love when the sandwiches are wicked
And they know you at the Mac Store?
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
I'm so excited
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
The blacks and beat kids
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
I'm so excited
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
When I think about Leeds United
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
Ouch, I'm getting frightened
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
The blacks, the blacks, the blacks and beat kids
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
It's so exciting
Someday, someday, someday, someday
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Final whistle leeds united 2 - 1 Tottenham hotspur 2013 FA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Final whistle leeds united 2 - 1 Tottenham hotspur 2013 Elland road FA cup 4th round
http://wn.com/Final_whistle_leeds_united_2_1_Tottenham_hotspur_2013_FA
Final whistle leeds united 2 - 1 Tottenham hotspur 2013 Elland road FA cup 4th round
Gareth Bale Amazing Dribbling Skills vs Leeds United (Panna and Roulette)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:32
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Terrific Panna and Roulette from Gareth Bale in the 4th Round of the FA Cup vs Leeds United. A rare moment of joy for Tottenham as they exited the cup.
http://wn.com/Gareth_Bale_Amazing_Dribbling_Skills_vs_Leeds_United_Panna_and_Roulette
Terrific Panna and Roulette from Gareth Bale in the 4th Round of the FA Cup vs Leeds United. A rare moment of joy for Tottenham as they exited the cup.
- published: 28 Jan 2013
- views: 227801
- author: JuniorMessi19
Leeds United Away Days, Soccer AM
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
Leeds United Away Days feature from Soccer AM
http://wn.com/Leeds_United_Away_Days,_Soccer_AM
Leeds United Away Days feature from Soccer AM
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 32467
- author: TheScratchingShed
MY TOP 10 LEEDS UTD GOALS EVER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:53
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
As title, What are your top 10 Leeds goals? Mine are as follows
http://wn.com/MY_TOP_10_LEEDS_UTD_GOALS_EVER
As title, What are your top 10 Leeds goals? Mine are as follows
- published: 18 Mar 2008
- views: 174345
- author: Leeds4EvEr1992
Leeds United 2012-2013. Are You Ready?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
Please like our facebook page: www.facebook.com/leedsutd1992 and follow us on twitter @leedsutd1992 The build up video for the 2012-2013 season in which Neil Warnock will lead Leeds United hopefully to promotion to the Premier League. In the video we briefly run through the poor 2011-12 season and build up to the up and coming one. Included: Southampton 3-1 Leeds RIP Gary Speed Jonny Howson to Norwich Simon Grayson Sacked Neil Warnock appointed Leeds 3-7 Nottingham Forest Leeds 0-2 Watford Neil Warnock interviews Players Included: Robert Snodgrass Andy Lonergan Luciano Becchio Ross McCormack Adam Clayton NO COPYRIGHT INTENDED. THANKS TO LUTV, SKY, BBC RADIO 5 LIVE AND BBC
http://wn.com/Leeds_United_2012-2013_Are_You_Ready?
Please like our facebook page: www.facebook.com/leedsutd1992 and follow us on twitter @leedsutd1992 The build up video for the 2012-2013 season in which Neil Warnock will lead Leeds United hopefully to promotion to the Premier League. In the video we briefly run through the poor 2011-12 season and build up to the up and coming one. Included: Southampton 3-1 Leeds RIP Gary Speed Jonny Howson to Norwich Simon Grayson Sacked Neil Warnock appointed Leeds 3-7 Nottingham Forest Leeds 0-2 Watford Neil Warnock interviews Players Included: Robert Snodgrass Andy Lonergan Luciano Becchio Ross McCormack Adam Clayton NO COPYRIGHT INTENDED. THANKS TO LUTV, SKY, BBC RADIO 5 LIVE AND BBC
- published: 27 Apr 2012
- views: 45528
- author: gibbo024
Leeds United v Arsenal 25/3/72 - The Big Match
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:24
- Updated: 29 Jan 2013
The Whites dominant here in their First Division clash against Arsenal at Elland Road on the 25th March, 1972. United won the game 3-0 with goals from Allan Clarke, Mick Jones and Peter Lorimer in front of 45055 fans.
http://wn.com/Leeds_United_v_Arsenal_25_3_72_The_Big_Match
The Whites dominant here in their First Division clash against Arsenal at Elland Road on the 25th March, 1972. United won the game 3-0 with goals from Allan Clarke, Mick Jones and Peter Lorimer in front of 45055 fans.
- published: 05 Jul 2011
- views: 19760
- author: wafll
EL-HADJI DIOUF - Tweeting the Stars 10.10.12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:23
- Updated: 29 Jan 2013
Leeds star El-Hadji Diouf answers your Twitter questions with James Varley.
http://wn.com/EL-HADJI_DIOUF_Tweeting_the_Stars_101012
Leeds star El-Hadji Diouf answers your Twitter questions with James Varley.
- published: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 10567
- author: LeedsUnitedOfficial
Millwall v Leeds United - 24.03.12 (A wild Millwall 'fan' being brave towards the Leeds supporters)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:15
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Yes, look at this joke trying to play the big boy towards Leeds fans after final whistle, I bet he's proud of himself. FT 0-1 (McCormack)
http://wn.com/Millwall_v_Leeds_United_240312_A_wild_Millwall_'fan'_being_brave_towards_the_Leeds_supporters
Yes, look at this joke trying to play the big boy towards Leeds fans after final whistle, I bet he's proud of himself. FT 0-1 (McCormack)
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 79012
- author: benlawleylufc
WARNOCK CAM - WATFORD 13.11.12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:20
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Watch all the gaffer's reaction to the key moments in Leeds' 6-1 defeat to Watford on Saturday.
http://wn.com/WARNOCK_CAM_WATFORD_131112
Watch all the gaffer's reaction to the key moments in Leeds' 6-1 defeat to Watford on Saturday.
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 11922
- author: LeedsUnitedOfficial
Leeds United Team After January Transfer Window!! - Fifa 13 Ultimate Team
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:13
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
500 Likes? :D Need Fifa 13 Coins? Check this page out ;) http:/www.facebook.com/fifacoinsonline My Predicted Leeds Team for after the January Transfer Window.. Hope you enjoy and please remember to comment like and sub :D Thanks Guys :) Intro = Camo and Krooked - a mix between Hot pursuit and Run Riot
http://wn.com/Leeds_United_Team_After_January_Transfer_Window!!_Fifa_13_Ultimate_Team
500 Likes? :D Need Fifa 13 Coins? Check this page out ;) http:/www.facebook.com/fifacoinsonline My Predicted Leeds Team for after the January Transfer Window.. Hope you enjoy and please remember to comment like and sub :D Thanks Guys :) Intro = Camo and Krooked - a mix between Hot pursuit and Run Riot
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 9194
- author: MrROSSii1990
Away Days - Blackpool nPower Championship including Leeds Goal #2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:14
- Updated: 23 Jan 2013
Leeds Traveled to the seaside for their first away game of the new season. also hope you liked the goal we scored
http://wn.com/Away_Days_Blackpool_nPower_Championship_including_Leeds_Goal_2
Leeds Traveled to the seaside for their first away game of the new season. also hope you liked the goal we scored
- published: 23 Aug 2012
- views: 3470
- author: SJHSportsHD
Amanda Palmer "Leeds United" Music Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:13
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
"Leeds United" From the debut solo album "Who Killed Amanda Palmer", produced by Ben Folds - Available now at music.amandapalmer.net For info on new videos and songs coming ALL year long, please visit myspace.com Directed by Alex de Campi Choreography by Steven Mitchell Wright, featuring the Whoopee Beaux Belles Director of Photography: Joe Dyer Produced by Irresistible Films Art Direction: Jenny Ray Voiceover: Des O'Connor
http://wn.com/Amanda_Palmer_Leeds_United_Music_Video
"Leeds United" From the debut solo album "Who Killed Amanda Palmer", produced by Ben Folds - Available now at music.amandapalmer.net For info on new videos and songs coming ALL year long, please visit myspace.com Directed by Alex de Campi Choreography by Steven Mitchell Wright, featuring the Whoopee Beaux Belles Director of Photography: Joe Dyer Produced by Irresistible Films Art Direction: Jenny Ray Voiceover: Des O'Connor
- published: 03 Feb 2009
- views: 276612
- author: amandapalmer
Ross Barkley vs Leeds United
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 29 Jan 2013
Follow me on Twitter - twitter.com Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.The audio in my videos have been purchased with iTunes. I can assure third world parties that the audio is just used for entertainment and no illegal action is thou being taken. It is not to be used for copying and selling. No copyright infringement intended.
http://wn.com/Ross_Barkley_vs_Leeds_United
Follow me on Twitter - twitter.com Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.The audio in my videos have been purchased with iTunes. I can assure third world parties that the audio is just used for entertainment and no illegal action is thou being taken. It is not to be used for copying and selling. No copyright infringement intended.
- published: 31 Oct 2012
- views: 8387
- author: EFCmatchcomps
Leeds United Ex Squad - Fifa 12 Ultimate Team Edition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:49
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
350 Likes? This guy does the same series... www.youtube.com Check him out and give him a sub :) The videos are on.. www.youtube.com Episode 1 of Ex Squads :) Starting with Leeds United.. I forgot to add the goals at the end :/ leave in the comments which team you would like me to do next :) And please remember to comment like and sub :) Thanks
http://wn.com/Leeds_United_Ex_Squad_Fifa_12_Ultimate_Team_Edition
350 Likes? This guy does the same series... www.youtube.com Check him out and give him a sub :) The videos are on.. www.youtube.com Episode 1 of Ex Squads :) Starting with Leeds United.. I forgot to add the goals at the end :/ leave in the comments which team you would like me to do next :) And please remember to comment like and sub :) Thanks
- published: 07 Jun 2012
- views: 12621
- author: MrROSSii1990
Football Hooligans - Birmingham City V Leeds United 1985
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:30
- Updated: 28 Jan 2013
THE creaking and crumbling of the wall was barely audible at first above the violent din of baying mobs of rival hooligans bent on trouble. Within seconds, an almighty rumble was to shake Birmingham City's St Andrew's stadium as a 12ft high wall crashed to the ground below, sending a cloud of dust and debris into the air. Cars that had been parked beneath the structure were left bent and twisted by the destructive force of the rubble that crashed on top of them. Tensions had been running high throughout the final day clash between Birmingham City and Leeds that overcast May day in 1985. Birmingham City faced Leeds on the final day of the season knowing that victory could see them top the old Division Two table if Oxford lost. Both clubs had a history of crowd trouble and tensions had been high throughout the match. "Although little in the way of promotion or relegation hinged on the result violence erupted on the terraces resulting in several police officers being injured," wrote the then Chief Constable Geoffrey Dear in his annual report for 1985. But no one could have envisaged the ugly scenes of violence that followed the final whistle. The fighting was described by Justice Popplewell, during the Popplewell Committee investigation into football in 1985 as more like "the Battle of Agincourt than a football match". A thin blue line of police officers, in little more than their tunics and helmets and armed with just a wooden truncheon, faced the baying crowds ripping down ...
http://wn.com/Football_Hooligans_Birmingham_City_V_Leeds_United_1985
THE creaking and crumbling of the wall was barely audible at first above the violent din of baying mobs of rival hooligans bent on trouble. Within seconds, an almighty rumble was to shake Birmingham City's St Andrew's stadium as a 12ft high wall crashed to the ground below, sending a cloud of dust and debris into the air. Cars that had been parked beneath the structure were left bent and twisted by the destructive force of the rubble that crashed on top of them. Tensions had been running high throughout the final day clash between Birmingham City and Leeds that overcast May day in 1985. Birmingham City faced Leeds on the final day of the season knowing that victory could see them top the old Division Two table if Oxford lost. Both clubs had a history of crowd trouble and tensions had been high throughout the match. "Although little in the way of promotion or relegation hinged on the result violence erupted on the terraces resulting in several police officers being injured," wrote the then Chief Constable Geoffrey Dear in his annual report for 1985. But no one could have envisaged the ugly scenes of violence that followed the final whistle. The fighting was described by Justice Popplewell, during the Popplewell Committee investigation into football in 1985 as more like "the Battle of Agincourt than a football match". A thin blue line of police officers, in little more than their tunics and helmets and armed with just a wooden truncheon, faced the baying crowds ripping down ...
- published: 07 Aug 2011
- views: 86930
- author: eliteborg
SWFC FanCam - v Leeds United (19/10/12)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:45
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
The Sheffield Wednesday FanCam returns to Hillsborough for the recent Yorkshire derby match against Leeds United. See the views and reactions of fans around the ground before, during and after the game - as well as what a few familiar faces have to say! We're trialling crowd videos following the popularity of our regular crowd photos feature on Facebook - enjoy what you see? Like and comment on the video to let us know!
http://wn.com/SWFC_FanCam_v_Leeds_United_19_10_12
The Sheffield Wednesday FanCam returns to Hillsborough for the recent Yorkshire derby match against Leeds United. See the views and reactions of fans around the ground before, during and after the game - as well as what a few familiar faces have to say! We're trialling crowd videos following the popularity of our regular crowd photos feature on Facebook - enjoy what you see? Like and comment on the video to let us know!
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 3215
- author: Sheffield Wednesday
Who owns Leeds United: An inside out special (BBC North) 1/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:55
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Journalist David Conn investigates the ownership of Leeds United, exploring who has owned the club for the past six years, and asking whether the fans getting a good deal.
http://wn.com/Who_owns_Leeds_United_An_inside_out_special_BBC_North_1_2
Journalist David Conn investigates the ownership of Leeds United, exploring who has owned the club for the past six years, and asking whether the fans getting a good deal.
- published: 11 Oct 2011
- views: 6109
- author: MyBallsAreSquared
Leeds United Goals Championship Season 2011-2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:26
- Updated: 28 Jan 2013
Please like our facebook page: www.facebook.com/leedsutd1992 and follow us on twitter @leedsutd1992 53 goals from the 2011-2012 NPOWER Championship season. Accompanied by the music played at Elland Road before games. Music: Kaiser Chiefs - I Predict A Riot. Kasabian - Club Foot. The Killers - Mr Brightside. Goals Include: Ross McCormack Vs Hull City Tom Lees Vs Hull City Robert Snodgrass Vs Hull City Ramon Nunez Vs Hull City Ross McCormack Vs West Ham United Adam Clayton Vs West Ham United Ross McCormack Vs Crystal Palace Luciano Becchio Vs Crystal Palace Adam Clayton Vs Bristol City Ross McCormack Vs Bristol City Andy Keogh Vs Brighton and Hove Albion Ross McCormack Vs Brighton and Hove Albion Danny Pugh Vs Portsmouth Danny Pugh Vs Doncaster Rovers Ross McCormack overhead kick Vs Doncaster Rovers Tom Lees Vs Doncaster Rovers Darren O'Dea Vs Coventry City Andy Keogh Vs Peterborough Adam Clayton Vs Peterborough Darren O'Dea Vs Peterborough Robert Snodgrass Vs Cardiff City Adam Clayton goal of the season Vs Leicester City Robert Snodgrass Vs Burnley Ross McCormack Vs Barnsley Robert Snodgrass Vs Nottingham Forest Jonny Howson Vs Nottingham Forest Luciano Becchio Vs Nottingham Forest Adam Clayton Vs Nottingham Forest Robert Snodgrass Vs Milliwall Ross McCormack Vs Burnley Robert Snodgrass Vs Crystal Palace Robert Snodgrass Vs Ipswich Ross McCormack Vs Ipswich Luciano Becchio Vs Ipswich Robert Snodgrass Vs Bristol City Ross McCormack Vs Bristol City Luciano Becchio Vs Bristol ...
http://wn.com/Leeds_United_Goals_Championship_Season_2011-2012
Please like our facebook page: www.facebook.com/leedsutd1992 and follow us on twitter @leedsutd1992 53 goals from the 2011-2012 NPOWER Championship season. Accompanied by the music played at Elland Road before games. Music: Kaiser Chiefs - I Predict A Riot. Kasabian - Club Foot. The Killers - Mr Brightside. Goals Include: Ross McCormack Vs Hull City Tom Lees Vs Hull City Robert Snodgrass Vs Hull City Ramon Nunez Vs Hull City Ross McCormack Vs West Ham United Adam Clayton Vs West Ham United Ross McCormack Vs Crystal Palace Luciano Becchio Vs Crystal Palace Adam Clayton Vs Bristol City Ross McCormack Vs Bristol City Andy Keogh Vs Brighton and Hove Albion Ross McCormack Vs Brighton and Hove Albion Danny Pugh Vs Portsmouth Danny Pugh Vs Doncaster Rovers Ross McCormack overhead kick Vs Doncaster Rovers Tom Lees Vs Doncaster Rovers Darren O'Dea Vs Coventry City Andy Keogh Vs Peterborough Adam Clayton Vs Peterborough Darren O'Dea Vs Peterborough Robert Snodgrass Vs Cardiff City Adam Clayton goal of the season Vs Leicester City Robert Snodgrass Vs Burnley Ross McCormack Vs Barnsley Robert Snodgrass Vs Nottingham Forest Jonny Howson Vs Nottingham Forest Luciano Becchio Vs Nottingham Forest Adam Clayton Vs Nottingham Forest Robert Snodgrass Vs Milliwall Ross McCormack Vs Burnley Robert Snodgrass Vs Crystal Palace Robert Snodgrass Vs Ipswich Ross McCormack Vs Ipswich Luciano Becchio Vs Ipswich Robert Snodgrass Vs Bristol City Ross McCormack Vs Bristol City Luciano Becchio Vs Bristol ...
- published: 29 Apr 2012
- views: 11733
- author: gibbo024
Fernando Torres vs Leeds United (Away) HD 12-13
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:44
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Like me on Facebook : www.facebook.com Download Link: uploaded.net SUBSCRIBE for more comps www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Fernando_Torres_vs_Leeds_United_Away_HD_12-13
Like me on Facebook : www.facebook.com Download Link: uploaded.net SUBSCRIBE for more comps www.youtube.com
- published: 22 Dec 2012
- views: 18498
- author: MNcomps
Will Hughes vs Leeds United (08/12/2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:13
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Follow me on Twitter to request videos - www.twitter.com/LumixGoals Subscribe for more!
http://wn.com/Will_Hughes_vs_Leeds_United_08_12_2012
Follow me on Twitter to request videos - www.twitter.com/LumixGoals Subscribe for more!
- published: 09 Dec 2012
- views: 49915
- author: RouteOneComps
LEEDS UNITED at Roma 2000 the fans, the football and stabbing news items
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:00
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
2/3/2000, UEFA Cup Round 4, 1st Leg, AS Roma (A), drew 0-0 in a great battle in front of 37726 with a large and noisy Leeds support (as captured here - are you on?). As has often been forgotten, sadly the tie was blighted by trouble before and after the game and a year before the fatal stabbings of Chris and Kevin in Istanbul - eight Leeds fans were stabbed in Rome. This collection shows mental Capello; the fantastic Leeds support; match highlights, news items and interviews with the fans...
http://wn.com/LEEDS_UNITED_at_Roma_2000_the_fans,_the_football_and_stabbing_news_items
2/3/2000, UEFA Cup Round 4, 1st Leg, AS Roma (A), drew 0-0 in a great battle in front of 37726 with a large and noisy Leeds support (as captured here - are you on?). As has often been forgotten, sadly the tie was blighted by trouble before and after the game and a year before the fatal stabbings of Chris and Kevin in Istanbul - eight Leeds fans were stabbed in Rome. This collection shows mental Capello; the fantastic Leeds support; match highlights, news items and interviews with the fans...
- published: 16 May 2012
- views: 9138
- author: mozzertad
Leeds united fan punches goalkeeper Chris Kirkland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:03
- Updated: 28 Jan 2013
Leeds uninted fan punches goalkeeper Chris Kirkland
http://wn.com/Leeds_united_fan_punches_goalkeeper_Chris_Kirkland
Leeds uninted fan punches goalkeeper Chris Kirkland
- published: 20 Oct 2012
- views: 7682
- author: mattijn11
Fifa 13 Manager Mode- Wolves Part 7 v Leeds United
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:54
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
A match v Leeds. Feedback greatly appreciated.
http://wn.com/Fifa_13_Manager_Mode_Wolves_Part_7_v_Leeds_United
photo: AP / ESPN Images, Eric Lards Bakke
31 Jan 2013
A freestyle snowmobile rider hurt in a crash at last week's Winter X Games in Colorado has died at the age of 25. Caleb Moore was attempting a backflip when his snowmobile caught the edge of a landing area, sending him over the handlebars. The 450-lb (204-kg) snowmobile rolled over him ... 'Deeply saddened' ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / Manish
02 Feb 2013
NEW DELHI — A crowd of Tibetans came here to India’s capital last week, bearing flags and political banners and a bittersweet admixture of hope and despair. A grim countdown was under way ... Enlarge This Image. Freetibet.org, via Associated Press ... Related ... Connect With Us on Twitter ... Twitter List ... Sangay and others want the United Nations to push China to improve conditions in Tibet and also to allow inspectors to tour the region....(size: 10.7Kb)
photo: AP / Ariel Schalit
31 Jan 2013
Zeenews Bureau. Damascus. The Syrian Army has confirmed that Israeli Air Force fighter planes carried out strikes in its territory, but denied reports of a convoy carrying weapons to Lebanon was bombed. The Syrian Army statement says that the IAF jet fighters’ target was a military research centre near the border with Lebanon. Two people have been reported to be dead and five others injured in the attack ... First Published ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
01 Feb 2013
Hillary Clinton, the outgoing US secretary of state, has warned that Iran is stepping up its support for Syrian President Bashar al-Assad while Russia is continuing to send money and arms to the regime ... "The Iranians have been actively involved from the very beginning ... 538 Source.. Agencies. Share ... About Us Advertise with Us Creative Commons Work for us Transparency Unit AJ Studies Center AJ Balkans Community Rules Terms & Conditions. ....(size: 19.0Kb)
photo: AP / Elise Amendola
02 Feb 2013
BOSTON. Harvard University said Friday it issued academic sanctions against about 60 students who were forced to withdraw from school for a period of time in a cheating scandal that involved the final exam in a class on Congress, drawing criticism from a high-profile alumnus. The school implicated as many as 125 students in the scandal when officials first addressed the issue last year. . ... . ... . ... ....(size: 5.1Kb)
The Observer
03 Feb 2013
Leeds United's Michael Brown, left, and Cardiff City's Peter Whittingham battle for the ball during the Championship match at Elland Road ... Hull matched the £600,000 price on the head of the former Manchester United man, but Cardiff made sure their personal terms were too good to refuse ... Leeds would have had a point but for the astonishing reflex save with which David Marshall repelled a point-blank header from Tom Lees late on....(size: 5.6Kb)
The Independent
03 Feb 2013
Campbell's decisive 64th-minute intervention might have meant mixed feelings for the striker's father Keith, a Leeds United fan, but it left his new manager, Malky Mackay, delighted with his new player ... For Leeds, their first home league defeat since November brought them back to earth with a thud, six days after their FA Cup win over Tottenham here ... Leeds (4-4-2)....(size: 2.7Kb)
Skiddle
03 Feb 2013
Walkabout Leeds, Leeds Sun 3rd February 2013 ... Date. Sunday 3rd February 2013. Venue. Walkabout Leeds ». Location. Leeds ». Doors ... Cheapest and strongest Pitchers and Fishbowls in Leeds! ... It's the only place to watch the Superbowl in Leeds! ... 18 ... Find more events on Sunday 3rd February 2013 in Leeds ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
Skiddle
03 Feb 2013
Bierkeller, Leeds Mon 4th February 2013. Keller Comedy, the only set list and comedy show in Leeds! We run every single Monday at the Bierkeller in Leeds ... Leeds » ... Edy Hurst Writes for online paper, the Tab, based in Leeds @EdyHurst. Jon Newell - Leeds based Act @JALNewel ... February 2013 in Leeds....(size: 1.6Kb)
Skiddle
03 Feb 2013
Bierkeller Leeds, Leeds Mon 4th February 2013. Cheap food and drinks, great atmosphere!. Date. Monday 4th February 2013. Venue. Bierkeller Leeds ». Location. Leeds ». Doors ... Short url ... 18 ... Find more events on Monday 4th February 2013 in Leeds ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
Skiddle
03 Feb 2013
HiFi Club, Leeds Sun 3rd February 2013. The Sunday Joint, Leeds' biggest Sunday party for the past 17 years! Free entry, live music & DJs!. Date. Sunday 3rd February 2013. Venue. HiFi Club » ... Leeds » ... https.//www.facebook.com/pages/Sunday-Joint-at-the-HIFI-LEEDS/159746824058500?ref=ts&fref=ts ... Find more events on Sunday 3rd February 2013 in Leeds ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
Skiddle
03 Feb 2013
Bierkeller Leeds, Leeds Fri 15th February 2013. The Amazing Live Oompah Band 'The Bavarian Stompers' followed by party music, shot girls, a singalong and audience participation!!. Date. Friday 15th February 2013. Venue. Bierkeller Leeds ». Location. Leeds ». Doors. 7.00pm til 5.00am (last entry 2.00am). Short url. http.//www.skiddle.com/events/11775452/ ... Entry Prices. Minimum age ... Find more events on Friday 15th February 2013 in Leeds....(size: 2.6Kb)
Skiddle
03 Feb 2013
Faversham, Leeds Tue 5th February 2013. MOUSTACHE - IS BACK TO PARTY! Leeds favourite Tuesday night party is back at The Faversham, bigger and better than ever... Date. Tuesday 5th February 2013. Venue. Faversham ». Location. Leeds ». Doors. 11.00pm til 3.30am (last entry 12.00am) ... Leed's favourite Tuesday night is back, bigger and better than ever with even more awesomeness ... Find more events on Tuesday 5th February 2013 in Leeds....(size: 2.7Kb)
Skiddle
03 Feb 2013
HiFi Club, Leeds Mon 4th February 2013. An invitation to our Winter Wonderland celebration. There will be alcoholic beverages, hip hop, gunk, house and not to mention lots of fun lovers. Date. Monday 4th February 2013. Venue. HiFi Club ». Location. Leeds ». Doors. 11.00pm til 3.30am (last entry 1.00am). Short url ... VERY LIMITED ... WINTER ... Hifi Club Leeds. 2 Central Road, LS1 6DE Leeds ... Find more events on Monday 4th February 2013 in Leeds....(size: 3.5Kb)
Skiddle
03 Feb 2013
Broadgate, Leeds Sun 3rd February 2013. VOICES is a touring exhibition created and supported by The Photographic Angle. For more information see www.thephotographicangle.co.uk. Date. Sunday 3rd February 2013. Venue. Broadgate ». Location. Leeds ». Doors ... Find more events on Sunday 3rd February 2013 in Leeds ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
Skiddle
03 Feb 2013
Smokestack, Leeds Thu 14th February 2013. Valentines at Smokestack. Date. Thursday 14th February 2013. Venue. Smokestack ». Location. Leeds ». Doors. 7.00pm til 3.00am (last entry 3.00am). Short url ... This year be with us ... Find more events on Thursday 14th February 2013 in Leeds ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)
Skiddle
03 Feb 2013
Shooters Sports Bar, Leeds Sun 3rd February 2013. JOIN US FOR AFC VS . NFC FOR THE NFL CHAMPIONSHIP AND THE VINCE LOMBARDI TROPHY LIVE IN SHOOTERS SPORTS BAR!!. Date. Sunday 3rd February 2013. Venue. Shooters Sports Bar ». Location. Leeds ». Doors. 11.00pm til 4.00am (last entry 1.00am). Short url. http.//www.skiddle.com/events/11796836/ ... Standard ... VIP ... 18 ... Find more events on Sunday 3rd February 2013 in Leeds ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
The Times of India
03 Feb 2013
LONDON. Cardiff manager Malky Mackay backed Fraizer Campbell to fire his side to promotion after the striker's debut goal gave the Championship leaders a 1-0 win at Leeds ... That was enough to give Cardiff a 10-point lead over both second placed Leicester and third placed Hull. "I am delighted for Fraizer ... I said that at the time. I think it's about five times that's happened to me now," said the former Manchester United defender ... ....(size: 3.3Kb)
"Leeds United" redirects here. For other uses, see Leeds United (disambiguation).
| emblem | |||
| Full name | Leeds United Association Football Club | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickname(s) | The Whites United The Peacocks |
||
| Founded | 1919; 93 years ago (1919) | ||
| Ground | Elland Road, Beeston, Leeds (Capacity: 39,460[1]) |
||
| Chairman | Ken Bates | ||
| Manager | Neil Warnock | ||
| League | The Championship | ||
| 2011–12 | The Championship, 14th | ||
| Website | Club home page | ||
|
|||
 Current season |
|||
Leeds United Association Football Club is an English football club based in Beeston, Leeds, West Yorkshire. Founded in 1919, they play in the Football League Championship, the second tier of the English football league system. The club's home ground is Elland Road.
The club's most common nicknames are "The Whites", "United" and "The Peacocks", the latter stemming from the former name of Elland Road, The Old Peacock Ground.[2] Although the club's name includes "AFC",[3] the current badge reads "LUFC".
The club have competed at the top level of English football for the majority of their existence, following the disbanding of predecessor Leeds City in 1919. Under the management of Don Revie during the 1960s and 1970s, Leeds won two First Division titles, the FA Cup, the League Cup and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup twice. Eight years after Revie's departure to manage the England team, Leeds were relegated to the Second Division in 1982, not returning to the top flight until 1990, when they were managed by Howard Wilkinson. Leeds were league champions two seasons later, in 1992. During the 1990s and early 2000s Leeds competed for places in Europe, reaching the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup and the UEFA Champions League in consecutive seasons. However, after severe financial difficulties and a mass sale of players, Leeds were relegated from the Premier League and subsequently from The Championship three years later. After three seasons in League One they were promoted back to the Championship on the last day of the 2009–10 season.
Being the city's only professional football team, Leeds United are associated with a large, passionate fan base. Recent online research indicates that they are in the top ten most supported clubs in England.[4][5]
History[link]
Main article: History of Leeds United A.F.C.
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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
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This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. Please help by editing the article to make improvements to the overall structure. (March 2012) |
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Pre-Leeds United[link]
Leeds United's predecessor team Leeds City FC was formed in 1904, but was forcibly disbanded by The Football League in 1919 in response to allegations of illegal payments to players during the First World War. A new club, Leeds United, was formed and the club received an invitation to enter the Midland League from the league secretary, Mr. J Nicholson. Leeds United were voted into the Midland League on 31 October 1919, taking the place vacated by Leeds City Reserves. Yorkshire Amateurs, who occupied Elland Road, offered to make way for the new team under the management of former player Dick Ray.
The chairman of Huddersfield Town, Mr. Hilton Crowther loaned Leeds United £35,000, to be repaid when Leeds United won promotion to Division One. He brought Barnsley's manager Arthur Fairclough to Leeds and on 26 February 1920, Dick Ray stepped down to become Fairclough's assistant.
1920–1960: Football League[link]
On 31 May 1920, Leeds United were elected to the Football League.
Over the following few years, Leeds consolidated their position in the Second Division and in 1924 won the title and with it promotion to the First Division. However, they failed to establish themselves and were relegated in 1926–27. After being relegated Fairclough resigned which paved the way for Ray to return as manager. In the years up until the start of World War II Leeds were twice relegated, both times being instantly re-promoted the following season.
On 5 March 1935 Ray resigned and he was replaced by Billy Hampson, who remained in charge for 12 years. In the 1946–47 season after the war, Leeds were relegated again with the worst league record in their history. After this season, Hampson resigned (he stayed with Leeds as their chief scout albeit for only 8 months) and was replaced in April 1947 by Willis Edwards.
In 1948 Sam Bolton replaced Ernest Pullan as the chairman of Leeds United. Edwards was moved to assistant trainer in April 1948 after just one year as manager. He was replaced by Major Frank Buckley.
They remained in the Second Division until 1955–56, when Leeds once again won promotion to the First Division, inspired by Welsh legend John Charles. However, Charles was hungry for success at the highest level, and manager Raich Carter was unable to convince him that Leeds could satisfy his ambitions. Charles was sold to Juventus for a then world record of £65,000; the loss of such a key player led to Leeds' decline, and the team was relegated to the Second Division in 1959–60.
1961–1975: Don Revie – the glory years[link]
In March 1961 the club appointed Don Revie as manager. His stewardship began in adverse circumstances; the club was in financial difficulty[6] and in 1961–62 only a win in the final game of the season saved the club from relegation to Division Three. Revie turned the team around, winning promotion to the First Division in 1963–64. During this period, Revie succeeded in building one of England's greatest footballing sides, with a loyal group of core players. Between 1965 and 1974, Revie's Leeds side never finished outside of the top four, winning two League Championships (1968–69 and 1973–74), the FA Cup (1972), the League Cup (1968) and two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups (1968 and 1971).
Set against the success was an unenvied record of second places; during the same period Leeds were runners up in the League five times, losing finalists in the FA Cup three times, runners up in the Fairs Cup once, and losing 1–0 to AC Milan in the European Cup Winners Cup final.
It was also during this period that Leeds picked up the Dirty Leeds tag, which has stuck to this day. This nickname is, in part, due to the tenacious never-say-die attitude that Revie instilled into his players which, at times, was perceived as crossing the line with regards to fair play. Revie admitted that during the first half of his tenure Leeds "played for results".[7] However, the quality of the football Leeds played towards the end of Revie's reign has never been in doubt. Games such as the 7–0 victory over Southampton, or the 5–1 win over arch rivals Manchester United, which occurred in consecutive games in 1972 are important moments in the club's history.
1974 – The Three Fortnights of Brian Clough; Jimmy Armfield Replaces Him[link]
Revie's last season at Elland Road was in 1974, and he left Leeds to take up the role of managing the English national team. Brian Clough was appointed as Revie's successor. This was a surprise appointment, as Clough had been an outspoken critic of Revie and the team's tactics.[8] Beginning with the scandal ridden Charity Shield Match against FA Cup Champions Liverpool in which Billy Bremner and Kevin Keegan were both sent off at the hour for fighting and subsequently given large fines and 11 game suspensions, the team performed poorly under Clough in defending its 1973 League Championship title, and after only 44 days[9] he was dismissed and replaced by former England captain Jimmy Armfield. Armfield took Revie's ageing team to the final of the 1974–75 European Cup, where they were defeated by Bayern Munich under controversial circumstances.[10] The celebrated[11] Jonathan Peace novel The Damned Utd, (later made into a film directed by Tom Hooper) is based on this episode.
1975–1988: Legends fail as managers[link]
Assisted by coach Don Howe, Armfield rebuilt Revie's team, and though it no longer dominated English football, it remained in the top ten for subsequent seasons. However, the board was impatient for success and dismissed Armfield, replacing him with Jock Stein, who also lasted just 44 days before leaving to manage Scotland. The board turned to Jimmy Adamson but he was unable to stop the decline. In 1980 Adamson resigned and was replaced by former Leeds and England star Allan Clarke. Despite spending freely on players, he was unable to stem the tide and the club was relegated at the end of 1981–82. Clarke was replaced by former team-mate Eddie Gray.
With no money to spend on team building,[12] Gray concentrated on youth development, but was unable to guide them to promotion from the Second Division. The board again became impatient and sacked him in 1985, replacing him with another former Revie star, Billy Bremner.
Bremner carried on where Gray had left off, but found it just as difficult to achieve promotion, though he did bring the club close; Leeds got to the 1987 play-off final but were defeated by Charlton Athletic after extra time, a result which prevented Leeds from winning promotion and ensured that Charlton avoided relegation. Leeds also endured a near miss in the FA Cup, losing to Coventry City[13] in the semi-finals.
1988–1995: The second golden era[link]
In October 1988, with the team 21st in the Second Division, Bremner was fired to make way for Howard Wilkinson, who oversaw promotion back to the First Division in 1989–90. Under Wilkinson the club finished 4th in 1990–91 and then won the title in 1991–92. However, the 1992–93 season was a poor one, with Leeds exiting the Champions League in the early stages, and eventually finishing 17th in the League, narrowly avoiding relegation. Wilkinson's Leeds were unable to provide any consistent challenge for honours, and his position was not helped by a poor display in the 1996 League Cup final which Leeds lost to Aston Villa. Leeds could only finish 13th in 1995–96, and after a 4–0 home defeat to Manchester United early in 1996–97, Wilkinson had his contract terminated.
One of the legacies of Wilkinson and youth coach Paul Hart was that they helped develop Leeds United's youth academy, and as a result, the academy has produced numerous talented footballers for Leeds over the years.
1996–2001: Living the dream[link]
Leeds appointed George Graham as Wilkinson's replacement. The appointment was controversial[14] as Graham had previously received a one year ban from The Football Association for receiving illegal payments from a Football Agent. Graham made some astute purchases such as Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and also helped blood in some youngsters from Leeds' successful youth cup winning side, and by the end of the season Leeds had qualified for the following season's UEFA Cup.
In October 1998 Graham moved on to become manager of Tottenham Hotspur, and Leeds opted to replace him with assistant manager David O'Leary. Star striker Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink left Leeds for Atlético Madrid after a new contract couldn't be agreed with chairman Peter Ridsdale. O'Leary introduced promising youngsters, and signed Mark Viduka as Hasselbaink's replacement and also French midfielder Olivier Dacourt who broke Leeds' transfer record at the time.
O'Leary was assisted by Leeds legend Eddie Gray and Leeds secured 3rd place in the league, sending the club into the UEFA Champions League. Leeds' image was tarnished when players Jonathan Woodgate and Lee Bowyer were involved in an incident which left an Asian student in hospital with severe injuries. The resulting court case took nearly two years to resolve; Bowyer was cleared, and Woodgate convicted of affray and sentenced to community service.
In the UEFA Cup during that season, Leeds reached their first European semi-final in 25 years and were paired against Turkish champions Galatasaray in Istanbul. Leeds lost the game, but the result was overshadowed by the death of two Leeds fans, Christopher Loftus and Kevin Speight, who were stabbed to death before the game.[15][16] Leeds were only able to draw the return leg at Elland Road, thus going out of the competition. A minute's silence[17] is held every year at the match closest to the anniversary of the incident to remember Christopher Loftus and Kevin Speight.
The following season, Leeds broke their transfer record by signing West Ham and England International defender Rio Ferdinand for £18 million. Ferdinand was then named Leeds captain, replacing Lucas Radebe. Leeds reached the semi-final of the Champions League, eliminated by Valencia. Leeds were regarded as one of the best teams in Europe.
2001–2004: Financial implosion[link]
O'Leary's Leeds never finished outside of the top five, but following their defeat in the UEFA Champions League 2001 semi-final against Valencia their fortunes began to change. Under chairman Peter Ridsdale, Leeds had taken out large loans against the prospect of the share of the TV rights and sponsorship revenues that come with UEFA Champions League qualification and any subsequent progress in the competition. Leeds signed Robbie Fowler and Seth Johnson for large fees and big wages. However, Leeds narrowly failed to qualify for the Champions League losing out to 4th place to Newcastle United, and as a consequence did not receive enough income to repay the loans. The first indication that the club was in financial trouble was the sale of Rio Ferdinand to Manchester United for approximately £30 million. Ridsdale and O'Leary publicly fell out over the sale, and O'Leary was sacked and replaced by former England manager Terry Venables.
Leeds performed badly under Venables, and other players were sold to repay the loans, including Jonathan Woodgate, who Ridsdale had promised Venables would not be sold. Other star players such as Lee Bowyer, Nigel Martyn, Robbie Fowler, Robbie Keane and Harry Kewell were also sold over time, with Kewell's departure under rather acrimonious circumstances.
Tensions mounted between Ridsdale and Venables. Although some players had left, the team was still underachieving given the quality of players remaining. Venables chose to leave out the likes of Olivier Dacourt and David Batty, who had been two of Leeds' star players in the years prior. After a string of poor results and Leeds in the bottom half of the table, and with relations between chairman and manager still strained, Venables was eventually sacked and replaced by Peter Reid. During this time Ridsdale had resigned from the Leeds board, and was replaced by existing non-executive director Professor John McKenzie. By this time Leeds were in danger of relegation, but Reid saved Leeds from the drop in the penultimate game of the season.
Reid was given a permanent contract at Leeds the following summer. Due to player sales, lack of funds, and the failure to land targets Paolo Di Canio, Patrik Berger and Kléberson, he brought in 8 players on loan. This policy was not a success, with players such as Roque Júnior failing to live up to their reputations. An unsuccessful start to the 2003–04 season saw Peter Reid dismissed. Leeds were in turmoil with talk of dressing room unrest and poor performances on the pitch. Head coach Eddie Gray took over as caretaker manager until the end of the season.
Gerald Krasner, an insolvency specialist, led a consortium of local businessmen which took over Leeds and under his chairmanship oversaw the sale of the clubs' assets, including senior and emerging youth players of any value. Gray was perceived by many to be largely blameless for the performance of the team during the 2003–04 season as the majority of the squad was sold out from underneath him and despite his efforts, Leeds were relegated after 14 years in the top flight.
Following relegation, Gray's reign as caretaker manager was ended, and the then assistant manager Kevin Blackwell was appointed manager, his first managerial job in football. A mass exodus ensued as most of the remaining players were sold or released on free transfers to further reduce the high wage bill. Key players such as Mark Viduka, Dominic Matteo, Paul Robinson, Alan Smith and James Milner were all sold for relatively reduced fees. Blackwell was forced to rebuild almost the entire squad through free transfers. Leeds were eventually forced to sell both their training ground, for £4.2 million,[18] and their stadium[19] in the autumn of 2004.
2004–2007: Play-off failure and relegation[link]
The board finally sold the club to Ken Bates for £10 million.[20] Blackwell stabilised the team by signing players on free transfers and low wages and Leeds finished the 2004–05 season mid-table in the Championship. At the end of that season defender Lucas Radebe retired after a series of injuries and promising young player Aaron Lennon joined Tottenham Hotspur.
In the 2005–06 season Leeds finished in the top 6 and made the play-off final. Leeds had been favourites for automatic promotion, but after being in the top 3 for most of the season and pushing Sheffield United for second place, Leeds' form drastically dipped in the last quarter of the season. Following an impressive performance away to Preston in the playoff semi final, Leeds lost the final 3–0 to Watford. Striker Rob Hulse was sold in the pre season to Sheffield United and was replaced by loan striker Geoff Horsfield.
The 2006–07 season started badly with Leeds conceding late goals in several matches, and in September 2006 Blackwell's contract as manager of Leeds United was terminated. Leeds hired John Carver as caretaker manager but his spell was not a success. Carver was relieved of his duties and Dennis Wise was eventually installed as his replacement after a month without a permanent manager. Defender Matt Kilgallon left in January to join Sheffield United, and Wise was unable to lift the team out of the relegation zone for much of the season, despite bringing a number of experienced loan players and free transfers on short term deals into the squad. With relegation virtually assured, Leeds entered a Company Voluntary Arrangement (administration) on 4 May 2007, thus incurring a league imposed 10 point deduction which officially relegated the club to the third tier of English football.[21][22]
The relegation was the lowest point in the club's history, as Leeds United had never played any lower than the second tier of English football. The summer saw players such as David Healy and Robbie Blake leave, whilst long serving Gary Kelly retired after the relegation. Leeds, as they had after Premiership relegation three years previously, were forced to build a squad almost totally from scratch; with the future of the club uncertain Leeds could not sign any players until a few days before the opening game of the season against Tranmere Rovers.
2007–2010: Third tier for the first time[link]
The CVA was due to end on 3 July 2007, which would have allowed Bates to regain full control of the club. However HM Revenue & Customs challenged the CVA, a decision which could ultimately have resulted in the liquidation of the club.[23] Under league rules, if the club were still in administration at the start of the next season, Leeds would have been prevented from starting their campaign by the Football League.[24][25] Following the challenge by HMRC, the club was put up for sale by KPMG,[26] and once again Ken Bates' bid was accepted.[27] The league eventually sanctioned this under the "exceptional circumstances rule" but imposed a 15 point deduction due to the club not following football league rules on clubs entering administration.[28] On 31 August 2007 HMRC decided not to pursue their legal challenge any further.[29] Wise and his assistant Gus Poyet guided Leeds to a play-off place at the start of 2008, despite the 15-point deduction, which seemed to galvanise the Leeds players and fans and helped Leeds maintain an unbeaten start in the first quarter of the season. Assistant Manager Gus Poyet left to join Tottenham, and he was replaced by Dave Bassett. Wise controversially quit as manager on 28 January to take up a position in Kevin Keegan's new set-up at Newcastle United.[30]
The following day former club captain Gary McAllister was appointed as manager of the club with Steve Staunton brought in as his assistant.[31] In spite of this mid-season managerial change and a spell of poor form before Wise departed, plus the well-publicised 15-point deduction, Leeds went on to secure a play-off place with one game to spare. McAllister's loan signing Dougie Freedman had been instrumental in helping Leeds into the playoffs. They were however beaten 1–0 in the final by Doncaster Rovers in their first appearance at the new Wembley Stadium. Leeds had been favourites for the match but underperformed, with many of their players failing to play to their usual standards.
McAllister signed Andy Robinson, Luciano Becchio and Robert Snodgrass during the summer period. Leeds started the next season in fine form, playing attractive passing football and the emergence of Fabian Delph was an indication that the Leeds youth policy was still in rude health. However, the team became fragile in defence, leaking several late goals, and form drastically dropped. On 21 December 2008, McAllister was sacked after a run of poor results (5 defeats in a row), including the club's first defeat to non-league opponents, Histon, in the 2nd round of the FA Cup. At the time, Histon's goalscorer was working as a postman by day.
McAllister was replaced by Simon Grayson, who resigned from his post as manager of Blackpool FC to take the position, two days later.[32] Leeds' form improved under Grayson, who made a few loan signings to help strengthen the defence such as Richard Naylor and Sam Sodje. Leeds made the play-offs once again by finishing 4th; however, this time they did not make the play-off final, after being beaten over the two legs of the semi-finals 2–1 on aggregate by Millwall. In the summer Fabian Delph was transferred to Premier League side Aston Villa in a multi million pound move. Over the summer Grayson decided to strengthen the team by signing Patrick Kisnorbo, Max Gradel, Shane Higgs, Jason Crowe, Michael Doyle and Leigh Bromby. Richard Naylor was signed on a permanent deal and was made Leeds United captain on a full time basis, after having the armband whilst on loan previously.
The club opened the 2009–10 season with eight consecutive victories, thus recording the best start ever to a season by a Leeds side. Leeds lost 1–0 to Premier League team Liverpool in the League Cup. In the league, Leeds were top at the halfway point in the season with 56 points. On 26 December 2009, manager Simon Grayson celebrated a year in charge of Leeds. In his 46 league games in charge of Leeds, Leeds had accumulated 102 points, and scored 99 goals under his management.
In the third round of the FA Cup, Leeds created an upset against old rivals Manchester United at Old Trafford on 3 January 2010, beating them 1–0. It was the first time Leeds had triumphed at the ground since 1981; it was Alex Ferguson's first defeat in the FA Cup third round as Manchester United manager and the first time ever his side had fallen to a lower division side in the competition.[33] Leeds then faced Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane in the fourth round of the FA Cup. Leeds earned a 2–2 draw against Spurs after Jermaine Beckford scored from an injury-time penalty, but lost the replay 3–1 at Elland Road.
After the impressive run in the FA Cup, Leeds' league form suffered with the Whites taking just 7 points from the next 24 available and surrendering an 8-point lead at the top of League One to Norwich City. The poor run of form included a 2–1 home defeat to Walsall on 16 February; the match was the first home league game Leeds' had lost for 26 games, which stretched over a year. After a 1–1 home draw with Brentford on 6 March, Leeds were still in 2nd place, but with only a 2-point advantage over third-placed Charlton. On 9 March, Leeds won their first away league match of 2010 with a convincing 4–1 victory over Tranmere Rovers, giving them breathing space of five points from third place with 11 games remaining.
However on 22 March, Leeds lost 2–0 against Millwall at Elland Road, closing the gap between the two teams to just 3 points. Two further losses left Leeds in 4th place. Leeds also lost regular first-team player Patrick Kisnorbo for the rest of the season with a serious achilles injury and Preston defender Neill Collins was brought in on loan to replace him.
Leeds finally ended their winless run with a 2–1 win over Yeovil at Huish Park and a 2–0 home win over Southend. Leeds then made it three wins on the bounce with a comfortable 3–1 away win over Carlisle United despite Grayson deciding not to start with top scorer Jermaine Beckford, and instead opting for Max Gradel. The win moved Leeds back into second place and an automatic promotion spot; they were unable to continue the winning momentum in the next fixture as they went down 3–2 away at Gillingham, but still kept 2nd place. On 24 April Leeds responded with a 4–1 home win over MK Dons. In the penultimate league game Leeds lost the chance to be promoted as Millwall lost 2–0 away at Tranmere Rovers while Leeds lost 1–0 away at Charlton Athletic to a late own goal from captain Richard Naylor. A win would have seen Leeds promoted but the defeat still kept them in 2nd place, with their fate resting in their own hands going into the final game on 8 May. Leeds lay one point ahead of both Millwall and Swindon, two points clear of Charlton and three points ahead of local rivals Huddersfield.
Leeds' final match of the season at home to Bristol Rovers appeared to be going against them as Max Gradel was sent off and they went a goal down just after half time. Meanwhile Millwall were leading at home to Swindon, but Leeds responded with two goals in four minutes from Jonny Howson and Jermaine Beckford to turn the game around. Leeds held on to win 2–1, confirming promotion to The Championship, and sparking scenes of jubilation as fans ran onto the pitch. Beckford finished the season as Leeds' top scorer with a total of 31 goals in all competitions whilst Patrick Kisnorbo took both Fans' Player of the Year and Players' Player of the Year awards.
2010–present: Return to The Championship[link]
Leeds began the 2010–11 season in the Championship after ending a run of spiralling down the divisions. Long serving players such as Rui Marques and Casper Ankergren were released. Jermaine Beckford, Leeds' top scorer in the last three seasons, had his contract cancelled before he joined Premier League club Everton. Leeds, however, did make something of a transfer coup when they signed highly rated goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel, son of Manchester United keeper Peter. Leeds also signed Swindon striker Billy Paynter after his contract had expired; Paynter had scored 29 goals in the previous season. Pre-season training was marred when Patrick Kisnorbo suffered a ruptured achilles tendon, ruling him out of the first few months of the league campaign.
Leeds brought in right-back and former Derby County captain Paul Connolly, and later made their fourth summer signing by bringing in Swansea left-back Fede Bessone, who, like Luciano Becchio, had trained at Barcelona earlier in his career. Two new players later joined when the Whites re-signed Neill Collins from Preston for an undisclosed fee following his earlier loan spell; he was followed by Leeds-born winger Lloyd Sam, signed on a free transfer from Charlton. Simon Grayson's seventh signing saw the versatile Alex Bruce join from Ipswich Town for an undisclosed fee. Leeds completed their pre-season campaign on 31 July with an encouraging 3–1 win over Premier League side Wolverhampton Wanderers at Elland Road. Leeds' eighth signing came in the form of winger Sanchez Watt, who re-joined the club on loan after an impressive loan spell from Arsenal the previous season. The 9th signing of the summer was completed on 6 August when Leeds signed midfielder Adam Clayton on loan from Manchester City. Leeds lost their opening league fixture 2–1 against Derby County on 7 August at Elland Road. The first point of the league campaign came in the match against Nottingham Forest at the City Ground with a 1–1 draw.
Leeds picked up their first win in the Championship by beating rivals Millwall 3–1 at Elland Road, with South African striker Davide Somma scoring twice on his league debut. Leeds brought in the 11th and 12th signings of the season by bringing in Cardiff City striker Ross McCormack and Honduran trialist Ramón Núñez. Adam Clayton's loan move was made permanent for an unisclosed fee from Manchester City. On 9 September, Leeds signed Senegalese International Amdy Faye on a free transfer after a short trial. After Kasper Schmeichel picked up an ankle injury Leeds signed Jason Brown on loan from Blackburn Rovers to provide cover. On 23 September, Northern Ireland international George McCartney followed on an initial month loan deal from Sunderland. At the start of December Leeds found themselves challenging in and around the playoff spots. On Christmas Day 2010 Leeds were lying 2nd in The Championship. The day also coincided with the 2 year anniversary of the appointment of Simon Grayson.[34]
Leeds were also drawn away to Arsenal F.C. in the FA Cup, and managed to earn a draw; however, Arsenal won the replay at Elland Road 3–1. Leeds spent much of the rest of the season in the playoff places, but eventually finished in a respectable 7th place – just missing out on the playoffs. Leeds' top scorer for the season was Argentine striker Luciano Becchio who scored 20 goals in all competitions, closely followed by winger Max Gradel who scored 18 goals. Leeds also finished the season as the best supported club in the entire Football League with an average attendance of 27,299; the attendance figure was also higher than the average attendances of 9 Premier League clubs.[35]
On 30 April 2011, Leeds had their annual player of the season awards. Max Gradel won both the Fans Player Of The Season Award and also The Players Player Of The Season Award. Jonny Howson won the Young Player of the Year award and Bradley Johnson won the goal of the season award for his strike against Arsenal.[36]
In May 2011 it was announced that Leeds Chairman Ken Bates had bought the club and became the owner of Leeds.[37] In May 2011, Leeds released captain Richard Naylor and Shane Higgs. Midfielders Neil Kilkenny and Bradley Johnson also left the club as well as prominent loan players Eric Lichaj, Sanchez Watt and George McCartney who returned to their parent clubs. First choice goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel was also told he could leave the club, with a bid accepted for the Danish keeper from Leicester City. On 23 June 2011 Leeds made their first signing of the summer with American keeper Paul Rachubka signing on a free transfer from Blackpool. Schmeichel was sold to Leicester City for an undisclosed fee with Leeds looking to address their poor goals against ratio. Leeds also signed veteran midfielder Michael Brown on a free transfer. 25 July Leeds completed the signing of goalkeeper Andy Lonergan from Preston North End. On 4 August, Leeds signed Irish centre back Darren O'Dea on a season long loan. On 6 August Leeds were comprehensively beaten 3–1 in their opening game of the season away to Southampton.[38] Before the match against Middlesbrough, Leeds fans protested at Ken Bates about lack of investment in the playing side, in which Bates responded by calling Leeds fans 'morons'.[39] On transfer deadline day Leeds sold star player Max Gradel to St. Etienne.[40] In September, Leeds signed Finnish internationals Mikael Forssell and Mika Väyrynen on free transfers.[41][42] After being knocked out of the League Cup by bitter rivals Manchester United[43] Leeds re-signed former player Danny Pugh on 22 September. [44]
On 1 February 2012, manager Simon Grayson was sacked after spending three successful years at Elland Road.[45] His last match was a 4–1 defeat against promotion rivals, Birmingham City. Neil Warnock, who was sacked as Queens Park Rangers manager in January was appointed as the club's new manager on 18th February, with his initial contract lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season.[46]
On 4 May 2012, Warnock made his first purcahse of the summer by signing Jason Pearce from Portsmouth for £500,000 on a 4 year deal.[47]
On 29 May, 2012, it was reported that the Toronto-based sports company Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment (owners of the Toronto Maple Leafs NHL team and CONCACAF/MLS club Toronto FC, among other properties) were in talks to purchase the team, after the Leeds United Supporters Trust put out a request for a takeover from Ken Bates. However, MLSE later denied that it was in the running to acquire the team.[48]
Colours and badge[link]
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| Leeds' first home colours |
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| Leeds' home kit before changing to all white. 1934–1950 |
In Leeds' first fifteen years the club kit was modelled on Huddersfield Town's blue and white striped shirts, white shorts and dark blue socks with blue and white rings on the turnovers,[49][50] because Huddersfield's chairman Hilton Crowther was attempting to merge the two clubs.[50] He eventually left Huddersfield to take over at Leeds.
In 1934 Leeds switched to blue and yellow halved shirts incorporating the city crest badge, white shorts and blue socks with yellow tops.[50] The kit was worn for the first time on 22 September 1934.[50] The club also adopted their first badge in 1934, using the city crest as Leeds City had. In 1950 Leeds switched to yellow shirts with blue sleeves and collars, white shorts and black, blue and gold hooped socks. In 1955 Leeds changed again to royal blue shirts with gold collars, white shorts, and blue and yellow hooped socks, thus echoing the original Leeds City strip.[50]
File:Leedscitycouncil.png
Leeds City Council coat of arms
In 1961 Don Revie introduced a plain white strip throughout, in the hope of emulating Spanish side Real Madrid. A perching owl was added the strip in 1964 as the clubs emblem. The design was a surprise, given Revie's superstition about the symbolism of birds. The owl came from the city crest, which itself was based on the crest of Sir John Saville, the first alderman of Leeds. In the late 1960s and early 1970s Leeds used the LUFC script found running down the centre of the current badge, however this was presented in a diagonal fashion rather than the current vertical. In 1973 came the embodiment of seventies imagery with the iconic LU smiley badge. Revie's predilection for gimmicks was years ahead of its time, and done with the explicit intention of gaining acceptance from a public outside West Yorkshire.[50]
In 1977 the smiley badge was reversed from yellow with blue smiley to blue with yellow smiley and the following year it was back to yellow but enclosed in a circle with the words Leeds United Afc surrounding it.
In 1978–79 a new badge was adorned which was similar to the previous season's smiley but had the design of a peacock.
In 1984 a new club badge was introduced, lasting until 1998, making it the longest lived of the modern era. The rose and ball badge was distinctive, in the traditional blue, gold and white, incorporating the White Rose of York, together with the club's name.
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LeedsUnitedB.png
Leeds' crest, 1984–1998
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Leeds United Logo.png
Leeds' crest, 1998–present
Stadium and supporters[link]
Main article: Elland Road
Leeds' stadium Elland Road is an all-seater football stadium situated in the Beeston area of the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Elland Road has been the permanent residence of Leeds since the club's foundation in 1919 and it was previously occupied by their predecessors, Leeds City.[51] The stadium is the 12th largest football stadium in England, and the second largest ground outside the Premier League.
Elland Road was sold by the club in October 2004 with a 25-year sale-leaseback deal being agreed. A commercial buy-back clause was also included for when the club's finances improve. According to a recent Board of Directors statement, Leeds United should have become debt free in the 2006–07 season. However, the club went into administration at the end of the 2006–07 season.
Initially the ground was the home of the Holbeck Rugby Club who played in the northern rugby union, the forerunner of the rugby football league.[52] One of Leeds' first nicknames, 'The Peacocks', comes from the original name of Elland Road – 'The Old Peacock ground'. It was named by the original owners of the ground, Bentley's Brewery, after their pub 'The Old Peacock' which still faces the site.[2]
When Leeds United were formed, the council allowed the new club to rent the stadium until they could afford to buy it themselves. With the exception of periods from the 1960s until 1983, and from 1997 to 2004, the council has owned the stadium.[53] It is however owned by a leasing company at present.
The most recent stand at Elland Road is the East or Family Stand, a cantilever structure completed during the 1992–93 season, and which can hold 17,000 seated spectators. It is a two tiered stand which continues around the corners, and is the largest part of the stadium. The Don Revie Stand was opened at the start of the 1994–95 season, and can hold just under 7,000 seated spectators.[specify] The roof of the West Stand holds a television commentary gantry and walkway for TV personnel. Elland Road was named in December 2009 as one of the contenders for the England 2018 World Cup bid, as a result of the bid Leeds have drawn up plans to re-develop parts of Elland Road and increase the capacity of the stadium. Ken Bates also revealed plans to take out the exectutive boxes out of the South Stand to increase the starting capacity by a further 2–3 thousand. More exectutive boxes would be built in the east stand.
The supporters are renowned for singing signature song 'Marching On Together' during matches, other notable songs Leeds fans sing during games are 'We Are The Champions, Champions Of Europe' (more commonly known as WACCOE) in reference to the 1975 European Cup final when dubious refereeing decisions cost Leeds the title, and also the chance to defend the title, meaning Leeds would technically still be "Champions of Europe". Other popular chants commonly used by Leeds fans are 'Leeds, Leeds, Leeds' and 'Glory, Glory, Leeds United'.
Alex Ferguson has said that Elland Road has one of the most intimidating atmospheres in European Football.[54] Leeds are 10th in the all time average attendance figures for the Football League and Premier League.[55] They have the third most rivalries in the English League[56] but however are, allegedly, the most hated club in English football as of the start of the 2008–09 season.[57]
Peter Reid commented after being relieved of his managerial duties at Elland Road that "In 30 years I've never seen support like I did at the Arsenal game [at Elland Road] a couple of weeks ago. The fans at Leeds are fantastic."[58] Reid was also joined by two other previous managers on the eve of Leeds' first appearance in the third tier. Reid said that "the support is fantastic" and "incredible", Blackwell said "fans will follow them everywhere" and O'Leary commented "There is an immense fan base and they are still with the club".[59]
Leeds United fans also have a salute which is known as the 'Leeds Salute'[60]
Yorkshire Radio, LUTV and Leeds, Leeds, Leeds[link]
Leeds United own their own radio station Yorkshire Radio which broadcasts on DAB Digital Radio and LUTV.[61] Leeds also own their own internet television channel called LUTV, which is available through subscription to watch online.[62] LUTV features a daily news programme, player and staff interviews, match highlights (both first team and reserve) and exclusive commentary of all Leeds matches which can otherwise only be obtained on Minster FM and Yorkshire Radio after BBC Radio Leeds failed to negotiate a package to continue broadcasting commentary of the club's matches. Live match commentary is by Thom Kirwin and Leeds United legend Eddie Gray.[63]
The club also publish their own magazine 'Leeds, Leeds, Leeds' which was first published in 1998. In recent years, the magazine was taken out of circulation in newsagents, supermarkets etc., so was only available to official club members by mail or by purchase in the official club shop.
Rivalries[link]
Main articles: Leeds United A.F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry, Chelsea F.C.–Leeds United A.F.C. rivalry, and West Yorkshire derby
Leeds' biggest rivalry has been with Manchester United, due to the traditional rivalry between the counties of Lancashire and Yorkshire (often described as a "War of the Roses", though the historical Wars of the Roses had little to do with geographical counties).[citation needed] Additionally, a fierce rivalry with Chelsea dates back to several heated and controversial matches during the 1960s and 1970s, particularly the 1970 FA Cup Final.[citation needed]
One of Leeds' biggest rivalries is with Turkish club Galatasaray after two Leeds fans were murdered by Galatasaray supporters before a UEFA Cup fixture in April 2000.[64] When former Leeds player Harry Kewell moved to Galatasaray in 2008 it caused uproar with Leeds supporters.[65][66][67]
Music[link]
Main articles: Marching On Together and Glory Glory Leeds United
In April 1972 the Leeds squad released a single, "Leeds United" with the b-side being "Leeds! Leeds! Leeds!" (commonly known as "Marching On Together"). It was issued to coincide with the team reaching the 1972 FA Cup Final; the vocals on the original recording were by the Leeds team. The record reached number 10 in the UK singles chart.[68] After Leeds' promotion back to the Championship in May 2010, the song was digitally re-mastered and re-released in an effort to get the song into the UK Singles Chart. By 4 pm on Monday, the song was already sitting 8th in the iTunes store charts and top of both the Amazon.com and Play.com singles charts. On the Official Chart Company's Official Chart Update the song charted at 10 (for the second time in its history) and was the highest new entry apart from B.o.B's Nothin' On You. Whilst it is not officially the club anthem, "Marching On Together" is played before every home game. Unlike many football songs that are just new words set to existing music, "Leeds Leeds Leeds" is an original composition by Les Reed and Barry Mason, purposely written for Leeds United.
For many years, Strings for Yasmin by Tin Tin Out was played before kick off at Elland Road, however it was replaced in the 2008–09 season with Eye of the Tiger by Survivor and in the 2009–10 season with, Dance of the Knights, composed by Sergei Prokofiev. Nightmare by Brainbug is currently played before the start of the second half.
Players[link]
Current squad[link]
- As of 4 May 2012.[69]
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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(Note) † Symbol - Indicates the player is currently 'Transfer Listed' by the club.[70]
Reserve and youth team[link]
Main article: Leeds United A.F.C. Reserves and Youth Team
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Notable players[link]
Main article: List of Leeds United A.F.C. players
Backroom staff[link]
Club officials[link]
Main article: Leeds United A.F.C. Personnel
| Life Patron | Patricia, Countess of Harewood |
| Chairman | Ken Bates |
| Directors | Ken Bates Shaun Harvey Yvonne Allen Peter Lorimer |
| Chief Executive Officer | Shaun Harvey |
| Catering Director | Norbert Pinchler |
| Head of Commercial | Steve Lewis |
| Director of Commercial Affairs | Paul Bell |
| Marketing Manager | Hayley Kelly |
| Head of Advertising Sales | Ian Smith |
| Ticket Services Manager | Katie Holmes Lewis |
| Access Systems | Mark Broadley |
| Membership/Customer Services | Lorna Tinkler |
| Retail Manager | Daniel Jeffery |
| Head of Media | Paul Dews |
Last updated: 21 October 2011
Source: Leeds United: The Next Chapter – Official Handbook 2008/09
Coaching and medical staff[link]
First team[link]
| Position | Staff |
|---|---|
| Manager |  Neil Warnock |
| Assistant Manager | Mick Jones |
| First Team Coach | Ronnie Jepson |
| Goalkeeping Coach | Andy Leaning |
| Head Physio | Harvey Sharman |
| Fitness Coach | Matt Pears |
| Assistant Physio | Paul Perkins |
| Performance Analyst | Alex Davies |
Last updated: 18 Feb 2012
Source: Leeds United A.F.C. 2009/10 Season Official Handbook
Academy[link]
| Position | Staff |
|---|---|
| Academy Manager | Vacant |
| Reserves + Under 18s & Under 16's Coach | Neil Redfearn |
| Interim Youth team Coach | Bobby Davison[72] |
| Under 16s Coach | Phil Wilson |
| Under 14s Coach | Dennis Oates |
| Under 12s Coach | Chris Coates |
| Under 10s Coach | Mike Morton |
| Under 9s Coach | Alan Parkes |
| Under 8s Coach |  Arthur Graham |
| Head of Recruitment and Development | Steve Holmes |
| Academy Coach (Part Time) | Leam Richardson[73] |
| Youth Team Coach (Part Time) | Gavin Rothery |
| Goalkeeping Coach | Ian Wilcox |
| Assistant Goalkeeping Coach | Rudi Coleano |
| Academy Goalkeeping Coach | Lee Kelsey |
| Head Physio | Alan Sutton |
| Assistant Physio | David Schrivener |
| Head Physio's Assistant | Alan Scorfield |
| Academy Scout | Terry Potter |
Last updated: 11 Mar
Source: Leeds United A.F.C. 2009/10 Season Official Handbook, Leeds United Academy Outfield & Goalkeeping Belfast Open Trial
Other staff[link]
| Position | Staff |
|---|---|
| Technical Director |  Gwyn Williams |
| Chief Scout | Vacant |
| Head of Football Administration | Alison Royston |
| Kit Man | Chris Beasley |
| Head of Recruitment and Development | Steve Holmes |
| Marketing And Commercial Partnerships Manager | Katy Barton |
| Commercial Sales Executive | Charlotte Taylor |
| Development and Recruitment Officer | Terry Potter |
| Education and Welfare Officer | Lucy Ward[74] |
| Head Groundsman | Norman Southernwood |
| Elland Road Tour Guide |  John McClelland[75] |
| Yorkshire Radio Commentator | Thom Kirwin[63] |
| Yorkshire Radio Co-Commentator | Eddie Gray[63] |
| Yorkshire Radio Station Director & Pitch Announcer | Ben Fry[76] |
Last updated: 23 Jul 2010
Source: Leeds United A.F.C. 2009/10 Season Official Handbook
League history[link]
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Club honours[link]
Domestic competition[link]
- League titles
- [77]
- First Division
- Runners Up (1) 2009–10
- Football League play-offs
- Runners Up (1) 1986–87
- Runners Up (1) 2005–06
- Runners Up (1) 2007–08
- Cups
- Winners (2) 1993, 1997
European competition[link]
- Runners Up (1) 1975
- Runners Up (1) 1973
- Runners Up (1) 1971
Unofficial competition[link]
Personnel honours[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2011) |
Main article: List of Leeds United A.F.C. players
English Football Hall of Fame[link]
The following have either played for or managed Leeds and have been inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame :
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Players
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Managers
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Scottish Football Hall of Fame[link]
The following have either played for or managed Leeds and have been inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame :
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Players
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Managers
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Welsh Sports Hall of Fame[link]
The following have played for Leeds and have been inducted into the Welsh Sports Hall of Fame :
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Players
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European Hall of Fame[link]
The following have played for Leeds and have been inducted into the European Hall of Fame :
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Players |
Managers |
Football League 100 Legends[link]
The following have played for Leeds and were included in the Football League 100 Legends :
FWA Player of the Year[link]
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The following have won the Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year award whilst playing for Leeds : |
PFA Players' Player of the Year[link]
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The following have won the PFA Players' Player of the Year award whilst playing for Leeds : |
PFA Young Player of the Year[link]
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The following have won the PFA Young Player of the Year award whilst playing for Leeds : |
PFA Team of the Year[link]
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The following have been included in the PFA Team of the Year whilst playing for Leeds :
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Football League Awards[link]
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The following have won the Football League's Player of the Year whilst playing for Leeds :
The following have won the Football League's Young Player of the Year whilst playing for Leeds : |
Goal of the Season[link]
The following have won the Goal of the Season award whilst playing for Leeds :
Shirt sponsors and manufacturers[link]
| Year | Kit Manufacturer | Main Shirt Sponsor | Secondary Sponsor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1972–73 | Umbro | none | |
| 1973–81 | Admiral | ||
| 1981–83 | Umbro | RFW | |
| 1983–84 | Systime | ||
| 1984–85 | WKG | ||
| 1985–86 | Lion Cabinets | ||
| 1986–89 | Burton | ||
| 1989–91 | Top Man | ||
| 1991–92 | Evening Post | ||
| 1992–93 | Admiral | Admiral | |
| 1993–96 | Asics | Thistle Hotels | |
| 1996–00 | Puma | Packard Bell | |
| 2000–03 | Nike | Strongbow | |
| 2003–04 | Whyte & MacKay | ||
| 2004–05 | Diadora | Rhodar | |
| 2005–06 | Admiral | ||
| 2006–07 | Bet 24 | Empire Direct | |
| 2007–08 | Red Kite | OHS | |
| 2008–11 | Macron | NetFlights.com | |
| 2011– | Enterprise Insurance |
In popular culture[link]
- The Damned Utd – A fictional best-selling novel by David Peace based on Brian Clough's tenure as manager of Leeds United.
- The Damned United – A 2009 film based on the above novel.
- The Penalty King – A 2006 film about a Leeds United fan whom goes blind after an accident and uses the Legend of Billy Bremner as inspiration to take up Football again.
- Leeds United – A Song by Amanda Palmer.
- Paint It White: Following Leeds Everywhere and Leeds United: The Second Coat – Bestselling books by Gary Edwards, a man who has missed only one game, including friendlies, since he started watching Leeds United in 1968.
- English: Own Goal – A BBC Schools Drama set in and around Elland Road based around a group of children who tackle criminals forging fake shirts and tickets.[78]
- Since the club's dramatic demise in the 2000s, the phrase "doing a Leeds" has entered English football terminology to refer to the potential pitfalls faced by any club due to over-spending or failing to qualify for the UEFA Champion's league.[79][80][81][82]
See also[link]
- Football in Yorkshire
- Sport in Leeds
- Square Ball – a Leeds United fanzine
References[link]
- ^ "Club Records". www.leedsunited.com. 21 May 2007. http://www.leedsunited.com/page/Records/0,,10273,00.html. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
- ^ a b "WAFLL – Elland Road History". WAFLL. http://www.wafll.com/elland-road/elland-road-history.html. Retrieved 8 May 2007.
- ^ "History of the Club – the birth of Leeds United". mightyleeds.co.uk. http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:vMco5ZgZH4oJ:www.mightyleeds.co.uk/history/unitedbirth.htm+%22Leeds+United+Association+Football+Club%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=6. Retrieved 26 December 2006.
- ^ "Chelsea climbing the popularity table but Man United still the team to beat". roymorgan.com. 12 May 2006. http://www.roymorgan.com/news/press-releases/2006/490/. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
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- ^ "Welcome To Elland Road", Les Rowley & James Brown (1999), IFG Publishing, ISBN 0-9536338-0-2
- ^ Broadbent, Rick (9 October 2006). "Novel approach to Clough story". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,27-2395447,00.html. Retrieved 19 December 2007.
- ^ "1983–84". Tony Hill. ozwhitelufc.net.au. http://www.ozwhitelufc.net.au/1982-1988.php. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
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- ^ "1996–97". Tony Hill. ozwhitelufc.net.au. http://www.ozwhitelufc.net.au/1996-2006.php. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
- ^ "Fans killed in Turkey violence". BBC News (BBC). 6 April 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/703283.stm. Retrieved 17 September 2006.
- ^ "Turk 'admits' stabbing Leeds fan". BBC News (BBC). 7 April 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/704680.stm. Retrieved 17 September 2006.
- ^ "Silence for killed Leeds fans". BBC News (BBC). 9 April 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/706936.stm. Retrieved 17 September 2006.
- ^ "Leeds hopeful over new investors". BBC Sport (BBC). 24 October 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/3948841.stm. Retrieved 31 October 2006.
- ^ "Leeds sell ground after bid fails". BBC Sport (BBC). 12 November 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/3995041.stm. Retrieved 31 October 2006.
- ^ "Bates completes takeover of Leeds". BBC Sport (BBC). 21 January 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/4191871.stm. Retrieved 31 October 2006.
- ^ "Leeds Utd calls in administrators". BBC Sport (BBC). 4 May 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6624731.stm. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
- ^ "Relegated Leeds in administration". BBC Sport (BBC). 4 May 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/6625751.stm. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
- ^ "HM Revenue to challenge Leeds Utd". BBC Sport. 3 July 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6266508.stm. Retrieved 3 July 2007.
- ^ "Leeds 'may not start next season'". BBC News. 6 July 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6277752.stm. Retrieved 6 July 2007.
- ^ David Conn and Matt Scott (27 July 2007). "Leeds United: the unanswered questions". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/blog/2007/jul/27/leedsunitedtheunansweredqu. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
- ^ "Debt-ridden Leeds put up for sale". BBC News. 6 July 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6279340.stm. Retrieved 7 July 2007.
- ^ "Leeds United resold to Ken Bates". BBC News. 11 July 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6292746.stm. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
- ^ "Leeds hit with 15-point penalty". BBC Sport. 4 August 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/6920103.stm. Retrieved 4 August 2007.
- ^ Paul Robinson (31 August 2007). "Taxman pulls out of Leeds United court challenge". Yorkshire Evening Post. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928075445/http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/leeds-united-news/Taxman-pulls-out-of-Leeds.3163456.jp. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
- ^ "Wise quits Leeds for Magpies role". BBC Sport. 28 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/7213096.stm. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ "McAllister named new Leeds boss". BBC Sport. 29 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/7215732.stm. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
- ^ "Blackpool consider legal action over Grayson's Leeds appointment". London: The Guardian (guardian.co.uk). 23 December 2008. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/dec/23/leeds-united-manager-simon-greyson. Retrieved 28 December 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Man Utd 0–1 Leeds United". BBC Sport. 4 January 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/8433901.stm. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ "News | Grayson Looks Back With Pride". Leeds United. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20101223/grayson-looks-back-with-pride_2247585_2250531. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ "News | Top Of The League – Thanks To You". Leeds United. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20110505/top-of-the-league-thanks-to-you_2247585_2353093. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ "News | Max Scoops Up The Gongs". Leeds United. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20110502/max-scoops-up-the-gongs_2247585_2351136. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ "Leeds confirm Bates as new owner". BBC News. 3 May 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/13274550.stm.
- ^ "News | United Crash At Southampton". Leeds United. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20110806/united-crash-at-southampton_2247585_2411474. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Press Association (17 August 2011). "Ken Bates lambasts Leeds United 'morons' for protests against him | Football | guardian.co.uk". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/aug/17/ken-batest-lambasts-leeds-morons. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
- ^ "Ivorian winger Max Gradel leaves Leeds for St Etienne after handing in a transfer request". BBC Sport. 31 August 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/14725400.stm. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
- ^ "News | News | News | Forssell Signs For United". Leeds United. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20110908/forssell-signs-for-united_2247585_2444880. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
- ^ "News | News | News | International Midfielder Signs". Leeds United. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20110913/international-midfielder-signs_2247585_2449861. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
- ^ "Leeds vs Man Utd". Leeds Official Website. 20 September 2011. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20110920/carling-cup-live_2247585_2457062. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
- ^ "UNITED SEAL PUGH RETURN". LUFC. 22 September 2011. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20110922/united-seal-pugh-return_2247585_2458412. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16839801 Simon Grayson sacked as manager by Leeds United
- ^ Sky Sports. http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11715/7529263/Warnock-takes-Whites-reins.
- ^ "Pearce becomes signing number one". Leeds United A.F.C.. 4 May 2012. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20120504/pearce-becomes-signing-number-one_2247585_2759594. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Hay, Phil (2012-05-29). "Leeds United in takeover talks with investors UPDATED". Yorkshire Evening Post. http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/sport/leeds-united/latest-whites-news/leeds-united-in-takeover-talks-with-investors-updated-1-4594092. Retrieved 2012-05-29.
- ^ "Leeds United". Dave Moor. Historical Kits. August 2006. http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Leeds_United/Leeds_United.htm. Retrieved 13 October 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f "Mighty Mighty Whites". Leeds United Fan Club. mightyleeds.co.uk. 2006. http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/misc/kits.htm. Retrieved 25 December 2006.
- ^ "Leeds United – Records, Achievements & Tidbits". wafll.com. http://www.wafll.com/leeds-records/. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ "Mighty Mighty Whites". Leeds United Fan Club. mightyleeds.co.uk. 2007. http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/history/footballinyorks.htm. Retrieved 27 January 2007.
- ^ "Fan's Briefing Paper". John Boocock. Leeds Sporting PLC. 13 August 2001. http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/jboocock/lufc/briefing.htm. Retrieved 2 July 2007.
- ^ Shaw, Phil (27 September 1997). "Football: Ferguson prepared for Elland Road examination". The Independent (UK: findarticles.com). http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19970927/ai_n14131572. Retrieved 26 December 2006.
- ^ "All Time League Attendance Records". Niall Mackenzie. Newcastle's Unofficial Fans Collaboration. 4 September 2006. Archived from the original on 7 September 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060907102853/http://www.nufc.com/html/attendance-all-time.html. Retrieved 12 September 2006.
- ^ "Rivalry Uncovered!" (PDF). Football Fans Census. footballfanscensus.com. 2004. http://www.footballfanscensus.com/issueresults/Club_Rivalries_Uncovered_Results.pdf. Retrieved 12 September 2006.
- ^ "Survey says: We all loathe Leeds United!". The Sun (London). 9 August 2008. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article1535214.ece. Retrieved 18 August 2008.
- ^ "Reid reveals regret". BBC Sport (BBC). 11 November 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/3261069.stm. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
- ^ "Ex-bosses tip fans to boost Leeds". BBC Sport (BBC). 5 August 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/6932029.stm. Retrieved 5 August 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "THE (UN)OFFICIAL STORY OF THE LEEDS SALUTE". LeedsUnited.com. 25 June 2009. http://www.leedsunited.com/page/LatestNewsDetail/0,,10273~1702971,00.html. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
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- ^ a b c "Features and Shows". Yorkshireradio.net. 27 January 2010. http://www.yorkshireradio.net/view-features-and-shows.php?sid=9. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
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- ^ "Kewell defends Galatasaray move". BBC News. 7 July 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/7493885.stm.
- ^ "Kewell defends controversial Galatasaray deal: It's time to move on, he tells Leeds fans". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1032234/Kewell-defends-Galatasaray-deal-Its-time-tells-Leeds-fans.html.
- ^ "When Saturday Comes – The Half Decent Football Magazine – Kewell move angers Leeds fans". Wsc.co.uk. 17 July 2008. http://www.wsc.co.uk/content/view/961/76/. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Guinness British Hit Singles 12th Edition. Guinness Publishing. ISBN 0-85112-092-X.
- ^ "First team". Leeds United A.F.C.. http://www.leedsunited.com/page/PlayerProfileIndex/0,,10273,00.html. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
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- ^ "News | Former Favourite Bobby Comes Home". Leeds United. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20101111/former-favourite-bobby-comes-home_2247585_2216120. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Sky Sports. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12874_6962006,00.html.
- ^ Irvine, Christopher (25 April 2005). "Agony Aunts dual role strikes chord with Leeds youngsters". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article385013.ece.
- ^ "The Club | Stadium tours | Stadium Tours". Leeds United. http://www.leedsunited.com/page/StadiumTours/0,,10273,00.html. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ "Fm Commentary Partnership Continues". Leedsunited.com. http://www.leedsunited.com/news/20100629/fm-commentary-partnership-continues_2247585_2080398. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ "leeds fans Honours". leeds-fans.org.uk. 20 July 2003. http://www.leeds-fans.org.uk/leeds/history/Honours.html. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
- ^ "BFI – Film & Database – Own Goal (2000)". Ftvdb.bfi.org.uk. http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/687158. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ "Road to ruin". The Herald (Newsquest). 17 February 2007. Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5n0NhKWds. Retrieved 23 January 2010. "The first thing which comes to mind about Leeds United today is...their freefall, the collapse into the state they are in now because of Ridsdale's ruinous decision-making. They have become the biggest victim of all the money which has washed around English football in the Premiership era. Every other board of directors in the land is frightened of "doing a Leeds"."
- ^ Wilson, Paul (23 March 2003). "Catchy Toon could be a classic". The Guardian (UK). Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5n0N3uXGA. Retrieved 23 January 2010. "...'doing a Leeds' has entered the language of English football. There is now an understandable worry that any club trying to haul themselves up on the Champions League ladder will crash spectacularly to earth in a couple of seasons."
- ^ Lovejoy, Joe (20 February 2005). "Everton 0 Manchester 2: Irresistible United march on". The Times (UK). Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5n0MNJAat. Retrieved 23 January 2010. "those erstwhile fans turning on him now should ponder the fact that his £28m transfer probably saved their club from "doing a Leeds", as financial meltdown has come to be known"
- ^ Robson, Leo (25 March 2009). "Damned to football". The Times (UK). Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5n0Kkbsjq. Retrieved 23 January 2010. "This is the fate to which Peter Ridsdale, the chairman from 1997 until 2003, consigned the club with his profligacy and risk-taking; the phrase "doing a Leeds" is now a recognized one to describe a major club that fades away"
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Leeds United A.F.C. |
- Leeds United A.F.C. on BBC Sport: Club news – Recent results – Upcoming fixtures – Club statistics
- Official Website
- Sky Sports
- Soccerbase
- ESPNsoccernet
- Leeds Fans
- Leeds Utd Mad
- 'Loiners of Leeds United' A complete list of all Leeds born Leeds Utd players.
- 'Leeds United Books' A Leeds United bibliography: a definitive list of all the books published on Leeds United Football Club and related personalities.
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds_United_A.F.C.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the city of Leeds in England. For the administrative district, see City of Leeds. For other uses, see Leeds (disambiguation).
| Leeds | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City and Metropolitan Borough — | |||
| City of Leeds | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Motto: "Pro rege et lege" "For king and the law" | |||
 |
|||
| Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 | |||
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
| Constituent country | England | ||
| Region | Yorkshire and the Humber | ||
| Ceremonial county | West Yorkshire | ||
| Admin HQ | Leeds city centre | ||
| Borough Charter | 1207 | ||
| Town Charter | 1626 | ||
| City status | 1893 | ||
| City of Leeds Met. District created | 1974 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Metropolitan borough, City | ||
| • Governing body | Leeds City Council | ||
| • Lord Mayor | Cllr James McKenna (L) | ||
| • Leader of the Council | Cllr Keith Wakefield (L) | ||
| • Chief Executive | Tom Riordan | ||
| • MPs: | Stuart Andrew (C) Ed Balls (L) |
||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 213 sq mi (551.72 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 33–1,115 ft (10–340 m) | ||
| Population (2010 est.) | |||
| • Total | 798,800 (Ranked 2nd) | ||
| • Density | 3,574/sq mi (1,380/km2) | ||
| • Ethnicity (2001 census)[1] |
89.1% White 5.4% Asian or Asian British 2.0% Black or Black British 1.7% Mixed Race 1.8% Chinese and other |
||
| Demonym | Loiner/Leodensian | ||
| Time zone | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | British Summer Time (UTC+1) | ||
| Postcode | LS,part of WF and also part of BD. | ||
| Area code(s) | 0113 (urban core) 01924 (Wakefield nos) 01937 (Wetherby/ Boston Spa) 01943 (Guiseley/ Otley) 01977 (Pontefract nos) |
||
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-LDS | ||
| ONS code | 00DA | ||
| NUTS 3 | UKE42 | ||
| OS grid reference | SE296338 | ||
| Euro. Parlt. Const. | Yorkshire & the Humber | ||
| Website | www.leeds.gov.uk | ||
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 Leeds (i/ˈliːdz/) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England.[2] In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247,[3] while the entire city has a population of 798,800 (2011 est.),[4] making it the 24th-most populous city in the European Union
Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area,[5][6][7] which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million,[8] and the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan Area, of which Leeds is the integral part, had a population of around 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom.[9] In addition, the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million.[10] Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London,[11][12][13][14][15] and its office market is the best in Europe for value.[16] Leeds is considered a Gamma World City, alongside cities such as Phoenix, St. Petersburg and Valencia.[17]
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Leeds can trace its recorded history to the 5th century when the Kingdom of Elmet was covered by the forest of "Loidis", the origin of the name Leeds. The name has been applied to many administrative entities over the centuries. It changed from being the appellation of a small manorial borough, in the 13th century, through several incarnations, to being the name attached to the present metropolitan borough. In the 17th and 18th centuries Leeds became a major centre for the production and trading of wool. Then, during the Industrial Revolution, Leeds developed into a major industrial centre; wool was still the dominant industry but flax, engineering, iron foundries, printing, and other industries were important.[18] From being a compact market town in the valley of the River Aire in the 16th century Leeds expanded and absorbed the surrounding villages to become a populous urban centre by the mid-20th century.
Public transport, rail and road communications networks in the region are focused on Leeds and there are a number of twinning arrangements with towns and cities in other countries. Its assigned role in the Leeds City Region partnership recognises the city's importance to regional economic development.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Leeds
Toponymy[link]
The name Leeds derives from "Loidis", the name given to a forest covering most of the Brythonic kingdom of Elmet, which existed during the 5th century into the early 7th century.[19] Bede states in the fourteenth chapter of his Historia ecclesiastica, in a discussion of an altar surviving from a church erected by Edwin of Northumbria, that it is located in "...regione quae vocatur Loidis", the region known as Loidis. An inhabitant of Leeds is locally known as a Loiner, a word of uncertain origin.[20]
Economic development[link]
Leeds developed as a market town in the Middle Ages as part of the local agricultural economy. Prior to the Industrial Revolution it had become a co-ordination centre for the making of woollen cloth; with white broadcloth being traded at the Leeds White Cloth Hall.[21] Leeds was handling one sixth of England's export trade in 1770.[22] Growth, initially in textiles, was accelerated by the building of the Aire and Calder Navigation in 1699 and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1816.[23] The railway network constructed around Leeds, starting with the Leeds and Selby Railway in 1834, provided improved communications with national markets and, significantly for its development, an east-west connection with Manchester and the ports of Liverpool and Hull giving improved access to international markets.[24] Alongside technological advances and industrial expansion, Leeds retained an interest in trading in agricultural commodities, with the Corn Exchange opening in 1864.
Marshall's Mill was one of the first of the many factories that were to be constructed in Leeds from around 1790.[25] In the early years the most significant of the factories were woollen finishing and flax mills; diversifying by 1914 to printing, engineering, chemicals and clothing manufacture.[26] Decline in manufacturing during the 1930s was temporarily reversed by a switch to producing military uniforms and munitions during World War II. However, by the 1970s the clothing industry was in irreversible decline, facing cheap foreign competition.[27] The contemporary economy of Leeds has been shaped by Leeds City Council having the vision of building a '24 hour European city' and a 'capital of the north'.[28] It has developed from the decay of the post-industrial era to become a telephone banking centre, connected to the electronic infrastructure of the modern global economy.[28] There has been growth in the corporate and legal sectors[29] and increased local affluence has led to an expanding retail sector, including the luxury goods market.[30] In 2011 it was announced that Leeds will become an enterprise zone, which will help small businesses in the region to increase economic growth.[31][32]
Local government[link]
Main article: History of local government in Yorkshire
| 1881 | 160,109 |
|---|---|
| 1891 | 177,523 |
| 1901 | 177,920 |
| 1911 | 259,394 |
| 1921 | 269,665 |
| 1931 | 482,809 |
| 1941 | war # |
| 1951 | 505,219 |
| 1961 | 510,676 |
| # no census was held due to war | |
| source: UK census[33] | |
Leeds was a manor and township in the large ancient parish of Leeds St Peter, in the Skyrack wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire.[34] The Borough of Leeds was created in 1207, when Maurice Paynel, lord of the manor, granted a charter to a small area within the manor, close to the river crossing, in what is now the city centre. Four centuries later, the inhabitants of Leeds petitioned Charles I for a charter of incorporation, which was granted in 1626. The new charter incorporated the entire parish, including all eleven townships, as the Borough of Leeds and withdrew the earlier charter. Improvement commissioners were set up in 1755 for paving, lighting, and cleansing of the main streets, including Briggate; with further powers added in 1790 to improve the water supply.[35]
The borough corporation was reformed under the provisions of Municipal Corporations Act 1835. Leeds Borough Police force was formed in 1836 and Leeds Town Hall was completed by the corporation in 1858. In 1866 Leeds, and each of the other townships in the borough, became a civil parish. The borough became a county borough in 1889, giving it independence from the newly formed West Riding County Council and it gained city status in 1893. In 1904 the Leeds parish absorbed Beeston, Chapel Allerton, Farnley, Headingley cum Burley and Potternewton from within the borough. In the twentieth century the county borough initiated a series of significant territorial expansions, growing from 21,593 acres (87.38 km2) in 1911 to 40,612 acres (164.35 km2) in 1961.[36] In 1912 the parish and county borough of Leeds absorbed Leeds Rural District, consisting of the parishes of Roundhay and Seacroft; and Shadwell, which had been part of Wetherby Rural District. On 1 April 1925 the parish of Leeds was expanded to cover the whole borough.[34]
The county borough was abolished on 1 April 1974 and its former area was combined with that of the municipal boroughs of Morley and Pudsey; the urban districts of Aireborough, Horsforth, Otley, Garforth and Rothwell; and parts of the rural districts of Tadcaster, Wetherby and Wharfedale.[37] This area was used to form a new metropolitan district in the county of West Yorkshire; it gained both borough and city status and is known as the City of Leeds. Initially, local government services were provided by Leeds City Council and West Yorkshire County Council. However, the county council was abolished in 1986 and the city council absorbed its functions, with some powers passing to organisations such as the West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Authority. From 1988 two run-down and derelict areas close to the city centre were designated for regeneration and formed the area of responsibility of Leeds Development Corporation, outside the planning remit of the city council.[38] Planning powers were restored to the local authority in 1995 when the development corporation was wound up.
Suburban growth[link]
File:Quarry Hill Flats1.jpg
Quarry Hill flats
In 1801, 42% of the population of Leeds lived outside the township, in the wider borough. Cholera outbreaks in 1832 and 1849 caused the borough authorities to address the problems of drainage, sanitation and water supply. Water was originally pumped from the River Wharfe, but by 1860 it was too heavily polluted to be usable. Following the Leeds Waterworks Act of 1867 three reservoirs were built at Lindley Wood, Swinsty and Fewston, to the north of Leeds.[39] Residential growth occurred in Holbeck and Hunslet from 1801 to 1851, but, as these townships became industrialised new areas were favoured for middle class housing.[40] Land to the south of the river was henceforth developed, primarily for industry and secondarily for back-to-back workers' dwellings. The Leeds Improvement Act 1866 sought to improve the quality of working class housing by restricting the number of homes that could be built in a single terrace.[41] Holbeck and Leeds formed a continuous built-up area by 1858, with Hunslet nearly meeting them.[42] In the latter half of the nineteenth century, population growth in Hunslet, Armley and Wortley outstripped that of Leeds itself. When pollution became a problem, the wealthier residents left the small industrial conurbation to live in the northerly villages of Headingley, Potternewton and Chapel Allerton; this led to a 50% increase in the population of Headingley and Burley from 1851 to 1861. The middle class flight from the industrial areas also led to development beyond the borough at Roundhay and Adel.[42] The introduction of the electric tramway led to intensification of development in Headingley and Potternewton and expansion outside the borough into Roundhay.[43]
Two private gas supply companies were taken over by the corporation in 1870 and this new municipal supply was used to provide street lighting and cheaper gas to homes. From the early 1880s the Yorkshire House-to-House Electricity Company supplied electricity to Leeds until it was also purchased by Leeds Corporation and became a municipal supply.[44]
Slum clearance and rebuilding began in Leeds in the Inter-war period when over 18,000 houses were built by the council on 24 estates in places like Cross Gates, Middleton, Gipton, Belle Isle and Halton Moor. The slums of Quarry Hill were replaced by the innovative Quarry Hill flats, which were demolished in 1975. Another 36,000 houses were built by private sector builders, creating the suburbs of Gledhow, Moortown, Alwoodley, Roundhay, Colton, Whitkirk, Oakwood, Weetwood and Adel. After 1949 a further 30,000 sub-standard houses were demolished by the council to be replaced by a total of 151 medium-rise and high-rise blocks of council flats in estates like Seacroft, Armley Heights, Tinshill and Brackenwood.[45]
Recently, Leeds has seen great local expenditure on regenerating the city, attracting in investments and flagship projects,[46] as found in Leeds city centre. Many buildings have already been built, boasting luxurious penthouse apartments,[47] very close to the city centre.
Geography[link]
At 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 (53.799°, −1.549°), and 190 miles (310 km) north-northwest of central London, the central area of Leeds is located on the River Aire in a narrow section of the Aire Valley, which is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. The city centre lies at about 206 feet (63 m) above sea level while the district ranges from 1,115 feet (340 m) in the far west on the slopes of Ilkley Moor to about 33 feet (10 m) where the rivers Aire and Wharfe cross the eastern boundary. The centre of Leeds is part of a continuously built-up area extending to Pudsey, Bramley, Horsforth, Alwoodley, Seacroft, Middleton and Morley.[48] Leeds has the second highest population of any local authority district in the UK (after Birmingham), and the second greatest area of any English metropolitan district (after Doncaster), extending 15 miles (24 km) from east to west, and 13 miles (21 km) from north to south. The northern boundary follows the River Wharfe for several miles but crosses the river to include the section of Otley which lies north of the river. Over 65% of the Leeds district is green belt land and the city centre is less than twenty miles (32 km) from the Yorkshire Dales National Park,[49] which offers some of the most spectacular scenery and countryside in the UK.[50] Inner and southern areas of Leeds lie on a layer of coal measure sandstones. To the north parts are built on older sand and gritstones and to the east it extends into the magnesian limestone belt.[25][51] The land use in the central areas of Leeds is overwhelmingly urban.[48]
Attempts to define the exact geographic meaning of Leeds lead to a variety of concepts of its extent, varying by context; they include the area of the city centre, the urban sprawl, the administrative boundaries, and the functional region.[52]
| “ | Leeds is much more a generalised concept place name in inverted commas, it is the city, but it is also the commuter villages and the region as well. | ” |
|
—A History of Modern Leeds, Brian Thompson[52] |
||
Leeds city centre is contained within the Leeds Inner Ring Road, formed from parts of the A58 road, A61 road, A64 road, A643 road and the M621 motorway. Briggate, the principal north-south shopping street, is pedestrianised and Queen Victoria Street, a part of the Victoria Quarter, is enclosed under a glass roof. Millennium Square is a significant urban focal point. The Leeds postcode area covers most of the City of Leeds[53] and is almost entirely made up of the Leeds post town.[54] Otley, Wetherby, Tadcaster, Pudsey and Ilkley are separate post towns within the postcode area.[54] Aside from the built up area of Leeds itself, there are a number of suburbs and exurbs within the district.
Climate[link]
Leeds has a climate that is oceanic, greatly influenced by the Atlantic and the Pennines. Summers are usually mild, with moderate rainfall, while winters are chilly, cloudy with occasional snow and frost. Spring and autumn are mild but snow and frost are not unheard of in either season
July is the warmest month, with a mean temperature of 16 °C (61 °F), while the coldest month is January, with a mean temperature of 3 °C (37 °F). Temperatures above 30 °C and below −10 °C are not very common but can happen occasionally. Temperatures at Leeds Bradford Airport fell to −12.6 °C (9.3 °F) in December 2010[55] and reached 31.8 °C (89.2 °F) at Leeds city centre in August 2003.[56] The record temperature for Leeds is 34.4 °C (94 °F) during the early August 1990 heatwave.
Being located on the eastern side of the Pennines, Leeds is amongst the driest cities in the United Kingdom, with an annual rainfall of 660 mm (25.98 in). Snowfall is common, but increases with altitude. Most snow falls in the months of December, January and February but can also fall in November, March and April. Frost is common, and usually occurs from November until April but can occur in October, June and September. Fog mainly occurs in autumn and winter, and Leeds can be susceptible to fog from the North Sea, especially during spells of easterly winds.
Though extreme weather in Leeds is relatively rare, thunderstorms, blizzards, gale force winds and even tornadoes have struck the city. The last reported tornado occurred on 14 September 2006, causing trees to uproot and signal failures at Leeds City railway station.[57]
| Climate data for Leeds | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) |
5.9 (42.6) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
6.7 (44.1) |
12.58 (54.64) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
5.1 (41.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
10.2 (50.4) |
13.5 (56.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
13 (55) |
9.8 (49.6) |
5.8 (42.4) |
3.8 (38.8) |
8.76 (47.76) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
0.2 (32.4) |
1.6 (34.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
10.4 (50.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
8.7 (47.7) |
6.3 (43.3) |
2.9 (37.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.93 (40.88) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 61 (2.4) |
45 (1.77) |
52 (2.05) |
48 (1.89) |
54 (2.13) |
54 (2.13) |
51 (2.01) |
65 (2.56) |
57 (2.24) |
55 (2.17) |
57 (2.24) |
61 (2.4) |
660 (25.98) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 17.5 | 14.2 | 14.8 | 13.5 | 13.7 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 12.9 | 15.1 | 16.5 | 17.0 | 172.3 |
| Source: [58] | |||||||||||||
Demography[link]
Urban subdivision[link]
| Leeds compared | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 the West Yorkshire urban area |
||||
| 2001 UK Census |
Leeds USD |
Leeds district |
West Yorks UA |
England |
| Population | 443,247 | 715,402 | 1,499,465 | 49,138,831 |
| White | 88.4% | 91.9% | 85.5% | 90.9% |
| Asian | 6.4% | 4.5% | 11.2% | 4.6% |
| Black | 2.2% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 2.3% |
| Source: Office for National Statistics[59][60] | ||||
At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, the Leeds urban subdivision occupied an area of 109 square kilometres (42 sq mi) and had a population of 443,247; making it the fourth most populous urban subdivision within England and the fifth largest within the United Kingdom. The population density was 4,066 inhabitants per square kilometre (10,530 /sq mi), slightly higher than the rest of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. It accounts for 20% of the area and 62% of the population of the City of Leeds. The population of the urban subdivision had a 100 to 93.1 female–male ratio.[61] Of those over 16 years old, 39.4% were single (never married) and 35.4% married for the first time.[62] The urban subdivision's 188,890 households included 35% one-person, 27.9% married couples living together, 8.8% were co-habiting couples, and 5.7% single parents with their children. Leeds is the largest component of the West Yorkshire Urban Area[48] and is counted by Eurostat as part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone. The Leeds travel to work area in 2001 included all of the City of Leeds, a northern strip of the City of Bradford, the eastern part of Kirklees, and a section of southern North Yorkshire; it occupies 751 square kilometres (290 sq mi).
Metropolitan district[link]
As of the 2001 UK census, the district had a total population of 715,402.[63] Of the 301,614 households in Leeds, 33.3% were married couples living together, 31.6% were one-person households, 9.0% were co-habiting couples and 9.8% were lone parents, following a similar trend to the rest of England.[64] The population density was 1,967 /km2 (5,090 /sq mi)[64] and for every 100 females, there were 93.5 males.
The majority of people in Leeds identify themselves as Christian.[65] The proportion of Muslims (3.0% of the population) is average for the country.[65] Leeds has the third-largest Jewish community in the United Kingdom, after those of London and Manchester. The areas of Alwoodley and Moortown contain sizeable Jewish populations.[66] 16.8% of Leeds residents in the 2001 census declared themselves as having "no religion", which is broadly in line with the figure for the whole of the UK (also 8.1% "religion not stated"). The crime rate in Leeds is well above the national average, like many other English major cities.[67][68] In July 2006, the think tank Reform calculated rates of crime for different offences and has related this to populations of major urban areas (defined as towns over 100,000 population). Leeds was 11th in this rating (excluding London boroughs, 23rd including London boroughs).[69] The table below details the population of the current area of the district since 1801, including the percentage change since the last available census data.
| Population growth in City of Leeds since 1801 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 |
| Population | 94,421 | 108,459 | 137,476 | 183,015 | 222,189 | 249,992 | 311,197 | 372,402 | 433,607 | 503,493 | 552,479 | 606,250 | 625,854 | 646,119 | 668,667 | 692,003 | 715,260 | 739,401 | 696,732 | 716,760 | 715,404 |
| % change | – | +14.87 | +26.75 | +33.13 | +21.40 | +12.51 | +24.48 | +19.67 | +16.44 | +16.12 | +9.73 | +9.73 | +3.23 | +3.24 | +3.49 | +3.49 | +3.36 | +3.38 | −5.77 | +2.87 | −0.19 |
| Source: Vision of Britain[70] | |||||||||||||||||||||
Government[link]
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City of Leeds is the local government district covering Leeds and the local authority is Leeds City Council. The council is composed of 99 councillors, three for each of the city's wards. Elections are held three years out of four, on the first Thursday of May. One third of the councillors are elected, for a four year term, in each election. In 2004 all seats were up for election due to boundary changes. The council is currently controlled by Labour. West Yorkshire does not have a county council, so Leeds City Council is the primary provider of local government services for the city. The district is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and consists of an unparished area and 31 civil parishes. These are the lowest tier of local government[71] and absorb some limited functions from Leeds City Council in their areas. The councils of Horsforth, Morley, Otley and Wetherby are town councils.[72] There are 27 other civil parishes in the district.
The district is represented by eight MPs, for the constituencies of Elmet and Rothwell (Alec Shelbrooke, Conservative); Leeds Central (Hilary Benn, Labour); Leeds East (George Mudie, Labour); Leeds North East (Fabian Hamilton, Labour); Leeds North West (Greg Mulholland, Lib Dem); Leeds West (Rachel Reeves, Labour); Morley and Outwood (constituency shared with City of Wakefield) (Ed Balls, Labour); and Pudsey (Stuart Andrew, Conservative). Leeds is within the Yorkshire and the Humber European constituency, which is represented by two Conservative, one Labour, one UKIP, one Liberal Democrat and one BNP MEPs. The voting figures for Leeds in the European Parliament election in June 2009 were: Conservative 22.6%, Labour 21.4%, UKIP 15.9%, Lib Dem 13.8%, BNP 10.0%, Green 9.4%.[73]
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Leeds
Leeds has a diverse economy with employment in the service sector now far exceeding that in the traditional manufacturing industries. In 2002, 401,000 employees were registered in the Leeds district. Of these 24.7% were in public administration, education and health, 23.9% were in banking, finance and insurance and 21.4% were in distribution, hotels and restaurants. It is in the banking, finance and insurance sectors that Leeds differs most from the financial structure of the region and the nation.[74] The city is the location of one of the largest financial centres in England outside London.[11][15][75][76][77][78] Tertiary industries such as retail, call centres, offices and media have contributed to a high rate of economic growth. The city also hosts the only subsidiary office of the Bank of England in the UK. In 2006 GVA for city was recorded at £16.3 billion,[79] with the entire Leeds City Region generating an economy of £46 billion.[80]
Office developments, also traditionally located in the inner area, have expanded south of the River Aire and total 11,000,000 square feet (1,000,000 m2) of space.[81] In the period from 1999 to 2008 £2.5bn of property development was undertaken in central Leeds; of which £711m has been offices, £265m retail, £389m leisure and £794m housing. Manufacturing and distribution uses accounts for £26m of new property development in the period. There are 130,100 jobs in the city centre, accounting for 31% of all jobs in the wider district. In 2007, 47,500 jobs were in finance and business, 42,300 in public services, and 19,500 in retail and distribution. 43% of finance sector jobs in the district are contained in Leeds city centre and 44% of those employed in the city centre live more than nine kilometres away.[81] Tourism is important to the Leeds economy, in 2009 Leeds was the 8th most visited city in England by UK visitors.[82] and the 13th most visited city by overseas visitors.[83]
In January 2011, Leeds was named as one of five "cities to watch" in a report published by Centre for Cities.[84] The report shows that the average resident in Leeds earns £471 per week,[85] seventeenth nationally, 30.9% of Leeds residents had NVQ4+ high level qualifications,[86] fifteenth nationally, and Leeds' employment rate stands at 70.4% in 2010, twenty-fifth nationally, but was the only major city, along with Bristol, to have an employment rate at or above the national average.[87] It also shows that Leeds will be the least affected major city by welfare cuts in 2014/2015, with welfare cuts of -£125 per capita predicted, compared to -£192 in Liverpool and -£175 in Glasgow.[88] Yet despite the affluence of Leeds, much of the city retains a strongly working class tradition, and the economic progress of recent decades has also been accompanied by poverty: much of inner city Leeds remains deprived, with areas like Gipton, Middleton, Belle-Isle, Harehills, Burmantofts, Bramley, Armley, Kirkstall and Seacroft containing streets and areas of council housing that are among the poorest and most deprived areas in the whole of the UK.
Shopping[link]
The extensive retail area of Leeds is identified as the principal regional shopping centre for the whole of the Yorkshire and the Humber region and approximately 3.2 million people live within its catchment area.[81] There are a number of indoor shopping centres in the middle of the city, including the Merrion Centre, Leeds Shopping Plaza, St John's Centre, Headrow Centre, the Victoria Quarter, The Light and the Corn Exchange and Trinity Leeds to open in 2013[89]. In total there are approximately 1,000 retail stores, with a combined floorspace of 2,264,100 square feet (210,340 m2).[81]
The city centre has a large pedestrian zone. Briggate is the main street where one can find many well known British stores like Marks & Spencer, House of Fraser, Debenhams, Topshop, Costa Coffee and Harvey Nichols (Which is also part of the Victoria Quarter). There is also a large international presence in Leeds with stores such as H&M, Zara, Gap, American Apparel, Urban Outfitters, Foot Locker, L'Occitane en Provence, McDonald's and Starbucks. Some of these companies even have multiple stores within the city centre and the city as a whole. The Victoria Quarter is the finest area for shopping in town. It includes old buildings and two great dramatic passages that contain more than 70 stores such as Louis Vuitton, Vivienne Westwood, Nicholas Deakin, Space NK, Paul Smith, Diesel and Harvey Nichols. To the south of Leeds, just over the border into Kirklees district, lies the region's only IKEA store, next to Birstall Shopping Park which includes a Showcase Cinema and some casual and fast-food restaurants. In the Churwell area of Leeds is the White Rose Shopping Centre. Opening in 1997, the centre has at least 100 stores including Debenhams, Marks & Spencer, Topshop/Topman, River Island, Disney Store, Monsoon Accessorize, New Look, Primark and Sainsbury's. Although the centre is nowhere near as big as other out of town [shopping mall|shopping malls] like the Trafford Centre or Meadowhall in nearby Yorkshire city Sheffield, it remains popular with international chains, for example H&M, Zara, Springfield, Nando's and McDonald's. Of the 40,000 people who work in retailing in Leeds 75% work in places which are not located in the city centre. There are additional shopping centres located in the many villages that became part of the county borough and in the towns that were incorporated in the City of Leeds in 1974.[90]
As of 2012, a large shopping and leisure complex called Trinity Leeds is under construction. It is planned to cover the old Burton Arcades and the existing Leeds Shopping Plaza with its main entrance from Briggate.[91] On completion, Trinity Leeds will contain approximately 120 internationally recognised retail and leisure units, including; Cult, Hollister, Mango, Topshop, Topman, H&M, Next and River Island, and will catapult Leeds from 7th to 4th place in the UK retail rankings (3rd in England).[92] Furthermore, D&D London will be adding two roof top restaurants in Trinity Leeds to its portfolio of acclaimed eateries in London, Paris, New York, Copenhagen and Tokyo.[93]
Landmarks[link]
Leeds displays a variety of natural and built landmarks. Natural landmarks include such diverse sites as the gritstone outcrop of Otley chevin and the Fairburn Ings RSPB reserve. The city's parks at Roundhay and Temple Newsam have long been owned and maintained by the council for the benefit of ratepayers and among the open spaces in the centre of Leeds are Millennium Square, Leeds City Square, Park Square and Victoria Gardens. This last is the site of the central city war memorial: there are 42 other war memorials in the suburbs, towns and villages in the district.[94]
The built environment embraces edifices of civic pride like Morley Town Hall and the trio of buildings in Leeds, Leeds Town Hall, Corn Exchange and Leeds City Museum by the architect Cuthbert Brodrick. The two startlingly white buildings on the Leeds skyline are the Parkinson building of Leeds University and the Civic Hall, with golden owls adorning the tops of its twin spires.[95] Armley Mills, Tower Works, with its campanile-inspired towers, and the Egyptian-style Temple Works hark back to the city's industrial past, while the site and ruins of Kirkstall Abbey display the beauty and grandeur of Cistercian architecture. Notable churches are Leeds Parish Church, St George's Church and Leeds Cathedral, in the city centre, and the Church of St John the Baptist, Adel and Bardsey Parish Church in quieter locations. Notable non-conformist chapels include the Salem Chapel, dating back to 1791 and notably the birthplace of Leeds United Football Club in 1919.[96][97]
The 112 metres (367 ft) tower of Bridgewater Place, also known as The Dalek, is part of a major office and residential development and the region's tallest building; it can be seen for miles around.[98] Among other tower blocks the 37-storey Sky Plaza to the north of the city centre stands on higher ground so that its 106 metres (348 ft) is higher than Bridgewater Place.
Elland Road (football) and Headingley Stadium (cricket and rugby) are well known to sports enthusiasts and the White Rose Centre is a well known retail outlet.
Transport[link]
Main article: Transport in Leeds
Leeds is the starting-point of the A62, A63, A64, A65 and A660 roads, and is also situated on the A58 and A61. The M1 and M62 intersect to its south and the A1(M) passes to the east. Leeds is one of the principal hubs of the northern motorway network. Additionally, there is an urban motorway network; the radial M621 takes traffic into central Leeds from the M62 and M1. There is an Inner Ring Road with part motorway status and an Outer Ring Road. Part of the city centre[99] is pedestrianised, and is encircled by the clockwise-only Loop Road.
_002.jpg){kind=small}
Public transport in the Leeds area is coordinated and developed by West Yorkshire Metro,[100] with service information provided by Leeds City Council[101] and West Yorkshire Metro. The primary means of public transportation in Leeds are the bus services. The main provider is First Leeds and Arriva Yorkshire serves routes to the south of the city. Leeds City bus station is at Dyer Street and is used by bus services to towns and cities in Yorkshire, plus a small number of local services. Adjacent to it is the coach station for National Express coach services. Buses out of the city are mainly provided by FirstBus and Arriva Yorkshire. Harrogate & District provides a service to Harrogate and Ripon. Keighley & District provides a service to Shipley, Bingley and Keighley. The Yorkshire Coastliner service runs from Leeds to Bridlington, Filey, Scarborough and Whitby via York and Malton. Stagecoach provides a service to Hull via Goole.
From Leeds railway station at New Station Street, MetroTrains operated by Northern Rail run to Leeds' suburbs and onwards to all parts of Leeds City Region. The station is one of the busiest in England outside London, with over 900 trains and 50,000 passengers passing through every day.[102] It provides national and international connections as well as services to local and regional destinations. The station itself has 17 platforms, making it the largest in England outside London.[103]
Leeds Bradford International Airport is located in Yeadon, about 10 miles (16 km) to the north-west of the city centre, and has both charter and scheduled flights to destinations within Europe plus Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey and the USA. There are connections to the rest of the world via London Gatwick Airport, Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport.There is a direct rail service from Leeds to Manchester Airport. Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield is 40 miles (64 km) south-east of Leeds. Leeds has connections by road, rail and coach to Hull, only an hour away, from where it is possible to travel to Rotterdam and Zeebrugge by ferry services run by P&O Ferries.
Walking[link]
The Leeds Country Way is a waymarked circular walk of 62 miles (100 km) through the rural outskirts of the city, never more than 7 miles (11 km) from City Square. The Meanwood Valley Trail leads from Woodhouse Moor along Meanwood Beck to Golden Acre Park. The Leeds extension of the Dales Way follows the Meanwood Valley Trail before it branches off to head towards Ilkley and Windermere. Leeds is on the northern section of the Trans Pennine Trail for walkers and cyclists, and the towpath of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal is another popular walking route. The White Rose Way walking trail to Scarborough begins at City Square. In addition, there are many parks and public footpaths in both the urban and rural parts of Leeds, and the Ramblers' Association, YHA and other walking organisations offer sociable walks. The Ramblers' Association publish various booklets of walks in and around Leeds.[104]
Education[link]
Schools[link]
At the time of the 2001 census Leeds had a population of 183,000 young people aged 0–19 of whom 110,000 were attending local authority schools.[105] In 2008 Education Leeds, a non-profit company owned by Leeds City Council, provided for 220 primary schools, 39 secondary schools and 6 special inclusive learning centres.[106] Under the government Building Schools for the Future initiative, Leeds secured £260m, to transform 13 secondary schools into high achieving, e-confident, inclusive schools. The first three of these schools at Allerton High School, Pudsey Grangefield School and Rodillian School, were opened in September 2008.[107] Because Leeds has a falling birth rate, the council has come under pressure in recent years to reduce the number of school places resulting in the merger and closure of some schools. The city's oldest and largest private school is the Grammar School at Leeds, which was legally re-created in 2005 following the merger of Leeds Grammar School, established 1552, and Leeds Girls' High School, established 1857. Other independent schools in Leeds include faith schools serving the Jewish[108] and Muslim[109] communities.
Further and higher education[link]
Further education in Leeds is provided by Leeds City College (formed by a merger in 2009 and having over 60,000 students), Leeds College of Building and Notre Dame Catholic Sixth Form College. The city has two universities: the University of Leeds – which received its charter in 1904 having developed from the Yorkshire College which was founded in 1874 and the Leeds School of Medicine of 1831, and Leeds Metropolitan University became a university in 1992 but can trace its roots to the Mechanics' Institute of 1824. The University of Leeds has a total of about 31,000 students, of which 21,500 are full-time or sandwich undergraduate degree students,[110] Leeds Metropolitan University has a total of 52,000 students of which 12,000 are full time or sandwich undergraduate degree students and 2,100 full time or sandwich HND students.[111] Other higher education establishments are:Leeds Trinity University College with just under 3,000 students,[112] Leeds College of Art, Leeds College of Music and Northern School of Contemporary Dance. The city was voted the Best UK University Destination by a survey in The Independent newspaper.[113] The combined totals of learners give Leeds one of the largest student populations in the country with over 250,000 students.[114]
Culture[link]
See also: Culture of Leeds
Media[link]
Yorkshire Post Newspapers Ltd, owned by Johnston Press plc, is based in the city, and produces a daily morning broadsheet, the Yorkshire Post, and an evening paper, the Yorkshire Evening Post (YEP). The YEP has a website which includes a series of community pages which focus on specific areas of the city.[115] The Wetherby News covers mainly areas within the north eastern sector of the district, and the Wharfedale & Airedale Observer, published in Ilkley, covers the north west, both appearing weekly. Both of the universities have student newspapers, the weekly Leeds Student from the University of Leeds and the monthly The Met from Leeds Metropolitan University. The Leeds Guide is a fortnightly listings magazine, established in 1997. Free publications include the Leeds Weekly News, produced by Yorkshire Post Newspapers in four geographic versions and distributed to households in the main urban area of the city,[116] and the regional version of Metro which is distributed on buses and at railway stations.
Regional television and radio stations have bases in the city; BBC Television and ITV both have regional studios and broadcasting centres in Leeds. ITV Yorkshire, formerly Yorkshire Television, broadcasts from the Leeds Studios on Kirkstall Road. There are a number of independent film production companies, including the not-for-profit cooperative Leeds Animation Workshop, founded in 1978; community video producers Vera Media and several small commercial production companies. BBC Radio Leeds, Radio Aire, Magic 828, Capital Yorkshire, Real Radio and Yorkshire Radio broadcast from the city. LSRfm.com, is based in Leeds University Union, and regularly hosts outside broadcasts around the city. Many communities within Leeds now have their own local radio stations, such as East Leeds FM and Tempo FM for Wetherby and the surrounding areas. Leeds also has its own privately owned television station: Leeds Television is run by volunteers and supported by professionals in the media industry.[citation needed]
Museums[link]
A new Leeds City Museum opened in 2008[117] in Millennium Square. Abbey House Museum is housed in the former gatehouse of Kirkstall Abbey, and includes walk-through Victorian streets and galleries describing the history of the abbey, childhood, and Victorian Leeds. Armley Mills Industrial Museum is housed in what was once the world's largest woollen mill,[118] and includes industrial machinery and railway locomotives. This museum also shows the first known moving pictures in the world which were taken in the city, by Louis Le Prince, of a Roundhay Garden Scene and of Leeds Bridge in 1888. Thwaite Mills Watermill Museum is a fully restored 1820s water-powered mill on the River Aire to the east of the city centre. The Thackray Museum is a museum of the history of medicine, featuring topics such as Victorian public health, pre-anaesthesia surgery, and safety in childbirth. It is housed in a former workhouse next to St James's Hospital. The Royal Armouries Museum opened in 1996 in a dramatic modern building when this part of the national collection was transferred from the Tower of London. Leeds Art Gallery reopened in June 2007 after a major renovation, and houses important collections of traditional and contemporary British art. Smaller museums in Leeds include Otley Museum, Horsforth Village Museum,[119] the University of Leeds Textile Archive (ULITA),[120] and the museum at Fulneck Moravian Settlement.
Music, theatre and dance[link]
Main articles: Music in Leeds and List of bands originating in Leeds
Leeds is home to the Grand Theatre where Opera North is based, this establishment seats 1,500 people and has recently undergone a £31.5m refurbishment. The City Varieties Music Hall, which hosted performances by Charlie Chaplin and Harry Houdini and was also the venue of the BBC television programme The Good Old Days, and West Yorkshire Playhouse.[121][122][123]
Leeds is also home to Phoenix Dance Theatre, who were formed in the Harehills area of the city in 1981, and Northern Ballet Theatre.[124] In autumn 2010 the two companies moved into a purpose-built dance centre which is the largest space for dance outside of London. It is also the only space for dance to house a national classical and a national contemporary dance company alongside each another.[125]
Construction of the Leeds Arena[126] is currently under way in the city centre. Due for completion in 2013, the 13,500 seater stadium will become the city's number one venue for live music, indoor sports and many other events. Concerts are currently held at the O2 Academy, Elland Road and at both universities. Roundhay Park in north Leeds has seen some of the world's biggest artists including Michael Jackson, Madonna, Bruce Springsteen and Robbie Williams among others.
Popular musical acts originating from Leeds include The Pigeon Detectives, The Wedding Present, Soft Cell, The Sunshine Underground, The Sisters of Mercy, Hadouken!, Kaiser Chiefs, Corinne Bailey Rae, Gang of Four, The Rhythm Sisters, Utah Saints and Melanie B of the Spice Girls.[127][128][129][130][131][132]
Carnivals and festivals[link]
Leeds Carnival is Western Europe's oldest West Indian Carnival, and the UK's second largest after Notting Hill Carnival.[133][134] It attracts around 100,000 people over 3 days to the streets of Chapeltown and Harehills. There is a large procession that finishes at Potternewton Park, where there are stalls, entertainment and refreshments. The Leeds Festival, featuring some of the biggest names in rock and indie music, takes place every year in Bramham Park. The Leeds Asian Festival, formerly the Leeds Mela, is held in Roundhay Park.[135] The Otley Folk Festival (patron: Nic Jones),[136] Walking Festival,[137] Carnival[138] and Victorian Christmas Fayre[139] are annual events. Light Night Leeds takes place each October,[140] and many venues in the city are open to the public for Heritage Open Days in September.[141] The Leeds International Pianoforte Competition, established in 1963 by Fanny Waterman and Marion Stein, has been held in the city every three years since 1963 and has launched the careers of many major concert pianists. The Leeds International Concert Season, which includes orchestral and choral concerts in Leeds Town Hall and other events, is the largest local authority music programme in the UK.[142]
The Leeds International Film Festival is the largest film festival in England outside London[143] and shows films from around the world. It incorporates the highly successful Leeds Young People's Film Festival, which features exciting and innovative films made both for and by children and young people.[144] Garforth is host to the fortnight long festival The Garforth Arts Festival which has been an annual event since 2005. Leeds Festival Fringe is a week long music festival created in 2010 to showcase local talent in the week prior to Leeds Festival.
Nightlife[link]
Main article: Nightlife in Leeds
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Leeds has one of the largest student populations in the country (over 200,000[145]), and is therefore one of the UK's hotspots for night-life. There are a large number of pubs, bars, nightclubs and restaurants, as well as a multitude of venues for live music. The full range of music tastes is catered for in Leeds. It includes the original home of the club nights Back 2 Basics and Speedqueen.[146] Morley was the location of techno club The Orbit.[147] Leeds has number of large 'super-clubs' and there is a selection of independent clubs such as Club Mission and Mint Club, which is consistently ranked as one of the world's best clubs by DJ Magazine.[148]
Leeds has a well established gay nightlife scene. The Bridge Inn and The New Penny, both on Call Lane, have long been gay night spots.[149]
Towards Millennium Square and the Civic or Northern Quarter, is a growing entertainment district providing for both students and weekend visitors. The square has many bars and restaurants and a large outdoor screen mounted on the side of the Civic Theatre. Millennium Square is a venue for large seasonal events such as a Christmas market, gigs and concerts, citywide parties and the Rhythms of the City Festival. It is adjacent to the Mandela Gardens, which were opened by Nelson Mandela in 2001. A number of public art features, fountains, a canal and greenery can be found here as an oasis amongst the city centre excitement.
Yorkshire has a great history of real ale,[150] but several bars near the railway station are fusing traditional beers with a modern bar. Popular bars such as this include The Hop, The Cross Keys and The Brewery Tap.
Sports[link]
Main articles: Sport in Leeds and Football in Leeds
The city has teams representing all the major national sports. Leeds United A.F.C. is the city's main football club. Leeds Rhinos (Rugby League), Leeds Carnegie (Rugby Union) and Yorkshire County Cricket Club are also based in the city.
Leeds United was formed in 1919 and plays at the 40,000 capacity Elland Road stadium in Beeston. The team plays in The Championship but has been English league champions three times and has FA Cup, Football League Cup and UEFA Cup honours to its name.
Leeds Rhinos are the most successful rugby league team in Leeds. In 2009 they became first club to be Super League champions three seasons running, giving them their fourth Super League title.[151] They play their home games at the Headingley Carnegie Stadium. Hunslet Hawks, based at the John Charles Centre for Sport play in Co-Operative Championship One. Bramley Buffaloes and Leeds Akkies are members of the Rugby League Conference.
Leeds Carnegie, formerly known as Leeds Tykes, are the foremost rugby union team in Leeds and they play at Headingley Carnegie Stadium. They play in the RFU Championship having been relegated from The Guinness Premiership at the end of the 2010–11 season. Otley R.U.F.C. are a rugby union club based to the north of the city and compete in National League 2 North, whilst Morley R.F.C., located in Morley currently play in National Division Three North.
Leeds United L.F.C. are the best-placed women's football team in Leeds, competing at the highest level in England, the FA Women's Premier League National Division. Leeds City Athletic Club competes in the British Athletics League and UK Women's League as well as the Northern Athletics League.
The city has a wealth of sports facilities including the Elland Road football stadium, a host stadium during the 1996 European Football Championship; the Headingley Carnegie Stadiums, adjacent stadia world famous for both cricket and rugby league and the John Charles Centre for Sport with an Olympic sized pool in its Aquatics Centre[152] and includes a multi-use stadium. Other facilities include the Leeds Wall (climbing) and Yeadon Tarn sailing centre. In 1929 the first Ryder Cup of Golf to be held on British soil was competed for at the Moortown Golf club in Leeds and Wetherby has a National Hunt racecourse.[153] In the period 1928 to 1939 speedway racing was staged in Leeds on a track at the greyhound stadium known as Fullerton Park, adjacent to Elland Road. The track entered a team in the 1931 Northern league.
Leeds teams[link]
| Club | League | Venue | Location | Established | Top flight championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leeds United AFC | Football League Championship Football | Elland Road Stadium | Beeston, Leeds | 1919 | 3 |
| Leeds Rhinos | Super League Rugby League | Headingley Stadium | Headingley, Leeds | 1870 | 8 |
| Hunslet Hawks | Championship One Rugby League | John Charles Centre for Sport | Hunslet, Leeds. | 1883 | 2 |
| Leeds Carnegie | RFU Championship Rugby Union | Headingley Stadium | Headingley, Leeds | 1991 | 0 |
| Yorkshire County Cricket Club | County Championship Cricket | Headingley Stadium | Headingley, Leeds | 1863 | 31 |
Religion[link]
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The majority of people in Leeds identify themselves as Christian.[65] Leeds does not have a Church of England Cathedral because Leeds is part of the Anglican Diocese of Ripon and Leeds and the Cathedral for this Diocese is in Ripon; the Bishop's residence has been in Leeds since 2008. The most important Anglican church is the Leeds Parish Church, although St. George's has the largest congregation by far.[citation needed] Leeds has a Roman Catholic Cathedral, the Episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds. Many other Christian denominations and new religious movements are established in Leeds, including Assembly of God, Baptist, Christian Scientist, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ("LDS Church", see also Mormon), Community of Christ, Greek Orthodox, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jesus Army, Lutheran, Methodist, Nazarene, Newfrontiers network, Pentecostal, Salvation Army, Seventh-Day Adventist, Society of Friends ("Quakers"), Unitarian, United Reformed, Vineyard, Wesleyan Church, an ecumenical Chinese church, and several independent churches.[154][155]
The proportion of Muslims in Leeds is average for the country.[65] Mosques can be found throughout the city, serving Muslim communities in Chapeltown, Harehills, Hyde Park and parts of Beeston. The largest mosque is Leeds Grand Mosque in Hyde Park. The Sikh community is represented by Gurudwaras (Temples) spread across the city, the largest being in Chapeltown. There is also a colourful religious annual procession, called the Nagar Kirtan, into Millennium Square in the city centre around 13–14 April to celebrate Baisakhi – the Sikh New Year and the birth of the religion. It is estimated that around 3,000 Sikhs in Leeds take part in this annual event.
Leeds has the third-largest Jewish community in the United Kingdom, after those of London and Greater Manchester. The areas of Alwoodley and Moortown contain sizeable Jewish populations.[66] There are eight active synagogues in Leeds.[156] The small Hindu community in Leeds has a temple (mandir) at Hyde Park.[157] The temple has all the major Hindu deities and is dedicated to the Lord Mahavira of the Jains.[158] Various Buddhist traditions are represented in Leeds,[159] including: Soka Gakkai, Theravada, Tibetan, Triratna Buddhist Community and Zen. The Buddhist community (sangha) comes together to celebrate the major festival of Wesak in May. There is also a community of the Bahai Faith in Leeds.[160]
Public services[link]
Water supply and sewerage in Leeds is provided by Yorkshire Water, part of the Kelda Group. Prior to 1973 it had been provided by the Leeds Corporation. Leeds City Council has a target of 11MW of renewable energy from onshore wind by 2010 and an aspirational target of 75MW by 2020. There are currently no operational wind farms in Leeds.[161]
The area is policed by the West Yorkshire Police. The force has eight divisions, three of which cover Leeds: AA "North West Leeds Division" covering north and west Leeds with a station at Weetwood; BA "North East Leeds Division", covering north east Leeds with stations at Stainbeck near Chapel Allerton and Killingbeck; CA "City and Holbeck Division" covering central and south Leeds with stations at Millgarth (city centre) and Holbeck. Fire and rescue services are provided by the West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service. The fire stations in Leeds are: Cookridge, Gipton, Hunslet, Swarcliffe, Moortown, and the "Leeds" fire station (near city centre, on Kirkstall Road).
Health services are provided by the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Primary Care Trust[162] and Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust[163][164] which provides mental health services. Leeds General Infirmary ("LGI") is a listed building with more recent additions and is in the city centre. St James's University Hospital, Leeds, known locally as "Jimmy's"[165][166] is to the north east of the city centre and is the largest teaching hospital in Europe. Other NHS hospitals are Chapel Allerton Hospital, Seacroft Hospital, Wharfedale Hospital in Otley, and Leeds Dental Institute. The new NHS Leeds Website provides information on NHS services in Leeds.[167]
West Yorkshire Joint Services provides analytical, archaeological, archives, ecology, materials testing and trading standards services in Leeds and the other four districts of West Yorkshire. It was created following the abolition of the county council in 1986 and expanded in 1997, and is funded by the five district councils, pro rata to their population. The Leeds site of the archives service is in the former public library at Sheepscar, Leeds.[168]
Leeds City Council is responsible for over 50 public libraries across the whole city, including 5 mobile libraries. The main Central Library is located on the Headrow in the city centre.
Twin towns[link]
The City has several twinning or partnership arrangements:
The city also has "strong contacts" with the following cities "for the purposes of ongoing projects":[171]
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Awards and Recognition[link]
Leeds has received much critical acclaim as a city in recent years. Listed below are a number of awards granted to the city by leading publications;
- The UK's Favourite City, 2003 (Condé Nast Traveller magazine Reader's Awards)[179]
- Britain's Best City for Business, 2003 (OMIS Research)[180]
- Best UK University Destination (The Independent)[181]
- The UK's best shopping destination, 2006 (Rough Guide to Britain)[182]
- Number One City for Clubbing (Mixmag Music Dance Awards)[183]
- The UK's most female friendly city, 2006 (Future Laboratories 'Tigra Town' Research)[184]
- Best Place in Britain to Live (Urban Behaviours survey, Henley Management College)[185]
- Visitor city of the year (The Good Britain Guide)[186]
See also[link]
References and notes[link]
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- ^ Unsworth and Stillwell 2004, p. 77
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- ^ Unsworth and Stillwell 2004, p. 148
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- ^ "Leeds Menorah School". Ofsted. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_providers/full/(urn)/108110. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
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- ^ "The Complete University Guide". The Complete University Guide. http://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/single.htm?ipg=6537. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Unsworth and Stillwell 2004, p. 149
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- ^ "Leeds City Museum website". http://www.leeds.gov.uk/cityMuseum/.
- ^ "Museum homepage, hosted on Leeds City Council website". http://www.leeds.gov.uk/armleymills/.
- ^ "Horsforth Village Museum". Culture 24. http://www.culture24.org.uk/yh000070. Retrieved 29 October 2009.
- ^ "ULITA". University of Leeds International Textiles Archive. http://ulita.leeds.ac.uk/. Retrieved 29 October 2009.
- ^ "Leeds Grand Theatre". Leeds City Council. 2009. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=3B5842A8B7FDADC980256E200033B9E1. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
- ^ "City Varieties – About the Music Hall". City Varieties. 2009. http://www.cityvarieties.co.uk/information.asp. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
- ^ "WYPlayhouse: About us". West Yorkshire Playhouse. 2009. http://www.wyp.org.uk/content/the_playhouse/about_us.asp. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
- ^ "Northern Ballet Theatre : History". Northern Ballet Theatre. 2009. http://www.northernballettheatre.co.uk/history.aspx. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
- ^ "Building Momentum". Building Momentum. http://www.building-momentum.co.uk. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
- ^ "Leeds Arena". Arenaleeds.com. http://www.arenaleeds.com/. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ "The making of Soft Cell's Tainted Love". www.stereosociety.com. 2009. http://www.stereosociety.com/taintedlove.html. Retrieved 13 December 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Tim Jonze on the retro games renaissance". The Guardian (UK). 8 December 2006. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/dec/09/games.theguide1. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
- ^ "BBC – South Yorkshire – Entertainment – Kaiser Chiefs interview". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/southyorkshire/content/articles/2005/04/14/kaiser_chiefs_interview.shtml. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
- ^ Chiu, David (30 December 2004). "Gang of Four Return". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6803009/gang_of_four_return. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ "The Rhythm Sisters – biography, band news and reviews. (2967)". Leeds Music Scene. 2009. http://www.leedsmusicscene.net/article/6869/. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
- ^ "Biography " Melanie Brown". Melanie Brown. 2009. http://www.melaniebrown.com/about-2/. Retrieved 13 December 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Leeds Get-together – Leeds West Indian Carnival". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/features/get_together/carnival/2003_review.shtml. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "Leeds West Indian Carnival". Leedscarnival.co.uk. 7 August 2005. http://www.leedscarnival.co.uk/. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ McTaggart, Susan (6 August 2009). "Roundhay Park hosts Leeds Asian Festival". Yorkshire Evening Post. http://www.roundhaytoday.co.uk/roundhaypark/Roundhay-Park-hosts-Leeds-Asian.5531416.jp. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ "Otley Folk Festival website". http://www.otleyfolkfestival.com/. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ "Otley Walking Festival". Chevin Trek. http://www.chevintrek.co.uk/index.asp?function=WEBPAGE&page=3. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ "Otley Carnival". Otley Town Council. http://www.otley.co.uk/Carnival/index.htm. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ Jack, Jim (16 Octrober 2009). "Otley Victorian Fayre gets injection of new blood". Wharfedale & Airedale Observer. http://www.wharfedaleobserver.co.uk/news/4683577.Otley_Victorian_Fayre_gets_injection_of_new_blood/. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ "Light Night Leeds website". http://www.lightnight.co.uk/leeds/index.php. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ "Heritage Open Days". Leeds Civic Trust. http://www.leedscivictrust.org.uk/view.aspx?id=34. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ "Leeds International Concert Season website". Leedsconcertseason.com. http://www.leedsconcertseason.com/view.aspx?id=42. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ "Lights, camera, action". BBC. September 2003. http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/films/2003/09/film_fest.shtml. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "Leeds Film". http://www.leedsfilm.com/.
- ^ http://www.leedsliveitloveit.com/students/home
- ^ "Leeds City Guide: Clubbing & Nightlife in Leeds". http://www.leeds-city-guide.com/clubs.
- ^ "UK Techno – Notorious North". www.realtimeart.net. http://www.realtimeart.net/NN/notorious.html. Retrieved 17 September 2009. [dead link]
- ^ DJmag.com. "DJmag.com". Top 100 clubs. http://www.top100clubs.com/. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ "Leeds City Guide: Leeds Gay Scene". http://www.leeds-city-guide.com/gay.
- ^ "Yorkshire and Humberside". Real Ale Pubs. http://www.realalepubs.co.uk/area.asp?aid=3. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ "St Helens 10–18 Leeds Rhinos". BBC News. 10 October 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_league/8290503.stm. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
- ^ "Leeds City Council – John Charles Centre for Sport – Swim". http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=92E3BE57BD5C06CD80256E1A00424F70#swim. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
- ^ "Wetherby Racing – Horseracing, Hospitality, Conference Venue, Yorkshire". www.wetherbyracing.co.uk. http://www.wetherbyracing.co.uk/. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
- ^ Universities chaplaincy in Leeds. "Student Guide to Churches in Leeds". http://www.leeds.ac.uk/chaplaincy/events/worship/churches1.php. Retrieved 6 December 2007.
- ^ Yahoo. "Churches in Leeds". http://uk.local.yahoo.com/West_Yorkshire/Leeds/Churches/uk100006150-s-26042.html. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
- ^ "JCR-UK – Leeds Jewish Community and Synagogues". Jewishgen.org. http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/Leeds.htm. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Leeds Hindu Mandir – Welcome". Leedsmandir.org.uk. http://www.leedsmandir.org.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "Home". Yjf.org.uk. http://www.yjf.org.uk. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Buddhist organisations in: Leeds/Bradford areas P2". Communigate.co.uk. http://www.communigate.co.uk/brad/leedsbuddhistgroup/page2.phtml. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
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- ^ "Leeds Partnerships NHS Foundation Trust | Home". 2012 [last update]. http://www.leedspft.nhs.uk/home. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
- ^ "Leeds Mental Health – Teaching NHS Trust". Leedsmentalhealth.nhs.uk. http://www.leedsmentalhealth.nhs.uk/. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ In the background section of page, additional text.
- ^ Gray, Nick (31 January 2010). ""Jimmy's": the rise of the docusoap and the fall of YTV" (PDF). "No Such" Research. http://www.nosuch-research.co.uk/pdfs/PaperJimmys.pdf. Retrieved 17 June 2010. "What is "Jimmy's"? It’s the local nickname of a hospital in Leeds, actually called St. James’s University Hospital ..." (paper by Deviser/Producer/Director of TV series)
- ^ "Welcome to NHS Leeds". Leeds.nhs.uk. http://www.leeds.nhs.uk/. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
- ^ "West Yorkshire Joint Services". http://www.wyjs.org.uk/. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
- ^ "Leeds – Brno partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=74bb3508-0d14-45f3-b7d7-ec8a267c27be. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Brno – Partnerská města" (in Czech). 2006–2009 City of Brno. http://www.brno.cz/index.php?nav02=1985&nav01=34&nav03=1010&nav04=1016&nav05=1249&nav06=1272. Retrieved 17 July 2009.
- ^ a b "International relations". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/About_Leeds/international_relations.aspx. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Leeds – Dortmund partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Advice_and_benefits/Tourism_and_travel/Town_twinning/Leeds__Dortmund_partnership.aspx. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District". 2009 Twins2010.com. http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
- ^ "Leeds – Durban partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=6555f52e-1de9-499b-8eda-7b86bf24ac8c. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Leeds – Hangzhou partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=32283a2b-11e6-4257-b018-ca6f95567d1a. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Leeds – Lille partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=ac0a4504-f720-4eff-9376-5bff2a4576a0. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Leeds – Louisville partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=f665edae-e44d-495b-b4e3-0385a941082f. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Leeds – Siegen partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Advice_and_benefits/Tourism_and_travel/Town_twinning/Leeds__Siegen_partnership.aspx. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_yorkshire/3098260.stm
- ^ http://www.leeds-city-guide.com/boom.html
- ^ http://www.leedsmet.ac.uk/life/leeds-yorkshire.htm
- ^ http://www.leedsliveitloveit.com/visitors/about-leeds
- ^ http://www.leeds-city-guide.com/boom.html
- ^ http://www.leedsliveitloveit.com/visitors/about-leeds
- ^ http://www.leeds-city-guide.com/boom.html
- ^ http://www.leedsliveitloveit.com/visitors/about-leeds
- Bibliography
- Burt and Grady (1994). The Illustrated History of Leeds. Breedon Books. ISBN 1-873626-35-5.
- Fraser, Derek (1982). A History of Modern Leeds. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-0781-1.
- Unsworth and Stillwell (2004). Twenty-First Century Leeds: Geographies of a Regional City. Leeds: Leeds University Press. ISBN 0-85316-242-5.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Leeds |
- Leeds travel guide from Wikitravel
- 'Leeds Initiative' Leeds Initiative city partnership.
- Leeds City Council Leeds City Council.
- Leodis Leeds Library & Information Service photograph archive.
- 'Leeds Chamber of Commerce & Industry' Leeds Chamber of Commerce & Industry
- The ancient parish of Leeds: historical and genealogical information at GENUKI (see Genuki's index or map of West Riding parishes for places outside this parish)
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| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Gareth Frank Bale[1] | ||
| Date of birth | (1989-07-16) 16 July 1989 (age 22)[1] | ||
| Place of birth | Cardiff, Wales | ||
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)[2] | ||
| Playing position | Left winger / Left back | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Tottenham Hotspur | ||
| Number | 3 | ||
| Youth career | |||
| 2005–2006 | Southampton | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 2006–2007 | Southampton | 40 | (5) |
| 2007– | Tottenham Hotspur | 113 | (21) |
| National team‡ | |||
| 2005–2006 | Wales U17 | 7 | (1) |
| 2006 | Wales U19 | 1 | (?) |
| 2006–2008 | Wales U21 | 4 | (?) |
| 2006– | Wales | 33 | (6) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 12:25, 13 May 2012 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals). |
|||
Gareth Frank Bale (born 16 July 1989) is a Welsh footballer who plays for English Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur and the Wales national team as a winger.
Bale began his professional career at Southampton, playing at left back, earning acclaim as a free kick specialist. Since transferring to Spurs in 2007, managerial and tactical shifts have seen him transform into a more offensively-oriented player. Recently, Bale has played an integral role in Tottenham's success domestically and in the Champions League.[3][4][5]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Bale was born in Cardiff to parents Frank, a school caretaker, and Debbie, an operations manager;[6] he attended Eglwys Newydd Primary School at Whitchurch.[7] He is the nephew of former Cardiff City footballer Chris Pike.[8] It was while at this school he first came to the attention of Southampton at age nine, when he was playing in a six-a-side tournament with his first club, Cardiff Civil Service Football Club.[9] Growing up his football hero was fellow Welshman and Manchester United legend Ryan Giggs.[10]
Bale then attended Whitchurch High School in Cardiff.[11] He was a keen athlete and played football alongside Wales flanker and captain Sam Warburton[12], rugby, hockey and excelled at athletics.[13] As a 14 year old he says that he ran the 100 metre sprint in 11.4 seconds.[10] Because of his superior footballing skill, the school's PE teacher, Gwyn Morris, had to write special rules which restricted Bale to playing one-touch football and not using his left foot.[12] Whilst at Whitchurch, Bale trained at Southampton's satellite academy in Bath, although there was initially some doubt if Southampton would give him a scholarship due to his height.[6]
Despite being only 16 at the time, he helped the school's under-18 side win the Cardiff & Vale Senior Cup. He left school in the summer of 2005 with a Grade A in PE amongst his GCSE results. In his final year at school, he was awarded the PE department's prize for services to sport. In the presentation, Morris commented:
"Gareth has a fierce determination to succeed and has the character and qualities to achieve his personal goals. He is one of the most unselfish individuals that I have had the pleasure to help educate."[14]
Club career[link]
Southampton[link]
On 17 April 2006, at the age of 16 years and 275 days, Bale became the second youngest player ever to play for Southampton (after Theo Walcott, who was 132 days younger) when he made his debut in the Saints' 2–0 victory against Millwall. On 6 August, Bale scored his first league goal, a free kick, to level the score at 1–1 against Derby County. The final score at Pride Park was 2–2.[15]
He scored again, at St. Mary's, against Coventry City[16] in the team's second game of the 2006–07 season with another free kick. Bale further developed his reputation as a free kick specialist when he struck the post from one against West Bromwich Albion.[17] By 16 December 2006, Bale's goal count had risen to five, thanks to a late equaliser against Sunderland[18] and free-kicks away to Hull[19] and at home to Norwich City.
In December 2006, he won the Carwyn James Award for the BBC Wales Young Sports Personality of the Year,[20] and was named the Football League Young Player of the Year on 4 March 2007.[21] This capped what was described in the local press as an "incredible" first full season as a professional footballer in which he was one of the Saints' "most creative players even (though operating) from the left-back position whilst his defending improved immeasurably as the season progressed."[22]
His final game for Southampton was in the first leg of the Championship play-off semi-final against Derby County on 12 May 2007. Bale suffered an injury during the second half, preventing him from appearing in the second leg.[23][24] In total, he made 45 appearances for Southampton, scoring five goals.
Tottenham Hotspur[link]
On 25 May 2007, Bale signed a four year deal with Tottenham Hotspur with Spurs paying an initial £5 million for Bale, potentially rising to £10 million based on appearances and success.[25] However, Tottenham paid Southampton an early settlement payment of £2 million in 2008 to reduce the final fee to £7 million and allow the Saints the immediate cash that they desperately needed.
2007–08[link]
He played his first game for Spurs in a friendly against St. Patrick's Athletic on 12 July 2007, but was substituted on the 80th minute with a minor dead-leg. He made his competitive debut for Tottenham Hotspur on 26 August away against Manchester United. In just his second Spurs appearance, he scored his first goal for Tottenham in the 3–3 draw with Fulham on 1 September when he latched on to Robbie Keane's flick, charged down the left flank unopposed and coolly slotted past goalkeeper Antti Niemi.[26] Bale went on to score again against Arsenal in the North London Derby, scoring a free kick inside the near post.[27] He then scored in the League Cup home tie against Middlesbrough,[28] making it three goals in four starts for the then 18-year-old. He also set up Spurs' goal against Anorthosis Famagusta in the UEFA Cup.
Bale was substituted after sustaining an injury resulting from a tackle from Fabrice Muamba in the league fixture against Birmingham City on 2 December 2007. A scan revealed that Bale had suffered ligament damage to his right ankle, consigning him to an extended period on the sidelines. Spurs' sporting director Damien Comolli announced in February 2008 that Bale would miss the rest of the season through injury.[29]
2008–09[link]
He signed a new four-year deal with the club in August 2008.[30] Bale was given the number 3 shirt for the 2008-09 season, which left previous number 3 Lee Young-Pyo without a squad number. After some poor performances, Bale was dropped in favour of Benoît Assou-Ekotto and the latter remained first-choice for most of the season.
2009–10[link]
After playing a record 24 Premier League games for Spurs without being on the winning side,[31][32] Bale's first ever involvement in a Premier League victory came against Burnley on 26 September 2009 – more than two years after signing for Spurs – when he came on as an 85th minute substitute.[33]
In June 2009, Bale underwent surgery for a knee injury, ruling him out for over two months. He missed pre-season matches and it was projected that he would miss the first few weeks of the 2009–10 season.[34] On 26 September, he made his comeback as a substitute in the Spurs' 5–0 thrashing of Burnley. However, he endured a frustrating time on the bench as Benoît Assou-Ekotto was in good form. When Assou-Ekotto was sidelined with an injury, manager Harry Redknapp decided to give Bale a chance and he impressed in the Spurs' FA Cup third-round 4–0 win over Peterborough.[35] He finally tasted victory for the first time as a starter in a league game in the 2–0 win over London rivals Fulham on 26 January 2010.[36] His good form continued and he was named Player of the Round after helping the Spurs to a 3–1 win in the sixth round replay of the FA Cup against Fulham.[37] In April 2010, Bale scored another goal against Arsenal after a pass from Defoe he tapped the ball past the Arsenal keeper.[38] Three days later, Bale slammed in Tottenham's second with his weaker right foot in a 2–1 victory over leaders Chelsea and was named Man of the Match.[39] He was named Barclays Player of the Month for April.[40] He signed a new four-year contract at White Hart Lane on 7 May 2010 as a reward for helping the club reach the Champions League qualification place.[41]
2010–11[link]
On 21 August, Bale scored twice in a 2–1 win at Stoke City, the second of which was a head-high volley into the top right hand corner of the goal.[42] On 25 August, Bale set up all four goals to help Spurs overcome Young Boys 4–0 (6–3 agg.) in a Champions League play-off at White Hart Lane.[43] Although Assou-Ekotto had already returned from injury, Bale continued his good form and cemented his place in the starting eleven, moving forward to left wing to accommodate Assou-Ekotto at left back. On 29 September 2010, Bale scored his first Champions League goal for Tottenham in a 4–1 home win against Dutch champions FC Twente in their second game of the group stages. In recognition, he was named Welsh Player of the Year by the FAW.[44] On 20 October, Bale scored his first senior hat trick against European champions Internazionale at the San Siro in the Champions League. Tottenham lost the match 4–3, having been 4–0 down inside the first 35 minutes and playing with ten men for over 80 minutes of the match after goalkeeper Heurelho Gomes had been sent off in the eighth minute for a professional foul on Inter's Jonathan Biabiany.[45] In the return match at White Hart Lane on 2 November, Bale provided a man of the match performance, setting up goals for Peter Crouch and Roman Pavlyuchenko to earn Spurs a memorable 3–1 win.[46]
On 4 November, Bale stated that he intended to remain at Tottenham for the remainder of his recently-signed four-year contract, despite reported interest from other clubs.[47] On 19 March 2011, Tottenham announced Bale had extended his stay at the club until 2015.[48]
On 17 April 2011, Bale was honoured with the PFA Player of the Year award, as voted for by his peers.[49] Amidst rumours linking him with Chelsea, Barcelona and a host of clubs, Bale decided to stay at White Hart Lane.
2011–12[link]
He scored his first goal of the season on 24 September 2011, in an away game against Wigan Athletic.[50] The game ended in a 2–1 victory for Tottenham. He added his second and third goals of the season on 30 October with two goals against Queens Park Rangers in a 3–1 home win.[51] He continued his good form with the first goal in a 3–1 victory over Fulham the following week, whilst also setting up Aaron Lennon who made it 2–0 on the stroke of half time.[52] The first goal against Fulham was later ruled by the "dubious goals committee" to be an own goal by Chris Baird.[53]
On 3 December, Bale scored the first goal in Tottenham's 3–0 victory over Bolton Wanderers. He marked the goal with a tribute to Gary Speed by holding up his left boot, with "R.I.P Gary Speed" stitched on it, in front of the Bolton fans.[54] On 27 December, Bale scored twice to give Tottenham a 2–0 win against Norwich City.[55] On 5 January 2012, Bale was announced as one of the players voted into the UEFA Team of the Year 2011. He scored his third brace of the season as he scored twice against Wigan on 31 January to take his tally to ten goals for the season.[56] In January 2012 he was announced as the January Premier League Player of the Month for the second time in his career, after three goals and two assists in the Premier League for the month.[57]
Style of play[link]
Bale originally started out playing as left back, but because of his great pace and dribbling skills, he was moved forward to play as a left winger.[citation needed]
On 2 November 2010, after a Champions League group stage match against Internazionale, teammate Rafael van der Vaart said, "Everyone is scared of him [Bale]. Maicon is one of the best defenders in the world, and he's killed him."[58][59]
In a report of the same match, Spanish newspaper El Mundo said:
Bale combines the height and build of an 800-metre runner like Steve Ovett with the acceleration and directness of a rugby winger like Bryan Habana. And, when he gets to the byline, he delivers curling crosses like a Brazilian. Big words? Yes, but that's what Bale is like – easily the greatest sensation in the opening month and a half of the Champions League. Ask Maicon what he thinks after the two exhibitions Bale turned in against Inter. Yesterday he left Maicon for dead and then a wily old fox like Lúcio was left in his wake like someone trying to follow the vapour trail of an aeroplane. Three goals and two assists — against the European champions. His performances have been stunning.[60]
Following Bale's two goals against Norwich City on 27 December 2011, manager Harry Redknapp said:
If we sell him, we've had it haven't we? It would only be a Barcelona, a Man City or a Real Madrid who would be able to pay for him. He's an amazing player. He's got everything, there's not a weakness in his make-up. He can head the ball, he's as strong as an ox, he can run, dribble and shoot. Most important of all, he's a smashing lad.[5][61]
Speaking at an interview in 2012, Manchester City fullback Micah Richards revealed that Gareth Bale was one of his toughest opponents he had ever faced, saying that:
"He made me feel an inch tall. Took me to pieces. He just doesn’t stop running. It's ridiculous."[62]
International career[link]
Wales[link]
Bale was selected by Wales at the end of the 2005–06 season and made his international debut on 27 May 2006.[63] He first appeared as a substitute in a 2–1 win over Trinidad and Tobago, making him the youngest ever player to play for Wales.[64] Bale, who was just 16 years and 315 days, assisted the winning goal scored by Robert Earnshaw.
Brian Flynn commented that Bale was potentially a future star of the game, comparing his technical ability to that of Ryan Giggs.[65] On 7 October 2006, Bale became the youngest player ever to score a goal for the full Welsh national team in the Euro 2008 qualification match against Slovakia with a trademark free kick.[66] He scored his second goal for Wales in a 3–0 win over San Marino on 28 March 2007.
Bale was eligible to play for England through his grandmother, but he stated in 2007 that:
"It is an honour to play for Wales... Nobody ever got in touch with me personally from England, only through my agent."[67]
After a long injury lay-off, he returned and started in the World Cup qualifier against Finland on 10 October 2009.[68] On 14 October, he played a part in Wales' final World Cup qualifier by setting up David Vaughan to score the opening goal against Liechtenstein and won the free kick that led to the second, Aaron Ramsey's first at senior level.[69]
In December 2010, Bale was awarded the BBC Cymru Sports Personality of the Year trophy.[70]
Bale was called up to the Wales squad for the first time under Gary Speed to play against Australia on 10 August 2011. He previously missed the last four internationals with injury.[71]
Great Britain[link]
Bale, who meets the age criteria to play in the 2012 London Olympics, said he would "love to play in the Olympics" for the Great Britain Olympic football team, in defiance of the Welsh FA.[72] On 28 October 2011 Bale became the first player to be photographed modelling the British 2012 London Olympics football supporters' shirt. In response, Football Association of Wales chief executive Jonathan Ford said: "Our position remains unchanged. We are not for Team GB. Gareth can make his own choices and make his own decisions. But we are not going to stop anyone playing." On behalf of Gareth Bale a spokesman said "while he is 100% Welsh, he is also British".[73]
International goals[link]
- Scores and results list. Wales' goal tally first.
| Goal | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 7 October 2006 | Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, Wales |  Slovakia |
1 – 2 | 1 – 5 | Euro 2008 qualifying |
| 2. | 28 March 2007 | Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, Wales |  San Marino |
2 – 0 | 3 – 0 | Euro 2008 qualifying |
| 3. | 12 October 2010 | St. Jakob-Park, Basel, Switzerland |  Switzerland |
1 – 1 | 1 – 4 | Euro 2012 qualifying |
| 4. | 7 October 2011 | Liberty Stadium, Swansea, Wales | Switzerland |
2 – 0 | 2 – 0 | Euro 2012 qualifying |
| 5. | 11 October 2011 | Vasil Levski National Stadium, Sofia, Bulgaria |  Bulgaria |
1 – 0 | 1 – 0 | Euro 2012 qualifying |
| 6. | 12 November 2011 | Cardiff City Stadium, Cardiff, Wales |  Norway |
1 – 0 | 4 – 1 | Friendly |
Career statistics[link]
- As of 13 May 2012[74]
| Club | Season | League | FA Cup | League Cup | Europe | Other1 | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
| Southampton | 2005–06 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 2006–07 | 38 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 43 | 5 | |
| Total | 40 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 45 | 5 | |
| Tottenham Hotspur | 2007–08 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 |
| 2008–09 | 16 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 | |
| 2009–10 | 23 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 3 | |
| 2010–11 | 30 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 11 | |
| 2011–122 | 36 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 12 | |
| Total | 113 | 21 | 15 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 23 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 160 | 29 | |
| Career Total | 153 | 26 | 16 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 23 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 205 | 34 | |
1 Includes Football League Championship play-offs
2 The Spurs goal tally excludes the "goal" scored against Fulham on 6 November 2011, later ruled as an "own goal".[53]
Honours[link]
Club[link]
- Southampton Academy
Individual[link]
- PFA Championship Team of the Year: 2006–07
- Football League Young Player of the Year: 2007
- FAW Young Player of the Year: 2007[75]
- E.ON Player of the Round: 2009–10 5th Round[76]
- Premier League Player of the Month: April 2010,[77] January 2012
- Tottenham Hotspur Football Club 'Young Player Of The Year': 2009–10,[78] 2010–11
- Wales Player of the Year Award: 2010,[79] 2011[80]
- BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year 2010[81]
- BBC Wales Carwyn James Junior Sportsman of the Year Award 2006[20]
- PFA Premier League Team of the Year: 2010–11, 2011–12
- PFA Players' Player of the Year: 2010–11[49]
- UEFA Team of the Year 2011
References[link]
- ^ a b Hugman, Barry J., ed. (2010). The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11. Mainstream Publishing. p. 31. ISBN 9781845966010.
- ^ "Gareth Bale player profile". UEFA. http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2012/clubs/player=102225/index.html. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ "Riise: Bale is world's best left winger". ESPN Soccernet. 10 November 2011. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/982258/john-arne-riise:-gareth-bale-the-best-left-sided-player-in-world?cc=5901. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ^ "Fabio - Bale is world's best". Sky Sports. 9 March 2011. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11661_6803404,00.html. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ^ a b "Gareth Bale has everything says Tottenham manager Harry Redknapp". BBC Sport. 28 December 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/16342814.stm. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
- ^ a b Rollings, Grant. "Bale Model". London: The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/features/3211208/Meet-Gareth-Bale-the-new-Premier-League-pin-up.html. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
- ^ "Hall Of Fame". Eglwys Newydd Primary School. http://www.eglwysnewyddprm.cardiff.sch.uk/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=33&MMN_position=53:53. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
- ^ "Bluebirds of a feather are flocking together". South Wales Echo. Wales Online. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2008/12/08/bluebirds-of-a-feather-are-flocking-together-in-91466-22425013/. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
- ^ "Mentor’s advice to Gareth could come to fruition as foreign legion close in". Wales Online. 22 October 2010. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/football-in-wales/2010/10/22/mentor-s-advice-to-gareth-could-come-to-fruition-as-foreign-legion-close-in-91466-27521941/. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ^ a b Harvey, Chris (31 January 2011). "Gareth Bale interview: born to run". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/tottenham-hotspur/8286070/Gareth-Bale-interview-born-to-run.html. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
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- ^ Wilson, Steve (15 January 2009). "The curse of Tottenham's Gareth Bale". London: Telegraph. http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/sport/stevewilson/8108247/The_curse_of_Tottenhams_Gareth_Bale/. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
- ^ Soneji, Pranav (9 May 2009). "Everton 0–0 Tottenham". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8023046.stm. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
- ^ "Report: Tottenham Hotspur vs Burnley – English Premier League". ESPN Soccernet. 26 September 2009. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=269779&cc=3436. Retrieved 27 September 2009.
- ^ Gareth Bale could miss start of next season after knee surgery The Guardian, 3 June 2009
- ^ Hytner, David (13 January 2010). "Tottenham manager challenges Gareth Bale to claim a starting place". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2010/jan/13/gareth-bale-harry-redknapp-tottenham. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- ^ "Tottenham 2–0 Fulham". BBC Sport. 26 January 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8467865.stm.
- ^ "Gareth wins award". Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. 1 March 2010. http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/articles/gareth-wins-award-010310.html.
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- ^ "The dream derby double!". Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. 17 April 2010. http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/articles/report-170410.html. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ^ "Gareth named Player of the Month". Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. 30 April 2010. http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/articles/gareth-awarded-player-of-the-month-for-april-300410.html. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
- ^ "Gareth Bale signs new four-year Tottenham contract". BBC News. 7 May 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/t/tottenham_hotspur/8667580.stm. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
- ^ Lyon, Sam (21 August 2010). "Stoke 1–2 Tottenham". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8928595.stm. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
- ^ "Tottenham 4–0 Young Boys (agg 6–3)". BBC Sport. 25 August 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8939577.stm. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ "Brains FAW Awards Evening 2010". Football Association of Wales. 4 October 2010. http://www.faw.org.uk/news/1904.
- ^ "Inter Milan 4-3 Tottenham". BBC Sport. 20 October 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/9102192.stm. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
- ^ "Tottenham 3-1 Inter Milan". BBC Sport. 2 November 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/9145936.stm. Retrieved 2 November 2010.
- ^ Lawton, Matt (4 November 2010). "Gareth Bale: I'm staying at Spurs as boss Harry Redknapp warns off Barcelona and Inter Milan". London: Daily Telegraph. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1326448/Gareth-Bale-Im-staying-Spurs-boss-Harry-Redknapp-warns-Barcelona-Inter-Milan.html?ITO=1490. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
- ^ "New deal for Bale". New deal for Bale. Tottenham Hotspur. http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/articles/new-deal-for-bale-190311.html. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Spurs' Gareth Bale wins PFA player of the year award". BBC Sport. 18 April 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/13110874.stm. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ "Wigan 1-2 Tottenham" BBC Sport. 24 September 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ "Tottenham 3-1 QPR" BBC Sport. 30 October 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ " Fulham 1-3 Tottenham" BBC Sport. 6 November 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ a b "Twenty-five goals between 12 October to 21 December are ruled on". Dubious Goals Panel rulings. Premier League. 12 January 2012. http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/dubious-goals-panel-ruling.html. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
- ^ Chowdhury, Saj (3 December 2011). "Tottenham 3–0 Bolton". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/15901689.stm. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ "Norwich 0-2 Tottenham" BBC Sport. 27 December 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ Lillywhite, Jamie (31 January 2012). "Tottenham 3 – 1 Wigan". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/16695945.stm. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
- ^ "Swansea boss Brendan Rogers & Tottenham's Gareth Bale rewarded" BBC Sport. 4 February 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ Jason Burt, Redknapp happy to talk as Figo drools over wonder winger, The Daily Telegraph, 3 November 2010, p. S3.
- ^ "Van der Vaart: Bale 'killed' Maicon in Spurs win". soccernet. 2 November 2010. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=838445&sec=uefachampionsleague&cc=5901. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
- ^ Christenson, Marcus (3 November 2010). "Gareth Bale hailed by European press for 'destroying' Maicon". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2010/nov/03/gareth-bale-hailed-european-press. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
- ^ Winter, Henry (29 December 2011). "Tottenham Hotspur's Gareth Bale flourishing in inside role as club chase Premier League glory". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/tottenham-hotspur/8981305/Tottenham-Hotspurs-Gareth-Bale-flourishing-in-inside-role-as-club-chase-Premier-League-glory.html. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ Ladyman, Ian (10 April 2012). "EXCLUSIVE: When United pulled clear of City I wanted to cry... Richards reveals torment". London: Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2127889/Micah-Richards-When-Manchester-United-pulled-clear-City-I-wanted-cry.html. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
- ^ "Bale savours record Wales debut". BBC Sport. 28 May 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/5024788.stm. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
- ^ "Injured Bale out for three months". BBC Sport. 10 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/t/tottenham_hotspur/7137122.stm. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ "The £10 million man". Wales Online. http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/0600soccer/0200news/tm_headline=the--10-million-man&method=full&objectid=18493835&siteid=50082-name_page.html. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
- ^ Davies, Sean (7 October 2006). "Wales 1–5 Slovakia". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/5361822.stm. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
- ^ "Bale: I could have played for England but playing for Wales is an honour". The Daily Mail (London). 3 August 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-472869/Bale-I-played-England-playing-Wales-honour.html. Retrieved 2 November 2010.
- ^ "Wales whimper in Helsinki". Sky Sports. 10 October 2009. http://www.skysports.com/football/match_report/0,19764,11065_2939006,00.html. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ "Liechtenstein 0–2 Wales". BBC Sport. 14 October 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/8305789.stm. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ BBC Sport
- ^ "Gary Speed welcomes Gareth Bale's Wales return". BBC Sport. 10 August 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/14463519.stm. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ Draper, Rob (26 December 2010). "Aaron Ramsey and Gareth Bale move closer to Olympic contention with Great Britain team". London: Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1341570/Aaron-Ramsey-Gareth-Bale-closer-Olympic-contention.html. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ^ Pearce, James (28 October 2011). "London 2012: Gareth Bale wears Olympic football shirt". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/15494228.stm. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Gareth Bale All time playing career". Soccerbase. http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=43700. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- ^ "17th Football Presentation Awards Evening". Football Association of Wales. 13 November 2007. http://www.faw.org.uk/news/889.
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- ^ "Gareth, Daws scoop awards". Tottenham Hotspur F.C. (Tottenham Hotspur F.C.). 3 May 2010. http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/articles/daws-bale-scoop-awards-030510.html?. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
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- ^ "Gareth Bale retains FA of Wales player of the year award". BBC Sport. 4 October 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/15172903.stm?. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
- ^ "Gareth Bale wins BBC Wales Sports Personality award". BBC Sport. 6 December 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/wales/9261532.stm.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gareth Bale |
- Gareth Bale at National-Football-Teams.com
- Gareth Bale – FIFA competition record
- Gareth Bale – UEFA competition record
- Gareth Bale career stats at Soccerbase
- Wales profile
- Tottenham Hotspur profile
- Premier League profile
- BBC profile
- ESPN Soccernet Profile
- Transfermarkt Profile
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| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Ryan Giggs |
BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year 2010 |
Succeeded by Chaz Davies |
| Preceded by Wayne Rooney |
PFA Players' Player of the Year 2011 |
Succeeded by Robin van Persie |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bale, Gareth Frank |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Footballer |
| Date of birth | 16 July 1989 |
| Place of birth | Cardiff, Wales |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Gareth_Bale
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Gareth Bale
http://cs.wn.com/Gareth Bale
http://id.wn.com/Gareth Bale
http://es.wn.com/Gareth Bale
http://ru.wn.com/Бейл, Гарет
http://nl.wn.com/Gareth Bale
http://pt.wn.com/Gareth Bale
http://pl.wn.com/Gareth Bale
http://fr.wn.com/Gareth Bale
http://de.wn.com/Gareth Bale
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth_Bale
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the musician-artist-author. For the TV journalist, see Amanda Palmer (journalist).
| Amanda Palmer | |
|---|---|
 Palmer playing at the Music Box Theatre, Hollywood, California; December 2008. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Amanda MacKinnon Palmer |
| Also known as | Amanda Fucking Palmer[1][2] |
| Born | (1976-04-30) April 30, 1976 (age 36) New York City |
| Genres | Alternative rock, punk cabaret |
| Occupations | Artist, performer, musician, songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, keyboard, piano, ukulele |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Labels | 8ft Records / Formerly Roadrunner Records (until April 2010)[3] |
| Associated acts | The Dresden Dolls Evelyn Evelyn |
| Website | Amanda Palmer.net |
Amanda MacKinnon Gaiman Palmer[4] (born April 30, 1976), sometimes known as Amanda Fucking Palmer,[1][2] is an American performer who first rose to prominence as the lead singer, pianist, and lyricist/composer of the duo The Dresden Dolls.[5] She has since started a solo career, and is also one half of the duo Evelyn Evelyn.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Palmer was born in New York City's Mount Sinai Hospital,[6] and grew up in Lexington, Massachusetts.[7] She attended Lexington High School, where she was involved in the drama department,[8] and attended Wesleyan University[9] where she was a member of the Eclectic Society.[10] She staged performances based on work by the Legendary Pink Dots, an early influence, and was involved in the Legendary Pink Dots electronic mailing list, Cloud Zero.[citation needed] She then formed the Shadowbox Collective, devoted to street theatre and putting on theatrical shows (such as the 2002 play, Hotel Blanc,[11] which she directed).
With an interest in the performing arts, both in music and in theatre, Palmer spent time busking as a living statue called "The Eight Foot Bride" in Harvard Square, Cambridge; Edinburgh, Scotland; Australia (where she met Jason Webley);[12] as well as many other locations. She references this line of work on The Dresden Dolls' self-titled CD, with the song "The Perfect Fit":
"I can paint my face
And stand very, very still
It's not very practical
But it still pays the bills"
as well as on the A is for Accident track "Glass Slipper":
"I give out flowers
To curious strangers
who throw dollars at my feet."
The Dresden Dolls[link]
At a Halloween party in 2000, Palmer met drummer Brian Viglione and afterwards they formed The Dresden Dolls. In an effort to expand the performance experience and interactivity, Palmer began inviting Lexington High School students to perform drama pieces at her live shows. The Dirty Business Brigade, a troupe of seasoned and new artists, performed at many gigs. The invited costumed characters mingled with the crowd before and during the show, and veteran groups sometimes joined in with a choreographed stage act. Life-sized marionettes, coin-operated boys, living statues, and other undergroundlings greeted fans while circus and burlesque drew the audience into the Dolls' music, creating a participatory atmosphere that allowed the audience to experience numerous types of art simultaneously.
After developing a cult following, the band recorded their eponymous debut album, The Dresden Dolls in 2002 with producer Martin Bisi (of Indie, Brooklyn, New York fame). They produced the album before being picked up by Roadrunner Records.
In 2006, The Dresden Dolls Companion,[13] was published, with words, music & artwork by Amanda Palmer.[13] In it she has written a history of the album The Dresden Dolls and of the duo, as well as a partial autobiography. The book also contains the lyrics, sheet music, and notes on each song in the album, all written by Palmer, as well as a DVD with a 20 minute interview of Amanda about making the book.
In June 2007, as part of the Dresden Dolls, she toured with the True Colors Tour 2007,[14] including her debut in New York City's Radio City Music Hall,[15] and her first review in the New York Times.[15]
July 2008 saw the release of the second Dresden Dolls book, the Virginia Companion.[16] It is a follow-up to The Dresden Dolls Companion, featuring the music and lyrics from the Yes, Virginia...(2006) and No, Virginia... (2008) albums.
The Onion Cellar and Cabaret[link]
Palmer conceived the musical/production The Onion Cellar, based on a short story from The Tin Drum by Günter Grass. From December 9, 2006 through January 13, 2007, The Dresden Dolls performed the piece in conjunction with the American Repertory Theater at the Zero Arrow Theatre in Cambridge, Massachusetts. While Palmer was openly frustrated with the direction of the show, fan and critical reviews were very positive.[17][18]
Palmer, as part of her solo career, returned to the A.R.T. in fall 2010 for a two-month run of Cabaret, starring as the Emcee.[citation needed]
2010 Reunion Tour[link]
In 2010, a reunion tour to selected venues in the United States occurred. It started on Halloween in New York City and ended in San Francisco on New Years Eve.[19]
Solo career[link]
Palmer's solo album, Who Killed Amanda Palmer, was released on September 16, 2008.[20] Ben Folds produced and also played on the album.[21][22] The title is a play on an expression used by fans during Twin Peaks' original run, "Who killed Laura Palmer?" A companion book of photos of Palmer looking as if she were murdered was released in July 2009 featuring photography by Kyle Cassidy and accompanying writing by Neil Gaiman.
August Strindberg was indirectly referenced in a song by Palmer titled "Strength Through Music," which contains an audio clip of a web cartoon called Strindberg and Helium. The cartoon almost exclusively quotes Strindberg's work.
In July 2007, Palmer played three sold out shows (in Boston, Hoboken, and NYC) in a rare "with band" format. Her backing band was Boston alternative rock group Aberdeen City, who also opened along with Dixie Dirt. In August 2007, Amanda traveled to perform in the Spiegeltent and other venues at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in Scotland, and also performed on BBC Two's The Edinburgh Show. She collaborated with Australian theater company, The Danger Ensemble; both again appeared at the Spiegeltent in Melbourne and at other venues around Australia in December 2007. In September 2007 Palmer collaborated with Jason Webley to release Evelyn Evelyn's debut EP "Elephant Elephant" via Jason's Eleven Records. In June 2008, Palmer established her solo career with two well-received performances with the Boston Pops.[23][24][25] In Autumn 2008, she toured Europe with Jason Webley, Zoe Keating and The Danger Ensemble, performing songs mostly from her debut solo album. She did most of the shows with a broken foot she had sustained in Ireland when a car ran over her foot as she stepped out into a street.[26] In April 2009, she played at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.[15]
In 2009, Palmer went back to her alma mater, Lexington High School in Massachusetts to collaborate with her old director and mentor Steven Bogart on a workshop piece for the department's spring production. The play, With The Needle That Sings In Her Heart was inspired by Neutral Milk Hotel's album, In the Aeroplane Over the Sea and The Diary of Anne Frank.[27] It received an overwhelmingly positive response from the Lexington community and abroad. NPR's Avishay Artsy interviewed the cast in a piece featured on All Things Considered on closing night of the production.[28] Amanda described this process as "what it's all about" in her blog.[citation needed]
From August to October 2010, she performed in Cabaret at the A.R.T. in Boston, Massachusetts. She played the emcee, collaborating with long-time associates Lance Horne (music director), Steven Mitchell Wright of The Danger Ensemble ("movement master/choreographer"), and Steven Bogart (director, Amanda's high school drama teacher who directed the Lexington High School production of the Neutral Milk Hotel-inspired "With the Needle That Sings In Her Heart").[29][30][31]
Palmer has increasingly used the ukulele in her career,[32] including free ninja gigs in public locations, that are open to all ages.[citation needed]
On February 9, 2012, Palmer announced on her blog[33] that she will begin recording a new solo album in collaboration with The Grand Theft Orchestra, under the name of 'Amanda Palmer & The Grand Theft Orchestra'. Palmer stated that there are "20+ songs" ready to record, and that "almost all of them have never been heard". The album is to be recorded in Melbourne with John Congleton producing.[33]
Use of the Internet[link]
Palmer is noted for her use of the Internet, regularly using the latest innovations to make new fans and connect with old ones. This includes her forum,[34] her blog,[35] use of many free music and social networking sites, fund raising, and direct-to-fan marketing.[36]
Controversies[link]
Dispute with Roadrunner Records, fans' "ReBellyon"[link]
After the release of her music video for the song "Leeds United," Palmer sparked controversy with a post in her blog. She claimed Roadrunner Records had wanted to pull certain shots from the video that exposed her stomach, because "...they thought I looked fat." After her fans read about this, they posted pictures of their stomachs online with messages to Roadrunner, lyrics, and words of comfort. They then sent their pictures to the record label, and started a web site.[citation needed] The fans coined a term for the movement: The ReBellyon, and put together a book, "The Belly Book," of over 600 pictures and stories from fans. The book was sold over the internet to fans all over the world.[37] Pitchfork Magazine[38] and The Guardian[39] were among publications reporting on the controversy.
Partly because of the Leeds video controversy,[citation needed] Palmer attempted to disengage from her contract with Roadrunner Records, going as far as composing and performing a song called "Please Drop Me," which asked the label to free her from the contract.[40][41]
After a long legal battle between Palmer and Roadrunner, and her repetitive pleas to discontinue her contract with Roadrunner, Palmer announced[3] that Roadrunner Records finally released her from their label. Her appreciation was punctuated with another new song: "Do You Swear to Tell the Truth the Whole Truth and Nothing but the Truth So Help Your Black Ass" as a free download to celebrate her new freedom. She repeated the announcement during an appearance on the Australian music quiz show Spicks and Specks.[42]
"Oasis" controversy[link]
Palmer's song "Oasis" and its follow-up video sparked more controversy. The song's fictional story deals with an Oasis fan and rape victim who has an abortion. Despite these tragic events, she states that "I've seen better days, but I don't care", and directly after, informs the listener what just happened involving her process of communicating to Oasis through fan mail, first, "I just sent a letter in the mail", then, "Oasis got my letter in the mail", and finally, toward the end of the song, "I just got a letter in the mail."[43] Palmer received an e-mail while she was in the United Kingdom from her label there explaining that "all" of the TV outlets in the country had refused to play the video due to its "making light of rape, religion, and abortion." Palmer, in response, wrote on her blog "I suggested that I might be allowed to play it if I just slowed it way down and played it in a minor key. Think about it. If they heard the same lyrics against the backdrop of a very sad and liliting [sic] piano, maybe with some tear-jerking strings thrown in for good measure, would they take issue?"[44]
"I Kissed a Girl" skit[link]
In December 2008, Palmer performed an Anti Proposition 8 agitprop skit at the Henry Fonda Theatre in Los Angeles where a Katy Perry look-alike came onstage and began singing her controversial song "I Kissed a Girl," only to be interrupted, kissed, and fondled by Palmer and comedian Margaret Cho. The skit ended with the two binding and gagging "Perry," who is forced into a mock wedding with Palmer, followed by the raising of an anti Proposition 8 banner. Palmer mentioned, on her blog, the discontent some in the LGBT community had with Perry over her exploitation of their identity in her song "I Kissed a Girl," and said she meant the piece as a protest against Proposition 8.[45][46]
Personal life[link]
Palmer resides in Boston, Massachusetts.
She has identified as bisexual,[47] telling afterellen.com in 2007: "I'm bisexual, but it's not the sort of thing I spent a lot of time thinking about," Palmer said. "I've slept with girls; I've slept with guys, so I guess that's what they call it! I'm not anti trying to use language to simplify our lives."[48] On her blog, Palmer has stated that she had an abortion at age 17. In the same blog post, she stated that she was date raped when she was 20 years old.[49]
On January 1, 2010, she stated on her Twitter feed that she "might have told [Neil Gaiman] [she]'d marry him but also might have been drunk."[50] On January 15, 2010, Neil Gaiman and Palmer confirmed their engagement in an announcement made to their respective websites.[51][52] On November 16, 2010, Amanda Palmer hosted a flash mob wedding (not legally binding) for Gaiman's birthday in New Orleans.[53] On January 3, 2011, the couple announced, via Twitter, that they had legally married in a private ceremony.[54] The wedding took place in the parlour of writers Ayelet Waldman and Michael Chabon.[55]
Palmer practices meditation and wrote an article titled "Melody vs. Meditation"[56] for the Buddhist publication Shambhala Sun, that described the struggle between songwriting and being able to clear the mind to meditate. Palmer has also mentioned her pescetarianism on her blog.[57] She has many friends who are fellow musicians, and frequently performs alongside them, either accompanying them in their performances, or featuring them in her live shows.[original research?] These performers include: Jason Webley, Kim Boekbinder, The Jane Austen Argument, Reggie Watts, Tim Minchin, Mikelangelo, Meow Meow and Neil Gaiman.[citation needed]
Awards & honors[link]
- 2012 – Twitter Feed @amandapalmer in the Boston Phoenix's Best 2012 [58]
- 2011 – Actress in a local production: Cabaret – Boston's Best, Improper Bostonian[59]
- 2010 – Artist of the Year – Boston Music Awards[60][61][62]
- 2010 – Cover of Fake Plastic Trees (Radiohead) named 13th of Paste Magazine's 20 Best Cover Songs of 2010[63]
- 2009 – No. 100 on After Ellen's Hot 100 of 2009.[64]
- 2008 – No. 6 on the Best Solo artist list in The Guardian's Readers' Poll of 2008.[65]
- 2007 – No. 6 on Spinner.com's Women Who Rock Right Now.[66]
- 2006 – the Boston Globe named her the most stylish woman in Boston.[67]
- 2006 – listed in Blender Magazine's hottest women of rock.[68]
- 2005 – Best Female Vocalist in the WFNX/Boston Phoenix Best Music Poll.[69][70]
Discography[link]
Solo artist[link]
Demos[link]
- Songs from 1989–1995... (1996)
- Summer 1998 Five Song Demo (1997)
Studio albums[link]
- Who Killed Amanda Palmer (2008) No. 77 US[71]
- Amanda Palmer Goes Down Under (2011)[72]
- Amanda Palmer & The Grand Theft Orchestra (2012)[73]
EPs[link]
Singles[link]
- "Do You Swear to Tell the Truth the Whole Truth and Nothing but the Truth So Help Your Black Ass" (April 6, 2010)
- "Idioteque" (June 10, 2010)
- "Map of Tasmania" (December 2010)[77]
DVDs[link]
- Who Killed Amanda Palmer: A Collection of Music Videos (2009)
As part of The Dresden Dolls[link]
- The Dresden Dolls EP (2002)
- A Is for Accident (2003)
- The Dresden Dolls (2003, reissued 2004)
- Yes, Virginia... (2006)
- No, Virginia... (2008)
As part of Evelyn Evelyn[link]
- Elephant Elephant (2007)[78][79]
- Evelyn Evelyn (2010)
Other collaborations[link]
- "Trudy" (with Ad Frank and the Fast Easy Women on In Girl Trouble) (2003)
- "Circus Freak Love Triangle" (with Hierosonic on Pornos and Razorblades) (2005)
- "Warsaw Is Khelm" (with Golem on Fresh Off Boat) (2006)
- "Life", "Eight Days of Hell" and "Witch's Web" (with ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead on So Divided) (2006)
- "The Lovers" (with Meredith Yayanos on Brainwaves) (2006)
- "Stuck with You" (with Voltaire on Ooky Spooky) (2007)
- "Everybody Hurts" (with Cormac Bride on Stereogum Presents... Drive XV: A Tribute to Automatic For the People) (2007)
- "Black Versus White" (with Apoptygma Berzerk on Rocket Science) (2009)
- Murder By Death/Amanda Palmer Split 7" (2009)
- "Living in Misery" (with Kill Hannah on Wake Up the Sleepers) (2009)
- "János vs Wonderland" (with Tristan Allen on Tristan Allen EP) (2010)
- "The Little Prince" (with Lance Horne on First Things Last) (2011)[80]
- Nighty Night (with Damian Kulash of OK Go, Neil Gaiman and Ben Folds as 8in8) (2011)[81][82]
- "Such Great Heights" (with Kim Boekbinder on Such Great Heights single) (2011)[83][84][85]
Cameo appearances[link]
- "Let Me Borrow That Top" (by Liam Kyle Sullivan aka. "Kelly") (2004) appearing briefly in the mall scene.
- "With the Needle That Sings in Her Heart" (Lexington High School's 2009 Spring Production) appearing as "The Ringmaster"
Bibliography[link]
- Palmer, Amanda (2006). The Dresden Dolls Companion. New York, NY: Eight Foot Music. ISBN 978-1-57560-888-4.
- Palmer, Amanda; Viglione, Brian (2008). The Dresden Dolls – The Virginia Companion. Cherry Lane Music Company. ISBN 1-60378-079-3.
- Palmer, Amanda; Gaiman, Neil; Cassidy, Kyle; Hommel, Beth (2009). Who Killed Amanda Palmer: A Collection of Photographic Evidence. New York, NY: Eight Foot Books. ISBN 0-615-23439-9.
- Palmer, Amanda (2009). Amanda Palmer - Who Killed Amanda Palmer?. Cherry Lane Music Company. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-60378-123-7. "A songbook with the chords and lyrics to the album Who Killed Amanda Palmer"
- Cynthia, Von Buhler; Palmer, Amanda; Webley, Jason (2011). Evelyn Evelyn (illustrated ed.). Diamond Comic Distributors. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-59582-578-0.
Notes[link]
- ^ a b Banner on Palmer's web site and her Twitter page; poster for Amanda Palmer concert, Koko, London
- ^ a b Machel Spence; The Battered Suitcase. The Battered Suitcase Summer 2009. Vagabondage Press LLC. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-4524-6181-6. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tNN07flHnncC&pg=PA46. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ a b Amanda Palmer blog of April 6, 2010, titled "FREE AT LAST, FREE AT LAST (Dear Roadrunner Records…)"
- ^ Full name as stated by Palmer on Twitter, January 3, 2011.
- ^ interview by Chris Arnold (January 17, 2007). "Band Tries to Make It Big Without Going Broke". All Things Considered. National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6885355. The web page also has audio and a transcript of the interview, and links to several of their songs.
- ^ Starfucking with Kevin Smith, Chapter 1 – The Neil/Amanda Interview, November 23, 2010, http://starfucking.smodcast.com/
- ^ Perry, Jonathan (September 16, 2008). "On 'Who Killed,' Palmer looks behind the veil". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/ae/music/cd_reviews/articles/2008/09/16/on_who_killed_palmer_looks_behind_the_veil/. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
- ^ Shanahan, Mark; Meredith Goldstein (May 11, 2009). "Palmer hangs out in Lexington". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2009/05/11/palmer_hangs_out_in_lexington/. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
- ^ Sless-Kitain, Areif (December 3, 2008). "Amanda Palmer". Time Out. http://chicago.timeout.com/articles/music/69160/amanda-palmer-metro-live-show. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
- ^ Bell, Sean (August 16, 2009). "A piece of my mind". The Herald (Glasgow). http://www.heraldscotland.com/a-piece-of-my-mind-1.835933. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
- ^ Boston Phoenix review of Hotel Blanc
- ^ Chernov, Sergey (August 4, 2009), "Controversial Musician Prepares for Local Debut", St. Petersburg Times, http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=29563
- ^ a b The Dresden Dolls Companion, by Amanda Palmer, eight foot music publishing, June 2006, ISBN 1-57560-888-X ISBN 978-1-57560-888-4
- ^ True Colors Tour web site.
- ^ a b c Chinen, Nate; photos by Hiroyuki Ito (June 20, 2007). "Power to the People (and Some Pop Too)". The New York Times: pp. B1,B5. ISSN 0362-4331. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/20/arts/music/20true.html?8dpc. Retrieved November 9, 2007. "A much more musical brand of theatricality animated the Dresden Dolls, a duo consisting of the pianist Amanda Palmer and the drummer Brian Viglione. Their set was a concise demonstration of cabaret-punk. Ms. Palmer, singing throatily at an electric keyboard, held her own not only on the band staple "Coin-Operated Boy" but also even amid the bombast of "War Pig," the Black Sabbath screed."
- ^ Virginia Companion, by Amanda Palmer and Brian Viglione, Cherry Lane Music Company, July 2008, ISBN 1-60378-079-3 ISBN 978-1-60378-079-7
- ^ "The onion cellar". American Repertory Theatre. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012113322/http://amrep.org/onion/. Retrieved December 3, 2007. "Inside the small confines of the mysterious club The Onion Cellar, the internationally renowned rock duo The Dresden Dolls provides nightly entertainment while a series of stories unfold around them. As singer, songwriter, and keyboardist Amanda Palmer and drummer Brian Viglione play their songs, the Onion Cellar becomes a space where rock and roll meets cabaret with humor and humanity." World Premiere.
- ^ On The Download editors; photo by Kelly Davidson (April 20, 2005). "Dresden Dolls take the ART". On The Download. http://www.thephoenix.com/OnTheDownload/PermaLink.aspx?guid=3634f0e3-a628-4230-90fc-d39925783c24. Retrieved August 21, 2006. "The Dresden Dolls are taking the world by storm. This punk cabaret duo from Boston are incredible musicians whose smart, personal, intricate songs and mesmerizing live performance have earned them a cult following. Now don't tell anyone, but there's a rumor that the Dolls may be appearing at a bizarre underground club somewhere in Cambridge – an Onion Cellar, where the audience peel onions for emotional release, where you never quite know who's sitting next to you, where your life could change forever."
- ^ Amanda Palmer (September 7, 2010). "THE DRESDEN DOLLS HALLOWEEN 10th ANNIVERSARY & FALL TOUR". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lpybi5sZBYk. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
- ^ Palmer, Amanda (May 10, 2008). "fish/people/belly". The Dresden Dolls Diary. http://dresdendollsdiary.blogspot.com/2008/05/fishpeoplebelly.html. Retrieved May 10, 2008. "the solo record got re-mastered and it's.....mind-blowing. it's so good. it's sooooooo gooooooooooooooooooooooood. so i feel safe in a deep way. because as long as the record is amazing then I can fuck everything else up and it's technically ok. it will be released September 16. that is now like Christmas day for me. it is four months away. that seems long."
- ^ "Dresden Doll Preps Solo Debut". spin.com music for life. spin.com. April 25, 2007. http://www.spin.com/features/news/2007/04/070425_apalmer. Retrieved December 8, 2007. "The Dresden Dolls' Amanda Palmer chats with SPIN.com about her forthcoming solo effort."
- ^ Palmer, Amanda (April 1, 2007). "here to dispel.". Speculation: Solo Album Title. The Dresden Dolls. http://www.theshadowbox.net/ddbb/viewtopic.php?p=356594&highlight=#356594. Retrieved December 8, 2007. "... i am recording the solo album....in nashville, at ben folds' studio, with ben, who is producing the record and playing on it."
- ^ Eichler, Jeremy (June 20, 2008). "All dolled up at the Pops – Palmer brings the edge but the fest needs more". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2008/06/20/all_dolled_up_at_the_pops/. Retrieved June 7, 2008. "Last night in Symphony Hall, Amanda Palmer brought some spark and much-needed edge to the Boston Pops's EdgeFest. On her own terms, Palmer, in strong gravelly voice, gave a richly satisfying performance that had this crowd roaring far more than most in Symphony Hall. But even she couldn't overcome the deeper tensions that make the EdgeFest a strained format."
- ^ Smith, Rachel (June 20, 2008). "All Dolled up, Amanda Palmer and the Boston Pops, Symphony Hall, June 19, 2008". The Boston Phoenix. http://thephoenix.com/Boston/Music/63574-All-Dolled-up/. Retrieved June 28, 2008. "Last night, Amanda Palmer kicked off this season of the Boston Pops EdgeFest, the orchestra's collaboration with younger, "edgier" bands and performers drawing the iPod generation into Symphony Hall. The choice of pairing Palmer with the Pops lead me to wonder if the Pops had ever listened to a Dresden Dolls album or seen The Onion Cellar or, you know, met her."
- ^ Palmer, Amanda (April 1, 2007). "The Dresden Doll's Forum". Speculation: Solo Album Title. The Dresden Dolls. http://theshadowbox.net/ddbb/viewtopic.php?p=356594#356594. Retrieved December 8, 2007. "... i am recording the solo album....in nashville, at ben folds' studio, with ben, who is producing the record and playing on it."
- ^ "Amanda Palmer: broken foot explanation". http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=OCrO0aanSZ8. Retrieved November 7, 2008.
- ^ Palmer, Amanda. "With The Needle That Sings In Her Heart". amandapalmer.net. http://amandapalmer.net/lexington. Retrieved December 27, 2010. "AMANDA PALMER–celebrated punk-chanteuse and pianist for the popular rock band THE DRESDEN DOLLS, and, more recently, hailed for the success of her Ben Folds-produced solo album Who Killed Amanda Palmer–is returning to her old stomping grounds at alma mater LEXINGTON HIGH SCHOOL. The reason? To create an original play with her former drama teacher, STEVEN BOGART along with a cast of twenty students. The play is written from scratch by the ensemble, the content of which is inspired by the music and lyrics of the critically hailed album, "In the Aeroplane Over The Sea" by celebrated indie rock band NEUTRAL MILK HOTEL."
- ^ Artsy, Avishay. "Neutral Milk Hotel Album Transformed For Stage : NPR". http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103939612. Retrieved December 27, 2010. ""I watch people proselytize this record all over the world, and it's like this secret brotherhood of awesome music that's never had any kind of big mainstream publicity," Palmer says. "It's just this sacred record that people connect through.""
- ^ Amanda Palmer Blog of May 8, 2010 titled "AMANDA PALMER in CABARET at the American Repertory Theater"
- ^ American Repertory Theater, about "Cabaret"
- ^ Amanda Palmer Blog of June 28, 2010 titled "chocolate is worth its weight in gold"
- ^ Ben Sisario (November 17, 2011). "Eddie Vedder, Amanda Palmer and Magnetic Fields Join Ukulele Craze". The New York Times: p. 9, Arts & LEISURE section. ISSN 0362-4331. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/arts/music/eddie-vedder-amanda-palmer-and-magnetic-fields-join-ukulele-craze.htm. Retrieved April 25, 2011. "A few years ago, as a one-off concert gag, Ms. Palmer strummed a uke as she sang Radiohead’s “Creep,” accompanying herself on a $19 model she had bought the day before. But the performance turned out to be so starkly intense it could not remain a joke. So she began taking a ukulele everywhere, and before long she had recorded a full album: “Amanda Palmer Performs the Popular Hits of Radiohead on Her Magical Ukulele,” released last year. That Ms. Palmer absorbed the basics in a day – her usual instrument is the piano – indicates one of the ukulele’s great advantages: it’s so easy to learn that it’s said to be almost impossible to play it badly. Even when slightly off key, it serves as a blank canvas that can accent the character of any voice. And in the right hands, it can strip a song to its skeletal core. ... As Ms. Palmer sees it, the ukulele is the zeitgeist instrument for the D.I.Y. age. “This is the age of the democratization of music,” she says. “Anyone can be a musician. And in a recession, when you have a $20 instrument and there’s a big musical renaissance, anyone will want to join in.”"
- ^ a b "my earth-shattering news, by amanda fucking palmer.". amandapalmer.net. February 9, 2012. http://blog.amandapalmer.net/post/17346901011/my-earth-shattering-news-by-amanda-fucking-palmer. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
- ^ "The Shadowbox – The Dresden Dolls – Amanda Palmer – Brian Vigilone". The Dresden Dolls. July 16, 2007. http://theshadowbox.net. Retrieved 3 october 2011.
- ^ Carey Hodges (July 8, 2011). "10 Great Band Blogs". Pastemagazine.com. http://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/lists/2011/07/blogs.html. Retrieved October 4, 2011. "4.Amanda Palmer The refreshingly outspoken artist chronicles performances, after-parties and everything in between with photos and her signature witty tone."
- ^ Sisario, Ben (October 2, 2011). "High-Tech Tools Help Bands Market Directly to Fans". The New York Times Co. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/03/business/media/high-tech-tools-help-bands-market-directly-to-fans.html?_r=2&pagewanted=2. Retrieved October 3, 2011. "For thousands of artists, ranging from acts on major labels to those that handle their business by themselves, direct-to-fan marketing has become essential. Last year, for example, the singer Amanda Palmer employed Bandcamp to release an entire album of Radiohead cover songs featuring the ukulele, letting fans set the price (the minimum was 84 cents, to cover royalties). She made $15,000 in three minutes."
- ^ Rebellyon Web Site[dead link]
- ^ Dresden Dolls' Palmer Tangles With Label Over Tummy – Pitchfork
- ^ Saner, Emine (December 3, 2008). "Dresden Dolls fans have had a bellyful of their record label". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/dec/03/dresden-dolls-roadrunner. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
- ^ Amanda Palmer Tells Roadrunner Records: "Please Drop Me" – Pitchfork
- ^ Live recording (March 28, 2009) Fort Lauderdale
- ^ Sheffield, Michael (April 7, 2010), "DOWNLOAD: New Amanda Palmer Song", Spin, http://spin.com/articles/download-new-amanda-palmer-song
- ^ "Amanda Palmer: Rebel With A Cause". SuicideGirls.com. February 17, 2009. http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Amanda+Palmer%3A+Rebel+With+A+Cause/. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
- ^ Amanda Palmer (February 3, 2009). "on Abortion, Rape, Art and Humor.". http://blog.amandapalmer.net/post/75463717/on-abortion-rape-art-and-humor. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
- ^ Palmer, Amanda (December 22, 2009). "Shoveling Out". amandapalmer.net. http://blog.amandapalmer.net/post/66276406/shoveling-out. Retrieved May 16, 2011. "we wonder if she’s cashing in on the recent cultural bi-manic 'girls gone wild' obsession"
- ^ OtterFreak (December 9, 2008). "Katy Perry's "I Kissed A Girl" performed by Amanda Palmer and The Danger Ensemble on YouTube" (video). http://www.youtube.com/user/OtterFreak. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDGAedaWR_c&feature=fvw. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
- ^ "Interview: Dresden Dolls' Amanda Palmer". 247Gay.com. GayWired.com. July 17, 2006. http://www.247gay.com/article.cfm?section=68&id=9942. Retrieved December 7, 2007. "I figured out that I was bisexual when I was a teenager."
- ^ Bendix, Trish (July 18, 2007). "Getting Real With Amanda Palmer". After Ellen (logonline.com). http://www.afterellen.com/people/2007/7/amandapalmer?page=0%2C0. Retrieved December 4, 2007.
- ^ Palmer, Amanda (February 3, 2009). "on Abortion, Rape, Art, and Humor". amandapalmer.net. http://blog.amandapalmer.net/post/75463717/on-abortion-rape-art-and-humor. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- ^ Palmer, Amanda (January 1, 2010). "new years was all that and more". twitter. http://twitter.com/amandapalmer/status/7272917210. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ Gaiman, Neil (January 15, 2010). "Telling the World: An Official Announcement". neilgaiman.com. http://journal.neilgaiman.com/2010/01/telling-world-official-announcement.html. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
- ^ Palmer, Amanda (January 15, 2010). "Telling the World". amandapalmer.net. http://blog.amandapalmer.net/post/336390559/telling-the-world. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
- ^ "Still Life with Wedding Party". blog.amandapalmer.net. November 17, 2010. http://blog.amandapalmer.net/post/1597897908/still-life-with-wedding-party. Retrieved November 17, 2010. "Neil Gaiman's Journal: The Wedding Mystery Explained". Journal.neilgaiman.com. November 17, 2010. http://journal.neilgaiman.com/2010/11/wedding-mystery-explained.html. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
- ^ Zutter, Natalie. "Amanda Palmer and Neil Gaiman Marry". Ology Magazine. http://www.ology.com/celebs-and-gossip/amanda-palmer-and-neil-gaiman-marry. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
- ^ bleedingcool.com , January 3, 2011.
- ^ "Melody vs. Meditation". May 2008 Issue, Shambhala Sun. original publisher was Shambhala Sun Foundation, but the article can be found, with permission, at theworsthorse.blogspot.com. September 19, 2008. http://theworsthorse.com/amandapalmer/amandapalmer.html. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
- ^ Palmer, Amanda (September 30, 2008). "The Who Killed Amanda Palmer Stage Show: An Introduction". amandapalmer.net. http://blog.amandapalmer.net/post/52529919/the-who-killed-amanda-palmer-stage-show-an. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ "Twitter Feed". Contests.thephoenix.com (The Phoenix Media/Communications Group) LXXVI (16): pp. 24. April 13, 2012. http://contests.thephoenix.com/thebest/boston/2012/results/arts/twitter-feed. Retrieved 2012-04-15. "BEST TWITTER FEED @AmandaPalmer When we nominated AMANDA PALMER for "Best Twitter Feed," nobody asked us the obvious question: "Which one?" She's on the Twitterz so much that she's now got at least two. But the mothership, @AmandaPalmer, is the half-million-follower-strong engine of her virality and vitality. From it, YouTube uke covers of Rebecca Black songs go platinum; kickstarter campaigns sell out; impromptu Australian streetcorner busks turn into flash mobs; Friday night boredom turns into hashtag-driven e-commerce success stories, and, occasionally, lyrics for new songs are crowdsourced. Twenty tweets is a slow day for Ms. Palmer, who has never met an at-reply she couldn't respond to with a gentle quip, a lick of encouragement, or an all-caps gasp of amazement. Unless you're dumb enough to put her famous husband on a list of unsexy celebrities – in which case (trust us), look out. http://twitter.com/amandapalmer"
- ^ Boston Best's 2011 Judges (July 8–26, 2011). "Actress in a local production – Amanda Palmer in Cabaret at the American Repertory Theater". The Improper Bostonian (Boston, MA: Improper Publication, Inc.): p. 88. http://www.improper.com/bostons-best/arts-entertainment/. Retrieved July 11, 2011. "Actress in a local production Amanda Palmer in Cabaret at the American Repertory Theater An alumna of Lexington High School and the local experimental rock scene, Amanda Palmer hit a high note with her 2010 turn as the Emcee in the Steven Bogart–directed production of Cabaret at the A.R.T. “There was much more of an improvisational playground for the Emcee,” says Palmer, on why she chose to play the glowering, androgynous role. Her creative genius (and social media prowess—she has over 500,000 Twitter followers) has earned her a worldwide following as a street performer, Dresden Doll, solo artist and now as a risk-taking stage actress."
- ^ Gottlieb, Jed (December 7, 2010), "Peter Wolf, Amanda Palmer lead BMA winners", Boston Herald, http://www.bostonherald.com/entertainment/music/general/view.bg?articleid=1301118
- ^ Perry, Jonathan (December 6, 2010), "Uke in hand, Palmer tops Music Awards", Boston Globe, http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2010/12/06/uke_in_hand_palmer_tops_music_awards/
- ^ "2010 Boston Music Awards winners", Boston Globe, December 3, 2010, http://www.boston.com/ae/music/packages/bma/2010winnerslist/
- ^ Jackson, Josh (December 7, 2010), "The 20 Best Cover Songs of 2010", Paste Magazine, http://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/lists/2010/12/the-20-best-cover-songs-of-2010.html
- ^ AfterEllen.com Staff (May 11, 2009). "The 2009 AfterEllen.com Hot 100". AfterEllen.com. AfterEllen.com. http://www.afterellen.com/people/2009/hot100?page=0%2C19. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
- ^ Rosie Swash (December 23, 2008). "Readers' Poll 2008: The results". London: spinner.com. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/musicblog/2008/dec/23/bon-iver-readers-poll. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
- ^ Spinner Staff; photo by Sarah Komar, WireImage (July 15, 2007). "Women Who Rock Right Now: No. 6". spinner.com. http://www.spinner.com/2007/07/15/women-who-rock-right-now-no-6/. Retrieved December 8, 2007. "Who: Amanda Palmer Birthplace: Lexington, Mass. Sound: Cabaret punk Palmer – one-half of Boston's Brechtian punk cabaret duo the Dresden Dolls – ain't no damsel in distress. The former street artist chokeholds her demons, teetering between sinister screeches and whimsical whispers of alcohol, self-mutilation and sexual exploration, while discordantly pummeling the piano – stocking-clad legs akimbo – in a sultry, sinful self-deprecation exorcism."
- ^ Christopher Muther (November 1, 2006). "Boston's Stylish 25". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/yourlife/fashion/gallery/1102_top25?pg=54. Retrieved December 8, 2007. "Dresden Dolls lead singer Amanda Palmer, quite literally, has a rockstar wardrobe."
- ^ Mike Errico (December 2006). "Hottest Women of...Rock!". Blender.com. http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?ID=2295&src=blender_ed. Retrieved December 8, 2007. "Amanda Palmer – The pianist and singer of Brechtian Boston duo Dresden Dolls mashes up punk rock and cabaret, sings about transsexuals and explores the elaborate deceptions that alcoholics commit daily."
- ^ Half Jack. "Amanda Palmer". bestuff.com. http://bestuff.com/stuff/amanda-palmer. Retrieved December 8, 2007. "In the 2005 WFNX /Boston Phoenix Best Music Poll, Palmer won Best Female Vocalist."
- ^ "The Dresden Dolls". ThoughtWorthy Media, Inc.. http://www.thoughtworthy.com/product.cgim?cookie_refresh=1&partner=twm&tab=ABOUT%20THE%20ARTIST&product_id=1383. Retrieved December 7, 2007. "In the 2005 WFNX/Boston Phoenix Best Music Poll The Dresden Dolls won Best Local Act and Best Local Album. Amanda Palmer also won Best Female Vocalist."
- ^ "Billboard Album Charts – Top 200 Albums – Music Retail Sales". http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?f=The+Billboard+200&pageNumber=Top+51-100&g=Albums.
- ^ "AFP GOES DOWN UNDER" RECORD UNVEILED! DATES ANNOUNCED! CHILDREN CRY!". http://blog.amandapalmer.net/post/2330707690/afp-goes-down-under-record-unveiled-dates-announced.
- ^ "NEW ALBUM: Amanda's New Kickstarter is Live!!". http://www.amandapalmer.net/2012/04/30/new-album-amandas-new-kickstarter-is-live. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ Baker, Whitney (May 28, 2010), "Watch Amanda Palmer Cover Radiohead on a Ukulele", Paste Magazine, http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2010/05/amanda-palmer-radiohead-and-a-ukelele.html, retrieved December 10, 2010
- ^ Amanda Palmer To Release Donation-Based Radiohead Covers Ukulele EP, Altsounds, June 10, 2010, http://hangout.altsounds.com/news/118950-amanda-palmer-to-release-donation-based-radiohead-covers-ukulele-ep.html, retrieved December 10, 2010
- ^ Palmer, Amanda (June 11, 2010), Look: The "Idioteque" Single from my Radiohead Covers Record is Out, amandapalmer.net, http://blog.amandapalmer.net/post/687905407/look-the-idioteque-single-from-my-radiohead-covers, retrieved December 10, 2010
- ^ Gaston, Peter (January 13, 2011), "Amanda Palmer Fights for Pubic Hair Freedom", Spin, http://www.spin.com/articles/amanda-palmer-fights-pubic-hair-freedom
- ^ Evelyn Evelyn (2007). "Elephant Elephant". Eleven Records. http://www.elevenrecords.com/09_elephant.html. Retrieved December 8, 2007. "About a year ago Amanda Palmer of The Dresden Dolls and Jason Webley received Myspace messages from the most unusual profile either of them had ever seen – conjoined twin sisters, both named Evelyn. Intrigued and charmed, they began corresponding with the twins hoping to lure them into the studio. The result is an EP that sounds like something the Andrews Sisters might have recorded if they had grown up in the circus listening to new wave music."
- ^ Evelyn Evelyn (2007). "Evelyn Evelyn". http://www.myspace.com/everythingevelyn. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
- ^ Lance horne. "The Little Prince (feat. Amanda Palmer)". Bandcamp. http://lancehorne.bandcamp.com/track/the-little-prince-feat-amanda-palmer. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
- ^ 8in8. "Nighty Night". Bandcamp. http://music.amandapalmer.net/album/nighty-night. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
- ^ O'Donnell, Kevin (April 26, 2011). "How Amanda Palmer & Pals Cut an Album in One Day". Spin. http://www.spin.com/articles/how-amanda-palmer-pals-cut-album-one-day.
- ^ Such Great Heights on Bandcamp, accessed December 5, 2011.
- ^ Rydin, Brent (August 15, 2011), Amanda Palmer and Kim Boekbinder Hit "Such Great Heights", Cover Me, http://www.covermesongs.com/2011/08/amanda-palmer-and-kim-boekbinder-hit-such-great-heights.html
- ^ Barnes, Amelia (August 24, 2011), Kim Boekbinder & Amanda Palmer – Such Great Heights (2011 Single), The AU Review, http://www.theaureview.com/albums/kim-boekbinder-amanda-palmer-such-great-heights-2011-single, retrieved December 5, 2011
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amanda Palmer |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Amanda Palmer |
- Amanda Palmer's official site
- Live Webcast & Ustream archive
- Amanda Palmer's autobiography on The Dresden Dolls' website
- Amanda Palmer discography at MusicBrainz
- Amanda Palmer discography at Discogs
Interviews[link]
Features[link]
- "Art Endures, Capitalism Degenerates: The Evolving Career of Amanda Palmer", by Sean Bell, PopMatters, October 28, 2011
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Palmer, Amanda |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | April 30, 1976 |
| Place of birth | New York City |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Palmer
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the Spanish footballer. For other uses, see Fernando Torres (disambiguation).
This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is Torres and the second or maternal family name is Sanz.
 Torres playing for Chelsea in the UEFA Champions League Final 2012 |
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| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Fernando José Torres Sanz[1] | ||
| Date of birth | (1984-03-20) 20 March 1984 (age 28)[2] | ||
| Place of birth | Fuenlabrada, Spain | ||
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)[3] | ||
| Playing position | Striker | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Chelsea | ||
| Number | 9 | ||
| Youth career | |||
| 1995–2001 | Atlético Madrid | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 2001–2007 | Atlético Madrid | 214 | (82) |
| 2007–2011 | Liverpool | 102 | (65) |
| 2011– | Chelsea | 46 | (7) |
| National team‡ | |||
| 2000 | Spain U15 | 1 | (0) |
| 2001 | Spain U16 | 9 | (11) |
| 2001 | Spain U17 | 4 | (1) |
| 2002 | Spain U18 | 1 | (1) |
| 2002 | Spain U19 | 5 | (6) |
| 2002–2003 | Spain U21 | 10 | (3) |
| 2003– | Spain | 92 | (28) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 16:45, 13 May 2012 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals). |
|||
Fernando José Torres Sanz (Spanish pronunciation: [ferˈnando ˈtores]; born 20 March 1984), nicknamed El Niño (The Kid in Spanish),[4] is a Spanish footballer who plays for Chelsea and the Spain national team as a striker.
Torres started his career with Atlético Madrid, progressing through their youth system to the first team squad. He made his first team debut in 2001 and finished his time at the club having scored 75 goals in 174 La Liga appearances. Prior to his La Liga debut, Torres played two seasons in the Segunda División for Atlético Madrid, making 40 appearances and scoring seven goals. He joined Premier League club Liverpool in 2007 after signing for a club record transfer fee. He marked his first season at Anfield by being Liverpool's first player since Robbie Fowler in the 1995–96 season to score more than 20 league goals in a season. Torres became the fastest player in Liverpool history to score 50 league goals after scoring against Aston Villa in December 2009. He left the club in January 2011 to join Chelsea for a record British transfer fee of £50 million, which also made him the most expensive Spanish player in history.
Torres is a Spanish international and made his debut for the country against Portugal in 2003. He has since participated in four major tournaments, UEFA Euro 2004, the 2006 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2008 and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Torres did not score at Euro 2004, but netted three at the 2006 World Cup. He scored twice at UEFA Euro 2008, including the winning goal for Spain in their 1–0 win over Germany in the Final. He won the 2010 World Cup with Spain, but did not score any goals during the tournament.
Contents |
Early career[link]
Born in Fuenlabrada, Community of Madrid,[5] Torres became interested in football as a child and joined his first team, Parque 84, at the age of five.[2] His father José Torres worked during Torres' childhood, and his mother Flori Sanz traveled daily with him to training sessions.[6] His grandfather was not a passionate football fan, but took pride in being an Atlético Madrid supporter, and Torres inherited his love for the club.[2]
Torres started playing football as a goalkeeper, the position his brother played in.[7] When he was seven years old, however, he started playing regularly as a striker in an indoor league for the neighborhood club, Mario's Holland,[2] using the characters from the anime Captain Tsubasa as inspiration.[8] Three years later, aged 10, he progressed to an 11-side team, Rayo 13.[9] He scored 55 goals in a season and was one of three Rayo 13 players to earn a trial with Atlético.[9] He impressed the scouts and joined the club's youth system at the age of 11 in 1995.[9]
Club career[link]
Atlético Madrid[link]
After progressing through the ranks, Torres won his first important youth title in 1998.[9] Atlético sent an under-15 team to compete in the Nike Cup, in Spain and Europe, to play against youth teams from other clubs; Atlético won the tournament.[9][11] He was later voted the best player in Europe for the age group.[11] In 1999, at the age of 15, Torres signed his first professional contract with Atlético.[9] He spent his first year playing in the youth team and moved onto the participating in the Honor Division when he was 16.[12] The 2000–01 season had started badly, as Torres suffered from a cracked shinbone which kept him out until December.[12] Torres trained with the first team to get prepared for pre-season, but eventually made his debut for the team on 27 May 2001, at Vicente Calderón, against CD Leganés.[12] A week later, he scored his first goal for the club against Albacete Balompié and the season finished with Atlético narrowly missing out on promotion to La Liga.[12]
Atlético were promoted to La Liga at the end of the 2001–02 season, although Torres did not perform well in the season, as he netted only six times in 36 appearances in the Segunda División.[13] Torres' first season in La Liga, 2002–03, was better, however, as he scored 13 goals in 29 appearances, with Atlético finishing in 11th place.[12][13] In the 2003–04 season, his second in La Liga, Torres made further strides, scoring 19 league goals in 35 appearances,[13] meaning he finished as joint third highest scorer in the league.[14] At the age of 19, Torres was named Atlético's captain.[11] Atlético narrowly missed out on qualification for the UEFA Cup, but by finishing in seventh place in the 2003–04 season, they qualified for the 2004 UEFA Intertoto Cup, giving Torres a first taste of a competition at the European level.[15] He scored two goals in the two fourth round matches against OFK Beograd, with one coming in each leg.[15] Atlético reached the Final, but lost 3–1 on a penalty shoot-out to Villarreal CF following a 2–2 draw on aggregate.[15] FA Premier League champions Chelsea were believed to be interested in signing Torres during the summer of 2005, but Atlético president Enrique Cerezo said that they had "no chance" of signing him.[16] Cerezo later said in January 2006 that the club was willing to listen to offers for Torres, and Torres claimed Newcastle United of the FA Premier League had made a bid to sign him in March.[17][18]
He stated after the 2006 FIFA World Cup that he had turned down an offer to join Chelsea at the end of the 2005–06 season.[19] Torres scored 14 league goals in the 2006–07 season.[13] The English media reported that he was the main transfer target of Premier League Liverpool,[20] but Cerezo stated "We've received no offer from Liverpool or any other club or player".[21] However, a few days later, new reports suggested Atlético had agreed a deal with Liverpool for Torres; the fee was rumored to be £25 million with Luis García moving to Atlético in a separate transfer deal.[22] On 30 June, Atlético announced a deal to sign Diego Forlán from Villarreal, in what was seen as a move to replace Torres before his departure became official.[23] On 2 July, it was reported that Torres had cut short a vacation to fly back to Madrid to finalise the move to Liverpool.[24] The following day, Torres passed a medical at Liverpool's Melwood training ground.[25] He held a press conference in Madrid on 4 July to bid farewell to the Atlético fans, before completing his move to Liverpool on a six-year contract.[25] The transfer fee was the highest in Liverpool's history.[23] In March 2008, manager Rafael Benítez stated in an interview with The Times that Torres was acquired for around £20 million, although this figure takes into account García's move to Atlético.[26]
Liverpool[link]
2007–08 season[link]
Torres made his competitive debut for Liverpool against Aston Villa in a 2–1 win on 11 August 2007.[27] He made his first appearance in the UEFA Champions League four days later in a 1–0 victory over Toulouse, after coming on as a 79th minute substitute.[28] His first Premier League goal came on his Anfield debut on 19 August, in the 16th minute in a 1–1 draw against Chelsea.[29] His first hat-trick came in a 4–2 victory over Reading in the League Cup in September, with all of his goals coming in the second half.[30] His first goals in the Champions League came on his third appearance in the competition as Liverpool beat Porto 4–1, as he scored twice.[31]
He was named Premier League Player of the Month for February,[32] during which he scored four goals in four appearances, including a hat-trick against Middlesbrough on 23 February 2008.[33] This hat-trick and another in a 4–0 victory over West Ham United on 5 March 2008 meant he became the first Liverpool player since Jack Balmer in November 1946 to score a hat-trick in successive home matches.[34] Later in March, after he scored a 47th minute header against Reading at Anfield, becoming the first Liverpool player since Robbie Fowler in the 1995–96 season campaign to score 20 league goals in a season.[35] In April, he scored another Champions League goal, this time against Arsenal in the quarter-final second leg, as Liverpool advanced to the semi-final.[36] This goal took him onto 29 goals for the 2007–08 season in all competitions,[33] eclipsing Michael Owen's personal record for goals in a season.[37] On 11 April 2008, it was announced Torres had made a six man shortlist for the PFA Players' Player of the Year award,[38] which was eventually won by Cristiano Ronaldo of Manchester United.[39] The Spanish international was also nominated for the PFA Young Player of the Year Award, which was won by Cesc Fàbregas of Arsenal and was named in the PFA Team of the Year.[39] In May, he finished second to Ronaldo for the FWA Footballer of the Year award.[40]
On 4 May 2008, Torres scored a 57th minute winner against Manchester City, which equalled the consecutive Anfield league goal record of eight games set by Roger Hunt.[41] After scoring his 24th league goal in the final game of the season, a 2–0 win against Tottenham Hotspur, he set a new record for the most prolific foreign goal scorer ever in a debut season in England, eclipsing Ruud van Nistelrooy's 23 goals.[33][42] He ended the season in joint second place with Emmanuel Adebayor in the race for the Premier League golden boot.[43] Torres was subject to media speculation that Chelsea were willing to pay £50 million to sign him but Torres responded by saying it would be "many years" before he left Liverpool.[44][45] Liverpool co-owner Tom Hicks also negated the idea of a transfer, saying he would not allow Torres to leave the club at any price.[46]
2008–09 season[link]
Torres made a promising start to the 2008–09 Premier League season, scoring the only goal in a 1–0 away win against Sunderland.[47] He suffered what was later confirmed as a hamstring tear in a 0–0 draw against Aston Villa, which would keep him out for two to three weeks.[48] Torres made his return in a 2–1 victory against Marseille in the Champions League and went on to score two goals in the Merseyside derby against Everton on 27 September to give Liverpool a 2–0 win.[49][50] He followed this up with another two goals the following weekend against Manchester City in a 3–2 win away at the City of Manchester Stadium as Liverpool came back from a two goal deficit.[51] The first of these was the thousandth Liverpool goal to be scored in the Premier League.[52] Torres picked up a hamstring injury during a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier, meaning he was likely to miss three games for Liverpool.[53] On 22 October, Liverpool played Torres' former club Atlético in the Champions League at the Vicente Calderón, but his injury meant he missed out on the game.[54] The Atlético president, Enrique Cerezo, had given him a VIP invitation to watch the game, but he declined this to recover his rehabilitation from injury in Merseyside.[55] He was named in the FIFPro World XI team for the 2007–08 season on 27 October.[56]
Torres made his return for Liverpool after coming on as a 72nd minute substitute in a 3–0 victory against West Bromwich Albion (West Brom).[57] He said he would be interested in returning to former club Atlético eventually, saying "I don't know if I will retire there, but I would like to go back and finish some things that are left to do."[58] He was ruled out of action for two to three weeks following Liverpool's 1–0 victory over Marseille in the Champions League in November, where he picked up a hamstring strain,[59] which was later extended to at least four weeks by specialists.[60] He was named on the shortlist for the FIFA World Player of the Year award in December,[61] and eventually came in third place behind Ronaldo and Lionel Messi.[62] Torres returned to action on 3 January 2009 as a substitute with a goal in the 2–0 win over Preston North End; his first in the FA Cup.[63] He scored two late goals for Liverpool to secure a 2–0 victory over Chelsea on 1 February.[64] Despite having spent a year and a half at the club, Torres was chosen as number 50 in The Times's list of "The 50 greatest Liverpool players", reinforcing the impact he had made at Liverpool in such a short period of time.[65]
Torres faced his old rivals Real Madrid on 10 March in the Champions League last 16 and due to an ankle injury, he had a painkilling injection before the game to enable him to play.[66] He scored the first goal of the game, which ended as a 4–0 victory, meaning Liverpool progressed to the quarter-finals 5–0 on aggregate.[67] Four days later he lined up against Manchester United at Old Trafford and he scored the equaliser in a game that finished as a 4–1 victory.[68] He was named in the PFA Team of the Year for the second season running in April 2009.[69] Torres scored his 50th goal for Liverpool on 24 May against Tottenham Hotspur on the final day of the 2008–09 season, which was his 84th appearance.[70]
2009–10 season[link]
Following the end of the season, he agreed a new contract with Liverpool,[71] which he signed on 14 August.[72] By signing this contract, Liverpool increased his wage to £110,000 a week and included the option of a one-year extension after its expiry in 2013.[73] Torres scored two goals in a 3–2 win over West Ham United on 19 September 2009, a result that took Liverpool to third in the Premier League.[74] A week later he scored his first hat-trick of the 2009–10 Premier League season in a 6–1 victory over Hull City at Anfield.[75] He was named Premier League Player of the Month for September, after scoring five goals during the month and becoming the Premier League's top goalscorer.[76] On 25 October, he scored the first goal in a 2–0 victory for Liverpool over Manchester United,[77] after which Benítez praised Torres' performance, saying "We were waiting for that final pass. When it came we knew he would score."[78] Torres was named in the FIFPro World XI for the second successive season in December.[79] His stoppage-time winning goal against Aston Villa on 29 December 2009 made him the fastest Liverpool player ever to score 50 league goals.[80] He was substituted on 65 minutes in a 1–1 draw with Birmingham City on 4 April 2010, which Benítez justified by saying Torres was "exhausted".[81] Torres made his last appearance of the season scoring twice in a 4–1 victory over S.L. Benfica in the UEFA Cup on 8 April,[82] and it was announced on 18 April that he would miss the rest of the season to undergo knee surgery.[83] This meant that Torres finished the season with 22 goals in 32 games in all competitions, finishing as Liverpool's top scorer for the second time.[82] His surname was the most popular name to feature on replica Premier League shirts sold across the world in the 2009–10 season.[84]
2010–11 season[link]
Following Roy Hodgson's appointment as Liverpool manager he stated that Torres would not be sold by the club, saying "He is not for sale and we don't welcome any offers for him. We want to keep him."[85] Hodgson dismissed reports Torres was set to leave Liverpool by saying "He has told us that he is looking forward to Monday, to getting back to work and looking forward to playing for Liverpool next season. That is what I know so other reports, I would suggest, are erroneous."[86] Torres stated his commitment to Liverpool on 3 August, saying "My commitment and loyalty to the club and to the fans is the same as it was on my first day when I signed."[87]
He made his first appearance of the 2010–11 season in the opening game, a 1–1 draw with Arsenal on 14 August, entering the game as a substitute in the 74th minute.[88] He scored his first goal of the season with the winner in a 1–0 victory over West Brom on 29 August,[89] which was his 50th goal in all competitions to be scored at Anfield.[90] Torres scored the winning goal in a 2–1 victory at home to Blackburn Rovers on 24 October, which was his first goal since August.[91] He followed this up by scoring both goals in Liverpool's 2–0 win at home to Chelsea on 7 November.[92] On 1 January 2011, Torres scored the equaliser in a 2–1 win at home to Bolton Wanderers.[93] He scored his final goals for Liverpool in a 3–0 win away at Wolverhampton Wanderers on 22 January.[94]
Chelsea[link]
On 27 January, Torres was the subject of a £40 million bid from Chelsea, which was rejected by Liverpool.[95] He subsequently handed in an official transfer request to Liverpool the next day, which was rejected.[96] Torres completed his move to Chelsea on a five-and-a-half year contract on 31 January for an undisclosed fee reported to be £50 million, which set a new record for a British transfer and made him the sixth most expensive footballer in history.[97] He made his Chelsea debut on 6 February in a 1–0 home defeat to former club Liverpool.[98] On 23 April, Torres scored his first goal for Chelsea against West Ham United in a 3–0 victory, which ended a run of 903 minutes of football without a goal.[99]
2011–12 season[link]
Torres got the 2011–12 season underway in Chelsea's 0–0 draw away against Stoke City, in which his "link-up play was sharp, plus he was willing to make intelligent runs into space to receive the ball".[100] He scored his second goal at Chelsea, and his first of the season, on 18 September, during an away game against Manchester United, which was the side's only goal in a 3–1 defeat.[101] He scored his second goal of the season against Swansea City in a 4–1 victory.[102] However, 10 minutes after his goal, a two-footed challenge on Mark Gower resulted in his first red card in English football and a three-match domestic suspension.[103][104] On 19 October, Torres scored two goals in a 5–0 victory against Genk in the Champions League, his first in Europe since the quarter-final of the 2008–09 Champions League with his old club Liverpool, against Chelsea.[105] His next Chelsea goals came after scoring twice and also assisting two others against Championship side Leicester City in an FA Cup quarter-final on 18 March 2012, ending a goal drought that stretched 24 games.[106] On 31 March 2012, Torres scored his first Premier League goal since 24 September 2011 against Aston Villa in a 4–2 away win.[107]
Torres came on as a substitute for Didier Drogba on 24 April 2012 to score a last-minute goal against Barcelona in the Champions League semi-final, which gave Chelsea a 2–2 draw, and also eliminated Barcelona from the tournament, as Chelsea won 3–2 on aggregate.[108] He scored the first hat-trick of his Chelsea career in a 6–1 win against Queens Park Rangers at Stamford Bridge on 29 April.[109] Torres came on in the second half of the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final, directly after Bayern Munich's opening goal, and was heavily involved with Didier Drogba's equalizer, earning the corner kick from which the Ivorian scored to bring the game into extra time.[110]
International career[link]
In February 2001, Torres won the Algarve Tournament with the Spain national under-16 team.[111] The under-16s took part in the 2001 UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship in May, which they also won, with Torres scoring the only goal in the Final, as well as finishing as the tournament's leading scorer, and was also named the player of the tournament.[11][13] In September 2001, Torres represented the under-17 team at the 2001 FIFA Under-17 World Championship, but the team failed to progress through the group stage.[13] In July 2002, he won the 2002 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship with the under-19 team and was again the only goalscorer in the Final.[11] Also, he finished as top scorer and was named player of the tournament.[13]
| “ | We complement each other very well. We get on well on the pitch and very well off it too. We're a good partnership. We both chase down defenders, put pressure on and fight to create chances for each other. | ” |
|
—David Villa, speaking about Torres[112] |
||
Torres made his debut for the senior Spanish national team on 6 September 2003 in a friendly against Portugal.[13] His first goal for Spain came against Italy on 28 April 2004.[13] He was selected for the Spanish squad for UEFA Euro 2004.[13] After appearing as a late substitute in Spain's first two group games, he started for the deciding game against Portugal.[13] Spain were losing 1–0 and, towards the end of the game, he hit the post.[13]
He scored seven goals in 11 appearances in qualifying for the 2006 FIFA World Cup,[113] making him Spain's top scorer for qualification, including a vital two goals against Belgium and his first international hat-trick against San Marino.[13] At his first ever appearance in a FIFA World Cup finals at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, Torres scored the final goal in a 4–0 victory over Ukraine with a volley.[114] In the second group match, Torres scored twice against Tunisia, first in the 76th minute to take Spain 2–1 into the lead, and then again from a penalty kick in the 90th.[115] With three goals, he finished the tournament as Spain's top scorer along with fellow striker David Villa.[116]
He was called up for Spain's UEFA Euro 2008 squad,[117] where he set up Villa to score Spain's first goal of the tournament in the first game in the group stage against Russia.[118] Torres came under criticism for apparently refusing to shake the hand of Spanish manager, Luis Aragonés, after being substituted.[119] He subsequently denied being angry with the coaching, saying that he was actually "irritated with himself".[119] He scored his first goal of the tournament in Spain's next game, a 2–1 win over Sweden.[120] Torres scored the winner and was named the man of the match in the Final against Germany in a 1–0 victory.[121][122] He said "It's just a dream come true. This is my first title and I hope it's the first of many. Victory in a Euro, it is almost as big as a World Cup. We are used to watching finals on television, but today we were here and we won. My job is to score goals. I want to win more titles and be the most important player in Europe and the world."[123] He was later named as a striker along with his striking partner Villa in the Team of the Tournament.[124]
Torres made his 60th appearance for Spain in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification victory over Turkey on 28 March 2009, becoming the youngest player to reach this milestone.[125] He was named in Spain's team for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup in June.[126] He scored his second hat-trick for Spain after 17 minutes into a Confederations Cup game against New Zealand on 14 June,[127] thus recording the fastest hat-trick by a player for Spain.[128] He played for Spain as they were defeated 2–0 by the United States in the semi-final,[129] as well as the third-place play-off, which Spain won 3–2 against South Africa after extra time.[130]
Having undergone knee surgery on 18 April 2010, and missed the end of the Premier League season, Torres' rehabilitation and fitness was closely monitored by Spain manager Vicente del Bosque.[83] Although still out injured, Torres was selected for Spain's 2010 FIFA World Cup squad in May.[131] On 8 June, Torres made his first appearance on the field in exactly two months, coming on as a substitute on 66 minutes against Poland in a pre-World Cup friendly.[131] He came on as a substitute on 61 minutes in Spain's opening World Cup game on 16 June, a 1–0 defeat to Switzerland.[132] He started the next two games against Honduras and Chile and although his performances in the group stage were described as below-par, he received backing from manager Vicente del Bosque.[133] Torres came on as a substitute on 105 minutes in the Final as Spain won the FIFA World Cup for the first time following a 1–0 victory over the Netherlands on 11 July 2010.[134]
Personal life[link]
Torres' parents are José and Flori, and he has two older siblings, Israel (born 1977) and Maria Paz (born 1976).[135] He married Olalla Domínguez Liste, with whom he had been in a relationship since 2001, on 27 May 2009 in a private ceremony with just two guests at the local town hall in El Escorial, Madrid.[136][137] They had been an item for eight years and are thought to have met in the Galician seaside town of Estorde, where Torres would go on family holidays each year to escape the Spanish capital.[138] The couple have two children, a daughter, Nora, born on 8 July 2009 at the Hospital La Rosaleda, in Santiago de Compostela,[139] and a son, born on 6 December 2010 at Liverpool Women's Hospital, with Torres missing the fixture against Aston Villa at Anfield.[140]
In 2009, it was reported that Torres has a personal fortune of £14 million.[141] He features in the video for "Ya Nada Volverá A Ser Como Antes" by Spanish pop rock group El Canto del Loco,[142] whose singer, Dani Martín, shares a strong friendship with the footballer.[143] He makes a cameo appearance in the 2005 comedy film Torrente 3: El protector.[144] In 2009, he released an autobiography entitled Torres: El Niño: My Story.[145]
Style of play[link]
He has been described as a world-class striker and is "quick, strong, impressive in the air, blessed with expert technique and is cool and collected in front of goal".[146]
Career statistics[link]
Club[link]
- As of match played 19 May 2012.
| Club | Season | League[A] | Cup[B] | League Cup | Europe[C] | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
| Atlético Madrid | 2000–01[147][148] | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 6 | 1 | ||
| 2001–02[149][150] | 36 | 6 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 37 | 7 | |||
| 2002–03[151][152] | 29 | 13 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 31 | 14 | |||
| 2003–04[153][154] | 35 | 19 | 5 | 2 | – | – | 40 | 21 | |||
| 2004–05[155][156][157] | 38 | 16 | 6 | 2 | – | 5 | 2 | 49 | 20 | ||
| 2005–06[158][159] | 36 | 13 | 4 | 0 | – | – | 40 | 13 | |||
| 2006–07[160][161] | 36 | 14 | 4 | 1 | – | – | 40 | 15 | |||
| Total | 214 | 82 | 24 | 7 | – | 5 | 2 | 243 | 91 | ||
| Liverpool | 2007–08[33] | 33 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 46 | 33 |
| 2008–09[162] | 24 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 38 | 17 | |
| 2009–10[82] | 22 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 32 | 22 | |
| 2010–11[163] | 23 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 26 | 9 | |
| Total | 102 | 65 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 30 | 12 | 142 | 81 | |
| Chelsea | 2010–11[163] | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 18 | 1 |
| 2011–12[164] | 32 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 49 | 11 | |
| Total | 46 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 3 | 67 | 12 | |
| Career total | 362 | 154 | 37 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 49 | 17 | 452 | 184 | |
International appearances[link]
| National team | Season | Friendly | Competitive | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
| Spain | 2003 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 2004 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 11 | 1 | |
| 2005 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 8 | |
| 2006 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 5 | |
| 2007 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | |
| 2008 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 13 | 3 | |
| 2009 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 5 | |
| 2010 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 11 | 3 | |
| 2011 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 1 | |
| 2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Career total | 38 | 9 | 54 | 19 | 92 | 28 | |
International goals[link]
| U16 international goals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 24 February 2001 | Estádio Capitão Josino da Costa, Lagoa | England |
2–1 | 2001 Algarve Tournament | |
| 2. | 24 February 2001 | Estadio de Lagos, Lagos |  Finland |
4–0 | 2001 Algarve Tournament | |
| 3. | ||||||
| 4. | 27 February 2001 | Estádio do Portimonense, Portimão |  Portugal |
1–1 | 2001 Algarve Tournament | |
| 5. | 22 April 2001 | New Ferens Park, Durham |  Romania |
3–0 | 3–0 | 2001 Under-16 Football Championship |
| 6. | 24 April 2001 | New Ferens Park, Durham |  Belgium |
2–0 | 5–0 | 2001 Under-16 Football Championship |
| 7. | 3–0 | |||||
| 8. | 29 April 2001 | Stadium of Light, Sunderland |  Italy |
1–0 | 1–1 | 2001 Under-16 Football Championship |
| 9. | 3 May 2001 | Riverside Stadium, Middlesbrough |  Croatia |
1–0 | 3–0 | 2001 Under-16 Football Championship |
| 10. | 3–0 | |||||
| 11. | 6 May 2001 | Stadium of Light, Sunderland |  France |
1–0 | 1–0 | 2001 Under-16 Football Championship |
| U17 international goal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 15 September 2001 | Ato Boldon Stadium, Couva |  Oman |
1–1 | 2–1 | 2001 U-17 World Championship |
| U18 international goal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 16 May 2001 | Complexo Desportivo Monte da Forca, Vila Real | Portugal |
3–1 | 2001 Under-18 Football Championship qualifier | |
| U19 international goals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 22 May 2002 | Estadio de La Condomina, Murcia |  Macedonia |
2–0 | 4–0 | 2002 Under-19 Football Championship qualifier |
| 2. | 3–0 | |||||
| 3. | 23 July 2002 | Hønefoss Stadion, Hønefoss | Norway |
2–0 | 3–0 | 2002 Under-19 Football Championship |
| 4. | 25 July 2002 | Marienlyst Stadion, Drammen | Slovakia |
2–1 | 3–1 | 2002 Under-19 Football Championship |
| 5. | 3–1 | |||||
| 6. | 28 July 2002 | Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo |  Germany |
1–0 | 1–0 | 2002 Under-19 Football Championship |
| U21 international goals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 16 April 2002 | Estadio Alfonso Murube, Ceuta |  Serbia |
2–0 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 2. | 10 June 2003 | Mourneview Park, Lurgan | Northern Ireland |
1–0 | 4–1 | 2004 Under-21 Football Championship qualifier |
| 3. | 2–0 | |||||
| Senior team international goals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 28 April 2004 | Stadio Luigi Ferraris, Genoa | Italy |
1–0 | 1–1 | Friendly |
| 2. | 9 February 2005 | Estadio Mediterraneo, Almería | San Marino |
2–0 | 5–0 | 2006 World Cup qualifier |
| 3. | 26 March 2005 | Estadio El Helmántico, Salamanca |  China PR |
1–0 | 3–0 | Friendly |
| 4. | 8 October 2005 | King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels | Belgium |
1–0 | 2–0 | 2006 World Cup qualifier |
| 5. | 2–0 | |||||
| 6. | 12 October 2005 | Stadio Olimpico, Rome | San Marino |
2–0 | 6–0 | 2006 World Cup qualifier |
| 7. | 5–0 | |||||
| 8. | 6–0 | |||||
| 9. | 12 November 2005 | Vicente Calderón, Madrid | Slovakia |
3–1 | 5–1 | 2006 World Cup qualifier |
| 10. | 7 June 2006 | Stade de Genève, Geneva | Croatia |
2–1 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 11. | 14 June 2006 | Zentralstadion, Leipzig |  Ukraine |
4–0 | 4–0 | 2006 World Cup |
| 12. | 19 June 2006 | Mercedes-Benz Arena, Stuttgart |  Tunisia |
2–1 | 3–1 | 2006 World Cup |
| 13. | 3–1 | |||||
| 14. | 2 September 2006 | Estadio Nuevo Vivero, Badajoz |  Liechtenstein |
1–0 | 4–0 | Euro 2008 qualifier |
| 15. | 12 September 2007 | Estadio Carlos Tartiere, Oviedo |  Latvia |
2–0 | 2–0 | Euro 2008 qualifier |
| 16. | 14 June 2008 | Tivoli Neu, Innsbruck |  Sweden |
1–0 | 2–1 | Euro 2008 |
| 17. | 29 June 2008 | Ernst-Happel-Stadion, Vienna | Germany |
1–0 | 1–0 | Euro 2008 |
| 18. | 19 November 2008 | El Madrigal, Villarreal |  Chile |
2–0 | 3–0 | Friendly |
| 19. | 9 June 2009 | Tofik Bakhramov, Baku |  Azerbaijan |
6–0 | 6–0 | Friendly |
| 20. | 14 June 2009 | Royal Bafokeng Stadium, Rustenburg |  New Zealand |
1–0 | 5–0 | 2009 Confederations Cup |
| 21. | 2–0 | |||||
| 22. | 3–0 | |||||
| 23. | 12 August 2009 | Philip II Arena, Skopje | Macedonia |
1–2 | 3–2 | Friendly |
| 24. | 8 June 2010 | Estadio de La Condomina, Murcia |  Poland |
5–0 | 6–0 | Friendly |
| 25. | 3 September 2010 | Rheinpark Stadion, Vaduz | Liechtenstein |
1–0 | 4–0 | Euro 2012 qualifier |
| 26. | 3–0 | |||||
| 27. | 4 June 2011 | Gillette Stadium, Foxborough |  United States |
4–0 | 4–0 | Friendly |
| 28. | 30 May 2012 | Stade de Suisse, Bern |  South Korea |
1–0 | 4–1 | Friendly |
Honours[link]
Atlético Madrid[link]
Chelsea[link]
International[link]
- UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship: 2001[177]
- UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship: 2002[177]
- UEFA European Championship: 2008[177]
- FIFA World Cup: 2010[177]
Individual[link]
- Nike Cup top scorer: 1999
- Algarve Tournament Player of the Tournament: 2001
- Algarve Tournament top scorer: 2001
- UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship Player of the Tournament: 2001
- UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship top scorer: 2001
- UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship Player of the Tournament: 2002
- UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship top scorer: 2002
- UEFA European Football Championship Team of the Tournament: 2008
- FIFPro World XI (2): 2008, 2009
- PFA Team of the Year (2): 2007–08, 2008–09
- Premier League Player of the Month (2): February 2008, September 2009
Footnotes[link]
- A. ^ The "League" column constitutes appearances and goals in La Liga, Segunda División and Premier League.
- B. ^ The "Cup" column constitutes appearances and goals in the Copa del Rey and FA Cup.
- C. ^ The "Europe" column constitutes appearances and goals in the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and UEFA Intertoto Cup.
References[link]
- General
- (in Spanish) HISTORIA DEL FÚTBOL ESPAÑOL, SELECCIONES ESPAÑOLAS. ISBN 978-84-8229-123-9.
- Specific
- ^ "Premier League Clubs submit Squad Lists" (PDF). Premier League. http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
- ^ a b c d "Infancia" (in Spanish). Fernando Torres. http://www.fernando9torres.com/index.php?s=biografia&ss=infancia. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ^ "First Team Profiles (Fernando Torres)". Chelsea F.C. http://www.chelseafc.com/page/PlayerProfileDetail/0,,10268~38242,00.html. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
- ^ White, Jim (2009-11-23). "Fernando Torres: exclusive interview with Liverpool and Spain's 'El Nino'". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/6614123/Fernando-Torres-exclusive-interview-with-Liverpool-and-Spains-El-Nino.html. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
- ^ "Fernando Torres condecorado con la Medalla "Ciudad de Fuenlabrada"" (in Spanish). SER Madrid Sur. 2009-02-06. http://www.sermadridsur.com/noticias/fernando-torres-condecorado-con-la-medalla-ciudad-de-fuenlabrada_1499/. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ Samuel, Martin (2009-01-19). "Fernando Torres talks to Martin Samuel: Liverpool's Spain superstar on Kaka, feeling at home and the battle to stop Manchester United's title chase". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1119803/FERNANDO-TORRES-TALKS-TO-MARTIN-SAMUEL-Liverpools-Spain-superstar-Kaka-feeling-home-battle-stop-Manchester-Uniteds-title-chase.html. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
- ^ "Torres asegura que habría sido "un gran portero"" (in Spanish). Marca (Madrid). 2008-04-17. http://archivo.marca.com/edicion/marca/futbol/internacional/es/desarrollo/1113428.html. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Japanese comic superhero drawn to Tokyo Olympic bid". The Free Library (taken from Agence France-Presse). 2009-08-11. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Japanese+comic+superhero+drawn+to+Tokyo+Olympic+bid-a01611962772. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ^ a b c d e f "Atlético de Madrid" (in Spanish). Fernando Torres. http://www.fernando9torres.com/index.php?s=biografia&ss=atmadrid. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
- ^ "Atletico Madrid in goalless draw with Dinamo Dresden". Atlético Madrid. 2006-07-31. http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/en/atleticoaldia/noticias.asp?id=594. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
- ^ a b c d e Lowe, Sid (2007-07-04). "Will Torres be Kop's new God or just another Fernando?". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2007/jul/04/newsstory.sport8. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ a b c d e "Primer equipo" (in Spanish). Fernando Torres. http://www.fernando9torres.com/index.php?s=biografia&ss=primerequipo. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Torres". FootballDatabase. Archived from the original on 2009-02-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20090215042343/http://www.footballdatabase.com/index.php?page=player&Id=555&b=true&pn=Fernando_Jos%C3%A9_Torres_Sanz. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
- ^ "Spanish La Liga Stats: Top Goal Scorers - 2003–04". ESPN Soccernet. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/stats/scorers/_/league/esp.1/year/2003/spanish-primera-division?cc=5739. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ a b c "UEFA Intertoto Cup 2004". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesu/uic04.html. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
- ^ "Atletico warn Chelsea off Torres". BBC Sport. 2005-06-28. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4630265.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Atletico prepared to sell Torres". BBC Sport. 2006-01-24. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4644186.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Newcastle want me, claims Torres". BBC Sport. 2006-03-16. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4811932.stm. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
- ^ Adams, Tom (2007-02-06). "'Flattered' Villa to stay with Che". Sky Sports. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11667_2404638,00.html. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
- ^ Prentice, David (2007-06-20). "Torres is Reds' number one target". Liverpool Echo. http://icliverpool.icnetwork.co.uk/0500liverpoolfc/0100news/tm_headline=torres-is-reds%2D-number-one-target%26method=full%26objectid=19326444%26siteid=50061-name_page.html. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ^ "No Reds offer for Torres". The Daily Star (Dhaka). 2007-06-27. http://www.thedailystar.net/2007/06/27/d70627043553.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ^ Kay, Oliver (2007-06-28). "Garcia the key as Liverpool step up pursuit of Torres". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/liverpool/article1996591.ece. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ^ a b "Liverpool complete Torres signing". BBC Sport. 2007-07-04. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/6239286.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ Carrick, Charles (2007-06-30). "Torres' £27m Liverpool deal". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2316106/Torres-27m-Liverpool-deal.html. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ a b "Liverpool wrap up record Torres transfer". The Guardian (London). 2007-07-04. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2007/jul/04/newsstory.sport3. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
- ^ Balague, Guillem (2008-03-31). "Rafael Benitez opens up on transfers, treachery, Torres, titles - and, of course, tinkering". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/liverpool/article3648804.ece. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ^ Sinnott, John (2007-08-11). "Aston Villa 1–2 Liverpool". BBC Sport. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/6931045.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ Sanghera, Mandeep (2007-08-15). "Toulouse 0–1 Liverpool". BBC Sport. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/6941921.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ Chowdhury, Saj (2007-08-19). "Liverpool 1–1 Chelsea". BBC Sport. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/6941876.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ McKenzie, Andrew (2007-09-25). "Reading 2–4 Liverpool". BBC Sport. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/7008013.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ Sinnott, John (2007-11-28). "Liverpool 4–1 FC Porto". BBC Sport. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7110714.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Moyes & Torres win monthly awards". BBC Sport. 2008-03-07. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7284223.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ a b c d "Season 2007/2008:". Sportbox.tv. http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=103351&season=2008. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ Barrett, Tony (2008-03-06). "Fernando Torres: My pride at Anfield hat-trick record". Liverpool Echo. http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-fc/liverpool-fc-news/2008/03/06/fernando-torres-my-pride-at-anfield-hat-trick-record-100252-20567834/. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
- ^ May, John (2008-03-15). "Liverpool 2–1 Reading". BBC Sport. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7284959.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ McKenzie, Andrew (2008-04-08). "Liverpool 4–2 Arsenal (agg 5–3)". BBC Sport. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7332209.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Goalscorers for the 2001-2002 season". LFChistory.net. http://www.lfchistory.net/SeasonArchive/Goalscorers/44. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Ronaldo tops PFA nominations list". BBC Sport. 2008-04-11. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7342574.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ a b "Ronaldo named player of the year". BBC Sport. 2008-04-27. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/7370319.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Ronaldo wins writers' award again". BBC Sport. 2008-05-02. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7379586.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Liverpool 1–0 Man City". ESPN Soccernet. 2008-05-04. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=239777&&cc=5739. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
- ^ Caroe, Charlie (2008-05-06). "Jose Reina: Fernando Torres will improve". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2299624/Jose-Reina-Fernando-Torres-will-improve.html. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Barclays Premier League Stats: Top Goal Scorers - 2007–08". ESPN Soccernet. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/stats/scorers/_/league/eng.1/year/2007/barclays-premier-league?cc=5739. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ Caroe, Charlie (2008-05-26). "Chelsea target Liverpool's Spanish striker Fernando Torres with £50 million bid". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2301603/Chelsea-target-Liverpools-Spanish-striker-Fernando-Torres-with-50-million-bid.html. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Torres pledges long-term future to Reds". ESPN Soccernet. 2008-05-31. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=541317&cc=5739. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
- ^ "Hicks laughs off Torres sale talk". BBC Sport. 2008-06-17. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/7459591.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
- ^ Stevenson, Jonathan (2008-08-16). "Sunderland 0–1 Liverpool". BBC Sport. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7551170.stm. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
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- ^ a b "N. Ireland 1 – Spain 4". Soccer Spain. http://www.soccer-spain.com/ssdocs/archive2002/u21international/u21int11.html. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ^ a b "Spain 4 – Macedonia 0". Soccer Spain. http://www.soccer-spain.com/ssdocs/archive2001/u19international/u19int06.html. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ^ "Norway 0 – Spain 3". Soccer Spain. http://www.soccer-spain.com/ssdocs/archive2002/u19international/u19int02.html. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ^ "Slovakia 1 – Spain 3". Soccer Spain. http://www.soccer-spain.com/ssdocs/archive2002/u19international/u19int03.html. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ^ "Spain 1 – Germany 0". Soccer Spain. http://www.soccer-spain.com/ssdocs/archive2002/u19international/u19int04.html. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ^ "Oman – Spain". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=102/edition=4695/matches/match=23860/report.html. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "Palmarés" (in Spanish). Fernando Torres. http://www.fernando9torres.com/index.php?s=palmares. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fernando Torres |
- Official website
- Fernando Torres – FIFA competition record
- Fernando Torres career stats at Soccerbase
- Fernando Torres at National-Football-Teams.com
| Sporting positions | ||
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| Preceded by Carlos Aguilera |
Atlético Madrid Captain 2003–2007 |
Succeeded by Maxi Rodríguez |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Torres Sanz, Fernando José |
| Alternative names | Torres y Sanz, Fernando José; Torres Sanz, Fernando; Torres y Sanz, Fernando |
| Short description | Footballer |
| Date of birth | 20 March 1984 |
| Place of birth | Fuenlabrada, Spain |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Fernando_Torres
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Fernando Torres
http://cs.wn.com/Fernando Torres
http://id.wn.com/Fernando Torres
http://es.wn.com/Fernando Torres
http://ru.wn.com/Торрес, Фернандо
http://nl.wn.com/Fernando Torres
http://pl.wn.com/Fernando Torres
http://fr.wn.com/Fernando Torres
http://de.wn.com/Fernando Torres
http://pt.wn.com/Fernando Torres
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
