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Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show, shortened in 1975 to Dr. Hook, was an American rock band, formed around Union City, New Jersey in 1967 as The Chocolate Papers. They enjoyed considerable commercial success in the 1970s with hit singles including "Sylvia's Mother", "The Cover of the Rolling Stone", "A Little Bit More" and "When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman". In addition to their own material, Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show performed songs written by the poet Shel Silverstein.

The band had eight years of regular chart hits, in both the U.S. and the UK, and greatest success with their later gentler material, as Dr. Hook.^[1]

History[link]

The founding core of the band consisted of three Southerners who had worked together in a band called "The Chocolate Papers", George Cummings, Ray Sawyer and Billy Francis. They had played the South, up and down the East Coast, and into the Midwest, before breaking up. Cummings, who moved to New Jersey with the plan of forming a new band, brought back Sawyer to rejoin him. They then took on future primary vocalist, Jersey native Dennis Locorriere, at first as a bass player. Francis, who had returned South after the Chocolate Papers broke up, returned to be the new band's keyboardist.

When told by a club owner that they needed a name to put on a poster in the window of his establishment, Cummings made a sign: "Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show: Tonic for the Soul". The "Hook" name was inspired by Sawyer's eyepatch and a reference to "Captain Hook" of the Peter Pan fairy tale, though, humorously, because Captain Hook was neither a doctor or wore an eyepatch. The "medicine show" and "doctor" (referring to the shows common in the 19th century) were intended as tongue-in-cheek warning against drug abuse. Ray Sawyer lost an eye in a near-fatal car crash in Oregon in 1967, and has worn an eyepatch ever since.^[2]

The band played for a few years in New Jersey, first with drummer Popeye Phillips (who had also been in "The Chocolate Papers"), who went on to be a session drummer on The Flying Burrito Brothers' first album, The Gilded Palace of Sin. Citing musical differences, Popeye returned home to Alabama and was replaced by local drummer Joseph Olivier. When the band began recording their first album, Olivier left in order to spend more time with his family, and was replaced by session player, John "Jay" David, who was asked to join the band full time in 1968.

In 1970, their demo tapes were heard by Ron Haffkine, musical director on the planned Herb Gardner movie, Who Is Harry Kellerman and Why Is He Saying Those Terrible Things About Me?. The songs for the film were written by the cartoonist, poet and songwriter Shel Silverstein, who determined that Dr. Hook was the ideal group for the soundtrack. The group recorded two songs for the film: Locorriere sang the lead on both "The Last Morning," the movie's theme song, later re-recorded for their second album, Sloppy Seconds, and "Bunky and Lucille," which the band can be seen performing in the film. The film, released in 1971 by National General Pictures, received mixed critical reviews and did only modestly at the box office, but it helped Dr. Hook and The Medicine Show secure their first recording contract.

Clive Davis, CBS Records head, had a meeting with the group, described in Davis's autobiography. Drummer David used a wastepaper basket to keep the beat, and while Sawyer, Locorriere and Cummings played and sang a few songs, Francis hopped up and danced on the mogul's desk. This meeting secured the band their first record deal. Subsequently the band went on to international success over the next twelve years, with Haffkine as the group's manager, as well as producer of all the Dr. Hook recordings.

Their 1971 debut album Doctor Hook featured lead vocals, guitar, bass and harmonica by Locorriere, guitarist Cummings, singer Sawyer, drummer David, singer/guitarist, and keyboard player Billy Francis. The album included their first hit, "Sylvia's Mother."

Silverstein wrote the songs for many of Dr. Hook's early albums (including their entire second album), such as "Freakin' at the Freaker's Ball", "Sylvia's Mother", "Everybody's Makin' It Big But Me", "Penicillin Penny", "The Ballad of Lucy Jordan", "Carry Me Carrie", "The Wonderful Soup Stone" and more, some of which were co-written with Locorriere and/or Sawyer.

In 1972, the band added a full-time bassist, Jance Garfat, and another guitarist, Rik Elswit. The band's second single, "The Cover of Rolling Stone" from Sloppy Seconds attracted the attention of those who would appreciate their irreverent attitude and stage show. It also got the band on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine — albeit in caricature rather than photograph. The song poked fun at the idea that a musician had "made it" if they had been pictured on the cover of Rolling Stone.

In the United Kingdom, the BBC Radio network refused to play "The Cover of Rolling Stone," as it was considered advertising a trademark name, which was against the BBC's policy. According to Dennis Locorriere some BBC DJs overdubbed the words "Cover of the Radio Times" in place of the "Cover of the Rolling Stone" to get around this restriction.^[3]

The group's next hit, "A Little Bit More", was taken from the 1976 album of the same name. It was written and originally performed by Bobby Gosh. Other hit singles from Dr. Hook included "Only Sixteen" (originally by Sam Cooke) (U.S. number 6), "Sharing the Night Together" (number 6), "When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman" (number 6) and "Sexy Eyes" (number 5). Save for "A Little Bit More" (number 11), all the singles mentioned above were certified million-sellers. "When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman" reached number 1 for several weeks in 1979 in the UK.^[1] They had another hit single with "Better Love Next Time" (number 12). The band toured constantly but never managed to turn their success with singles into album sales.

The Medicine Show's lineup changed a few more times over the years. When David left the group in 1973, he was replaced by John Wolters. The next to depart was founding band member Cummings, who left in 1975 due to personal and musical differences. The band did not initially replace him. When Elswit was diagnosed with cancer a couple of years later, the band added Bob "Willard" Henke (formerly of Goose Creek Symphony). Elswit recovered and returned to the lineup, but they kept Henke on as well for a while. When Henke left in 1980, they added Rod Smarr.

Solo projects[link]

Sawyer left in 1983 to pursue a solo career, while the band continued to tour successfully for another couple of years, ending with Dr. Hook's One and Only Farewell Tour, with Locorriere as the sole frontman.

In 1988, Sawyer toured as "Ray Sawyer of Dr. Hook", this billing eventually being altered to "Dr. Hook featuring Ray (Eye Patch) Sawyer". In the early 2000s, Billy Francis began joining Sawyer to play some shows.

Locorriere relocated to Nashville and wrote songs for many other artists. In 1989, Locorriere performed a one-man show at Lincoln Center, The Devil and Billy Markham, written by Silverstein. Locorriere has since released two solo studio albums (Out of the Dark in 2000 and One of the Lucky Ones in 2005), a live CD set in 2004 (Live in Liverpool), a concert DVD (Alone with Dennis Locorriere) and has toured in recent years as the Voice of Dr. Hook.

On January 21, 2007, Locorriere appeared onstage along with Pete Townshend, Bill Wyman, Steve Winwood, Joe Walsh, Paul Weller and Yusuf Islam, at the Dear Mr. Fantasy charity concert in remembrance of Traffic's Jim Capaldi, who had died in 2005.

In March 2007, Locorriere (and band) embarked on the Dennis Locorriere Celebrates Dr. Hook Hits and History Tour, to promote the release of the Dr. Hook Hits and History CD/DVD set. A live DVD of the tour was released in July 2007, and appeared in the UK music DVD chart at number 10.

In early 2008, having met Wyman at the Dear Mr Fantasy concert, Locorriere toured as a member of Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings, followed by a few solo tours, which Locorriere called his 'Alone With..' shows.

On March 15, 2010, Dennis Locorriere's third solo album, Post Cool, was released on Proper Records.

Deaths[link]

• John Christian Wolters, who played drums with the band from 1973 to 1985, died on June 16, 1997, of liver cancer.

• Robert Jance Garfat, who played bass with the band from 1972 to 1985, died on November 6, 2006, in a motorcycle accident.

• Billy Francis, who played keyboards for the band, died on May 23, 2010 at Glenwood Healthcare in Seymour, Missouri at the age of 68.

• Shel Silverstein, who wrote many of the band's songs, died from a heart attack in his Key West home on May 10, 1999 at the age of 68.

Members[link]

• Billy Francis - keyboards (1967-1985) (deceased)
• Ray Sawyer - vocals, guitar (1967-1984)
• George Cummings - lead and steel guitars, vocals (1967-1975)
• Popeye Phillips - drums (1967-1968)
• Jimmy "Wolf Cub" Allen - bass (1967)
• Bobby Dimingus - drums (1967)
• Dennis Locorriere - vocals, guitar, bass, harmonica (1968-1985)
• Joseph Olivier - drums (1968)
• John "Jay" David - drums (1968-1973)
• Jance Garfat - bass (1972-1985) (deceased)
• Rik Elswit - lead guitar (1972-1985)
• John Wolters - drums (1973-1982, 1983-1985) (deceased)
• Bob 'Willard' Henke - guitar (1976-1980)
• Rod Smarr - guitar (1980-1985)
• Walter Hartman - drums (1982-1983)

Discography[link]

Studio and live albums[link]

(for the 1975 Bankrupt album the band name was shortened to Dr. Hook)

Compilation albums[link]

Singles[link]

Notes

• ^Aonly a compilation album, opened by "The Ballad of Lucy Jordon," was released
• ^B"Sexy Eyes" also reached number one in New Zealand
• ^C"Baby Makes her Blue Jeans Talk" made number one in South Africa

References[link]

External links[link]

• Dr. Hook Fansite
• Dennis Locorriere site

Gregory House, M.D., (often simply referred to as House)^[1] is the title character and an antihero of the American television series House, played by Hugh Laurie. House is the Chief of Diagnostic Medicine at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital in New Jersey, where he leads a team of diagnosticians. House's character has been described as a misanthrope, cynic, narcissist and curmudgeon. He is the only character to appear in all 177 episodes. The season 6 premiere is the only episode in which House is the only regular character to appear, besides Wilson (briefly).

In the series, the character's unorthodox diagnostic approaches, radical therapeutic motives, and stalwart rationality have resulted in much conflict between him and his colleagues.^[2] House is also often portrayed as lacking sympathy for his patients and having a practice allowing him the time to solve pathological enigmas. The character is partly inspired by Sherlock Holmes.^[3][4] A portion of the show's plot centers on House's habitual use of Vicodin to manage pain stemming from a leg infarction involving his quadriceps muscle some years earlier, an injury that forces him to walk with a cane. This addiction is also one of the many parallels to Holmes, who was a habitual user of cocaine and opium.^[5]

Throughout the series' run, the character has received positive reviews.^[6][7] Tom Shales of The Washington Post called House "the most electrifying character to hit television in years".^[8] In 2008, House was voted second sexiest TV doctor ever, behind Dr. Doug Ross (George Clooney) from ER.^[9] For his portrayal, Laurie has won various awards, including two Golden Globe Awards for Best Actor in a Television Drama Series and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor from Drama Series.^[10] Laurie also earned Primetime Emmy Award nominations in 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011.^[11][12][13] TV Overmind has named House the best TV character of the last decade.^[14]

Character history[link]

Gregory House was born to John and Blythe House (R. Lee Ermey and Diane Baker) on 15 May 1959^[15] or 11 June 1959.^[16] House is a "military brat"; his father served as a Marine Corps pilot and transferred often to other bases during House's childhood.^[17] One place in which his father was stationed was Egypt, where House developed a fascination with archaeology and treasure-hunting, an interest which led him to keep his treasure-hunting tools well into his adulthood.^[18] Another station was Japan, where, at age 14, House discovered his vocation after a rock climbing incident with his friend. He witnessed the respect given to a buraku doctor who solved the case that no other doctor could.^[19] He also spent some time in the Philippines, where he received dental surgery. House loves his mother but hates his father, who he claims has an "insane moral compass", and deliberately attempts to avoid both parents.^[17] At one point, House tells a story of his parents leaving him with his grandmother, whose punishments constituted abuse.^[20] However, he later confesses that it was his father who abused him.^[20] Due to his father abusing him, House never believed that John House was his biological father; at the age of 12, he inferred that a friend of his family with the same birthmark was his real father.^[15] In the season 5 episode "Birthmarks", House discovers that this was true, after he ordered a DNA test that compared his DNA against John's.^[15] After performing a second DNA test in the season 8 episode "Love Is Blind", House discovers that the man who he thought was his biological father, Thomas Bell, wasn't his biological father either.^[21] The identity of his real father is unknown.

The final season's opening episode partly explores what path an imprisoned House would take aside from practicing medicine, revealing physics as his other forté.^[22] The episode "Body & Soul" makes a nod to this with a reference to a particle physics text amongst his books, as mentioned by his then-wife Dominika Petrova (Karolina Wydra).^[23] House fakes his own death in the series finale, thus giving up his ability to practice medicine again, in order to spend time with Dr. James Wilson (Robert Sean Leonard), who has five months left to live. He does this in order to avoid being sent back to prison for destroying an MRI machine in a prank gone wrong. The series ends with House and Wilson riding off into the countryside on motorbikes, as Dr. Robert Chase (Jesse Spencer) takes over House's department.^[24]

Medical school[link]

House first attended Johns Hopkins University as an undergraduate. Before fully committing to medicine as his discipline, he considered getting a Ph.D. in physics, researching dark matter.^[22] He was accepted to the Johns Hopkins Medical School, and excelled during his time there. He was a front runner for a prestigious and competitive internship at the Mayo Clinic;^[25] however, during this time in medical school, he was caught cheating by another student, Philip Weber.^[25] During the time he was appealing his expulsion he studied in the medical school at the University of Michigan, where, while working at a bookstore, he met his future employer and love interest Lisa Cuddy (Lisa Edelstein),^[26] with whom he shared (in his words) a night where "he gave her everything she asked for.^[27] After the appeal process, he was denied re-entry into the Johns Hopkins Medical School. During a medical convention in New Orleans he attended shortly after graduating medical school, House first saw his eventual best friend Dr. James Wilson (Robert Sean Leonard). Wilson, who was going through his first divorce at the time,^[15] broke a mirror in frustration and started a bar fight after a man repeatedly played "Leave a Tender Moment Alone" on a jukebox.^[15] House paid for the damage, bailed him out, and hired an attorney to clear his name (who in fact failed to do so), starting their professional and personal relationship.^[15] House eventually became a Board certified diagnostician with a double specialty in infectious disease and nephrology.^[28]

Leg injury[link]

Approximately ten years before the beginning of the series, House entered into a relationship with Stacy Warner (Sela Ward), a constitutional lawyer, after she shot him during a "Lawyers vs. Doctors" paintball match.^[19] Five years later, during a game of golf, he suffered an infarction in his right leg which went misdiagnosed for three days due to doctors' concerns that he was exhibiting drug-seeking behavior. House would eventually diagnose the infarction himself.^[29] An aneurysm in his thigh had clotted leading to an infarction and causing his quadriceps muscle to become necrotic.^[29] House had the dead muscle bypassed in order to restore circulation to the remainder of his leg, risking organ failure and cardiac arrest.^[29] He was willing to endure excruciating post-operative pain to retain the use of his leg.^[29] However, after he was put into a chemically induced coma to sleep through the worst of the pain, Warner, House's medical proxy, acted against his wishes and authorized a safer surgical middle-ground procedure between amputation and a bypass by removing just the dead muscle.^[29] This resulted in the partial loss of use in his leg and left House with a lesser, but still serious, level of pain for the rest of his life.^[29] House could not forgive Stacy for making the decision and this was eventually the reason Stacy left him.^[29] House now suffers chronic pain in his thigh and uses a cane to aid his walking. He also frequently takes Vicodin to relieve his pain.^[30] House does however break his addiction with psychiatric help, after he suffers a psychotic break. When Warner makes her first appearance in season 1, she is married to a high school guidance counselor named Mark Warner.^[31] Although she and House have a brief, intimate encounter during the second season, House eventually tells Stacy to go back to her husband, devastating her.

At the beginning of season three, House temporarily regains his ability to walk and run after receiving ketamine treatment.^[32] However, the chronic pain in his leg comes back and House takes painkillers and uses his cane once again.^[33] The other doctors speculate that his cane and opiate re-usage are due to his psychological tendencies.^[33] On a routine clinic visit, a police detective, Michael Tritter, is seen by House. Tritter observes House taking Vicodin for his pain and attributes that as his reason for being rude and a bully. Tritter, believing that doctors should be more responsible while practicing medicine, decides to take it upon himself to take legal action to curb House of his addiction by launching an investigation into House's addiction and suspected drug abuse. The investigation slowly involves Cuddy, Wilson and House's diagnostics team using extreme measures to get information. House, being forcibly weaned off of Vicodin to take a deal where he would keep his medical license, goes to extreme lengths to manage his pain by stealing Oxycodone from a cancer patient of Wilson's who had just died giving Tritter what he needed to bring House to trial. At the pretrial hearing, the Judge decides that House is not a danger to society and that his pain management for his leg is not as serious as Tritter made it seem. This conclusion is reached when Cuddy manufactures evidence and perjures herself to keep House out of jail.

During season five, House once again regains his ability to walk without pain after taking methadone, but soon stops after nearly killing a patient due to an uncharacteristic medical error. At the end of season five, House's use of Vicodin reaches a level in which House starts hallucinations about a former fellowship candidate and a relationship with Cuddy. When House comes to the conclusion that the Vicodin is making him hallucinate and taking over his life, he checks himself into Mayfield Psychiatric Hospital. At the start of season six, after spending time in the Mayfield, House stops taking pain medications and with the help of Dr. Darryl Nolan, finds other ways to deal with his pain and other aspects of his life. Thirteen and Wilson discover that House is a great cook, attributing this to House thinking of ingredients in terms of chemistry. House eventually finds the one thing that seems to help the pain go away: practicing medicine. After he diagnoses a patient online for his team (without their knowledge) and he shows Doctor Nolan how this reduces his pain, Nolan suggests that House resume his medical career.^[34] In season seven when Cuddy, who is House's girlfriend at this point, has a brush with death. House, who tries to deal with the fear of losing her, goes back on Vicodin. Nearing the end of season seven, House finds out that the experimental drug he has been using caused fatal cancerous tumors in all of the lab rats in the experiment. He gets a CT scan of his leg and finds three tumors that are close to the surface of his skin in his leg. He goes home, cleans his bathroom, and attempts to perform surgery on himself to extract the tumors in his bathtub.^[35] In season eight, House finds himself in jail after running his car into Cuddy's house. There he finds that his need for Vicodin is a weakness when an inmate makes House steal 20 pills of Vicodin or be killed. Throughout season eight House's use of Vicodin is pretty typical just like before season five.

Personality[link]

House's character frequently shows his cunning and biting wit, enjoys picking people apart, and often mocks their weaknesses.^[36] House accurately deciphers people's motives and histories from aspects of their personality and appearance.^[37] His friend and colleague Wilson says although some doctors have the "Messiah complex"—they need to "save the world", House has the "Rubik's complex"—he needs to "solve the puzzle".^[38] House typically waits as long as possible before meeting his patients.^[36] When he does, he shows an unorthodox bedside manner and uses unconventional treatments.^[39] However, he impresses them with rapid and accurate diagnoses after seemingly not paying attention.^[33] This skill is demonstrated in a scene where House diagnoses an entire waiting room full of patients in little over one minute on his way out of the hospital clinic.^[40] Critics have described the character as "moody," "bitter," "antagonistic,"^[41] "misanthropic,"^[38] "cynical"^[42] "grumpy," "maverick"^[43], "anarchist," "sociopath," and a "curmudgeon."^[44] The Global Language Monitor chose the word "curmudgeon" as the best way to describe the character.^[45]

Laurie describes House as a character who refuses to "obey the usual pieties of modern life" and expects to find a rare diagnosis when he is treating his patient.^[46][47] As a protagonist, many aspects of his personality are the antithesis of what might be expected from a doctor.^[36] Executive producer Katie Jacobs views House as a static character who is accustomed to living in misery.^[48] Jacobs has said that Dr. Wilson, his only friend in the show, and House both avoid mature relationships, which brings the two closer together.^[49] Leonard has said that Dr. Wilson is one of the few who voluntarily maintains a relationship with House, because he is free to criticize him.^[49]

Although House's crankiness is commonly misattributed to the chronic pain in his leg, both Stacy and Cuddy have said that he was the same before the infarction.^[31][50] To handle the chronic pain in his leg, House takes Vicodin every day, and as a result has developed an addiction to the drug.^[51] He refuses to admit that he has an addiction ("I do not have a pain management problem, I have a pain problem").^[28] However, after winning a bet from Cuddy by not taking the drug for a week, he concedes that he has an addiction, but says that it is not a problem because it does not interfere with his work or life.^[52] In the 2009 season House goes through detox and his addiction goes into remission, so to say.^[53] However, it does seem that House may have gotten over his addiction in the season 6 premiere.^[54] House creator David Shore told the Seattle Times in 2006 that Vicodin is "becoming less and less useful a tool for dealing with his pain, and it's something [the writers] are going to continue to deal with, continue to explore".^[55]

House openly talks about, and makes references to, pornography.^[56] In "Lines in the Sand", he returns the flirtations of a female underage patient.^[57] He regularly engages the services of prostitutes,^[25][58] of which his former female diagnostic team member Dr. Allison Cameron (Jennifer Morrison), who has a crush on him, is aware.^[59] He also likes to gamble, frequently making wagers.

A polyglot, House speaks English, Spanish,^[26] Russian,^[60] Portuguese,^[61] Hindi,^[25] and Mandarin.^[62] He listens to jazz, plays the piano (as does Hugh Laurie) and has an interest in vintage electric guitars. He plays video games and watches a soap opera. House is (as is Hugh Laurie) a motorcyclist. He rides a Honda CBR1000RR Repsol, license plate Y91 as seen in "Swan Song","Help Me" and "Post Mortem" meanwhile he tends to drive anonymous American sedans. He attends monster truck rallies with Wilson.

House is an atheist. He openly and relentlessly mocks colleagues and patients who express any belief in religion, deeming such beliefs as illogical. He does not believe in an afterlife because he finds it is better to believe that life "isn't just a test".^[29] However, in the season four episode "97 Seconds", he expresses sufficient interest in the possibility of an afterlife to electrocute himself in an effort to find out; however, he is dissatisfied with the results and denounces the possibility of an afterlife.^[63] This is also an example of House's tendency to self-experiment and submit to risky medical procedures in the name of truth. Over the course of the series, he disproves the effectiveness of a migraine cure by self-inducing a migraine and controlling the effects through drugs,^[25] undergoes a blood transfusion to assist with a diagnosis, and overdoses on physostigmine to improve his memory after sustaining head injuries, subsequently causing his heart to stop beating, then undergoes deep brain stimulation soon after.^[64][65][66]

House frequently says "Everybody lies", but jokingly remarked that he was lying when he said that in the first season finale. Even though that could be mistaken as an example of the Liar paradox, House was not creating a paradox when he said he was lying.^[46] House criticizes social etiquette for lack of rational purpose and usefulness.^[57] Dr. Cameron states in the first episode of the first season "House doesn't believe in pretense ... so he just says what he thinks".^[68] In the season three episode "Lines in the Sand", he explains how he envies an autistic patient because society allows the patient to forgo the niceties that he must suffer through.^[57] In the same episode, Dr. Wilson suggests that House might have Asperger syndrome, which is characterized by a number of traits found in House, such as difficulty accepting the purpose of social rules, lack of concern for his physical appearance, and resistance to change; though he later reveals to House that he does not truly believe this, and that claiming this was a part of a ploy to soften Cuddy's opinion of House.^[57] House is a strong nonconformist and has little regard for how others perceive him.^[47] Throughout the series, he displays sardonic contempt for authority figures.^[69] House shows an almost constant disregard for his own appearance, possessing a permanent stubble and dressing informally in jeans, T-shirts, and sneakers.^[70] He avoids wearing the standard white lab coat to avoid patients recognizing him as a doctor.^[30][69]

Social behavior[link]

House does not have much of a social life, and his only real friend is Dr. James Wilson.^[38][47] Wilson knew House before the infarction and looked after him when House's relationship with Stacy ended.^[50] Dr. Wilson's moving into House's apartment after his failed marriage in "Sex Kills" symbolizes his taking emotional refuge in his friend.^[71] Although they frequently analyze and criticize each other's motives, Wilson has risked his career to protect House, including having his job terminated in the first season as an effort of Edward Vogler to dismiss House, and having his practice damaged by Detective Michael Tritter in an investigation of House's narcotics consumption.^[56][72] House has quietly admitted, at several instances, that he is grateful for Wilson's presence, including referring to Wilson as his best friend. When Wilson resigns and moves away from both New Jersey and House's friendship in the season 5 premiere, House is desperate to have his friend back, and hires a private investigator (Michael Weston) to spy on him.^[73] The two ultimately reconcile at House's father's funeral in a scene similar to their first meeting where Wilson again breaks something valuable with a glass in a moment of anger, this time directed at House.^[15]

Edelstein has said that despite his sardonic personality, House is a character who is reliant on people surrounding him.^[46] Edelstein says this characteristic is portrayed on several occasions in the third season, during which House's medical career is in jeopardy due to investigations by Det. Michael Tritter (David Morse), who arrests him for possessing narcotics.^[74] House's legal trouble ends when Edelstein's character, Lisa Cuddy, commits perjury during his hearing.^[53] In Season 5, a relationship with Cuddy begins to blossom, as they are unable to deny feelings between each other.^[75] They share a kiss in episode six "Joy" which sparked an ongoing romantic tension between them.^[75] When Cuddy's office is destroyed by a gunman and is being renovated, she moves into House's office in what Wilson believes to be an attempt to get closer to House. The two try to drive each other away, doing things to each other's office to make them worse, but in an uncharacteristically nice move, House has Cuddy's mother send her medical school desk for her new office as a surprise. Cuddy is touched by what he did, but is devastated when she spots him with a prostitute he hired, not knowing he had done so only to mess with Kutner and Taub. In the season finale "Both Sides Now" it is confirmed that House wishes to pursue a romantic relationship with Cuddy. In this same episode he believes he has slept with Cuddy and informs Dr. James Wilson the following morning. This however is revealed to be a psychosis, which is a side effect of his Vicodin abuse. The House-Cuddy story culminates in the season 6 finale, "Help Me", when Cuddy cancels her engagement to Lucas to face the inevitable realization of her loving House all along;^[76] they share a passionate kiss, thus hinting on mutual willingness to try to develop a real relationship.^[77] However, in season 7, this relationship is ended when House starts taking Vicodin again when he is faced with Cuddy possibly having a terminal illness.

House can also been seen acting as mooch at times, frequently stealing food from Wilson. In "You Don't Want to Know," while House is searching for the cause of Thirteen's twitching, he claims to have stolen money from her wallet.^[78] In the same episode, Wilson later observes that House's blood type is AB, the universal recipient, reflecting his desire to take whatever he can. In another episode, he reveals to Wilson that he's been borrowing larger and larger sums of money from him without paying him back, just to see at what point Wilson would turn him down.

Development[link]

Conception[link]

While the show was originally set to be a medical procedural, the idea changed when the writers started to explore the possibilities of a curmudgeonly title character.^[67] Shore traced the concept for the title character to his background as a patient at a teaching hospital.^[80] Shore recalled that "I knew, as soon as I left the room, they would be mocking me relentlessly [for my cluelessness...] and I thought that it would be interesting to see a character who actually did that before they left the room".^[81] Shore also based the character partly on himself: in a 2006 interview with Macleans he explained that, while he does not have "cynical and cold attitude lurking within" him, he almost agrees with House's point of view.^[79] A central part of the show's premise was that the main character would be disabled in some way.^[82] The initial idea was for House to use a wheelchair, inspired by the 1960s police drama Ironside, but Fox turned down this interpretation (for which the crew was later grateful).^[67][82] The wheelchair became a scar on House's leg, which later turned into a bad leg necessitating the use of a cane.^[82] House usually holds his cane on the same side as his injured leg; Shore explained: "Some people feel more comfortable with the cane in the dominant arm, and that is acceptable".^[83] The cane tricks that are seen throughout the series are created by Laurie himself.^[49]

Cathy Crandall, costume designer for the show, created a look for the character that made it seem like he did not care about his clothing.^[84] She designed House with a wrinkled t-shirt, a blazer that is one size too short, faded and worn-in jeans and heather-gray rag socks.^[84] It was Laurie's idea to have the character wear sneakers, because he thought "a man with a cane needs functional shoes"; the Fox studios' wardrobe department keeps 37 pairs of Nike Shox on hand.^[84] House has worn t-shirts designed by famous designers such as Barking Irons and Lincoln Mayne,^[84] but also by less known designers such as Andrew Buckler^[85] and Taavo.^[86] The shirts are usually kept tied in a ball overnight to get them to wrinkle.^[84]

Casting[link]

When casting for the part started, Shore was afraid that in "the wrong hands", House would "just be hateful".^[79] The casting directors were looking for someone who could, as Shore described, "do these horrible things and be somehow likable without just, you know, petting a kitten".^[87] When Laurie was asked to audition for the role of House, he was filming Flight of the Phoenix in Namibia.^[88] Laurie had no big expectations for the show, thinking that it would only "run for a few weeks".^[70][89] He planned to audition for the roles of both James Wilson and Gregory House.^[87] However, when he read that Wilson was a character with a "handsome open face", he decided to audition solely for the role of House.^[87] Laurie chose not to change his clothing, but to remain in the costume he wore for the film; he also decided not to shave his beard.^[70] He put together an audition tape of his own in a Namibian hotel bathroom, the only place with enough light,^[90] while his Flight of the Phoenix co-stars Jacob Vargas and Scott Michael Campbell held the camera.^[70] He improvised by using an umbrella for a cane.^[91] Laurie initially believed that James Wilson would be the protagonist of the show after reading the brief description of the character and did not find out that House was the main character until he read the full script of the pilot episode.^[92][93]

After he had watched casting tapes for the pilot episode, Bryan Singer grew frustrated and refused to consider any more British actors because of their flawed American accents.^[47] Although Singer compared Laurie's audition tape to an "Osama bin Laden video",^[94] he was impressed with Laurie's acting and, not knowing who he was, Singer was fooled by his American accent.^[90] He commented on how well the "American actor" was able to grasp the character, not knowing about Laurie's British nationality.^[81] Although Laurie's appearance was very different from the way Shore pictured House, when he watched the audition tape, he was equally impressed as Singer.^[79] More famous actors such as Denis Leary, Rob Morrow and Patrick Dempsey were also considered, but Singer, Shore, and executive producers Paul Attanasio and Katie Jacobs all thought Laurie was the best option and decided to cast him for the part.^[95] Laurie was the final actor to join the cast of House.^[96] After he was chosen for the part, Laurie, whose father Ran Laurie was a doctor himself, said he felt guilty for "being paid more to become a fake version of my own father".^[90] Adopting an American accent for his role has been difficult for Laurie, who said words such as "coronary artery" are particularly tricky to pronounce.^[58]

Parallels to Sherlock Holmes[link]

House and Wilson's relationship mirrors Holmes and Watson's (pictured) relationship.

Similarities between House and the famous fictional detective Sherlock Holmes appear throughout the series;^[97] Shore explained that he was always a Sherlock Holmes fan, and found the character's traits of indifference to his clients unique.^[81] The resemblance is evident in various elements of the series' plot, such as House's reliance on psychology to solve a case, his reluctance to accept cases he does not find interesting and House's home address (221B Baker Street, same as Holmes).^[46][98] Other similarities between the two characters are drug use (House battled a Vicodin addiction for years and Holmes was a recreational user of cocaine), successful detoxification (which proves to be only temporary in House's case), playing an instrument (Holmes plays the violin and House plays the guitar, piano, organ and harmonica) and a talent for accurately deducing people's motives and histories from aspects of their personality and appearance.^[99]

Shore has also explained that the name "House" is a play on the name "Holmes" via its phonetic similarity to the word "homes." The pun does not extend to the meaning of the names, as the surname "Holmes" actually denotes that its initial bearers lived near or worked with holly or holm-oak trees, such that "Holl[e]y" or "Oak[e]s" would be a more literal equivalent.^[100] Both Holmes and House each have one true friend, Dr. John Watson and Dr. James Wilson, respectively.^[4] Leonard has said that House and his character were originally intended to play the roles of Holmes and Watson in the series although he believes that House's team has assumed the Watson role.^[101] Shore has also said that Dr. House draws inspiration from Dr. Marc Chamberlain, a professor of neurology at the University of Washington, Seattle, and Dr. Joseph Bell (who was a teacher of Arthur Conan Doyle's and thus a chief source of inspiration for the creation of Holmes), who could "walk into a waiting room and diagnose people without speaking to them".^[4] In the season two finale "No Reason", House is shot by a man named Jack Moriarty, a name that coincides with Sherlock Holmes' adversary, Professor James Moriarty;^[99][102] likewise, in the fifth season, Wilson uses Irene Adler as the name for an imaginary love interest of House,^[103] the same name as the only female adversary Holmes ever encountered.^[99]

Bibliography[link]

• Holtz, Andrew (2006). The Medical Science of House, M.D.. New York: Berkley Books. ISBN 978-0-425-21230-1. 
• Holtz, Andrew (2011). House M.D. vs. Reality: Fact and Fiction in the Hit Television Series. New York: Berkley Books. ISBN 978-0-425-23893-6. 
• Hockley, L., and Gardner, L. (2010). House The Wounded Healer on Television: Jungian and Post-Jungian Reflections. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-47913-4. 

References[link]

External links[link]

	United States portal
	Fictional characters portal

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Gregory House

• Gregory House at the TV IV
• Gregory House at House Wiki
• Gregory House at the Internet Movie Database
• Dr. House Doctor Ratings

Harish Hande ‌ ಹರೀಶ ಹಂದೆ
Born	Handattu, Kundapura Taluk, Udupi District, Karnataka
Alma mater	IIT Kharagpur
Occupation	social entrepreneur

Harish Hande (Kannada: ಹರೀಶ್ ಹಂದೆ) is an Indian social entrepreneur, who founded Selco India, a solar electric light company in 1995, which over the years has lit up over 120,000 households, to emerge as India's leading solar technology firm.^[1]

Early life and education[link]

He was born in Handattu (ಹಂದಟ್ಟು), Kundapura Taluk (ಕುಂದಾಪುರ), Udupi District, Karnataka and raised in Rourkela, Orissa, India. After completing his basic schooling in Orissa in Ispat English Medium School, he went to IIT Kharagpur for his undergraduate studies in Energy Engineering.^[2] He then went to the U.S. to do his Master’s and later PhD. in Energy Engineering at the University of Massachusetts Lowell^[3]

Career[link]

Hande co-founded SELCO INDIA (in 1995), a social enterprise, to eradicate poverty by promoting sustainable technologies in rural India. With its headquarters in Bangalore, SELCO has 25 branches in Karnataka and Gujarat. Today SELCO INDIA has installed solar lighting systems in over 120,000 households in the rural areas of these states.