November 2008 was the 11th month of the leap year. It began on a Saturday and ended 30 days later on a Sunday.

Portal:Current Events[link]

This is an archived version of Wikipedia's Current events Portal from November 2008.

See also[link]

• List of months by year: 2000–2050

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: November 2008

Template:Portal:Current events/Events by month

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2010)

Mark Haines (April 19, 1946 – May 24, 2011) was a host on the CNBC television network.

Early life and education[link]

Haines grew up in Oyster Bay, New York, and resided in Monmouth County, New Jersey.^[1] His alma mater was Denison University, and in 1989, the University of Pennsylvania Law School. He was a member of the New Jersey bar association.

Career[link]

Haines was a news anchor for KYW-TV in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; WABC-TV in New York City; and WPRI-TV in Providence, Rhode Island. It is reported that Cary Grant considered Haines his favorite television reporter.^[2]

In 1989, Haines joined the newly created CNBC network. Haines was the host of the CNBC TV shows Squawk Box and Squawk on the Street. Haines was on the air when news of the September 11 attacks first broke in 2001 [1]. Squawk on the Street was expanded from one hour to two on July 19, 2007, when co-anchor Liz Claman of Morning Call left to co-anchor Fox Business on the Fox Business Network. Haines also presented a financial segment prior to the market open each day on MSNBC's Morning Joe.

Haines' longtime co-anchor on Squawk on the Street was Erin Burnett. On May 6, 2011, just weeks before Haines died, she moved on to CNN.

With the loss of both prior hosts, Simon Hobbs & Melissa Lee filled in as co-anchors.

Death[link]

On May 25, 2011, Haines' wife Cindy reported that he had died at home in Marlboro, New Jersey, on the evening of May 24. He is survived by his wife, a son, and a daughter.^[3] He died of congestive heart failure due to cardiomegaly.^[4]

Just after the market opened on May 25, CNBC broadcast that Haines had died the previous evening. There was silence on the trading floor and CNBC presented a retrospective on his life and career.^[5] A special television program about his life and career aired on CNBC that evening.^[6]

Host shows[link]

• Squawk on the Street (2005–2011)
• Morning Call (2006–2007)
• Squawk Box (1995–2005)
• How to Succeed in Business

References[link]

External links[link]

• Mark Haines at the Internet Movie Database
• Mark Haines Bio on CNBC.com
• Mark Haines Facebook Memorial Page

Buzzcocks
Background information
Origin	Bolton, England
Genres	Punk rock, pop punk,[1] New Wave[2][3][4]
Years active	1976–1981 1989–present
Labels	United Artists, I.R.S., Cooking Vinyl, ROIR, EMI
Associated acts	Flag of Convenience Magazine
Website	www.buzzcocks.com
Members
Pete Shelley Steve Diggle Chris Remmington Danny Farrant
Past members
Howard Devoto Garth Mick Singleton John Maher Barry Adamson Steve Garvey Mike Joyce Tony Barber Phil Barker

Buzzcocks are an English punk rock band formed in Bolton in 1976, led by singer–songwriter–guitarist Pete Shelley and singer-songwriter-guitarist Steve Diggle.^[5]

They are regarded as an important influence on the Manchester music scene, the independent record label movement, punk rock, power pop, pop punk and indie rock. They achieved commercial success with singles that fused pop craftsmanship with rapid-fire punk energy. These singles were collected on Singles Going Steady, described by critic Ned Raggett as a "punk masterpiece".^[6] The widely covered "Ever Fallen in Love (With Someone You Shouldn't've)" remains one of their best-known songs, along with "Harmony in my Head".

The name "Buzzcocks" was chosen by Howard Devoto and Pete Shelley after reading the headline "it's the buzz, cocks!" in a review of the TV series Rock Follies in Time Out magazine. The "buzz" is the excitement of playing on stage; "cock" is Manchester slang meaning "mate" (as in friend/buddy). They thought it captured the excitement of the Sex Pistols and nascent punk scene.^[7]

Career[link]

Early years[link]

Howard Trafford, a student at Bolton Institute of Technology (now the University of Bolton), placed a notice in the college looking for musicians sharing a liking for The Velvet Underground's song "Sister Ray".^[8] Peter McNeish,^[9] a fellow student at the Institute, responded to the notice. Trafford played electronic music^[9] and McNeish had played rock.

McNeish assumed the stage name Pete Shelley, and Trafford named himself Howard Devoto, after a bus driver in Cambridge. In late 1975, Shelley and Devoto recruited a drummer and formed an embryonic version of Buzzcocks that did not perform in front of an audience and which dissolved after a number of rehearsals.^{[citation needed]} The band formed as Buzzcocks in February 1976 and performed live for the first time on 1 April 1976 at their college. Garth Davies played bass guitar and Mick Singleton played drums. Singleton also played in local band Black Cat Bone.^[10]

After reading an NME review of the Sex Pistols' first performance, Shelley and Devoto travelled to London together to see the Sex Pistols in February 1976. Shelley and Devoto were impressed by what they saw and arranged for the Sex Pistols to come and perform at the Lesser Free Trade Hall in Manchester, in June 1976. Buzzcocks intended to play at this concert, but the other musicians dropped out, and Shelley and Devoto were unable to recruit other musicians in time for the gig. Once they had recruited bass guitarist Steve Diggle and drummer John Maher, they made their debut opening for the Sex Pistols' second Manchester concert in July 1976. A brief clip of Devoto-era Buzzcocks performing The Troggs' "I Can't Control Myself" appears in the Punk: Attitude documentary directed by Don Letts. In September 1976 the band travelled to London to perform at the two-day 100 Club Punk Festival, organised by Malcolm McLaren. Other performers included: the Sex Pistols, Subway Sect, Siouxsie and the Banshees, The Clash, The Vibrators, The Damned and the French band Stinky Toys.

By the end of the year, Buzzcocks had recorded and released a four-track EP, Spiral Scratch, on their own New Hormones label, making them one of the first punk groups to establish an independent record label, trailing only The Saints' "(I'm) Stranded". Produced by Martin Hannett, the music was roughly recorded, insistently repetitive, and energetic. "Boredom" announced punk's rebellion against the status quo while templating a strident musical minimalism (the guitar solo consisting of two repeated notes). The demos recorded while Devoto was in the band were later issued officially as Time's Up. Long available as a bootleg, this album includes the alternative takes of all the tracks from the Spiral Scratch EP as well as early version of tracks that later appeared on the official debut Another Music in a Different Kitchen.

After a few months, Devoto left the group; he returned to college for a year, then formed Magazine. Pete Shelley continued as vocalist; his high-pitched, melodic singing stood in stark contrast to the gruff pub rock vocal stylings of many punk contemporaries. Diggle switched from bass to guitar, and Garth Davies rejoined on bass as Garth Smith or Garth. Garth appeared on the band’s first Radio 1 Peel Session, in September 1977, but due to his alcoholism he was quickly replaced with Steve Garvey, joining Dirty Looks in New York. This new line-up signed with United Artists Records.

Signing to United Artists[link]

Their first UA Buzzcocks single, "Orgasm Addict", was a playful examination of compulsive sexuality that was (and remains) uncommonly bold. The BBC refused to play the song, but the single sold well. Later, more ambiguous songs staked out a territory defined by Shelley's bisexuality and punk's aversion to serious examination of human sexuality. The next single, "What Do I Get?" reached the UK top 40 charts.^[11] "Lipstick", the B-side to "Promises," shared the same ascending progression of notes in its chorus as Magazine's first single, "Shot By Both Sides," also released in 1978.

	"Fast Cars" noicon Sample of "Fast Cars" by Buzzcocks, from Another Music in a Different Kitchen (1978)
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Their original career produced three LPs: Another Music in a Different Kitchen, Love Bites, and A Different Kind of Tension, each supported by extensive touring in Europe and the U.S. Their trademark sound was a marriage of catchy pop melodies with punk guitar energy, backed by an unusually tight and skilled rhythm section. They advanced drastically in musical and lyrical sophistication: by the end they were quoting American writer William S. Burroughs ("A Different Kind of Tension"), declaiming their catechism in the anthem "I Believe", and tuning in to a fantasy radio station on which their songs could be heard ("Radio Nine"). In 1980, Liberty Records signed the band, and three singles were released. However, only one of these, the double 'A' side "Why She's A Girl From The Chainstore/Are Everything" made the Top 75.

In parallel with Buzzcocks, Pete Shelley formed a more experimental and post-punk band, The Tiller Boys, along with Eric Random and Francis Cookson, while Steve Garvey joined The Teardrops in 1978, along with The Fall's Tony Friel and Karl Burns; both bands were releasing material in late 1970s and broke up at the same time as Buzzcocks.

Break-up and reunions[link]

After recording demos for a fourth album the group disbanded in 1981, when Shelley took up a solo career. Diggle and Maher formed Flag of Convenience, who released several singles between 1982 and 1989. Garvey formed Motivation and joined Blue Orchids, moving to New York, shortly afterwards, to continue with the first band. Maher had joined Wah! by the time Buzzcocks broke up. Shelley and Devoto teamed up in 2002 for the first time since 1976, producing the album Buzzkunst, 'Kunst' being the German word for 'Art'. The album was a mix of electronic music and punk.

John Maher now owns and runs John Maher Racing, a vintage Volkswagen performance tuning workshop located on the Isle of Harris, Scotland.^[12] He has built and raced several Volkswagen Beetles. In 2005, Shelley re-recorded "Ever Fallen In Love" with an all-star group, including Roger Daltrey, David Gilmour, Peter Hook, Elton John, Robert Plant and several contemporary bands, as a tribute to John Peel. Proceeds went to Amnesty International. Shelley also performed the song live, with Plant, Daltrey, Gilmour, Hook and Jeff Beck at the 2005 UK Music Hall of Fame.^[13]

Buzzcocks have reformed several times since 1989, featuring Shelley and Diggle with other musicians; initially with Maher and Garvey for a world tour, then briefly replacing Maher with Smiths drummer Mike Joyce. In 1992, Tony Barber joined on bass and Phil Barker on drums. This line-up toured on one of Nirvana's last-ever tours in 1994. Buzzcocks toured as the opener for Pearl Jam in 2003. In April 2006, Barker left and was replaced by Danny Farrant. In March 2006, the band released their eighth studio album, Flat-Pack Philosophy, on Cooking Vinyl Records, the supporting tour found them playing on a leg of the mid-2006 Vans Warped Tour.

They made an appearance for Maxïmo Park's homecoming gig in Newcastle upon Tyne on 15 December 2007.

In April 2008, Barber left and was replaced by Chris Remmington.

In January 2009 the band embarked on a UK and European tour, the "Another Bites Tour", in which they played their first two albums in full, as well as an encore of their other hits.^[14]

In July 2009, Buzzcocks played in Serbia for the second time, at the EXIT festival in Novi Sad. Their song, "Why Can't I Touch It" was played in the second episode of the sixth season of TV series Entourage.

On 9 November 2009, Buzzcocks gave a very rare performance on a small balcony overlooking Dame Street in Dublin, for the music viral show BalconyTV.^[15]

In December 2009 they played as the main support act for The Courteeners.^[16]

In August 2011 they headlined the first night of The Rhythm Festival in Bedfordshire.

In November 2011 it was announced they would be playing two shows in 2012 that will feature the original line-up as well as the classic line-up of the band reunited for the first time in many years; these shows will take place on 25 May 2012 in Manchester at the O2 Apollo and on 26 May in Brixton at the O2 Academy. It was announced on the 26th of May 2012 that they'll will for the first time ever headline Thursday night in the Empress Ballroom at the Rebellion Festival in Blackpool sharing the stage with the likes of Rancid, Public Image Limited and Social Distortion.^[17]

TV show title[link]

Buzzcocks' name was combined with the title of the Sex Pistols' album Never Mind the Bollocks to create the title of the long-running UK comedy panel game show Never Mind the Buzzcocks. Diggle claimed in his autobiography that he and Shelley had only granted the BBC use of their name under the impression that it would be a one-off, probably unsuccessful pilot, and that they are now mildly disgruntled that the name is more readily associated in Britain with the TV series than with their band.^[18] Shelley himself appeared on the programme in 2000, where host Mark Lamarr introduced Shelley by saying that without Buzzcocks "there'd be no Smiths or Radiohead, and this show would be called Never Mind Joan Armatrading!"

Members[link]

Current band photo, at the Cropredy Festival, 13 August 2009 Photo: Brian Marks

Discography[link]

• Another Music in a Different Kitchen (1978)
• Love Bites (1978)
• A Different Kind of Tension (1979)
• Trade Test Transmissions (1993)
• All Set (1996)
• Modern (1999)
• Buzzcocks (2003)
• Flat-Pack Philosophy (2006)

Notes[link]

External links[link]

	Book: Buzzcocks
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

• Official website
• Buzzcocks at Allmusic

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Buzzcocks

Diego Maradona

Diego Maradona in 2010
Personal information
Full name	Diego Armando Maradona
Date of birth	(1960-10-30) 30 October 1960 (age 51)
Place of birth	Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Height	1.65 m (5 ft 5 in)
Playing position	Second Striker/Attacking Midfielder
Youth career
1968–1969	Estrella Roja
1970–1974	Los Cebollitas
1975-1976	Argentinos Juniors
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
1976–1981	Argentinos Juniors	167	(115)
1981–1982	Boca Juniors	40	(28)
1982–1984	Barcelona	36	(22)
1984–1991	Napoli	259	(115)
1992–1993	Sevilla	26	(5)
1993–1994	Newell's Old Boys	5	(0)
1995–1997	Boca Juniors	30	(7)
Total		492	(258)
National team
1977–1994	Argentina	91	(34)
Teams managed
1994	Mandiyú de Corrientes
1995	Racing Club
2008–2010	Argentina
2011–	Al Wasl
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only. † Appearances (Goals).

Diego Armando Maradona Franco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdjeɣo maɾaˈðona]; born 30 October 1960) is a retired Argentine football player, and current manager of Al Wasl FC in Dubai. Many experts, football critics, former and current players consider Maradona the greatest football player of all time.^[1][2][3][4] He won FIFA Player of the Century award which was to be decided by votes on their official website, their official magazine and a grand jury.

He is the only player in football history who set world-record contract fees twice. The first, when he was transferred to Barcelona for a then world record £5m and the second, when he was transferred to Napoli for another record fee £6.9m. Over the course of his professional club career Maradona played for Argentinos Juniors, Boca Juniors, Barcelona, Napoli, Sevilla and Newell's Old Boys. In his international career, playing for Argentina, he earned 91 caps and scored 34 goals.

He played in four FIFA World Cup tournaments, including the 1986 tournament, where he captained Argentina and led them to their victory over West Germany in the final, winning the Golden Ball award as the tournament's best player. In that same tournament's quarterfinal round, he scored both goals in a 2–1 victory over England that entered football history, though for two different reasons. The first goal was via an unpenalized handball known as the "Hand of God", while the second goal followed a 60 m (66 yd) dribble past five England players, voted "The Goal of the Century" by FIFA.com voters in 2002.^[5]

Maradona is considered one of the sport's most controversial and newsworthy figures. He was suspended from football for 15 months in 1991 after failing a drug test, for cocaine, in Italy, and he was sent home from the 1994 World Cup in the USA after testing positive for ephedrine. After retiring from playing on his 37th birthday in 1997,^[6] he gained weight, suffered ill health and the effects of cocaine use. In 2005, a stomach stapling operation helped control his weight gain, and he overcame his cocaine addiction. His outspoken manners have sometimes put him at odds with journalists and sport executives. Although he had little managerial experience, he became head coach of the Argentina national team in November 2008, and held the job for eighteen months, until his contract expired after the 2010 World Cup.

Early years[link]

Maradona was born in Lanús, but raised in Villa Fiorito, a shantytown on the southern outskirts of Buenos Aires,^[7] to a poor family that had moved from Corrientes Province. He was the first son after three daughters. He has two younger brothers, Hugo (el Turco) and Eduardo (Lalo), both of whom were also professional football players. Maradona has Italian and indigenous ancestry.^[8]

At age 10, Maradona was spotted by a talent scout while he was playing in his neighborhood club Estrella Roja. He became a staple of Los Cebollitas (The Little Onions), the junior team of Buenos Aires's Argentinos Juniors. As a 12-year-old ball boy, he amused spectators by showing his wizardry with the ball during the halftime intermissions of first division games.^[9]

Club career[link]

Argentinos Juniors and Boca Juniors[link]

Diego Maradona's debut for Argentinos Juniors against Talleres de Córdoba, 1976.

On 20 October 1976, Maradona made his professional debut with Argentinos Juniors, ten days before his sixteenth birthday.^[6] He played there between 1976 and 1981, scoring 115 goals in 167 appearances before his £1m transfer to Boca Juniors. Having joined the Boca squad midway through the 1981 season, Maradona played through 1982 earning his first league championship medal. Whilst playing for Argentinos Juniors, English club Sheffield United put in an offer of £180,000 for his services but the bid was rejected.

FC Barcelona[link]

Maradona playing for Boca Juniors in 1981.

After the 1982 World Cup, in June, Maradona was transferred to Barcelona in Spain for a then world record £5m.^[6] In 1983, under coach César Luis Menotti, Barcelona and Maradona won the Copa del Rey (Spain's annual national cup competition), beating Real Madrid, and the Spanish Super Cup, beating Athletic de Bilbao. However, Maradona had a difficult tenure in Barcelona.^[10] First a bout with hepatitis, then a broken ankle caused by an ill-timed tackle by Athletic's Andoni Goikoetxea threatened with jeopardizing Maradona's career,^[6] but after treatment and therapy it was possible for him to soon be back on the pitch. At Barcelona, Maradona got into frequent disputes with the team's directors, especially club president Josep Lluís Núñez, culminating with a demand to be transferred out of Camp Nou in 1984. He was transferred to Napoli in Italy's Serie A for another record fee, £6.9m.

Napoli[link]

At Napoli, Maradona reached the peak of his professional career. He quickly became an adored star among the club's fans, and in his time there he elevated the team to the most successful era in its history. Led by Maradona, Napoli won their only Serie A Italian Championships in 1986/87 and 1989/1990, placing second in the league twice, in 1987/88 and 1988/89. Other honors during the Maradona era at Napoli included the Coppa Italia in 1987, (second place in the Coppa Italia in 1989), the UEFA Cup in 1989 and the Italian Supercup in 1990. Maradona was the top scorer in Serie A in 1987/88.

During his time in Italy, Maradona's personal problems increased. His cocaine use continued, and he received US $70,000 in fines from his club for missing games and practices, ostensibly because of 'stress'.^[11] He faced a scandal there regarding an illegitimate son; and he was also the object of some suspicion over an alleged friendship with the Camorra.^{[12][13][14][15][16]}

Later on, in honor of Maradona and his achievements during his career at Napoli, the #10 jersey of Napoli was officially retired.^[17]

Sevilla, Newell's Old Boys and Boca Juniors[link]

After serving a 15-month ban for failing a drug test for cocaine, Maradona left Napoli in disgrace in 1992. Despite interest from Real Madrid of Spain and Olympique Marseille of France, he signed for Sevilla of Spain, where he stayed for one year.^[18]

In 1993 he played for Newell's Old Boys and in 1995 he returned to Boca Juniors for two years.^[6]

Maradona also appeared for Tottenham Hotspur in a friendly match against Internazionale, shortly before the 1986 world cup. The match was Osvaldo Ardiles' testimonial, who insisted his friend Maradona played, which Tottenham won 2–1. He played alongside Glenn Hoddle, who gave up his number ten shirt for the Argentine. Maradona would go on to dribble past Hoddle during his "goal of the century" against England in the World Cup that year.

International career[link]

Maradona and the Youth World Cup trophy in 1979.

Along with his time at Napoli, international football is where Maradona found his fame. Playing for the Albicelestes of the Argentina national football team, he participated in four consecutive FIFA World Cup tournaments, leading Argentina to victory in 1986 and to second place in 1990.

He made his full international debut at age 16, against Hungary on 27 February 1977. At age 18, he played the World Youth Championship for Argentina, and was the star of the tournament, shining in their 3–1 final win over the Soviet Union. On 2 June 1979, Maradona scored his first senior international goal in a 3–1 win against Scotland at Hampden Park.^[19] He is the only player to win the Golden Ball at both the FIFA U-20 World Cup and FIFA World Cup, in 1979 and 1986.

1982 World Cup[link]

Maradona played his first World Cup tournament in 1982. In the first round, Argentina, the defending champions, lost to Belgium. Although the team convincingly beat Hungary and El Salvador to progress to the second round, they were defeated in the second round by Brazil and by eventual winners Italy. Maradona played in all five matches without being substituted, scoring twice against Hungary, but was sent off with 5 minutes remaining in the game against Brazil for serious foul play.

1986 World Cup[link]

Diego Maradona with the World Cup obtained in 1986.

Maradona captained the Argentine national team to victory in the 1986 FIFA World Cup, winning the final in Mexico against West Germany. Throughout the 1986 World Cup Maradona asserted his dominance and was the most dynamic player of the tournament. He played every minute of every Argentina game, scored 5 goals and made 5 assists. After scoring two goals in the 2–1 quarter-final win against England his legend was cemented.

This match was played with the background of the Falklands War between Argentina and the United Kingdom and emotions were still lingering in the air throughout the entire match. Replays showed that the first goal was scored by striking the ball with his hand. Maradona was coyly evasive, describing it as "a little with the head of Maradona and a little with the hand of God." It became known as the "Hand of God". Ultimately, on 22 August 2005 Maradona acknowledged on his television show that he had hit the ball with his hand purposely, and that he immediately knew the goal was illegitimate. This became known as an international fiasco in World Cup history. The goal stood, much to the wrath of the English players.^[20]

Maradona's second goal, just four minutes after the hotly disputed hand-goal, was later voted by FIFA as the greatest goal in the history of the World Cup. He received the ball in his own half, swivelled around, and with 11 touches ran more than half the length of the field, dribbling past five English outfield players (Peter Beardsley, Steve Hodge, Peter Reid, Terry Butcher, and Terry Fenwick) and goalkeeper Peter Shilton. This goal was voted "Goal of the Century" in a 2002 online poll conducted by FIFA.^[22]

Maradona followed this with two more goals in the semi-final against Belgium, including another virtuoso dribbling display for the second goal. In the final, the opposing West German side attempted to contain him by double-marking, but he nevertheless found the space to give the final pass to Jorge Burruchaga for the winning goal. Argentina beat West Germany 3–2 in front of 115,000 spectators at the Azteca Stadium.

During the course of the tournament, Maradona attempted or created more than half of Argentina's shots, embarked on 90 dribbles some three times more than any other player and was fouled 53 times winning his team twice as many free kicks as any player.^[23][24] Maradona also scored or assisted 10 of Argentina's 14 goals and despite being heavily marked during the final played a crucial part in all three winning goals ensuring that he would be remembered as one of the greatest names in football history.^[25][26][27]

By the end of the tournament, Maradona went on winning the Golden Ball as the best player of the tournament by a unanimous vote and was widely regarded to have won the World Cup virtually single-handedly.^{[28][29][30][31]} In a tribute to him, the Azteca Stadium authorities also built a statue of him scoring the "goal of the century" and placed it at the entrance of the stadium.^[32]

1990 World Cup[link]

Maradona captained Argentina again in the 1990 FIFA World Cup to yet another World Cup Final. An ankle injury affected his overall performance, and he was much less dominant than four years earlier. Argentina was almost eliminated in the first round, only qualifying in third position from their group. In the round of 16 match against Brazil, Claudio Caniggia scored the only goal after being set up by Maradona.

In the quarter final, Argentina faced Yugoslavia, the match ending 0–0 after 120 minutes, and Argentina advancing on penalty kicks, despite Maradona missing one of the penalties in the shootout with a weak shot at the centre of the goal. The semifinal against the host nation Italy was also resolved on penalties after a 1–1 draw; this time, Maradona was successful with his effort, daringly placing the ball at exactly the same spot as his missed penalty in the previous round. In the final, Argentina lost 1–0 to West Germany, the only goal being a penalty by Andreas Brehme in the 85th minute after a controversial foul on Rudi Völler.

1994 World Cup[link]

At the 1994 FIFA World Cup Maradona played in only two games, scoring one goal against Greece, before being sent home after failing a drug test for ephedrine doping. In his autobiography, Maradona argued that the test result was due to his personal trainer giving him the power drink Rip Fuel. His claim was that the U.S. version, unlike the Argentine one, contained the chemical and that, having run out of his Argentine dosage, his trainer unwittingly bought the U.S. formula. FIFA expelled him from USA '94 and Argentina were subsequently eliminated in the second round. Maradona has also separately claimed that he had an agreement with FIFA, on which the organization reneged, to allow him to use the drug for weight loss before the competition in order to be able to play.^[33] According to Maradona, this was so that the World Cup would not lose prestige because of his absence. This allegation has never been proven.

His failed drugs test at the 1994 World Cup signaled the end of his international career, which had lasted 17 years and yielded 34 goals from 91 games.

Playing style[link]

Maradona had a compact physique and could withstand physical pressure well. His strong legs and low center of gravity gave him an advantage in short sprints. His physical strengths were illustrated by his two goals against Belgium in the 1986 World Cup. Maradona was a strategist and a team player, as well as highly technical with the ball. He could manage himself effectively in limited spaces, and would attract defenders only to quickly dash out of the melee (as in the second 1986 goal against England),^[34] or give an assist to a free teammate. Being short, but strong, he could hold the ball long enough with a defender on his back to wait for a teammate making a run or to find a gap for a quick shot.

One of Maradona's trademark moves was dribbling full-speed on the right wing, and on reaching the opponent's goal line, delivering accurate passes to his teammates. Another trademark was the Rabona, a reverse-cross pass shot behind the leg that holds all the weight. This maneuver led to several assists, such as the powerful cross for Ramón Díaz's header in the 1980 friendly against Switzerland. He was also a dangerous free kick taker.

Maradona was dominantly left-footed, often using his left foot even when the ball was positioned more suitably for a right-footed connection. His first goal against Belgium in the 1986 World Cup semi-final is a worthy indicator of such; he had run into the inside right channel to receive a pass but let the ball travel across to his left foot, requiring more technical ability. During his run past several England players in the previous round for the "Goal of the Century", he did not use his right foot once, despite spending the whole movement on the right-hand side of the pitch. In the 1990 World Cup second round tie against Brazil, he did use his right foot to set up the winning goal for Caniggia due to two Brazilian markers forcing him into a position that made use of his left foot less practical.

Retirement and honours[link]

Diego Maradona's blaugrana shirt at display in FC Barcelona Museum.

Hounded for years by the press, Maradona once fired a compressed-air rifle at reporters who he claimed were invading his privacy. This quote from former teammate Jorge Valdano summarizes the feelings of many:

He is someone many people want to emulate, a controversial figure, loved, hated, who stirs great upheaval, especially in Argentina... Stressing his personal life is a mistake. Maradona has no peers inside the pitch, but he has turned his life into a show, and is now living a personal ordeal that should not be imitated. ^[35]

In 2000, Maradona published his autobiography Yo Soy El Diego ("I am The Diego"), which became an instant bestseller^[36] in his home country. Two years later, Maradona donated the Cuban royalties of his book to "the Cuban people and Fidel."^[37]

In 1999, he won FIFA Player of the Century award which was to be decided by votes on their official website, their official magazine and a grand jury. Maradona won the Internet based poll by wide margins, garnering 53.6% of the votes against 18.53% for Pelé. In spite of this, and shortly before the ceremony, FIFA unexpectedly decided to add a second award and appointed a "Football Family" committee composed of football journalists that also gave to Pelé the title of best player of the century to make it a draw. Maradona also came fifth in the vote of IFFHS(International Federation of Football History and Statistics).^[38]

Maradona at the Soccer Aid friendly match in 2006, after losing weight

In 2001, the Argentine Football Association (AFA) asked FIFA for authorization to retire the jersey number 10 for Maradona. FIFA did not grant the request, even though Argentine officials have maintained that FIFA hinted that it would.^[39]

Maradona has won other fan polls, including a 2002 FIFA poll in which his second goal against England was chosen as the best goal ever scored in a World Cup; he also won the most votes in a poll to determine the All-Time Ultimate World Cup Team.

Argentinos Juniors named its stadium after Maradona on 26 December 2003.

In 2003, Maradona was employed by the Libyan footballer Al-Saadi Gaddafi, the third son of Colonel Gaddafi, as a "technical consultant", while Al-Saadi was playing for the Italian club, Perugia Calcio, which was in Serie A at the time. ^[40]

On 22 June 2005, it was announced that Maradona would return to Boca Juniors as a sports vice president in charge of managing the First Division roster (after a disappointing 2004–05 season, which coincided with Boca's centenary).^[41] His contract began 1 August 2005, and one of his first recommendations proved to be very effective: he was the one who decided to hire Alfio Basile as the new coach. With Maradona fostering a close relationship with the players, Boca went on to win the 2005 Apertura title, the 2006 Clausura title, the 2005 Copa Sudamericana and the 2005 Recopa Sudamericana.

On 15 August 2005, Maradona made his debut as host of a talk-variety show on Argentine television, La Noche del 10 ("The Night of the no. 10"). His main guest on opening night was Pelé; the two had a friendly chat, showing no signs of past differences. However, the show also included a cartoon villain with a clear physical resemblance to Pelé. In subsequent evenings, he led the ratings on all occasions but one. Most guests were drawn from the worlds of football and show business, including Zidane, Ronaldo and Hernán Crespo, but also included interviews with other notable personalities such as Fidel Castro and Mike Tyson.

On 26 August 2006, it was announced that Maradona was quitting his position in the club Boca Juniors because of disagreements with the AFA, who selected Basile to be the new coach of the Argentina national football team.^[42]

The award-winning Serbian filmmaker Emir Kusturica made a documentary about Maradona's life, entitled Maradona.

In May 2006, Maradona agreed to take part in UK's Soccer Aid (a program to raise money for Unicef).^[43] In September 2006, Maradona, in his famous blue and white number 10, was the captain for Argentina in a three-day World Cup of Indoor Football tournament in Spain.

Also in 2006, Diego Maradona was appointed as a Goodwill Ambassador of IIMSAM the Intergovernmental Institution for the use of Micro-algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition.^[44]

On 22 March 2010, Maradona was chosen number 1 in The Greatest 10 World Cup players of all time by The Times,^[45] a London based newspaper.

Managerial career[link]

Club management[link]

He attempted to work as a coach alongside former Argentinos Juniors midfield team mate Carlos Fren. The pair led Mandiyú of Corrientes (1994) and Racing Club (1995), but with little success. In May 2011 he became manager of Dubai club Al Wasl FC in the United Arab Emirates Pro-League.^[46]

International management[link]

After the resignation of Argentina national football team coach Alfio Basile in 2008, Diego Maradona immediately proposed his candidacy for the vacant role. According to several press sources, his major challengers included Diego Simeone, Carlos Bianchi, Miguel Ángel Russo and Sergio Batista.

On 29 October 2008, AFA chairman Julio Grondona confirmed that Maradona would be the head coach of the national side from December 2008. On 19 November 2008, Diego Maradona managed Argentina for the first time when Argentina played against Scotland at Hampden Park in Glasgow which Argentina won 1–0.^[47]

After winning his first three matches in charge of the national team, he oversaw a 6–1 defeat to Bolivia, equalling the team's worst ever margin of defeat. With two matches remaining in the qualification tournament for the 2010 World Cup, Argentina was in fifth place and faced the possibility of failing to qualify, but victory in the last two matches secured qualification for the finals.^[48][49]

After Argentina's qualification, Maradona used abusive language at the live post-game press conference, telling members of the media to "suck it and keep on sucking it".^[50] FIFA responded with a two month ban on all footballing activity, which expired on 15 January 2010, and a CHF 25,000 fine, with a warning as to his future conduct.^[51] The friendly match scheduled to take place at home to the Czech Republic on 15 December, during the period of the ban, was cancelled. The only match Argentina played during Maradona's ban was a friendly away to Catalonia, which Argentina lost 4–2.

At the World Cup finals in June 2010, Argentina started by winning 1–0 against Nigeria, and then defeated South Korea by 4–1, with a hat-trick from Gonzalo Higuain.^[52][53] In the final match of the group stage Argentina won 2–0 against Greece to win their the group and advance to a second round meeting with Mexico.^[54] After defeating Mexico 3–1, Argentina was in turn routed by Germany, 4–0 in the quarter finals to go out of the competition.^[55] Argentina was ranked 5th in the tournament. After the defeat to Germany Maradona admitted that he was considering his future as Argentina coach, "I may leave tomorrow," he said.^[56] On 15 July 2010, the Argentine Football Association said that he would be offered a new 4 year deal that would keep him in charge through to the summer of 2014 when Brazil stages the World Cup,^[57] however on 27 July the AFA announced that its board had unanimously decided not to renew his contract.^[58] Afterwards on 29 July 2010, Maradona claimed that AFA president Julio Grondona and director of national teams Carlos Bilardo had "lied to" and "betrayed" and effectively sacked him from the role. Saying "they wanted me to continue, but seven of my staff should not go on, if he told me that, it meant he did not want me to keep working".^[59]

Personal life[link]

Family[link]

His parents are Diego Maradona Snr and Dalma Salvadore Franco. His father is of Native American extraction.^[60][61] Maradona married long-time fiancée Claudia Villafañe on 7 November 1984 in Buenos Aires, and they had two daughters, Dalma Nerea (born on 2 April 1987) and Giannina Dinorah (born on 16 May 1989), by whom he became a grandfather in 2009.^[62] In his autobiography, Maradona admits he was not always faithful to Claudia, even though he refers to her as the love of his life.

Maradona and Villafañe divorced in 2004. Daughter Dalma has since asserted that the divorce was the best solution for all, as her parents remained on friendly terms. They travelled together to Napoli for a series of homages in June 2005^[63] and were seen together on many other occasions, including the Argentina matches during 2006 FIFA World Cup.

During the divorce proceedings, Maradona admitted he was the father of Diego Sinagra (born in Naples on 20 September 1986). The Italian courts had already so ruled in 1993, after Maradona refused to undergo DNA tests for proving or disproving his paternity. Diego Jr. met Maradona for the first time in May 2003 after tricking his way onto a golf course in Italy where Maradona was playing.^[64] Diego Sinagra is now a footballer playing in Italy.^[65]

After the divorce, Claudia embarked on a career as a theatre producer, and Dalma was seeking an acting career; she had expressed her desire to attend the Actor's Studio in Los Angeles.^[66][67]

His younger daughter, Giannina, is currently married to Manchester City striker Sergio Agüero, with whom she has a son, Benjamin, born in Madrid on 19 February 2009.

His mother, Dalma, died on 19 November 2011. Diego was in Dubai at the time, and desperately tried to fly back in time to see her, but was too late. She was 81 years old.

Drug abuse and health issues[link]

Maradona after gaining weight, March 2005

From the mid-1980s until 2004 Diego Maradona was addicted to cocaine. He allegedly began using the drug in Barcelona in 1983.^[68] By the time he was playing for Napoli he had a regular addiction, which began to interfere with his ability to play football.^[69]

Over the years following his retirement his health seriously deteriorated. On 4 January 2000, while vacationing in Punta del Este, Uruguay, Maradona had to be rushed to the emergency room of a local clinic. In a press conference, doctors stated that it was detected heart muscle damage due to "an underlying health issue". It was later known that traces of cocaine were found in his blood and Maradona had to explain the circumstances to the police. After this he left Argentina and went to Cuba in order to follow a drug rehab plan.

On 18 April 2004, doctors reported that Maradona had suffered a major myocardial infarction following a cocaine overdose; he was admitted to intensive care in a Buenos Aires hospital. Scores of fans gathered around the clinic. He was taken off the respirator on 23 April and remained in intensive care for several days before being discharged on 29 April. He tried to return to Cuba, where he had spent most of his time in the years leading up to the heart attack, but his family opposed, having filed a judicial petition to exercise his legal guardianship.

Maradona had a tendency to put on weight, and suffered increasingly from obesity from the end of his playing career until undergoing gastric bypass surgery in a clinic in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia on 6 March 2005.^[70] His surgeon said that Maradona would follow a liquid diet for three months in order to return back his normal weight.^[71] When Maradona resumed public appearances shortly thereafter, he displayed a notably thinner figure.^[72]

On 29 March 2007, Maradona was readmitted to a hospital in Buenos Aires. He was treated for hepatitis and effects of alcohol abuse, and was released on 11 April, but re-admitted two days later.^[73] In the following days there were constant rumors about his health, including three false claims of his death within a month.^[74] After transfer to a psychiatric clinic specialising in alcohol-related problems, he was discharged on 7 May.^[75]

On 8 May 2007, Maradona appeared on Argentine television and stated that he had quit drinking and had not used drugs in two and a half years.^[76]

Political views[link]

Only in recent years, Maradona has shown sympathy to left-wing ideologies. Before that he had been vocal in his support of neoliberal Argentina President Carlos Menem, and especially of his Harvard University-educated economist Domingo Cavallo. He became friends with Cuban leader Fidel Castro while receiving treatment on the island. He also has a portrait of Fidel Castro tattooed on his left leg and one of Fidel's second in command, fellow Argentine Che Guevara on his right arm.^[77] In his autobiography 'El Diego' he dedicated the book to several people and groups of people including Fidel Castro, he wrote "To Fidel Castro and, through him, all the Cuban people".^[78]

Maradona is also a supporter of Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez. In 2005 he visited Venezuela with the specific aim of meeting Chávez, who received him in Miraflores. After this meeting Maradona claimed that he had come with the aim of meeting a "great man" ("un grande" in Spanish) but he had met instead a gigantic man ("un gigante" in Spanish, meaning he was more than great).

"I believe in Chávez, I am Chavista. Everything Fidel does, everything Chávez does, for me is the best."^[79]

He has declared his opposition to what he identifies as imperialism, notably during the 2005 Summit of the Americas in Mar del Plata, Argentina. There he protested George W. Bush's presence in Argentina, wearing a T-shirt labeled "STOP BUSH" (with the "s" in "Bush" being replaced with a swastika) and referring to Bush as "human garbage".^[80][81]

In August 2007, Maradona went further, making an appearance on Chávez's weekly television show and saying: "I hate everything that comes from the United States. I hate it with all my strength." ^[82]

In December 2007, Maradona presented a signed shirt with a message of support to the people of Iran: it is to be displayed in the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs' museum.^[83]

Financial problems[link]

In March 2009 Italian officials announced that Maradona still owed the Italian government €37 million in taxes; €23.5 million of which was accrued interest on his original debt. They reported that thus far, Maradona has paid only €42,000, two luxury watches and a set of earrings.^[84][85]

In popular culture[link]

Religious display of Maradona in Naples

The American newspaper The Houston Chronicle wrote about Maradona:

To understand the gargantuan shadow Maradona casts over his soccer-mad homeland, one has to conjure up the athleticism of Michael Jordan, the power of Babe Ruth – and the human fallibility of Mike Tyson. Lump them together in a single barrel-chested man with shaggy black hair and you have El Diego, idol to the millions who call him D10S, a mashup of his playing number and the Spanish word for God.^[86]

In Argentina, Maradona is considered a sports hero to many. He is idolized, receiving the name of “God”. About this idolatry that exists in Argentina over Maradona, his former teammate Jorge Valdano said: "At the time that Maradona retired from active football, left traumatized Argentina. Maradona was more than just a great footballer. It was a special compensation factor for a country that in a few years lived several military dictatorships and social frustrations of all kinds". Valdano added that "Maradona offered to the Argentines way out of their collective frustration, and that's why people love him. There is a divine figure."

Ever since 1986, it is common for Argentines abroad to hear Maradona's name as a token of recognition, even in remote places.^[10] The Tartan Army sing a version of the Hokey Cokey in honour of the Hand of God goal against England.^[87] In Argentina, Maradona is often talked about in terms reserved for legends. In the Argentine film El Hijo de la Novia ("Son of the Bride"), somebody who impersonates a Catholic priest says to a bar patron: "they idolized him and then crucified him". When a friend scolds him for taking the prank too far, the fake priest retorts: "But I was talking about Maradona". He's the subject of the film El Camino de San Diego, though he himself only appears in archive footage.

Maradona was included in many cameos in the Argentine comic book El Cazador de Aventuras. After the closing of it, the authors started a new short-lived comic book titled "El Die", using Maradona as the main character.

In Rosario, Argentina, locals organized the parody religion of the "Church of Maradona". The organization reformulates many elements from Christian tradition, such as Christmas or prayers, reflecting instead details from Maradona. It had 200 founding members, tens of thousands more^[88] have become members via the church's official web site.

Many Argentine artists performed songs in tribute to Diego, like: "Maradó" by El Potro Rodrigo, "Maradona" by Andrés Calamaro, "Para siempre Diego" (Diego forever) by Los Ratones Paranoicos, "Para verte gambetear" (For seeing you dribble) by La Guardia Hereje, "Francotirador" (Sniper) by Attaque 77, "Dale Diez" (C'mon Diez) by Julio Lacarra, "Maradona blues" by Charly García, "Santa Maradona" (Saint Maradona) by Mano Negra, "Si yo fuera Maradona" (If I Were Maradona) by Manu Chao, among others.

And many films, like: Maradona, La Mano de Dios (Maradona, the Hand of God), El Camino de San Diego (Saint Diego's Road), Amando a Maradona (Loving Maradona), Maradona by Kusturica, etc.

A television commercial^[89] for Brazilian soft drink Guaraná Antarctica portrayed Maradona as a member of the Brazilian national football team, including wearing the yellow jersey and singing the Brazilian national anthem with Brazilian caps Kaká and Ronaldo. Later on in the commercial he wakes up realizing it was a nightmare after having drunk too much of the Brazilian soft drink. This generated some controversy in the Argentine media after its release (although the commercial was not supposed to air on the Argentine market, fans could see it via internet). Maradona replied that he has no problem in wearing the Brazilian national squad jersey, but that he would refuse to wear the shirt of River Plate, Boca Juniors' traditional rival.^[90]

Career statistics[link]

Club[link]

• His overall average of goals scored per match in domestic club competitions is 0.526.

International[link]

• Started in 21 consecutive matches for Argentina in four World Cups (1982, 1986, 1990, 1994)
• Appeared 16 times as captain of the national team, a World Cup-record.
• Scored 8 goals and made 8 assists in 21 World Cup appearances, including 5 goals and 5 assists in 1986
• Tied for highest goal-scorer from Argentina in World Cup finals (equaled Guillermo Stábile's mark in 1994; surpassed by Gabriel Batistuta in 1998)

Statistics[link]

Player[link]

^[91]

• Other - League Cup (Spain) & Super Cup (Italy)

^[92]

Manager[link]

Team	Nat	From	To	Record
				P	W	D	L	Win %
Mandiyú de Corrientes		January 1994	June 1994	12	1	5	6	8.33
Racing Club		May 1995	November 1995	11	2	3	6	18.18
Argentina		November 2008	July 2010	19	14	0	5	73.68
Al Wasl FC		May 2011	Present	22	7	5	10	31.82

Honours[link]

Club[link]

Boca Juniors

• Metropolitano championship: 1981

Barcelona

• Copa del Rey: 1983
• Copa de la Liga: 1983
• Supercopa de España: 1983

Napoli

• Serie A: 1987, 1990
• Coppa Italia: 1987
• UEFA Cup: 1989
• Supercoppa Italiana: 1990

Country[link]

Argentina

• • FIFA World Youth Championship: 1979
  • FIFA World Cup:
    • Winner: 1986
    • Runner-up: 1990
  • Artemio Franchi Trophy: 1993
  • 75th anniversary FIFA Cup: 1979

Individual[link]

• Golden Ball for Best Player of the FIFA U-20 World Cup: 1979
• Argentine league Top Scorer: 1979, 1980, 1981
• Argentine Football Writers' Footballer of the Year: 1979, 1980, 1981, 1986
• South American Footballer of the Year: (official award) 1979, 1980
• South American Player of the Year: (unofficial award) 1986, 1989, 1990, 1992
• Olimpia de Oro: 1979, 1986
• Italian Guerin d'Oro: 1985
• Argentine Sports Writers' Sportsman of the Year: 1986
• Golden Ball for Best Player of the FIFA World Cup: 1986
• L'Équipe Champion of Champions – 1986
• United Press International Athlete of the Year Award: 1986
• Best Footballer in the World Onze d'Or: 1986, 1987
• World Player of the Year: 1979 (Guerin Sportivo), 1986 (World Soccer Magazine)
• Capocannoniere (Serie A top scorer): 1987–88
• Golden Ball for services to football (France Football): 1996
• Argentine Sports Writers' Sportsman of the Century: 1999
• Marca Leyenda: 1999
• Number 10 retired by Napoli football team as a recognition to his contribution to the club: 2000
• Argentine Senate "Domingo Faustino Sarmiento" recognition for lifetime achievement:
• "FIFA Goal of the Century" (1986 (2–1) v. England; second goal): 2002
• FIFA Player of the Century: 2000

See also[link]

	Association football portal
	Argentina portal
	Biography portal

• New Maradona

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Diego Maradona

• Official website
• ESPN Profile
• Complete List of International Appearances and Goals
• Video: Maradona's "Goal of the Century"
• Gary Lineker interviews Diego – BBC News 30 April 2006
• Diego admires Del Piero and Lavezzi
• Maradona Wants a Soccer Project to Return to Calcutta
• 50 Facts About the Argentine Legend
• Works by or about Diego Maradona in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Images[link]

• Maradona: The Highs, the Lows – slideshow by Life magazine
• Photos: Diego Maradona's Quest for the World Cup – slideshow by TIME magazine
• Diego Maradona's Greatest 2010 World Cup Moments – slideshow by The Huffington Post

Awards and achievements v t e FIFA 100 UEFA Baggio Ballack Banks Baresi Beckenbauer Beckham Bergkamp Bergomi Best Boniek Boniperti Breitner Buffon Butragueño Cantona Ceulemans Charlton Cruyff Dalglish Dasayev Davids Del Piero Desailly Deschamps Emre Eusébio Facchetti Figo Fontaine Gullit Hagi Henry Kahn Keane Keegan Klinsmann Kluivert Kopa B. Laudrup M. Laudrup Lineker Luis Enrique Maier Maldini Masopust Matthäus Müller Nedvěd Neeskens Nesta Owen Papin Pfaff Pirès Platini Puskás Raúl Rensenbrink Rijkaard Rivera Rossi Rui Costa Rummenigge Rüştü Schmeichel Seedorf Seeler Shearer Shevchenko Stoichkov Šuker Thuram Totti Trésor Trezeguet van Basten R. van de Kerkhof W. van de Kerkhof Van der Elst van Nistelrooy Vieira Vieri Zidane Zoff CONMEBOL Carlos Alberto Batistuta Cafu Crespo Cubillas Di Stéfano Falcão Figueroa Francescoli Júnior Kempes Maradona Passarella Pelé Rivaldo Rivelino Roberto Carlos Romário Romerito Ronaldinho Ronaldo Djalma Santos Nílton Santos Saviola Sívori Sócrates Valderrama Verón Zamorano Zanetti Zico CAF Diouf Milla Okocha Abédi Pelé Weah CONCACAF Akers Hamm Sánchez AFC Hong Nakata v t e Primera División top scorers 1931: Zozaya 1932: Ferreyra 1933: Varallo 1934: Barrera 1935: Cosso 1936: Barrera 1937: Erico 1938: Erico 1939: Erico 1940: Benítez Cáceres / Lángara 1941: Canteli 1942: Martino 1943: Arrieta / Labruna / Frutos 1944: Mellone 1945: Labruna 1946: Boyé 1947: Di Stéfano 1948: Santos 1949: Simes / Pizzuti 1950: Papa 1951: Vernazza 1952: Ricagni 1953: Pizzuti / Benavídez 1954: Berni / Conde / Borello 1955: Massei 1956: Castro / Grillo 1957: Zárate 1958: Sanfilippo 1959: Sanfilippo 1960: Sanfilippo 1961: Sanfilippo 1962: Artime 1963: Artime 1964: Veira 1965: Carone 1966: Artime Met 1967: Acosta Nac 1967: Artime Met 1968: Obberti Nac 1968: Wehbe Met 1969: Machado Nac 1969: Fischer / Bulla Met 1970: Más Nac 1970: Bianchi Met 1971: Bianchi Nac 1971: Obberti / Luniz Met 1972: Brindisi Nac 1972: Morete Met 1973: Más / Curioni / Peña Nac 1973: Gómez Voglino Met 1974: Morete Nac 1974: Kempes Met 1975: Scotta Nac 1975: Scotta Met 1976: Kempes Nac 1976: Eresuma / Ludueña / Marchetti Met 1977: Álvarez Nac 1977: Letanú Met 1978: Maradona / Andreucci Nac 1978: Reinaldi Met 1979: Maradona / Fortunato Nac 1979: Maradona Met 1980: Maradona Nac 1980: Maradona Met 1981: Chaparro Nac 1981: Bianchi Nac 1982: Juárez Met 1982: Morete Nac 1983: Husillos Met 1983: Ramos Nac 1984: Pasculli Met 1984: Francescoli Nac 1985: Comas 1985–86: Francescoli 1986–87: Palma 1987–88: Rodríguez 1988–89: Dertycia / Gorosito 1989–90: Cozzoni 1990–91: González Ap 1991: Díaz Cl 1992: Scotto / Latorre Ap 1992: Acosta Cl 1993: da Silva Ap 1993: Martínez Cl 1994: Espina / Crespo Ap 1994: Francescoli Cl 1995: Flores Ap 1995: Calderón Cl 1996: López Ap 1996: Reggi Cl 1997: Martínez Ap 1997: da Silva Cl 1998: Sosa Ap 1998: Palermo Cl 1999: Calderón Ap 1999: Saviola Cl 2000: Fuertes Ap 2000: Ángel Cl 2001: Romeo Ap 2001: Cardetti Cl 2002: Cavenaghi Ap 2002: Silvera Cl 2003: Figueroa Ap 2003: Farías Cl 2004: Zárate Ap 2004: López Cl 2005: Pavone Ap 2005: Cámpora Cl 2006: Vargas Ap 2006: Zárate / Palacio Cl 2007: Palermo Ap 2007: Denis Cl 2008: Cvitanich Ap 2008: Sand Cl 2009: Sand Ap 2009: Silva Cl 2010: Boselli Ap 2010: Stracqualursi / Silva Cl 2011: Cámpora / Gutiérrez Ap 2011: Ramírez v t e Serie A top scorers 1924: Schönfeld 1925: Magnozzi 1926: Hirzer 1927: Powolny 1928: Libonatti 1929: Rossetti 1930: Meazza 1931: Volk 1932: Petrone / Schiavio 1933: Borel 1934: Borel 1935: Guaita 1936: Meazza 1937: Piola 1938: Meazza 1939: Boffi / Puricelli 1940: Boffi 1941: Puricelli 1942: Boffi 1943: Piola 1946: Castigliano 1947: V. Mazzola 1948: Boniperti 1949: Nyers 1950: Nordahl 1951: Nordahl 1952: Hansen 1953: Nordahl 1954: Nordahl 1955: Nordahl 1956: Pivatelli 1957: Da Costa 1958: Charles 1959: Angelillo 1960: Sívori 1961: Brighenti 1962: Altafini / Milani 1963: Nielsen / Manfredini 1964: Nielsen 1965: Orlando / S. Mazzola 1966: Vinício 1967: Riva 1968: Prati 1969: Riva 1970: Riva 1971: Boninsegna 1972: Boninsegna 1973: Pulici / Rivera / Savoldi 1974: Chinaglia 1975: Pulici 1976: Pulici 1977: Graziani 1978: Rossi 1979: Giordano 1980: Bettega 1981: Pruzzo 1982: Pruzzo 1983: Platini 1984: Platini 1985: Platini 1986: Pruzzo 1987: Virdis 1988: Maradona 1989: Serena 1990: van Basten 1991: Vialli 1992: van Basten 1993: Signori 1994: Signori 1995: Batistuta 1996: Signori / Protti 1997: Inzaghi 1998: Bierhoff 1999: Amoroso 2000: Shevchenko 2001: Crespo 2002: Trezeguet / Hübner 2003: Vieri 2004: Shevchenko 2005: Lucarelli 2006: Toni 2007: Totti 2008: Del Piero 2009: Ibrahimović 2010: Di Natale 2011: Di Natale 2012: Ibrahimović v t e South American Footballer of the Year 1971: Tostão | 1972: Cubillas | 1973: Pelé | 1974: Figueroa | 1975: Figueroa | 1976: Figueroa | 1977: Zico | 1978: Kempes | 1979: Maradona | 1980: Maradona | 1981: Zico | 1982: Zico | 1983: Sócrates | 1984: Francescoli | 1985: Romerito | 1986: Alzamendi | 1987: Valderrama | 1988: Paz | 1989: Bebeto | 1990: Amarilla | 1991: Ruggeri | 1992: Raí | 1993: Valderrama | 1994: Cafu | 1995: Francescoli | 1996: Chilavert | 1997: Salas | 1998: Palermo | 1999: Saviola | 2000: Romário | 2001: Riquelme | 2002: Cardozo | 2003: Tévez | 2004: Tévez | 2005: Tévez | 2006: Fernández | 2007: Cabañas | 2008: Verón | 2009: Verón | 2010: D'Alessandro | 2011: Neymar v t e Footballer of the Year of Argentina 1970: Yazalde 1971: Pastoriza 1972: Bargas 1973: Brindisi 1974: Raimondo 1975: Scotta 1976: Passarella 1977: Fillol 1978: Kempes 1979: Maradona 1980: Maradona 1981: Maradona 1982: Gatti 1983: Bochini 1984: Márcico 1985: Francescoli 1986: Maradona 1987: Fabbri 1988: Paz 1989: Alfaro Moreno 1990: Goycochea 1991: Ruggeri 1992: Islas 1993: Medina Bello 1994: Navarro Montoya 1995: Francescoli 1996: Chilavert 1997: Salas 1998: Batistuta 1999: Saviola 2000: Riquelme 2001: Riquelme 2002: Milito 2003: Tévez 2004: Tévez 2005: Messi 2006: Verón 2007: Messi 2008: Messi & Riquelme 2009: Messi & Verón 2010: Messi & Martínez 2011: Messi & Riquelme v t e FIFA U-20 World Cup - Golden Ball 1977: Bessonov 1979: Maradona 1981: Gabor 1983: Geovani 1985: Silas 1987: Prosinečki 1989: Bismarck 1991: Peixe 1993: Adriano 1995: Caio 1997: Olivera 1999: Keita 2001: Saviola 2003: Matar 2005: Messi 2007: Agüero 2009: Adiyiah 2011: Henrique v t e World Soccer Player of the Year 1982: Rossi 1983: Zico 1984: Platini 1985: Platini 1986: Maradona 1987: Gullit 1988: van Basten 1989: Gullit 1990: Matthäus 1991: Papin 1992: van Basten 1993: Baggio 1994: Maldini 1995: Vialli 1996: Ronaldo 1997: Ronaldo 1998: Zidane 1999: Rivaldo 2000: Figo 2001: Owen 2002: Ronaldo 2003: Nedvěd 2004: Ronaldinho 2005: Ronaldinho 2006: Cannavaro 2007: Kaká 2008: C. Ronaldo 2009: Messi 2010: Xavi 2011: Messi v t e FIFA World Cup winning captains 1930: Nasazzi 1934: Combi 1938: Meazza 1950: Varela 1954: Walter 1958: Bellini 1962: Mauro 1966: Moore 1970: C. Alberto 1974: Beckenbauer 1978: Passarella 1982: Zoff 1986: Maradona 1990: Matthäus 1994: Dunga 1998: Deschamps 2002: Cafu 2006: Cannavaro 2010: Casillas v t e FIFA World Cup · Golden Ball Best Player 1930: Nasazzi 1934: Meazza 1938: Leônidas 1950: Zizinho 1954: Puskás 1958: Didi 1962: Garrincha 1966: B. Charlton 1970: Pelé 1974: Cruijff 1978: Kempes Golden Ball 1982: Rossi 1986: Maradona 1990: Schillaci 1994: Romário 1998: Ronaldo 2002: Kahn 2006: Zidane 2010: Forlán Golden Ball was first awarded in 1982. v t e World Team of the 20th Century Goalkeeper Lev Yashin Defenders Carlos Alberto Torres Franz Beckenbauer Bobby Moore Nílton Santos Midfielders Johan Cruijff Alfredo Di Stéfano Michel Platini Forwards Garrincha Diego Maradona Pelé Awards and achievements Preceded by Karl-Heinz Rummenigge FIFA World Cup Silver Boot 1986 Succeeded by Tomáš Skuhravý Preceded by Preben Elkjær FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball 1990 Succeeded by Hristo Stoichkov Preceded by Steve Cram United Press International Athlete of the Year 1986 Succeeded by Ben Johnson Preceded by Hugo Porta Olimpia de Oro 1986 Succeeded by Gabriela Sabatini Sporting positions Preceded by Paolo Rossi World football transfer record 1982–1987 Succeeded by Ruud Gullit

Argentina squads v t e Argentina squad – 1979 FIFA World Youth Championship Winners (1st Title) 1 S. García 2 J. Simón 3 Alves 4 Carabelli 5 Sperandío 6 R. Rossi 7 O. Escudero 8 J. Barbas 9 R. Díaz 10 Maradona 11 G. Calderón 12 Seria 13 O. Rinaldi 14 Piaggio 15 Bachino 16 A. Torres 17 J. Meza 18 Lanao Coach: Menotti v t e Argentina squad – 1979 Copa América 1 Barbas 2 Bochini 3 Bordón 4 Castro 5 Coscia 6 Díaz 7 Fortunato 8 Gaitán 9 Gáspari 10 Larraquy 11 López 12 Maradona 13 Ocaño 14 Passarella (c) 15 Saporiti 16 Valencia 17 Van Tuyne 18 Vidallé Coach: Menotti v t e Argentina squad – 1982 FIFA World Cup 1 Ardiles 2 Baley 3 Barbas 4 Bertoni 5 Calderón 6 Díaz 7 Fillol 8 Galván 9 Gallego 10 Maradona 11 Kempes 12 Hernández 13 Olarticoechea 14 Olguín 15 Passarella (c) 16 Pumpido 17 Santamaría 18 Tarantini 19 Trossero 20 Valdano 21 Valencia 22 Van Tuyne Coach: Menotti v t e Argentina squad – 1986 FIFA World Cup Winners (2nd Title) 1 Almirón 2 Batista 3 Bochini 4 Borghi 5 Brown 6 Passarella 7 Burruchaga 8 Clausen 9 Cuciuffo 10 Maradona (c) 11 Valdano 12 Enrique 13 Garré 14 Giusti 15 Islas 16 Olarticoechea 17 Pasculli 18 Pumpido 19 Ruggeri 20 Tapia 21 Trobbiani 22 Zelada Coach: Bilardo v t e Argentina squad – 1987 Copa América Fourth Place 1 Alfaro 2 Batista 3 Caniggia 4 Dertycia 5 Brown 6 Díaz 7 Funes 8 Acosta 9 Cuciuffo 10 Maradona (c) 11 Percudani 12 Siviski 13 Garré 14 Giusti 15 Islas 16 Olarticoechea 17 Pasculli 18 Goycochea 19 Ruggeri 20 Tapia 21 Theiler 22 Bartero Coach: Bilardo v t e Argentina squad – 1989 Copa América Third Place 1 Pumpido 2 Batista 3 Alfaro Moreno 4 Balbo 5 Brown 6 Basualdo 7 Burruchaga 8 Caniggia 9 Cuciuffo 10 Maradona (c) 11 Calderón 12 Clausen 13 Díaz 14 Enrique 15 Giusti 16 Monzón 17 Ruggeri 18 Islas 19 Sensini 20 Troglio 21 Gorosito 22 Falcioni Coach: Bilardo v t e Argentina squad – 1990 FIFA World Cup Runners-up 1 Pumpido (Comizzo) 2 Batista 3 Balbo 4 Basualdo 5 Bauza 6 Calderón 7 Burruchaga 8 Caniggia 9 Dezotti 10 Maradona (c) 11 Fabbri 12 Goycochea 13 Lorenzo 14 Giusti 15 Monzón 16 Olarticoechea 17 Sensini 18 Serrizuela 19 Ruggeri 20 Simón 21 Troglio 22 Cancelarich Coach: Bilardo v t e Argentina squad – 1994 FIFA World Cup 1 Goycochea 2 Vázquez 3 Chamot 4 Sensini 5 Redondo 6 Ruggeri 7 Caniggia 8 Basualdo 9 Batistuta 10 Maradona (c) 11 Medina Bello 12 Islas 13 Cáceres 14 Simeone 15 Borelli 16 Díaz 17 Ortega 18 Pérez 19 Balbo 20 Rodríguez 21 Mancuso 22 Scoponi Coach: Basile v t e Argentina squad – 2010 FIFA World Cup 1 Pozo 2 Demichelis 3 C. Rodríguez 4 Burdisso 5 Bolatti 6 Heinze 7 Di María 8 Verón 9 Higuaín 10 Messi 11 Tévez 12 Garcé 13 Samuel 14 Mascherano (c) 15 Otamendi 16 Agüero 17 Gutiérrez 18 Palermo 19 Milito 20 M. Rodríguez 21 Andújar 22 Romero 23 Pastore Coach: Maradona