Alamannia
← 3rd century–911 →
Alemannia (orange) and Upper Burgundy (green) in the 10th century.
Capital	Not specified
Government	Monarchy
Historical era	Migration period, Early Middle Ages
- Alamanni invade Germania superior	3rd century
- Under Frankish suzerainty	496
- Stem duchy of East Francia	843
- Election of Conrad I of Germany, formation of the Holy Roman Empire	911

Alamannia or Alemannia was the territory inhabited by the Germanic Alamanni after they broke through the Roman limes in 213. The Alamanni expanded from the Main basin during the 3rd century, raiding the Roman provinces and settling on the left bank of the Rhine from the 4th century. Ruled by independent tribal kings during the 4th to 5th centuries, Alamannia lost its independence and became a duchy of the Frankish Empire in the 6th century, and with the beginning formation of the Holy Roman Empire under Conrad I in 911 became the Duchy of Swabia. The term Swabia was often used interchangeably with Alamannia in the 10th to 13th centuries.

The territory of Alamannia as it existed from the 7th to 9th centuries corresponds roughly to what is today the German region of Swabia, the French Alsace and the eastern part of the Swiss plateau (Eastern and Central Switzerland).

Tribal kingdoms[link]

Originally a loose confederation of unrelated tribes, the Alamanni underwent coalescence or ethnogenesis during the 3rd century, and were ruled by kings throughout the 4th and 5th centuries until 496, when they were defeated by Clovis I of the Franks at the Battle of Tolbiac.

The Alamanni during the Roman Empire period were divided into a number of cantons or goviae, each presided by a tribal king. But there appears to have been the custom of the individual kings uniting under the leadership of a single king in military expeditions.

Alamannian settlings between the 3rd and 6th centuries.

Some kings of the Alamanni of the 4th and 5th centuries are known by name, the first being Chrocus (died 306), a military leader who organized raids across the limes during the 3rd century. Chnodomarius (fl. 350) supported Constantius II in the rebellion of Magnentius. Chnodomarius was the leader of the Alamannic army in the battle of Strasbourg in 357.

Macrian, Hariobaud, Urius, Ursicinus, Vadomar, and Vestralp were Alamannic kings who in 359 made treaties with Julian the Apostate. Macrian was deposed in an expedition ordered by Valentinian I in 370. Macrian appears to have been involved in building a large alliance of Alamannic tribes against Rome, which earned him the title of turbarum rex artifex ("king and crafter of unrest"). The Romans installed Fraomar as a successor of Marcian, but the Bucinobantes would not accept him and he was expelled and Macrian restored and Valentinian made the Bucinobantes his foederati in the war against the Franks. Macrian was killed on campaign against the Franks, in an ambush laid by the Frankish king Mallobaudes.

Gibuld (fl. 470) is the last known king of the Alamanni. His raid on Passau is mentioned in the vita of Saint Lupus. The name of Gibuld's successor who was defeated at Tolbiac is not known.

Merovingian duchy[link]

After their defeat in 496, the Alamanni bucked the Frankish yoke and put themselves under the protection of Theodoric the Great of the Ostrogoths, but after his death they were again subjugated by the Franks (539), under Theuderic I and Theudebert I. Thereafter, Alamannia was a nominal dukedom within Francia.

Though ruled by their own dukes, it is not likely that they were very often united under one duke in the 6th and 7th centuries. The Alamanni most frequently appear as auxiliaries in expeditions to Italy. The Duchy of Alsace was Alamannic, but it was ruled by a line of Frankish dukes and the region around the upper Danube and Neckar rivers was ruled by the Ahalolfing family and not by the ducal house which ruled central Alamannia around Lake Constance. Rhaetia too, though Alamannic, was ruled by the Victorids coterminously with the Diocese of Chur.

Alamannia was Christianised during the 7th century, although not as thoroughly^{[dubious – discuss]} as either Francia to its west or Bavaria to its east. The first Alamannic law code, Pactus Alamannorum, dates to this period. The Roman dioceses of Strasbourg and Basel covered Alsace and that of Chur, as mentioned, Rhaetia. Alamannia itself only had a diocese in the east, at Augsburg (early 7th century). There were two Roman bishoprics, Windisch and Octodurum, which were moved early to other sites (Avenches and Sitten respectively). Western Alamannia did eventually (7th century) receive a diocese (Constance) through the cooperation of the bishops of Chur and the Merovingian monarchs. The foundation of Constance is obscure, though it was the largest diocese in Germany throughout the Merovingian and early Carolingian era. The dioceses of Alamannia, including Chur, which had been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan, were placed under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Mainz by the Carolingians.

After the death of Dagobert I in 638, Alamannia, like Bavaria, Aquitaine, and Brittany, broke its ties with its Frankish sovereigns and struggled for independence. This was largely successful until the early 8th century, when a series of campaigns waged by the Arnulfing mayors of the palace reduced Alamannia to a province of Francia once again. It was, however, during this period of de facto independence that the Alamanni began to be ruled by one duke, though Alsace and Rhaetia remained outside of the scope of Alamannia. Between 709 and 712, Pepin of Heristal fought against Lantfrid, who appears as dux of the Alamanni, and who committed to writing the second Alamannic law code, the Lex Alamannorum. In 743, Pepin the Short and Carloman waged a campaign to reduce Alamannia and in 746 Carloman began a final thrust to subdue the Alamannic nobility. Several thousand Alamanni noblemen were summarily arrested, tried, and executed them for treason at a Council at Cannstatt. Thereafter, Alamanni was ruled by Franks and the only remaining native Alamannic nobility seems to have hailed from Alsace.

[edit] Carolingian regnum

During the reign of Louis the Pious, there were tendencies to renewed independence in Alamanni, and the 830s were marked by bloody feuds between the Alamannic and Rhaetian nobility vying for dominion over the area. Following the Treaty of Verdun of 843, Alamannia became a province of East Francia, the kingdom of Louis the German, the precursor of the Kingdom of Germany. It was called a regnum in contemporary sources, though this does not necessarily mean that it was a kingdom or subkingdom. At times, however, it was. It was granted to Charles the Bald in 829, though it is not certain whether he was recognised as duke or king. It was certainly a kingdom, including Alsace and Rhaetia, when it was granted to Charles the Fat in the division of East Francia in 876. Under Charles, the Alammania became the centre of the Empire, but after his deposition, it found itself out of favour. Though ethnically singular, it was still plagued by Rhaetian-Alamannic feuds and fighting over the control of the Alammanic church.

Alamannia in the late 9th century, like Bavaria, Saxony, and Franconia, sought to unite itself under one duke, but it had considerably less success than either Saxony or Bavaria. Alammannia was one of the jüngeres Stammesherzogtum, one of the "younger" stem duchies, or tibal duchies, which formed the basis of the political organisation of East Francia after the collapse of the Carolingian dynasty in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. In the 10th century, no noble house of Alamannia succeeded in fouding a ducal dynasty, as the Ottonians did in Saxony or the Liutpolding in Bavaria, though the Hunfridings came closest.

The duchy encompassed the area surrounding Lake Constance, the Black Forest, and the left and right banks of the Rhine, including Alsace and parts of the Swiss plateau, bordering on Upper Burgundy. The boundary with Burgundy, fixed in 843, ran along the lower Aare, turning towards the south at the Rhine, passing west of Lucerne and across the Alps along the upper Rhône to the Saint Gotthard Pass. In the north, the boundary ran from the Murg (some 30 km south of Karlsruhe) to Heilbronn and the Nördlinger Ries. The eastern boundary was at the Lech River. Argovia was disputed territory between the dukes of Alamannia and Burgundy.

From the tenth century onwards, Alamannia is more typically known as the Duchy of Swabia.

Legacy[link]

Alemannic German persists as a separate family of dialects within High German. The distribution of the Low Alemannic and High Alemannic subgroups largely correspond to the extent of historical Alemannia, while the Highest Alemannic dialects spread beyond its limits during the High Middle Ages. The Brünig-Napf-Reuss line is a cultural boundary within High Alemannic which marks the division of Alemannia proper and the Argovia marches between Alemannia and Burgundy.

The names for Germany in modern Arabic (ألمانيا), Catalan (Alemanya), Welsh (Yr Almaen), Cornish (Almayn), French (Allemagne), Persian (Alman), Portuguese (Alemanha), Spanish (Alemania), and Turkish (Almanya) all derive from Alamannia. A similar correspondence exists for "German", both as the language and the adjectival form of "Germany".

List of rulers[link]

Kings[link]

Known kings of Alamannia prior to AD 496:

• Chrocus 306
• Mederich (father of Agenarich, brother to Chnodomar)
• Chnodomar 350, 357
• Vestralp 357, 359
• Ur 357, 359
• Agenarich (Serapio) 357
• Suomar 357, 358
• Hortar 357, 359
• Gundomad 354 (co-regent of Vadomar)
• Ursicin 357, 359
• Makrian 368–371
• Rando 368
• Hariobaud 4th c.
• Vadomar vor 354–360
• Vithicab 360–368
• Priarius ?–378
• Gibuld (Gebavult) c. 470

Merovingian dukes[link]

• Butilin 539–554
• Leuthari I before 552–554
• Haming 539–554
• Lantachar until 548 (Avenches diocese)
• Magnachar 565 (Avenches diocese)
• Vaefar 573 (Avenches diocese)
• Theodefrid
• Leutfred until 588
• Uncilin 588–607
• Gunzo 613
• Chrodobert 630
• Leuthari II 642
• Gotfrid until 709
• Willehari 709–712 (in Ortenau)
• Lantfrid 709–730
• Theudebald 709–744

See also[link]

• Early history of Switzerland
• Alemannic German

Sources[link]

• Reuter, Timothy. Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056. New York: Longman, 1991.

Emmanuel Krontiris (born 11 February 1983 in Hanover) is a German football player who plays for SpVgg Unterhaching.^[1]

Career[link]

He began his career aged 17 with Tennis Borussia Berlin.

Honours[link]

Club Titles

• Fußball-Bundesliga: 2001–02

References[link]

External links[link]

• Emmanuel Krontiris at fussballdaten.de (German)

Sascha Rösler

Personal information
Full name	Sascha Rösler
Date of birth	(1977-10-28) 28 October 1977 (age 34)
Place of birth	Tettnang, West Germany
Height	1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)
Playing position	Striker
Club information
Current club	Fortuna Düsseldorf
Number	30
Youth career
1982–1990	TSV Meckenbeuren
1990–1992	VfB Friedrichshafen
1992–1995	SSV Ulm 1846
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
1995–2001	SSV Ulm 1846	143	(24)
2001	TSV 1860 München	0	(0)
2001–2002	→ Rot-Weiß Oberhausen (loan)	21	(5)
2002–2005	Greuther Fürth	74	(29)
2005–2007	Alemannia Aachen	62	(13)
2009–2010	TSV 1860 München	38	(5)
2010–2012	Fortuna Düsseldorf	57	(19)
2012–	Alemannia Aachen
National team‡
1997–1999	Germany U-21	8	(2)
2003	Germany Team 2006	1	(0)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 31 May 2012. † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 17 August 2008

Sascha Rösler (born 28 October 1977 in Tettnang) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for Fortuna Düsseldorf.^[1]

On 4 November 2008, he was suspended and called up for the second team of Borussia Mönchengladbach. He was released by the club in December 2008.^[2]

On 8 January 2009, he moved to TSV 1860 München.^[3] After the end of his contract on 30 June 2010 he signed with Fortuna Düsseldorf. Rösler helped the Fortuna to get back to the first devision and announced he was planning to retire after spending two seasons in Düsseldorf.

On 30 May 2012 it was announced that Rösler is signing with third Bundesliga side Alemannia Aachen for one year.^[4]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Sascha Rösler at fussballdaten.de (German)

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Albert Streit

Streit with Frankfurt in 2006.
Personal information
Full name	Albert Streit
Date of birth	(1980-03-28) 28 March 1980 (age 32)
Place of birth	Bucharest, Romania
Height	1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)
Playing position	Defensive Midfielder
Club information
Current club	Alemannia Aachen
Number	13
Youth career
1986–1989	FV Zuffenhausen
1989–1997	VfB Stuttgart
1997–2001	Eintracht Frankfurt
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
2001–2003	Eintracht Frankfurt	53	(2)
2003	VfL Wolfsburg	5	(1)
2004–2006	FC Köln	78	(8)
2006–2007	Eintracht Frankfurt	40	(4)
2008–2011	Schalke 04	14	(0)
2009–2011	Schalke 04 II	26	(2)
2009	→ Hamburger SV (loan)	10	(0)
2009	→ Hamburger SV II (loan)	2	(0)
2012–	Alemannia Aachen	0	(0)
National team
2003–2004	Germany B	4	(0)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 20:32, 1 June 2009 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals).

Albert Streit (born 28 March 1980 in Bucharest) is a German footballer.

Career[link]

Streit signed a three-year contract with Eintracht Frankfurt following the relegation of his previous team, 1. FC Köln, on 9 May 2006.

At the end of the season of 2006-07, he announced that had come to an agreement about his move to Schalke. Eintracht manager Friedhelm Funkel benched him for a few matches, arguing Streit would not train well. After an accord between Streit and Eintracht executive Heribert Bruchhagen he would have been allowed to move to Schalke if Streit would play hard in the final matches. The transfer finally failed because Schalke executive Andreas Müller refused to pay more than €2 million and Eintracht clearly turned down the offer.

Streit has repeatedly stated that his performances would be worthy to a call up for Germany, but Joachim Löw has so far refused to nominate him.

In October 2007 Eintracht chairman Heribert Bruchhagen offered him an improved two-year contract, but Streit announced on November 12 that he signed a four-year contract for Schalke beginning in summer of 2008.^[1] But in December 2007 Eintracht Frankfurt agreed to a prematurely move of Streit to Schalke in January 2008.^[2]

In January 2009 Streit was thrown out of the squad of the first team of Schalke. He had to play for the second team of Schalke in the Regionalliga.^[3] He joined on 2 February 2009 on loan to Hamburger SV until the end of the season.^[4] After his return in July 2009 he was demoted to the reserve team from FC Schalke 04.^[5] His contract ends on 30 June 2012.^[6]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Career stats at Fussballdaten.de (German)