- About WN
- Contact
- Feedback
- Privacy Policy
- © 2011 World News Inc., all Rights Reserved
Atolls
Loading suggestions ...
-
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist who established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection. He published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. The scientific community and much of the general public came to accept evolution as a fact in his lifetime, but it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.[http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html The Complete Works of Darwin Online - Biography.] darwin-online.org.uk. Retrieved on 2006-12-15
http://wn.com/Charles_Darwin -
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (; born July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009, and the 46th Governor of Texas, serving from 1995 to 2000.
http://wn.com/George_W_Bush -
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around 3,500,000 km². Depending on measurement, it is the largest or second largest body of water after the five oceans.
http://wn.com/South_China_Sea -
Spratly Islands
The Spratly Islands are a group of more than 750 reefs, islets, atolls, cays, and islands in the South China Sea between Brunei, China, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam. They comprise less than four square kilometers of land area, spread over more than 425,000 square kilometers of sea. The Spratlys are part of the three archipelagos of the South China Sea, comprising more than 30,000 islands and reefs which so complicates geography, governance and economics in that region of Southeast Asia. Such small and remote islands have little economic value in themselves, but are important in establishing international boundaries. There are no native islanders but there are rich fishing grounds and initial surveys indicate the islands may be near significant oil and gas deposits.
http://wn.com/Spratly_Islands
-
Aitutaki
Aitutaki, also traditionally known as Araura, Ararau and Utataki, is one of the Cook Islands, north of Rarotonga. It has a population of approximately 2,000. Aitutaki is the second most visited island of the Cook Islands. The capital (main village) is Arutanga (Arutunga) on the west side.
http://wn.com/Aitutaki -
Ari Atoll
Ari Atoll (also called Alif or Alufu Atoll) is one of natural atolls of the Maldives. It is one of the biggest atolls and is located in the west of the archipelago. The almost rectangular alignment spreads the islands over an area of about 89x30 kilometres. It has been divided in two sections for administrative purposes, Northern Ari Atoll and Southern Ari Atoll consisting of 105 islands. Ari Atoll is part of the zone designated for tourist development in the Maldives. It is roughly a 30 minute seaplane flight away from the Capital Malé.
http://wn.com/Ari_Atoll -
Bermuda
Bermuda (; officially, the Bermudas or Somers Islands) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida. Its capital city is Hamilton but the largest municipality is the town of Saint George's.
http://wn.com/Bermuda -
Bora Bora
Bora Bora is an island in the Leeward group of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean. The island, located about 230 kilometres (140 mi) northwest of Papeete, is surrounded by a lagoon and a barrier reef. In the center of the island are the remnants of an extinct volcano rising to two peaks, Mount Pahia and Mount Otemanu, the highest point at 727 metres (2,385 ft). The original name of the island in the Tahitian language might be better rendered as Pora Pora, meaning "First Born"; an early transcription found in 18th- and 19th century accounts, is Bolabolla or Bollabolla.
http://wn.com/Bora_Bora -
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean situated in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles.
http://wn.com/Caribbean_Sea -
Caroline Islands
The Caroline Islands (islas Carolinas in Spanish) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia in the eastern part of the group, and Palau at the extreme western end. Historically, this area was also called Nuevas Filipinas or New Philippines as they were part of the Spanish East Indies and governed from Manila in the Philippines.
http://wn.com/Caroline_Islands -
Chesterfield Islands
Chesterfield Islands (îles Chesterfield in French) is an archipelago of New Caledonia located in the Coral Sea, 550 km northwest of Grande Terre the main island of New Caledonia. Chesterfield Islands are a 120 km long and 70 km broad structure composed with 11 islets and many reefs. The land area of the islands is less than 10 km² [http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/duffy/arb/061-70/v061-70.pdf].
http://wn.com/Chesterfield_Islands -
Chuuk
Chuuk — formerly Truk, Ruk, Hogoleu, Torres, Ugulat, and Lugulus — is an island group in the south western part of the Pacific Ocean. It comprises one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), along with Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap. Chuuk is the most populous of the FSM's states. Geographically, Chuuk is also part of the larger Caroline Islands group. Chuuk means mountain in the Chuukese language and was known mainly as Truk (a mispronunciation of Ruk), until 1990.
http://wn.com/Chuuk -
Colombia
Colombia (), officially the Republic of Colombia (, ), is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. With a population of over 45 million people, Colombia has the 29th largest population in the world and the second largest in South America, after Brazil. Colombia has the fourth largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico, the United States, and Spain.
http://wn.com/Colombia -
Coral Sea
The Coral Sea is a marginal sea off the northeast coast of Australia. It is bounded in the west by the east coast of Queensland, thereby including the Great Barrier Reef, in the east by Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides) and by New Caledonia, and in the north approximately by the southern extremity of the Solomon Islands. It merges with the Tasman Sea in the south, with the Solomon Sea in the north and with the Pacific Ocean in the east. On the west, it connects with the Arafura Sea through the Torres Strait.
http://wn.com/Coral_Sea -
Coral Sea Islands
The Coral Sea Islands Territory includes a group of small and mostly uninhabited tropical islands and reefs in the Coral Sea, northeast of Queensland, Australia. The only inhabited island is Willis Island. The territory covers 780,000 km2, extending east and south from the outer edge of the Great Barrier Reef, and including Heralds Beacon Island, Osprey Reef, the Willis Group, and fifteen other reef/island groups.
http://wn.com/Coral_Sea_Islands -
Ducie Island
Ducie Island () is a rarely visited island atoll that has been part of the Pitcairn Islands since 1902. There are no permanent inhabitants.
http://wn.com/Ducie_Island -
Great Chagos Bank
The Great Chagos Bank, in the Chagos Archipelago, about South of the Maldives, is the largest atoll structure in the world, with a total area of . The Atoll is administered by the UK through the BIOT.
http://wn.com/Great_Chagos_Bank -
Huvadhu
http://wn.com/Huvadhu -
Huvadhu Atoll
'Huvadhu, is sometimes referred to as the largest atoll of the Maldives. The fact is, however, that it is the second largest natural atoll, taking into account that Thiladhunmathi Atoll and Miladhunmadulu Atoll together stand for the largest. Even so, with an area of about 2,900 square km, Huvadu is one of the largest atolls in the world, larger than Ontong Java Atoll and Lihou Reef in the SW Pacific area. On its reef rim are many inhabited islands.
http://wn.com/Huvadhu_Atoll -
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian subcontinent; on the west by East Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, by Antarctica). It is the only ocean to be named after a country, i.e., India.
http://wn.com/Indian_Ocean -
Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
http://wn.com/Indonesia -
Kiribati
Kiribati ( ; ), officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. It is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, (1,351,000 square miles) straddling the equator, and bordering the International Date Line at its easternmost point.
http://wn.com/Kiribati -
Kiritimati
Kiritimati or Christmas Island is a Pacific Ocean atoll in the northern Line Islands and part of the Republic of Kiribati.
http://wn.com/Kiritimati -
Laccadive Islands
http://wn.com/Laccadive_Islands -
Lansdowne Bank
Lansdowne Bank, sometimes called Landsdowne Bank, is an extensive submerged bank located between the main island of New Caledonia and the Chesterfield Islands, in the easternmost part of the Coral Sea. It covers an area of 21,000 km², making it one of the largest banks of the world (after Saya de Malha), has general depths of 60 to 80 meters, and a largely sandy bottom. Two reefs mark the shallowest spots of the bank, but they are still submerged at low tide.
http://wn.com/Lansdowne_Bank -
Maldives
The Maldives ( or ), (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ ''Dhivehi Raa'je'') or Maldive Islands, officially Republic of Maldives, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls stretching in a north-south direction off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and Chagos Archipelago. It stands in the Laccadive Sea, about seven hundred kilometers (435 mi) south-west of Sri Lanka.
http://wn.com/Maldives -
Maro Reef
Maro Reef (Hawaiian: Nalukākala) is a largely submerged coral atoll located in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It was discovered in 1820 by Captain Joseph Allen of the ship Maro, after whose ship the reef was named. With a total area of , it is the largest coral reef in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It contains 37 species of stony coral.
http://wn.com/Maro_Reef -
Marshall Islands
The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) , is a Micronesian nation of atolls and islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line and just north of the Equator. The population is about 62,000. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the United States.
http://wn.com/Marshall_Islands -
Namonuito Atoll
Namonuito Atoll, also called Namonweito, Weito, or Magur Islands, is the largest atoll of the Federated States of Micronesia and of the Caroline Islands, with a total area of 2267 km², unless one considers the still larger Truk Lagoon as a type of atoll in an early stage of development. In Micronesia, only Kwajalein Atoll of the Marshall Islands is larger.
http://wn.com/Namonuito_Atoll -
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, ) is an Executive Branch agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's civilian space program and aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's self-described mission statement is to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research."
http://wn.com/NASA -
New Caledonia
New Caledonia (French: officially: Nouvelle-Calédonie; colloquially: (la) Calédonie; popular nickname: (le) Caillou), has a special status of sui generis collectivity of France. It is located in the subregion of Melanesia in the southwest Pacific. It comprises a main island (Grande Terre), the Loyalty Islands, and several smaller islands. Approximately half the size of Taiwan, it has a land area of 18,575.5 square kilometres (7,172 sq mi). The population was estimated in January 2009 to be 249,000. The capital and largest city of the territory is Nouméa. The currency is the CFP franc.
http://wn.com/New_Caledonia -
Nicaragua
Nicaragua ( ) officially the Republic of Nicaragua (, ), is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of the country, the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country's Caribbean coast is part of the Western Caribbean Zone. Falling within the tropics, Nicaragua sits between 11 degrees and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. The capital city of Nicaragua is Managua. Roughly one quarter of the nation's population lives in the Nicaraguan capital, making it the second largest city and metropolitan area in Central America (following Guatemala City).
http://wn.com/Nicaragua -
Ontong Java
http://wn.com/Ontong_Java -
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.
http://wn.com/Pacific_Ocean -
Pitcairn Islands
The Pitcairn Islands (; Pitkern: '), officially named the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands''', form a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. The islands are a British overseas territory (formerly a British colony), the last remaining in the Pacific. The four islands – named Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno – are spread over several hundred miles of ocean and have a total area of about . Only Pitcairn, the second largest and measuring about across, is inhabited.
http://wn.com/Pitcairn_Islands -
Rangiroa
Rangiroa (meaning Vast Sky in Tuamotuan) or Te Kokōta (Hyades in Māori), is the largest atoll in the Tuamotus, and one of the largest in the world (although it is smaller than Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands and Huvadhu in the Maldives). It is part of the Palliser group. The nearest atoll is Tikehau, located only 12 km to the West. It is about 355 km Northeast of Tahiti.
http://wn.com/Rangiroa -
Sabalana Islands
The Sabalana Islands (Kepulauan Sabalana) are an Atoll in the Flores Sea in Indonesia, lying just north of the Lesser Sunda Islands, closer to Sumbawa than Sulawesi. They are west of Tanahjampea Island and northeast of the Tengah Islands (Central Islands). Administratively, the atoll belongs to the province of South Sulawesi. The total area, including the large lagoon, is 2694 km², making Sabalana one of the largest atolls by total area. The land area of the largest individual island, Pulau Sabalana, measures about 7 km², followed by Pulau Banawaja with 3 km² and Pulau Sabaru with 1.4 km².
http://wn.com/Sabalana_Islands -
Saya de Malha Bank
The Saya de Malha Bank (also Sahia de Malha Bank, Modern Portuguese: saia de malha, English mesh skirt) is the largest submerged bank in the World, part of the vast undersea Mascarene Plateau. It lies east of Madagascar, southeast of the Seychelles, and north of the Nazareth Bank, the Cargados Carajos shoals, and the island of Mauritius, and falls into the Mauritian exclusive economic zone. The closest land is the tiny Agalega Islands (a remote dependency of Mauritius), some 300 km further west, followed by the southern Seychellois island of Coëtivy, some 400 km northwest. Mauritius administers Saya de Malha Bank as part of its Exclusive Economic Zone.
http://wn.com/Saya_de_Malha_Bank -
Seychelles
Seychelles ( ; French: ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar.
http://wn.com/Seychelles -
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands ) is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of 28,400 square kilometres (10,965 sq mi). The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The nation of the Solomon Islands is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
http://wn.com/Solomon_Islands -
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around 3,500,000 km². Depending on measurement, it is the largest or second largest body of water after the five oceans.
http://wn.com/South_China_Sea -
Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is the large body of water between Australia and New Zealand, approximately 2,000 kilometres (1,250 miles) across. It extends 2,800 km (approx.) from north to south. It is a south-western segment of the South Pacific Ocean. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, the first recorded European to encounter New Zealand and Tasmania. The British explorer Captain James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s as part of his first voyage of exploration.
http://wn.com/Tasman_Sea -
Tokelau
Tokelau () is a territory of New Zealand that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400 in the South Pacific Ocean. The atolls lie north of the Samoan Islands, east of Tuvalu, south of the Phoenix Islands, southwest of the more distant Line Islands (both islands groups belonging to Kiribati) and northwest of the Cook Islands.
http://wn.com/Tokelau -
Truk Lagoon
Truk Lagoon, also known as Chuuk, is a sheltered body of water in the central Pacific. North of New Guinea, it is located mid-ocean at 7 degrees North latitude. The atoll consists of a protective reef, around, enclosing a natural harbour 79 by 50 kilometres (49 by 30 mi), with an area of . It has a land area of , with a population of 47,871 people.
http://wn.com/Truk_Lagoon -
Tuamotu Islands
http://wn.com/Tuamotu_Islands -
Tuvalu
Tuvalu ( or ), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls. Its population of 12,373 makes it the second-least populous sovereign state in the world, with only Vatican City having fewer inhabitants. In terms of physical land size, at just Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City at , Monaco at and Nauru at .
http://wn.com/Tuvalu
- Aldabra
- algae
- Aranuka
- Ari Atoll
- Atlantic Ocean
- atoll
- Bassas de Pedro
- Bermuda
- biotic potential
- Bora Bora
- calcite
- calcium carbonate
- Caribbean Sea
- Caroline Islands
- Chagos Archipelago
- Charles Darwin
- Chesterfield Islands
- Chuuk
- Colombia
- Continent
- coral
- Coral Reef
- Coral Sea
- Coral Sea Islands
- detritus (biology)
- Dhivehi language
- dolomite
- dolomitization
- Ducie Island
- Elizabeth Reef
- English language
- Equator
- erosion
- fringing reef
- George W. Bush
- glacier
- Great Chagos Bank
- Gulf Stream
- guyot
- hermatypic
- HMS Beagle
- Huvadhu
- Huvadhu Atoll
- ice age
- Indian Ocean
- Indo-Aryan language
- Indonesia
- island
- islet
- Islomania
- Kaafu Atoll
- Kiribati
- Kiritimati
- Kolhumadulhu Atoll
- Kure Atoll
- Kwajalein
- Laccadive Islands
- lagoon
- Lansdowne Bank
- latitude
- Lifou
- Macclesfield Bank
- Maldives
- Maro Reef
- Marshall Islands
- Middleton Reef
- Midway Atoll
- Namonuito Atoll
- NASA
- New Caledonia
- Nicaragua
- Nukuoro
- OED
- Ontong Java
- Pacific Ocean
- Peninsula
- Pitcairn Islands
- Pseudo-atoll
- raised coral atoll
- Rangiroa
- reef knoll
- Rennell Island
- Rosalind Bank
- Sabalana Islands
- Saya de Malha Bank
- sea level
- seamount
- Seychelles
- Society Islands
- Solomon Islands
- South China Sea
- Spratly Islands
- subsidence
- Subtropics
- Tasman Sea
- Tokelau
- Tropics
- Truk Lagoon
- Tuamotu Islands
- Tuvalu
- volcanic island
- volcano
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
The Atolls: Older Nazi Boyfriends
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Published: 27 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 27 Mar 2011
- Author: drumpunk17
Nuclear bomb explosion at sea - bikini atolls
Operation Crossroads 1946, nuclear bomb explosion at sea with its effects on ships an the bikini atolls. very interesting footage from "Trinity and Beyond". visit www.vce.com for further information.
http://wn.com/Nuclear_bomb_explosion_at_sea__bikini_atolls
Ari Atoll - Maldives Islands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Published: 18 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 19 Sep 2011
- Author: THEWORLDOFTRAVEL
Ari Atoll is one of natural atolls of the Maldives. It is one of the biggest atolls and is located in the west of the archipelago. The almost rectangular alignment spreads the islands over an area of about 89x30 kilometres. It has been divided in two sections for administrative purposes, Northern Ari Atoll and Southern Ari Atoll consisting of 105 islands. Ari Atoll is part of the zone designated for tourist development in the Maldives. It is roughly a 30 minute seaplane flight away from the Capital Malé. There are more than 20 islands in the Atoll designated for tourist resorts. Each island resort is self-contained with accommodation and recreational facilities such as tennis court. Scuba diving is the most popular tourist activity in the Maldives. The diving in Ari Atoll is extensive and is often defined by location within the atoll, either North or South. The main tourist resorts were Ari Beach, Halaveli, Maayyafushi, Twin Islands Resort, Dhoni Mighilli and Twin Island Resort. ( source Wikipedia )
http://wn.com/Ari_Atoll__Maldives_Islands
Kaafu Atoll - Maldives Islands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Published: 17 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 19 Sep 2011
- Author: THEWORLDOFTRAVEL
Kaafu Atoll is an administrative division of the Maldives. It consists of Kaashidhoo Island, Gahaafaru Atoll, and Malé Atoll (which includes the North Malé Atoll and the South Malé Atoll). It also has a number of uninhabited islands. Malé, capital of the Maldives is naturally located within the North Malé Atoll, but it is not part of the Kaafu administrative division. NOTE: Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Shaviyani, Noonu, Raa, Baa, Kaafu, etc. are code letters assigned to the present administrative divisions of the Maldives. They are not the proper names of the natural atolls that make up these divisions. Some atolls are divided into two administrative divisions while other divisions are made up of two or more natural atolls. The order followed by the code letters is from North to South, beginning with the first letters of the Thaana alphabet used in Dhivehi. These code letters are not accurate from the geographical and cultural point of view. However, they have become popular among tourists and foreigners in the Maldives who find them easier to pronounce than the true atoll names in Dhivehi, (save a few exceptions, like Ari Atoll) ( source Wikipedia )
http://wn.com/Kaafu_Atoll__Maldives_Islands
USS Saratoga, Bikini Atoll
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Published: 03 Nov 2006
- Uploaded: 23 Sep 2011
- Author: Lonesharkproductions
This is a short clip of the Saratoga, CV3, aircraft carrier of WW2, sunk 1946 in Baker blast, the 1st underwater detonation of an atomic weapon. Also shows some of the aircraft blown off the deck, now in 52m......
http://wn.com/USS_Saratoga,_Bikini_Atoll
Mailbag 2 - Hurricanes, atolls and coral
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Published: 31 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 02 Oct 2011
- Author: potholer54
Happy New Year to all my subscribers! This addresses a response to my video "Climate Change -- Hurricanes, atolls and corals," which, on investigation, revealed a major error by a news agency and a TV network. The moral of the story is that sticking the label "Global Warming" onto anything that moves is not going to help public understanding of climate science. SOURCES: "Rising Water threatens Panama islands" -- Al Jazeera www.youtube.com "Rising sea drives Panama islanders to mainland" by Sean Mattson, Reuters July 12, 2010 www.reuters.com Map of Caribbean tectonics from: "Wide Plate Margin Deformation, Southern Central America and Northwestern South America" R. Trenkamp et al. estrella.geol.sc.edu Paper showing influence of subsidence on tidal guages: "Changing coastal levels of South America and the Caribbean region from tide-gauge records" - DG Aubreya et al, 1988 Map showing isostatic uplift of Britain: www.neccap.org
http://wn.com/Mailbag_2__Hurricanes,_atolls_and_coral
11. Climate Change -- Hurricanes, atolls and coral
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:48
- Published: 23 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 30 Sep 2011
- Author: potholer54
Three more myths, misunderstood by both proponents and critics of climate science: Global Warming means more hurricanes, drowned islands and dead coral reefs. It's not that simple. Below are the sources for the hurricanes segment. The total list was too long, so I'll post it separately. 1) NBC news report: "Hurricanes and Global Warming Connection" on YouTube 2) "Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment" Webster et al, Science 2005 3) Half-degree increase in temp leads to approx 40% increase in hurricanes: "Large contribution of sea surface warming to recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity" -- Saunders and Lea, Nature 2008 4) 60- to 80- year hurricane cycle responsible for hurricane activity: "The Recent Increase in Atlantic Hurricane Activity: Causes and Implications." Goldenberg et al, Science 2001 5) Photo of Hurrican Igor showing temperature difference: earthobservatory.nasa.gov 6) Increased wind shear decreases hurricane activity: "The Recent Increase in Atlantic Hurricane Activity: Causes and Implications." -- Goldenberg et al, Science 2001 and "Increased tropical Atlantic wind shear in model projections of global warming" -- G. Vecchi, B. Soden, Geophysical Research Letters, 2007 7) paper postulating fewer tropical storms: "Tropical Cyclones and Global Climate Change: A Post-IPCC Assessment" -- Henderson-Sellers et al, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1998 8) Papers confirming fewer storms <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/11_Climate_Change_-_Hurricanes,_atolls_and_coral
addu atoll
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Published: 04 May 2008
- Uploaded: 26 Jan 2011
- Author: VlasovAlexey2008
some professional underwater video
http://wn.com/addu_atoll
Kiribati - Glimpses of North Tarawa Atoll
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:09
- Published: 11 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Sep 2011
- Author: sloepmouche
Sights around the North part of the atoll seen during our short visit in November 2010. Look on www.TropicalSailingLife.com for more about cruising details.
http://wn.com/Kiribati__Glimpses_of_North_Tarawa_Atoll
36. Ontong Java Atoll • Solomon Islands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Published: 20 May 2009
- Uploaded: 21 Aug 2011
- Author: 100PlacesToRemember
Wehave selected 100 unique places on Earth that are projected to undergo profound changes within the next few generations. We based our selection of the 100 places on the 4th Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Simply by drawing attention to the beauty of these places, 100 Places to Remember Before they Disappear creates an argument to preserve them. The 100 Places we have chosen to highlight, and the people who live in them, are in serious danger because of rising sea levels, rising temperatures and extreme weather events triggered by climate change. Among ambassadors are Joss Stone, Desmund Tutu for more info visit www.100places.com. A Lagoon of Fishermen at the Edge of the World People have been fishing and gathering coconuts on the isolated tropical Ontong Java Atoll in the far north of the Solomon Islands for at least 2000 years. One of the largest atolls in the world, the total land area is a mere 12 square kilometres, most of it less than two metres above sea level. The 122 small coral islands encircle a lagoon measuring more than 2500 square kilometres. Only two of the largest islands are permanently inhabited, and with a total population of 2000, this is one of the smallest, most isolated societies in the world. The islanders live off coconuts and fish. On the larger islands, they cultivate the tropical plant taro, which also forms an important part of their diet. The taro is grown in freshwater swamps artificially <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/36_Ontong_Java_Atoll_•_Solomon_Islands
Bikini Atoll Diving - 2003 (part1)
When I was asked in Dec. 2002 whether I fancied going to Bikini Atoll to dive I jumped at the chance....my bank balance is still recovering though! :)
http://wn.com/Bikini_Atoll_Diving__2003_part1
Addu Atoll - Maldives
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Published: 18 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 31 Aug 2011
- Author: THEWORLDOFTRAVEL
Addu Atoll is the southernmost atoll of the Maldives, and the only atoll fully located in the Southern Hemisphere. There are not many islands in this atoll, but many of them are large compared to the average size of islands in the Maldives. Most inhabited islands in Addu are in the western reef and these are Hithadhoo, Maradhoo, Feydhoo, Gan. All these islands are connected with each other through a road or causeway. The islands of Meedhoo, and Hulhudhoo share a large island in the east. The total population of Addu Atoll is just over 28000. ( source Wikipedia )
http://wn.com/Addu_Atoll__Maldives
Marshall Islands, Ebeye (Atolls) part 1 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:04
- Published: 14 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 22 Sep 2011
- Author: TheKrazySystem
"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use." Foreign Correspondent Return Ticket We gain rare access to a top-secret, Club Med style base in the vast Pacific which can 'see' everything that moves across a third of the globe and deep into space. But just across the lagoon lies a squalid third world.
http://wn.com/Marshall_Islands,_Ebeye_Atolls_part_1_of_2
Marshall Islands - Glimpses of Wotje Atoll - part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:57
- Published: 13 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Aug 2011
- Author: sloepmouche
Scenes and views of the islands during our visit in May 2011. Includes WWII relics on land as well as underwater. Look on www.TropicalSailingLife.com for more about cruising details.
http://wn.com/Marshall_Islands__Glimpses_of_Wotje_Atoll__part_1
Maldives X - The Malè Atolls
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Published: 18 Feb 2010
- Uploaded: 15 Aug 2011
- Author: PrincessJulianaIntl
fsxonlines.webs.com Covering more than 4000 sqkm the North- and South-Malè-Atolls are huge but the actual area of usable land is minute, and most holiday infrastructure is actually build on the water. It was also sadly missing in FSX, something one of our best designers solved with Maldives X, The Malè Atolls.
http://wn.com/Maldives_X__The_Malè_Atolls
ATOLL ADVENTURE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Published: 25 Sep 2008
- Uploaded: 30 Jan 2011
- Author: TurneffeFlats
Our Atoll Adventure Package is tailored for those interested in experiencing the wonderful and varied marine ecosystem of the Turneffe Atoll. With so much to do, it may take you more than one visit to see everything. Turneffe is the largest of only four coral atolls in the Western Hemisphere. Approximately 30 miles long and 10 miles wide, it is made up of a fringing coral reef extending around the entire atoll, miles of back reef flats, mangroves, turtle grass beds, littoral forest, channels and large central lagoons. The Atoll Adventure Package offers fully guided activities with our 25-foot boat, Sea King, at your disposal. This is a very flexible program and can be tailored to fit the particular interests of each group. Our Atoll Adventure guides are informative and fun. They know the flora and fauna of Turneffe intimately and are extremely adept at finding interesting things to see. All of our guides are excellent snorkelers and make our guests feel comfortable visiting the underwater wonders at Turneffe, even those that are not experienced snorkelers. Most guides are students of Maya history as well as the rest of Belize's history. There are several Atoll Adventure tours to choose from. Visit: www.tflats.com
http://wn.com/ATOLL_ADVENTURE
Bathala Island Resort, North Ari atoll Maldives Part 1
Promo video for this wonderful little island called Bathala surrounded by crystal clear water and a house reef just a few strokes away.
http://wn.com/Bathala_Island_Resort,_North_Ari_atoll_Maldives_Part_1
Maldives Surf Trip Outer Atolls 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Published: 09 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 27 Sep 2011
- Author: joaolcorreia
An amazing surf trip to the outer atolls s in the Maldives in early April 2011. A remote place with plenty of marine life and good waves.
http://wn.com/Maldives_Surf_Trip_Outer_Atolls_2011
Atomic Bomb Test at Bikini Atoll
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Published: 17 Jun 2008
- Uploaded: 04 Oct 2011
- Author: TheFederalistParty
Atomic Bomb Test at Bikini Atoll
http://wn.com/Atomic_Bomb_Test_at_Bikini_Atoll
Manta ray feeding frenzy, Hanifaru, Baa atoll, Maldives by Ian Wood
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Published: 23 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 14 Aug 2011
- Author: MrIanwoodyWood
In August and September time the monsoon winds cause prevailing currents that lead to huge blooms of plankton getting trapped in a fringing reef in Hanifaru bay. Manta rays then gather in a feeding frenzy unseen anywhere else on the planet. Hundreds and hundreds swoop by with the odd whale shark passing through too. The visibility is often well under 10 metres due to the high plankton levels which means that the manta rays and whale sharks appear out of the gloom.
http://wn.com/Manta_ray_feeding_frenzy,_Hanifaru,_Baa_atoll,_Maldives_by_Ian_Wood
Marshall Islands - Glimpses of Ailuk Atoll - part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:00
- Published: 14 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Aug 2011
- Author: sloepmouche
Scenes and views of the islands during our visit in June 2011. Includes the famous sailing canoes of the Marshall islands. Look on www.TropicalSailingLife.com for more about cruising details.
http://wn.com/Marshall_Islands__Glimpses_of_Ailuk_Atoll__part_1
11 Climate Change Hurricanes, atolls and coral from potholer54
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:48
- Published: 05 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 15 Jun 2011
- Author: realclimatescience
Three more myths, misunderstood by both proponents and critics of climate science: Global Warming means more hurricanes, drowned islands and dead coral reefs. It's not that simple. Below are the sources for the hurricanes segment. The total list was too long, so I'll post it separately. 1) NBC news report: "Hurricanes and Global Warming Connection" on YouTube 2) "Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment" Webster et al, Science 2005 3) Half-degree increase in temp leads to approx 40% increase in hurricanes: "Large contribution of sea surface warming to recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity" -- Saunders and Lea, Nature 2008 4) 60- to 80- year hurricane cycle responsible for hurricane activity: "The Recent Increase in Atlantic Hurricane Activity: Causes and Implications." Goldenberg et al, Science 2001 5) Photo of Hurrican Igor showing temperature difference: earthobservatory.nasa.gov 6) Increased wind shear decreases hurricane activity: "The Recent Increase in Atlantic Hurricane Activity: Causes and Implications." -- Goldenberg et al, Science 2001 and "Increased tropical Atlantic wind shear in model projections of global warming" -- G. Vecchi, B. Soden, Geophysical Research Letters, 2007 7) paper postulating fewer tropical storms: "Tropical Cyclones and Global Climate Change: A Post-IPCC Assessment" -- Henderson-Sellers et al, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1998 8) Papers confirming fewer storms <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/11_Climate_Change_Hurricanes,_atolls_and_coral_from_potholer54
Atolls Sailing: wind, flat seas and dolphins 2004
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:47
- Published: 30 Oct 2008
- Uploaded: 27 Aug 2010
- Author: SVBlueDawn
Perfect condition in a dream location: the Maldives
http://wn.com/Atolls_Sailing_wind,_flat_seas_and_dolphins_2004
![A Sarin-filled M55 rocket being destroyed at Johnston Atoll in 1990.During the 1960s the Army stored many M55s at Black Hills Army Depot.[2] The M55 was also stored at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal and in Okinawa, Japan.](http://web.archive.org./web/20111026140327/http://cdn5.wn.com/pd/5a/c1/dd11431b8b87e8ccebddce973e6a_medium.jpg "A Sarin-filled M55 rocket being destroyed at Johnston Atoll in 1990.During the 1960s the Army stored many M55s at Black Hills Army Depot.[2] The M55 was also stored at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal and in Okinawa, Japan.")
photo: Creative Commons / Stefan Lins
07 Oct 2011
WELLINGTON (Reuters) - A drought-stricken Pacific island nation is down to its last few days of water, prompting a mercy dash by New Zealand and Australia with water-making equipment. Tuvalu, the...
size: 1.8Kb
size: 1.8Kb
Most Popular
RELATED LINKS
- Aitutaki
- Aldabra
- algae
- Aranuka
- Ari Atoll
- Atlantic Ocean
- atoll
- Bassas de Pedro
- Bermuda
- biotic potential
- Bora Bora
- calcite
- calcium carbonate
- Caribbean Sea
- Caroline Islands
- Chagos Archipelago
- Charles Darwin
- Chesterfield Islands
- Chuuk
- Colombia
- Continent
- coral
- Coral Reef
- Coral Sea
- Coral Sea Islands
- detritus (biology)
- Dhivehi language
- dolomite
- dolomitization
- Ducie Island
- Elizabeth Reef
- English language
- Equator
- erosion
- fringing reef
- George W. Bush
- glacier
- Great Chagos Bank
- Gulf Stream
- guyot
- hermatypic
- HMS Beagle
- Huvadhu
- Huvadhu Atoll
- ice age
- Indian Ocean
- Indo-Aryan language
- Indonesia
- island
- islet
- Islomania
- Kaafu Atoll
- Kiribati
- Kiritimati
- Kolhumadulhu Atoll
- Kure Atoll
- Kwajalein
- Laccadive Islands
- lagoon
- Lansdowne Bank
Denver Post
Students buy sweet drinks in reused bottles in Funafuti, Tuvalu. The nation could become a bellwether for low-lying islands, where rising oceans threaten to taint groundwater. FUNAFUTI, Tuvalu — Palelei Tovia recalls how Tuvalu islanders used to survive droughts with all-night vigils at wells...
size: 2.3Kb
size: 2.3Kb
Upat napatay atol sa fiesta
05 Oct 2011
Sun Star
UPAT ang patay -- duha nabiktima sa pagpmusil -- usa gidunggab, samtang lain ang nabiktima sa hit-and-run atol sa piyesta nga gipahigayon sa mi-aging gabii sa lungsud sa Dumanjug, Cebu. Si Cristo Ornadañeza, hingkod ang panuigon taga Barangay Minolos, Barili gidungab-patay mga ala 6:15 sa kagabhion...
size: 2.7Kb
size: 2.7Kb
Airlines fight back over ATOL reform proposals
15 Sep 2011
TravelDailyNews
The Board of Airline Representatives in the UK (BAR UK) has presented strong concerns to the Dft over the ATOL Reform Consultation which closed yesterday. In its detailed submission on behalf of 86 member airlines, BAR UK cites three main areas where the proposals are wholly inadequate in...
size: 1.9Kb
size: 1.9Kb
TravelDailyNews
In the run-up to the submission of its full response to the Department for Transport’s ATOL Reform proposals, ABTA is repeating its call for airlines to be included in the scheme, and expressing its concerns about the feasibility of a January 2012 launch. Early analysis of results from...
size: 2.1Kb
size: 2.1Kb
'Safety' now a reality in Atolls
15 Aug 2011
Papua New Guinea Post
SAFETY for Papua New Guinea's most North-Eastern communities - the MV Bougainville Atolls - has finally become a reality. And it is thanks to the Government's speedy action through the Border Development Authority (BDA) who on Friday delivered their first ever sea craft the MV Bougainville Atolls in...
size: 2.9Kb
size: 2.9Kb
ATIPAC welcomes ATOL reform
01 Aug 2011
TravelDailyNews
The Air Travel Insolvency Protection Advisory Committee (ATIPAC) has welcomed the Government’s proposals to reform ATOL. It has long held the view that the current ATOL protection system had not kept pace with changes in the way holiday travel services are provided and consumers purchase...
size: 1.9Kb
size: 1.9Kb
atoll in Tokelau in the Pacific Ocean.]]
Saya de Malha Bank, Western Indian Ocean (35000 km²) (without separate North Bank), submerged, least depth 7 m,
Lansdowne Bank, west of New Caledonia (21000 km²), submerged, least depth 3.7 m
Great Chagos Bank (12642 km², land area only 4.5 km²)
Reed Bank, Spratly Islands (8866 km²), submerged, least depth 9 m
Macclesfield Bank, South China Sea (6448 km²), submerged, least depth 9.2 m
North Bank (Ritchie Bank, north of Saya de Malha Bank) (5800 km²), submerged, least depth <10 m
Rosalind Bank, Caribbean Sea (4500 km²), submerged, least depth 7.3 m
Boduthiladhunmathi (Thiladhunmathi-Miladhunmadulu) Atoll, Maldives, (two names, but a single atoll structure) (3850 km², land area 51 km²)
Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia (3500 km², land area <10 km²)
Huvadhu Atoll, Maldives (3152 km², land area 38.5 km²)
Truk Lagoon, Chuuk (3130 km²)
Sabalana Islands, Indonesia (2694 km²)
Nukuoro atoll, Federated States of Micronesia, lagoon, is 40 km², land area of 1.7 km², divided among more than 40 islets that lie on the northern, eastern and southern sides of the lagoon
Lihou Reef, Coral Sea (2529 km², land area 1 km²)
Bassas de Pedro (2474.33 km²), submerged, least depth 16.4 m
Ardasier Bank, Spratly Islands (2347 km²), cay on the south side?
Kwajalein, Marshall Islands (2304 km², land area 16.4 km²)
Diamond Islets Bank, Coral Sea (2282 km², land area <1 km²)
Namonuito Atoll, Chuuk (2267 km², land area 4.4 km²)
Ari Atoll, Maldives (2252 km², land area 69 km²)
Maro Reef, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, 1934 km²
Rangiroa, Tuamotu Islands (1762 km², land area 79 km²)
Kolhumadulhu Atoll, Maldives (1617 km², land area 79 km²)
North Malé Atoll, Maldives (1565 km², land area 69 km²)
Ontong Java, Solomon Islands (1500 km², land area 12 km²)
Continent
Coral Reef
Guyot
Island
Islomania
Peninsula
Pseudo-atoll
Darwin, C. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. London.
Dobbs, David. 2005. Reef Madness : Charles Darwin, Alexander Agassiz, and the Meaning of Coral. Pantheon. ISBN 0-375-42161-0
Fairbridge, R. W. 1950. Recent and Pleistocene coral reefs of Australia. J. Geol., 58(4): 330–401.
McNeil, F. S. 1954. Organic reefs and banks and associated detrital sediments. Amer. J. Sci., 252(7): 385–401.
Formation of Bermuda reefs
Darwin's Volcano - a short video discussing Darwin and Agassiz' coral reef formation debate
An atoll ( or ) is a coral island (or islands) that encircles a lagoon partially or completely.
Usage
The word atoll comes from the Dhivehi (an Indo-Aryan language spoken on the Maldive Islands) word atholhu (Dhivehi: އަތޮޅު, )OED. Its first recorded use in English was in 1625 as atollon - Charles Darwin recognized its indigenous origin and coined, in his The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, the definition of atolls as "..circular groups of coral islets [...] and [the word] is synonymous with 'lagoon-island'." (1842, p. 2). More modern definitions of atoll are those of McNeil (1954, p. 396) as "..an annular reef enclosing a lagoon in which there are no promontories other than reefs and islets composed of reef detritus" and Fairbridge (1950, p. 341) "...in an exclusively morphological sense, [as] ...a ring-shaped ribbon reef enclosing a lagoon." by NASA. A total of 1322 islands arranged into 26 atolls make up the country.]]
Distribution and size
The distribution of atolls around the globe is instructive: most of the world's atolls are in the Pacific Ocean (with concentrations in the Tuamotu Islands, Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands, Coral Sea Islands, and the island groups of Kiribati, Tuvalu and Tokelau) and Indian Ocean (the Atolls of the Maldives, the Laccadive Islands, the Chagos Archipelago and the Outer Islands of the Seychelles). The Atlantic Ocean has no large groups of atolls, other than eight atolls east of Nicaragua that belong to the Colombian department of San Andres and Providencia in the Caribbean Sea.Reef-building corals will thrive only in warm tropical and subtropical waters of oceans and seas, and therefore atolls are only found in the tropics and subtropics. The northernmost atoll of the world is Kure Atoll at 28°24' N, along with other atolls of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The southernmost atolls of the world are Elizabeth Reef at 29°58' S, and nearby Middleton Reef at 29°29' S, in the Tasman Sea, both of which are part of the Coral Sea Islands Territory. The next southerly atoll is Ducie Island in the Pitcairn Islands Group, at 24°40' S. Bermuda is sometimes claimed as the "northernmost atoll" at a latitude of 32°24' N. At this latitude coral reefs would not develop without the warming waters of the Gulf Stream. However, Bermuda is what is termed a pseudo-atoll because its general form, while resembling that of an atoll, has a very different mode of formation. While there is no atoll directly on the Equator, the closest atoll to the Equator is Aranuka of Kiribati, with its southern tip just 12 km North of the Equator.
from space. Courtesy NASA.]]
The largest atolls by total area (lagoon plus reef and dry land) are listed below:
In most cases, the land area of an atoll is very small in comparison to the total area. According to, Lifou (land area 1146 km²) is the largest raised coral atoll of the world, followed by Rennell Island (660 km²). More sources however list as the largest atoll in the world in terms of land area Kiritimati, which is also a raised coral atoll (321.37 km² land area; according to other sources even 575 km²), 160 km² main lagoon, 168 km² other lagoons (according to other sources 319 km² total lagoon size). The remains of an ancient atoll as a hill in a limestone area is called a reef knoll. The second largest atoll by dry land area is Aldabra with 155 km². The largest atoll in terms of island numbers is Huvadhu Atoll in the south of the Maldives with 255 islands.
Formation
In 1842 Darwin explained the creation of coral atolls in the southern Pacific Ocean based upon observations made during a five-year voyage aboard the HMS Beagle from 1831 to 1836. Accepted as basically correct, his explanation involved considering that several tropical island types—from high volcanic island, through barrier reef island, to atoll—represented a sequence of gradual subsidence of what started as an oceanic volcano. He reasoned that a fringing coral reef surrounding a volcanic island in the tropical sea will grow upwards as the island subsides (sinks), becoming an "almost atoll", or barrier reef island, as typified by an island such as Aitutaki in the Cook Islands, Bora Bora and others in the Society Islands. The fringing reef becomes a barrier reef for the reason that the outer part of the reef maintains itself near sea level through biotic growth, while the inner part of the reef falls behind, becoming a lagoon because conditions are less favorable for the coral and calcareous algae responsible for most reef growth. In time, subsidence carries the old volcano below the ocean surface and the barrier reef remains. At this point, the island has become an atoll.
Atolls are the product of the growth of tropical marine organisms, and so these islands are only found in warm tropical waters. Volcanic islands located beyond the warm water temperature requirements of reef building, or hermatypic, organisms become seamounts as they subside and are eroded away at the surface. An island that is located where the ocean water temperatures are just sufficiently warm for upward reef growth to keep pace with the rate of subsidence is said to be at the Darwin Point. Islands in colder, more polar regions evolve towards seamounts or guyots; warmer, more equatorial islands evolve towards atolls, for example Kure Atoll.
Reginald Aldworth Daly offered a somewhat different explanation for atoll formation: islands worn away by erosion, by ocean waves and streams, during the last glacial stand of the sea of some below present sea level developed as coral islands (atolls), or barrier reefs on a platform surrounding a volcanic island not completely worn away, as sea level gradually rose from melting of the glaciers. Discovery of the great depth of the volcanic remnant beneath many atolls such as at Midway Atoll favors the Darwin explanation, although there can be little doubt that fluctuating sea level has had considerable influence on atolls and other reefs.
Coral atolls are also an important place where dolomitization of calcite occurs. At certain depths water is undersaturated in calcium carbonate but saturated in dolomite. Convection created by tides and sea currents enhance this change. Hydrothermal currents created by volcanoes under the atoll may also play an important role.
United States national monuments
atoll, part of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument.]] As of January 6, 2009 U.S. President Bush announced that several remote Pacific islands under U.S. jurisdiction are now national monuments, protecting coral reefs.
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Category:Coastal and oceanic landforms Category:Islands
ar:شعب حلقي az:Mərcan adaları zh-min-nan:San-ô͘-tó be-x-old:Атол bs:Atol bg:Атол ca:Atol cs:Atol cy:Atol da:Atol de:Atoll et:Atoll el:Ατόλλη es:Atolón eo:Atolo eu:Atoloi fa:آتول fr:Atoll fy:Atol gl:Atol ko:환초 hi:एटोल hr:Atol io:Atolo id:Atol is:Hringrif it:Atollo he:אטול ka:ატოლი kk:Атолл sw:Atolli la:Atollum lv:Atols lt:Atolas hu:Atoll mk:Атол ml:അടോലുകൾ nl:Atol (geologie) ja:環礁 no:Atoll nn:Atoll nov:Atole km:អាតុល pl:Atol pt:Atol ro:Atol ru:Атолл simple:Atoll sk:Atol sl:Atol sr:Атол fi:Atolli sv:Atoll tl:Karang th:อะทอลล์ tr:Mercan adası uk:Атол vec:Atolo vi:Đảo san hô vòng zh:環礁This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
