Atmosphere

Friday, 26 October 2012

Atmosphere

Atmosphere - Always Coming Back Home To You + Say Shh

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Joy Division - Atmosphere (Video)

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Atmosphere - Always Coming Back Home To You + Say Shh

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A journey through the Atmosphere

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Atmosphere - Your Glass House

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Russ Abbot's Atmosphere

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Atmosphere - Freefallin'

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Photo: White House / Pete Souza

File - President Barack Obama disembarks Air Force One upon arrival at Joplin Regional Airport in Joplin, Missouri, May 21, 2012.

Did Obama Just Play His Iran Card?

WorldNews.com

24 Oct 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling By the time President Richard Nixon told his Chinese hosts during a banquet toast, "Let us start a long march together, not in lockstep, but on different...

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Photo: Creative Commons / Neogeolegend

Kim Jong-il Funeral ceremony .Kim Jong-il died of a suspected heart attack on 17 December 2011 at 08:30 while traveling by train to an area outside Pyongyang.

N. Korean Army General Executed with Mortar for Drinking

Novosti

25 Oct 2012

MOSCOW, October 25 (RIA Novosti) - A high-ranking North Korean Army official was reportedly executed with a mortar round for drinking liquor during the 100-day...

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Photo: AP / Collin Reid

Waves, brought by Hurricane Sandy, crash on a house in the Caribbean Terrace neighborhood in eastern Kingston, Jamaica, Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012.

Hurricane Sandy growing stronger as it nears Cuba

Yahoo Daily News

25 Oct 2012

HAVANA (Reuters) - Hurricane Sandy, growing stronger over warm Caribbean waters, lashed eastern Cuba with heavy rains and rising winds on Wednesday as it bore down on the communist island after...

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Photo: AP / Khin Maung Win

Myanmar Buddhist monks march, protesting against plans to open office of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), in Yangon, Myanmar, Monday, Oct. 15, 2012.

Muslims flee Myanmar as unrest continues

New Straits/Business Times

25 Oct 2012

YANGON: A new wave of sectarian violence in western Myanmar has left five people dead and dozens injured in recent days, triggering another exodus of Muslims to emergency camps, officials said...

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Photo: U.S. Army Courtesy

Soldiers of the 6th Battalion, 2nd Brigade, 203rd Afghan National Army Corp and Soldiers of 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry Regiment, 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, conducted dismounted patrol to an outpost in Paktika Province, Afghanistan, June 21, 2012.

Whom Surges Destroy They First Make Mad

WorldNews.com

23 Oct 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling As the two armies faced each other on that fateful day, a day in which perhaps the die had already been cast, a ground swell of experienced and newly...

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Festival of love, devotion 26 Oct 2012

The Hindu Eid ul Azha or Bakrid is celebrated by Muslims the world over in memory of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) who lived about 4500 years ago. He was an embodiment of selfless sacrifice and deep devotion to God. Once dreamt as if commanded by God, he was ready even to sacrifice his only son Hazrat Ismail...(size: 2.6Kb)

Fighters, Giants ready for championship showdown 26 Oct 2012

Japan Times For the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters and Yomiuri Giants, it was business as usual on the eve of the 2012 Japan Series. Both teams practiced for about two hours apiece at Tokyo Dome in anticipation of the title series, which begins Saturday at the Giants' home park with a scheduled 6:10 p.m. start...(size: 4.9Kb)

Top tips: flash portraiture 26 Oct 2012

The Guardian Photographer Alicia Canter shares her top tips for shooting portraits with flash Street smarts … a slow shutter-speed can be useful when shooting at night. Photograph: Alicia Canter for the Guardian...(size: 2.8Kb)

Everton v Liverpool: Brendan Rodgers frustrated with referees 26 Oct 2012

BBC News Brendan Rodgers has spoken of his frustration at refereeing decisions he feels have gone against Liverpool this season. The Reds manager expressed a hope that the club's luck will change during Sunday's Merseyside derby. Everton have made the better start to the season but Rodgers believes...(size: 3.8Kb)

'Frankenstorm' cometh: Hurricane Sandy a 'Perfect Storm' for 2012? (Video) 26 Oct 2012

The Examiner Related topics News & InfofrankenstormHurricane SandyPerfect Stormhurricane forecastweather forecast Advertisement Weather forecasters call Hurricane Sandy a "Frankenstorm" that has its eye on the East Coast ahead of Halloween. The latest weather forecasts suggest a "Perfect Storm" could pound...(size: 7.4Kb)

Berlusconi lawyers attack tax fraud conviction, say will appeal 26 Oct 2012

Sun Sentinel ROME (Reuters) - SIlvio Berlusconi's lawyers fiercely criticized his conviction for tax fraud on Friday, saying they would appeal against the "incredible" verdict that sentenced him to four years imprisonment. "The sentence is absolutely incredible,"...(size: 1.6Kb)

Duke football, suddenly relevant 26 Oct 2012

Sun Sentinel Philadelphia, PA — It's been said that in the entertainment industry, you're only as popular as your most recent hit. A fickle public can turn on someone once perceived as a superstar in the blink of an eye, but in the ebb and flow world of major college sports, particularly football,...(size: 6.9Kb)

Busy Atlantic storm season tied to lack of El Nino 26 Oct 2012

MSNBC Before the beginning of this hurricane season, back in May, forecasters thought this year would be an average one. Come August, when the season typically peaks, forecasters notched up their outlook, saying the season would in fact be busier than average. Now it's October and it's been one of the...(size: 8.9Kb)

Railroads and the Unavoidable Coal Fiasco 26 Oct 2012

MSNBC The process of hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking," has led to a natural gas boom, resulting in a severe decline in demand for coal.Â In fact, for the first time in history, electricity generated by natural gas has surpassed electricity generated by coal. This poses a problem for railroads, who...(size: 6.9Kb)

Douglas Kennedy doesn't testify at his NY trial 26 Oct 2012

The News & Observer Ramon Espinosa - AP A driver maneuvers his classic American car along a wet road as a wave crashes against the Malecon in Havana, Cuba, Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012. Hurricane Sandy blasted across eastern Cuba on Thursday as a potent Category 2 storm and headed for the Bahamas after causing at least two...(size: 18.8Kb)

India-Russian Business Forum held to strengthen economic ties 26 Oct 2012

Headlines India New Delhi, Oct 26: A three-day Business Forum to strengthen economic cooperation between India and Russia as part of the "Days of Moscow in Delhi" event opened here today. Cultural, literacy and fashion events will also held during the next two days, a spokesman of the Delhi State Industrial and...(size: 2.0Kb)

Developers hope high-profile designs will move high-rise units 26 Oct 2012

Business Journal Jeff Zbar SoFla Luxe- South Florida Business Journal Email In Boca Raton, Venus Williamsâ V*Starr Interiors brought high-value name cachet to the One Thousand Ocean luxury condominium. In downtown Miami, five designers and product lines known throughout the Americas â from Steven G. to Saccaro...(size: 11.8Kb)

Prison officers 'milestone' hailed 26 Oct 2012

Belfast Telegraph The first group of new prison officers in Northern Ireland have graduated in a sign of "fundamental" change within the organisation. Twenty custody officers completed an eight-week training programme and will next week begin gaining experience in jails across the region. Justice Minister David Ford...(size: 2.0Kb)

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This article is about the general term "atmosphere". For specific information about the Earth's atmosphere, see Atmosphere of Earth.

For other uses, see Atmosphere (disambiguation).

View of Jupiter's active atmosphere, including the Great Red Spot.

An atmosphere (New Latin atmosphaera, created in the 17th century from Greek ἀτμός [atmos] "vapor"^[1] and σφαῖρα [sphaira] "sphere"^[2]) is a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass,^[3] and that is held in place by the gravity of the body. An atmosphere may be retained for a longer duration, if the gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low. Some planets consist mainly of various gases, but only their outer layer is their atmosphere.

The term stellar atmosphere describes the outer region of a star, and typically includes the portion starting from the opaque photosphere outwards. Relatively low-temperature stars may form compound molecules in their outer atmosphere. Earth's atmosphere, which contains oxygen used by most organisms for respiration and carbon dioxide used by plants, algae and cyanobacteria for photosynthesis, also protects living organisms from genetic damage by solar ultraviolet radiation. Its current composition is the product of billions of years of biochemical modification of the paleoatmosphere by living organisms.

1 Pressure
2 Escape
3 Composition
4 Structure
- 4.1 Earth
- 4.2 Others
  - 4.2.1 In the Solar System
  - 4.2.2 Outside the Solar System
5 Circulation
6 Importance
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
10 Further reading

Pressure [link]

Main article: atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area that is always applied perpendicularly to a surface by the surrounding gas. It is determined by a planet's gravitational force in combination with the total mass of a column of gas above a location. Units of air pressure are based on the internationally-recognized standard atmosphere (atm), which is defined as 101,325 Pa (or 1,013,250 dynes per cm²). One (atm) equals 14.696 pounds per square inch (psi).

The pressure of an atmospheric gas decreases with altitude due to the diminishing mass of gas above each location. The height at which the pressure from an atmosphere declines by a factor of e (an irrational number with a value of 2.71828..) is called the scale height and is denoted by H. For an atmosphere with a uniform temperature, the scale height is proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the mean molecular mass of dry air times the planet's gravitational acceleration. For such a model atmosphere, the pressure declines exponentially with increasing altitude. However, atmospheres are not uniform in temperature, so the exact determination of the atmospheric pressure at any particular altitude is more complex.

Escape [link]

Main article: Atmospheric escape

Surface gravity, the force that holds down an atmosphere, differs significantly among the planets. For example, the large gravitational force of the giant planet Jupiter is able to retain light gases such as hydrogen and helium that escape from lower gravity objects. Second, the distance from the sun determines the energy available to heat atmospheric gas to the point where its molecules' thermal motion exceed the planet's escape velocity, the speed at which gas molecules overcome a planet's gravitational grasp. Thus, the distant and cold Titan, Triton, and Pluto are able to retain their atmospheres despite relatively low gravities. Interstellar planets, theoretically, may also retain thick atmospheres.

Since a gas at any particular temperature will have molecules moving at a wide range of velocities, there will almost always be some slow leakage of gas into space. Lighter molecules move faster than heavier ones with the same thermal kinetic energy, and so gases of low molecular weight are lost more rapidly than those of high molecular weight. It is thought that Venus and Mars may have both lost much of their water when, after being photo dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen by solar ultraviolet, the hydrogen escaped. Earth's magnetic field helps to prevent this, as, normally, the solar wind would greatly enhance the escape of hydrogen. However, over the past 3 billion years the Earth may have lost gases through the magnetic polar regions due to auroral activity, including a net 2% of its atmospheric oxygen.^[4]

Other mechanisms that can cause atmosphere depletion are solar wind-induced sputtering, impact erosion, weathering, and sequestration — sometimes referred to as "freezing out" — into the regolith and polar caps.

Composition [link]

Atmospheric gases scatter blue light more than other wavelengths, giving the Earth a blue halo when seen from space.

Initial atmospheric makeup is generally related to the chemistry and temperature of the local solar nebula during planetary formation and the subsequent escape of interior gases. These original atmospheres underwent much evolution over time, with the varying properties of each planet resulting in very different outcomes.

The atmospheres of the planets Venus and Mars are primarily composed of carbon dioxide, with small quantities of nitrogen, argon, oxygen and traces of other gases.

The atmospheric composition on Earth is largely governed by the by-products of the very life that it sustains. Earth's atmosphere contains roughly (by molar content/volume) 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, a variable amount (average around 1.247%, National Center for Atmospheric Research) water vapor, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, and traces of hydrogen, helium, and other "noble" gases.

The low temperatures and higher gravity of the gas giants — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune — allows them to more readily retain gases with low molecular masses. These planets have hydrogen-helium atmospheres, with trace amounts of more complex compounds.

Two satellites of the outer planets possess non-negligible atmospheres: Titan, a moon of Saturn, and Triton, a moon of Neptune, which are mainly nitrogen. Pluto, in the nearer part of its orbit, has an atmosphere of nitrogen and methane similar to Triton's, but these gases are frozen when farther from the Sun.

Other bodies within the Solar System have extremely thin atmospheres not in equilibrium. These include the Moon (sodium gas), Mercury (sodium gas), Europa (oxygen), Io (sulfur), and Enceladus (water vapor).

The atmospheric composition of an extra-solar planet was first determined using the Hubble Space Telescope. Planet HD 209458b is a gas giant with a close orbit around a star in the constellation Pegasus. The atmosphere is heated to temperatures over 1,000 K, and is steadily escaping into space. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and sulfur have been detected in the planet's inflated atmosphere.^[5]

Structure [link]

Earth [link]

Main article: Earth's atmosphere

The Earth's atmosphere consists, from the ground up, of the troposphere (which includes the planetary boundary layer or peplosphere as lowest layer), stratosphere (which includes the ozone layer), mesosphere, thermosphere (which contains the ionosphere), exosphere and also the magnetosphere. Each of the layers has a different lapse rate, defining the rate of change in temperature with height.

Three quarters of the atmosphere lies within the troposphere, and the depth of this layer varies between 17 km at the equator and 7 km at the poles. The ozone layer, which absorbs ultraviolet energy from the Sun, is located primarily in the stratosphere, at altitudes of 15 to 35 km. The Kármán line, located within the thermosphere at an altitude of 100 km, is commonly used to define the boundary between the Earth's atmosphere and outer space. However, the exosphere can extend from 500 up to 10,000 km above the surface, where it interacts with the planet's magnetosphere.

Others [link]

Other astronomical bodies such as these listed have known atmospheres.

In the Solar System [link]

Outside the Solar System [link]

Atmosphere of HD 209458 b

Circulation [link]

Main article: Atmospheric circulation

The circulation of the atmosphere occurs due to thermal differences when convection becomes a more efficient transporter of heat than thermal radiation. On planets where the primary heat source is solar radiation, excess heat in the tropics is transported to higher latitudes. When a planet generates a significant amount of heat internally, such as is the case for Jupiter, convection in the atmosphere can transport thermal energy from the higher temperature interior up to the surface.

Importance [link]

From the perspective of the planetary geologist, the atmosphere is an evolutionary agent essential to the morphology of a planet. The wind transports dust and other particles which erodes the relief and leaves deposits (eolian processes). Frost and precipitations, which depend on the composition, also influence the relief. Climate changes can influence a planet's geological history. Conversely, studying surface of earth leads to an understanding of the atmosphere and climate of a planet — both its present state and its past.

For a meteorologist, the composition of the atmosphere determines the climate and its variations.

For a biologist, the composition is closely dependent on the appearance of the life and its evolution.

References [link]

^ ἀτμός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ σφαῖρα, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ Ontario Science Centre website
^ Seki, K.; Elphic, R. C.; Hirahara, M.; Terasawa, T.; Mukai, T. (2001). "On Atmospheric Loss of Oxygen Ions from Earth Through Magnetospheric Processes". Science 291 (5510): 1939–1941. Bibcode 2001Sci...291.1939S. DOI:10.1126/science.1058913. PMID 11239148. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/291/5510/1939. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
^ Weaver, D.; Villard, R. (2007-01-31). "Hubble Probes Layer-cake Structure of Alien World's Atmosphere". Hubble News Center. http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/07/. Retrieved 2007-03-11.

External links [link]

Properties of atmospheric strata - The flight environment of the atmosphere
Atmosphere - an Open Access journal

v t e Atmospheres

Major	Sun Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Titan Uranus Neptune Triton Pluto HD 209458 b

Tenuous	Mercury Moon Io Europa Ganymede Callisto Enceladus Dione Rhea

See also	Stellar atmosphere Coma (cometary) Extraterrestrial atmospheres

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2007)

Russ Abbot
Birth name	Russell Allan Roberts^[1]
Born	(1947-09-18) 18 September 1947 (age 64) Chester, Cheshire, England
Medium	Comedian, musician, actor
Nationality	British
Years active	1971–present
Genres	Television, stand-up
Spouse	Patricia Simpson (m. 1967) ; 4 children

Russ Abbot (born Russell Allan Roberts on 18 September 1947) is an English musician, comedian and actor who first came to public notice during the 1970s as the singer and drummer with British comedy showband the Black Abbots, later forging a prominent solo career as a television comedian with his own weekly show on British television.

Continuing his musical career as a solo artist Abbot released several charting singles and albums. Latterly his career has continued with a shift into more mainstream serious acting in television shows, series and stage productions.

1 Career
2 Personal life
3 Discography
- 3.1 Singles
- 3.2 Albums
4 Filmography
5 References
6 External links

Career [link]

As a drummer/backing singer, Abbot founded the Black Abbots in Chester during the mid-1960s and released several singles to modest chart success on minor labels in the early 1970s.^[2] The band only signed their first major recording contract in 1977, putting out a series of comedy singles and a lone live album with Abbot now taking lead vocals, before disbanding in 1980.^[3] Later on he appeared as a comedian, winning the Funniest Man On Television award five times.

From 1980 onwards, Abbot released some albums as a solo artist, and appeared in several TV series. The most successful of his music singles was called "Atmosphere", which did well in the UK top 10, peaking at No 7 in 1984.

Russ Abbot's Madhouse and The Russ Abbot Show showcased his talents as an all-round entertainer, attracting millions of viewers. This show was especially popular among younger viewers, prompting two annuals to be published in 1982 and 1983. These annuals featured comic strips based on popular characters, plus some publicity photos of Abbot in a variety of guises, including his well-known James Bond satire featuring characters named Basildon Bond and Miss Funnyfanny (based on the fictional MI6 spy duo James Bond and Miss Moneypenny).

From 2000, Abbot played the lead role in the British National Tour of Doctor Doolittle. Taking a break over the Christmas period, Russ stepped down for Phillip Schofield to take the part, but returned to the tour subsequently.

In 2003, his 'See You Jimmy' character (called C. U. Jimmy) came third in The Glasgow Herald's poll to find the most Scottish person in the world, behind Iain and Jimmy Krankie.

Abbot's theatre roles include Alfred P. Doolittle in My Fair Lady (starring Amy Nuttall) at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane and on tour; The Narrator in The Rocky Horror Show; Grandpa Potts in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang at the London Palladium and Fagin in Oliver! both in 1998 and 2009. From July 2007, he took over the role of Roger De Bris in the UK tour of Mel Brooks' The Producers. In 2008, Abbot appeared as the Tin Man in the stage production of The Wizard of Oz at the Mayflower in Southampton.

In 2008, the BBC announced that Abbot would be joining the cast of Last of the Summer Wine for the show's 30th series. He played Luther 'Hobbo' Hobdyke, who was the leader of a group consisting also of Entwistle, played by Burt Kwouk and Alvin, played by Brian Murphy.^[4] In 2008 he guest starred in The Sarah Jane Adventures episode 'Secrets of the Stars' as a character called Martin Trueman, an astrologer who was possessed by the Ancient Lights.

On 8 August 2009, it was announced that Abbot would appear in an episode of Casualty playing a pet shop owner. This will be Abbot's second Casualty role - he previously appeared as a different character in a 1999 episode.^[5] Abbot also appeared on Harry Hill's TV Burp parodying the character he played in Casualty.

In 2009, when Rowan Atkinson fell ill during the original run of Cameron Mackintosh's West End revival of Oliver!, Abbot stepped into the role of Fagin for the second time. He has again taken the role, after Griff Rhys Jones left the show on 12 June 2010.

Personal life [link]

Abbot was the fifth of six sons born to Betty and Don. His siblings are John, Donald, Derek, Stuart and Neil. Abbot's parents met when his father (who earned a living as a salesman), played cornet in a bluecoat band for a party at the Duke of Westminsters' estate in Chester, where his mother was a ladies maid for the Dukes household. Abbot is of Scottish heritage through his mother, who was born in Falkirk.

Abbot passed his eleven plus at Hoole & Newton Jnr School and moved onto Chester City Grammar School. As a young drummer, Abbot joined Adam & the Apples, The Buccaners, Johnny Gibson & the D Notes and then the Black Abbots. He worked part-time backstage at the Royalty Theatre, Chester and in 1965, the Black Abbots took residency there. Whilst Abbot was there, he met Denis Critchley with whom he learnt the craft of comedy.

Abbot met his wife Trish backstage at a Black Abbots gig and in 1966, they married. They went on to have four children; Gary, Richard, Christopher and Erika. He has two grandchildren; Laine and Charlotte.

Discography [link]

Singles [link]

1980 - "Space Invaders Meet the Purple People Eater" / "Country Cooper Man"^[2]
1982 - "A Day In The Life of Vince Prince" (UK #61, one week; re-entered at #75 two weeks later for one week)^[6]
1984 - "Atmosphere" (UK #7, in chart for thirteen weeks)^[6]
1985 - "All Night Holiday" (UK #20, in chart for seven weeks)^[6]
1985 - "Let's Go To The Disco" (No UK chart placing)
2009 - "Atmosphere" - Basildon Bond's Madhouse Mix

Albums [link]

1984 - Russ Abbot's Madhouse
1985 - I Love A Party - (UK #12)^[7]
1990 - Songs Of Joy

Filmography [link]

1972 - Who Do You Do (television programme)
1976 - What's On Next (television programme)
1979 - The Freddie Starr Variety Madhouse (television programme)
1980 - Madhouse (television programme)
1982 - My Beard is My Lighthouse (radio show on BBC Radio 4)
1986 - The Russ Abbot Show (television programme)
1993 - Stars in Their Eyes - cover for Leslie Crowther (also presented a one-off Elvis special)
1993 - September Song (television programme)
1996 - Married for Life (television programme)
2000 - Heartbeat (UK TV series) (television programme); guest appearance, December 2000, single episode
2001 - TV to Go (television programme)
2003 - The Bill (television programme); guest appearance, single episode
2003 - My Family (television programme); guest appearance, single episode
2005 - Miss Marple (television programme)
2007 - Hotel Babylon (television programme) as Mr Poldark, guest appearance, February 2007, single episode, in conjunction Cherie Lunghi
2007 - The Last Detective (television programme) guest appearance, May 2007, single episode, in conjunction Roy Hudd
2008 - The Sarah Jane Adventures (television programme) Secrets of the Stars : Series 2 Episode 5 ^[8]
2008–2010 - Last of the Summer Wine
2009 - Casualty (TV series) (television programme); guest appearance, November 2009, single episode
2012 - Run For Your Wife (film); cameo role

References [link]

^ Researcha
^ ^a ^b Discography
^ Black Abbots short biog
^ Sherwin, Adam (2008-05-10). "Last of the Summer Wine antics 'dangerous' for elderly actors". The Times. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/tv_and_radio/article3905028.ece. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
^ holby.tv | Casualty | Russ Abbott
^ ^a ^b ^c Guiness British Hit Singles (13th ed.). London, UK: Guinness World Records Ltd. 2000. pp. 69. ISBN 0-85112-111-X.
^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 13. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
^ Radio Times : The Sarah Jane Adventures Episode Guide

External links [link]

Russ Abbot at the Internet Movie Database

Comics who appeared on The Comedians

Persondata
Name	Abbot, Russ
Alternative names	Roberts, Russell A.
Short description	English comedy actor
Date of birth	16 September 1947
Place of birth	Chester, England
Date of death
Place of death

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Jason Nelson

Jason Nelson is a digital and hypermedia poet and artist. He is a lecturer on Cyberstudies, digital writing and creative practice at Griffith University in Queensland, Australia. He is best known for his artistic flash games/essays such as Game, Game, Game And Again Game and I made this. You play this. We are Enemies.

Nelson's style of Web art mergers various genres and technologies, focusing on collages of poetry, image, sound, movement and interaction.^[1] He currently lives in Gold Coast, Australia.

1 Early life and education
2 Works
3 See also
- 3.1 External links
- 3.2 References

Early life and education [link]

Nelson grew up in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He has a BA from the University of Oklahoma and an MFA in New Media Writing from Bowling Green State University. He began work as a poet, and now has over 30 digital works of art. As of 2009, he teaches Cyberstudies, digital art, and digital creative writing at Griffith University in Queensland, Australia.

Nelson is known as a cyberpoet, using multiple media that merge and transform into each other. His style of "mixture chaos" and art nouveau has led to mixed reviews. Some critics^[who?] cannot see past the "characteristic messiness" or "strangeness" in his approach.

Works [link]

Sound, animations, video, and other forms of internet based media are presented to enhance other poetry or art. The media can either be mandatory or available at the conscious decision of the viewer (who can choose to follow links to have media embedded in a piece).

Art and essays [link]

Nelson's art portal, secrettechnology.com, won a Webby award for the Weird category in 2009. Some of his's works include Between Treacherous Objects, The Poetry Cube, The Bonar Gene, Pandemic Rooms.

Vholoce: Weather Visualiser uses RSS weather feeds to generate a series of aesthetic visualizations.^[2]

Uncontrollable Semantics uses a basic mouse-follower, uncontrollable semantics pulls together fifty different sound, image and interactive environments. Each environment offers four directions to four terms, four semantics, four named creatures.^[3]

The Poetry Cube is an interactive poetry cube, where users can enter a sixteen line poem and that poem is then transformed into a multi-dimensional cube. Writers such as Charles Bernstein and Adrienne Rich have poems included in the cube's saved database.

Interactive art and games [link]

Many of Nelson's works require effort and a bit of skill on the part of the viewer. Some are framed explicitly as games, others as elaborate mechanisms for progressing through a series of elements of a work.

"This is How You Will Die" is one of Nelson's most famous pieces strictly as a work of art - a slot machine for predicting death, using code for an online pokie game and 15- five line death fictions/poetics. Players can win death videos and free spins.^[4]

Game, Game, Game And Again Game [1] and its sequel I made this. You play this. We are Enemies, are Nelson's most famous works. They are both flash platform games that look like they are played inside someone's stream of consciousness. They have been played over 8 million times combined. Game, Game Game won an Italian Art Award^{[citation needed]} and received mention on many gaming blogs as either genius or insanity in game form.^[5] The sequel was reviewed as an example of independent art game creation.^[6]^[7]

Other works include:

The Bomar Gene - an exploration of genes through fictional biographies.^[8]

Hermeticon: Pop Spell Maker This is a 1980s kids commercials combined with 16th century hermetic texts. After cutting out the hooks, the most compelling spells of our toy and cereal fueled world, the videos were compressed and coupled with mysticism and our new alchemy. Also uses a keyboard driven interface. This artwork is part of a larger series of works called Entanglegrids.^[9]

Awards [link]

Nelson has received awards for his digital poetics (in 2005) and for his piece This is How You Will Die (in 2006).^{[citation needed]}

This is How You Will Die won the First Panliterary Award for Web Art from the Drunken Boat Literary Journal.
His art portal secrettechnology.com won the 2009 Webby for the Weird Category.
"Countries of a Uncomfortable Ocean (which bundles two of his art games) won the Biennale Internationale des poètes en Val de Marne for Media Poetry in 2009.
"The Bomar Gene" won the 4th International Prize "Ciutat de Vinaròs" on Digital Literature.

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