- published: 22 Mar 2010
- views: 4242
- author: GreenpeaceChina
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- Anhui
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Anhui
Coordinates: 31°50′N 117°0′E / 31.833°N 117°E / 31.833; 117
Anhui (Chinese: 安徽; pinyin: Ānhuī; Wade–Giles: An-hui, Mandarin pronunciation: [ánxwéi]) is a province in the People's Republic of China. Located in eastern China across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny section in the north. The capital of the province is Hefei.
The name "Anhui" derives from the names of two cities in south Anhui, Anqing and Huizhou (now Huangshan City). The abbreviation for Anhui is "皖" (Wǎn), because there were historically a State of Wan, a Mount Wan, and a Wan river in the province.
The province of Anhui was formed in the seventeenth century. Before then, there was no coherent concept of "Anhui". Northern Anhui was firmly a part of the North China Plain in terms of culture, together with modern-day Henan province. Central Anhui constituted most of the fertile and densely-populated Huai He River watershed. Southern Anhui, along the Yangtze, was closer to Hubei and southern Jiangsu provinces in culture. Finally, the hills of southeastern Anhui formed a unique and distinct cultural sphere of its own.
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Beijing
Beijing (
/beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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Binhai New Area
Binhai New Area (simplified Chinese: 滨海新区; traditional Chinese: 濱海新區)，also known as Binhai (simplified Chinese: 滨海; traditional Chinese: 濱海), is a major economic development zone within the jurisdiction of Tianjin municipality in China. Binhai New Area is located on the coast, east of Tianjin, and is centered on the Circum-Bohai-Sea Region. Binhai New Area is a new growth area in China. By the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies had invested and established branch offices there. Binhai is intended to be a base for China's advanced industrial and financial reform and innovation. A number of major companies including Rockefeller, TISHMAN SPEYER, Motorola, Airbus have built branches there. For instance, EADS Airbus has already opened an assembly plant for its A320 series airliners, operational since 2009. The Binhai New Area is intended to replicate development seen in Shenzhen and Pudong, Shanghai. It is a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in the PRC, and experimental reforms are taking place throughout the zone.
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Binzhou
Binzhou (simplified Chinese: 滨州; traditional Chinese: 濱州; pinyin: Bīnzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in northern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yellow River with two arms extended to the southern bank, Binzhou borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the southwest, Dezhou to the west, Zibo to the south, Dongying to the east, and the province of Hebei to the north. The city also has a short coastline bordering the Bohai Bay.
Humans have been living in the area around Binzhou since the Neolithic era. It was called “Pugu country” in the Shang Dynasty, and was a county in the Qin Dynasty. It was first called Binzhou in era of the Five Dynasties because it borders the Bohai Sea. Nowadays, it has more than 3.7 million inhabitants. The major Industries are based on oil, chemicals and textiles.
The prefecture-level city of Binzhou administers 7 county-level divisions, including 1 district and 6 counties.
Prior to 1983, both Binzhou and neighboring Dongying were not considered large or developed enough to be incorporated into cities. Instead, they formed a "di qu" (literally, a "region") managed by the provincial government. BinZhou used to be named Huimin Prefecture (惠民地区) before it was renamed to BinZhou Prefecture in 1984 and promoted to a prefecture-level city in 1992.
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Bocca Tigris
The Bocca Tigris, Bogue, or Humen (Chinese: 虎门; pinyin: Hǔmén, literally: "tiger gate") is a narrow strait in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, where the Pearl River discharges into the South China Sea. The strait is formed by the islands of Chuenpee (穿鼻) and Anunghoy (阿娘鞋, a.k.a. 威远) on the eastern side and Tycocktow (大角头) on the western side. Since 1997, the strait is crossed by the Humen Pearl River Bridge.
Because of its strategic location as a naval gateway to Guangzhou, the strait was traditionally fortified and some major battles in the First Opium War were fought here.
Coordinates: 22°47′36″N 113°35′52″E / 22.7933°N 113.5979°E / 22.7933; 113.5979
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Boluo County
Boluo County (simplified Chinese: 博罗县; traditional Chinese: 博羅縣; Mandarin Pinyin: Bóluó Xiàn; Jyutping: bok3lo4 jyun6) is a county of eastern Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Huizhou City.
In Lüshi Chunqiu, it was already one of the many Yue states without a king.
Boluo County is said to be the home to the country's largest farm for raising the rare "Golden coin turtle" Cuora trifasciata.
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British colony
A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire.
Crown, or royal, colonies were ruled by a governor appointed by the Monarch. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the Sovereign appointed royal governors on the advice of the Secretary of State for the Colonies. Under the name of "royal colony", the first of what would later become known as Crown colonies was the English Colony of Virginia in the present-day United States, after the Crown took control from the Virginia Company in 1624.
Until the mid-nineteenth century, the term "Crown colony" was primarily used to refer to those colonies which had been acquired through wars, such as Trinidad and Tobago and British Guiana, but after that time it was more broadly applied to any colony other than the Presidencies and provinces of British India and the colonies of settlement, such as The Canadas, Newfoundland, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, and New Zealand, later to become the Dominions.
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Cangzhou
Cangzhou (simplified Chinese: 沧州; traditional Chinese: 滄州; pinyin: Cāngzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. Cangzhou's urban center has a population of approximately 514,074 as of the 2010 national census (corresponding to the built up area of the prefecture-level city), while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,134,053. It lies approximately 180 km from Beijing, China's capital, and 90 km from the major port city of Tianjin.
Cangzhou City comprises 2 districts, 4 county-level cities, 9 counties and 1 autonomous county.
Cangzhou's urban center is a heavily industrial city but the city's administrative territory also includes strongly agricultural areas, and is well known in China for its Chinese jujubes (Chinese dates) and Ya pears (widely known under the export name of Tianjin Ya Pear). The North China Oil Field is within Cangzhou City's jurisdiction. Cangzhou also encompasses a large fishing port and the modern coal-exporting Huanghua Harbour.
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Chengde
Chengde (Chinese: 承德; pinyin: Chéngdé), previously known as Jehol or Re He (Chinese: 热河; pinyin: Rèhé), is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, People's Republic of China, situated northeast of Beijing. It is best known as the site of the Mountain Resort, a vast imperial garden and palace formerly used by the Qing emperors as summer residence. The urban center had a population of approximately 450,000 as of 2009.
In 1703, Chengde was chosen by the Kangxi Emperor as the location for his summer residence. Constructed throughout the eighteenth century, the Mountain Resort (避暑山庄; literally "avoiding the heat mountain villa") was used by both the Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors. The site is currently an UNESCO World Heritage Site. Since the seat of government followed the emperor, Chengde was a political center of the Chinese empire during these times.
The city of Jehol reached its height under the Qianlong Emperor 1735-1796 (died 1799). The great monastery temple of the Potala, loosely based on the Potala in Lhasa, was completed after just four years of work in 1771. It was heavily decorated with gold and the emperor worshipped in the Golden Pavilion. In the temple itself was a bronze-gilt statue of Tsongkhapa, the Reformer of the Gelugpa sect.
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China
China (
i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Cotai
Coordinates: 22°08′27″N 113°33′47″E / 22.14082°N 113.56310°E / 22.14082; 113.56310
Cotai (Chinese: 路氹城) is a 5.2 km2 piece of newly reclaimed land between Taipa and Coloane islands in Macau, that has not yet been assigned to any of the freguesias. The Chinese and Portuguese names are a portmanteau of the two islands, Coloane and Taipa.
Cotai was created to provide Macau with a new gambling and tourism area since Macau is so densely populated and land is scarce. The Cotai Strip is the name used more commonly for this area in Cotai where the casinos and hotels are currently being built.
Galaxy entertainment's Grand Waldo Hotel was the first casino to commence operations in Cotai, opening its doors in May, 2006. The construction of many other casino and hotel projects is currently underway. The largest and most notable property on Cotai so far is Las Vegas Sands' Venetian Macao, which opened its doors on August 28, 2007.Melco PBL Holdings opened the City of Dreams directly across the street from the Venetian on June 1, 2009.
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Dalian
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Dinghu Mountain
Dinghu Mountain and Lake (Chinese: 鼎湖山) is located in Dinghu District, 18km to the east of Zhaoqing City, in the Dayunwu Mountain Range, in Guangdong Province of southern China. It is one of the four famous mountains - Danxia, Dinghu, Xiqiao and Luofu in Guangdong province.
Known as the "green gem on the Tropic of Cancer", the mountain's peaks rise above ancient towering trees, flying waterfalls, fresh air, various birds and colorful flowers. Since ancient times, it has been a tourist attraction and a Buddhist sacred place. Its shrines attract up to 1 million visitors per year (1997).
The Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve, established in 1956, was the first nature reserve in China. It is also among the first group of designated scientific research stations of the UNESCO "Man and Natural Biosphere" (since 1979).
Dinghu Mountain is known as a living nature museum and a green treasure house. With abundant plant species, it is home to over 500 species of plants, including 23 rare species in imminent danger under state protection. It is also home to various kinds of animals, including 178 species of birds and 38 species of animals, 15 species of which are under state protection.
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Dongguan
Dongguan (simplified Chinese: 东莞; traditional Chinese: 東莞; pinyin: Dōngguǎn, Mandarin pronunciation: [tʊ́ŋkwàn]; Cantonese: Dung1 gun2; Postal Map Spelling: Tungkuan) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.
An important industrial city located in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, Shenzhen to the south, and the Pearl River to the west.
It is also home to the world's largest, though mostly empty, shopping mall, New South China Mall. City administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment. The three neighboring municipalities of Guangzhou, Dongguan, and Shenzhen are home to over 25 million residents, accounting for a large proportion of the Pearl River Delta Region's population.
Dongguan ranks behind only Shenzhen, Shanghai and Suzhou in exports among Chinese cities, with $65.54bn in shipment.
Dongguan has no intermediate county level; instead it is divided into:
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Foshan
Foshan (Chinese: 佛山; pinyin: Fóshān, pronounced [fwɔ̌ ʂán]), is a city in central Guangdong province in southern China. The prefectural area under the city's jurisdiction over an area of about 3,840 km² and a population of 5.4 million of which 1.1 million reside in the city proper (year 2000 figures).
It is shown on some older maps as 'Fatshan', which is a phonetic spelling of the city's Cantonese name. Today many areas of Foshan city are occupied mostly by Chinese migrants coming from different provinces of China and speak only Mandarin, while its native dialect is a Foshan variant of Cantonese.
The town of Foshan is many centuries old, and was famous for its porcelain industry. Now, the third largest city in Guangdong, it has become relatively affluent compared to other Chinese cities, and is home to many large private enterprises. Foshan has recently seen a transformation brought by China's booming economy. Foshan is also famous for its martial arts. It contains numerous Wing Chun schools where many come to train and spar.
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Gaoyao
Gaoyao (Chinese: 高要; Mandarin Pinyin: Gāoyào; Jyutping: gou1jiu3) is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Zhaoqing prefecture-level city in western Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. Population: 706,000.
Gaoyao is located on the southern bank of the Xi River, just opposite to Zhaoqing City. Both are about 100|km}} away from Guangzhou, the provincial capital.
Gaoyao was established as a county as early as in the Han Dynasty. It was named after Gaoyao Gorge (now renamed Lingyang Gorge) on the Xi River, and became a city at county level in 1993.
Places of interest include the Red Mansion and Gaoyao Xuegong Pavilion.
There are also 3 pagodas that can be seen in Gaoyao.
Gaoyao has juridiction over one subdistrict and several towns:
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Geography of China
Geography of China
The geographic space of the People's Republic of China (referred thereafter as 'China') stretches some 5,026 kilometres (3,123 mi) across the East Asian landmass. China is bordered by seas and waters eastward, with the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, and bordered by landmasses on its 3 other sides, from North Korea to Vietnam. China has been officially and conveniently divided into 5 homogeneous physical macro-regions: Eastern China (subdivided into the northeast plain, north plain, and southern hills), Xinqiang-Mongolia, and the Tibetan-highlands. Its physical features are multiples. The eastern and southern half of the country, its seacoast fringed with offshore islands, is a region of fertile lowlands and foothills with most of the agricultural output and human population. The western and northern half of China is a region of sunken basins (Gobi, Taklamakan), rolling plateaus, and towering massifs, including a portion of the highest tableland on earth (Tibetan Plateau) with lower agricultural possibilities and thus, far less populated.
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Guangdong
Coordinates: 23°24′N 113°30′E / 23.4°N 113.5°E / 23.4; 113.5
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province. It surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are amongst the most populous and important cities in China.
Since 1989 Guangdong has topped the total GDP rankings among all provincial-level divisions, with Jiangsu and Shandong second and third in rank. According to provincial annual preliminary statistics, Guangdong's GDP in 2010 reached CNY 4,550 billion, or USD 689.02 billion, making its economy roughly the same size as that of Turkey or Indonesia. Guangdong has the fourth highest GDP per capita among all provinces of mainland China, after Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Liaoning. The province contributes approximately 12% of the PRC's national economic output, and is home to the production facilities and offices of a wide-ranging set of multinational and Chinese corporations. Guangdong also hosts the largest Import and Export Fair in China called the Canton Fair in Guangdong's capital city Guangzhou.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
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Hebei
Coordinates: 39°18′N 116°42′E / 39.3°N 116.7°E / 39.3; 116.7
Hebei (help·info) (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: Héběi; Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a province of the People's Republic of China in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "冀" (jì), named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province (zhou) that included what is now southern Hebei. The name Hebei means "north of the river", referring to its location completely above the Yellow River.
In 1928, Hebei was formed after the central government dissolved the province of Chih-li (直隸), which means "Directly Ruled (by the Imperial Court)".
Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities, which border each other, were carved out of Hebei. The province borders Liaoning to the northeast, Inner Mongolia to the north, Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, and Shandong to the southeast. Bohai Bay of the Yellow Sea is to the east. A small part of Hebei, an exclave disjointed from the rest of the province, is wedged between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
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Hengqin New Area
Hengqin Dao is an island in Zhuhai, a prefecture-level city and Special Economic Zone in the Guangdong province of the People's Republic of China. It has a population of about 3,000.
The whole island is designated a special economic district, as Hengqin New Area, similar to Binhai New Area in Tianjin and Pudong New Area in Shanghai.
Hengqin Island is adjacent to Ilha da Taipa and Ilha de Coloane of Macau, and is connected to Macau's Cotai via the Lotus Bridge. The island is the largest among the 146 islands of Zhuhai, being roughly three times the size of Macau. It has broad bays, sandy beaches, strangely shaped jagged rocks, beautiful scenery, fresh air, and natural vegetation cover.
Hengqin was formerly made up of two islands, Xiao Hengqin (Portuguese: D. João) and Da Hengqin (Portuguese: Montanha), which were recently connected as a result of land reclamation. The reclaimed island is 96 square km (37 square miles).
Both Xiao Hengqin and Da Hengqin were claimed by Portugal, along with the larger former island of Wanzai (Portuguese: Lapa) — now a peninsula — to their north, as part of the Província da Macau, because "Portuguese schools are established there." In 1896, Portuguese determined to occupy the two islands of Hengqin, but it was unsuccessful. They were briefly occupied by Portugal before World War II.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Huadu District
Huadu District (simplified Chinese: 花都区; traditional Chinese: 花都區; Mandarin Pinyin: Huādu Qū; Jyutping: faa1dou1 keoi1; literally "flower capital") is a district of Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. It is located in the far northern suburbs of the city.
Xinhua Town is the seat of local government, and of the district CCP committee.
The district was established as a county in the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911). It was recognized as a city in 1993, and in 2000, it became an attached suburban district of Guangzhou.
Natives speak a dialect of Yue Chinese called Huaxian (花县话).
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, Guangzhou's main airport, is located in the district, as is Guangzhou North Railway Station on the Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway.
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Huicheng District
Huicheng District (Chinese: 惠城; pinyin: Huìchéng) is a district of Huizhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.
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Huizhou
Huizhou (Chinese: 惠州; pinyin: Hùizhōu; Cantonese: Wai⁶zau¹), historically known as Waichow, is a city located in central Guangdong province of the People's Republic of China. Part of the Pearl River Delta, Huizhou borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the west, Shaoguan to the north, Heyuan to the northeast, Shanwei to the east, Shenzhen and Dongguan to the southwest, and looks out to the South China Sea to the south. Administered as a prefecture-level city, it has 4,60 million residents in its area of jurisdiction. Its southern part made of Huiyang district is now part off guangzhou-Shenzhen built up area, the biggest built up area in the world with more than 40 million inhabitants encompassing the whole Shenzhen, Dongguan cities and main part of Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhongshan and small parts of Jiangmen and Huizhou cities. There are two main dialects spoken by local people in Huizhou: Hakka (客家话/客家話) and a Cantonese dialect which is Huizhouhua (惠州话/惠州話). The two dialects are somewhat interrelated and similar so people can easily understand each other. As more newcomers from the other provinces come to work in Huizhou, Mandarin has become the other popular language in Huizhou.
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Huludao
Huludao (simplified Chinese: 葫芦岛; traditional Chinese: 葫蘆島; pinyin: Húludǎo) is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Liaoning Province, China. It is one of the two principal cities (the other one is Jinzhou) in the Liaoxi Corridor (辽西走廊). Known as Jinxi until 1994, Huludao has a total area of 10,415 square kilometers and a population of 2.87 million, of which some 531,000 live in the city proper. Its name literally means "Gourd Island".
Suizhong County, which lies within the prefecture, is the hometown of China's first astronaut Yang Liwei.
The area now occupied by Huludao city has been settled by mankind since ancient times. Archeological evidence indicates that during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the region enjoyed advanced Bronze Age technology, while urban civilization first developed during the Warring States era. The Ming dynasty saw the construction of the Liaoning section of the Great Wall through Huludao, and it was during this time that the town of Xingcheng was fortified with its defensive wall which still stands today.
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Jiading District
Jiading District (simplified Chinese: 嘉定区; traditional Chinese: 嘉定區; pinyin: Jiādìng Qū) is one of the 18 districts of Shanghai, People's Republic of China. It has a population of 1,471,100 (as of 2010).
Jiading District is located in the northwestern part of Shanghai . It stretches across 463,9 km². It is located about 20 km away from downtown Shanghai. It is connected to downtown by the Hujia expressway, which was the first expressway in Shanghai. The Jiading district is at least 20 minutes drive away from Shanghai International Hongqiao Airport.
Jiading administers several towns including Jiading, Anting, Nanxiang, Huating, Xuhang, Waigang, Huangdu, Malu Town and Jiangqiao.
Shanghai University has a campus in downtown Jiading, which is where SILC is based.
The Shanghai International Circuit is located in Jiading. Each year in April the Shanghai International Circuit holds the Chinese Grand Prix.
The Jiading Confucius Temple. It is one of the best conserved county-level Confucian Temple architectures in China. It has gone through several repairs in the past 800 years
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Jiangmen
Jiangmen (simplified Chinese: 江门; traditional Chinese: 江門; Mandarin Pinyin: Jiāngmén; Jyutping: Gong1 Mun4), is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong province in southern China with a population of about 4.48 million in 2010. The 3 urban districts are now part of Guangzhou - Shenzhen conurbation.
Jiangmen has various historical romanisations including Kong-Moon, Kongmoon, Kongmun or Kiangmoon. The area is alternately referred to as Sze Yup or Ng Yup. The name Jiangmen is often the butt of jokes because its Cantonese pronunciation is identical to the scientific word for anus (肛門). One example which came to national attention in early 2012 was a colon cleansing service provider whose advertisement stated: "We wish the people of Jiangmen to have happy anuses"; Jiangmen residents complained that this slogan was uncivilised and insulting. As a result there have been some proposals to change the name of the city, for example a 2009 proposal to change it to "Qiaodu" ("City of Overseas Chinese").
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Jiaxing
Jiaxing (Chinese: 嘉兴; pinyin: Jiāxīng; Wu Chinese: Gāshīng [kɑɕiŋ]) is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. Lying on the Grand Canal of China, Jiaxing borders Hangzhou to the southwest, Huzhou to the west, Shanghai to the northeast, and the province of Jiangsu to the north.
The prefecture-level city of Jiaxing administers 7 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 3 county-level cities and 2 counties.
These are further divided into 75 township-level divisions, including 60 towns, 2 townships and 13 subdistricts.
Jiaxing is known as the 'home of silk', and hence is a producer of textiles as well, including woollens. It is one of the world's largest exporters of leather goods. There are mechanical, chemical and electronic industries there.
Jiaxing is an important energy base in East China. Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, the first self-designed nuclear power station in China, and Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Plant (under construction) are located in Haiyan County.
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Jinan
Coordinates: 36°40′N 116°59′E / 36.667°N 116.983°E / 36.667; 116.983
Jinan (Chinese: 济南; pinyin: Jǐnán; Mandarin pronunciation: [t͡ɕi˧˩nan˧˥];) is the capital of Shandong province in Eastern China. The area of present-day Jinan has played an important role in the history of the region from the earliest beginnings of civilisation and has evolved into a major national administrative, economic, and transportation hub. The city, which holds sub-provincial administrative status, is located in north-western Shandong about 400 kilometres (250 mi) south of the national capital of Beijing, it borders Liaocheng to the southwest, Dezhou to the northwest, Binzhou to the northeast, Zibo to the east, Laiwu to the southeast, and Tai'an to the south.
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Jinhua
Jinhua (simplified Chinese: 金华; traditional Chinese: 金華; pinyin: Jīnhuá; Wade–Giles: Chin-hua; lit. "Golden brilliance") is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province of Eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast.
Its population was 5,361,600 at the 2010 census including 1,092,852 in the built up area. One can notice that the cities of Dongyang and Yiwu are now in the same agglomeration, a built up area of 1,757,157 inhabitants bigger than the one of Jinhua itself.
Jinhua is rich in red soil and forest resources. The longest river Jinhua River (or Wujiang River) flows through Lanjiang River, Fuchunjiang River and Qiangtang River, and reaches the Grand Canal and other coastal ports.
The city is best known in China for its dry-cured Jinhua ham and Subing.
The history of Jinhua goes back to the 2nd century BC, when it was a county subordinate to Shaoxing. It was given the name Jinhua under the Sui dynasty in 598, and later became the seat of a prefecture. The present city and its walls date to the time of the Mongol emperors in 1352.
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Jinzhou
Jinzhou (simplified Chinese: 锦州; traditional Chinese: 錦州; pinyin: Jǐnzhōu), is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, China. It is a geographically strategic city located in the "Liaoxi Corridor" (辽西走廊), which connects land transportation between North China and Northeast China. Jinzhou is China's northernmost seaport and the coastal economic center of West Liaoning on the north-western shore of the Bohai Sea. The total area under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou is 10,111 km², most of which is rural, encompassing a coastline of 97.7 km.
It is one of the biggest cities in Liaoning with a population of 3,126,463 at the 2010 census whom 880,706 in the built up area made of 3 urban districts.
Jinzhou has eight immediate sub-municipal divisions:
The above eight are subdivided into 43 towns (镇), 69 rural towns (乡), and 1680 villages.
Jinzhou is an ancient city boasting over a thousand years of history. Originally known as Tuhe (徒河), it became part of Yan in the Warring States period. Under the Qin, the majority of what is now Jinzhou became part of Liaodong township. It was part of Changli township in Youzhou during the Han and Three Kingdoms periods, but fell under the jurisdiction of Yingzhou in the Beiwei, Dongwei, and Beiqi periods, before becoming part of Liucheng[disambiguation needed
] township and then Yan township during the Sui and Tang. During the Tang, it was the seat of the Andong township.
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Jiuzhou Port
Coordinates: 22°14′N 113°35′E / 22.233°N 113.583°E / 22.233; 113.583
Jiuzhou Port is a port in the city of Zhuhai, on the west side of the Pearl River estuary in Chinese province of Guangdong. It includes a container terminal and a terminal for high-speed ferries connecting Zhuhai with Shenzhen in mainland China and Hong Kong. It is also developing into a transport hub with regular coach services connecting the port with various cities west of the Pearl River such as Jiangmen and Shunde.
Zhuhai International Container Terminals (Jiuzhou), ZICT(J), located in the city of Zhuhai on the western bank of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in the Guangdong Province, adjacent to Macau and 36 nautical miles (67 km) from Hong Kong, commenced operations in 1993. Providing container and general cargo handling services, ZICT(J) operates five multi-purpose berths.
On 10 July 2007, a new ferry service between Jiuzhou port and Skypier in Hong Kong International Airport began. The new service will have two roundtrip sailings per day and can carry 1,300 passengers. The ferries will depart Jiuzhou at 9.30am and 3.30pm and leave the airport at 11.15am and 5pm everyday. The frequency of the 50-minute service will grow to three roundtrip sailings each day by August and four each day by January 2008.
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Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/; traditional Chinese: 九龍; jyutping: gau2lung4) is an urban area in Hong Kong comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It is bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen and Stonecutter's Island in the west, the mountain range including Tate's Cairn and Lion Rock in the north, and Victoria Harbour in the south. It had a population of 2,019,533 and a population density of 43,033/km2 in 2006. Kowloon is located north of Hong Kong Island and south of the mainland part of the New Territories. The peninsula's area is approximately 47 km2 or 18.1 mi2. Together with Hong Kong Island, it contains 48 percent of Hong Kong's total population.
The systematic transcription Kau Lung or Kau-lung was often used in derived place names before World War II, for example Kau-lung Bay instead of Kowloon Bay. Other spellings include Kauloong, Kawloong
The name Kowloon stems from the nine dragons, a term which refers to eight mountains and a Chinese emperor: Kowloon Peak, Tung Shan, Tate's Cairn, Temple Hill, Unicorn Ridge, Lion Rock, Beacon Hill, Crow's Nest and Emperor Bing (Song Dynasty).
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Langfang
Langfang (Chinese: 廊坊; pinyin: Lángfáng), Hebei province, China, is a prefecture-level city located approximately midway between Beijing and Tianjin with a total population of 3.85 million and an urban area population of 763,700. Its total area is around 6,429 km². Langfang borders Baoding to the southwest, Cangzhou to the south (both prefecture-level cities of Hebei), Beijing to the north and Tianjin to the east. It is the smallest prefecture-level division in Hebei province by land area.
Langfang consists of 2 county-level districts, 2 county-level cities, 5 counties, 1 autonomous county, and one economic development district (开发区).
Development district:
Considering Langfang’s position between these two prominent cities, Langfang is a relatively green city. Every 300 to 500 meters along the city's major streets are parks where local people stroll and take exercise. Langfang's five-kilometer long pedestrian street is now the longest in China.[citation needed]
The Sanhe exclave is a part of Langfang prefecture. The enclave comprises Sanhe City, Xianghe County, and Dachang Hui Autonomous County and is located between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
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Leizhou Peninsula
The Leizhou Peninsula or Leizhou Bandao is a peninsula in the southernmost part of Guangdong province in southern China.
Leizhou Peninsula (simplified Chinese: 雷州半岛; traditional Chinese: 雷州半島) is the third largest peninsula in China with an area of circa 8,500 square kilometer located on the southwestern end of Guangdong, with the Gulf of Tonkin to the west and the 30 km wide Qiongzhou Strait to the south, separating the peninsula from Hainan Island. It is the most southerly point of China on the continent.
Geologically, basalt terraces account for 43% of the peninsula's area. The rest is divided up between marine terraces (27%) and alluvial plains (17%). Leizhou Peninsula is dotted with a few inactive volcanoes, beaches and low-lying diluvial plains.
The peninsula lies in tropical South China. The region is under the influence of continental northeastern monsoons and maritime southeastern and southwestern monsoons. Typhoons occasionally occur, both from the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Annual precipitation is 1400–1700mm.
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Lianyungang
Lianyungang (simplified Chinese: 连云港; traditional Chinese: 連雲港; pinyin: Liányúngǎng) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. It borders Yancheng to its southeast, Huai'an and Suqian to its south, Xuzhou to its southwest, and the province of Shandong to its north. Its name derives from Lian Island (formally Dongxilian Island) the largest island in Jiangsu Province which lies off its coastline, and Yuntai Mountain, the highest peak in Jiangsu Province, a few miles from its town center, and the fact that it is a port.
Lianyungang (as Yuntai Mountain) was known in the West as Haichow (Wade-Giles romanization). This was one of the four original ports opened up for foreign trade in the 1680s by the Qing Dynasty Government. The others were Ningbo, Xiamen and Guangzhou.
Lianyungang is situated between 118°24' and 119°48' east longitude and 34°11' and 35°07' north latitude. Lianyungang covers an area of 7,777 km².
The temperature in Lianyungang can reach average highs of 30°C in the summer and drop to as low as -4°C in the winter. The vast majority of precipitation occurs between June and August, where it can measure up to 278mm of rainfall on average. Winter precipitation is quite low, making snowfall both rare and short-lived.
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Liaoning
Coordinates: 41°06′N 122°18′E / 41.1°N 122.3°E / 41.1; 122.3
Liaoning (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 辽宁; traditional Chinese: 遼寧; pinyin: Liáoníng; Manchu: ᠯᡳᠶᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠩ, Liyoo ning) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" (pinyin: liáo), a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace". The modern province was established in 1907 as Fengtian province (奉天 pinyin: Fèngtiān; Postal map spelling: Fengtien; Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ, Abkai imiyangga) and the name was changed to Liaoning in 1929. Under the Japanese puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name, but the name Liaoning was restored in 1945.
Liaoning is located in the southern part of the Northeast, and is often called "the Golden Triangle" because of its superior geographical location, with the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay) and the Bohai Sea in the south, North Korea in the southeast, Jilin province to the northeast, Hebei province to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest. The Yalu River marks the border between North Korea and the province. It empties into the Korea Bay between Dandong, Liaoning and Sinŭiju, North Korea.
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Lishui, Zhejiang
Lishui (simplified Chinese: 丽水; traditional Chinese: 麗水; pinyin: Líshuǐ) is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. It borders Quzhou, Jinhua and Taizhou to the north, Wenzhou to the southeast, and the province of Fujian to the southwest. The name of the city literally means "Beautiful Water", and the pronunciation of its first character is "lí", not the usual "lì".
Lishui has a very long history, for during the Liangzhu Culture period 4000 years ago, there were tribes living in the area. In 589, a prefecture called Chuzhou was established by the Sui Dynasty with Kuocang, Songyang, Linhai, Yongjia, Angu and Lechen counties under its jurisdiction. Three years later, the prefecature's name was changed to Kuozhou and then to Yongjia County in 607. The name was changed back to Kuozhou in 621 during the Tang Dynasty, to Jinyun County in the first year of the Tianbao era (742) and back to Kuozhou in the first year of Qianyuan Era (758).
In 779, during the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Lishui County. The name of the area was changed again in the year 1276 during the Yuan Dynasty to Chuzhou Lu and to Annan Fu in the 19th year of rule of Zhizheng (1359). The name of the area was maintained as Chuzhou Fu until the Ming and Qing Dynasties when it was changed back to Lishui. In the year 1935, the area was given the official name: Lishui Administrative Supervision District. In 1949, the Lishui Special District was established but then abolished in 1952. Later, it was re-instated in 1963 and the area was renamed as Lishui City. By the year 1997, Longquan, Qingtian, Jinyun, Yunhe, Qingyuan, Suichang, Songyang and Jingning were under the jurisdiction of Lishui, Liandu District serving as the administrative headquarters.
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Luogang
Luogang District (simplified Chinese: 萝岗区; traditional Chinese: 蘿崗區; pinyin: Luógǎng Qū) is a district of Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Lüshunkou District
Lüshunkou (simplified Chinese: 旅顺口; traditional Chinese: 旅順口; pinyin: Lǚshùnkǒu) is a district in the municipality of Dalian, People's Republic of China. Also called Lüshun City or (more literally) Lüshun Port, it was formerly known as both Port Arthur and Ryojun.
Lüshunkou is located at the extreme southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. It has an excellent natural harbour, the possession and control of which became a casus belli of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). Japanese and then Soviet administration would continue until 1953. During the first decade of that period, it was world famous and was more significant than the other port on the peninsula, Dalian proper. In Western diplomatic, news, and historical writings, it was known as Port Arthur, and during the period when the Japanese controlled and administered the Liaodong (formerly Liaotung) Peninsula it was called Ryojun (旅順), the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese characters in the city's name.
Downtown Dalian is some 40 miles farther up the coast, sprawling around the narrowest neck of the Liaodong Peninsula, whereas Lüshun occupies its southern tip. (See Landsat Map below Zoomed – Lushun City surrounds the lake-like structure clearly visible near the peninsular tip—the lake-like feature is the inner natural harbour of the port, a very well-sheltered and fortifiable harbor to 19th century eyes.)
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Macau
Coordinates: 22°10′N 113°33′E / 22.167°N 113.55°E / 22.167; 113.55
Macau (Chinese: 澳門), also spelled Macao ( /məˈkaʊ/), is one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being Hong Kong. Macau lies on the western side of the Pearl River Delta across from Hong-Kong which is to the east, bordering Guangdong province to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east and south.
The territory's economy is heavily dependent on gambling and tourism, but also includes manufacturing.
Macau is a former Portuguese colony, and is both the first and last European colony in China. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 16th century and subsequently administered the region until the handover on 20 December 1999. The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of Macau stipulate that Macau operates with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer. Macau was first lent by the Chinese empire as a trading port in the 16th century, and had to administer the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty. In 1887, Macau became a colony of the Portuguese empire and its sovereignty transferred to the Portuguese.
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Minhang
The Minhang District (simplified Chinese: 闵行区; traditional Chinese: 閔行區, Shanghainese: min2ghaon1 chiu1, Mandarin pinyin: Mǐnháng Qū) of Shanghai has a land area of 371.57 km2 and population of 2,429,000 residents as of 2010.
It is mostly a residential district, though it is also home to some of the many factories and production facilities in Shanghai. Residential housing development is the main source of local government revenue. Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena is located in Ma Qiao Town. The Aerospace Museum is being constructed at Pujiang Town.
Shanghai Jiaotong University and East China Normal University both have campuses in the southern part of Minhang District.
Coordinates: 31°5′N 121°25′E / 31.083°N 121.417°E / 31.083; 121.417
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Nanhai District
Nanhai District (simplified Chinese: 南海区; traditional Chinese: 南海區; Mandarin Pinyin: Nánhǎi Qū; Jyutping: Naam⁴hoi² keoi1), historically known as Namhoi, is a district of Foshan, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China (PRC). Its government is the first to have developed e-government informatization at the county level in the PRC.
Nanhai was a county-level city until December 8, 2002, when it became a district of Foshan prefecture-level city.
Nanhai was designated by the central government as a pilot city for e-government and informatization in 2001.
The town was established in 1271 by two brothers carrying their fathers bones. They were fleeing south from the Mongols on a bamboo raft when a violent storm shipwrecked them. The brothers settled down there and the position of the wreck is commemorated by a shrine. This area was named Broken Raft Point.
In May 2010, 2,000 workers at a Honda transmission plant went on strike in the Nanhai district.The trigger was a rise of the legal local minimum wage from $123 to $147, announced by the city government May 1 in response to rapidly rising costs of living. The workers expected a raise in their monthly wages equal to this amount. Factory management added $24 to the transmission workers’ monthly base wage but reduced their monthly subsidies (for food, housing, and regular attendance) from $48 to $29. The net gain was only $5 per month.
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Nanjing
Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng; Wade–Giles: Nan-ching) is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions. Its present name means "Southern Capital" and was widely romanized as Nankin and Nanking until the Pinyin language reform, after which Nanjing was gradually adopted as the standard spelling of the city's name in most languages that use the Roman alphabet.
Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has long been one of China's most important cities. It is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It was the capital of Sun Quan's Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period and the capital of the Republic of China prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has long been a national center of education, research, transport networks, and tourism. The city will host the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.
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Nanling Mountains
The Nanling (Simplified: 南岭; Traditional: 南嶺; Pinyin: Nánlǐng) are a group of mountain ranges of southern China, running through Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong province, and Hunan province.
The Nanling mountains separate Central China from South China. Areas south of the ranges are tropical in climate, permitting two crops of white rice to be grown each year.
Ion adsorption clays are mined by open-pit methods in the Nanling region, and form a major source of rare earth elements in the world.
Coordinates: 25°10′N 112°20′E / 25.167°N 112.333°E / 25.167; 112.333
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Nansha District
Nansha District (simplified Chinese: 南沙区; traditional Chinese: 南沙區; Mandarin Pinyin: Nánshā Qū; Jyutping: naam4saa1 keoi1) is a district of Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Nantong
Nantong (Chinese: 南通; pinyin: Nántōng; former names: Nan-t'ung, Nantung, Tongzhou, or Tungchow; Qihai dialect: [nie tʰoŋ]) is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. Located on the northern bank of the Yangtze River, near the river mouth, Nantong is a vital river port bordering Yancheng to the north, Taizhou to the west, Suzhou and Shanghai to the south across the river, and the East China Sea to the east. The population is 7,282,835 at the 2010 census whom 1,994,708 live in the built up area made of 3 urban districts.
The prefecture-level city of Nantong administers 8 county-level divisions, including 3 districts and 3 county-level cities and 2 counties.
These are further divided into 146 township-level divisions.
Because the coast of the East China Sea is constantly moving eastward as the Yangtze River adds silt to its delta, the distance between Nantong and the seashore is getting farther than the one in ancient times. From the time of the Han dynasty through to the Tang dynasty, what is now called Nantong was a minor county subordinate to Yangzhou. By 958 AD a city of sufficient importance had developed for a new, independent prefecture called Tongzhou ("Opening Prefecture", possibly from its position near the mouth of the Yangtse) to be created. The increasing wealth of Yangzhou caused Tongzhou to be once again eclipsed as an administrative centre in 1368. When Tongzhou finally regained prefecture status in 1724, it was renamed Nantong ("Southern Tong") to avoid confusion with another Tongzhou, located near Beijing.
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Ningbo
Ningbo (Chinese: 宁波; pinyin: Níngbō (help·info); Ningbo dialect: Nyin-poh/Nyin-pou (help·info)) is a seaport city in the northeast of Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status and separate state-planning status, as of the 2010 census, the municipality has a population of 7,605,700 inhabitants, 3,491,000 of whom reside in the urban area which comprises 6 districts. It lies south of the Hangzhou Bay, facing the East China Sea to the east. Ningbo borders Shaoxing to the west and Taizhou to the south, and is separated from Zhoushan by a narrow body of water.
The first character in the city's name (宁 or 寧) means "serene", while its second character (波) translates to "waves". Together, the name literally means "Serene Waves". The city is abbreviated Yǒng (甬), after the Yong Hill (甬山), a prominent coastal hill near the city, like the Yong River (甬江) that flows through Ningbo. The abbreviation Ning is used more commonly for Nanjing.
It was once named "明州" (Míngzhōu). The character Ming (明) was composed by two parts, representing two lakes inside the city wall, i.e., the Sun Lake (日湖) and the Moon Lake (月湖), but only Moon Lake remains.
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Northern Guangdong
Northern Guangdong, commonly referred to as Yuebei (Chinese: 粤北; pinyin: Yuèběi), is a region of northern Guangdong province, in southern China. It is a region encompassing mountainous and hilly terrain, and includes the region of Guangdong north of the Tropic of Cancer.
Coordinates: 24°41′31″N 112°50′46″E / 24.691943°N 112.846069°E / 24.691943; 112.846069
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Panyu District
Panyu District or Pun Yue District (simplified Chinese: 番禺区; traditional Chinese: 番禺區; Mandarin Pinyin: Pānyú Qū;; Jyutping: Pun1jyu4 keoi1) is a district of Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. It used to be a county-level city before it was incorporated in the administration of Guangzhou. The name of Panyu dates back to the completion of the conquest of Guangdong by Qin Shi Huang. It was the old name of present-day Guangzhou. It covers an area of about 661.88 square kilometres (255.55 sq mi).
Panyu lies at the heart of the Pearl River Delta (珠江三角洲), its boundary straddles from latitudes 22.26' to 23.05', and sprawls from longitudes 113.14' to 113.42'. Facing the Lion Sea in the east and the estuary of the Pearl River in the south, its eastern border is separated from the Dongguan by a strip of water, and the western border of Panyu is adjacent to the cities of Nanhai, Shunde and Zhongshan, while it abuts the downtown of Guangzhou in the north. The site of the People's government of Panyu is Shiqiao which is 17 kilometres (11 mi) from downtown Guangzhou and 38 and 42 nautical miles (78 km) from the cities of Hong Kong and Macao respectively.
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Peak Tram
The Peak Tramway (Chinese: 山頂纜車) is a funicular railway in Hong Kong, which carries both tourists and residents to the upper levels of Hong Kong Island. Running from Central district to Victoria Peak via the Mid-Levels, it provides the most direct route and offers good views over the harbour and skyscrapers of Hong Kong.
The Peak Tram is owned and operated by the Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels Group (HSH), the owner of Hong Kong's famous Peninsula Hotel along with many other properties. The line, along with HSH's Peak Tower leisure complex at the line's summit, is promoted using the brand The Peak.
The Peak Tram's route from Central district to Victoria Peak covers a distance of about 1.4 kilometres and a height difference of just under 400 metres. The line has two pronounced curves, one to the left immediately after leaving the lower terminus, and the other to the right in the upper half of the ascent. The gradient also varies considerably throughout the ascent. It is a single track route and a passing loop, with two trams.
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Pearl River (China)
The Pearl River (Chinese: 珠江; pinyin: Zhū Jiāng, literally "Pearl River", pronounced [ʈʂú tɕjɑ́ŋ]) or less commonly, the "Guangdong River" or "Canton River" etc., (Chinese: 粤江), is an extensive river system in southern China. The name Pearl River is usually used as a catchment term to refer to the watersheds of the Xi Jiang ("West River"), the Bei Jiang ("North River"), and the Dong Jiang ("East River"). These rivers are all considered tributaries of the Pearl River because they share a common delta, the Pearl River Delta. Measured from the farthest reaches of the Xi Jiang, the Pearl River system is China's third longest river (2,400 km, after the Yangtze River and the Yellow River), and second largest by volume (after the Yangtze). The 409,480 km² Pearl River Basin (珠江流域) drains the majority of South Central (Guangdong and Guangxi provinces), as well as parts of Southwest (Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces) in China, and Northeast of Vietnam (Cao Bằng and Lạng Sơn).
As well as referring to the system as a whole, the Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) name is also applied to a specific branch within the system. This Pearl River is the widest distributary within the delta, although considerably short. The waters that converge east of the Bei Jiang are first referred to as the Pearl River just north of Guangzhou. The Pearl River is famed as the river that flows through Guangzhou. The Pearl River's estuary, Bocca Tigris, is regularly dredged so as to keep it open for ocean vessels. The mouth of the Pearl River forms a large bay in the southeast of the delta, the Zhujiang Kou. This bay separates Macau and Zhuhai from Hong Kong and Shenzhen.
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Pearl River Delta
The Pearl River Delta (PRD), Zhujiang Delta or Zhusanjiao in Guangdong province, People's Republic of China is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. It is one of the most densely urbanised regions in the world and one of the main hubs of China's economic growth.
Since economic liberalisation was adopted by the Chinese government in the late 1970s, the delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world. The Chinese government hopes that the manufacturing in Guangdong, combined with the financial and service economy and traditional capitalistic influence in Hong Kong, will create an economic gateway attracting foreign capital throughout mainland China.
The river delta, also known as the Golden Delta of Guangdong, is formed by three major rivers, the Xi Jiang, Bei Jiang, and Dong Jiang. The flat lands of the delta are criss-crossed by a network of tributaries and distributaries of the Pearl River. The Pearl River Delta is actually two alluvial deltas, separated by the core branch of the Pearl River. The Bei Jiang and Xi Jiang converge to flow into the South China Sea and Pearl River in the west, while the Dong Jiang only flows into the Pearl River proper in the east.
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Port of Guangzhou
Port of Guangzhou is the main seaport of Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China. The port is operated by Guangzhou Port Group Co. Ltd which is a state owned company. The company was established on February 26, 2004 from the former Guangzhou Harbor Bureau. It was approved by the Guangzhou Municipal Government. It is currently the largest comprehensive port in South China. Its international maritime trade reaches over 300 ports in more than 80 countries and districts worldwide. The port also incorporates the former Huangpu Port.
The port also serves as the important economic and transport center for the Pearl River Delta region and Guangdong province. It is also vital transport hub for industries located in neighboring provinces such as Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi.
Guangzhou was a important port during the ancient times as far back as the Qin Dynasty. It served as a trading port as the "Silk Road on the Sea". The port became one of China's busiest ports during the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty.
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Port of Hong Kong
The Port of Hong Kong, located by the South China Sea, is a deepwater seaport dominated by trade in containerised manufactured products, and to a lesser extent raw materials and passengers. A key factor in the economic development of Hong Kong, the natural shelter and deep waters of Victoria Harbour provide ideal conditions for berthing and handling all types of vessels. It is one of the busiest ports in the world, in the three categories of shipping movements, cargo handled and passengers carried.
Responsibility for administering the port is vested in the Director of Marine. The Port Operations Committee advises him on all matters affecting the efficient operations of the port, except those matters that are the responsibility of the Pilotage Advisory Committee and the Provisional Local Vessels Advisory Committee. The Hong Kong Port Development Council advises the Government on matters related to port planning and development and promoting Hong Kong as a regional hub port and a leading container port in the world. Meanwhile, the Hong Kong Maritime Industry Council advises the Government on measures to further develop Hong Kong’s maritime industry and to promote Hong Kong’s position as an international maritime centre. Both councils are chaired by the Secretary for Transport and Housing. The Marine Department is responsible for ensuring that conditions exist to enable ships to enter the port, work their cargoes and leave as quickly and as safely as possible. It is concerned with many aspects of safety standards for all classes and types of vessels, from the largest oil-carrying tankers to the smallest passenger-carrying sampans. It also maintains aids to navigation and mooring buoys for sea-going ships, manages three cross-boundary ferry terminals and administers eight public cargo-working areas.
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Port of Shenzhen
The Port of Shenzhen is one of the busiest and fastest growing ports in southern mainland China. It is located in the southern region of the Pearl River Delta in China's Guangdong province. It is the economic hinterland for Hong Kong trade with the Mainland and also one of the most important port in terms of China's international trade.
The port is home to 39 shipping companies who have launched 131 international container routes. There are 560 ships on call at Shenzhen port on a monthly basis and also 21 feeder routes to other ports in the Pearl River Delta region.
The Port of Shenzhen is spread along Shenzhen city’s 260 km coastline. It is separated by the Kowloon Peninsula into two areas: the eastern port and the western port.
Shenzhen port's western port is located to the east of Lingdingyang in the Pearl River Estuary and consist of a deep water harbor with safe natural shelters. It is about 37.04 km from Hong Kong to the south and 111.12 km from Guangzhou to the north. As a result, the western port area is connected to the pearl river region which includes cities and counties along the river. The western port is also linked to On See dun waterway which allows trade to reach all the way to other ports.
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Portugal
Portugali/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.
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Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire (Portuguese: Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas Empire (Ultramar Português) or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Império Colonial Português), was the first global empire in history. In addition, it was the longest-lived of the modern European colonial empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999 or the grant of sovereignty to East Timor in 2002. The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories that are now part of 53 different sovereign states.
Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of Africa in 1419, using recent developments in navigation, cartography and maritime technology such as the caravel, in order that they might find a sea route to the source of the lucrative spice trade. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama reached India. In 1500, either by an accidental landfall or by the crown's secret design, Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil on the South American coast. Over the following decades, Portuguese sailors continued to explore the coasts and islands of East Asia, establishing forts and factories as they went. By 1571, a string of outposts connected Lisbon to Nagasaki along the coasts of Africa, the Middle East, India, and Asia. This commercial network brought great wealth to Portugal.
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Pudong
Pudong (Chinese: 浦东; pinyin: Pǔdōng, lit "Huangpu East Bank") is an area of Shanghai, China, located along the east side of the Huangpu River, across from the historic city center of Shanghai in Puxi. Formerly a little-developed agricultural area linked only by ferries, Pudong has grown rapidly since the 1990s and emerged as China's financial and commercial hub. It is principally administered as the Pudong New Area, a district of Shanghai.
Pudong is home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone and the Shanghai Stock Exchange and many of Shanghai's best-known buildings, such as the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Building, the Shanghai World Financial Center. It is also the site of the future Shanghai Tower. These modern skyscrapers face directly across from Puxi's historic Bund, the remnant of Shanghai's former concessions.
Pudong refers to the land in the east of Huangpu River. Originally, the area was mainly farmland and countryside with some warehouses and wharfs near the shore. The parts closest to Puxi were administered by its districts, including Huangpu, Yangpu, and the former Nanshi District. The rest of the area was administered by Chuansha County.
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Qingdao
Qingdao (help·info) (Chinese: 青岛; pinyin: Qīngdǎo; Mandarin pronunciation: [tɕʰíŋtɑ̀ʊ̯]; German: Tsingtau) also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million (2010 census) in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.
It borders Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest. The character 青 (qīng) in Chinese means "green" or "lush", while the character 岛 (dǎo) means "island". Qingdao is administered at the sub-provincial level.
Lying across the Shandong Peninsula while looking out to the Yellow Sea, Qingdao is a major seaport, naval base, and industrial centre. It is also the site of the Tsingtao Brewery. The world's longest sea bridge, the Qingdao Haiwan Bridge, links the main urban area of Qingdao with Huangdao district, straddling the Jiaozhou Bay sea areas. In 2009, Qingdao was named China's most livable city.
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Quzhou
Quzhou (Chinese: 衢州; pinyin: Qúzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Zhejiang province, China. Sitting on the upper course of the Qiantang River, it borders Hangzhou to the north, Jinhua to the east, Lishui to the southeast, and the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Anhui to the south, southwest and northwest respectively.
The prefecture-level city of Quzhou administers 2 districts, 1 county-level city, and 3 counties.
The centre of Quzhou sits on a broad agricultural plain based on the Qiantang River. The river is known locally as the Qu River (衢江). It flows roughly southwest for 81.5 km and is flanked on both sides by hills. Almost all the rivers of Quzhou feed into the Qiantang system, which ultimately empties into Hangzhou Bay.
The terrain is higher in the west and the east. The territory of Quzhou Municipality is made up of plains (15%), hills (36%), and mountains (49%). In the north is the Qianli Gang (千里岗) mountain range and in the west the Yu Mountains (玉山脉). The highest mountains, the Xianxia Ling (仙霞岭) mountain range, lie in the south. The highest point in the city is at Dalong Gang (大龙岗), which rises to 1,500 m above sea level. It is the birth place of Wensi Sheng.
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Seven Star Crags
The Seven Star Crags (Chinese: 七星岩; pinyin: Qīxīng Yán) are located at the edge of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. They adjoin the Star Lake and form one of the most scenic locations in the province.
The limestone crags are naturally arranged in the same formation as the seven stars of the Big Dipper constellation. Legend has it that the pillars of limestone grew from stars that fell from the skies. There are a number of caves in this 8 square kilometres (3.1 sq mi) area and some contain underground rivers that are large enough to navigate by boat. The Star Lake has been designated a national park.
Numerous sculptures of Buddhism and Taoism idols are located around the Star Lake. There is also a reserve for migratory birds within reach by boat ride.
Coordinates: 23°04′21″N 112°28′05″E / 23.0725°N 112.46806°E / 23.0725; 112.46806
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Shandong
Coordinates: 36°24′N 118°24′E / 36.4°N 118.4°E / 36.4; 118.4
Shandong (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 山东; traditional Chinese: 山東; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade–Giles: Shan1-tung1) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the East China region. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese Buddhism, and Confucianism. Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and one of the world's sites with the longest history of continuous religious worship. The Buddhist temples in the mountains to the south of the provincial capital of Jinan were once among the foremost Buddhist sites in China. The city of Qufu is the birthplace of Confucius, and was later established as the center of Confucianism. Shandong's location at the intersection of ancient as well as modern north-south and east-west trading routes have helped to establish it as an economic center. After a period of political instability and economic hardship that began in the late 19th century, Shandong has emerged as one of the most populous (95,793,065 inhabitants at the 2010 Census) and most affluent provinces in the People's Republic of China (GDP of 3.94 trillion CNY in 2010).
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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Shaoxing
Shaoxing (Chinese: 绍兴; pinyin: Shàoxīng; Shaoxing dialect: Zaushin) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. Located on the south bank of the Qiantang River estuary, it borders Ningbo to the east, Taizhou to the southeast, Jinhua to the southwest, and Hangzhou to the west. It was once known as "越" (pinyin: yuè). Shaoxing central districts of Yuecheng and Shaoxing are now part of Hangzhou built up area which is home for more than 7 million inhabitants.
The city was first named Shaoxing in 1131 during the Southern Song dynasty. The name comes from the Shaoxing reign period of Emperor Gaozong of Song, and is a poetic term meaning "continuing prosperity".
Modern-day Shaoxing sits on the site of the capital of the Spring and Autumn Period State of Yue. Around the sixth century BC, Yue had a sinicised ruling elite which fought a number of wars against its northern archrival, the State of Wu.
Shaoxing was known by the name Kuaiji (Chinese: 會稽) for much of its history. It became a subprefecture during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Under the Republic of China, it became a county. Under the People's Republic of China it is a city administrative unit.
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Shenzhen
Shenzhen (Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂə́ntʂə̂n]) is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones (SEZs). It currently also holds sub-provincial administrative status, with powers slightly less than a province.
Shenzhen's modern cityscape is the result of the vibrant economy made possible by rapid foreign investment since the institution of the policy of "reform and opening" establishment of the SEZ in the late 1979, before which it was only a small village. Both Chinese and foreign nationals have invested enormous amount of money in the Shenzhen SEZ. More than US$30 billion in foreign investment has gone into both foreign-owned and joint ventures, at first mainly in manufacturing but more recently in the service industries as well. Shenzhen is now reputedly considered as one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.
Being southern mainland China's major financial centre, Shenzhen is home to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous high-tech companies. Shenzhen is also the third-busiest container port in China, after Shanghai and Hong Kong.
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Shenzhen University
Shenzhen University (SZU, Chinese: 深圳大学) is a public university established in 1983 located in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It is accredited by the State Council of the People's Republic of China and is funded by the Shenzhen government. The university took its first enrollment the same year at what Deng Xiaoping called "Shenzhen Speed".
Shenzhen University is situated on the coastline of Shenzhen Bay in South China. The total area of the campus is 1.44 square kilometers. It has its own lake which is named Wenshan Lake (文山湖), spreads across rolling hills covered with trees, an abundance of green space and sculptures.
The establishment of Shenzhen University as a full time comprehensive university highlighted China's Ministry of Education (MOE) ambition to further develop the critical infrastructure in the Special Economic Zone. Therefore it appointed Professor Zhang Wei, the former vice-president of Tsinghua University, and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, as the first president of the university to spearhead its development.
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Shijiazhuang
Shijiazhuang (Chinese: 石家庄; pinyin: Shíjiāzhuāng) is the capital and largest city of North China's Hebei province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about 280 kilometres (170 mi) south of Beijing. Shijiazhuang Prefecture contains the 5 districts of Shijiazhuang urban area, the Jingxing Mining District, five county-level cities, and twelve counties.
At the 2010 census, it has a total population of 10,163,788, with 2,604,930 in the urban area in 2010 and 3,833,606 in its built up area (metro) made of 5 urban districts plus Luquan city, Zhengding and Luancheng counties. Gaocheng county is about to be part of Shijiazhuang built up area while its urbanisation is still growing.
Shijiazhuang is a newly industrialised city. It experienced dramatic growth after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The population of the metropolitan area has more than quadrupled in only 30 years. It is a central hub of transportation routes. The city is home to a large garrison of military troops ready to protect Beijing if required. It has a number of PLA colleges and universities.
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Sihui, Guangdong
Sihui (simplified Chinese: 四会; traditional Chinese: 四會; pinyin: Sìhuì; Cantonese: Sei³wui⁶), historically known as Szewui, is a county-level city of west-central Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, under the jurisdiction of Zhaoqing City. Population: 80,000.
Zhaoqing High Technology Industrial Development Zone (肇庆高新区,肇庆国家高新技术产业开发区) is geographically within Sihui District.
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South China Mall
New South China Mall (Chinese: 新华南MALL; pinyin: Xinhuánán MALL) in Dongguan, China is the largest mall in the world based on gross leasable area, and ranked second in total area to the Dubai Mall. However, it is largely vacant. Unlike other "dead malls", which have been characterized by the departure of tenants, the New South China Mall has been 99% vacant since its 2005 opening as very few merchants have ever signed up.
Dongguan, with a population in excess of 10 million, is located in southern China's Guangdong province, east of the province's largest city, Guangzhou. The mall was built on land formerly used for farming, in the Wanjiang District of the city. The project was spearheaded by Hu Guirong (Alex Hu), who became a billionaire in the instant noodle industry.
The mall contains sufficient space for as many as 2,350 stores in approximately 659,612 square metres (7,100,000 sq ft) of leasable space and 892,000 square metres (9,600,000 sq ft) of total area.
The mall has seven zones modeled on international cities, nations and regions, including Amsterdam, Paris, Rome, Venice, Egypt, the Caribbean, and California. Features include an 25 metres (82 ft) replica of the Arc de Triomphe, a replica of Venice's St Mark's bell tower, a 2.1 kilometres (1.3 mi) canal with gondolas, and a 553-meter indoor-outdoor roller coaster.
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South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around 3,500,000 square kilometres (1,400,000 sq mi). The area's importance largely results from one-third of the world's shipping transiting through its waters, and that it is believed to hold huge oil and gas reserves beneath its seabed.
It is located
The minute South China Sea Islands, collectively an archipelago, number in the hundreds. The sea and its mostly uninhabited islands are subject to competing claims of sovereignty by several countries. These claims are also reflected in the variety of names used for the islands and the sea.
South China Sea is the dominant term used in English for the sea, and the name in most European languages is equivalent, but it is sometimes called by different names in neighboring countries, often reflecting historical claims to hegemony over the sea.
The English name is a result of early European interest in the sea as a route from Europe and South Asia to the trading opportunities of China. In the sixteenth century Portuguese sailors called it the China Sea (Mar da China); later needs to differentiate it from nearby bodies of water led to calling it the South China Sea. The International Hydrographic Organization refers to the sea as "South China Sea (Nan Hai)".
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Suzhou
Suzhou (Chinese: 苏州; pinyin: Sūzhōu; Suzhou dialect: [səu tsøʏ]), previously transliterated as Su-chou, Suchow, and Soochow, is a major city located in the southeast of Jiangsu Province in Eastern China, located adjacent to Shanghai Municipality. The city is situated on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Taihu Lake and is a part of the Yangtze River Delta region. Administratively, Suzhou is a prefecture-level city with an urban population of over 4 million expanding to over 10 million in the administrative area.
Originally founded in 514 BCE, Suzhou has over 2,500 years of rich history, and relics of the past are abundant to this day. The city's canals, stone bridges, pagodas, and meticulously designed gardens have contributed to its status as one of the top tourist attractions in China. Since the Song Dynasty (960-1279), it has also been an important centre for China's silk industry. The classical gardens in Suzhou were added to the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1997 and 2000. Suzhou is often dubbed the "Venice of the East" or "Venice of China".
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Taizhou, Jiangsu
Taizhou (Chinese: 泰州; pinyin: Tàizhōu) is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu province of eastern China. Situated on the north bank of the Yangtze River, it borders Nantong to the east, Yancheng to the north and Yangzhou to the west.
The 2010 census counted its population at 4,618,558 of whom 571,516 live in the urbanized areas in two urban districts, (Hailing and Gaogang). Two county-level cities have urbanized areas with more than 1 million inhabitants, Xinghua with 1,428,790 inhabitants and Taixing with 1,179,904 inhabitants. These are two of the most important county-level cities in China. Taizhou is the hometown of the current CPC General Secretary and Chinese President Hu Jintao.
The prefecture-level city of Taizhou administers 6 county-level divisions, including 2 districts and 4 county-level cities.
These are further divided into 105 township-level divisions, including 91 towns, 8 townships and 6 subdistricts.
Taizhou lies at the confluence of the Yangtze River and the Jinghang Canal (Grand Canal of China), in the mid south of Jiangsu Province, the north bank of lower reaches of the Yangtze river, the south end of Jianghuai Plain. Its latitude ranges from about 32° 02′ —— 33°11′ N, and longitude 119° 38′ —— 120° 32′ E, with a total area of 5,793 square kilometres (2,237 sq mi).
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Tangshan
"唐山"redirects here. For an alternative name of China, see Names of China#Tang
Tangshan (Chinese: 唐山; pinyin: Tángshān shì) is a largely industrial prefecture-level city in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It has become known for the 1976 Tangshan earthquake which measured 7.8 on the Richter scale and killed at least 255,000 residents. The city has since been rebuilt and has become a tourist attraction.
Tangshan's prefecture population was 7,577,284 at the 2010 census, with over 3 million in the 6 core districts.
Tangshan is named after Dacheng Mountain (which is also named Mountain Tang[Tangshan in Chinese]) in the middle of Tangshan city.
In 645 A.D., Li Shimin-emperor of Tang Dynasty and his army stationed at Dacheng Mountain on his way back from Korean Peninsula. Unfortunately, Caofei-his beloved concubine died here. In order to commemorate his Caofei, he named the mountain with the name of the state—Tang. Later, the name of the mountain became the name of the city.
Tangshan is a place with a long history, where there were ancient humans living as early as 4 million years ago. Tangshan was in the territory of Guzhu Kingdom (1600 B.C.) in the time of the Shang Dynasty; and then became a part of Yan Kingdom (one of the seven Warring States, 403 B.C--221 B.C.), and in the Han Dynasty was included to Youzhou . It was under the jurisdiction of Yongping Province and Zunhua State successively in the Qing Dynasty.
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Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
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Weihai
Weihai (Chinese: 威海; pinyin: Wēihǎi) is a city in eastern Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. It is the easternmost prefecture-level city of the province and a major seaport. Between 1898 and 1930, the town was a British colony known as Weihaiwei or the Weihai Garrison (traditional Chinese: 威海衛; simplified Chinese: 威海卫; pinyin: Wēihǎi Wèi), and sometimes as Port Edward. Weihai was not developed in the way that Hong Kong, the other British colony in the region, was developed, because Shandong Province of which Weihaiwei was part of, was inside Germany's sphere of influence and had only been obtained as a counterbalance to the Russian presence at Port Arthur 130 kilometres across the sea in Manchuria. It was largely used as a naval station and a sanatorium. Weihai borders Yantai to the west and the Yellow Sea to the east.
Its population is 2,804,800 at the 2010 census. 591,982 live in the built up area (Huancui urban district). One can notice that Rongcheng, a county level city, has a built up area with 1,006,795 inhabitants.
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Wenzhou
Wenzhou (simplified Chinese: 温州; traditional Chinese: 溫州; pinyin: Wēnzhōu; formerly Yongjia, Yung-chia) is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2010 census, about 3,039,500 live in the Wenzhou city proper; the area under its jurisdiction, which includes two satellite cities and six counties, had a population of 9,122,100. The prefectural area borders Lishui to the west, Taizhou to the north, and looks out to the East China Sea on its eastern coast.
Wenzhou was a prosperous foreign treaty port, which remains well-preserved today. It is situated in a mountainous region and, as a result, has been isolated for most of its history from the rest of the country, making the local culture and language very distinct not only from the rest of China but from neighbouring areas as well. It is also known for its emigrants who leave their native land for Europe and the United States, with a reputation for being entrepreneurs who start restaurants, retail and wholesale businesses in their adopted countries. People of Wenzhou origin make up a large number of ethnic Chinese residents of Italy, the Netherlands, France, and Africa.
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Wuxi
Wuxi (simplified Chinese: 无锡; traditional Chinese: 無錫; pinyin: Wúxī; former spellings: Wu-shi, Wushi, or Wu-hsi; lit. "Without Tin"; Shanghai dialect: [ɦuɕiɪʔ]) is an old city in Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. Split in half by Lake Tai, Wuxi borders Changzhou to the west and Suzhou to the east. The northern half looks across to Taizhou across the Yangtze River, while the southern half also borders the province of Zhejiang to the south. Wuxi earned its nickname "Pearl of Lake Tai" because it's built on the shore of Lake Tai in a scenic setting.[citation needed] Wuxi was also dubbed "little Shanghai" because of its close proximity to the city, rapid urbanization and booming economy.[citation needed] Wuxi also has a history of business people involved in modern Shanghai commerce since the early 20th century.
Although Wuxi means "No tin", scholars suggest the city name may come from "Wuxu" (吳墟), meaning ruins of the State of Wu, or a Baiyue word which may mean "god bird".
Wuxi was founded 3,000 years ago by two fugitive princes, Taibo and Zhongyong, of the Zhou from Central China, who intended to give their brother Jili (季歷) the throne. The two princes settled down in Meili (梅里), which is believed to be today's Meicun, Wuxi. (some historic records indicate a location somewhere in today's Suzhou). They helped developing local agriculture and waterways. The area soon flourished. After the death of Taibo, who had no heir, the emperor of Zhou enthroned a descendant of his family king of the State of Wu. The king named his kingdom "Gowu". Taibo's shrine was set up in today's Meicun and the original wood structure was destroyed during the wars over the course of history. However, it has been renovated several times and today's architecture dates mostly to the Qing dynasty. A stone carved with sayings by Confucius can still be seen in Taibo Shrine.
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Xinhui
Xinhui (traditional Chinese: 新會; simplified Chinese: 新会; pinyin: xīnhuì; Cantonese Yale: sàn wúi) also known as 'Kuixiang'(traditional Chinese: 葵鄉; simplified Chinese: 葵乡; pinyin: kuíxiāng is a City district in the City of Jiangmen in the province of Guangdong in southern China. Xinhui has a population of about 735,500, 98% of which are Han Chinese. It is located on the confluence of the Tan and Xi River. The local dialect is a variant of Yue Chinese. Xinhui's most famous produce is its Chenpi, made from the peel of citrus fruits. Xinhui is the ancestral home of Liang Qichao, and Andy Lau.
Xinhui is administered by Jiangmen. In turn, Xinhui has jurisdiction over 10 towns, 239 village commissions, 25 community residents' committees and 4 agencies. Xinhui administrated Jiangmen Town before being placed under Jiangmen rule.
During the Neolithic period the area where Xinhui is situated was a bay at the mouth of the Pearl River; silt deposited by the Xi and Tan rivers resulted in it gradually becoming land. This is when humans settled in the area. In the last ten years, evidence of neolithic settlement such as communal shell mounds, and ceramic and pottery fragments have been discovered.
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Yangtze River Delta
The Yangtze River Delta, Yangtze Delta or YRD, also called Yangzi Jiang Delta, Chang Jiang Delta, River Chang Delta, Tai Lake Region or the Golden Triangle of the Yangtze, generally comprises the triangular-shaped territory of Wu-speaking Shanghai, southern Jiangsu province and northern Zhejiang province of China. The area lies at the heart of the region traditionally called Jiangnan (literally, "south of the Yangtze River"). The Yangtze River drains into the East China Sea. The urban build-up in the area has given rise what may be the largest concentration of adjacent metropolitan areas in the world. It covers an area of 99600 km2 and is home to over 105 million people as of 2010, of which an estimated 80 million is urban.
Since the fourth century, when the national capital was moved to Jiankang (today's Nanjing) at the start of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 317–420), the Yangtze River Delta has been a major cultural, economic, and political centre of China. Hangzhou served as China's capital during the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1127–1279), and Nanjing was the early capital of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368–1644) before the Yongle Emperor moved the capital to Beijing in 1421.
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Yangzhou
Yangzhou (simplified Chinese: 扬州; traditional Chinese: 揚州; pinyin: Yángzhōu; former spellings: Yang-chou, Yangchow, Yang-chow; literally "Rising Prefecture") is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yangtze River, it borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the southwest, Huai'an to the north, Yancheng to the northeast, Taizhou to the east, and Zhenjiang across the river to the south. Historically it is one of the wealthiest of China's cities, known at various periods for its great merchant families, poets, painters, and scholars.
Its population is 4,414,681 at the 2010 census and its built up area is home to 2,146,980 inhabitants including three urban districts plus currently in the agglomeration.
The prefecture-level city of Yangzhou administers seven county-level divisions. There are three districts, two county-level cities and one county:
These are further divided into 98 township-level divisions, including 87 towns and townships, and 11 subdistricts.
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Yantai
Yantai (Chinese: 烟台; pinyin: Yāntái) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Located on the southern coast of the Bohai Sea and the eastern coast of the Laizhou Bay, Yantai borders the cities of Qingdao and Weihai to the southwest and east respectively.
The largest fishing seaport in Shandong and a robust economic center today, Yantai used to be known to the West as Chefoo, a misnomer which refers, in Chinese, solely to Zhifu Island, which is historically governed by Yantai.
The contemporary name of Yantai came from the watchtowers constructed on Mount Qi in 1398, during the reign of the Hongwu Emperor, founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty (yan—smoke; tai—tower). The towers served to raise alarms against invasions of Japanese pirates.
The prefecture-level city of Yantai administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 7 county-level cities, 1 county and one development zone.
These are further divided into 148 township-level divisions, including 94 towns, 6 townships and 48 subdistricts.
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Yingkou
Yingkou (simplified Chinese: 营口; traditional Chinese: 營口; pinyin: Yíngkǒu) is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, in northeastern China. It is a port city of the Bohai Sea. The Liao river (Liao He) goes to the sea at Yingkou.
The city has a total area of 4,970 square kilometers, and a population of 2,428,534 at the 2010 census whom 1,340,993 in the built up area made of 3 urban districts (Zhanqian, Xishi and Laobian) and Dashiqiao city now linked to the urban core.
Yingkou was formerly known as Newchwang (Chinese: 牛庄; pinyin: Niúzhuāng; Manchu: Ishangga gašan hoton) - one of the Treaty Ports opened under the Treaties of Tianjin of 1858. In fact the town of Newchwang was about thirty miles upstream of Liao He. After the treaty had been signed, the British found that the river near Newchwang was too shallow for their ships. Instead, the treaty port was moved to the area nearer to the river mouth where today's Yingkou is located.
Yingkou prefecture is subdivided into 4 districts and 2 cities:
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Zhangjiakou
Zhangjiakou, also known also by several other names, is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Hebei province of North China, adjacent to Beijing to the southeast. Its administrative area has a population of 4.35 million, and covers 36,947 square kilometres (14,265 sq mi). The urban area of Zhangjiakou is divided into Qiaoxi and Qiaodong Districts which have 473,193 inhabitants in 2010, but the prefecture-level city is much larger, spanning around 36,800 square kilometres (14,200 sq mi).
Zhangjiakou is written 张家口 in simplified Chinese and 張家口 in traditional Chinese. It is Zhāngjiākǒu in pinyin and the name means "Zhang family gate." Older names for the town in Chinese include Zhāngyuán (張垣), used in the Republican era, and Zhāngjiābǎo (張家堡).
Zhangjiakou was historically known to the Europeans as Kalgan until the mid 20th century. This name derives from the Mongolian name of the city,
, "Chuulalt haalga" or shorter, 
, "haalgan" which means "the gate" (in the Great Wall). In Manchu, the city is known as 
(Imiyangga jase).
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Zhaoqing
Zhaoqing (simplified Chinese: 肇庆; traditional Chinese: 肇慶; pinyin: Zhàoqìng) is a prefecture-level city of Guangdong province in Southern China and is considered part of the Pearl River Delta region.
Zhaoqing is well known for being a regional tourist hub, a medium sized provincial "college town" as well as an up and coming manufacturing center. Residents from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Macau and other nearby cities are known to visit the city on weekend getaways and excursions.
The main central city, excluding Seven Star Crags, is fairly flat, but thickly forested mountains lie just outside the city limits. Numerous rice paddies and aquaculture ponds are found on the outskirts of the city. The estimated population of the city proper as of 2008 was 400,000 people.
The date of Zhaoqing's founding is uncertain, but it existed as early as the Qin (221–206 BC) and Han (206 BC – 220 CE) Dynasties, when it was known as Gaoyao (高要). In the Sui Dynasty (581–618), Zhaoqing became known as Duanzhou (端州) and served as an important administrative region and military base.
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Zhejiang
Coordinates: 29°12′N 120°30′E / 29.2°N 120.5°E / 29.2; 120.5
Zhejiang (Chinese: 浙江; pinyin: Zhèjiāng; Wade–Giles: Che-chiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang (crooked river) was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital. The name of the province is often abbreviated to its first character, "浙".
Zhejiang borders Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.
The area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the Shang Dynasty (sixteenth century to eleventh century BC). Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Yue, such as the Dongyue and the Ouyue. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Yue emerged in northern Zhejiang. The Yue state was heavily influenced by the Chinese civilization further north. Under King Goujian of Yue, Yue reached its zenith and was able to wipe out the powerful state of Wu to its immediate north, in 473 BC. Then, in 333 BC, Yue was in turn conquered by the state of Chu, which was to the west. In 221 BC, the state of Qin completed the conquest of the last of the formerly independent states of China, including the state of Chu. This conquest made what is now Zhejiang part of a unified Chinese empire.
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Zhenjiang
Zhenjiang (simplified Chinese: 镇江; traditional Chinese: 鎮江; pinyin: Zhènjiāng; Wade–Giles: Chen-chiang) is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Jiangsu province in the eastern People's Republic of China (PRC). Sitting on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, it borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the west, Changzhou to the east, and Yangzhou across the river to the north.
Once known as Jingjiang (京江, Wade-Giles Chingkiang) or Jingkou (京口 Wade-Giles Chingk'ou), Zhenjiang is today an important transportation hub owing to its location near the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal.
The prefecture-level city of Zhenjiang administers 6 county-level divisions, including 3 districts and 3 county-level cities.
These are further divided into 77 township-level divisions, including 66 towns, 1 township and 10 subdistricts.
Zhenjiang Export Processing Zone was approved by the State Council on March 10, 2003 with a total planned area of 2.53 square kilometers. The first-phrase project completed in December 2003 covers 0.91 square kilometers and was certified by the Customs General Administration and other seven ministries for operation on Dec.24, 2003. Zhenjiang Export Processing Zone is located close to Changzhou Airport and Zhenjiang Port.
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Zhongshan
Zhongshan (Chinese: 中山; pinyin: Zhōngshān; Cantonese: Zung¹saan¹), also spelled Chungshan and historically known as Xiangshan or Siangshan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province in southern China. Zhongshan, one of the few cities in China with an eponymous name, is named after Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925) who was also known as Sun Zhongshan. Sun, the founding father of the Republic of China, was born in Cuiheng village in Nanlang Township of what was then Xiangshan County. After his death in 1925, Xiangshan was renamed Zhongshan in his honor.
Prior to the 20th century, Zhongshan was generally known as Xiangshan or Heung-san (Chinese: 香山; literally "Fragrant Mountain"), in reference to the many flowers that grew in the mountains nearby. The city was renamed in honor of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who often went by the name Zhongshan/Zungsaan. Sun is considered by both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China to be the "Father of Modern China", and was from Cuiheng village – now part of Nanlang Town – just outside of downtown Zhongshan.
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Zhoushan
Zhoushan or Zhoushan Archipelago New Area; formerly transliterated as Chusan, is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. The only prefecture-level city of the People's Republic of China consisting solely of islands, it lies across the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay, and is separated from the mainland by a narrow body of water. On 8 July 2011 the central government approved Zhoushan's status as a state-level new area.
The prefecture-level city of Zhoushan administers 2 districts and 2 counties.
These are further divided into 45 township-level divisions, including 24 towns, 12 townships and 9 subdistricts.
The archipelago was inhabited 6,000 years ago during the Neolithic by people of the Hemudu culture. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhoushan was called Yongdong (甬东), referring to its location east of the Yong River, and belonged to the State of Yue.
The fishermen and sailors who inhabited the islands often engaged in piracy and became recruits for uprisings against the central authorities. At the time of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhoushan Islands served as the base for Sun En's rebellion. Sun En, an adherent of the Taoist sect Wudou Midao (Five Bushels of Rice), launched his rebellion around the year 400 and was defeated by Jin forces in 402.
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Zhuhai
Zhuhai (Chinese: 珠海) is a prefecture-level city on the southern coast of Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in the Pearl River Delta, Zhuhai borders Jiangmen to the northwest, Zhongshan to the north, and Macau to the south. Zhuhai was one of the original Special Economic Zones established in the 1980s. Zhuhai is also one of China's premier tourist destinations, being called the Chinese Riviera.
The prefecture-level city of Zhuhai administers 3 county-level divisions and 3 special economic districts, all of which are districts.
Zhuhai borders the Macau Special Administrative Region (north and west), and 140 km southwest of Guangzhou. Its territory counts 146 islands and a coastline of 690 km.
The islands within the prefecture-level city of Zhuhai include a number of near-shore islands, often connected to the mainland by bridges or causeways (such as Hengqin, Qi'ao, or Yeli Islands), as well as some islands further away in the Pearl River estuary (such as the Nei Lingding Island) or the open South China Sea (the Wanshan Archipelago). Some of the latter are actually geographically closer to Hong Kong than to the Zhuhai mainland.
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Zibo
Zibo (Chinese: 淄博; pinyin: Zībó) is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the west, Laiwu and Tai'an to the southwest, Linyi to the south, Weifang to the east, Dongying to the northeast, and Binzhou the north.
Located in the middle part of Shandong Province, Zibo is an important transportation hub. Zibo governs 5 districts (Zhangdian, Zichuan, Boshan, Zhoucun and Linzi) and each of these districts has a distinct downtown area of their own. The T-shaped city has a total area of 5,938 square kilometers-three counties (Huantai, Gaoqing and Yiyuan) included ; the total population of the city is 4.53 million at the 2010 census, of which nearly 3 million are in the city proper.
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Anhui
Coordinates: 31°50′N 117°0′E / 31.833°N 117°E / 31.833; 117
Anhui (Chinese: 安徽; pinyin: Ānhuī; Wade–Giles: An-hui, Mandarin pronunciation: [ánxwéi]) is a province in the People's Republic of China. Located in eastern China across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny section in the north. The capital of the province is Hefei.
The name "Anhui" derives from the names of two cities in south Anhui, Anqing and Huizhou (now Huangshan City). The abbreviation for Anhui is "皖" (Wǎn), because there were historically a State of Wan, a Mount Wan, and a Wan river in the province.
The province of Anhui was formed in the seventeenth century. Before then, there was no coherent concept of "Anhui". Northern Anhui was firmly a part of the North China Plain in terms of culture, together with modern-day Henan province. Central Anhui constituted most of the fertile and densely-populated Huai He River watershed. Southern Anhui, along the Yangtze, was closer to Hubei and southern Jiangsu provinces in culture. Finally, the hills of southeastern Anhui formed a unique and distinct cultural sphere of its own.
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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County-level city
A county-level city (Chinese: 县级市; pinyin: xiànjí shì) is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. County-level cities are usually governed by prefecture-level divisions, but a few are governed directly by province-level divisions.
Most county-level cities were created in the 1980s and 1990s by replacing counties.
County-level cities are not "cities" in the strictest sense of the word, since they usually contain rural areas many times the size of their urban, built-up area. This is because the counties that county-level cities have replaced are themselves large administrative units containing towns, villages, and farmland. To distinguish a "county-level city" from its actual urban area (the traditional meaning of the word "city"), the term 市区 shìqū, or "urban area", is used.
In France, an equivalent of a county-level city is an agglomeration community.
While the idea of a "city" being a unit consisting of several "towns" is not a common one in English-speaking world, a somewhat similar naming convention is used for Local Government Areas in some parts of Australia. For example, in New South Wales such a unit may often be called a "city" (rather than a traditional "shire"), and consist of "towns". E.g. City of Blue Mountains is made of a number of towns (Katoomba, Springwood, etc.).
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Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping (IPA: [tə̂ŋ ɕjɑ̀ʊpʰǐŋ] (
listen); 22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese politician, statesman, and diplomat. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng was a reformer who led China towards a market economy. While Deng never held office as the head of state, head of government or General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (historically the highest position in Communist China), he nonetheless served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 to 1992. As the core of the second generation leaders Deng shared his power with the two most powerful men after him: Li Xiannian and Chen Yun.
Born into a peasant background in Guang'an, Sichuan, China, Deng studied and worked in France in the 1920s, where he was influenced by Marxism. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1923. Upon his return to China he worked as a political commissar in rural regions and was considered a "revolutionary veteran" of the Long March. Following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Deng worked in Tibet and other southwestern regions to consolidate Communist control. He was also instrumental in China's economic reconstruction following the Great Leap Forward in the early 1960s. His economic policies were at odds with the political ideologies of Chairman Mao Zedong. As a result, he was purged twice during the Cultural Revolution but regained prominence in 1978 by outmaneuvering Mao's chosen successor, Hua Guofeng.
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Guangdong
Coordinates: 23°24′N 113°30′E / 23.4°N 113.5°E / 23.4; 113.5
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province. It surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are amongst the most populous and important cities in China.
Since 1989 Guangdong has topped the total GDP rankings among all provincial-level divisions, with Jiangsu and Shandong second and third in rank. According to provincial annual preliminary statistics, Guangdong's GDP in 2010 reached CNY 4,550 billion, or USD 689.02 billion, making its economy roughly the same size as that of Turkey or Indonesia. Guangdong has the fourth highest GDP per capita among all provinces of mainland China, after Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Liaoning. The province contributes approximately 12% of the PRC's national economic output, and is home to the production facilities and offices of a wide-ranging set of multinational and Chinese corporations. Guangdong also hosts the largest Import and Export Fair in China called the Canton Fair in Guangdong's capital city Guangzhou.
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Guangshen Railway
Guangshen Railway or Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway (Chinese: 广深铁路 or 广深线) , also known as the Chinese Section of the Canton-Kowloon Railway (Chinese: 廣九鐵路華段) in 1911-1949 , is a railway in Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China, between Guangzhou and Shenzhen. It is operated by Guangshen Railway Company Limited, a subsidiary of Guangzhou Railway Group Co. Ltd..
With a length of 147 kilometres, it was the first railway in the People's Republic of China to reach the speed of 220 km/h in some sections, though it is limited to about 200 km/h during commercial operation. Now it has four tracks between Guangzhou East and Shenzhen railway station. Line 1 and 2 are up-direction and down-direction 200-km/h passenger lines for CRH EMU respectively, and Line 3 and 4 are up-direction and down-direction 160-km/h mixed passenger and freight line respectively. In order to reduce the interference to passenger trains in the daytime from lower -speed freight trains, most freight trains will be scheduled to run at night.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
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Hakka people
The Hakka (Hakka: Hak-kâ; Chinese: 客家; pinyin: Kèjiā), sometimes Hakka Han, are Han Chinese who speak the Hakka language and have links to the provincial areas of Guangdong, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan and Fujian in China.
The Chinese characters for Hakka (客家) literally means "guest families". The Hakka's ancestors were often said to have arrived from what is today's central China centuries ago. In a series of migrations, the Hakkas moved, settled in their present locations in southern China, and then often migrated overseas to various countries throughout the world. The worldwide population of Hakkas is about 80 million, though the number of Hakka-language speakers is fewer. Hakka people have had a significant influence on the course of Chinese and world history: in particular, they have been a source of many revolutionary, government, and military leaders.
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Happy Line
The Happy Line is a monorail line in downtown Shenzhen. The line is a loop and has seven stations, including stops at Splendid China, Happy Valley, Window of the World, and China Folk Culture Village.
The monorail was built by Intamin with a fleet of five P28/24 class, three-car trains, each with a capacity of 24 passengers. The line features a maximum grade of 10%. The monorail beam is 500mm wide and 700mm tall, and has a support column every 15 metres.
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Hebei
Coordinates: 39°18′N 116°42′E / 39.3°N 116.7°E / 39.3; 116.7
Hebei (help·info) (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: Héběi; Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a province of the People's Republic of China in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "冀" (jì), named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province (zhou) that included what is now southern Hebei. The name Hebei means "north of the river", referring to its location completely above the Yellow River.
In 1928, Hebei was formed after the central government dissolved the province of Chih-li (直隸), which means "Directly Ruled (by the Imperial Court)".
Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities, which border each other, were carved out of Hebei. The province borders Liaoning to the northeast, Inner Mongolia to the north, Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, and Shandong to the southeast. Bohai Bay of the Yellow Sea is to the east. A small part of Hebei, an exclave disjointed from the rest of the province, is wedged between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Jinan
Coordinates: 36°40′N 116°59′E / 36.667°N 116.983°E / 36.667; 116.983
Jinan (Chinese: 济南; pinyin: Jǐnán; Mandarin pronunciation: [t͡ɕi˧˩nan˧˥];) is the capital of Shandong province in Eastern China. The area of present-day Jinan has played an important role in the history of the region from the earliest beginnings of civilisation and has evolved into a major national administrative, economic, and transportation hub. The city, which holds sub-provincial administrative status, is located in north-western Shandong about 400 kilometres (250 mi) south of the national capital of Beijing, it borders Liaocheng to the southwest, Dezhou to the northwest, Binzhou to the northeast, Zibo to the east, Laiwu to the southeast, and Tai'an to the south.
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Jiuzhou Port
Coordinates: 22°14′N 113°35′E / 22.233°N 113.583°E / 22.233; 113.583
Jiuzhou Port is a port in the city of Zhuhai, on the west side of the Pearl River estuary in Chinese province of Guangdong. It includes a container terminal and a terminal for high-speed ferries connecting Zhuhai with Shenzhen in mainland China and Hong Kong. It is also developing into a transport hub with regular coach services connecting the port with various cities west of the Pearl River such as Jiangmen and Shunde.
Zhuhai International Container Terminals (Jiuzhou), ZICT(J), located in the city of Zhuhai on the western bank of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in the Guangdong Province, adjacent to Macau and 36 nautical miles (67 km) from Hong Kong, commenced operations in 1993. Providing container and general cargo handling services, ZICT(J) operates five multi-purpose berths.
On 10 July 2007, a new ferry service between Jiuzhou port and Skypier in Hong Kong International Airport began. The new service will have two roundtrip sailings per day and can carry 1,300 passengers. The ferries will depart Jiuzhou at 9.30am and 3.30pm and leave the airport at 11.15am and 5pm everyday. The frequency of the 50-minute service will grow to three roundtrip sailings each day by August and four each day by January 2008.
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Liaoning
Coordinates: 41°06′N 122°18′E / 41.1°N 122.3°E / 41.1; 122.3
Liaoning (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 辽宁; traditional Chinese: 遼寧; pinyin: Liáoníng; Manchu: ᠯᡳᠶᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠩ, Liyoo ning) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" (pinyin: liáo), a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace". The modern province was established in 1907 as Fengtian province (奉天 pinyin: Fèngtiān; Postal map spelling: Fengtien; Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ, Abkai imiyangga) and the name was changed to Liaoning in 1929. Under the Japanese puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name, but the name Liaoning was restored in 1945.
Liaoning is located in the southern part of the Northeast, and is often called "the Golden Triangle" because of its superior geographical location, with the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay) and the Bohai Sea in the south, North Korea in the southeast, Jilin province to the northeast, Hebei province to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest. The Yalu River marks the border between North Korea and the province. It empties into the Korea Bay between Dandong, Liaoning and Sinŭiju, North Korea.
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Lishui, Zhejiang
Lishui (simplified Chinese: 丽水; traditional Chinese: 麗水; pinyin: Líshuǐ) is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. It borders Quzhou, Jinhua and Taizhou to the north, Wenzhou to the southeast, and the province of Fujian to the southwest. The name of the city literally means "Beautiful Water", and the pronunciation of its first character is "lí", not the usual "lì".
Lishui has a very long history, for during the Liangzhu Culture period 4000 years ago, there were tribes living in the area. In 589, a prefecture called Chuzhou was established by the Sui Dynasty with Kuocang, Songyang, Linhai, Yongjia, Angu and Lechen counties under its jurisdiction. Three years later, the prefecature's name was changed to Kuozhou and then to Yongjia County in 607. The name was changed back to Kuozhou in 621 during the Tang Dynasty, to Jinyun County in the first year of the Tianbao era (742) and back to Kuozhou in the first year of Qianyuan Era (758).
In 779, during the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Lishui County. The name of the area was changed again in the year 1276 during the Yuan Dynasty to Chuzhou Lu and to Annan Fu in the 19th year of rule of Zhizheng (1359). The name of the area was maintained as Chuzhou Fu until the Ming and Qing Dynasties when it was changed back to Lishui. In the year 1935, the area was given the official name: Lishui Administrative Supervision District. In 1949, the Lishui Special District was established but then abolished in 1952. Later, it was re-instated in 1963 and the area was renamed as Lishui City. By the year 1997, Longquan, Qingtian, Jinyun, Yunhe, Qingyuan, Suichang, Songyang and Jingning were under the jurisdiction of Lishui, Liandu District serving as the administrative headquarters.
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Macau
Coordinates: 22°10′N 113°33′E / 22.167°N 113.55°E / 22.167; 113.55
Macau (Chinese: 澳門), also spelled Macao ( /məˈkaʊ/), is one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being Hong Kong. Macau lies on the western side of the Pearl River Delta across from Hong-Kong which is to the east, bordering Guangdong province to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east and south.
The territory's economy is heavily dependent on gambling and tourism, but also includes manufacturing.
Macau is a former Portuguese colony, and is both the first and last European colony in China. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 16th century and subsequently administered the region until the handover on 20 December 1999. The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of Macau stipulate that Macau operates with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer. Macau was first lent by the Chinese empire as a trading port in the 16th century, and had to administer the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty. In 1887, Macau became a colony of the Portuguese empire and its sovereignty transferred to the Portuguese.
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Mainland China
Mainland China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term that refers to the area under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The term generally excludes the PRC Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
There are two terms in Chinese for "mainland". Namely, Dalu (simplified Chinese: 大陆; traditional Chinese: 大陸), which means "continent", and Neidi (内地 / 內地), literally "inner land". In the PRC, the usage of the two terms are generally interchangeable and there is no prescribed method of reference in any jurisdiction. To emphasize "equal footing" in cross-strait relations, the term is used in official contexts with reference to Taiwan, with the PRC referring to itself as "the mainland side" (as opposed to "the Taiwan side"). But in its relations with Hong Kong and Macau, the PRC government refers to itself as "the Central People's Government".
By 1949, the Communist Party of China's (CPC) People's Liberation Army had largely defeated the Kuomintang (KMT)'s National Revolutionary Army in the Chinese Civil War on the mainland. This forced the Kuomintang to relocate the Government and institutions of the Republic of China to the relative safety of Taiwan, an island which was placed under the control of the Republic of China after the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II in 1945. With the establishment of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, the CPC-controlled government saw itself as the sole legitimate government of China, competing with the claims of the Republic of China, whose authority is now limited to Taiwan and other islands. This has resulted in a situation in which two co-existing governments compete for international legitimacy and recognition as the "government of China".
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Nanjing
Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng; Wade–Giles: Nan-ching) is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions. Its present name means "Southern Capital" and was widely romanized as Nankin and Nanking until the Pinyin language reform, after which Nanjing was gradually adopted as the standard spelling of the city's name in most languages that use the Roman alphabet.
Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has long been one of China's most important cities. It is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It was the capital of Sun Quan's Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period and the capital of the Republic of China prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has long been a national center of education, research, transport networks, and tourism. The city will host the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.
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Port of Guangzhou
Port of Guangzhou is the main seaport of Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China. The port is operated by Guangzhou Port Group Co. Ltd which is a state owned company. The company was established on February 26, 2004 from the former Guangzhou Harbor Bureau. It was approved by the Guangzhou Municipal Government. It is currently the largest comprehensive port in South China. Its international maritime trade reaches over 300 ports in more than 80 countries and districts worldwide. The port also incorporates the former Huangpu Port.
The port also serves as the important economic and transport center for the Pearl River Delta region and Guangdong province. It is also vital transport hub for industries located in neighboring provinces such as Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi.
Guangzhou was a important port during the ancient times as far back as the Qin Dynasty. It served as a trading port as the "Silk Road on the Sea". The port became one of China's busiest ports during the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty.
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Port of Shenzhen
The Port of Shenzhen is one of the busiest and fastest growing ports in southern mainland China. It is located in the southern region of the Pearl River Delta in China's Guangdong province. It is the economic hinterland for Hong Kong trade with the Mainland and also one of the most important port in terms of China's international trade.
The port is home to 39 shipping companies who have launched 131 international container routes. There are 560 ships on call at Shenzhen port on a monthly basis and also 21 feeder routes to other ports in the Pearl River Delta region.
The Port of Shenzhen is spread along Shenzhen city’s 260 km coastline. It is separated by the Kowloon Peninsula into two areas: the eastern port and the western port.
Shenzhen port's western port is located to the east of Lingdingyang in the Pearl River Estuary and consist of a deep water harbor with safe natural shelters. It is about 37.04 km from Hong Kong to the south and 111.12 km from Guangzhou to the north. As a result, the western port area is connected to the pearl river region which includes cities and counties along the river. The western port is also linked to On See dun waterway which allows trade to reach all the way to other ports.
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Pratas Islands
The Pratas Islands, also called Dongsha Islands (simplified Chinese: 东沙群岛; traditional Chinese: 東沙群島; pinyin: Dōngshā Qúndǎo), consist of three islands forming from an atoll located in northeastern South China Sea, 340 km (211 mi) southeast of Hong Kong. The islands are governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan). The People's Republic of China claims sovereignty over these islands along with all other territories currently controlled by the Republic of China. It is the seventh national park of the Republic of China. The main island of the group, Dongsha Island, is the largest of the South China Sea Islands.
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Shandong
Coordinates: 36°24′N 118°24′E / 36.4°N 118.4°E / 36.4; 118.4
Shandong (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 山东; traditional Chinese: 山東; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade–Giles: Shan1-tung1) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the East China region. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese Buddhism, and Confucianism. Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and one of the world's sites with the longest history of continuous religious worship. The Buddhist temples in the mountains to the south of the provincial capital of Jinan were once among the foremost Buddhist sites in China. The city of Qufu is the birthplace of Confucius, and was later established as the center of Confucianism. Shandong's location at the intersection of ancient as well as modern north-south and east-west trading routes have helped to establish it as an economic center. After a period of political instability and economic hardship that began in the late 19th century, Shandong has emerged as one of the most populous (95,793,065 inhabitants at the 2010 Census) and most affluent provinces in the People's Republic of China (GDP of 3.94 trillion CNY in 2010).
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around 3,500,000 square kilometres (1,400,000 sq mi). The area's importance largely results from one-third of the world's shipping transiting through its waters, and that it is believed to hold huge oil and gas reserves beneath its seabed.
It is located
The minute South China Sea Islands, collectively an archipelago, number in the hundreds. The sea and its mostly uninhabited islands are subject to competing claims of sovereignty by several countries. These claims are also reflected in the variety of names used for the islands and the sea.
South China Sea is the dominant term used in English for the sea, and the name in most European languages is equivalent, but it is sometimes called by different names in neighboring countries, often reflecting historical claims to hegemony over the sea.
The English name is a result of early European interest in the sea as a route from Europe and South Asia to the trading opportunities of China. In the sixteenth century Portuguese sailors called it the China Sea (Mar da China); later needs to differentiate it from nearby bodies of water led to calling it the South China Sea. The International Hydrographic Organization refers to the sea as "South China Sea (Nan Hai)".
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Sub-provincial city
A sub-provincial divisions (simplified Chinese: 副省级行政区; traditional Chinese: 副省級行政區; pinyin: fùshĕngjí chéngshì) (or deputy-provincial divisions) in the People's Republic of China, is like a prefecture-level city that is ruled by a province, but is administered independently in regard to economy and law.
Sub-provincial divisions, similar to prefectural-level divisions, an administrative unit comprising, typically, a main central urban area, and its much larger surrounding rural area containing many smaller cities, towns and villages.
The mayor or chairman of a sub-provincial division is equal in status to a vice-governor of a province. Its status is below that of municipalities, which are independent and equivalent to provinces, but above other, regular prefecture-level divisions, which are completely ruled by their provinces.
The original 15 sub-provincial cities were created on February 25, 1994 by the Central Organization Committee out of prefecture-level cities. They are sometimes the capitals of the provinces in which they are located.
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Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and first president and founding father of the Republic of China ("Nationalist China"). As the foremost pioneer of Republic of China, Sun is referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in the Republic of China (ROC), and the "forerunner of democratic revolution" in the People's Republic of China. Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the Xinhai Revolution. Sun was the first provisional president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912 and later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT), serving as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Although Sun is considered one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. After the success of the revolution, he quickly fell out of power in the newly founded Republic of China, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. Sun did not live to see his party consolidate its power over the country during the Northern Expedition. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the Communists, split into two factions after his death. Sun's chief legacy resides in his developing of the political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People: nationalism, democracy, and the people's livelihood.
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Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
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TurboJET
TurboJET (Chinese: 噴射飛航) is the brand name for the operations of the Hong Kong-headquartered Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited (信德中旅船務管理有限公司), which was established from the joint venture between Shun Tak Holdings Limited (信德集團有限公司) and China Travel International Investment Hong Kong Limited (香港中旅國際投資有限公司) in July 1999. It operates hydrofoil ferry services in southern China.
Shun Tak and China Travel had their own separate ferry business brands before merging as TurboJET, on 1 July 1999. They were Far East Jetfoil (遠東噴射船) by Shun Tak, and Turbo Cat (港澳飛航船) by CTS Parkview Company Ltd.
TurboJET provides services between Hong Kong, Hong Kong International Airport, Macau, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, all located around the Pearl River Delta in southern China. The route between Hong Kong and Macau is the busiest and it operates 24 hours a day. It takes approximately one hour to travel the 70-km journey on TurboJET's high speed vessels.
In the past, besides the inter-city routes, Turbo Cat operated Hong Kong out-lying routes during the years 1999 to 2000. The routes were Central to Tuen Mun (on weekdays), and Central to Tai O (on weekends). After the merger, the routes are now operated under the TurboJET brand.
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Zhejiang
Coordinates: 29°12′N 120°30′E / 29.2°N 120.5°E / 29.2; 120.5
Zhejiang (Chinese: 浙江; pinyin: Zhèjiāng; Wade–Giles: Che-chiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang (crooked river) was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital. The name of the province is often abbreviated to its first character, "浙".
Zhejiang borders Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.
The area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the Shang Dynasty (sixteenth century to eleventh century BC). Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Yue, such as the Dongyue and the Ouyue. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Yue emerged in northern Zhejiang. The Yue state was heavily influenced by the Chinese civilization further north. Under King Goujian of Yue, Yue reached its zenith and was able to wipe out the powerful state of Wu to its immediate north, in 473 BC. Then, in 333 BC, Yue was in turn conquered by the state of Chu, which was to the west. In 221 BC, the state of Qin completed the conquest of the last of the formerly independent states of China, including the state of Chu. This conquest made what is now Zhejiang part of a unified Chinese empire.
wn.com/Zhejiang
Pearl
Pearl is a mature woman from modest up-bringings. When she realizes she missed out on a lot, she decides to go back to college, in spite of her grown son's protests. She makes a bunch of new, but weird, friends and is constantly in conflict with her snob philosophy professor.
Cast
- Rhea Perlman
- Carol Kane
- Kevin Corrigan
- Lucy Liu
- Malcolm McDowell
- Dash Mihok
- Michael Timmons
- Nikki Cox
- Candice Azzara
- Jonathan Del Arco
- Aaron Kuhr
- Steve Landesberg
- Billy Connolly
- Sarah Lee Jones
- Karla Tamburrelli
- Allan Murray
- Bryan Cranston
- Danny DeVito
- Jim O'Heir
- Sam McMurray
- Patty Maloney
- Mara Wilson
- Bridget Flanery
- Kenny Rogers
- Season 1
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Episode 1: Pilot
USA...
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Episode 2: Teacher's Pet
USA...
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Episode 3: Your Cheatin' Heart
USA...
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Episode 4: Billy
USA...
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Episode 5: The Naked Truth
USA...
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Episode 6: Pynchon's Pynchon
USA...
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Episode 7: Ticket to Ride
USA...
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Episode 8: Homecoming: Part 1
USA...
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Episode 9: Homecoming: Part 2
USA...
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Episode 10: Lessons in Love
USA...
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Episode 11: The Tutor
USA...
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Episode 12: Christmas Daze
USA...
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Episode 13: Power Play
USA...
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Episode 14: Pearls Before Swine
USA...
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Episode 15: Mission ImPearlsible
USA...
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Episode 16: Dean Cuisine
USA...
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Episode 17: The Write Stuff: Part 1
USA...
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Episode 18: The Write Stuff: Part 2
USA...
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Episode 19: The Two Mrs. Rizzos
USA...
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Episode 20: Mommy Dearest
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Episode 21: My So-Called Real Life
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Episode 22: Billy Returns
USA...
Pearl
This miniseries presents a cross-section of life in Pearl Harbor leading up to the Japanese attack and its immediate aftermath. Among the stories: A colonel's bitter wife seeks extramarital attention; a female doctor with painful memories resists a new love; a young naval officer falls for a Japanese-American woman. Pearl Harbor changes their lives and those of the people around them.
Cast
- Angie Dickinson
- Dennis Weaver
- Robert Wagner
- Lesley Ann Warren
- Tiana Alexandra
- Gregg Henry
- Katherine Helmond
- Adam Arkin
- Brian Dennehy
- Max Gail
- Char Fontane
- Audra Lindley
- Richard Anderson
- Marion Ross
- Allan Miller
- Christian Vance
- Mary Crosby
- Charles Lucia
- David Elliott
- John Fitzgibbons
- Les Lannom
- Joseph Campanella
- Mike Miyashiro
- Seth Sakai
- Marik Yamoto
- Season 1
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Episode 1: (#1.1)
USA...
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Episode 2: (#1.2)
USA...
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Episode 3: (#1.3)
USA...
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Pearl River Delta and Pollution
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 12 Jun 2012
water.greenpeace.org.cn The Pearl River Delta, the the world's factory floor of a million products. Water pollutin is the one that stays ... Greenpeace has taken samples of wastewater from factories across the Pearl River Delta. The results show high levels of hazardous chemicals endangering the environment and human health. Protect our rivers. Stop toxic pollution http
http://wn.com/Pearl_River_Delta_and_Pollution
Guangdong Globalization in the Pearl River Delta
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:44
- Updated: 28 Nov 2011
http://wn.com/Guangdong_Globalization_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta
Pearl River Delta Area of China - Xiaolan, Zhongshan, Guangdong
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:38
- Updated: 03 Jul 2012
Pearl River Delta Area of China - Xiaolan, Zhongshan, Guangdong Brief overview of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone and introduction of Chinatown Business Centre, the gateway to international business & trade to the Pearl River Delta. Danny Ng gives a perspective of what will be required by Canadians to do business in China.
http://wn.com/Pearl_River_Delta_Area_of_China_Xiaolan,_Zhongshan,_Guangdong
Landsat-7 Fly-through Pearl River Delta clip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 22 Jan 2011
Landsat-7 Fly-through Pearl River Delta clip, Video produced with SpacEyes3D software, distributed by Geocarto International Centre. Satellite image:USGS, distributed by Geocarto International Centre.
http://wn.com/Landsat-7_Fly-through_Pearl_River_Delta_clip
Pearl River Delta, China
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:32
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
http://wn.com/Pearl_River_Delta,_China
Pearl River Delta - Shamian Island Tourist Spot - Guang Zhou, China
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Shamian Island doesn't really look like an island but it really is one. It is beside the Pearl River Delta area, with fresh clean air. Most people visit this place to view its Gothic architecture left after the British rule. The streets are pleasant to watch and you can see high rise buildings from the beach area. However, there are lots of dancing and exercising groups with their music there, so be prepared for a bit of noise as you explore the place. We enjoyed our visit there.
http://wn.com/Pearl_River_Delta_Shamian_Island_Tourist_Spot_Guang_Zhou,_China
China - Pearl River Delta - Moving Up the Value Chain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 11 May 2011
The development plan laid out for the PRD over the next decade will restructure the region's economy up the value chain, raise demands on commercial real estate and create immense real estate opportunities for investors and occupiers alike. Growing in tandem will be the requirement for more sophisticated real estate solutions. The emergence and development of new industries and the opening of new domestic markets will create a more competitive business environment in the PRD. To facilitate and nurture the growth of these new business enterprises, property and asset management practices will also need to evolve and become more adaptive to the needs of occupiers.
http://wn.com/China_Pearl_River_Delta_Moving_Up_the_Value_Chain
Pearl River Delta 1993
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:43
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
July 1993 I attended a UN conference in Hong Kong traveled afterwards by train to Guangzhou, stayed some days at the Hotel White Swan. Then a taxi drove us all the way to Macao. We were booked in at the "Pousada De São Tiago". I bought a CD with very impressive Chinese music. Listen...and tell me: "Who is the composer?" All information on the cover is in Chinese...hope they don't send me a copyright infringement notice..
http://wn.com/Pearl_River_Delta_1993
Changing the Economy in the Pearl River Delta in China to be more Sustainable
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 82:07
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
Shenzhen and the Pearl River Delta is one of the most productive regions in China and is considered to be key center of the export economy of the country. This year's China Lab was engaged by the Party University of Shenzhen to develop a strategy to change the economy to a more balanced consumer and production economy, with the objective of improving the environment, particularly air quality, and sustaining long term economic growth. The Strategy was developed by a class of 23 students was presented to the leadership of the Party University and the Ministers of the Municipality of Shenzhen. The presentation will discuss the strategy, how it was developed, the reaction of the client and recent follow up actions. Mark Pisano is a Senior Fellow in the School of Policy Planning and development. He is a faculty member in the Bedrosian Center for Governance, teaching a course on Megaregions and conducting research on infrastructure financing. He is Co-Chairman of the Federal System Panel for the National Academy of Public Administration. He is Co-chairman of America 2050, a national organization dedicated to developing the third century growth strategy for America. Mark Pisano directed the activities of the Southern California Association of Governments from 1976 to 2008, the nation's largest regional planning agency. The counties of Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura, and cities within these counties are members of the Association. The ...
http://wn.com/Changing_the_Economy_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta_in_China_to_be_more_Sustainable
Pearl River Delta - Wiki Article
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:07
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
Historical background Since economic liberalisation was adopted by the Chinese government in the late 1970s, the delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center ... Pearl River Delta - Wiki Article - wikiplays.org Original @ http All Information Derived from Wikipedia using Creative Commons License: en.wikipedia.org Author: cncs wikipedia Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( Creative Commons ASA 3.0 ) Author: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( This work is in the Public Domain. ) Author: User:Vmenkov Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( Creative Commons ASA 3.0 ) Author: User:Vmenkov Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( Creative Commons ASA 3.0 )
http://wn.com/Pearl_River_Delta_Wiki_Article
IT Opportunities in the Pearl River Delta | Enterprise Innovation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:52
- Updated: 11 Jul 2010
Stephen Lau, advisor to the Hong Kong International Computer Conference 2008, is a long-time veteran of the IT industry. He believes that there is ample opportunities for Hong Kong IT professionals and companies to help Mainland Chinese companies in the Pearl River Delta wanting to go international.
http://wn.com/IT_Opportunities_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta_|_Enterprise_Innovation
Pearl River Delta Gourmet Tour June 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:56
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
letztravel.blogspot.com Went on a Pearl River Delta Gourmet tour where we visited Macau attractions and crossed over the border into China. Here we enjoyed a Zhuhai holiday, Zhongshan travel and visited Shunde as well.
http://wn.com/Pearl_River_Delta_Gourmet_Tour_June_2011
HK & the Greater Pearl River Delta #1/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:56
- Updated: 11 Aug 2010
Mike Rowse - HK & the Greater Pearl River Delta
http://wn.com/HK_the_Greater_Pearl_River_Delta_1_2
HK & the Greater Pearl River Delta #2/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 11 Aug 2010
Mike Rowse - HK & the Greater Pearl River Delta
http://wn.com/HK_the_Greater_Pearl_River_Delta_2_2
Lost In The Riots - Pearl River Delta - Roadtrip and The WorkShop - 23rd September 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:54
- Updated: 04 Sep 2012
Lost in the Riots are a four-piece post rock outfit fighting their way out of Watford, Hertfordshire. Differing from the towns hardcore roots, the quartet serve up a guitar-driven assault of quiet-loud dynamics laden with unconventional time signatures and occasional vocalism. Their sound is a schizophrenic mix of heavy riffs to aggressively nod your head to and tear jerking, hopeful crescendos. Websites: www.facebook.com twitter.com lostintheriots.bandcamp.com
http://wn.com/Lost_In_The_Riots_Pearl_River_Delta_Roadtrip_and_The_WorkShop_23rd_September_2011
Audi Urban Future Award 2012 | NODE Architecture & Urbanism, Pearl River Delta
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 18 Sep 2012
The Audi Urban Future Award 2012 | Five regions, five architects, five ideas - five videos. Read more: www.audi-urban-future-initiative.com
http://wn.com/Audi_Urban_Future_Award_2012_|_NODE_Architecture_Urbanism,_Pearl_River_Delta
PRD SEA: Pearl River Delta Special Ecological Area
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
What if our administrative boundaries were dependent on ecological boundaries? When freshwater becomes increasingly scarce, could we use watersheds as boundaries to better administer the distribution of water resources? Climate change, urbanization, and pollution from industrial and agricultural development threaten the steady supply of freshwater to the Pearl River Delta and its cities, while population growth in the region only increases demand. At the same time, Hong Kong and Shenzhen's increasing economic, political and cultural interdependency presents the possibility to tackle these challenges holistically, piggybacking new systems for freshwater delivery onto defunct, existing, and planned infrastructure in the region. To address the challenges of freshwater provision in the region, we propose a zone of interconnected water resources: the Pearl River Delta Special Ecological Area (PRD SEA). It adopts four water resource strategies: move from a centralized to a decentralized system; link independent systems to enable resource sharing; piggyback new systems on defunct, existing and planned infrastructure; and finally treat "waste" water as a resource. The PRD SEA imagines a fundamental realignment of water resources from a centralized, source-to-user system, to one that is distributed and interdependent, relying on a user-as-source network. Traditionally, the collection and storage of fresh water, the distribution of potable water, and treatment of resulting waste ...
http://wn.com/PRD_SEA_Pearl_River_Delta_Special_Ecological_Area
Lost In The Riots "Pearl River Delta" - Brixton Windmill, 21/12/2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Updated: 04 Sep 2012
http://wn.com/Lost_In_The_Riots_Pearl_River_Delta_Brixton_Windmill,_21_12_2011
Greenpeace - The Pearl River Delta Water Pollution
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 13 Jan 2012
Factory of the world of a million products. Water pollution is the one that stays.
http://wn.com/Greenpeace_The_Pearl_River_Delta_Water_Pollution
"Pearl River Delta" Sianandjim's photos around Macau, China (pearl river delta china travel)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Updated: 28 Feb 2012
Preview of Sianandjim's blog at TravelPod. Read the full blog here: www.travelpod.com This blog preview was made by TravelPod using the TripAdvisor™ TripWow slideshow creator. Learn more about these videos: www.travelpod.com
http://wn.com/Pearl_River_Delta_Sianandjim's_photos_around_Macau,_China_pearl_river_delta_china_travel
Hong Kong the R&D; hub in Pearl River Delta region
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Updated: 02 Apr 2012
Anthony Tan, CEO, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong_the_R&D;_hub_in_Pearl_River_Delta_region
Lost in the Riots - Pearl River Delta - The Hydrant Brighton - 3rd September 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Updated: 05 Oct 2011
Lost in the Riots playing Pearl River Delta at The Hydrant in Brighton on 3rd September 2011 Lost in the Riots are a four-piece post rock outfit fighting their way out of Watford, Hertfordshire. Differing from the towns hardcore roots, the quartet serve up a guitar-driven assault of quiet-loud dynamics laden with unconventional time signatures and occasional vocalism. Their sound is a schizophrenic mix of heavy riffs to aggressively nod your head to and tear jerking, hopeful crescendos. Websites: www.facebook.com Lost in the Riots are a four-piece post rock outfit fighting their way out of Watford, Hertfordshire. Differing from the towns hardcore roots, the quartet serve up a guitar-driven assault of quiet-loud dynamics laden with unconventional time signatures and occasional vocalism. Their sound is a schizophrenic mix of heavy riffs to aggressively nod your head to and tear jerking, hopeful crescendos. Websites: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Lost_in_the_Riots_Pearl_River_Delta_The_Hydrant_Brighton_3rd_September_2011
2011 Amway Pan-Pearl River Delta Region - iGreen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 22 May 2011
Enabling Privacy Preserving Location-based Service
http://wn.com/2011_Amway_Pan-Pearl_River_Delta_Region_iGreen
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
20 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling President Barack Obama's whirlwind tour of southeast Asia and meetings with dignitaries will have to walk a tightrope between either appearing to endorse military juntas or truly being committed to ongoing pro-democracy movements. Specifically at issue is Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi, a democratic advocate...(size: 5.0Kb)
photo: AP / Melanie Gouby
21 Nov 2012
Hundreds of government soldiers and police in the Democratic Republic of Congo have surrendered to rebels at a stadium in Goma, Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri has reported from the scene. The M23 rebel group, believed to be backed by Rwanda seized the strategic, provincial capital of Goma in eastern Congo on Tuesday, home to more than 1 million...(size: 18.7Kb)
photo: AP / Sebastian D'souza
21 Nov 2012
MUMBAI, India - India executed the lone surviving gunman from the 2008 terror attack on Mumbai early Wednesday, India's home ministry said. Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani citizen, was one of 10 gunmen who rampaged through the streets of India's financial capital in November 2008, killing 166 people. Kasab was hung at 7:30 a.m. Wednesday at a jail in...(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
19 Nov 2012
Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that would end Palestinian rocket fire. Mediator Egypt said a deal for a truce to end the fighting could be close. The leader of Hamas said it was up to...(size: 4.1Kb)
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A new battle is underway in Pakistan with its powerful military front-and-centre, but the fight is not against armed insurgents or ideological extremists - this opponent is a muscle-flexing Supreme Court. For the first time in decades, the military's iron grip over the South Asian country has been challenged, and it remains to be seen if it will...(size: 23.7Kb)
The Miami Herald
22 Nov 2012
SAN JUAN, Nicaragua -- Boom and bust cycles are no stranger to this small town, which once played an outsized role in distant affairs. Set in a protected harbor in Nicaraguaâs remote southeast corner, the town in the mid-19th century was briefly the most important port in Central America. Tens of thousands of Americans with gold fever passed by...(size: 3.7Kb)
The New York Times
21 Nov 2012
CORONADO, Calif. — The governments of the United States and Mexico signed an agreement on Tuesday to overhaul how the two countries share and manage water from the Colorado River, which provides water to more than 33 million people in seven states and Mexico. Connect With Us on Twitter Follow @NYTNational for breaking news and headlines....(size: 8.3Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
21 Nov 2012
October marked 20 years since the Central Valley Project Improvement Act, a water project aimed at restoring the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, went into effect. After many years of damage caused by water diversions from the delta, Congress acted to fix some obvious problems. Rep. George Miller, D-Martinez, and former U.S. Sen. Bill Bradley, a...(size: 3.0Kb)
BBC News
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DNA India
21 Nov 2012
HONG KONG, Nov. 21, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- In fourth quarter 2012, TUV Rheinland Greater China establishes a new bicycle testing laboratory in Kunshan. This testing house fully supports the Chinese bicycle enter the worldwide market. By using the data from Euromonitor, TUV Rheinland prepares a research on the trend of using and production of the...(size: 6.3Kb)
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20 Nov 2012
NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The first week following China's once-in-a-decade leadership reshuffle, a group of financial regulators from China's Guangdong Province visit U.S. to initiate new partnerships with Wall Street under the current frenemyship between the two nations. Led by Gaoxiong Zhou, the Chief Officer of the Finance Affairs Office of...(size: 7.7Kb)
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| Pearl River Delta
珠江三角洲 |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
| Country / SAR |  CHN,  HKG,  MAC
|
| Major Cities | Guangzhou Shenzhen Hong Kong Huizhou Dongguan Foshan Jiangmen Zhongshan Zhuhai Macau |
| Population | |
| • Metro | 63,724,157-120,000,000 |
| Pearl River Delta | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 珠江三角洲 | ||||||||||||
| Cantonese Jyutping | Zyu1gong1 Saam1gok3zau1 | ||||||||||||
| Cantonese Yale | Jyūgōng Sāamgokjāu | ||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhūjiāng Sānjiǎozhōu | ||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
The Pearl River Delta (PRD), Zhujiang Delta or Zhusanjiao in Guangdong province, People's Republic of China is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. It is one of the most densely urbanised regions in the world and one of the main hubs of China's economic growth.
Contents |
Historical background[link]
Since economic liberalisation was adopted by the Chinese government in the late 1970s, the delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world. The Chinese government hopes that the manufacturing in Guangdong, combined with the financial and service economy and traditional capitalistic influence in Hong Kong, will create an economic gateway attracting foreign capital throughout mainland China.
Geography[link]
River delta[link]
The river delta, also known as the Golden Delta of Guangdong,[1] is formed by three major rivers, the Xi Jiang, Bei Jiang, and Dong Jiang. The flat lands of the delta are criss-crossed by a network of tributaries and distributaries of the Pearl River. The Pearl River Delta is actually two alluvial deltas, separated by the core branch of the Pearl River. The Bei Jiang and Xi Jiang converge to flow into the South China Sea and Pearl River in the west, while the Dong Jiang only flows into the Pearl River proper in the east.
The Xi Jiang begins exhibiting delta-like characteristics as far west as Zhaoqing, although this city is not usually considered a part of the PRD region. After passing through the Lingyang Gorge and converging with the Bei Jiang, the Xi Jiang opens up and flows as far east as Nasha Qu and as far west as Xinhui. Major distributaries of the Xi include Donghui Shuidao, Jiya Shuidao, Hutiaomen Shuidao, Yinzhou Hu, and the main branch of the Xi Jiang. Jiangmen and Zhongshan are the major cities found in the western section of the delta.
The Bei Jiang enters the delta plains at Qingyuan but doesn't begin to split until near Sanshui. From here the two main distributaries are Tanzhou Shuidao and Shunde Shuidao which form multiple mouths along the west side of the Pearl River's estuary. Two other distributaries, Lubao Yong and Xinan Yong, split from the Bei further north and converge with the Liuxi He to form the main branch of the Pearl River just north of Guangzhou. The other major city in the north section of the delta is Foshan.
The Dong Jiang flows through Huizhou into the delta. It begins diverging northeast of Dongguan into many distributaries, including the Dongguan Shuidao. Distributuares enter the Pearl River as far north as Luogang and as far south as Hu Men (Tiger Gate).
Location and demographics[link]
As well as the delta itself, the term Pearl River Delta refers to the dense network of cities that covers nine prefectures of the province of Guangdong, namely Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Foshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing, and the SARs of Hong Kong and Macau. The 2010/2011 State of the World Cities report, published by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, estimates the population of the delta region at 120 million people; it is rapidly urbanising.[2]
The eastern side of the PRD (Shenzhen, Dongguan), dominated by foreign capitals, is the most developed economically and polluted.[citation needed] The western areas (Foshan, Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Jiangmen), dominated by local private capitals, are open for development. New transport links between Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai in the PRD are expected to open up new areas for development, further integrate the cities, and facilitate trade within the region. The proposed 50-kilometre Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge will be the longest in the world.
Until approximately around 1985, the PRD had been mainly dominated by farms and small rural villages, but after the economy was reformed and opened, a flood of investment turned it into the land's economic powerhouse. The PRD's startling growth was fuelled by foreign investment coming largely from Hong Kong manufacturers that moved their operations into the PRD. In 2003, Hong Kong companies employed 11 million workers in their PRD operations. Lately there have been extreme labour shortages in the region due to runaway economic growth which caused wages to rise by about 20 to 30 percent in the past two years. [3]
Economy[link]
The Pearl River Delta is one of most economically dynamic region of the People's Republic of China since the launch of China’s reform programme in 1979. With annual gross domestic product growth of 13.45 percent over three decades since 1978, its 3.5 percentage points higher than the national average. Since 1987, almost 30% of all foreign investment in China was in the PRD. [4] By 2007 its GDP rose to US$448 billion which makes it's economy about the size of Taiwan's. [5] The abundance of employment opportunities created a pool of wealthy, middle-income, professional consumers with an annual per capita income that puts them among China's wealthiest.[6] Since the onset of China’s reform program, the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone has been the fastest growing portion of the fastest growing province in the fastest growing large economy in the world. [7]
According to the 2000 national Census, the Zone had a population of 40.8 million people. Per capita income has been growing substantially in recent years, as have consumer expenditures.
Although the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone encompasses only 0.4 percent of the land area and only 3.2 percent of the 2000 Census population of mainland China, it accounted for 8.7 percent of GDP, 35.8 percent of total trade, and 29.2 percent of utilised foreign capital in 2001. These figures show the remarkable level of economic development that the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone has achieved and the international orientation of the region’s economy. This orientation has attracted numerous investors from all over the world who use the Greater Pearl River Delta region as a platform for serving global and Chinese markets.
As of 2008, the Central Government has introduced new labor laws, environmental and new regulations to reduce pollution, industrial disputes, safer working conditions and protect the environment. The costs of producing low margin and commodity goods have increased. This is on top of the rising cost for energy, food, transport and the appreciation of the Reminbi against the falling US Dollar. Some manufacturers will need to cut costs by moving up the value chain or moving to more undeveloped regions.[8]
Significance of manufacturing[link]
The Pearl River Delta has become the world's workshop and is a major manufacturing base for products such as electronic products (such as watches and clocks), toys, garments and textiles, plastic products, and a range of other goods. Much of this output is invested by foreign entities and is geared for the export market. The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone accounts for approximately one third of China's trade value.
Private-owned enterprises have developed quickly in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone and are playing an ever-growing role in the region's economy, particularly after year 2000 when the development environment for private-owned enterprises has been greatly relaxed.
Nearly five percent of the world's goods were produced in the Greater Pearl River Delta in 2001, with a total export value of US$ 289 billion. Over 70,000 Hong Kong companies have plants there.[8]
Metropolitan and Cities area[link]
The Pearl Delta has been the second most populous area in China, East Asia, and one of the most densely populated areas of the world. It is similar to the Yangtze River Delta, which is also surrounded by highly developed, metropolitan cities.
Metropolitan areas[link]
- Guangfo Metropolis (Guangzhou, Foshan, & Zhaoqing)
- Greater Hong Kong (Hong Kong & Shenzhen)
- Dongguan-Huizhou Metropolitan Area
- Greater Macau (Macau & Zhuhai)
- Jiangmen-Zhongshan Metropolitan Area
Core cities and sub cities[link]
Metropolitan and Cities area table[link]
| City | Hanzi | Pinyin | Yale | Jyutping | Population | Image | Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guangzhou | 广州（廣州） | Guǎngzhōu | Gwóngjāu | Gwong2zau1 | 12,700,000 | |
Also known to many English speakers as Canton, Guangzhou is the capital of Guangdong province. It is a port on the Pearl River, navigable to the South China Sea, and is located about 120 km (75 mi) northwest of Hong Kong. |
| Shenzhen | 深圳 | Shēnzhèn | Sāmjan | Sam1zan3 | 10,357,938 | |
Shenzhen once was a small fishing village, singled out by Deng Xiaoping to become the first Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in China. Since the late 1970s it has been one of the fastest growing cities in the world due to its proximity to Hong Kong, a British colony until 1997. It is also the busiest port in China after Shanghai. |
| Hong Kong | 香港 | Xiānggǎng | Hēunggóng | Hoeng1gong2 | 7,061,200 | |
Hong Kong Island was first occupied by British forces in 1841, and then formally ceded from China under the Treaty of Nanjing at the end of the war. Hong Kong remained a crown colony of the United Kingdom until 1997 when it was returned to China. Hong Kong is known as one of the world's leading financial capitals also a major business and cultural hub. |
| Dongguan | 东莞（東莞） | Dōngguǎn | Dūnggún | Dung1gun2 | 8,220,237 | _2010.jpg) |
Dongguan borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, Shenzhen to the south, and the Pearl River to the west. It is also home to the world's largest shopping mall, South China Mall. |
| Foshan | 佛山 | Fóshān | Fātsāan | Fat1saan1 | 7,194,311 |  |
Foshan is an old town dated back many centuries. It was famous for its porcelain industry. It is now the fourth largest city in Guangdong'. The city is relatively affluent when compared to other Chinese cities, and it is home to many large private enterprises. Foshan recently has seen a transformation brought by China's booming economy. City administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment especially in Nanhai District which has closes ties with Guangzhou to form a Guangzhou-Foshan metro in the near future. |
| Jiangmen | 江门（江門） | Jiāngmén | Gōngmùhn | Gong1mun4 | 4,448,871 |  |
Jiangmen Port is the second largest river port in Guangdong province. The local government plans to develop a harbour industrial zone with heavy industries such as petrochemical and machinery industries. The port of Jiangmen was known as Kong-Moon when it was forced to open to western trade in 1902. One legacy of this period is a historic waterfront district lined with buildings in the treaty port style. The city has an ongoing renewal project which has restored many of these buildings. |
| Huizhou | 惠州 | Hùizhōu | Waihjāu | Wai6zau1 | 4,597,002 |  |
Huizhou is the most eastern city in the Pearl River Delta region. Huizhou is known for its West Lake scenery. Huizhou gained benefit from the Chinese economic reform of the late 1980s. The blossoming real estate market attracted capital investment from Hong Kong and Taiwan. In the provincial economic development strategy, Huizhou is regarded as a site for a world-class petrochemical industry, as well as a hub for developing information technology, and expanding exports and trade. |
| Zhongshan | 中山 | Zhōngshān | Jūngsāan | Zung1saan1 | 3,120,884 |  |
Zhongshan is a mid-size city named after Dr. Sun Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) and considered by many to be the "Father of modern China". Zhongshan serves as a midway point between Guangzhou and Macau. Zhongshan is known in China for making lamps. |
| Zhuhai | 珠海 | Zhūhǎi | Jyūhói | Zyu1hoi2 | 1,560,229 |  |
Zhuhai plays a similar role to Shenzhen and became the first of the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in China. Since the late 1970s it has been one of the most fast growing cities in the Pearl River Delta due to its proximity to Macau. |
| Macau | 澳门（澳門） | Àomén | Oumùhn | Ou3mun4 | 544,600 |  |
Macau was first Portuguese settlement in China on 1557. Macau remained a colony of Portugal until 1999 when it was returned to China. Macau has developed into a notable tourist industry that boasts a wide range of hotels, resorts, stadiums, restaurants and casinos. This makes it one of the richest cities in the world. |
[edit] Pearl River mega-city
A 2011 article in British newspaper The Telegraph reported on a "Turn The Pearl River Delta Into One" project. The stated goal was to "mesh the transport, energy, water and telecommunications networks of the nine cities together." [9] (Hong Kong and Macau were not included.) However, the Chinese government denied that such a project existed.[10]
Pollution[link]
The Pearl River Delta is notoriously polluted,[citation needed] with sewage and industrial waste treatment facilities failing to keep pace with the growth in population and industry in the area. A large portion of the pollution is brought about by factories run by Hong Kong manufacturers in the area. Much of the area is frequently covered with a brown smog. This has a strong effect on the pollution levels in the delta.[citation needed]
Pollution is a great risks to the Chinese White Dolphins that inhabit the area.
On March 22, 2007 the World Bank approved a $96 million loan to the PRC government to reduce water pollution in the Pearl River Delta.[11] On December 23, 2008 it was announced that ¥48.6 billion (about $7.1 billion) will be spent on the river by mid 2010 to clean up the river's sewage problems quoted by Zhang Hu, the director of Guangzhou municipal bureau of water affairs. The city will build about 30 water treatment plants, which will treat 2.25 million tonnes of water per day. The program hopes to cut down the amount of sewage in the area by 85%, and was also of fundamental importance for the 2010 Asian Games held in Guangzhou from November 12, 2010 to November 27, 2010.[12]
In October 2009, Greenpeace East Asia released a report, "Poisoning the Pearl River" that detailed the results of a study it conducted in which 25 samples were collected from five manufacturing facilities in the Greater Pearl River Delta. The study concluded that all the facilities sampled were discharging waste-water containing chemicals with proven or suspected hazardous properties including heavy metals such as beryllium, copper and manganese as well as high levels of organic chemicals.[13] These substances are associated with a long list of health problems such as cancer, endocrine disruption, renal failure and damage to the nervous system as well being known to harm the environment. Three of the five facilities sampled (Qingyuan Top Dragon Co. Ltd, Wing Fung P.C. Board Co. Ltd. and Techwise Qingyuan Circuit Co. Ltd. ) contained concentrations of chemicals which exceeded the limits set by Guangdong provincial effluent standards. These companies were then subjected to a Clean Production Audit according to Article 28 of China's Cleaner Production Promotion Law.[14] Guangdong Environmental Protection Bureau took a stance against the companies by blacklisting them.
See also[link]
- Bocca Tigris
- Geography of China
- Metropolitan regions of China
- Yangtze River Delta
- Yellow River Delta and Bohai Sea
- National Central City
- Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge
References[link]
- ^ Atlas of China, page 123. SinoMaps Press, 2007.
- ^ Vidal, John (March 22, 2010). "UN report: World's biggest cities merging into 'mega-regions'". guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/mar/22/un-cities-mega-regions. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
- ^ "Labor shortage to affect Pearl River Delta hardest". http://www.china.org.cn/business/2012-03/13/content_24881958.htm.
- ^ "A Stronger Pearl River Delta". http://accci.com.au/clement%20miu.pdf.
- ^ "Achievements, challenges in China's Pearl River Delta plan". http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-01/08/content_10624863.htm.
- ^ "Economic Backdrop of the PRD". http://www.hopewellhighway.com/WebSite_en/ir/doc/HHI_Economic_Backdrop_Eng.pdf.
- ^ "Introducing the Pearl River Delta". http://www.hktrader.net/200506/prd/.
- ^ a b China's low costs are on the rise dallasnews.com 2008-08-19 Retrieved 2010-01-09
- ^ China to create largest mega city in the world with 42 million people telegraph.co.uk 2011-01-29 Retrieved 2011-01-29
- ^ Guandong denies ambitious megacity plan CCTV News English 2011-01-30
- ^ World Bank loans China $96 mln for delta environment Reuters alertnet.org 2007-03-22 Retrieved 2010-01-09
- ^ Guangzhou contributes 48.6 bln yuan to clean up Pearl River xinhuanet.com 2008-12-24 Retrieved 2010-01-09
- ^ http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/press/releases/toxics/2010/20100201_RPD_reactive/
- ^ http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/publications/reports/toxics/2010/pearl-river-report-2009-2nd/
External links[link]
- Economic profile for the Pearl River Delta at HKTDC
- Images from Scientific Visualisation Studio at NASA
- Key Cities of the Pearl River Delta
- Introducing the Pearl River Delta
- Getting around the Pearl River Delta
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Coordinates: 22°32′N 113°44′E / 22.533°N 113.733°E / 22.533; 113.733
http://wn.com/Pearl_River_Delta
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Дельта Жемчужной реки
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http://nl.wn.com/Parelrivierdelta
http://es.wn.com/Delta del río Perla
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
A delta is a landform that is formed at the mouth of a river, where that river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, or reservoir. Deltas are formed from the deposition of the sediment carried by the river as the flow leaves the mouth of the river. Over long periods of time, this deposition builds the characteristic geographic pattern of a river delta.
Contrary to popular belief, the term delta was not coined by Herodotus[1].
Contents |
Formation[link]
River deltas form when a river carrying sediment reaches either (1) a body of standing water, such as a lake, ocean, or reservoir, (2) another river that cannot remove the sediment quickly enough to stop delta formation, or (3) an inland region where the water spreads out and deposits sediments. When the flow enters the standing water, it is no longer confined to its channel and expands in width. This flow expansion results in a decrease in the flow velocity, which diminishes the ability of the flow to transport sediment. As a result, sediment drops out of the flow and deposits. Over time, this single channel will build a deltaic lobe (such as the bird's-foot of the Mississippi or Ural River deltas), pushing its mouth further into the standing water. As the deltaic lobe advances, the gradient of the river channel becomes lower because the river channel is longer but has the same change in elevation (see slope). As the slope of the river channel decreases, it becomes unstable for two reasons. First, the water under the force of gravity will tend to flow in the most direct course down slope. If the river breaches its natural leaves (i.e., during a flood), it will spill out onto a new course with a shorter route to the ocean, thereby obtaining a more stable steeper slope.[2] Second, as its slope gets lower, the amount of sheer stress on the bed will decrease, which will result in deposition of sediment within the channel and a rise in the channel bed relative to the floodplain. This will make it easier for the river to breach its levees and cut a new channel that enters the body of standing water at a steeper slope. Often when the channel does this, some of its flow can remain in the abandoned channel. When these channel switching events occur a mature delta will gain a distributary network.
Another way in which these distributary networks may form is from the deposition of mouth bars (mid-channel sand and/or gravel bars at the mouth of a river). When this mid-channel bar is deposited at the mouth of a river, the flow is routed around it. This results in additional deposition on the upstream end of the mouth-bar, which splits the river into two distributary channels. A good example of the result of this process is the Wax Lake Delta in Louisiana.
In both of these cases, depositional processes force redistribution of deposition from areas of high deposition to areas of low deposition. This results in the smoothing of the planform (or map-view) shape of the delta as the channels move across its surface and deposit sediment. Because the sediment is laid down in this fashion, the shape of these deltas approximates a fan. It is closer to an ideal fan the more often the flow changes course because more rapid changes in channel position results in more uniform deposition of sediment on the delta front. The Mississippi and Ural River deltas, with their bird's-feet, are examples of rivers that do not avulse often enough to form a symmetrical fan shape. Alluvial fan deltas, as seen in their name, avulse frequently and more closely approximate an ideal fan shape.
Types of deltas[link]
Deltas are typically classified according to the main control on deposition, which is usually either a river, waves, or tides.[3] These controls have a large effect on the shape of the resulting delta.
Wave-dominated deltas[link]
In wave dominated deltas, wave erosion controls the shape of the delta, although deposition still outweighs the amount of erosion and the delta is able to advance into the sea. Deltas of this form, such as the Nile Delta, tend to have a characteristic Greek-capital-delta shape Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \left(\Delta\right) .
Tide-dominated deltas[link]
Erosion is also an important control in tide dominated deltas, such as the Ganges Delta, which may be mainly submarine, with prominent sand bars and ridges. This tends to produce a "dendritic" structure.[3] Tidal deltas behave differently from river- and wave-dominated deltas, which tend to have a few main distributaries. Once a wave- or river- distributary silts up, it is abandoned, and a new channel forms elsewhere. In a tidal delta, new distributaries are formed during times when there's a lot of water around – such as floods or storm surges. These distributaries slowly silt up at a pretty constant rate until they fizzle out.[3]
Gilbert deltas[link]
A Gilbert delta (named after Grove Karl Gilbert) is a specific type of delta that is formed by coarse sediments, as opposed to gently-sloping muddy deltas such as that of the Mississippi. For example, a mountain river depositing sediment into a freshwater lake would form this kind of delta.[4] [5] While some authors describe both lacustrine and marine locations of Gilbert deltas,[4] others note that their formation is more characteristic of the freshwater lakes, where it is easier for the river water to mix with the lakewater faster (as opposed to the case of a river falling into the sea or a salt lake, where less dense fresh water brought by the river stays on top longer).[6]
G.K. Gilbert himself first described this type of delta on Lake Bonneville in 1885.[6] Elsewhere, similar structures can be found e.g. at the mouths of several creeks flowing into Okanagan Lake in British Columbia and forming prominent peninsulas at Naramata (49°35′30″N 119°35′30″W / 49.59167°N 119.59167°W / 49.59167; -119.59167), Summerland (49°34′23″N 119°37′45″W / 49.57306°N 119.62917°W / 49.57306; -119.62917), or Peachland (49°47′00″N 119°42′45″W / 49.7833333°N 119.7125°W / 49.7833333; -119.7125)
Estuaries[link]
Other rivers, particularly those located on coasts with significant tidal range, do not form a delta but enter into the sea in the form of an estuary. Notable examples include the Saint Lawrence River and the Tagus estuary.
Inland deltas[link]
In rare cases the river delta is located inside a large valley and is called an inverted river delta. Sometimes a river will divide into multiple branches in an inland area, only to rejoin and continue to the sea; such an area is known as an inland delta, and often occur on former lake beds. The Inner Niger Delta and Peace–Athabasca Delta are notable examples. The Amazon has also an inland delta before the island of Marajó.
In some cases a river flowing into a flat arid area splits into channels which then evaporate as it progresses into the desert. Okavango Delta in Botswana is one well-known example.
Sedimentary structure[link]
The formation of a delta consists of three main forms: the topset, foreset/frontset, and bottomset.[4]
- The bottomset beds are created from the suspended sediment that settles out of the water as the river flows into the body of water and loses energy. The suspended load is carried out the furthest into the body of water than all other types of sediment creating a turbidite. These beds are laid down in horizontal layers and consist of smaller grains.
- The foreset beds in turn build over the bottomset beds as the main delta form advances. The foreset beds consist of the bed load that the river is moving along which consists of larger sediments that roll along the main channel. When it reaches the edge of the form, the bed load rolls over the edge, and builds up in steeply angled layers over the top of the bottomset beds. The angle of the outermost edge of the delta is created by the sediments angle of repose. As the foresets build outward (which make up the majority of the delta) they pile up and miniature landslides occur. This slope is created in this fashion as the bedload continues to be deposited and the delta moves outward. In cross section, one would see the foresets lying in angled, parallel bands, showing each stage of the creation of the delta.
- The topset beds in turn overlay the foresets, and are horizontal layers of smaller sediment size that form as the main channel of the river shifts elsewhere and the larger particles of the bed load no longer are deposited. As the channels move across the top of the delta, the suspended load settles out in horizontal beds over the top. The topset bed is subdivided into two regions: the upper delta plain and the lower delta plain. The upper delta plain is unaffected by the tide, while the boundary with the lower delta plain is defined by the upper limit of tidal influence. [7]
Deltas and alluvial fans[link]
Deltas are differentiated from alluvial fans in that deltas have a shallow slope, contain fine-grained sediment (sand and mud), and always flow into a body of water. Alluvial fans, on the other hand, are steep, have coarse-grained sediments (including boulders), and are dominated by debris flows and large floods; these floods are often flash floods. They can either flow onto a land surface, or into a body of water; in the latter case, they are called alluvial fan deltas.
Examples of notable deltas[link]
The most famous delta is that of the Nile River, and it is this delta from which the term is derived. The Ganges/Brahmaputra combination delta spans most of Bangladesh and West Bengal, empties into the Bay of Bengal and is the world's largest delta. Other rivers with notable deltas include, the Fly River, the Cauvery, the Niger River, the Tigris-Euphrates, the Rhine, the Po, the Rhône, the Danube, the Ebro, the Volga, the Lena, the Indus, the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy), the Mekong, the Huanghe, the Yangtze, the Sacramento-San Joaquin, the Mississippi, the Orinoco, and the Paraná.
Ecological threats to deltas[link]
Human activities, including diversion of water and the creation of dams for hydroelectric power or to create reservoirs can radically alter delta ecosystems. Dams block sedimentation which can cause the delta to erode away. The use of water upstream can greatly increase salinity levels as less fresh water flows to meet the salty ocean water. While nearly all deltas have been impacted to some degree by humans, the Nile Delta and Colorado River Delta are some of the most extreme examples of the ecological devastation caused to deltas by damming and diversion of water.
Deltas in the economy[link]
Ancient deltas are a benefit to the economy due to their well sorted sand and gravel. Sand and gravel is often quarried from these old deltas and used in concrete for highways, buildings, sidewalks, and even landscaping. More than 1 billion tons of sand and gravel are produced in the United States alone.[8] Not all sand and gravel quarries are former deltas, but for ones that are, a lot of the sorting is already done by the power of water.
Deltas on Mars[link]
Researchers have found a number of examples of deltas that formed in Martian lakes. Finding deltas is a major sign that Mars once had a lot of water. Deltas have been found over a wide geographical range. Below are pictures of a few.[9]
-
Delta in Ismenius Lacus quadrangle, as seen by THEMIS.
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Delta in Lunae Palus quadrangle, as seen by THEMIS.
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Delta in Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle as seen by THEMIS.
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Distributary fan-delta.jpg
Probable delta in a crater to the NE of Holden Crater, as seen by Mars Global Surveyor. Image in Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle.
See also[link]
- Alluvial fan
- Avulsion (river)
- Estuary
- Formation of delta-shaped river basin
- Mega delta
- Regressive delta
References[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: River deltas |
- ^ Celoria, Francis (1966). "Delta as a geographical concept in Greek literature". Isis 57 (3): 385–388. http://www.jstor.org/pss/228368.
- ^ Slingerland, R. and N. D. Smith (1998), Necessary conditions for a meandering-river avulsion, Geology (Boulder), 26, 435–438.
- ^ a b c Fagherazzi, S (Dec 2008). "Self-organization of tidal deltas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (48): 18692–5. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0806668105. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2596246. PMID 19033190. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2596246.
- ^ a b c Characteristics of deltas. (Available archived at [1] – checked Dec 2008.)
- ^ Bernard Biju-Duval, J. Edwin Swezey. "Sedimentary Geology". Page 183. ISBN 2-7108-0802-1. Editions TECHNIP, 2002. Partial text on Google Books.
- ^ a b "Geological and Petrophysical Characterization of the Ferron Sandstone for 3-D Simulation of a Fluvial-deltaic Reservoir". By Thomas C. Chidsey, Thomas C. Chidsey, Jr (ed), Utah Geological Survey, 2002. ISBN 1-55791-668-3. Pages 2–17. Partial text on Google Books.
- ^ Hori, K. and Saito, Y. Morphology and Sediments of Large River Deltas. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Geographical Society, 2003
- ^ Mineral Information Institute. 2011. Sand and Gravel. http://www.mii.org/Minerals/photosandgr.html
- ^ Irwin III, R. et al. 2005. An intense terminal epoch of widespread fluvial activity on early Mars: 2. Increased runoff and paleolake development. Journal of Geophysical Research: 10. E12S15
External links[link]
- Louisiana State University Geology – World Deltas
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Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Delta fluviale
http://cs.wn.com/Říční delta
http://id.wn.com/Delta sungai
http://es.wn.com/Delta fluvial
http://ru.wn.com/Дельта реки
http://nl.wn.com/Rivierdelta
http://pl.wn.com/Delta rzeki
http://fr.wn.com/Delta (hydrologie)
http://de.wn.com/Flussdelta
http://hi.wn.com/नदीमुख-भूमि
http://pt.wn.com/Delta
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (November 2010) |
| Pearl River | |
|---|---|
 Pearl River in Guangzhou |
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 The Pearl River system |
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| Origin | various sources of its tributaries |
| Mouth | South China Sea |
| Basin countries | China Vietnam |
| Length | 2,400 km (1,500 mi) |
| Avg. discharge | 9,500 cubic metres per second (340,000 cu ft/s)[1] |
| Pearl River | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 珠江 | ||||||||||
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| Guangdong River | |||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 粵江 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 粤江 | ||||||||||
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This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. |
The Pearl River (Chinese: 珠江; pinyin: Zhū Jiāng, literally "Pearl River", pronounced [ʈʂú tɕjɑ́ŋ]) or less commonly, the "Guangdong River" or "Canton River" etc., (Chinese: 粤江), is an extensive river system in southern China. The name Pearl River is usually used as a catchment term to refer to the watersheds of the Xi Jiang ("West River"), the Bei Jiang ("North River"), and the Dong Jiang ("East River"). These rivers are all considered tributaries of the Pearl River because they share a common delta, the Pearl River Delta. Measured from the farthest reaches of the Xi Jiang, the Pearl River system is China's third longest river (2,400 km, after the Yangtze River and the Yellow River), and second largest by volume (after the Yangtze). The 409,480 km² Pearl River Basin (珠江流域) drains the majority of South Central (Guangdong and Guangxi provinces), as well as parts of Southwest (Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces) in China, and Northeast of Vietnam (Cao Bằng and Lạng Sơn).
As well as referring to the system as a whole, the Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) name is also applied to a specific branch within the system. This Pearl River is the widest distributary within the delta, although considerably short. The waters that converge east of the Bei Jiang are first referred to as the Pearl River just north of Guangzhou. The Pearl River is famed as the river that flows through Guangzhou. The Pearl River's estuary, Bocca Tigris, is regularly dredged so as to keep it open for ocean vessels. The mouth of the Pearl River forms a large bay in the southeast of the delta, the Zhujiang Kou. This bay separates Macau and Zhuhai from Hong Kong and Shenzhen.
The Pearl River is named this because of all the pearl coloured shells that lie at the bottom of the river in the section that flows through the city of Guangzhou.
The Pearl River is thought to be one of the world's most polluted waterways.[2]
A 500 kV-power line, suspended from three of the tallest pylons in the world, the Pylons of Pearl River Crossing, crosses the river near its mouth.
Zhujiang Brewery, one of the three largest domestic breweries in China, is located on the Pearl River Delta within the city of Guangzhou.
Contents |
Image gallery[link]
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Pearl River at night, Guangzhou
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Humen Pearl River Bridge viewed from Zhenyuan Fort
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Zhuhai and Jiuzhou Islands, viewed from Yeli Island at Pearl River mouth
Settlements[link]
-
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
- Guilin
- Dongguan
- Foshan
- Guangzhou
- Hong Kong
- Jiangmen
- Kaiping
- Macau
- Shenzhen
- Wuzhou
- Zhaoqing
- Zhongshan
- Zhuhai
Crossings[link]
-
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
- Dongpute Bridge
- Guangzhou Bridge
- Haixinggangte Bridge
- Haiyin Bridge
- Haizhu Bridge
- Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (planned)
- Huanan Bridge
- Humen Pearl River Bridge
- Hedong Bridge
- Huangpu Bridge
- Jiangwan Bridge
- Jiefang Bridge
- Luoxi Bridge
- Necklace Bridge
- Panyu Bridge
- Pazhou Bridge
- Renmin Bridge
- Shiziyang Tunnel
- Xinguang Bridge
- Yajisha Bridge
- Zhujiang Bridge
Tributaries[link]
See also[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pearl River (China) |
References[link]
- ^ http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_5/GEO_PLATE_D-6.shtml
- ^ Made in Britain, dumped in China, The Independent, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/made-in-britain-dumped-in-china-433731.html
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Coordinates: 22°46′N 113°38′E / 22.767°N 113.633°E / 22.767; 113.633
http://wn.com/Pearl_River_(China)
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Fiume delle Perle
http://cs.wn.com/Perlová řeka
http://es.wn.com/Río Perla
http://ru.wn.com/Чжуцзян
http://nl.wn.com/Parelrivier
http://pl.wn.com/Rzeka Perłowa
http://fr.wn.com/Rivière des Perles
http://de.wn.com/Perlfluss
http://hi.wn.com/मोती नदी
http://pt.wn.com/Rio das Pérolas
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Guangzhou (disambiguation).
| Guangzhou 广州 |
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| — Sub-provincial city — | |
| 广州市 | |
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 Guangzhou
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| Coordinates: 23°08′N 113°16′E / 23.133°N 113.267°E / 23.133; 113.267Coordinates: 23°08′N 113°16′E / 23.133°N 113.267°E / 23.133; 113.267 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Guangdong |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sub-provincial city |
| • CPC Ctte Secretary | Wan Qingliang |
| • Mayor | Chen Jianhua |
| Area[1] | |
| • Sub-provincial city | 7,434 km2 (2,870 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 3,843 km2 (1,484 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 21 m (68 ft) |
| Population (2010)[2] | |
| • Sub-provincial city | 12,700,800 |
| • Density | 1,708/km2 (4,425/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 11,070,654 |
| Demonym | Guangzhouese Cantonese |
| Time zone | China standard time (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 510000 |
| Area code(s) | 20 |
| GDP[3] | 2010 |
| - Total | CN¥1060.448 billion (US$163.3 billion) |
| - Per capita | CN¥83,494 (US$12,860) |
| - Growth |  13.0% |
| Licence plate prefixes | 粤A |
| Website | gz.gov.cn |
| Guangzhou | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| "Guangzhou", as written in Simplified Chinese | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 广州 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 廣州 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cantonese Jyutping | Gwong² zau1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cantonese Yale | Gwóngjàu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Guǎngzhōu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Wide State or Capital of Guangfu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow,[4] is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port.[5] One of the five National Central Cities,[6] it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million.[7] Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.[8]
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History[link]
Guangzhou's earliest recorded name is Panyu (Chinese: 番禺; Jyutping: Pun1 Jyu4), a name borrowed from two nearby mountains anciently called Pan and Yu.[9] Its recorded history begins with China's conquering of the area during the Qin Dynasty. Panyu expanded when it became capital of the Nanyue Kingdom (南越) in 206 BC, the territory of the Nanyue Kingdom included what is now Vietnam.
The Han Dynasty annexed the Nanyue Kingdom in 111 BC and Panyu became a provincial capital and remains so today. In 226 AD, Panyu became the seat of Guang Prefecture (廣州; Guangzhou). While originally referring to prefecture only, local citizens gradually adopted the custom of using the same name for their city.[citation needed]
Although Guangzhou replaced Panyu as the name of the walled city, Panyu was still the name of the area surrounding the walled city until the end of Qing Dynasty.[citation needed]. Today, Panyu is a district of Guangzhou south of Haizhu District separated from the rest of the city by the Pearl River.
The Old Book of Tang (simplified Chinese: 唐书) described Guangzhou as important port in south of China.[10] Arab and Persian merchants arrived Guangzhou (known to them as Khanfu or Sin-Kalan) in 8th century.In that period, direct route connected Middle East and China.A Chinese prisoner, who was captured in Battle of Talas and stayed in Iraq for 12 years, returned back to China by ship in direct route from Iraq to Guangzhou.[11] Guangzhou was mentioned by various Muslim geographers in the ninth and tenth centuries, such as Al-Masudi and Ibn Khordadbeh.[12] According to a local Guangzhou government report on October 30, 758, which corresponded to the day of Guisi (癸巳) of the ninth lunar month in the first year of the Qianyuan era of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty.[13][14][15][16] The Arab historian Abu Zayd As-Sirafi mentioned Guangzhou several times in his book "As-Sirafi Journey" (Arabic: رحلة السيرافي）. As-Sirafi provides a description about daily life, food, business dealings, and justice system in the city .As-Sirafi also reports that in 878 followers of the Chinese rebel leader Huang Chao besieged the city and massacred a large number of foreign merchants resident there in the Guangzhou massacre.[17][18][19]
From the tenth to twelfth century, Persian women were to be found in Guangzhou. Multiple women originating from the Persian Gulf lived in Guangzhou's foreign quarter.[20][21][22] Some scholars did not differentiate between Persian and Arab,They call them "Dashi" (Chinese: 大食， Pinyin： Dà shí), and some say that the Chinese called all women coming from the Persian Gulf "Persian Women".[23]
The Muslim Moroccan Traveler Ibn Battuta visited Guangzhou in the 14th century in his journey around the World. He described the manufacturing process of large ships in the city.[24]
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the celebrated poet Su Shi (Shisu) visited Guangzhou's Baozhuangyan Temple and wrote the inscription "Liu Rong" (Six Banyan Trees) because of the six banyan trees he saw there. It has since been called the Temple of the 6 Banyan Trees.
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in Guangzhou by sea in 1514, establishing a monopoly on the external trade out of its harbour by 1517.[25] They were later expelled from their settlements in Guangzhou (Cantão in Portuguese), but instead granted use of Macau as a trade base with the city in 1557. They would keep a near monopoly on foreign trade in the region until the arrival of the Dutch in the early 17th century.
It is believed that the romanisation "Canton" originated from the Portuguese Cantão, which was transcribed from Guangdong. Nevertheless, because at the time of the Portuguese arrival, the capital city had no specific appellation other than Shaang2 Sheng4(省城, lit. the provincial capital) by its people, the province name was adopted for the walled city by the Europeans. The etymology of Canton, as well as the similar pronunciation with the province name Guangdong might have partly contributed to the recent confusion of Canton and Guangdong by certain English speakers. However, definitive English lexica, such as Merriam–Webster's Dictionary, American Heritage Dictionary and Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English do not list 'Guangdong' as a synonym (or variant) under 'Canton'.
After China gained control of Taiwan in 1683, the Qing government became more open to foreign trade. Guangzhou quickly emerged as one of the most suitable ports for international trade and before long ships arrived from all over the world.
The Portuguese in Macau, the Spanish in Manila, Arabs from the Middle East and Muslims from India were already actively trading in the port by the 1690s, when the French and English began frequenting the port through the Canton System.
Other companies were soon to follow: the Ostend General India company in 1717; Dutch East India Company in 1729; the first Danish ship in 1731, which was followed by a Danish Asiatic Company ship in 1734; the Swedish East India Company in 1732; followed by an occasional Prussian and Trieste Company ship; the Americans in 1784; and the first ships from Australia in 1788.
By the middle of the 18th century, Guangzhou had emerged as one of the world's great trading ports under the Thirteen Factories, which was a distinction it maintained until the outbreak of the First Opium War in 1839 and the opening of other ports in China in 1842. The privilege during this period made Guangzhou one of the top 3 cities in the world.[26] During the war, the British captured Canton on March 18, 1841. The Second Battle of Canton was fought in May 1841.
The plague epidemic – part of the Third Pandemic – have reached Guangzhou in 1894, causing the death of 60,000 people in a few weeks.[27] In 1918, the city's urban council was established and "Guangzhou" became the official name of the city.[citation needed] Panyu became a county's name to the southern side of Guangzhou.
In both 1930 and 1953, Guangzhou was promoted to the status of a Municipality, but each time promotion was rescinded within a year[citation needed].
Japanese troops occupied Guangzhou from October 12, 1938, to September 16, 1945, after violent bombings. In the city, the Imperial Japanese Army conducted bacteriological research unit 8604, a section of unit 731, where Japanese doctors experimented on human prisoners.
After the fall of the capital Nanjing in April 1949, the Nationalist government under the acting president Li Zongren relocated to Guangzhou.
Communist forces entered the city on October 14, 1949. This led the nationalists to blow up the Haizhu Bridge as the major link across the Pearl River and to the acting president's leaving for New York, whereas Chiang Kai-shek set up the capital for the Nationalist government in Chongqing again. The urban renewal projects of the new communist government improved the lives of some residents. New housing on the shores of the Pearl River provided homes for the poor boat people. Reforms by Deng Xiaoping, who came to power in the late 1970s, led to rapid economic growth due to the city's close proximity to Hong Kong and access to the Pearl River.
As labour costs increased in Hong Kong, manufacturers opened new plants in the cities of Guangdong including Guangzhou. As the largest city in one of China's wealthiest provinces, Guangzhou attracts farmers from the countryside looking for factory work. Cantonese links to overseas Chinese and beneficial tax reforms of the 1990s have aided the city's rapid growth.
In 2000, Huadu and Panyu were merged into Guangzhou as districts, and Conghua and Zengcheng became county-level cities of Guangzhou.
Geography[link]
Located in the south-central portion of Guangdong, Guangzhou spans from 112° 57' to 114° 03' E longitude and 22° 26' to 23° 56' N latitude. The city is part of the Pearl River Delta and the city centre is situated next to the Baiyun Mountain, which is locally referred to as ‘the lung of the city’ (市肺).[5][28] The total area under the city's administration is 7,434.4 square kilometres (2,870.4 sq mi), with the 10 districts occupying 3,843.43 square kilometres (1,483.96 sq mi), or 51.7% of the total, while the two county-level cities occupy the rest.
The elevation of the prefecture generally increases from southwest to northeast, with mountains forming the backbone of the city, and the ocean comprising the front.
Climate[link]
Located just south of the Tropic of Cancer, Guangzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) influenced by the Asian monsoon. Summers are wet with high temperatures, high humidity and a high heat index. Winters are mild and comparatively dry. Guangzhou has a lengthy monsoon season, spanning from April through September. Monthly averages range from 13.6 °C (56.5 °F) in January to 28.6 °C (83.5 °F) in July, while The annual average temperature in Guangzhou is 22.6 °C (72.7 °F),[5] the relative humidity is approximately 68%, whereas annual rainfall in the metropolitan area is over 1,700 mm (67 in).[5] Extreme temperatures have ranged from 0 °C (32 °F) to 39.1 °C (102 °F).[29] The last recorded snowfall in the city was in January 1893.[citation needed]
| Climate data for Guangzhou (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) |
18.5 (65.3) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
31.5 (88.7) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.7 (90.9) |
31.5 (88.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.7 (72.9) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.0 (75.2) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 40.9 (1.61) |
69.4 (2.732) |
84.7 (3.335) |
201.2 (7.921) |
283.7 (11.169) |
276.2 (10.874) |
232.5 (9.154) |
227.0 (8.937) |
166.2 (6.543) |
87.3 (3.437) |
35.4 (1.394) |
31.6 (1.244) |
1,736.1 (68.35) |
| % humidity | 72 | 78 | 82 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 82 | 82 | 78 | 72 | 66 | 66 | 77.5 |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.5 | 11.2 | 15.0 | 16.3 | 18.3 | 18.2 | 15.9 | 16.8 | 12.5 | 7.1 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 149.2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 118.5 | 71.6 | 62.4 | 65.1 | 104.0 | 140.2 | 202.0 | 173.5 | 170.2 | 181.8 | 172.7 | 166.0 | 1,628.0 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[30] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions[link]
Main article: List of administrative divisions of Guangzhou
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1953[31] | 1,598,900 | — |
| 1964[31] | 3,031,486 | +89.6% |
| 1982[31] | 5,630,733 | +85.7% |
| 1990[32] | 6,299,943 | +11.9% |
| 1995[32] | 8,117,100 | +28.8% |
| 2000[32] | 9,942,022 | +22.5% |
| 2002[32] | 10,106,229 | +1.7% |
| 2010[2] | 12,700,800 | +25.7% |
| Population size may be affected by changes on administrative divisions. | ||
Guangzhou is a sub-provincial city. It has direct jurisdiction over ten districts (区 qu) and two county-level cities (市 shi) :
| Map | # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census)[2] |
Area (km2)[1] |
Density (/km2)[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||||||
| Central districts | 7,727,163 | 1,166.37 | 6,625 | ||||
| 1 | Yuexiu District | 越秀区 | Yuèxiù Qū | 1,157,277 | 33.80 | 34,239 | |
| 2 | Liwan District | 荔湾区 | Lìwān Qū | 898,204 | 59.10 | 15,198 | |
| 3 | Haizhu District | 海珠区 | Hǎizhū Qū | 1,558,663 | 90.40 | 17,242 | |
| 4 | Tianhe District | 天河区 | Tiānhé Qū | 1,432,431 | 96.33 | 14,870 | |
| 5 | Baiyun District | 白云区 | Báiyún Qū | 2,222,658 | 795.79 | 2,793 | |
| 6 | Huangpu District | 黄埔区 | Huángpù Qū | 457,930 | 90.95 | 5,035 | |
| New districts | 3,343,491 | 2,677.06 | 1,249 | ||||
| 7 | Panyu District | 番禺区 | Pānyú Qū | 1,764,869 | 786.15 | 2,245 | |
| 8 | Huadu District | 花都区 | Huādū Qū | 945,053 | 970.04 | 974 | |
| 9 | Nansha District | 南沙区 | Nánshā Qū | 259,899 | 527.65 | 493 | |
| 10 | Luogang District | 萝岗区 | Luógāng Qū | 373,670 | 393.22 | 950 | |
| County-level cities | 1,630,146 | 3,590.97 | 454 | ||||
| 11 | Zengcheng | 增城市 | Zēngchéng Shì | 1,036,731 | 1,616.47 | 641 | |
| 12 | Conghua | 从化市 | Cónghuà Shì | 593,415 | 1,974.50 | 301 | |
| Total | 12,700,800 | 7,434.40 | 1,708 | ||||
As of April 28, 2005, the districts of Dongshan and Fangcun have been abolished and merged into Yuexiu and Liwan respectively; at the same time the district of Nansha was established out of parts of Panyu, and the district of Luogang was established out of parts of Baiyun, Tianhe, and Zengcheng, plus a part of Huangpu, making an exclave next to Huangpu.
Development plan[link]
In January 2009 the National People's Congress approved a development plan for the Pearl River Delta Region. On March 19, 2009 the Guangzhou Municipal Government and Foshan Municipal Government both agreed to establish a framework to merge the two cities.[33]
Significant buildings[link]
See also: List of tallest buildings in Guangzhou
- Guangdong Olympic Stadium (广东奥林匹克体育场)
- CITIC Plaza (中信广场)
- Canton Tower (广州塔)
- Guangzhou Opera House (广州大剧院)
- Guangzhou TV Tower (广州电视塔)
- Pearl River Tower (珠江大厦)
- West Tower/Guangzhou International Finance Centre (西塔 or 广州国际金融中心)
Economy[link]
Guangzhou is the main manufacturing hub of the Pearl River Delta, one of mainland China's leading commercial and manufacturing regions. In 2009, the GDP reached ¥911.28 billion (US $133.5 billion), per capita was ¥89,498 (US $13,111).[34]
The China Import and Export Fair, also called "Canton Fair", is held every year in April and October by Ministry of Trading. Inaugurated in the spring of 1957, the Fair is a major event for the city. From the 104th session, Liuhua Complex is not in use to hold Canton Fair. All the booths have been transferred to Pazhou Complex. From the 104th session, Canton Fair has been arranged in 3 phases instead of 2 phases.
Industrial zones[link]
- Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone
- Guangzhou Nansha Export Processing Zone
The zone was founded in 2005. Its total planned area is 1.36 km2 (0.53 sq mi).[35] It is located in Nansha District and it belongs to the provincial capital, Guangzhou. The major industries encouraged in the zone include auto-mobile assembly, biotechnology and heavy industry. It is situated near to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Shenzhen Port.[35]
- Guangzhou Free Trade Zone
The zone was founded in 1992. It is located in the east of Huangpu District and located near to Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. It is situated very close to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.[36] The major industries encouraged in the zone include international trade, logistics, processing industry and computer software.
Science City[link]
Malls and pedestrian streets[link]
- 101 Dynamics
- Beijing Lu
- China Plaza
- Jiangnanxi
- Liwan Plaza
- Shangxiajiu
- Teem Plaza
- Victory Plaza
- Wanguo Plaza
- Zhengjia Square (Grandview Mall)
Transportation[link]
Public transport[link]
Guangzhou Metro[link]
Main article: Guangzhou Metro
When the first line of the Guangzhou Metro opening in 1997, Guangzhou was the fourth city in Mainland China to have an underground railway system, behind Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Currently the underground network is made up of eight lines, covering a total length of 236 km (147 mi). A long term plan is to make the city's underground system expand over 500 km (310 mi) by 2020 with 15 lines in operation.
The existing eight lines of Guangzhou Metro network:
- Line 1: Guangzhou East Railway Station–Xilang Station
- Line 2: Jiahewanggang Station–Guangzhou South Railway Station
- Line 3
- Main route: Tianhe Coach Terminal Station–Panyu Square Station via Tiyu Xilu Station
- Spur line: Airport South Station–Tiyu Xilu Station
- Line 4: Huangcun Station–Jinzhou Station
- Line 5: Jiaokou Station–Wenchong Station
- Line 8: Fenghuang Xincun Station–Wanshengwei Station
- Guangfo Line: Xilang Station–Kuiqi Lu Station
- APM: Linhexi Station–Chigang Pagoda Station
Buses, taxis and motorcyles[link]
In 2010 Guangzhou introduced the second largest Bus Rapid Transit system in use, after Bogota's TransMilenio, the Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit (or GBRT). The 22.5 km (13.98 mi) line currently handles more than 800.000 passengers per day, and has through-running with the city's wider bus system. Several future extensions are planned.
According to a report on the China Daily of July 6, 2007, all buses and taxis in Guangzhou will be LPG-fueled by 2010 to promote clean energy for transport and improve the environment.[37] At present, Guangzhou is the city that uses the most LPG-fueled vehicles in the world. As of the end of 2006, 6,500 buses and 16,000 taxis were using LPG, taking up 85% of all buses and taxis.
Effective January 1, 2007, the municipal government has banned motorcycles in urban areas. Motorcycles found violating the ban will be confiscated.[38] The Guangzhou traffic bureau claimed to have reported reduced traffic problems and accidents in the downtown area since the ban.[39]
Air transport[link]
Guangzhou's main airport is the Baiyun International Airport in Huadu District opened on August 5, 2004. This airport is also the 2nd busiest airport in terms of traffic movements in China. It replaced the old Baiyun International Airport, which was very close to the city centre and failed to meet the fast-growing air traffic demand.
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport now has two runways, with three more planned to be built.[40]
Railway transport[link]
Further information: Guangzhou Station, Guangzhou East Station, Guangzhou South Station, and Guangzhou North Station
Guangzhou is the terminus of the Jingguang railway (Beijing-Guangzhou), the Guangshen railway (Guangzhou-Shenzhen), the Guangmao railway (Guangzhou-Maoming) and the Guangmeishan railway (Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou). In late 2009, the Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway started its service, which enables multiple unit trains to cover 980 km (608.94 mi) at an average speed of 320 km/h. In January 2011, the Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway started its service at an average speed of 200 km/h (124 mph).
Intercity transport to Hong Kong[link]
Guangzhou is well connected to Hong Kong by train, coach and ferry. The Guangdong Through Train departs from the Guangzhou East railway station (广州东站) and arrives at the Hung Hom KCR station in Kowloon, Hong Kong. The route is approximately 182 km (113 mi) in length and the ride takes less than two hours. Frequent coach services are also provided with coaches departing every day from different locations (mostly major hotels) around the city.
River transport[link]
There are daily high-speed catamaran services between Nansha Ferry Terminal and Lianhua Shan Ferry Terminal in Guangzhou and the Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal, as well as between Nansha Ferry Terminal and Macau Ferry Pier in Hong Kong.
Local products[link]
- Canton Province Sculpture is legendary and includes Guangzhou Ivory Carvings, Jade Sculpture, Wood Sculpture and Olive Sculpture.
- Cantonese Enamel includes Guangzhou Colorful Pottery. It has a history of over 300 years.
- Cantonese Embroidery, namely "Yue 粤 Embroidery" (meaning literally "Guangdong embroidery")is one of the Four Famous Chinese Embroideries together with Su Embroidery, Xiang Embroidery and Shu Embroidery.
- Canton Province Bacon is the general designation of cured meat in the Guangzhou and surrounding areas.
- Zhujiang Beer (Pearl River Beer)
Culture[link]
According to the official People's Daily newspaper, Cantonese is the first language for half of the 14 million residents of the provincial capital Guangzhou, while the other half speak mainly Mandarin.[41] Other languages such as Hakka are spoken in significant numbers as well. The migrant population from other provinces of China in Guangzhou is 40 percent of the city's total population in 2008. Most of them are rural migrants and they speak only Mandarin. They have taken on many jobs that the local citizens are unwilling to do.[42]
- Cantonese
- Cantonese cuisine
- Cantonese opera
- Cantonese people
- Guangdong music (genre)
- Guangzhou Opera House
- Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra
- Xiguan
Religions[link]
Liang Fa (Leung Fat) worked in a printing company in Guangzhou in 1810 and came to know Robert Morrison (missionary) (1782-1834, a missionary sent by the London Missionary Society in Britain and the first Christian Protestant missionary in China), who translated the Bible to Chinese and needed printing of the translation. When William Milne (missionary) (1785-1822, another missionary sent by the London Missionary Society) arrived at Guangzhou in 1813 and worked with Morrison on translation of the Bible, he also came to know Liang Fa. Liang was baptized by Milne in 1816. In 1821, Liang was ordained by Morrison, thus becoming a missionary of the London Missionary Society and the first Chinese Protestant minister and evangelist.
Western Medicine was introduced to China in the 19th Century, mainly by medical missionaries sent from various Christian mission organizations, such as the London Missionary Society (Britain), the Methodist Church (Britain [43]) and the Presbyterian Church in the United States. Benjamin Hobson (1816-1873), a medical missionary sent by the London Missionary Society in 1839, set up a highly successful Wai Ai Clinic (惠愛醫館 [44] [45] in Guangzhou, China. Liang Fa, Hok Chau 周學 (also known as Lai-Tong Chau, 周勵堂) and others worked there. Liang Fa baptized Chau in 1852. The Methodist Church based in England sent missionary George Piercy [46] [47] [48] to China. In 1851, Piercy went to Guangzhou, where he worked in a trading company. In 1853, he started a church in Guangzhou. In 1877, Chau was ordained by the Methodist Church in Guangzhou, where he pastored for 39 years.
Due to the social custom that men and women should not be near to one another, the women of China were reluctant to be treated by male doctors of Western Medicine. This resulted in a tremendous need for female doctors of Western Medicine in China. Thus, female medical missionary Dr. Mary H. Fulton (1854-1927[49]) was sent by the Foreign Missions Board of the Presbyterian Church in the United States to found the first medical college for women in China. Known as the Hackett Medical College for Women (夏葛女子醫學院[50][51]), this College was located in Guangzhou, China, and was enabled by a large donation from Mr. Edward A.K. Hackett (1851-1916) of Indiana, U.S.A. The College was dedicated in 1902 and offered a four-year curriculum. By 1915, there were more than 60 students, mostly in residence. Most students became Christians, due to the influence of Dr. Fulton. The College was officially recognized, with its diplomas marked with the official stamp of the Guangdong provincial government. The College was aimed at the spreading of Christianity and modern medicine and the elevation of Chinese women's social status. The David Gregg Hospital for Women and Children (also known as Yuji Hospital 柔濟醫院[52][53]) was affiliated with this College. The graduates of this College included CHAU Lee-sun (周理信, 1890-1979) and WONG Yuen-hing (黃婉卿), both of whom graduated in the late 1910s [54][55] and then practiced medicine in the hospitals in Guangdong province. At the end of 1932, the medical center involving the Hackett Medical College for Women and the David Gregg Hospital for Women and Children was put under the control of the Chinese government. Furthermore, it affiliated with Guangzhou Hospital and Lingnan University to form the Sun Yat-Sen Medical College in 1936.
Huaisheng Mosque is among the oldest mosques in China.[56] Buddhism has remained the most influential religion in the life of Guangzhou people.[57]
Guangzhou has a Jewish community, Guangzhou Buddhist Association, and Guangzhou Daoist Association.[58][59] There is official pressure against underground, non-registered churches in Guangzhou.[60]
Eight Sights of Guangzhou[link]
Main article: Eight Sights of Guangzhou
The Eight Sights of Guangzhou are the 8 most famous tourist attractions listed by rulers in different ages. The followings are those chosen through public appraisal and brought out in 2011.
- Ta Yao Xin Cheng
| Guangzhou | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 塔耀新城 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Tower Shining Through The New Town | ||||||
|
|||||||
: Canton Tower, Chigang Pagoda, Haixinsha, Flower City Square, Twin Towers, CITIC Plaza and etc.
- Zhu Shui Liu Guang
| Guangzhou | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 珠水流光 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Pearl River Flowing and Shining | ||||||
|
|||||||
: Pearl River (segment from Bai'etan to Pazhou), Wharves, Bai'etan, Shamian Island, Yanjiang Lu, Ersha Island, Haixinsha, Guangzhou Convention and Exhibition Center and etc.
- Yun Shan Die Cui
| Guangzhou | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 云山叠翠 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Baiyun Mountain Green and In Arranged Well | ||||||
|
|||||||
: Baiyun Mountain, Yuntai Garden and etc.
- Yue Xiu Feng Hua
| Guangzhou | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 越秀风华 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Elegance and Talent of Yuexiu Mountain | ||||||
|
|||||||
: Yuexiu Mountain, Zhenhai Tower, Five Rams Statue, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Monument and etc.
- Gu Ci Liu Fang
| Guangzhou | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 古祠流芳 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Ancient Academy Leaving A Good Name | ||||||
|
|||||||
: Chen Clan Academy and Guangdong Folk Craftwork Museum
- Li Wan Sheng Jing
| Guangzhou | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 荔湾胜景 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Wonderful Scenery of Liwan | ||||||
|
|||||||
: Litchi Bay, Liwan Lake, Arcades on Enning Lu, Xiguan Residences and etc.
- Ke Cheng Jin Xiu
| Guangzhou | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 科城锦绣 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Science City as Splendid as Brocade | ||||||
|
|||||||
- Shi Di Chang Wan
| Guangzhou | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 湿地唱晚 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Wetland Singing at Night | ||||||
|
|||||||
Parks and gardens[link]
- Baiyun Mountain (白云山), literally "White Cloud Mountain"
- Yuexiu Park (越秀公园)
- Renmin Park (人民公园), or "People's Park"
- Luhu Park (麓湖公园)
- Dongshanhu Park (东山湖公园)
- Liuhuahu Park (流花湖公园)
- Liwanhu Park (荔湾湖公园)
- Yuntai Garden (云台花园)
- Martyrs' Park (广州起义烈士陵园)
- Zhujiang Park (珠江公园)
- South China Botanical Garden (华南植物园)
Tourist attractions[link]
Guangzhou has a humid, hot sub-tropical climate. The annual average temperature is 21.8 ºC. Autumn, from October to December, is very moderate, cool and windy, and is the best travel time.[61] There are many tourist attractions around the city which include:
- Xiguan (西关)
- Chen Clan Academy/Chan Clan Ancestral Hall (陈氏书院/陈家祠)
- Shamian Island/Shameen Island (沙面岛)
- Guangdong Provincial Museum (广东省博物馆)
- Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King (西汉南越王博物馆)
- Temple of the Six Banyan Trees (六榕寺)
- Sacred Heart Cathedral/Stone House (石室圣心大教堂)
- Huaisheng Mosque (怀圣寺)
- Temple of Bright Filial Piety (光孝寺)
- Chime-Long Paradise (长隆欢乐世界)
- Chime-Long WaterPark (长隆水上乐园)
- Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute (广州市农民运动讲习所)
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (中山纪念堂)
|
Media[link]
Guangzhou has two local radio stations: the provincial Radio Guangdong and the municipal Radio Guangzhou. Together they broadcast in more than a dozen channels. The primary language of both radio stations is Cantonese. Traditionally only one channel of Radio Guangdong is dedicated to Mandarin (Putonghua), however in recent years there has been an increase in Mandarin programmes in most Cantonese channels. Radio stations from cities around Guangzhou mainly broadcast in Cantonese, and these programmes can be received in different areas of the city, depending on the radio stations' locations and transmission power. On the other hand, the Beijing based China National Radio broadcasts Mandarin programmes in the city. Radio Guangdong produces a 15 minute weekly English programme, Guangdong Today, which is broadcast globally through the WRN Broadcast. Daily English news programmes are also broadcasted by Radio Guangdong.
Guangzhou has some of the best Chinese-language newspapers and magazines in mainland China, most of which are published by three big newspaper companies in the city. The Guangzhou Daily Press Group, Nanfang Press Corporation and Yangcheng Evening News Group dominate the newspaper market of Guangdong Province. The two leading newspapers of the city are Guangzhou Daily and Southern Metropolis Daily. Guangzhou Daily, with a circulation of 1.8 million, has been China's most successful newspaper for 14 years in terms of advertising revenue while Southern Metropolis Daily is considered one of the most liberal newspapers in mainland China. In addition to Guangzhou's Chinese-language publications, there are a few English magazines and newspapers, most notably that's PRD (formerly that's Guangzhou) which was started more than a decade ago and has since blossomed into one of China's leading expat magazines with issues in Beijing, Shanghai and formerly Suzhou.
Education[link]
Main article: List of universities and colleges in Guangdong
Higher educational institutes[link]
File:Sun Yat-sen University.JPG
Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science, Sun Yat-sen University
Universities and colleges
- Sun Yat-sen University (中山大学) (founded in 1924)
- Southern Medical University (南方医科大学) (founded in 1951)
- South China University of Technology (华南理工大学)
- Jinan University (暨南大学) (founded in 1906)
- South China Normal University (华南师范大学)
- South China Agricultural University (华南农业大学) (founded in 1909)
- Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (广东外语外贸大学)
- Guangdong University of Technology (广东工业大学)
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (广东药学院)
- Guangdong University of Business Studies (广东商学院)
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (广州中医药大学)
- Guangzhou University (广州大学)
- Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (广州美术学院)
- Xinghai Conservatory of Music (星海音乐学院)
- Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University (广东技术师范学院)
- Guangzhou Sports University (广州体育学院)
- Guangzhou Medical College (广州医学院)
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering (仲恺农业工程学院)
- Guangdong University of Finance (广东金融学院)
- Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology (广东省科技干部学院)
Note: Institutes without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre[link]
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre also known as Guangzhou University Town is a large university complex located in the southeast suburbs of Guangzhou. This huge higher education centre occupies the entire Xiaoguwei island in Panyu District, covering an area of about 18 square kilometres. It houses new campuses from ten universities, nine of which still maintain their old campuses in downtown Guangzhou. The whole Higher Education Mega Centre can eventually accommodate up to 200,000 students, 20,000 teachers and 50,000 staff.[63]
Higher education institutions with campuses in the Mega Centre:
- Sun Yat-sen University (中山大学)
- South China University of Technology (华南理工大学)
- South China Normal University (华南师范大学)
- Guangdong University of Technology (广东工业大学)
- Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (广东外语外贸大学)
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (广州中医药大学)
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (广东药学院)
- Guangzhou University (广州大学)
- Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (广州美术学院)
- Xinghai Conservatory of Music (星海音乐学院)
Sports[link]
In 2010, Guangzhou hosted the 16th Asian Games from November 12 to 27 and the first Asian Para Games from December 12 to 19, which were the largest sports events the city ever hosted.
Guangzhou also hosted the following major sports events:
- 1987 The 6th National Games of the People's Republic of China
- 1991 The 1st FIFA Women's World Cup
- 2001 The 9th National Games of the People's Republic of China
- 2007 The 8th National Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities of the People's Republic of China
- 2008 The 49th World Table Tennis Championships
Current professional sports clubs (football and basketball) based in Guangzhou include:
| Sport | League | Tier | Club | Stadium |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Football | Chinese Super League | 1st | Guangzhou Evergrande | Tianhe Stadium |
| Football | Chinese Super League | 1st | Guangzhou R&F | Yuexiushan Stadium |
| Football | China League One | 2nd | Guangdong Sunray Cave | Guangdong Provincial People's Stadium |
| Basketball | National Basketball League | 2nd | Guangzhou Freemen | Tianhe Stadium |
| Basketball | National Basketball League | 2nd | Guangzhou Six-rice | Huangpu Stadium |
| Volleyball | Chinese Volleyball League | 1st | Guangdong Evergrande Women's Volleyball Club | Guangzhou Sport University |
| Baseball | China Baseball League | 1st | Guangdong Leopards | Guangdong Olympic Stadium |
International relations[link]
Sister cities[link]
Guangzhou is twinned with the following cities:[64]
| Country | City | Geographical location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
 Japan |
Fukuoka | Fukuoka | May 2, 1979 |
 United States |
Los Angeles | California | December 8, 1981 |
 Philippines |
Manila | Metro Manila | November 5, 1982 |
 Canada |
Vancouver | British Columbia | March 27, 1985 |
 Australia |
Sydney | New South Wales | May 12, 1986 |
 Italy |
Bari | Bari | November 12, 1986 |
 France |
Lyon | Rhône | January 19, 1988 |
 Germany |
Frankfurt | Hessen | April 11, 1988 |
 New Zealand |
Auckland | Auckland | February 17, 1989 |
 South Korea |
Gwangju | Metropolitan city | October 25, 1996 |
 Sweden |
Linköping | Östergötland | November 24, 1997 |
 South Africa |
Durban | KwaZulu-Natal | July 17, 2000 |
 United Kingdom |
Bristol | England | May 23, 2001 |
 Russia |
Yekaterinburg | Sverdlovsk | July 10, 2002 |
 Peru |
Arequipa | Arequipa | October 27, 2004 |
 Indonesia |
Surabaya | East Java | December 21, 2005 |
 Lithuania |
Vilnius | Vilnius | October 12, 2006 |
| United Kingdom |
Birmingham | England | December 4, 2006 |
 Sri Lanka |
Hambantota | Hambantota | February 27, 2007 |
 Brazil |
Recife | Pernambuco | October 22, 2007 |
 Finland |
Tampere | Pirkanmaa | December 2, 2008 |
 Thailand |
Bangkok | Bangkok | November 13, 2009 |
Friendship cities[link]
Guangzhou has the following friendship cities:[65]
| Country | City | Geographical location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil |
Salvador | Bahia | April 6, 1996 |
| Vietnam |
Ho Chi Minh City | Centrally governed city | April 11, 1996 |
| Japan |
Ōita | Ōita | October 9, 1997 |
| Russia |
Khabarovsk | Khabarovsk | October 15, 1997 |
 United Arab Emirates |
Dubai | Dubai | June 1, 2000 |
| United States |
Guam | Unincorporated organized territories | March 28, 2002 |
| Japan |
Noboribetsu | Hokkaidō | May 19, 2002 |
| Australia |
Melbourne | Victoria | April 9, 2003 |
 Egypt |
Alexandria | Alexandria | July 17, 2003 |
 Spain |
Barcelona | Catalonia | October 23, 2003 |
 Kyrgyzstan |
Bishkek | Chuy | December 1, 2004 |
 Cuba |
Havana | Havana | June 15, 2005 |
| Germany |
Düsseldorf | North Rhine-Westphalia | July 25, 2006 |
See also[link]
- Er Sha Island
- Fernão Pires de Andrade
- Rafael Perestrello
- Seamen's strike of 1922
- Africans in Guangzhou
References[link]
This article incorporates text from On the knowledge possessed by the ancient Chinese of the Arabs and Arabian colonies: and other western countries, mentioned in Chinese books, by E. Bretschneider, a publication from 1871 now in the public domain in the United States.
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- ^ تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار,ابن بطوطة,ص 398
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Further reading[link]
- Foster, Simon; Lin-Liu, Jen; Pham, Sherisse; Beth Reiber, Sharon Owyang, Lee Wing-sze, Christopher D. Winnan (2010-02-12). Frommer's China. United States: 2000–2010 by Frommer's/Wiley Publishing, Inc.. pp. 542–. ISBN 978-0-470-52658-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=1DqjMGlyY5QC&pg=PA542. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- Johnson, Graham E. (1999). Historical Dictionary of Guangzhou (Canton) and Guangdong. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-3516-0.
- Lee, Edward Bing-Shuey (1936). Modern Canton. Shanghai: The Mercury Press.
- Ng, Yong Sang (1936). Canton, City of the Rams: A General Description and a Brief Historical Survey. Canton: M.S. Cheung. ASIN B0008D1HHO.
- Shaw, Samuel; Josiah Quincy (1847). The journals of Major Samuel Shaw : the first American consul at Canton : with a life of the author. Boston: Wm. Crosby and H.P. Nichols. http://www.archive.org/details/journalsofmajors00shaw. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
- Vogel, Ezra F. (1969). Canton Under Communism: Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capital, 1949–1968. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-09475-8.
- Mrs. John Henry Gray (1880). Fourteen months in Canton. LODON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.: Macmillan and co.. pp. 444. http://books.google.com/books?id=j5EuAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved March 21, 2012. London : MACMILLAN AND Co. 1880. [The Right of Translation is reserved.] Original from Harvard University Digitized Oct 14, 2008
- John Henry Gray (1875). Walks in the city of Canton. De Souza & Co.. pp. 695. http://books.google.com/books?id=7CkYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved March 21, 2012. VICTORIA, HONGKONG : DE SOUZA & CO. 1875. Original from the New York Public Library Digitized Apr 2, 2008
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Guangzhou |
- Guangzhou International – Official website of government of Guangzhou municipality
- Guangzhou, China Network
- Guangzhou Network
- Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Tourism
- Guangzhou travel guide from Wikitravel
- Photos of Old Canton (20th century) from a Presbyterian mission near Canton also of the Sino-Japanese War
| Preceded by Nanjing |
Capital of the Republic of China (during Chinese Civil War) 1949 |
Succeeded by Chongqing |
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Guangzhou 
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http://ru.wn.com/Гуанчжоу
http://cs.wn.com/Kanton (Čína)
http://pt.wn.com/Cantão (China)
http://pl.wn.com/Kanton (Chiny)
http://hi.wn.com/ग्वांगझोउ
http://it.wn.com/Canton
http://id.wn.com/Guangzhou
http://nl.wn.com/Kanton (stad)
http://fr.wn.com/Canton (Chine)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
The China Travel Service (Chinese: 中国旅行社总社) is the tourism and travel agency of the government of the People's Republic of China. It was established on November 19, 1949 tasked with marketing China to the rest of the world and to promote and develop its tourism economy. It is a subordinate agency to the National Tourism Administration.
See also[link]
External links[link]
http://wn.com/China_Travel_Service
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Китайская туристическая служба
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Travel_Service
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
