published: 04 Apr 2012
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
Branches of Mathematics
Pure mathematics
Applied mathematics
- Dynamical systems and differential equations
- Mathematical physics
- Computing
- Information theory and signal processing
- Probability and statistics
- Game theory
- Operations research
Related Topics
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Linear Equations
- Applied Physics
- Nano Technology
- Engineering Sciences
- Mathematical Medicine
- Fluid dynamics
- Computational Mathematics
- Gamma Ray Optics
- Onfrared Optics
- Relative Velocity
- Iciam
- Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience Research
- Quantum Cosmology
- Brain Research
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- A System of Logic
- A. J. Ayer
- Abstract object
- Abstraction
- Alan Turing
- Alexander Bain
- Alvin Goldman
- Ambiguity
- Analytic philosophy
- Aristotle
- Arthur Schopenhauer
- Averroes
- Baruch Spinoza
- Behaviorism
- Benjamin Lee Whorf
- Bertrand Russell
- C. D. Broad
- Carl Benjamin Boyer
- Carl Jung
- Categorization
- Category (Kant)
- Chinese room
- Class (philosophy)
- Cognition
- Cognitive science
- Concept
- Concept and object
- Concept learning
- Concept map
- Conceptual art
- Conceptual blending
- Conceptual framework
- Conceptual history
- Conceptual model
- Confucius
- Consciousness
- Contrastivism
- Conventionalism
- Conveyed concept
- Cratylism
- Cratylus (dialogue)
- Daniel Dennett
- Deconstruction
- Definitionism
- Derivative
- Dharmakirti
- Dog
- Dover Publications
- Dramatism
- Edmund Husserl
- Edward Sapir
- Emergent materialism
- Entity
- Epiphenomenalism
- Expressivism
- Franz Boas
- Fritz Mauthner
- Fuzzy concept
- G. E. Moore
- Gilbert Ryle
- Gottlob Frege
- Gustav Bergmann
- Hans-Georg Gadamer
- Henri Bergson
- Ibn Khaldun
- Idea
- Ideasthesia
- Immanuel Kant
- Information science
- Ingenuity
- Integral
- Intelligence
- Intension
- Intentionality
- Introspection
- J. L. Austin
- Jacques Derrida
- John Locke
- John Searle
- John Stuart Mill
- Kant
- Karl Popper
- Kurt Gödel
- Language
- Language of thought
- Leonard Bloomfield
- Lev Vygotsky
- Limit (mathematics)
- Limited Inc
- Linguistics
- Logic
- Logical atomism
- Logical form
- Logical positivism
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
- Martin Heidegger
- Marvin Minsky
- Materialism
- Meme
- Mental event
- Mental image
- Mental process
- Mental property
- Metalanguage
- Metaphors
- Metaphysics
- Mind
- Mind–body problem
- MIT Press
- Monism
- Naïve realism
- Ned Block
- Neutral monism
- Nietzsche
- Noam Chomsky
- Nominalism
- Non-cognitivism
- Notion (philosophy)
- Object (philosophy)
- Of Grammatology
- P. F. Strawson
- Pain (philosophy)
- Paul Grice
- Paul Ricœur
- Paul Tillich
- Perception
- Phallogocentrism
- Phenomenalism
- Philosophical logic
- Philosophy
- Philosophy of mind
- Philosophy of self
- Physicalism
- Plato
- Pragmatics
- Pragmatism
- Predicate (grammar)
- Property dualism
- Proposition
- Pyrrhonism
- Qualia
- Quality (philosophy)
- Quietism
- Recept
- Red
- Relevance theory
- René Descartes
- Rhetoric
- Richard Rorty
- Rudolf Carnap
- Saul Kripke
- Schema (Kant)
- Scholasticism
- Semantic externalism
- Semantic holism
- Semantics
- Semiotica
- Semiotics
- Sense and reference
- Set (mathematics)
- Sign (semiotics)
- Social construction
- Solipsism
- Speech act
- Statement (logic)
- Stoicism
- Structuralism
- Substance dualism
- Supposition theory
- Symbiosism
- Symbol
- Symbol grounding
- Søren Kierkegaard
- Tabula rasa
- Thomas Hobbes
- Thomas Nagel
- Truth-bearer
- Type physicalism
- Understanding
- Vasubandhu
- Verification theory
- Wikisource
- Wilhelm von Humboldt
- William James
- Xun Zi
- Zhuangzi
-
A. J. Ayer
http://wn.com/A_J_Ayer -
Alan Turing
http://wn.com/Alan_Turing -
Alexander Bain
http://wn.com/Alexander_Bain -
Aristotle
http://wn.com/Aristotle -
Arthur Schopenhauer
http://wn.com/Arthur_Schopenhauer -
Averroes
http://wn.com/Averroes -
Baruch Spinoza
http://wn.com/Baruch_Spinoza -
Benjamin Lee Whorf
Benjamin Lee Whorf (April 24, 1897 in Winthrop, Massachusetts – July 26, 1941) was an American linguist. Whorf is widely known for his ideas about linguistic relativity, the hypothesis that language influences thought. An important theme in many of his publications, he has been credited as one of the fathers of this approach, often referred to as the "Sapir-Whorf hypothesis", named after him and his mentor Edward Sapir. Originally educated as a chemical engineer, he took up an interest in linguistics late in his life, studying with Sapir at Yale University. In the last ten years of his life he dedicated his spare time to linguistic studies, doing field work on Native American languages in the US and Mexico. He managed to become one of the most influential linguists of his time, even while still working as a fire inspector for the Hartford Fire Insurance Company. He published a grammar of the Hopi language, studies of Nahuatl dialects, Maya hieroglyphic writing, and the first attempt at a reconstruction of Uto-Aztecan. He also published many articles in the most prestigious linguistic journals, many of them dealing with the ways in which he saw that different linguistic systems affected the thought systems and habitual behaviour of language users.
http://wn.com/Benjamin_Lee_Whorf -
Bertrand Russell
http://wn.com/Bertrand_Russell -
C. D. Broad
C. D. Broad (full name Charlie Dunbar Broad; 30 December 1887 - 11 March 1971) was an English epistemologist, historian of philosophy, philosopher of science, moral philosopher, and writer on the philosophical aspects of psychical research. He was known for his thorough and dispassionate examinations of arguments in such works as The Mind and Its Place in Nature, published in 1925, Scientific Thought, published in 1930, and ''Examination of McTaggart's Philosophy'', published in 1933.
http://wn.com/C_D_Broad -
Carl Benjamin Boyer
http://wn.com/Carl_Benjamin_Boyer -
Carl Jung
http://wn.com/Carl_Jung -
Confucius
http://wn.com/Confucius -
Daniel Dennett
Daniel Clement Dennett (born March 28, 1942 in Boston) is an American philosopher and cognitive scientist whose research centers on the philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science. He graduated from Harvard with a B.A in philosophy, then after completing his D.Phil at the University of Oxford. He is currently the co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies, the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, and a University Professor at Tufts University. Dennett is a noted atheist and secularist, a member of the Secular Coalition for America advisory board, as well as a prominent advocate of the Brights movement.
http://wn.com/Daniel_Dennett -
Edmund Husserl
http://wn.com/Edmund_Husserl -
Edward Sapir
Edward Sapir (), (January 26, 1884 – February 4, 1939) was a German-born American anthropologist-linguist and a leader in American structural linguistics. He was one of the creators of what is now called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. He was a highly influential figure in American linguistics, influencing several generations of linguists across several schools of the discipline.
http://wn.com/Edward_Sapir -
Franz Boas
Franz Boas (July 9, 1858 – December 21, 1942) was a German American anthropologist a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the "Father of American Anthropology" and "the Father of Modern Anthropology." Like many such pioneers, he trained in other disciplines; he received his doctorate in physics, and did post-doctoral work in geography. He applied the scientific method to the study of human cultures and societies; previously this discipline was based on the formulation of grand theories around anecdotal knowledge.
http://wn.com/Franz_Boas -
G. E. Moore
:"G.E. Moore" redirects here. For the cofounder of Intel, see Gordon Moore.
http://wn.com/G_E_Moore -
Gilbert Ryle
Gilbert Ryle (19 August 1900, Brighton – 6 October 1976, Oxford), was a British philosopher, and a representative of the generation of British ordinary language philosophers that shared Wittgenstein's approach to philosophical problems, and is principally known for his critique of Cartesian dualism, for which he coined the phrase "the ghost in the machine". Some of his ideas in the philosophy of mind have been referred to as "behaviourist" (not to be confused with the psychological behaviourism of B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson). Ryle's best known book is The Concept of Mind (1949), in which he writes that the "general trend of this book will undoubtedly, and harmlessly, be stigmatised as 'behaviourist'." Ryle, having engaged in detailed study of the key works of Bernard Bolzano, Franz Brentano, Alexius Meinong, Husserl, and Heidegger, himself suggested instead that the book "could be described as a sustained essay in phenomenology, if you are at home with that label."
http://wn.com/Gilbert_Ryle -
Gottlob Frege
http://wn.com/Gottlob_Frege -
Gustav Bergmann
http://wn.com/Gustav_Bergmann -
Hans-Georg Gadamer
Hans-Georg Gadamer (; February 11, 1900 – March 13, 2002) was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 magnum opus, Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Methode).
http://wn.com/Hans-Georg_Gadamer -
Henri Bergson
http://wn.com/Henri_Bergson -
Ibn Khaldun
http://wn.com/Ibn_Khaldun -
Immanuel Kant
http://wn.com/Immanuel_Kant -
J. L. Austin
http://wn.com/J_L_Austin -
Jacques Derrida
Jacques Derrida () (15 July 1930 – 8 October 2004) was a French philosopher born in Algeria. He developed the critical technique known as deconstruction, and his work has been associated both with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy. His prolific output of more than 40 published books, together with essays and public speaking, has had a significant impact upon the humanities, particularly on literary theory and continental philosophy. His best known assertion with regard to his methodology is that "there is no outside-the-text."
http://wn.com/Jacques_Derrida -
John Locke
http://wn.com/John_Locke -
John Searle
John Rogers Searle (born July 31, 1932 in Denver, Colorado) is an American philosopher and currently the Slusser Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. Searle began his college education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and subsequently became a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University where he earned an undergraduate degree and a doctorate in philosophy and ethics. Widely noted for his contributions to the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and social philosophy, he began teaching at Berkeley in 1959, where, among his many distinctions, he was the first tenured professor to join the Free Speech Movement. He received the Jean Nicod Prize in 2000, and the National Humanities Medal in 2004.
http://wn.com/John_Searle -
John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873) was a British philosopher and civil servant. An influential contributor to social theory, political theory, and political economy, his conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control. He was a proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by Jeremy Bentham, although his conception of it was very different from Bentham's. Hoping to remedy the problems found in an inductive approach to science, such as confirmation bias, he clearly set forth the premises of falsification as the key component in the scientific method. Mill was also a Member of Parliament and an important figure in liberal political philosophy.
http://wn.com/John_Stuart_Mill -
Kant
http://wn.com/Kant -
Karl Popper
http://wn.com/Karl_Popper -
Kurt Gödel
http://wn.com/Kurt_Gödel -
Leonard Bloomfield
http://wn.com/Leonard_Bloomfield -
Lev Vygotsky
http://wn.com/Lev_Vygotsky -
Ludwig Wittgenstein
http://wn.com/Ludwig_Wittgenstein -
Martin Heidegger
http://wn.com/Martin_Heidegger -
Marvin Minsky
Marvin Lee Minsky (born August 9, 1927) is an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy.
http://wn.com/Marvin_Minsky -
Ned Block
Ned Block (born 1942) is an American philosopher working in the field of the philosophy of mind who has made important contributions to matters of consciousness and cognitive science. He obtained his Ph.D. from Harvard University under Hilary Putnam and was a professor of philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for many years, and now teaches at New York University (NYU).
http://wn.com/Ned_Block -
Nietzsche
http://wn.com/Nietzsche -
Noam Chomsky
Avram Noam Chomsky ( or ; born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, and political activist. He is an Institute Professor and professor emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Chomsky is well known in the academic and scientific community as one of the fathers of modern linguistics, and a major figure of analytic philosophy. Since the 1960s, he has become known more widely as a political dissident and an anarchist, referring to himself as a libertarian socialist. Chomsky is the author of more than 100 books and has received worldwide attention for his views, despite being typically absent from the mainstream media.
http://wn.com/Noam_Chomsky -
P. F. Strawson
Sir Peter Frederick Strawson FBA (23 November 1919 – 13 February 2006) was an English philosopher. He was the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at the University of Oxford (Magdalen College) from 1968 to 1987. Before that he was appointed as a college lecturer at University College, Oxford in 1947 and became a tutorial fellow the following year until 1968. On his retirement in 1987, he returned to the college and continued working there until shortly before his death.
http://wn.com/P_F_Strawson -
Paul Grice
Herbert Paul Grice (March 13, 1913, Birmingham, England – August 28, 1988, Berkeley, California), usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a British-educated philosopher of language, who spent the final two decades of his career in the United States.
http://wn.com/Paul_Grice -
Paul Ricœur
http://wn.com/Paul_Ricœur -
Paul Tillich
http://wn.com/Paul_Tillich -
Plato
:For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation) and Platon (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Plato -
René Descartes
http://wn.com/René_Descartes -
Richard Rorty
http://wn.com/Richard_Rorty -
Rudolf Carnap
Rudolf Carnap (May 18, 1891 – September 14, 1970) was an influential German-born philosopher who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a leading member of the Vienna Circle and a prominent advocate of logical positivism.
http://wn.com/Rudolf_Carnap -
Saul Kripke
Saul Aaron Kripke (born November 13, 1940) is an American philosopher and logician. He is a professor emeritus at Princeton and teaches as a Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at CUNY Graduate Center. Since the 1960s Kripke has been a central figure in a number of fields related to mathematical logic, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, metaphysics, epistemology, and set theory. Much of his work remains unpublished or exists only as tape-recordings and privately circulated manuscripts (see "Unpublished Manuscripts and Online Lectures" below). Kripke was the recipient of the 2001 Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy. A recent poll conducted among philosophers ranked Kripke among the top ten most important philosophers of the past 200 years.
http://wn.com/Saul_Kripke -
Søren Kierkegaard
http://wn.com/Søren_Kierkegaard -
Thomas Hobbes
http://wn.com/Thomas_Hobbes -
Thomas Nagel
Thomas Nagel (born July 4, 1937 in Belgrade, in present-day Serbia) is an American philosopher, currently University Professor of Philosophy and Law at New York University, where he has taught since 1980. His main areas of philosophical interest are philosophy of mind, political philosophy and ethics. He is well-known for his critique of reductionist accounts of the mind in his essay "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?" (1974), and for his contributions to deontological and liberal moral and political theory in The Possibility of Altruism (1970) and subsequent writings.
http://wn.com/Thomas_Nagel -
Vasubandhu
http://wn.com/Vasubandhu -
Wilhelm von Humboldt
http://wn.com/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt -
William James
:This article is about the American psychologist and philosopher. For other people named William James see William James (disambiguation)
http://wn.com/William_James
karaoke
Just in time a brand new version a little buying power and a brand excursion well it all sucks subbumbed are we it's all relating back to a monopoly well if I buy I buy the farm it takes alot of sway to take away the harm and come and touch the bright blye sky i'm always looking back and I know why we're on crashed concrete enough to take the flow and thus extreme we're on crashed concept curiousity makes us exempt and I don't know but I will bute the hand that makes it go we're on track en route conform today just in line to buy the version it doesn't take a lot to figues out the urgency it all makes alot of sence to try and push the buyer to fall off the fence and if I buy I buy the farm it takes alot sway to take away the harm and come and touch the bright blue sky i'm always looking back and I know why.
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Insight
- Relax
- Afterlife
- Lose Myself
- Soulhop
- Let Go (Samurai Champloo)
- First Light
- Rejuvenation (Nujabes Tribute)
- Stay With Me
- Transcend
- Worldwide
- Switch Mode
- Marty Mc Gravy
- Under My Control
- Alternate Rotation
- Parallel Universe
- Postmodern
- People In Power
- Magnetic Fields
- Contaminate
- Micro Express
- Paranormal Phenoma
- Cloning Area
- Lost Satellite
- Human Thing
- Shamanik Dreams
- Sharp Phase
- Fucking Crazy
- The Dark Edge
- Images of U.F.O.
- Mind Tricks
- Turbulance
- Glow Into the Flow
- The Future
- Existenz
- Alien Macro Technology
- Resonate
- Point of View
- Cinematography
- Camden
- Shake
- World Divided
- Illustrations
- The Third Wave
- Slip & Slide
- Preset Acid Test
- Knowledge, Part 1
- Coffee on the Thames
- Destinations
- Knowledge, Part 2
- My Commodore 64
- Rockfilter
- Waveform
- Gothic Voices
- Blue Voyage
- Angel of Truth
- Evolution!
- The Theme
- 1988
- Eternal Life
- The Night the Earth Stood Still
- Bonus Track
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Project Glass: One day...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 04 Apr 2012
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Views: 18050589 http://wn.com/Project_Glass_One_day
iPhone 5 Concept Features
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Published: 23 Aug 2011
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Views: 64353861 http://wn.com/iPhone_5_Concept_Features
Microsoft's Concept of How 2019 Will Look Like - Official Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:46
- Published: 28 Oct 2011
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Views: 157629 http://wn.com/Microsoft's_Concept_of_How_2019_Will_Look_Like_Official_Video
Teenage Fanclub - The Concept (audio only)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:08
- Published: 13 Aug 2007
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 194122 http://wn.com/Teenage_Fanclub_The_Concept_audio_only
The Royal Concept - Gimme Twice (Unofficial Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Published: 09 Dec 2011
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Views: 225880 http://wn.com/The_Royal_Concept_Gimme_Twice_Unofficial_Video
Audi Quattro Concept official promo - narrated
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Published: 26 Nov 2010
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Views: 1251756 http://wn.com/Audi_Quattro_Concept_official_promo_narrated
Concept Bikes Extravaganza Slideshow!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:53
- Published: 03 Sep 2009
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 3301361 http://wn.com/Concept_Bikes_Extravaganza_Slideshow!
Volvo Electric Car ReCharge Concept hybrid In-Wheel Motor EV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:15
- Published: 07 Sep 2007
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Views: 379847 http://wn.com/Volvo_Electric_Car_ReCharge_Concept_hybrid_In-Wheel_Motor_EV
New iPad 3 Concept Features
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Published: 28 Feb 2012
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Views: 7883373 http://wn.com/New_iPad_3_Concept_Features
Concept Line Phone
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Published: 18 Jan 2011
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Views: 590809 http://wn.com/Concept_Line_Phone
Nokia Morph Concept (long)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Published: 25 Feb 2008
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Views: 4350785 http://wn.com/Nokia_Morph_Concept_long
The Future by Airbus - Concept plane cabin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Published: 15 Jun 2011
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 235901 http://wn.com/The_Future_by_Airbus_Concept_plane_cabin
► Mazda SHINARI Concept - teaser
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Published: 06 Nov 2010
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 164587 http://wn.com/►_Mazda_SHINARI_Concept_teaser
Azureus Rising - Proof of Concept
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:37
- Published: 17 May 2010
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Views: 1097339 http://wn.com/Azureus_Rising_Proof_of_Concept
The Concept - DD-Dance (Official video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Published: 07 Mar 2012
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Views: 57802 http://wn.com/The_Concept_DD-Dance_Official_video
The Concept A-CLASS Interior Design
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Published: 25 Jul 2011
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Views: 99656 http://wn.com/The_Concept_A-CLASS_Interior_Design
Young Adult Soundtrack Teenage Fanclub - The Concept (lyric)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:08
- Published: 02 Mar 2012
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 40007 http://wn.com/Young_Adult_Soundtrack_Teenage_Fanclub_The_Concept_lyric
Teenage Fanclub - The Concept (94, Irving Plaza)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Published: 12 Jun 2007
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Views: 109108 http://wn.com/Teenage_Fanclub_The_Concept_94,_Irving_Plaza
iPad Keyboard Prototype
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Published: 02 May 2012
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Views: 750773 http://wn.com/iPad_Keyboard_Prototype
Jimmy Eat World - The Concept
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Published: 11 Apr 2010
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Views: 36052 http://wn.com/Jimmy_Eat_World_The_Concept
Longhorn concept
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Published: 24 Oct 2006
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Views: 979699 http://wn.com/Longhorn_concept
Porsche 918 Spyder Concept Promotional Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Published: 02 Mar 2010
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Views: 437857 http://wn.com/Porsche_918_Spyder_Concept_Promotional_Video
iPhone 5 Concept
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:55
- Published: 04 Sep 2012
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 1840302 http://wn.com/iPhone_5_Concept
WN / RTayco
Creative Commons / David Villarreal Fernández
Creative Commons / OSX
Creative Commons / Overlaet
Creative Commons / Noebu
Public Domain / IFCAR
WN / RTayco
WN / RTayco
Creative Commons / Karthikeyan.pandian
NASA / JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle![An early concept drawing of the memorial and the Alexander Graham Bell Gardens, c.1909.[5]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121028185158im_/http://cdn6.wn.com/pd/c2/20/c86ad93523aebe94792ed5ef9d0c_small.jpg "An early concept drawing of the memorial and the Alexander Graham Bell Gardens, c.1909.[5]")
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Dark hyena (talk | contribs)
Creative Commons / J. Michael Scarborough
Creative Commons / Brianza2008
Creative Commons / Pline
Creative Commons / Cd637
Public Domain / Daderot
Public Domain / Daderot
Public Domain / Daderot
Public Domain / Daderot
Public Domain / IFCAR
Public Domain / Sadik Khalid
Public Domain / Daderot
Public Domain / Daderot
Creative Commons / Srobak
Public Domain / IFCAR
Creative Commons / Stephen Bain
Public Domain / Davidt8
Public Domain / Davidt8
WN / Nobuyoshi Tsuji
![An early concept drawing of the memorial and the Alexander Graham Bell Gardens, c.1909.[5]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121028185158/http://cdn0.wn.com/pd/c2/20/c86ad93523aebe94792ed5ef9d0c_medium.jpg "An early concept drawing of the memorial and the Alexander Graham Bell Gardens, c.1909.[5]")
Photo: WN / Yolanda Leyba
26 Oct 2012
Related topics virgin auctionvirginity auction Advertisement A 20 year-old Brazilian student has sold her virginity for the sum of $780,000 through an online auction on a website simply called Virgins...
Photo: Creative Commons / Neogeolegend
25 Oct 2012
MOSCOW, October 25 (RIA Novosti) - A high-ranking North Korean Army official was reportedly executed with a mortar round for drinking liquor during the 100-day...
Photo: US Navy / MCS2 Justin Ailes
27 Oct 2012
MIAMI (Reuters) - Hurricane Sandy pulled away from the Bahamas on Saturday after killing at least 41 people in the Caribbean, beginning a slow march toward the U.S. East Coast where it threatens to...
Photo: AP / Khin Maung Win
27 Oct 2012
A human rights group has released pictures showing what appears to be the destruction of a western Burmese district riven by ethnic unrest. Human Rights Watch says more than 800 buildings and...
Photo: AP / Charles Dharapak
28 Oct 2012
The 12-year-old daughter of Florida Sen. Marco Rubio has been airlifted to Miami Children's Hospital after a Saturday motor vehicle accident. The Republican senator was notified of the accident while...
50 great films to watch on Halloween
28 Oct 2012
The Examiner
Related topics HalloweenzombiesghostsvampireswerewolvesHalloween Movies Advertisement Halloween is a time of candy, costumes, and carving pumpkins, but for people of every persuasion, it's also the perfect time to take in a good scary movie. For the enterprising film fanatic in search of suggestions...(size: 15.1Kb)
Crunch
Zuckerberg Interview Apple Facebook Amazon Twitter Google news Comment Raincheck: Google Cancels NYC Android Event Planned For Monday Due To Hurricane Sandy Colleen Taylor...(size: 8.7Kb)
Snapshot 10:28:12 11:21 AM
28 Oct 2012
Snapshot 10:28:12 11:12 AM
28 Oct 2012
Anonymous Is Going After Zynga For Mistreating Employees, And Is Prepared To Leak Documents
28 Oct 2012
Crunch
Zuckerberg Interview Apple Facebook Amazon Twitter Google news Comment Anonymous Is Going After Zynga For Mistreating Employees, And Is Prepared To Leak Documents Drew Olanoff...(size: 10.2Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
Pippa Middleton has been accused of producing a “twee” and “bland” guide to one of Scotland’s most famous traditions. Photo: Rex 6:00PM GMT 28 Oct 2012 His poetry is renowned for its passion and the annual celebration of his life is a chance for enthusiasts to let their...(size: 13.0Kb)
Rock Star Arnel Pineda Announces Live Website is the Destination for Talent to Showcase Their ...
28 Oct 2012
Yahoo Daily News
Mahvrick Interviewed the lead singer of Rock Band Journey about hand picking performances at RockvilleLive.com (PRWEB) October 28, 2012 RockvilleLive.com becomes the top online destination choice for the lead singer of Journey, Arnel Pineda, for independent artists to be seen and heard. Rockville...(size: 7.2Kb)
The Guardian
Second phase of 'city deals' comes ahead of Lord Heseltine's report on restructuring to boost growth outside the south-east Nick Clegg sees the city deal project as an important constitutional reform which devolves power from central government. Photograph: Stefan Rousseau/PA...(size: 4.2Kb)
reader1
28 Oct 2012
reader2
28 Oct 2012
reader3
28 Oct 2012
For other uses, see Concept (disambiguation).
The word concept is defined variously by different sources. Philosophers and others generally agree that concepts are formed from experience and other pre-existing mental content by abstraction and other operations in the brain.
Contents |
Notable definitions[link]
John Locke's description of a general idea corresponds to a description of a concept. According to Locke, a general idea is created by abstracting, drawing away, or removing the uncommon characteristic or characteristics from several particular ideas. The remaining common characteristic is that which is similar to all of the different individuals. For example, the abstract general idea or concept that is designated by the word "red" is that characteristic which is common to apples, cherries, and blood. The abstract general idea or concept that is signified by the word "dog" is the collection of those characteristics which are common to Airedales, Collies, and Chihuahuas.[citation needed]
John Stuart Mill argued that general conceptions are formed through abstraction. A general conception is the common element among the many images of members of a class. "...[W]hen we form a set of phenomena into a class, that is, when we compare them with one another to ascertain in what they agree, some general conception is implied in this mental operation" (A System of Logic, Book IV, Ch. II). Mill did not believe that concepts exist in the mind before the act of abstraction. "It is not a law of our intellect, that, in comparing things with each other and taking note of their agreement, we merely recognize as realized in the outward world something that we already had in our minds. The conception originally found its way to us as the result of such a comparison. It was obtained (in metaphysical phrase) by abstraction from individual things" (Ibid.).
Philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that concepts are "mere abstractions from what is known through intuitive perception, and they have arisen from our arbitrarily thinking away or dropping of some qualities and our retention of others." (Parerga and Paralipomena, Vol. I, "Sketch of a History of the Ideal and the Real"). In his On the Will in Nature, "Physiology and Pathology," Schopenhauer said that a concept is "drawn off from previous images ... by putting off their differences. This concept is then no longer intuitively perceptible, but is denoted and fixed merely by words." Nietzsche, who was heavily influenced by Schopenhauer, wrote: "Every concept originates through our equating what is unequal. No leaf ever wholly equals another, and the concept 'leaf' is formed through an arbitrary abstraction from these individual differences, through forgetting the distinctions..."[1]
By contrast to the above philosophers, Immanuel Kant held that the account of the concept as an abstraction of experience is only partly correct. He called those concepts that result from abstraction "a posteriori concepts" (meaning concepts that arise out of experience). An empirical or an a posteriori concept is a general representation (Vorstellung) or non-specific thought of that which is common to several specific perceived objects (Logic, I, 1., §1, Note 1).
A concept is a common feature or characteristic. Kant investigated the way that empirical a posteriori concepts are created.
The logical acts of the understanding by which concepts are generated as to their form are:
In order to make our mental images into concepts, one must thus be able to compare, reflect, and abstract, for these three logical operations of the understanding are essential and general conditions of generating any concept whatever. For example, I see a fir, a willow, and a linden. In firstly comparing these objects, I notice that they are different from one another in respect of trunk, branches, leaves, and the like; further, however, I reflect only on what they have in common, the trunk, the branches, the leaves themselves, and abstract from their size, shape, and so forth; thus I gain a concept of a tree.
- comparison, i.e., the likening of mental images to one another in relation to the unity of consciousness;
- reflection, i.e., the going back over different mental images, how they can be comprehended in one consciousness; and finally
- abstraction or the segregation of everything else by which the mental images differ ...
— Logic, §6
Kant's description of the making of a concept has been paraphrased as "...to conceive is essentially to think in abstraction what is common to a plurality of possible instances..." (H.J. Paton, Kant's Metaphysics of Experience, I, 250). In his discussion of Kant, Christopher Janaway wrote: "...generic concepts are formed by abstraction from more than one species."[2]
Issues in concept theory[link]
A priori concepts[link]
Main article: Category (Kant)
Kant declared that human minds possess pure or a priori concepts. Instead of being abstracted from individual perceptions, like empirical concepts, they originate in the mind itself. He called these concepts categories, in the sense of the word that means predicate, attribute, characteristic, or quality. But these pure categories are predicates of things in general, not of a particular thing. According to Kant, there are 12 categories that constitute the understanding of phenomenal objects. Each category is that one predicate which is common to multiple empirical concepts. In order to explain how an a priori concept can relate to individual phenomena, in a manner analogous to an a posteriori concept, Kant employed the technical concept of the schema.
Origin[link]
Carl Jung argues that concepts may be attributed to space other than within the inside boundaries of any body or mass or material formation of living creatures.[citation needed]
Embodied content[link]
In cognitive linguistics, abstract concepts are transformations of concrete concepts derived from embodied experience. The mechanism of transformation is structural mapping, in which properties of two or more source domains are selectively mapped onto a blended space (Fauconnier & Turner, 1995; see conceptual blending). A common class of blends are metaphors. This theory contrasts with the rationalist view that concepts are perceptions (or recollections, in Plato's term) of an independently existing world of ideas, in that it denies the existence of any such realm. It also contrasts with the empiricist view that concepts are abstract generalizations of individual experiences, because the contingent and bodily experience is preserved in a concept, and not abstracted away. While the perspective is compatible with Jamesian pragmatism (above), the notion of the transformation of embodied concepts through structural mapping makes a distinct contribution to the problem of concept formation.[citation needed]
Ontology[link]
Plato was the starkest proponent of the realist thesis of universal concepts. By his view, concepts (and ideas in general) are innate ideas that were instantiations of a transcendental world of pure forms that lay behind the veil of the physical world. In this way, universals were explained as transcendent objects. Needless to say this form of realism was tied deeply with Plato's ontological projects. This remark on Plato is not of merely historical interest. For example, the view that numbers are Platonic objects was revived by Kurt Gödel as a result of certain puzzles that he took to arise from the phenomenological accounts.[3]
Gottlob Frege, founder of the analytic tradition in philosophy, famously argued for the analysis of language in terms of sense and reference. For him, the sense of an expression in language describes a certain state of affairs in the world, namely, the way that some object is presented. Since many commentators view the notion of sense as identical to the notion of concept, and Frege regards senses as the linguistic representations of states of affairs in the world, it seems to follow that we may understand concepts as the manner in which we grasp the world. Accordingly, concepts (as senses) have an ontological status (Morgolis:7).
According to Carl Benjamin Boyer, in the introduction to his The History of the Calculus and its Conceptual Development, concepts in calculus do not refer to perceptions. As long as the concepts are useful and mutually compatible, they are accepted on their own. For example, the concepts of the derivative and the integral are not considered to refer to spatial or temporal perceptions of the external world of experience. Neither are they related in any way to mysterious limits in which quantities are on the verge of nascence or evanescence, that is, coming into or going out of existence. The abstract concepts are now considered to be totally autonomous, even though they originated from the process of abstracting or taking away qualities from perceptions until only the common, essential attributes remained.
Etymology[link]
The term "concept" is traced back to 1554–60 (Latin conceptum - "something conceived"),[4] but what is today termed "the classical theory of concepts" is the theory of Aristotle on the definition of terms.[citation needed] The meaning of "concept" is explored in mainstream information science,[5][6] cognitive science, metaphysics, and philosophy of mind. In computer and information science contexts, especially, the term 'concept' is often used in unclear or inconsistent ways.[7]
See also[link]
- Abstraction
- Categorization
- Class (philosophy)
- Concept and object
- Concept learning
- Concept map
- Conceptual art
- Conceptual blending
- Conceptual clustering
- Conceptual framework
- Conceptual history
- Conceptual model
- Conveyed concept
- Definitionism
- Formal concept analysis
- Fuzzy concept
- Hypostatic abstraction
- Idea
- Ideasthesia
- Meme
- Notion (philosophy)
- Object (philosophy)
- Philosophy
- Recept
- Schema (Kant)
- Social construction
- Symbol grounding problem
References[link]
- ^ "On Truth and Lie in an Extra–Moral Sense," The Portable Nietzsche, p. 46
- ^ Christopher Janaway, Self and World in Schopenhauer's Philosophy, Ch. 3, p. 112, Oxford, 2003, ISBN 0-19-825003-7
- ^ 'Godel's Rationalism', Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- ^ http://www.bartleby.com/61/49/C0544900.html%7CThe American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.
- ^ Stock, W.G. (2010). Concepts and semantic relations in information science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(10), 1951-1969.
- ^ Hjørland, B. (2009). Concept Theory. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(8), 1519–1536
- ^ Smith, B. (2004). Beyond Concepts, or: Ontology as Reality Representation, Formal Ontology and Information Systems. Proceedings of the Third International Conference (FOIS 2004), Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2004, 73–84.
A concept is a system of general ideas targeting the multilateral treatment/interpretation of economic, social, legal, scientific, technical and other problems, and reflecting the manner of perception or the multitude of opinions, ideas regarding problems associated with to the development of one or several fields or sectors as a whole.
Publications[link]
- The History of Calculus and its Conceptual Development, Carl Benjamin Boyer, Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-60509-4
- The Writings of William James, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-39188-4
- Logic, Immanuel Kant, Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-25650-2
- A System of Logic, John Stuart Mill, University Press of the Pacific, ISBN 1-4102-0252-6
- Parerga and Paralipomena, Arthur Schopenhauer, Volume I, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-824508-4
- What is Philosophy?, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari
- Kant's Metaphysic of Experience, H. J. Paton, London: Allen & Unwin, 1936
- Conceptual Integration Networks. Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner, 1998. Cognitive Science. Volume 22, number 2 (April–June 1998), pages 133-187.
- The Portable Nietzsche, Penguin Books, 1982, ISBN 0-14-015062-5
- Stephen Laurence and Eric Margolis "Concepts and Cognitive Science". In Concepts: Core Readings, MIT Press pp. 3–81, 1999.
- Birger Hjørland. (2009). Concept Theory. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(8), 1519–1536
- Georgij Yu. Somov (2010). Concepts and Senses in Visual Art: Through the example of analysis of some works by Bruegel the Elder. Semiotica 182 (1/4), 475–506.
- Daltrozzo J, Vion-Dury J, Schön D. (2010). Music and Concepts. Horizons in Neuroscience Research 4: 157-167. [1]
External links[link]
 |
Look up concept in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
 |
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Concept. |
- E. Margolis and S. Lawrence (2006), Concepts entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Blending and Conceptual Integration
- Conceptual Science and Mathematical Permutations
- Concept Mobiles Latest concepts
- v:Conceptualize: A Wikiversity Learning Project
- Concept simultaneously translated in several languages and meanings
- Product Research and Conceptualization
|
|||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Concept
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Concetto
http://cs.wn.com/Pojem
http://id.wn.com/Konsep
http://es.wn.com/Concepto
http://ru.wn.com/Понятие
http://nl.wn.com/Concept (filosofie)
http://pt.wn.com/Conceito
http://pl.wn.com/Pojęcie
http://fr.wn.com/Concept
http://de.wn.com/Begriff (Philosophie)
http://hi.wn.com/अवधारणा
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
){kind=link}
