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Tughrul Tower
Toghrol Tower (also transliterated Toghrul, Tughrol, or Tughrul) is a 12th century monument, located in the city of Ray, Iran.
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Eric W. Weisstein
Eric W. Weisstein (born March 18, 1969, in Bloomington, Indiana) is an encyclopedist who created and maintains MathWorld and ''Eric Weisstein's World of Science (ScienceWorld''). He currently works for Wolfram Research, Inc.
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IS LIFE A CIRCLE, A NEVER ENDING PATH
IF WE'RE ON LONG ENOUGH, DO WE KEEP COMING BACK
TO THE BEGINNING, OR IN THE MIDDLE SOMEHOW
I THINK OF THESE THINGS LATE AT NIGHT IN MY DREAMS
AND THEY HAUNT ME
AS I TRAVEL, ALONG LIFES ROAD
I CURSE THE DARKNESS, AND THIS HEAVY LOAD
YOU'VE PLACED UPON ME, WHEN YOU LEFT ME HERE
I HEAR THEIR VOICES AND I'M WONDERING WHY
THEY WOULD WANT ME
** I HAVE BEEN THIS WAY BEFORE,
THOUGH THE FACES AND NAMES THEY HAVE CHANGED
I HAVE BEEN THIS WAY BEFORE,
THE PLACES AND TIMES REARRANGED
I HAVE BEEN THIS WAY BEFORE
FIND MYSELF SEARCHING, IN MY SELF DOUBT
I'M LEFT TO WONDER, WHAT IT IS ALL ABOUT
SOME SPECIAL MEANING, OR MAYBE NOTHING AT ALL
MAYBE I'M LOOKING SO HARD, I DON'T SEE IN FRONT OF ME
** I HAVE BEEN THIS WAY BEFORE,
THOUGH THE FACES AND NAMES THEY HAVE CHANGED
I HAVE BEEN THIS WAY BEFORE,
THE PLACES AND TIMES REARRANGED
I HAVE BEEN THIS WAY BEFORE
What can I do for you? (x4)
That's for me
That's for me
I'm singing a roundlay to you
I'm singing a roundlay to you
It's like a circle
Round and round
It's like a circle
Round and round
Meeting-laughing-parting-crying-life (x4)
Life always has its ups and down (x4)
It's like a circle
Round and round
It's like a circle
Round and round
Meeting-laughing-parting-crying-life (x4)
* sugiru toki no naka ni ikiru
guruguru mawaru
deai wakare kurikaeshi
kitto kagi wo akeru
It's always gonna be this way
This is the life
We got lot of get up and go
This is the life
It's life
It's like a circle
Round and round
It's like a circle
Round and round
Won't you let down your guard and finally talk to me
I've spent the time to let you know you'll be free
Don't you think the time is right to open up to
the way that I have always talked to you
I've never let you down
I always bring you around
from those rough parts of the day
that are so unsound
And the thoughts I had seized
you seem to let go with ease
when I thought I'd made impressions
on you beliefs
We just circle
When I met you, you gave me all your thoughts
and I thought they might have come from your heart
So now how can you turn your back to
what days ago seems forever true
So now it all has changed
and you mind is not the same
as the one that said to me
I don't play games
all the thoughts I had seized
you seem let go with ease
When I thought I'd made impressions
on your beliefs
But we just circle around
Could you give again what you gave on your last try
You gotta trust that a brand new word is not a lie
Can we go from the thoughts that we had first
and believe that what's to come is not worst
Cuz I'd never let you down
I always bring you around
from those rough parts of the day
that are so unsound
I'll trust you now
I'll trust your plan for my tomorrow
I'll take the vow
I'll take your hand and
I will follow
You're the center of it all
And my life just revolves
You're the center of it all
I'll stay right beside your altar
And I'll leave to carry on with praise
I'll make this life a never ending
Circle of worship to you
You healed my heart
Scattered apart in tiny pieces
So I'll do my part
A love that starts and never ceases
You're the center of it all
And my life just revolves around you
I'll stay right beside your altar
I'll leave to carry on with praise
I'll make this life a never ending
this is the stuff that makes us and it's kind of contagious
won't swallow the pill that life decides to give us
no i see your face in the middle of the storm
can't rely on myself because myself's all gone
there goes the world again i just might lose my head
i'm in your circle now
tie me to the helm 'cause this ship's set to sink
should i stay or should i swim i don't know what do you think i see your
face in the middle of the storm can't rely on myself
Try to keep from thinking, thinking means remembering
Remembering means hurtin' hurtin' ain't so funny
Funny how it hits you, hits you out of nowhere
Nowhere to hide from it, it will last forever
Forever is a long time, time keeps on a-creeping
Creeping toward tomorrow, tomorrow starts it over
Over all the lovin', lovin' and the good times
Good times turn to bad times, bad times start me thinking
Thinking is remembering, remembering starts the circle
Circle in a circle, circle rounding circle
Circle is unbroken, unbroken is the circle
Never ending circle, circle without ending
Thinking in a circle, circle empty circle
What is it for?
What is sacred?
In my circle of regrets
circle of regrets
today I'm drawing circles
in my memory, in the pages of my life
That's me for a long time
I can't run away... (long time)
These stone tears are falling down on me, all my regrets
my regrets (I don't want this feeling)
I need more
all I want is to break
my circle of regrets
circle of regrets
Is there any solution?
Time it spent
Everyday I've seen
To this day I don't know what it means
Looks like something I might have recognized
Can't see clearly something with my eyes
Look through the wall see on the other side
Must be something in disguise
It's all in my head I pray
I can feel my soul deny
But still I feel it hurt sometimes
Why_____do you break me down
Only to find the circle goes around me
See around
Initiate shame
Don't forgive for it will turn out the same
The weary eyes don't agree with the mind
Infect what you cannot take
To bleed is more than I can say
Look down the hall see something on the floor
Must be someone at the door
It's all in my head I pray
I can feel my soul deny
But still I feel it hurt sometimes
Why_____do you break me down
Only to find the circle goes around me
Some say the walls between us stand so tall
They don't see there's just one sun shining on us all
I say we each choose roads to call our own
But none of us is traveling through this universe alone
And this circle just goes on and on
It began before us, it will be here when we're gone
And this circle just goes on and on and on
Connecting our humanity
Joining me to you and you to me
Seasons keep spinning on the wheels of time
We stand, we fall, we struggle up the mountains we must climb
Different dreams may color what we see ahead
But our lives are strung together on a common thread
And this circle just goes on and on
It began before us, it will be here when we're gone
And this circle just goes on and on and on
Connecting our humanity
Joining me to you and you to me
Round and round and round and round we go
Around and round and round we go
Love and learn and change and grow
Round and round and round we go
And this circle touches everyone
As it crosses every boundary underneath the sun
And this circle just goes on and on
It began before us, it will be here when we're gone
Yes this circle just goes on and on and on
And someday we will come to see
I'm joined to you and you to me
All my life's a circle;
Sunrise and sundown;
Moon rolls thru the nighttime;
Till the daybreak comes around.
All my life's a circle;
But I can't tell you why;
Season's spinning round again;
The years keep rollin' by.
It seems like I've been here before;
I can't remember when;
But I have this funny feeling;
That we'll all be together again.
No straight lines make up my life;
And all my roads have bends;
There's no clear-cut beginnings;
And so far no dead-ends.
Chorus:
I found you a thousand times;
I guess you done the same;
But then we lose each other;
It's like a children's game;
As I find you here again;
A thought runs through my mind;
Our love is like a circle;
Let's go 'round one more time.
Chorus
pretty girl of 16 has fun and runs crazy
ruined girl of 16 now a mother grows lazy
next a 16 year old baby like mother grows lazy
and her stomach is churning whilst her eyes keep on turning
round and around
getting no higher from the ground
round and around
the circle has an empty sound...
father inflicts discipline boy rebels against him
he leaves for the big town for love and adventure
but the words he first heard unlike his instincts run deeper
now boy beats his children if they disobey him
and the cat riddled with worms chases his tail round
and around...
the endless full circle for the next in line
the endless full circle...
take the red line, the green line, the silver or blue
any line you can think of except for the yellow
take a trip with your family and see where they go
give them a free ticket it's the best thing to do
and if you wind up on the circle line
hell, it's not from lack of options
then if you run into the yellow
well that's up to you
round and around
getting no higher from the ground
round and around
the circle has an empty sound
the endless full circle for the next in line
the endless full circle are you the next in line
round and around...
The circle, a beautiful ..... who's stays the same. Caught within ..... Swirl of ...... trickles into the perished earth below. Provides the nourishment for that which is done. Vain, all seems vain. And I stare at the curved shaped room.
pretty girl of 16 has fun and runs crazy
ruined girl of 16 now a mother grows lazy
next a 16 year old baby like mother grows lazy
and her stomach is churning whilst her eyes keep on turning
round and around
getting no higher from the ground
round and around
the circle has an empty sound...
father inflicts discipline boy rebels against him
he leaves for the big town for love and adventure
but the words he first heard unlike his instincts run deeper
now boy beats his children if they disobey him
and the cat riddled with worms chases his tail round
and around...
the endless full circle for the next in line
the endless full circle...
take the red line, the green line, the silver or blue
any line you can think of except for the yellow
take a trip with your family and see where they go
give them a free ticket it's the best thing to do
and if you wind up on the circle line
hell, it's not from lack of options
then if you run into the yellow
well that's up to you
round and around
getting no higher from the ground
round and around
the circle has an empty sound
the endless full circle for the next in line
the endless full circle are you the next in line
round and around...
What I have seen behind the frontline
Is what keeps me existing
I can feel it moving through me
Pure electricity
Shabra and shatila rises and retaliates
An invitation that raises the dead
I have seen their fate
The sun sets over holy land
And our last day advances
I can feel it piercing through me
Circle encircles the earth
Chance and choice break his heart
His innocent arm moves
To save me and I am spared
His beautiful arm is bloody and cut off
His heart ripped out to show me he loved me
But I would'nt believe him
He did all that he could, I still would not believe him
I left his arms empty and tied
Outstretched for me until he died
I left his arms empty and tied
Outstretched for me until he died
No man shows greater love
Than when a man lays down his life for his beloved
I left his arms empty and tied
Outstretched for me until he died
I left his arms empty and tied
Outstretched for me until he died
And here I'm alive
And I don't have the right
He gave me the right costing him his life
New mercy's in the morning
I believe, what if I believe you now?
Could it ever change this?
Forgive me, don't leave me
And please come back to life
I believe, what if I believe you now?
Could it ever change this?
Forgive me, don't leave me
And please come back to life
Come back to my life
I believe, what if I believe you now?
Forgive me, relieve me
Give me the dust of my father
Stand on the face of the ancients
Bare all the secret flesh of time itself
Follow me
I've come so far, I’m behind again
Follow me
I wish so hard I'm there again
Follow me, follow me
All that I wanted were things I had before
All that I needed, I never needed more
All of my questions were answers to my sins
All of my endings are waiting to begin
I know the way but I falter
I can't be afraid of my patience
There's a sacred place, Razel keeps safe
Follow me
I've seen so much, I'm blind again
Follow me
I feel so bad, I'm alive again
Follow me
All that I wanted were things I had before
All that I needed, I never needed more
All of my questions were answers to my sins
take this time to realize
that you always shut your eyes
in the midst of trial
and everything is always right
and I think that it's time
this battle must be won
but you pushed it aside
pushed it aside
pretend that it's gone
this circle never ends
and it's time you just face it, don't pretend
that it's over
this circle never ends
and it's time you just face it, don't pretend
that it's over
take this time to realize
that you always force a smile
in the midst of trial
and everything is always right
and I think that it's time
this battle must be won
but you pushed it aside
pushed it aside
pretend that it's gone
this circle never ends
and it's time you just face it, don't pretend
that it's over
this circle never ends
and it's time you just face it, don't pretend
that it's over
and it never ends
it never ends
and it never ends
and it never ends
no, it never ends
this circle never ends
and it's time you just face it, don't pretend
that it's over
this circle never ends
and it's time you just face it, don't pretend
that it's over, it's over
Me, I'm a part of your circle of friends
And we noticed you don't come around
And me I think it all depends on you
Touching ground with us
But I quit, I give up
Nothings good enough for anybody else
It seems, I quit I give up
Nothings good enough for anybody else
It seems that and being alone is the is the best way to be
When I'm by myself it's the best way to be
When all alone it's the best way to be
When I'm by myself nobody else can say Goodbye
Everything is temporary anyway
When the streets are wet
The colors slip into the sky
But I don't know why
That means you and I are
That means you and I
I quit I give up
Nothings good enough for anybody else
It seems I quit I give up
Nothings good enough for anybody else
It seems
And being alone is the is the best way to be
When I'm by myself it's the best way to be
When I'm all alone it's the best way to be
When I'm by myself nobody else can say
Me I'm a part of your circle of friends
And we noticed you don't come around
Some say
the walls betweeen us stand so tall
they don't see there's just one sun
shining on us all
I say
we each choose roads to call our own
but none of us is travelling through
this universe alone
and this circle
just goes on and on
it began before us
it will be here when we've gone
and this circle
just goes on and on and on
connecting our humanity
joining me to you and you to me
seasons
keep spinning on the wheel of time
we stand we fall
we struggle up
the mountains we must climb
different dreams
may colour what we see ahead
but our lives are strong together
on a common thread
and this circle (circle)
just goes on and on (on and on)
it began before us
it will be here when we've gone
and this circle
just goes on and on and on
connecting our humanity
joining me to you and you to me
around and round and round and round we go
around and round and round we go
love and learn and change and grow
round and round and round we go
and this circle
touches everyone
as it crosses every boundry
underneath the sun
and this circle
just goes on and on
it began before us
it will be here when we're gone
yes this circle
just goes on and on and on
someday we will come to see
With my mind I opened the circle
And enter the unknown
An efficient experience in evolution
Closed to life in the false term
Reactive to the strange waters
And a genuine convoy to drizzle
In the veins that lead to control
Appearances are lost for short moments of void
Underneath cables washed by circles an eye sees
Yeah, you know what's funny?
Seems every time I try to forget about you
My feelings pull you back in
You know ?cause I got somebody else
And you got somebody else
But you and I both know what it really is
But still, you know what I'm sayin? B?
Ran across a picture you took of me and it got me thinkin?
?Bout how we used to be, it was just you and me
Still hear you say you love me, put no one else above me
But that was back then, now you're just a memory
If I didn't go away to school then where would we be?
Probably still together and somewhere happy
If I'm supposed to be moved on, in a new relationship strong
Then why are you still hauntin' me?
They say if you love something let it go
And if it comes back then that's how you know
I got to the stop light then I made four rights
Now I'm back where I started and you're back in my life
The further I go the closer I get back to you
I say I moved on ?til I'm reminded of you
Can somebody help me?
Help me get out of this circle, out of this circle
I drove past your house the other day
I didn't even mean to, I went the wrong way
I ain?t seen your mama in a while
When she looked at me she smiled
And asked me if I'm doing okay
Took everything I had not to bring up your name
And wonder if you came home for the holidays, yeah
She asked if I could stay awhile 'cause you had come in town
And you were just five minutes away
If you love something let it go
And if it comes back then that's how you know
I got to the stop light then I made four rights
Now I'm back where I started and you're back in my life
The further I go the closer I get back to you
I say I moved on ?til I'm reminded of you
Can somebody help me?
Help me get out of this circle, out of this circle
Now everybody that's listening to this
If you got that person that makes you wonder what if
Let me hear you say yeah, say yeah
Say yeah, oh yeah
If you understand how I feel
Then grab that person, gotta let them know what's real
Let me hear you say yeah, yeah, yeah hey
If you love something let it go
And if it comes back then that's how you know
I got to the stop light then I made four rights
Now I'm back where I started and you're back in my life
The further I go the closer I get back to you
I say I moved on ?til I'm reminded of you
Can somebody help me?
Help me get out of this circle, out of this circle
Pretty girl of 16 has fun and runs crazy
Ruined girl of 16 now a mother grows lazy
Next a 16 year old baby like mother grows lazy
And her stomach is churning whilst her eyes keep on turning
Round and around, round and around
Getting no higher from the ground
Round and around, round and around
The circle has an empty sound
Father inflicts discipline, boy rebels against him
He leaves for the big town for love and adventure
But the words he first heard unlike his instincts run deeper
Now boy beats his children if they disobey him
And the cat riddled with worms chases his tail
Round and around, round and around
Getting no higher from the ground
Round and around, round and around
This circle has an empty sound
The endless full circle for the next in line
The endless full circle
Take the red line, the green line
The silver or blue
Any line you can think of except for the yellow
Take a trip with your family and see where they go
Give them a free ticket it's the best thing to do
And if you wind up on the circle line
Hell, it's not from lack of options
Then if you run into the yellow
Well that's up to you
Round and around, round and around
Getting no higher from the ground
Round and around, round and around
The circle has an empty sound
The circle has an empty sound
Round and around, round and around
Round and around, round and around
Round and around, round and around
And go round
And go round
The endless full circle for the next in line
The endless full circle are you the next in line
Round and around and around and around
Round and around and around and around
Round and around and around and around
There are two of us talking in circles
and one of us who wants to leave
in a world created for only us
an empty cage that has no key
don't you know we're working with flesh and blood
carving out of jealousy
Crawling into each other it's smothering
every little part of me
What kind of love is this that keeps me
hanging on
despite everything it's doing to me
what is this love that keeps me coming
back for more
when it will only end in misery
I know too many people unhappy
in a life from which they'd love to flee
watching others get everything offered
they're wanton for discovery
Oh my brother my sister my mother
you're loosing your identity
can't you see that it's you in the window
shining with intensity
What kind of love is this that keeps me
hanging on
despite everything it's doing to me
what is this love that keeps me coming
back for more
I can’t believe, all that I see.
Wait for me now, I’ll linger how
To everyone, I think I’m DONE
Hate in this world,
So sing you silly girls
Mr. crone
Mr. crone
I can’t believe (leave, leave), all that I see (see?, see?)
People may know (can’t you just fucking wait)
NO, NO
All that should grow (no)
To everyone,
I think she’s DONE.
Hate in this world, so sing you silly girls
May in the wind again, so free again…soar into lust again,
Into me again,
Mr. crone,
Mr. crone,
Mr. crone,
Mr. crone,
Time is time as we can see
All the pages in your factory
And the movement comes
But too slow to come between us
Leaves grow green on trees outside
As the years pass by I want to hide
Far away for you and I to see
And the circle's runnin' round
Like the waves move up and down
Far away for you and I to see
Far away, far away in dark shadows behind tall trees
And our cycles stand in disarray
Like the fragments of a broken chain
Far away for you and I to see
Far away, far away in dark shadows behind tall trees
And the circle's runnin' round
Like the waves move up and down
Far away for you and I to see
And the circle's runnin' round
Like the waves move up and down
Far away for you and I to see
And the circle's runnin' round
Yeah
If I could change the world
Like a fairy tale
I would drink the love
From your holy grail
I would start with love
Tell olbeelzeebub
To get outta town
cause you just lost your job
How did we get so affected (cause I think)
Love is love reflected
Time
Dont let it slip away
Raise yo drinkin glass
Heres to yesterday
In time
Were all gonna trip away
Dont piss heaven off
We got hell to pay
Come full circle
Theres a spell on you that
I could take away
I would do the deed
Yeah and by the way
Heres to heaven knows
As the circle goes
It aint right
Im uptight
I used to think that every little thing I did was crazy
But now I think- the karma cops are comin after you
Time
Dont let it slip away
Raise yo drinkinglass
Heres to yesterday
In time
Were all gonna trip away
Dont piss heaven off
We got hell to pay
Come full circle
Every time you get yourself caught up inside
Of someone elses crazy dream
Own it, yeah thats a mistake
Everybodys gotta lotta nada killing them
Instead of killing me
Time
Dont let it slip away
Raise yo drinkinglass
Heres to yesterday
In time
Were all gonna trip away
Dont piss heaven off
We got hell to pay
Come full circle
Time
Dont let it slip away
Raise yo drinkinglass
Heres to yesterday
In time
Were all gonna trip away
Dont piss heaven off
We got hell to pay
Come full circle
Lets start from here
Mend your broken heart
Lets start from here
And feel the emptiness inside
Figure out what it could be
And how possibly it wont be
Cruel intentions in my mind
Show me how to act
(you show me how to act)
Cruel intentions I cant hide
Show me how to love
(you show me how to love)
Looking for the one
Has never been easy
The mornings that are breezy
Empty feelings in me
How could it be
And where will I be
Cruel intentions in my mind
Show me how to act
(you show me how to act)
Cruel intentions I cant hide
Show me how to love
(you show me how to love)
Send me your thoughts
I will lend my ears
Open your eyes and see me
Open your eyes and see me
Ohhhhhh
ohhhhh..
Cruel intentions in my mind
Show me how to act
(you show me how to act)
Cruel intentions I cant hide
Show me how to love
Sometimes when the evening comes
You tell me all the things I like
I like hearing when the dream ships come my way
Sometimes when the evening comes
You tell me all the things I like
I like hearing when the dream ships come my way
Morning comes too quickly
And the dream ships have all passed me by
Morning comes too quickly
Sometimes when the morning comes
You tell me all the things I like
I like hearing just to get me through my day
I know I'm not much use to you
But baby still and all
I'm not much use to anyone
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Kultaa
- Kekkone
- Valtaisa hahmo
- Traktors
- Suopea
- Rautasilta
- Lyhytaallosta
- Ranta
- Morn
- Siivet
- Taantumus
- Pelqton
- Veitsi
- Saturnus Reality
- Torpedo Star Throne
- Black Black Never Never Land
- Understanding New Age
- Tree on the Higher Mountain
- Four Points of the Compass
- Fish Reflection
- Skeletor Highway
- Snow Olympics
- Black Tape
- State Powder
- Pigs in the Paper
- Neverending Dinner
- Good Day Rising
- Feed My Rabbit
- U.M.F.G. Horsemen
- We Must Breathe
- Misheritage
- Tunnel
- And Far Away
- Metsän henget
- Harva maa
- Pääton mies
- Ojaa pitkin
- Teräskylpy
- Majakkasaari
- Saapuvat ne mereltä
- Syvä
- Salar Opi
- Armo
- Alta rautatammien
- Takaisin
- Salamander Sword
- Destination Thunder
- True Incubus From Beyond
- At War With Mercy
- Forbidden Steel Patriot
- Korahteleva haapa
- Tuliset miekat käsissä
- Neljä kolkkaa
- Haulikko ja kivääri
- Nopeuskuningas
- Satulinnut
- Hautain takaa
- Vaanen valtiatar
- Kylän suurin miekka
- Rautakotka
- Paholaisratsastaja
- Lokki
- Perustamisasiakirja 8.3.1558
- Vesitorni / Kaupunginsairaala
- Back to Pori
- Suurpalo
- Kartano
- Promenaadikeskus
- Kruunu päähä Pori kuningas
- Seisomakatsomo
- Karhun kansaa 1.
- Porin jazzjuhlat -65
- Korko = Klague
- Puntari = Gnosem
- Hissi = Festum
- Paneeli = Krimen
- Hiiret = Delfte
- Kenttä = Areend
- Rengastus = Gastus
- Hytti = Ser Ozm
- Katolla = Katoll
- Isaak = Gilded
- Brilliant Colours for Bright Ideas
- Valerian
- Warszawa
- The Presence of Epileptics
- Argont
- O-Entru
- Bonoroid
- Sector
- Re-Masturbated
- Ompatitions
- Ghatarian
- Gregorinum Vaernd Valerii
- Ed-Visio
- Curwen
- Wherever Particular People Congregate
- Meronia
- DNA
- Hypto
- Nude
- Colere
- Staalo
- Kyberia
- Gravion
- Ferrous
- Scoop
- Merid
- Espirites
- A Noble Prophecy
- Radiostation Infiltration
- Lookalike
- To Distant Friends Across the Borders
- Drift Away
- 4 O'clock in the Morning
- Man-At-Arms
- A New Song (An Old Story)
- Addiction
- Mantra
- Razorblades
- Reminder
- Con Art
- Phonography
- Dance to Forget...
- Tonite
- Leaving the Parade
- A.K.A. Travolta
- 9-2-5
- Claire/Obscure
Send this Playlist by SMS
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Marques Houston - Circle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Published: 08 Oct 2009
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 7311966 http://wn.com/Marques_Houston_Circle
Ocean Colour Scene: The Circle (acoustic)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Published: 02 Nov 2007
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Views: 292135 http://wn.com/Ocean_Colour_Scene_The_Circle_acoustic
Edie Brickell & New Bohemians - Circle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Published: 30 Nov 2009
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 974927 http://wn.com/Edie_Brickell_New_Bohemians_Circle
Lion King - Circle of Life
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Published: 14 Dec 2006
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 37591404 http://wn.com/Lion_King_Circle_of_Life
MP Bob Katter on The Circle 07.06.12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:26
- Published: 07 Jun 2012
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
Views: 33850 http://wn.com/MP_Bob_Katter_on_The_Circle_070612
David Bowie - The Width of a Circle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:12
- Published: 09 Mar 2008
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Views: 188777 http://wn.com/David_Bowie_The_Width_of_a_Circle
Channel Ten - The Circle Final Episode - Highlights Part 1/4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:33
- Published: 03 Aug 2012
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Views: 1734 http://wn.com/Channel_Ten_The_Circle_Final_Episode_Highlights_Part_1_4
Circle by Slipknot w/lyrics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Published: 03 Jan 2009
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 812087 http://wn.com/Circle_by_Slipknot_w_lyrics
Katy Perry - Circle The Drain New Song 2010 Teenage Dream
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Published: 10 Aug 2010
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Views: 677718 http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_Circle_The_Drain_New_Song_2010_Teenage_Dream
Slipknot - Circle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Published: 14 Jul 2009
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Views: 171024 http://wn.com/Slipknot_Circle
KDrew - Circles (Original Mix)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:26
- Published: 17 Oct 2012
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 46117 http://wn.com/KDrew_Circles_Original_Mix
Circle - On the Bus in San Francisco
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:45
- Published: 29 Sep 2007
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Views: 34934 http://wn.com/Circle_On_the_Bus_in_San_Francisco
Circles Radius Diameter & Pi Math Learning Upgrade
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:51
- Published: 12 Oct 2006
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Views: 315539 http://wn.com/Circles_Radius_Diameter_Pi_Math_Learning_Upgrade
How round is your circle?! www.howround.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Published: 03 Jan 2008
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 589858 http://wn.com/How_round_is_your_circle?!_wwwhowroundcom
Paramore - Circle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Published: 06 Jul 2008
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Views: 169699 http://wn.com/Paramore_Circle
CIRCLE-POTATO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Published: 19 Jan 2009
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Views: 175234 http://wn.com/CIRCLE-POTATO
The Golden Circle: Why Does Apple Command Loyalty?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Published: 04 Oct 2010
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Views: 42781 http://wn.com/The_Golden_Circle_Why_Does_Apple_Command_Loyalty?
How to Draw a Perfect Circle with Pencil || Very Easy Drawing Tips & Tricks 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:33
- Published: 27 Apr 2012
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 421736 http://wn.com/How_to_Draw_a_Perfect_Circle_with_Pencil_||_Very_Easy_Drawing_Tips_Tricks_1
Johnny Cash & Family - Will The Circle Be Unbroken
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Published: 25 Feb 2007
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Views: 456056 http://wn.com/Johnny_Cash_Family_Will_The_Circle_Be_Unbroken
MICK RONSON-Width of a circle (Guitar solo 1973)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:18
- Published: 12 Sep 2010
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Views: 38065 http://wn.com/MICK_RONSON-Width_of_a_circle_Guitar_solo_1973
Belinda Carlisle -- Circle In The Sand.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Published: 13 Aug 2010
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 648251 http://wn.com/Belinda_Carlisle_-_Circle_In_The_Sand
![Inner Circle - Sweat (A La La La Long) [Reggae1008]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121027204217im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/p0M4J849dmA/default.jpg "Inner Circle - Sweat (A La La La Long) [Reggae1008]")
Inner Circle - Sweat (A La La La Long) [Reggae1008]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Published: 08 Dec 2008
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Views: 6133811 http://wn.com/Inner_Circle_Sweat_A_La_La_La_Long_Reggae1008_
Math Made Easy: Finding the Area of a Circle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:40
- Published: 28 Jan 2009
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Views: 61802 http://wn.com/Math_Made_Easy_Finding_the_Area_of_a_Circle
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A quiet charmer in Umbria
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Star Tribune
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This article is about the shape and mathematical concept. For other uses, see Circle (disambiguation).
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2010) |
| Circle | |
|---|---|
 Circle illustration showing a radius, a diameter, the centre and circumference |
|
| Area |
Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \pi r^2\, (where r = radius) |
A circle is a simple shape of Euclidean geometry consisting of those points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point, the centre. The distance between any of the points and the centre is called the radius.
Circles are simple closed curves which divide the plane into two regions: an interior and an exterior. In everyday use, the term "circle" may be used interchangeably to refer to either the boundary of the figure, or to the whole figure including its interior; in strict technical usage, the circle is the former and the latter is called a disk.
A circle can be defined as the curve traced out by a point that moves so that its distance from a given point is constant.
A circle may also be defined as a special ellipse in which the two foci are coincident and the eccentricity is 0. Circles are conic sections attained when a right circular cone is intersected by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone.
Contents |
Terminology[link]
A circle's diameter is the length of a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle and which passes through the centre. This is the largest distance between any two points on the circle. The diameter of a circle is twice the radius, or distance from the centre to the circle's boundary. The terms "diameter" and "radius" also refer to the line segments which fit these descriptions. The circumference is the distance around the outside of a circle.
A chord is a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle. A diameter is the longest chord in a circle. A tangent to a circle is a straight line that touches the circle at a single point, while a secant is an extended chord: a straight line cutting the circle at two points.
An arc of a circle is any connected part of the circle's circumference. A sector is a region bounded by two radii and an arc lying between the radii, and a segment is a region bounded by a chord and an arc lying between the chord's endpoints.
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History[link]
The word "circle" derives from the Greek, kirkos "a circle," from the base ker- which means to turn or bend. The origins of the words "circus" and "circuit" are closely related.
The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles would have been observed, such as the Moon, Sun, and a short plant stalk blowing in the wind on sand, which forms a circle shape in the sand. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern civilisation possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy, and calculus.
Early science, particularly geometry and astrology and astronomy, was connected to the divine for most medieval scholars, and many believed that there was something intrinsically "divine" or "perfect" that could be found in circles.[citation needed]
-
Tughrul Tower from inside
Circles on an old Arabic astronomical drawing
Some highlights in the history of the circle are:
- 1700 BC – The Rhind papyrus gives a method to find the area of a circular field. The result corresponds to 256 / 81 (3.16049...) as an approximate value of π.[1]
- 300 BC – Book 3 of Euclid's Elements deals with the properties of circles.
- In Plato's Seventh Letter there is a detailed definition and explanation of the circle. Plato explains the perfect circle, and how it is different from any drawing, words, definition or explanation.
- 1880 – Lindemann proves that π is transcendental, effectively settling the millennia-old problem of squaring the circle.[2]
Analytic results[link]
Length of circumference[link]
Further information: Pi
The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter is π (pi), an irrational constant approximately equal to 3.141592654. Thus the length of the circumference C is related to the radius r and diameter d by:
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): C = 2\pi r = \pi d.\,
Area enclosed[link]
Main article: Area of a disk
As proved by Archimedes, the area enclosed by a circle is equal to that of a triangle whose base has the length of the circle's circumference and whose height equals the circle's radius,[3] which comes to π multiplied by the radius squared:
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \mathrm{Area} = \pi r^2.\,
Equivalently, denoting diameter by d,
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \mathrm{Area} = \frac{\pi d^2}{4} \approx 0{.}7854d^2,
that is, approximately 79 percent of the circumscribing square (whose side is of length d).
The circle is the plane curve enclosing the maximum area for a given arc length. This relates the circle to a problem in the calculus of variations, namely the isoperimetric inequality.
Equations[link]
Cartesian coordinates[link]
In an x–y Cartesian coordinate system, the circle with centre coordinates (a, b) and radius r is the set of all points (x, y) such that
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \left(x - a \right)^2 + \left( y - b \right)^2=r^2.
This equation of the circle follows from the Pythagorean theorem applied to any point on the circle: as shown in the diagram to the right, the radius is the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle whose other sides are of length x − a and y − b. If the circle is centred at the origin (0, 0), then the equation simplifies to
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): x^2 + y^2 = r^2.\!\
The equation can be written in parametric form using the trigonometric functions sine and cosine as
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): x = a+r\,\cos t,\,
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): y = b+r\,\sin t\,
where t is a parametric variable in the range 0 to 2π, interpreted geometrically as the angle that the ray from (a, b) to (x, y) makes with the x-axis. An alternative parametrisation of the circle is:
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): x = a + r \frac{1-t^2}{1+t^2}\,
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): y = b + r \frac{2t}{1+t^2}.\,
In this parametrisation, the ratio of t to r can be interpreted geometrically as the stereographic projection of the circle onto the line passing through the centre parallel to the x-axis.
In homogeneous coordinates each conic section with equation of a circle is of the form
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): ax^2+ay^2+2b_1xz+2b_2yz+cz^2 = 0.\,
It can be proven that a conic section is a circle exactly when it contains (when extended to the complex projective plane) the points I(1: i: 0) and J(1: −i: 0). These points are called the circular points at infinity.
Polar coordinates[link]
In polar coordinates the equation of a circle is:
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): r^2 - 2 r r_0 \cos(\theta - \phi) + r_0^2 = a^2\,
where a is the radius of the circle, Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): (r, \theta)
is the polar coordinate of a generic point on the circle, and Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): (r_0, \phi) is the polar coordinate of the centre of the circle (i.e., r0 is the distance from the origin to the centre of the circle, and φ is the anticlockwise angle from the positive x-axis to the line connecting the origin to the centre of the circle). For a circle centred at the origin, i.e. r0 = 0, this reduces to simply r = a. When r0 = a, or when the origin lies on the circle, the equation becomes
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): r = 2 a\cos(\theta - \phi).\,
In the general case, the equation can be solved for r, giving
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): r = r_0 \cos(\theta - \phi) + \sqrt{a^2 - r_0^2 \sin^2(\theta - \phi)},
the solution with a minus sign in front of the square root giving the same curve.
Complex plane[link]
In the complex plane, a circle with a centre at c and radius (r) has the equation Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): |z-c|^2 = r^2\, . In parametric form this can be written Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): z = re^{it}+c .
The slightly generalised equation Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): pz\overline{z} + gz + \overline{gz} = q
for real p, q and complex g is sometimes called a generalised circle. This becomes the above equation for a circle with Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): p = 1,\ g=-\overline{c},\ q=r^2-|c|^2
, since Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): |z-c|^2 = z\overline{z}-\overline{c}z-c\overline{z}+c\overline{c} . Not all generalised circles are actually circles: a generalised circle is either a (true) circle or a line.
Tangent lines[link]
Main article: Tangent lines to circles
The tangent line through a point P on the circle is perpendicular to the diameter passing through P. If P = (x1, y1) and the circle has centre (a, b) and radius r, then the tangent line is perpendicular to the line from (a, b) to (x1, y1), so it has the form (x1 − a)x + (y1 – b)y = c. Evaluating at (x1, y1) determines the value of c and the result is that the equation of the tangent is
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): (x_1-a)x+(y_1-b)y = (x_1-a)x_1+(y_1-b)y_1\,
or
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): (x_1-a)(x-a)+(y_1-b)(y-b) = r^2.\!\
If y1 ≠ b then slope of this line is
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{x_1-a}{y_1-b}.
This can also be found using implicit differentiation.
When the centre of the circle is at the origin then the equation of the tangent line becomes
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): x_1x+y_1y = r^2,\!\
and its slope is
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{x_1}{y_1}.
Properties[link]
- The circle is the shape with the largest area for a given length of perimeter. (See Isoperimetric inequality.)
- The circle is a highly symmetric shape: every line through the centre forms a line of reflection symmetry and it has rotational symmetry around the centre for every angle. Its symmetry group is the orthogonal group O(2,R). The group of rotations alone is the circle group T.
- All circles are similar.
- A circle's circumference and radius are proportional.
- The area enclosed and the square of its radius are proportional.
- The constants of proportionality are 2π and π, respectively.
- The circle which is centred at the origin with radius 1 is called the unit circle.
- Thought of as a great circle of the unit sphere, it becomes the Riemannian circle.
- Through any three points, not all on the same line, there lies a unique circle. In Cartesian coordinates, it is possible to give explicit formulae for the coordinates of the centre of the circle and the radius in terms of the coordinates of the three given points. See circumcircle.
Chord[link]
- Chords are equidistant from the centre of a circle if and only if they are equal in length.
- The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre of a circle; equivalent statements stemming from the uniqueness of the perpendicular bisector:
- A perpendicular line from the centre of a circle bisects the chord.
- The line segment (circular segment) through the centre bisecting a chord is perpendicular to the chord.
- If a central angle and an inscribed angle of a circle are subtended by the same chord and on the same side of the chord, then the central angle is twice the inscribed angle.
- If two angles are inscribed on the same chord and on the same side of the chord, then they are equal.
- If two angles are inscribed on the same chord and on opposite sides of the chord, then they are supplemental.
- For a cyclic quadrilateral, the exterior angle is equal to the interior opposite angle.
- An inscribed angle subtended by a diameter is a right angle (see Thales' theorem).
- The diameter is the longest chord of the circle.
- If the intersection of any two chords divides one chord into lengths a and b and divides the other chord into lengths c and d, then ab = cd.
- If the intersection of any two perpendicular chords divides one chord into lengths a and b and divides the other chord into lengths c and d, then a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 equals the square of the diameter.[4]
- The sum of the squared lengths of any two chords intersecting at right angles at a given point is the same as that of any other two chords intersecting at the same point, and is given by 8r 2 – 4p 2 (where r is the circle's radius and p is the distance from the center point to the point of intersection).[5]
- The distance from a point on the circle to a given chord times the diameter of the circle equals the product of the distances from the point to the ends of the chord.[6]:p.71
Sagitta[link]
File:Circle sagitta.PNG
The sagitta is the vertical segment.
- The sagitta (also known as the versine) is a line segment drawn perpendicular to a chord, between the midpoint of that chord and the arc of the circle.
- Given the length y of a chord, and the length x of the sagitta, the Pythagorean theorem can be used to calculate the radius of the unique circle which will fit around the two lines:
-
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): r=\frac{y^2}{8x}+ \frac{x}{2}.
Another proof of this result which relies only on two chord properties given above is as follows. Given a chord of length y and with sagitta of length x, since the sagitta intersects the midpoint of the chord, we know it is part of a diameter of the circle. Since the diameter is twice the radius, the "missing" part of the diameter is (2r − x) in length. Using the fact that one part of one chord times the other part is equal to the same product taken along a chord intersecting the first chord, we find that (2r − x)x = (y / 2)2. Solving for r, we find the required result.
Tangent[link]
- The line perpendicular drawn to a radius through the end point of the radius is a tangent to the circle.
- A line drawn perpendicular to a tangent through the point of contact with a circle passes through the centre of the circle.
- Two tangents can always be drawn to a circle from any point outside the circle, and these tangents are equal in length.
- If a tangent at A and a tangent at B intersect at the exterior point P, then denoting the centre as O, the angles ∠BOA and ∠BPA are supplementary.
- If AD is tangent to the circle at A and if AQ is a chord of the circle, then ∠DAQ = 1⁄2arc(AQ).
Theorems[link]
See also: Power of a point
- The chord theorem states that if two chords, CD and EB, intersect at A, then CA × DA = EA × BA.
- If a tangent from an external point D meets the circle at C and a secant from the external point D meets the circle at G and E respectively, then DC2 = DG × DE. (Tangent-secant theorem.)
- If two secants, DG and DE, also cut the circle at H and F respectively, then DH × DG = DF × DE. (Corollary of the tangent-secant theorem.)
- The angle between a tangent and chord is equal to one half the subtended angle on the opposite side of the chord (Tangent Chord Angle).
- If the angle subtended by the chord at the centre is 90 degrees then l = r√2, where l is the length of the chord and r is the radius of the circle.
- If two secants are inscribed in the circle as shown at right, then the measurement of angle A is equal to one half the difference of the measurements of the enclosed arcs (DE and BC). This is the secant-secant theorem.
Inscribed angles[link]
See also: Inscribed angle theorem
An inscribed angle (examples are the blue and green angles in the figure) is exactly half the corresponding central angle (red). Hence, all inscribed angles that subtend the same arc (pink) are equal. Angles inscribed on the arc (brown) are supplementary. In particular, every inscribed angle that subtends a diameter is a right angle (since the central angle is 180 degrees).
Circle of Apollonius[link]
Main article: Apollonian circles
Apollonius of Perga showed that a circle may also be defined as the set of points in a plane having a constant ratio (other than 1) of distances to two fixed foci, A and B.[7][8] (The set of points where the distances are equal is the perpendicular bisector of A and B, a line.) That circle is sometimes said to be drawn about two points.
The proof is in two parts. First, one must prove that, given two foci A and B and a ratio of distances, any point P satisfying the ratio of distances must fall on a particular circle. Let C be another point, also satisfying the ratio and lying on segment AB. By the angle bisector theorem the line segment PC will bisect the interior angle APB, since the segments are similar:
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \frac{AP}{BP} = \frac{AC}{BC}.
Analogously, a line segment PD through some point D on AB extended bisects the corresponding exterior angle BPQ where Q is on AP extended. Since the interior and exterior angles sum to 180 degrees, the angle CPD is exactly 90 degrees, i.e., a right angle. The set of points P such that angle CPD is a right angle forms a circle, of which CD is a diameter.
Second, see[9]:p.15 for a proof that every point on the indicated circle satisfies the given ratio.
Cross-ratios[link]
A closely related property of circles involves the geometry of the cross-ratio of points in the complex plane. If A, B, and C are as above, then the circle of Apollonius for these three points is the collection of points P for which the absolute value of the cross-ratio is equal to one:
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): |[A,B;C,P]| = 1.\
Stated another way, P is a point on the circle of Apollonius if and only if the cross-ratio [A,B;C,P] is on the unit circle in the complex plane.
[edit] Generalised circles
See also: Generalised circle
If C is the midpoint of the segment AB, then the collection of points P satisfying the Apollonius condition
- Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \frac{|AP|}{|BP|} = \frac{|AC|}{|BC|}
is not a circle, but rather a line.
Thus, if A, B, and C are given distinct points in the plane, then the locus of points P satisfying the above equation is called a "generalised circle." It may either be a true circle or a line. In this sense a line is a generalised circle of infinite radius.
Circles inscribed in or circumscribed about other figures[link]
In every triangle a unique circle, called the incircle, can be inscribed such that it is tangent to each of the three sides of the triangle.[10]
About every triangle a unique circle, called the circumcircle, can be circumscribed such that it goes through each of the triangle's three vertices.[11]
A tangential polygon, such as a tangential quadrilateral, is any convex polygon within which a circle can be inscribed that is tangent to each side of the polygon.[12]
A cyclic polygon is any convex polygon about which a circle can be circumscribed, passing through each vertex. A well-studied example is the cyclic quadrilateral.
A hypocycloid is a curve that is inscribed in a given circle by tracing a fixed point on a smaller circle that rolls within and tangent to the given circle.
Circle as limiting case of other figures[link]
The circle can be viewed as a limiting case of each of various other figures:
- A Cartesian oval is a set of points such that a weighted sum of the distances from any of its points to two fixed points (foci) is a constant. An ellipse is the case in which the weights are equal. A circle is an ellipse with an eccentricity of zero, meaning that the two foci coincide with each other as the centre of the circle. A circle is also a different special case of a Cartesian oval in which one of the weights is zero.
- A superellipse has an equation of the form Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \left|\frac{x}{a}\right|^n\! + \left|\frac{y}{b}\right|^n\! = 1
for positive a, b, and n. A supercircle has b = a. A circle is the special case of a supercircle in which n = 2.
- A Cassini oval is a set of points such that the product of the distances from any of its points to two fixed points is a constant. When the two fixed points coincide, a circle results.
- A curve of constant width is a figure whose width, defined as the perpendicular distance between two distinct parallel lines each intersecting its boundary in a single point, is the same regardless of the direction of those two parallel lines. The circle is the simplest example of this type of figure.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Chronology for 30000 BC to 500 BC. History.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-05-03.
- ^ Squaring the circle. History.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-05-03.
- ^ Measurement of a Circle by Archimedes
- ^ Posamentier and Salkind, Challenging Problems in Geometry, Dover, 2nd edition, 1996: pp. 104–105, #4–23.
- ^ College Mathematics Journal 29(4), September 1998, p. 331, problem 635.
- ^ Johnson, Roger A., Advanced Euclidean Geometry, Dover Publ., 2007.
- ^ Harkness, James (1898). Introduction to the theory of analytic functions. London, New York: Macmillan and Co.. p. 30. http://dlxs2.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=math;idno=01680002.
- ^ Ogilvy, C. Stanley, Excursions in Geometry, Dover, 1969, 14–17.
- ^ Altshiller-Court, Nathan, College Geometry, Dover, 2007 (orig. 1952).
- ^ Incircle – from Wolfram MathWorld. Mathworld.wolfram.com (2012-04-26). Retrieved on 2012-05-03.
- ^ Circumcircle – from Wolfram MathWorld. Mathworld.wolfram.com (2012-04-26). Retrieved on 2012-05-03.
- ^ Tangential Polygon – from Wolfram MathWorld. Mathworld.wolfram.com (2012-04-26). Retrieved on 2012-05-03.
Further reading[link]
- Pedoe, Dan (1988). Geometry: a comprehensive course. Dover.
- "Circle" in The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Circle geometry |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Circles |
- Circle (PlanetMath.org website)
- Weisstein, Eric W., "Circle" from MathWorld.
- Interactive Java applets for the properties of and elementary constructions involving circles.
- Interactive Standard Form Equation of Circle Click and drag points to see standard form equation in action
- Munching on Circles at cut-the-knot
- Area of a Circle Calculate the basic properties of a circle.
- MathAce's Circle article – has a good in-depth explanation of unit circles and transforming circular equations.
http://wn.com/Circle
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Kreis
http://es.wn.com/Círculo
http://ru.wn.com/Окружность
http://cs.wn.com/Kružnice
http://pt.wn.com/Círculo
http://pl.wn.com/Okrąg
http://hi.wn.com/वृत्त
http://it.wn.com/Cerchio
http://id.wn.com/Lingkaran
http://nl.wn.com/Cirkel
http://fr.wn.com/Cercle
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2009) |
| Marques Houston | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Marques Barrett Houston |
| Also known as | MH, Batman, Roger, M Houston |
| Born | (1981-08-04) August 4, 1981 (age 30) Inglewood, California |
| Genres | R&B, hip hop |
| Occupations | Singer, producer, songwriter, actor |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano, Guitar |
| Years active | 1992–2002 (Immature/IMx) 2003–present (solo) 1992–present (actor) |
| Labels | Capitol Records, Musicworks, TUG Entertainment, Universal Records |
| Associated acts | IMx, Omarion, B2K, J-Boog, Rick Ross |
| Website | www.marqueshoustononline.com |
Marques Barrett Houston (born August 4, 1981) is an American R&B singer, songwriter, rapper, and actor. A member of the R&B singing group Immature/IMx until 2002, he went solo in 2003. He is also the cousin of J-Boog, former member of the R&B group B2K.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born in Inglewood, California to Michael and Carolyn,[1] Houston lost his mother to lymphoma in 1997.[2] This affected him deeply: he wrote songs about his mother's battle with the disease and her eventual death, including the song "All Alone" on Immature's album The Journey.[citation needed] He is of African American and Mexican American descent.[3]
Music career[link]
Early career and IMx[link]
Houston became a founding member of the R&B group Immature, known from 1999 as IMx. The group included Jerome "Romeo" Jones and Don "Half Pint" Santos (later replaced by Kelton "LDB" Kessee), with Chris Stokes acting as their manager. At this period Houston went by the nickname "Batman". The group released four albums under the name Immature.
In 1999, the group underwent a name change but continued on to release two albums under the name IMx: Introducing IMx (1999) and IMx (2001). The group also branched out into film (such as House Party 4: Down to the Last Minute) and television (such as A Different World) before disbanding in 2002.
Solo career[link]
In 2003, Houston began pursuing a solo career. Houston has since released five solo albums.
[edit] MH (2003-2004)
Using his birth name, Marques Houston, he released his debut album, MH, on October 21, 2003. The album featured the singles "That Girl", "Clubbin'" (featuring Joe Budden), "Pop That Booty" (featuring Jermaine Dupri) and "Because of You".
In the United States charts, MH peaked at number 20 on the Billboard 200[4] and peaked at number 5 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.[5]
[edit] Naked (2005)
Houston released his second solo album, Naked, on May 24, 2005. The album featured the singles "All Because of You" (featuring Young Rome), "Naked" and "Sex Wit You".
In the United States, Naked peaked at number 13 on the Billboard[6] and peaked at number 5 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.[7]
[edit] Veteran (2006-2007)
Houston released his third solo album, Veteran, on March 20, 2007. The album featured the singles "Like This" (featuring Yung Joc), "Favorite Girl", "Circle" and "Wonderful".
In the United States, Veteran debuted (and peaked) at number 5 on the Billboard 200[2][8] and debuted at number 1 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums,[2][9] marking this release as Houston's first number-one solo album.
[edit] Mr. Houston (2009)
Houston released his fourth solo album, Mr. Houston on September 29, 2009. It featured the singles, "I Love Her" and "Sunset". Videos for the album tracks "Body" and "Date" were released online in 2008. "How I Do" and "Case of You" received video premieres in 2009, followed by a video for "Tonight" in 2010.
[edit] Mattress Music and IMx reunion (2010–present)
On September 14, 2010, Houston released his fifth studio album, Mattress Music, which contained the singles "Kickin' & Screamin' and "Pullin' on Her Hair". A video for a third, "Ghetto Angel" premiered in 2011. Houston announced on 106 & Park that IMx planned to record another group album together for 2011.
Other music work[link]
Houston continues to work with former bandmate Jerome "Romeo" Jones (as of 2010[update] known as Young Rome). Houston made guest appearances on Jones' album Food for Thought (2004) on songs entitled "Sexapade" and "What Cha Doin' Tonight" while Jones made a guest appearance on Houston's album Naked on the song entitled "All Because of You". The two also collaborated on "For Your Love", a song from an unreleased album by Young Rome.
Houston made guest appearances on fellow TUG Entertainment artist Mila J's single "Good Lookin' Out" and Yung Joc's single "1st Time"; he made appearances in both music videos.
Houston featured on 50 Cent's remix to the hit single "Candy Shop", which also featured Dame Four.
Acting career[link]
Houston made his acting debut in the animated comedy film Bébé's Kids (1992) in which he was the voice of Khalil, the leader and oldest child of the titular "Bébé's Kids".
Houston later appeared in House Party 3 (1994), where he played a fictional version of himself along with fellow Immature bandmates Jerome "Romeo" Jones and Don "Half Pint" Santos. In the film, they portrayed Kid's trouble-making younger cousins who aspire to become musicians.
Houston's breakthrough role came when he won the part of Roger Evans in the television comedy show Sister, Sister, playing the next-door neighbor of identical twin sisters Tia Landry and Tamera Campbell (Tia and Tamera Mowry). Marques played the role for five of the show's six seasons. The show wrote his character out of the script during the fifth season, but he made a guest appearance in the series finale.
In 1997, he had a brief cameo in the movie "Good Burger", a spin off from a sketch on the Nickelodeon show "All That" starring Kenan Thompson and Kel Mitchell. He played Jake, Kenan's friend.
Houston and his IMx (formerly Immature) band members made an appearance in Destiny's Child music video for the single "No, No, No Part 1" off their 1998 album The Writing's on the Wall. Houston was rumored to be dating lead singer Beyoncé Knowles at the time.
In 1999, shortly after Houston's run on the Sister, Sister program, Marques had a brief cameo in Destiny Child's video rendition of the The Writing's on the Wall single Jumpin', Jumpin' directed by Joseph Kahn.[10]
He also played the character Elgin Barrett Eugene Smith III in the 2004 film You Got Served. Following You Got Served, in both live-action and voiceover, he portrayed Dumb Donald in the film adaptation of Fat Albert, based on Bill Cosby's popular cartoon series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.
In 2005 Houston starred in his own television series, Cuts, which was a spin-off of One on One. Despite good ratings, the show only lasted one season due to UPN merging with The WB to become The CW which caused Cuts along with many other UPN shows to get cancelled.
In 2007 Houston starred in the horror film Somebody Help Me. He then starred in the sequel, Somebody Help Me 2 in 2010.
Personal life[link]
In 2007, pictures began surfacing of Houston and his T.U.G labelmate, singer Jamila "Mila J" Chilombo (formerly of the R&B groups Gyrl and Dame Four), kissing and holding hands.[11][12] It was said in some reports that the pictures were old and that Houston and Chilombo were already broken up. Chilombo is the sister of singer Jhené Aiko.
Also in 2007, blogs began reporting that Houston was engaged to "My Wife and Kids" actress Jennifer Freeman.[13] The two starred together in the 2004 film "You Got Served". This report was never confirmed or denied by Houston or Freeman.
In March 2010, Omarion, posted pictures on the social website Twitter, of Houston and his girlfriend Marlina or Marlena, celebrating their two year anniversary.[14]
Discography[link]
Main articles: Marques Houston discography and IMx discography
- Studio albums
- MH (2003)
- Naked (2005)
- Veteran (2007)
- Mr. Houston (2009)
- Mattress Music (2010)
- Favorite Stripper (2012)
Filmography[link]
Television[link]
|
Film[link]
|
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Award | Category | Film/TV show | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Young Artist Awards | Best Youth Comedian in a TV Show | Sister, Sister | Won |
| 2004 | MTV Movie Awards | Best Dance Sequence (shared with Omarion Grandberry) | You Got Served | Nominated |
| 2005 | Teen Choice Awards | Choice TV Actor - Comedy | Cuts | Nominated |
References[link]
- ^ "Marques Houston Biography (1981-)". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/32/Marques-Houston.html. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
- ^ a b c "Marques Houston's 'Veteran' Debuts at Number One". EURweb.com. 2007-03-20. http://www.eurweb.com/story/eur32471.cfm.
- ^ "Marques Houston's ethnicity". http://ethnicelebs.com/marques-houston.
- ^ "The Billboard 200: MH". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=305&cfgn=Albums&cfn=The+Billboard+200&ci=3052796&cdi=8114141&cid=02%2F21%2F2004. Retrieved 2008-02-03. [dead link]
- ^ "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: MH". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=333&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Top+R%26amp%3BB%2FHip-Hop+Albums&ci=3053097&cdi=8125368&cid=03%2F20%2F2004. Retrieved 2008-02-03. [dead link]
- ^ "The Billboard 200: Naked". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=305&cfgn=Albums&cfn=The+Billboard+200&ci=3062647&cdi=8486400&cid=11%2F19%2F2005. Retrieved 2008-02-04. [dead link]
- ^ "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Nasty". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=333&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Top+R%26amp%3BB%2FHip-Hop+Albums&ci=3065143&cdi=8572766&cid=04%2F01%2F2006. Retrieved 2008-02-04. [dead link]
- ^ "The Billboard 200: Veteran". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=305&cfgn=Albums&cfn=The+Billboard+200&ci=3084103&cdi=9263428&cid=06%2F09%2F2007. Retrieved 2008-02-05. [dead link]
- ^ "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Veteran". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=305&cfgn=Albums&cfn=The+Billboard+200&ci=3084103&cdi=9263428&cid=06%2F09%2F2007. Retrieved 2008-02-05. [dead link]
- ^ [1], 'Jumpin'n, Jumpin'" Music Video
- ^ "The Round Up: Shemar Moore Arrested On Dui, New Marques Houston & Mila J Pics; The Rock Separates From His Wife". Concreteloop.Com. 2007-06-04. http://concreteloop.com/2007/06/round-up. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
- ^ Posted by juiicySCOOP on Monday, April 23, 2007 at 5:04 PM (2007-04-23). "JuiicyScoop: Marque Houstons Boo". Juiicyscoop.blogspot.com. http://juiicyscoop.blogspot.com/2007/04/marque-houstons-boo.html. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
- ^ View Comments. "Exclusive: Marques Houston Engaged". Bossip. http://bossip.com/8446/exclusive-marques-houston-engaged/. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
- ^ View Comments. "Coupled Up: Marques Houston Celebrates Two-Year Anniversary With Boo". Bossip. http://bossip.com/226324/coupled-up-marques-houston-celebrates-two-year-anniversary-with-boo/. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Houston, Marques |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1981-08-04 |
| Place of birth | Los Angeles, California |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Marques_Houston
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Marques Houston
http://de.wn.com/Marques Houston
http://it.wn.com/Marques Houston
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marques_Houston
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Edie Brickell | |
|---|---|
 Brickell performing at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, January 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Edie Arlisa Brickell |
| Born | (1966-03-10) March 10, 1966 (age 46) |
| Origin | Oak Cliff, Dallas, Texas, United States |
| Genres | Alternative rock Folk rock Jangle pop Jam rock New wave Neo-psychedelia Pop rock |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, guitarist |
| Years active | 1985–present |
| Labels | Geffen |
| Associated acts | Edie Brickell & New Bohemians, The Heavy Circles, The Gaddabouts |
| Website | ediebrickell.com |
Edie Arlisa Brickell (born March 10, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter widely known for 1988's Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars, the debut album by Edie Brickell & New Bohemians, which went #4 on the US Albums Chart.
Contents |
Life and career[link]
Brickell was born in Oak Cliff, Dallas, Texas. She attended high school at the Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts[1] in Dallas. She attended Southern Methodist University for a year and a half. In 1985, she made the decision one night in a bar to get up on stage with a local folk rock group, New Bohemians. She would join the band as lead singer. After the band was signed to a recording contract, the label changed the group's name to Edie Brickell & New Bohemians. Their 1988 debut album Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars became a critical and commercial success, with the big hit, "What I Am". The band's follow-up album, Ghost of a Dog (1990), did not fare as well.[2] As a solo artist, Brickell released Picture Perfect Morning (1994) and Volcano (2003). In 2006 she reunited with some of the original members of New Bohemians and they released the album Stranger Things.[3]
In late 2007, Brickell and her stepson Harper Simon formed the band The Heavy Circles. They released a single on iTunes entitled "Hands On." The Heavy Circles released a debut album on February 12, 2008, featuring Sean Lennon, Martha Wainwright, and members of Cibo Matto.[4]
In 2010, Brickell became a founding member of new band The Gaddabouts, consisting of Steve Gadd - drums, Edie Brickell - lead vocal, guitar, Andy Fairweather Low - electric & acoustic guitars, background vocals, Pino Palladino - bass, guitar, also featuring Dan Block, Ronnie Cuber, Joey DeFrancesco, Gil Goldstein, Marcus Rojas.http://www.thegaddabouts.com/the-band/
Brickell had a role as a folk singer in the 1989 film, Born on the Fourth of July. Her version of Bob Dylan's "A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" is featured on the film's soundtrack. She also sang a cover version of Lou Reed's Walk on the Wild Side in the 1990 film Flashback. Her "Good Times" video was included as part of the multimedia samples on the Windows 95 installation CD-ROM.[5]
Her father, Eddie Brickell, "the Fort Worth Southpaw", was posthumously inducted into the Texas State Bowling Association Hall of Fame in 1988.[6]
Brickell married singer-songwriter Paul Simon on May 30, 1992.[7] Brickell was performing on NBC's Saturday Night Live on Saturday November 5, 1988 when she noticed Simon standing in front of the cameraman. "He made me mess the song up when I looked at him," she said with a smile. "We can show the kids the tape and say, 'Look, that's when we first laid eyes on each other.'" Brickell and Simon have three children—Adrian, Lulu and Gabriel.[8]
In 2011, Edie wrote the title track “The Meaning of Life” for writer/director Tamar Halpern’s film Jeremy Fink and the Meaning of Life.
Discography[link]
- It's Like This... (1986)
- Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars (1988) US #4, 2x platinum
- Ghost of a Dog (1990)
- Picture Perfect Morning (1994)
- The Live Montauk Sessions (2000)
- The Ultimate Collection (2002)
- Volcano (2003)
- Stranger Things (2006)
- The Heavy Circles (2008)
- Edie Brickell (2011)
- The Gaddabouts (2011)
Other contributions[link]
- Microsoft Windows 95 (1995) - "Good Times" Video
- WFUV: City Folk Live VII (2004) - "Take a Walk"
References[link]
- ^ Larson (2008-02-16). "Dallas performing, visual arts school set for Taste of the Arts". The Dallas Morning News. http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/DN-ocfocus_16met.ART.West.Edition1.45648b9.html. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
- ^ "Edie Brickell". MTV Networks / VH1. http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/brickell_edie/artist.jhtml. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ David Dye (2006-09-07). "Edie Brickell & New Bohemians: Starting Over". World Cafe. NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5782965. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
- ^ "Brickell Finds New Sound in The Heavy Circles". Weekend Edition Sunday. NPR. 2008-02-10. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18816582. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
- ^ MANES, STEPHEN (1995-08-01). "PERSONAL COMPUTERS; Personal Computers: What Is Windows 95 Really Like?". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE5DB1631F932A3575BC0A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=3. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
- ^ "Hall of Fame". Texas State Bowling Association. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930141632/http://www.texasbowling.com/tsba/hall.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ Dixon, Ken (2007-04-26). "Music Hall of Fame Proposed for State". Connecticut Post (Bridgeport, CT). Article ID 5761094 (fee required).
- ^ "Celebrity daddies 2010". Today. msnbc. 2011-01-03. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/37336500/displaymode/1247?beginSlide=34.
External links[link]
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- Edie Brickell official website
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Brickell, Edie |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1966-03-10 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| David Bowie | |
|---|---|
 Bowie during the Heathen Tour in 2002. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | David Robert Jones |
| Born | (1947-01-08) 8 January 1947 (age 65) Brixton, London, England |
| Genres | Rock, glam rock, art rock, pop |
| Occupations | Musician, singer-songwriter, record producer, actor |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, keyboards, harmonica, saxophone, viola, cello, koto, percussion |
| Years active | 1964–2008 |
| Labels | Deram, RCA, Virgin, EMI, ISO, Columbia, BMG, Pye |
| Associated acts | The Riot Squad, Arnold Corns, Tin Machine, The Hype, The Lower Third, The Konrads |
| Website | davidbowie.com |
David Bowie (
/ˈboʊ.i/ BOH-ee;[1] born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English musician, actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for over four decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s. He is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth and eclecticism of his work.
Bowie first caught the eye and ear of the public in July 1969, when his song "Space Oddity" reached the top five of the UK Singles Chart. After a three-year period of experimentation he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with the flamboyant, androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust, spearheaded by the hit single "Starman" and the album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Bowie's impact at that time, as described by biographer David Buckley, "challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day" and "created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture."[2] The relatively short-lived Ziggy persona proved merely one facet of a career marked by continual reinvention, musical innovation and striking visual presentation.
In 1975, Bowie achieved his first major American crossover success with the number-one single "Fame" and the hit album Young Americans, which the singer characterised as "plastic soul". The sound constituted a radical shift in style that initially alienated many of his UK devotees. He then confounded the expectations of both his record label and his American audiences by recording the minimalist album Low (1977)—the first of three collaborations with Brian Eno over the next two years. The so-called "Berlin Trilogy" albums all reached the UK top five and garnered lasting critical praise.
After uneven commercial success in the late 1970s, Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single "Ashes to Ashes", its parent album Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps), and "Under Pressure", a 1981 collaboration with Queen. He then reached a new commercial peak in 1983 with Let's Dance, which yielded several hit singles. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with musical styles, including blue-eyed soul, industrial, adult contemporary, and jungle. His last recorded album was Reality (2003), which was supported by the 2003–04 Reality Tour.
Buckley says of Bowie: "His influence has been unique in popular culture—he has permeated and altered more lives than any comparable figure."[2] In the BBC's 2002 poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, Bowie was placed at number 29. Throughout his career, he has sold an estimated 140 million albums. In the UK, he has been awarded nine Platinum album certifications, 11 Gold and eight Silver, and in the US, five Platinum and seven Gold certifications. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him 39th on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time", and 23rd on their list of the best singers of all-time.
Biography[link]
1947–62: early years[link]
David Bowie was born David Robert Jones in Brixton, London, on 8 January 1947. His mother, Margaret Mary "Peggy" (née Burns), of Irish descent,[3] worked as a cinema usherette, while his father, Haywood Stenton "John" Jones was a promotions officer for Barnardo's. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, located near the border of the south London areas of Brixton and Stockwell. A neighbour recalled that "London in the forties was the worst possible place, and the worst possible time for a child to grow up in." Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler.[4][5]
In 1953 the family moved to the suburb of Bromley, where, two years later, Bowie progressed to Burnt Ash Junior School. His voice was considered "adequate" by the school choir, and his recorder playing judged to demonstrate above-average musical ability.[6] At the age of nine, his dancing during the newly introduced music and movement classes was strikingly imaginative: teachers called his interpretations "vividly artistic" and his poise "astonishing" for a child.[6] The same year, his interest in music was further stimulated when his father brought home a collection of American 45s by artists including Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers, The Platters, Fats Domino, Elvis Presley and Little Richard.[7][8] Upon listening to "Tutti Frutti", Bowie would later say, "I had heard God".[9] Presley's impact on him was likewise emphatic: "I saw a cousin of mine dance to ... 'Hound Dog' and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything. It really impressed me, the power of the music. I started getting records immediately after that."[8] By the end of the following year he had taken up the ukelele and tea-chest bass and begun to participate in skiffle sessions with friends, and had started to play the piano; meanwhile his stage presentation of numbers by both Presley and Chuck Berry—complete with gyrations in tribute to the original artists—to his local Wolf Cub group was described as "mesmerizing ... like someone from another planet."[8] Failing his eleven plus exam at the conclusion of his Burnt Ash Junior education, Bowie joined Bromley Technical High School.[10]
It was an unusual technical school, as biographer Christopher Sandford writes:
Despite its status it was, by the time David arrived in 1958, as rich in arcane ritual as any [English] public school. There were houses, named after eighteenth-century statesmen like Pitt and Wilberforce. There was a uniform, and an elaborate system of rewards and punishments. There was also an accent on languages, science and particularly design, where a collegiate atmosphere flourished under the tutorship of Owen Frampton. In David's account, Frampton led through force of personality, not intellect; his colleagues at Bromley Tech were famous for neither, and yielded the school's most gifted pupils to the arts, a regime so liberal that Frampton actively encouraged his own son, Peter, to pursue a musical career with David, a partnership briefly intact thirty years later.[10]
Bowie studied art, music, and design, including layout and typesetting. After Terry Burns, his half-brother, introduced him to modern jazz, his enthusiasm for players like Charles Mingus and John Coltrane led his mother to give him a plastic alto saxophone in 1961; he was soon receiving lessons from a local musician.[11]
In 1962, George Underwood injured Bowie's eye in a fight over a girl. Bowie owes his unusual eyes to the fact that not all the damage could be surgically repaired. Despite their fisticuffs, Underwood and Bowie remained good friends, and Underwood went on to create the artwork for Bowie's early albums.[12]
Eyes[link]
Bowie received a serious injury at school in 1962 when his friend George Underwood, while wearing a ring on his finger, punched him in the left eye during a fight over a girl. Doctors feared he would become blind in that eye. After a series of operations during a four-month hospitalisation,[13] his doctors determined that the damage could not be fully repaired and Bowie was left with faulty depth perception and a permanently dilated pupil. The latter condition has misled some to believe that Bowie has different coloured eyes, when in reality both irises are the same blue colour. [14]
1962–68: the Konrads to the Riot Squad[link]
Graduating from his plastic saxophone to a real instrument in 1962, Bowie formed his first band at the age of 15. Playing guitar-based rock and roll at local youth gatherings and weddings, the Konrads had a varying line-up of between four and eight members, Underwood among them.[15] When Bowie left the technical school the following year, he informed his parents of his intention to become a pop star. His mother promptly arranged his employment as an electrician's mate. Frustrated by his band-mates' limited aspirations, Bowie left the Konrads and joined another band, the King Bees. He wrote to the newly successful washing-machine entrepreneur John Bloom inviting him to "do for us what Brian Epstein has done for the Beatles—and make another million." Bloom did not respond to the offer, but his referral to Dick James's partner Leslie Conn led to Bowie's first personal management contract.[16]
Conn quickly began to promote Bowie. The singer's debut single, "Liza Jane", credited to Davie Jones and the King Bees, had no commercial success. Dissatisfied with the King Bees and their repertoire of Howlin' Wolf and Willie Dixon blues numbers, Bowie quit the band less than a month later to join the Manish Boys, another blues outfit, who incorporated folk and soul — "I used to dream of being their Mick Jagger", Bowie was to recall.[16] "I Pity the Fool" was no more successful than "Liza Jane", and Bowie soon moved on again to join the Lower Third, a blues trio strongly influenced by The Who. "You've Got a Habit of Leaving" fared no better, signalling the end of Conn's contract. Declaring that he would exit the pop world "to study mime at Sadler's Wells", Bowie nevertheless remained with the Lower Third. His new manager, Ralph Horton, later instrumental in his transition to solo artist, soon witnessed Bowie's move to yet another group, the Buzz, yielding the singer's fifth unsuccessful single release, "Do Anything You Say". While with the Buzz, Bowie also joined the Riot Squad; their recordings, which included a Bowie number and Velvet Underground material, went unreleased. Ken Pitt, introduced by Horton, took over as Bowie's manager.[17]
Dissatisfied with his stage name as Davy (and Davie) Jones, which in the mid-1960s invited confusion with Davy Jones of The Monkees, Bowie renamed himself after the 19th century American frontiersman Jim Bowie and the knife he had popularised.[18] His April 1967 solo single, "The Laughing Gnome", utilising sped-up Chipmunk-style vocals, failed to chart. Released six weeks later, his album debut, David Bowie, an amalgam of pop, psychedelia, and music hall, met the same fate. It would be his last release for two years.[19]
Bowie's fascination with the bizarre was fuelled when he met dancer Lindsay Kemp: "He lived on his emotions, he was a wonderful influence. His day-to-day life was the most theatrical thing I had ever seen, ever. It was everything I thought Bohemia probably was. I joined the circus."[20] Kemp, for his part, recalled, "I didn't really teach him to be a mime artiste but to be more of himself on the outside, ... I enabled him to free the angel and demon that he is on the inside."[20] Studying the dramatic arts under Kemp, from avant-garde theatre and mime to commedia dell'arte, Bowie became immersed in the creation of personae to present to the world. Satirising life in a British prison, meanwhile, the Bowie-penned "Over the Wall We Go" became a 1967 single for Oscar; another Bowie composition, "Silly Boy Blue", was released by Billy Fury the following year.[21] After Kemp cast Bowie with Hermione Farthingale for a poetic minuet, the pair began dating; they soon moved into a London flat together. Playing acoustic guitar, she formed a group with Bowie and bassist John Hutchinson; between September 1968 and early 1969, when Bowie and Farthingale broke up, the trio gave a small number of concerts combining folk, Merseybeat, poetry and mime.[22]
1969–73: psychedelic folk to glam rock[link]
[edit] Space Oddity to Hunky Dory
Because of his lack of commercial success, Bowie was forced to try to earn a living in different ways. He featured in a Lyons Maid ice cream commercial, but was rejected for another by Kit Kat.[23] Intended as a vehicle to promote the singer, a 30-minute film featuring performances from his repertoire, Love You till Tuesday, was made. Although not released until 1984, the filming sessions in January 1969 led to unexpected success when Bowie told the producers, "That film of yours—I've got a new song for it." He then demoed the song that would provide his commercial breakthrough. "Space Oddity" was released later in the year to coincide with the first moon landing.[23] Breaking up with Farthingale shortly after completion of the film, Bowie moved in with Mary Finnigan as her lodger.[24] Continuing the divergence from rock and roll and blues begun by his work with Farthingale, Bowie joined forces with Finnigan, Christina Ostrom and Barrie Jackson to run a folk club on Sunday nights at the Three Tuns pub in Beckenham High Street.[24] This soon morphed into the Beckenham Arts Lab, and became extremely popular. The Arts Lab hosted a free festival in a local park, later immortalised by Bowie in his song "Memory of a Free Festival".[25] "Space Oddity" was released on 11 July, five days ahead of the Apollo 11 launch, to become a UK top five hit. Bowie's second album, Space Oddity, followed in November; originally issued in the UK as David Bowie, it caused some confusion with its predecessor of the same name, and the early US release was instead titled Man of Words/Man of Music. Featuring philosophical post-hippie lyrics on peace, love and morality, its acoustic folk rock occasionally fortified by harder rock, the album was not a commercial success at the time of its release.[26]
Bowie met Angela Barnett in April 1969. They would marry within a year. Her impact on him was immediate, and her involvement in his career far-reaching, leaving Pitt with limited influence.[27] Having established himself as a solo artist with "Space Oddity", Bowie now began to sense a lack: "a full-time band for gigs and recording—people he could relate to personally".[28] The shortcoming was underlined by his artistic rivalry with Marc Bolan, who was at the time acting as his session guitarist.[28] A band was duly assembled. John Cambridge, a drummer Bowie met at the Arts Lab, was joined by Tony Visconti on bass and Mick Ronson on electric guitar. Known as The Hype, the band members created characters for themselves and wore elaborate costumes that prefigured the glam style of The Spiders From Mars. After a disastrous opening gig at the London Roundhouse, they reverted to a configuration presenting Bowie as a solo artist.[28][29] Their initial studio work was marred by a heated disagreement between Bowie and Cambridge over the latter's drumming style; matters came to a head when Bowie, enraged, accused, "You're fucking up my album." Cambridge summarily quit and was replaced by Mick Woodmansey.[30] Not long after, in a move that would result in years of litigation, at the conclusion of which Bowie would be forced to pay Pitt compensation, the singer fired his manager, replacing him with Tony Defries.[30]
The studio sessions continued and resulted in Bowie's third album, The Man Who Sold the World (1970). Characterised by the heavy rock sound of his new backing band, it was a marked departure from the acoustic guitar and folk rock style established by Space Oddity. To promote it in the United States, Mercury Records financed a coast-to-coast publicity tour in which Bowie, between January and February 1971, was interviewed by radio stations and the media. Exploiting his androgynous appearance, the original cover of the UK version unveiled two months later would depict the singer wearing a dress: taking the garment with him, he wore it during interviews—to the approval of critics, including Rolling Stone's John Mendelsohn who described him as "ravishing, almost disconcertingly reminiscent of Lauren Bacall"—and in the street, to mixed reaction including laughter and, in the case of one male pedestrian, producing a gun and telling Bowie to "kiss my ass".[31][32] During the tour Bowie's observation of two seminal American proto-punk artists led him to develop a concept that would eventually find form in the Ziggy Stardust character: a melding of the persona of Iggy Pop with the music of Lou Reed, producing "the ultimate pop idol".[31] A girlfriend recalled his "scrawling notes on a cocktail napkin about a crazy rock star named Iggy or Ziggy", and on his return to England he declared his intention to create a character "who looks like he's landed from Mars".[31]
Hunky Dory (1971) found Visconti, Bowie's producer and bassist, supplanted in both roles, by Ken Scott and Trevor Bolder respectively. The album saw the partial return of the fey pop singer of "Space Oddity", with light fare such as "Kooks", a song written for his son, Duncan Zowie Haywood Jones, born on 30 May.[33] (His parents chose "his kooky name"—he would be known as Zowie for the next 12 years—after the Greek word zoe, life.)[34] Elsewhere, the album explored more serious themes, and found Bowie paying unusually direct homage to his influences with "Song for Bob Dylan", "Andy Warhol", and "Queen Bitch", a Velvet Underground pastiche. It was not a significant commercial success at the time[35] but was ranked No.16 by voters in the All Time Top 1000 Albums.
[edit] Ziggy Stardust
With his next venture, Bowie, in the words of biographer David Buckley, "challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day" and "created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture".[2] Dressed in a striking costume, his hair dyed red, Bowie launched his Ziggy Stardust stage show with the Spiders from Mars—Ronson, Bolder and Woodmansey—at the Toby Jug pub in Tolworth on 10 February 1972.[36] The show was hugely popular, catapulting him to stardom as he toured the UK over the course of the next six months and creating, as described by Buckley, a "cult of Bowie" that was "unique—its influence lasted longer and has been more creative than perhaps almost any other force within pop fandom."[36] The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1972), combining the hard rock elements of The Man Who Sold the World with the lighter experimental rock and pop of Hunky Dory, was released in June. "Starman", issued as an April single ahead of the album, was to cement Bowie's UK breakthrough: both single and album charted rapidly following his July Top of the Pops performance of the song. The album, which would remain in the chart for two years, was soon joined there by the six-month-old Hunky Dory. At the same time the non-album single "John, I’m Only Dancing", and "All the Young Dudes", a song he wrote and produced for Mott the Hoople, became UK hits. The Ziggy Stardust Tour continued to the United States.[37]
Bowie contributed backing vocals to Lou Reed's 1972 solo breakthrough Transformer, co-producing the album with Mick Ronson.[38] His own Aladdin Sane (1973) topped the UK chart, his first number one album. Described by Bowie as "Ziggy goes to America", it contained songs he wrote while travelling to and across the United States during the earlier part of the Ziggy tour, which now continued to Japan to promote the new album. Aladdin Sane spawned the UK top five singles "The Jean Genie" and "Drive-In Saturday".[39][40]
Bowie's love of acting led his total immersion in the characters he created for his music. "Offstage I'm a robot. Onstage I achieve emotion. It's probably why I prefer dressing up as Ziggy to being David." With satisfaction came severe personal difficulties: acting the same role over an extended period, it became impossible for him to separate Ziggy Stardust—and, later, the Thin White Duke—from his own character offstage. Ziggy, Bowie said, "wouldn't leave me alone for years. That was when it all started to go sour ... My whole personality was affected. It became very dangerous. I really did have doubts about my sanity."[41] His later Ziggy shows, which included songs from both Ziggy Stardust and Aladdin Sane, were ultra-theatrical affairs filled with shocking stage moments, such as Bowie stripping down to a sumo wrestling loincloth or simulating oral sex with Ronson's guitar.[42] Bowie toured and gave press conferences as Ziggy before a dramatic and abrupt on-stage "retirement" at London's Hammersmith Odeon on 3 July 1973. Footage from the final show was released in 1983 for the film Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars.[43]
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Sample of "Ziggy Stardust" (1972). A pioneer of glam rock, Bowie performed as the character Ziggy Stardust, backed by The Spiders from Mars.
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After breaking up the Spiders from Mars, Bowie attempted to move on from his Ziggy persona. His back catalogue was now highly sought: The Man Who Sold the World had been re-released in 1972 along with Space Oddity. "Life on Mars?", from Hunky Dory, was released in June 1973 and made number three in the UK singles chart. Entering the same chart in September, Bowie's novelty record from 1967, "The Laughing Gnome", would reach number four.[44] Pin Ups, a collection of covers of his 1960s favourites, followed in October, producing a UK number three hit in "Sorrow" and itself peaking at number one, making David Bowie the best-selling act of 1973 in the UK. It brought the total number of Bowie albums currently in the UK chart to six.[45]
1974–76: soul, funk and the Thin White Duke[link]
Bowie moved to the United States in 1974, initially staying in New York City before settling in Los Angeles.[46] Diamond Dogs (1974), parts of which found him heading towards soul and funk, was the product of two distinct ideas: a musical based on a wild future in a post-apocalyptic city, and setting George Orwell's 1984 to music.[47] The album went to number one in the UK, spawning the hits "Rebel Rebel" and "Diamond Dogs", and number five in the US. To promote it, Bowie launched the Diamond Dogs Tour, visiting cities in North America between June and December 1974. Choreographed by Toni Basil, and lavishly produced with theatrical special effects, the high-budget stage production was filmed by Alan Yentob. The resulting documentary, Cracked Actor, featured a pasty and emaciated Bowie: the tour coincided with the singer's slide from heavy cocaine use into addiction, producing severe physical debilitation, paranoia and emotional problems.[48] He later commented that the accompanying live album, David Live, ought to have been titled "David Bowie Is Alive and Well and Living Only In Theory". David Live nevertheless solidified Bowie's status as a superstar, charting at number two in the UK and number eight in the US. It also spawned a UK number ten hit in Bowie's cover of "Knock on Wood". After a break in Philadelphia, where Bowie recorded new material, the tour resumed with a new emphasis on soul.[49]
The fruit of the Philadelphia recording sessions was Young Americans (1975). Biographer Christopher Sandford writes, "Over the years, most British rockers had tried, one way or another, to become black-by-extension. Few had succeeded as Bowie did now."[50] The album's sound, which the singer identified as "plastic soul", constituted a radical shift in style that initially alienated many of his UK devotees.[51] Young Americans yielded Bowie's first US number one, "Fame", co-written with John Lennon, who contributed backing vocals, and Carlos Alomar. Lennon would call Bowie's work as "great, but just rock and roll with lipstick on".[52] Earning the distinction of being one of the first white artists to appear on the US variety show Soul Train, Bowie mimed "Fame", as well as "Golden Years", his November single,[53] that it was offered to Elvis Presley to perform, but Presley declined it.[53] Young Americans was a commercial success in both the US and the UK, and a re-issue of the 1969 single "Space Oddity" became Bowie's first number one hit in the UK a few months after "Fame" achieved the same in the US.[54] Despite his by now well established superstardom, Bowie, in the words of biographer Christopher Sandford, "for all his record sales (over a million copies of Ziggy Stardust alone), existed essentially on loose change."[55] In 1975, in a move echoing Ken Pitt's acrimonious dismissal five years earlier, Bowie fired his manager. At the culmination of the ensuing months-long legal dispute, he watched, as described by Sandford, "millions of dollars of his future earnings being surrendered" in what were "uniquely generous terms for Defries", then "shut himself up in West 20th Street, where for a week his howls could be heard through the locked attic door."[55] Michael Lippman, Bowie's lawyer during the negotiations, became his new manager; Lippman in turn would be awarded substantial compensation when Bowie fired him the following year.[56]
Station to Station (1976) introduced a new Bowie persona, the "Thin White Duke" of its title track. Visually, the character was an extension of Thomas Jerome Newton, the extraterrestrial being he portrayed in the film The Man Who Fell to Earth the same year.[57] Developing the funk and soul of Young Americans, Station to Station also prefigured the Krautrock and synthesiser music of his next releases. The extent to which drug addiction was now affecting Bowie was made public when Russell Harty interviewed the singer for his London Weekend Television talk show in anticipation of the album's supporting tour. Shortly before the satellite-linked interview was scheduled to commence, the death of the Spanish dictator General Franco was announced. Bowie was asked to relinquish the satellite booking, to allow the Spanish Government to put out a live newsfeed. This he refused to do, and his interview went ahead. In the ensuing conversation with Harty, as described by biographer David Buckley, "the singer made hardly any sense at all throughout what was quite an extensive interview. [...] Bowie looked completely disconnected and was hardly able to utter a coherent sentence."[58] His sanity—by his own later admission—had become twisted from cocaine; he overdosed several times during the year, and was withering physically to an alarming degree.[48][59]
Station to Station's January 1976 release was followed in February by a three-and-a-half-month concert tour of Europe and North America. Featuring a starkly lit set, the Isolar – 1976 Tour highlighted songs from the album, including the dramatic and lengthy title track, the ballads "Wild Is the Wind" and "Word on a Wing", and the funkier "TVC 15" and "Stay". The core band that coalesced around this album and tour—rhythm guitarist Alomar, bassist George Murray, and drummer Dennis Davis—would continue as a stable unit for the remainder of the 1970s. The tour was highly successful but mired in political controversy. Bowie was quoted in Stockholm as saying that "Britain could benefit from a Fascist leader", and was detained by customs on the Russian/Polish border for possessing Nazi paraphernalia.[60] Matters came to a head in London in May in what became known as the "Victoria Station incident". Arriving in an open-top Mercedes convertible, the singer waved to the crowd in a gesture that some alleged was a Nazi salute, which was captured on camera and published in NME. Bowie said the photographer simply caught him in mid-wave.[61] He later blamed his pro-Fascism comments and his behaviour during the period on his addictions and the character of the Thin White Duke.[62] "I was out of my mind, totally crazed. The main thing I was functioning on was mythology ... that whole thing about Hitler and Rightism ... I'd discovered King Arthur ...".[59] According to playwright Alan Franks, writing later in The Times, "he was indeed 'deranged'. He had some very bad experiences with hard drugs."[63]
1976–79: the Berlin era[link]
Bowie moved to Switzerland in 1976, purchasing a chalet in the hills to the north of Lake Geneva. In the new environment, his cocaine use increased; so too did his interest in pursuits outside his musical career. He took up painting, and produced a number of post-modernist pieces. When on tour, he took to sketching in a notebook, and photographing scenes for later reference. Visiting galleries in Geneva and the Brücke Museum in Berlin, Bowie became, in the words of biographer Christopher Sandford, "a prolific producer and collector of contemporary art. [...] Not only did he become a well-known patron of expressionist art: locked in Clos des Mésanges he began an intensive self-improvement course in classical music and literature, and started work on an autobiography".[64]
Before the end of 1976, Bowie's interest in the burgeoning German music scene, as well as his drug addiction, prompted him to move to West Berlin to clean up and revitalise his career. Working with Brian Eno while sharing an apartment in Schöneberg with Iggy Pop, he began to focus on minimalist, ambient music for the first of three albums, co-produced with Tony Visconti, that would become known as his Berlin Trilogy.[65] During the same period, Iggy Pop, with Bowie as a co-writer and musician, completed his solo album debut, The Idiot, and its follow-up, Lust for Life, touring the UK, Europe, and the US in March and April 1977.[66] Low (1977), partly influenced by the Krautrock sound of Kraftwerk and Neu!, evidenced a move away from narration in Bowie's songwriting to a more abstract musical form in which lyrics were sporadic and optional. It received considerable negative criticism upon its release—a release which RCA, anxious to maintain the established commercial momentum, did not welcome, and which Bowie's ex-manager, Tony Defries, who still maintained a significant financial interest in the singer's affairs, tried to prevent. Despite these forebodings, Low yielded the UK number three single "Sound and Vision", and its own performance surpassed that of Station to Station in the UK chart, where it reached number two. Leading contemporary composer Philip Glass described Low as "a work of genius" in 1992, when he used it as the basis for his Symphony No. 1 "Low"; subsequently, Glass used Bowie's next album as the basis for his 1996 Symphony No. 4 "Heroes".[67][68] Glass has praised Bowie's gift for creating "fairly complex pieces of music, masquerading as simple pieces".[69]
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Sample of "Heroes" (1977). One of the ambient rock songs to emerge from Bowie's Berlin Trilogy era, "Heroes" gained lasting popularity.
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Echoing Low's minimalist, instrumental approach, the second of the trilogy, "Heroes" (1977), incorporated pop and rock to a greater extent, seeing Bowie joined by guitarist Robert Fripp. Like Low, "Heroes" evinced the zeitgeist of the Cold War, symbolised by the divided city of Berlin.[70] Incorporating ambient sounds from a variety of sources including white noise generators, synthesizers and koto, the album was another hit, reaching number three in the UK. Its title track, though only reaching number 24 in the UK singles chart, gained lasting popularity, and within months had been released in both German and French.[71] Towards the end of the year, Bowie performed the song for Marc Bolan's television show Marc, and again two days later for Bing Crosby's televised Christmas special, when he joined Crosby in "Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy", a version of "The Little Drummer Boy" with a new, contrapuntal verse. Five years later, the duet would prove a worldwide seasonal hit, charting in the UK at number three on Christmas Day, 1982.[72]
After completing Low and "Heroes", Bowie spent much of 1978 on the Isolar II world tour, bringing the music of the first two Berlin Trilogy albums to almost a million people during 70 concerts in 12 countries. By now he had broken his drug addiction; biographer David Buckley writes that Isolar II was "Bowie's first tour for five years in which he had probably not anaesthetised himself with copious quantities of cocaine before taking the stage. [...] Without the oblivion that drugs had brought, he was now in a healthy enough mental condition to want to make friends."[73] Recordings from the tour made up the live album Stage, released the same year.[74]
The final piece in what Bowie called his "triptych", Lodger (1979), eschewed the minimalist, ambient nature of the other two, making a partial return to the drum- and guitar-based rock and pop of his pre-Berlin era. The result was a complex mixture of New Wave and World Music, in places incorporating Hejaz non-Western scales. Some tracks were composed using Eno and Peter Schmidt's Oblique Strategies cards: "Boys Keep Swinging" entailed band members swapping instruments, "Move On" used the chords from Bowie's early composition "All the Young Dudes" played backwards, and "Red Money" took backing tracks from "Sister Midnight", a piece previously composed with Iggy Pop.[75] The album was recorded in Switzerland. Ahead of its release, RCA's Mel Ilberman stated, "It would be fair to call it Bowie's Sergeant Pepper [...] a concept album that portrays the Lodger as a homeless wanderer, shunned and victimized by life's pressures and technology." As described by biographer Christopher Sandford, "The record dashed such high hopes with dubious choices, and production that spelt the end—for fifteen years—of Bowie's partnership with Eno." Lodger reached number 4 in the UK and number 20 in the US, and yielded the UK hit singles "Boys Keep Swinging" and "DJ".[76][77] Towards the end of the year, Bowie and Angela initiated divorce proceedings, and after months of court battles the marriage was ended in early 1980.[78]
1980–89: from superstar to megastar[link]
Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) (1980) produced the number one hit "Ashes to Ashes", featuring the textural work of guitar-synthesist Chuck Hammer and revisiting the character of Major Tom from "Space Oddity". The song gave international exposure to the underground New Romantic movement when Bowie visited the London club "Blitz"—the main New Romantic hangout—to recruit several of the regulars (including Steve Strange of the band Visage) to act in the accompanying video, renowned as one of the most innovative of all time.[79] While Scary Monsters utilised principles established by the Berlin albums, it was considered by critics to be far more direct musically and lyrically. The album's hard rock edge included conspicuous guitar contributions from Robert Fripp, Pete Townshend, Chuck Hammer and Tom Verlaine.[80] As "Ashes to Ashes" hit number one on the UK charts, Bowie opened a three-month run on Broadway on 24 September, starring in The Elephant Man.[81] The same year, he made a cameo appearance in the German film Christiane F., a real-life story of teenage drug addiction in 1970s Berlin. The soundtrack, in which Bowie's music featured prominently, was released as Christiane F. a few months later.
Bowie paired with Queen in 1981 for a one-off single release, "Under Pressure". The duet was a hit, becoming Bowie's third UK number one single. Bowie was given the lead role in the BBC's 1981 televised adaptation of Bertolt Brecht's play Baal. Coinciding with its transmission, a five-track EP of songs from the play, recorded earlier in Berlin, was released as David Bowie in Bertolt Brecht's Baal. In March 1982, the month before Paul Schrader's film Cat People came out, Bowie's title song, "Cat People (Putting Out Fire)", was released as a single, becoming a minor US hit and entering the UK top 30.[82]
Bowie reached a new peak of popularity and commercial success in 1983 with Let's Dance. Co-produced by Chic's Nile Rodgers, the album went platinum in both the UK and the US. Its three singles became top twenty hits in both countries, where its title track reached number one. "Modern Love" and "China Girl" made number two in the UK, accompanied by a pair of acclaimed promotional videos that, as described by biographer David Buckley, "were totally absorbing and activated key archetypes in the pop world. 'Let's Dance', with its little narrative surrounding the young Aborigine couple, targeted 'youth', and 'China Girl', with its bare-bummed (and later partially censored) beach lovemaking scene (a homage to the film From Here to Eternity), was sufficiently sexually provocative to guarantee heavy rotation on MTV. By 1983, Bowie had emerged as one of the most important video artists of the day. Let's Dance was followed by the Serious Moonlight Tour, during which Bowie was accompanied by guitarist Earl Slick and backing vocalists Frank and George Simms. The world tour lasted six months and was extremely popular.[83] Stevie Ray Vaughan was guest guitarist playing solo on "Let's Dance".
Tonight (1984), another dance-oriented album, found Bowie collaborating with Tina Turner and, once again, Iggy Pop. It included a number of cover songs, among them the 1966 Beach Boys hit "God Only Knows". The album bore the transatlantic top ten hit "Blue Jean", itself the inspiration for a short film that won Bowie a Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video, "Jazzin' for Blue Jean". Bowie performed at Wembley in 1985 for Live Aid, a multi-venue benefit concert for Ethiopian famine relief. During the event, the video for a fundraising single was premièred, Bowie's duet with Mick Jagger. "Dancing in the Street" quickly went to number one on release. The same year, Bowie worked with the Pat Metheny Group to record "This Is Not America" for the soundtrack of The Falcon and the Snowman. Released as a single, the song became a top 40 hit in the UK and US.[84]
Bowie was given a role in the 1986 film Absolute Beginners. It was poorly received by critics, but Bowie's theme song rose to number two in the UK charts. He also appeared as Jareth, the Goblin King, in the 1986 Jim Henson film Labyrinth, for which he wrote five songs. His final solo album of the decade was 1987's Never Let Me Down, where he ditched the light sound of his previous two albums, instead offering harder rock with an industrial/techno dance edge. Peaking at number six in the UK, the album yielded the hits "Day-In, Day-Out" (his 60th single), "Time Will Crawl", and "Never Let Me Down". Bowie later described it as his "nadir", calling it "an awful album".[85] Supporting Never Let Me Down, and preceded by nine promotional press shows, the 86-concert Glass Spider Tour commenced on 30 May. Bowie's backing band included Peter Frampton on lead guitar. Critics maligned the tour as overproduced, saying it pandered to the current stadium rock trends in its special effects and dancing.[86]
1989–91: Tin Machine[link]
Bowie shelved his solo career in 1989, retreating to the relative anonymity of band membership for the first time since the early 1970s. A hard-rocking quartet, Tin Machine came into being after Bowie began to work experimentally with guitarist Reeves Gabrels. The line-up was completed by Tony and Hunt Sales, whom Bowie had known since the late 1970s for their contribution, on drums and bass respectively, to Iggy Pop's 1977 album Lust For Life.[87]
Though he intended Tin Machine to operate as a democracy, Bowie dominated, both in songwriting and in decision-making.[88] The band's album debut, Tin Machine (1989), was initially popular, though its politicised lyrics did not find universal approval: Bowie described one song as "a simplistic, naive, radical, laying-it-down about the emergence of neo-Nazis"; in the view of biographer Christopher Sandford, "It took nerve to denounce drugs, fascism and TV [...] in terms that reached the literary level of a comic book."[89] EMI complained of "lyrics that preach" as well as "repetitive tunes" and "minimalist or no production".[90] The album nevertheless reached number three in the UK.[89] Tin Machine's first world tour was a commercial success, but there was growing reluctance—among fans and critics alike—to accept Bowie's presentation as merely a band member.[91] A series of Tin Machine singles failed to chart, and Bowie, after a disagreement with EMI, left the label.[92] Like his audience and his critics, Bowie himself became increasingly disaffected with his role as just one member of a band.[93] Tin Machine began work on a second album, but Bowie put the venture on hold and made a return to solo work. Performing his early hits during the seven-month Sound+Vision Tour, he found commercial success and acclaim once again.[94]
In October 1990, a decade after his divorce from Angela, Bowie and Somali-born supermodel Iman were introduced by a mutual friend. Bowie recalled, "I was naming the children the night we met ... it was absolutely immediate." They would marry in 1992.[95] Tin Machine resumed work the same month, but their audience and critics, ultimately left disappointed by the first album, showed little interest in a second. Tin Machine II's arrival was marked by a widely publicised and ill-timed conflict over the cover art: after production had begun, the new record label, Victory, deemed the depiction of four ancient nude Kouroi statues, judged by Bowie to be "in exquisite taste", "a show of wrong, obscene images", requiring air-brushing and patching to render the figures sexless.[96] Tin Machine toured again, but after the live album Tin Machine Live: Oy Vey, Baby failed commercially, the band drifted apart, and Bowie, though he continued to collaborate with Gabrels, resumed his solo career.[97]
1992–99: electronica[link]
In April 1992 Bowie appeared at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert, following the Queen frontman's death the previous year. As well as performing "Heroes" and "All the Young Dudes", he was joined on "Under Pressure" by Annie Lennox, who took Mercury's vocal part.[98] Four days later, Bowie and Iman were married in Switzerland. Intending to move to Los Angeles, they flew in to search for a suitable property, but found themselves confined to their hotel, under curfew: the 1992 Los Angeles riots began the day they arrived. They settled in New York instead.[99]
1993 saw the release of Bowie's first solo offering since his Tin Machine departure, the soul, jazz and hip-hop influenced Black Tie White Noise. Making prominent use of electronic instruments, the album, which reunited Bowie with Let's Dance producer Nile Rodgers, confirmed Bowie's return to popularity, hitting the number one spot on the UK charts and spawning three top 40 hits, including the top 10 song "Jump They Say".[100] Bowie explored new directions on The Buddha of Suburbia (1993), a soundtrack album of incidental music composed for the TV series adaptation of Hanif Kureishi's novel. It contained some of the new elements introduced in Black Tie White Noise, and also signalled a move towards alternative rock. The album was a critical success but received a low-key release and only made number 87 in the UK charts.[101]
Reuniting Bowie with Eno, the quasi-industrial Outside (1995) was originally conceived as the first volume in a non-linear narrative of art and murder. Featuring characters from a short story written by Bowie, the album achieved US and UK chart success, and yielded three top 40 UK singles.[102] In a move that provoked mixed reaction from both fans and critics, Bowie chose Nine Inch Nails as his tour partner for the Outside Tour. Visiting cities in Europe and North America between September 1995 and February the following year, the tour saw the return of Gabrels as Bowie's guitarist.[103]
Bowie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 17 January 1996.[104] Incorporating experiments in British jungle and drum 'n' bass, Earthling (1997) was a critical and commercial success in the UK and the US, and two singles from the album became UK top 40 hits. Bowie's song "I'm Afraid of Americans" from the Paul Verhoeven film Showgirls was re-recorded for the album, and remixed by Trent Reznor for a single release. The heavy rotation of the accompanying video, also featuring Reznor, contributed to the song's 16-week stay in the US Billboard Hot 100. The Earthling Tour took in Europe and North America between June and November 1997.[105] Bowie reunited with Visconti in 1998 to record "(Safe in This) Sky Life" for The Rugrats Movie. Although the track was edited out of the final cut, it would later be re-recorded and released as "Safe" on the B-side of Bowie's 2002 single "Everyone Says 'Hi'".[106] The reunion led to other collaborations including a limited-edition single release version of Placebo's track "Without You I'm Nothing", co-produced by Visconti, with Bowie's harmonised vocal added to the original recording.[107]
1999–present: neoclassicist Bowie[link]
Bowie created the soundtrack for Omikron, a 1999 computer game in which he and Iman also appeared as characters. Released the same year and containing re-recorded tracks from Omikron, his album 'Hours...' featured a song with lyrics by the winner of his "Cyber Song Contest" Internet competition, Alex Grant.[108] Making extensive use of live instruments, the album was Bowie's exit from heavy electronica.[109] Sessions for the planned album Toy, intended to feature new versions of some of Bowie's earliest pieces as well as three new songs, commenced in 2000, but the album was never released. Bowie and Visconti continued their collaboration, producing a new album of completely original songs instead: the result of the sessions was the 2002 album Heathen.[110] Alexandria Zahra Jones, Bowie and Iman's daughter, was born on 15 August.[111]
In October 2001, Bowie opened The Concert for New York City, a charity event to benefit the victims of the September 11 attacks, with a minimalist performance of Simon & Garfunkel's "America", followed by a full band performance of "Heroes".[112] 2002 saw the release of Heathen, and, during the second half of the year, the Heathen Tour. Taking in Europe and North America, the tour opened at London's annual Meltdown festival, for which Bowie was that year appointed artistic director. Among the acts he selected for the festival were Philip Glass, Television and The Polyphonic Spree. As well as songs from the new album, the tour featured material from Bowie's Low era.[113] Reality (2003) followed, and its accompanying world tour, the A Reality Tour, with an estimated attendance of 722,000, grossed more than any other in 2004. Onstage in Oslo, Norway, on 18 June, Bowie was hit in the eye with a lollipop thrown by a fan; a week later he suffered chest pain while performing at the Hurricane Festival in Scheeßel, Germany. Originally thought to be a pinched nerve in his shoulder, the pain was later diagnosed as an acutely blocked artery, requiring an emergency angioplasty in Hamburg. The remaining 14 dates of the tour were cancelled.[114]
Since recuperating from the heart surgery, Bowie has reduced his musical output, making only one-off appearances on stage and in the studio. He sang in a duet of his 1972 song "Changes" with Butterfly Boucher for the 2004 animated film Shrek 2.[115] During a relatively quiet 2005, he recorded the vocals for the song "(She Can) Do That", co-written with Brian Transeau, for the film Stealth.[116] He returned to the stage on 8 September 2005, appearing with Arcade Fire for the US nationally televised event Fashion Rocks, and performed with the Canadian band for the second time a week later during the CMJ Music Marathon.[117] He contributed back-up vocals on TV on the Radio's song "Province" for their album Return to Cookie Mountain,[118] made a commercial with Snoop Dogg for XM Satellite Radio,[119] and joined with Lou Reed on Danish alt-rockers Kashmir's 2005 album No Balance Palace.[120]
Bowie was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award on 8 February 2006.[121] In April, he announced, "I’m taking a year off—no touring, no albums."[122] He made a surprise guest appearance at David Gilmour's 29 May concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London. The event was recorded, and a selection of songs on which he had contributed joint vocals were subsequently released.[123] He performed again in November, alongside Alicia Keys, at the Black Ball, a New York benefit event for Keep a Child Alive,[124] a performance that marks the last time Bowie performed his music on stage.[125]
Bowie was chosen to curate the 2007 High Line Festival, selecting musicians and artists for the Manhattan event,[126] and performed on Scarlett Johansson's 2008 album of Tom Waits covers, Anywhere I Lay My Head.[127] On the 40th anniversary of the July 1969 moon landing—and Bowie's accompanying commercial breakthrough with "Space Oddity"—EMI released the individual tracks from the original eight-track studio recording of the song, in a 2009 contest inviting members of the public to create a remix.[128] A Reality Tour, a double album of live material from the 2003 concert tour, was released in January 2010.[129]
In late March 2011, Toy, Bowie's previously unreleased album from 2001, was leaked onto the internet, containing material used for Heathen and most of its single B-sides, as well as unheard new versions of his early back catalogue.[130][131]
Acting career[link]
Main article: David Bowie filmography
Biographer David Buckley writes, "The essence of Bowie's contribution to popular music can be found in his outstanding ability to analyse and select ideas from outside the mainstream—from art, literature, theatre and film—and to bring them inside, so that the currency of pop is constantly being changed."[132] Buckley says, "Just one person took glam rock to new rarefied heights and invented character-playing in pop, marrying theatre and popular music in one seamless, powerful whole."[133] Bowie's career has also been punctuated by various roles in film and theatre productions, earning him some acclaim as an actor in his own right.
The beginnings of his acting career predate his commercial breakthrough as a musician. Studying avant-garde theatre and mime under Lindsay Kemp, he was given the role of Cloud in Kemp's 1967 theatrical production Pierrot in Turquoise (later made into the 1970 television film The Looking Glass Murders).[134] In the black-and-white short The Image (1969), he played a ghostly boy who emerges from a troubled artist's painting to haunt him.[135] The same year, the film of Leslie Thomas's 1966 comic novel The Virgin Soldiers saw Bowie make a brief appearance as an extra.[135] In 1976 he earned acclaim for his first major film role, portraying Thomas Jerome Newton, an alien from a dying planet, in The Man Who Fell to Earth, directed by Nic Roeg. Just a Gigolo (1979), an Anglo-German co-production directed by David Hemmings, saw Bowie in the lead role as Prussian officer Paul von Przygodski, who, returning from World War I, is discovered by a Baroness (Marlene Dietrich) and put into her Gigolo Stable.
Bowie took the title role in the Broadway theatre production The Elephant Man, earning high praise for an expressive performance. He played the part 157 times between 1980 and 1981.[81] Christiane F. – Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo, a 1981 biographical film focusing on a young girl's drug addiction in West Berlin, featured Bowie in a cameo appearance as himself at a concert in Germany. Its soundtrack album, Christiane F. (1981), featured much material from his Berlin Trilogy albums.[136] Bowie starred in The Hunger (1983), a revisionist vampire film, with Catherine Deneuve and Susan Sarandon. In Nagisa Oshima's film the same year, Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence, based on Laurens van der Post's novel The Seed and the Sower, Bowie played Major Jack Celliers, a prisoner of war in a Japanese internment camp. Bowie had a cameo in Yellowbeard, a 1983 pirate comedy created by Monty Python members, and a small part as Colin, the hitman in the 1985 film Into the Night. He declined to play the villain Max Zorin in the James Bond film A View to a Kill (1985).[137]
Absolute Beginners (1986), a rock musical based on Colin MacInnes's 1959 novel about London life, featured Bowie's music and presented him with a minor acting role. The same year, Jim Henson's dark fantasy Labyrinth found him with the part of Jareth, the king of the goblins.[138] Two years later he played Pontius Pilate in Martin Scorsese's 1988 film The Last Temptation of Christ. Bowie portrayed a disgruntled restaurant employee opposite Rosanna Arquette in The Linguini Incident (1991), and the mysterious FBI agent Phillip Jeffries in David Lynch's Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992). He took a small but pivotal role as Andy Warhol in Basquiat, artist/director Julian Schnabel's 1996 biopic of Jean-Michel Basquiat, and co-starred in Giovanni Veronesi's Spaghetti Western Il Mio West (1998, released as Gunslinger's Revenge in the US in 2005) as the most feared gunfighter in the region.[139] He played the ageing gangster Bernie in Andrew Goth's Everybody Loves Sunshine (1999), and appeared in the TV horror serial of The Hunger. In Mr. Rice's Secret (2000), he played the title role as the neighbour of a terminally ill twelve-year-old, and the following year appeared as himself in Zoolander.
Bowie portrayed physicist Nikola Tesla in the Christopher Nolan film, The Prestige (2006), which was about the bitter rivalry between two magicians in the late 19th century. He voice-acted in the animated film Arthur and the Invisibles as the powerful villain Maltazard, and lent his voice to the character Lord Royal Highness in the SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis television film. In the 2008 film August, directed by Austin Chick, he played a supporting role as Ogilvie, alongside Josh Hartnett and Rip Torn, with whom he had worked in 1976 for The Man Who Fell to Earth.[140][141]
Sexual orientation[link]
Buckley writes, "If Ziggy confused both his creator and his audience, a big part of that confusion centred on the topic of sexuality."[142] Bowie declared himself bisexual in an interview with Michael Watts of Melody Maker in January 1972, a move coinciding with the first shots in his campaign for stardom as Ziggy Stardust.[42] In a September 1976 interview with Playboy, Bowie said: "It's true—I am a bisexual. But I can't deny that I've used that fact very well. I suppose it's the best thing that ever happened to me."[143]
In a 1983 interview with Rolling Stone, Bowie said his public declaration of bisexuality was "the biggest mistake I ever made" and "I was always a closet heterosexual".[144] On other occasions, he said his interest in homosexual and bisexual culture had been more a product of the times and the situation in which he found himself than his own feelings; as described by Buckley, he said he had been driven more by "a compulsion to flout moral codes than a real biological and psychological state of being".[145][146]
Asked in 2002 by Blender whether he still believed his public declaration was the biggest mistake he ever made, he replied:
Interesting. [Long pause] I don’t think it was a mistake in Europe, but it was a lot tougher in America. I had no problem with people knowing I was bisexual. But I had no inclination to hold any banners nor be a representative of any group of people. I knew what I wanted to be, which was a songwriter and a performer, and I felt that bisexuality became my headline over here for so long. America is a very puritanical place, and I think it stood in the way of so much I wanted to do.[147]
Buckley's view of the period is that Bowie, "a taboo-breaker and a dabbler ... mined sexual intrigue for its ability to shock",[148] and that "it is probably true that Bowie was never gay, nor even consistently actively bisexual ... he did, from time to time, experiment, even if only out of a sense of curiosity and a genuine allegiance with the 'transgressional'."[149] Biographer Christopher Sandford says that according to Mary Finnigan, with whom Bowie had an affair in 1969, the singer and his first wife Angie "lived in a fantasy world [...] and they created their bisexual fantasy."[150] Sandford tells how, during the marriage, Bowie "made a positive fetish of repeating the quip that he and his wife had met while 'fucking the same bloke' [...] Gay sex was always an anecdotal and laughing matter. That Bowie's actual tastes swung the other way is clear from even a partial tally of his affairs with women."[150]
Musicianship[link]
From the time of his earliest recordings in the 1960s, Bowie has employed a wide variety of musical styles. His early compositions and performances were strongly influenced by not only rock and rollers like Little Richard and Elvis Presley but also the wider world of show business. He particularly strove to emulate the British musical theatre singer-songwriter and actor Anthony Newley, whose vocal style he frequently adopted, and made prominent use of for his 1967 debut release, David Bowie (to the disgust of Newley himself, who destroyed the copy he received from Bowie's publisher).[19][151] Bowie's music hall fascination continued to surface sporadically alongside such diverse styles as hard rock and heavy metal, soul, psychedelic folk and pop.[152]
Musicologist James Perone observes Bowie's use of octave switches for different repetitions of the same melody, exemplified in his commercial breakthrough single, "Space Oddity", and later in the song "Heroes", to dramatic effect; Perone notes that "in the lowest part of his vocal register [...] his voice has an almost crooner-like richness."[153]
Voice instructor Jo Thompson describes Bowie's vocal vibrato technique as "particularly deliberate and distinctive".[154] Schinder and Schwartz call him "a vocalist of extraordinary technical ability, able to pitch his singing to particular effect."[155] Here, too, as in his stagecraft and songwriting, the singer's chamaeleon-like nature is evident: historiographer Michael Campbell says that Bowie's lyrics "arrest our ear, without question. But Bowie continually shifts from person to person as he delivers them [...] His voice changes dramatically from section to section."[156]
Bowie plays many instruments, among them electric, acoustic, and twelve-string guitar; alto, tenor and baritone saxophone; keyboards including piano, synthesizers and Mellotron; harmonica, Stylophone, xylophone, vibraphone, koto, drums and percussion, and string instruments including viola and cello.[157][158][159][160]
Legacy[link]
Bowie's innovative songs and stagecraft brought a new dimension to popular music in the early 1970s, strongly influencing both its immediate forms and its subsequent development. A pioneer of glam rock, Bowie, according to music historians Schinder and Schwartz, has joint responsibility with Marc Bolan for creating the genre.[161] At the same time, he inspired the innovators of the punk rock music movement—historian Michael Campbell calls him "one of punk's seminal influences". While punk musicians trashed the conventions of pop stardom, Bowie moved on again—into a more abstract style of music making that would in turn become a transforming influence. Biographer David Buckley writes, "At a time when punk rock was noisily reclaiming the three-minute pop song in a show of public defiance, Bowie almost completely abandoned traditional rock instrumentation."[162][163] Bowie's record company sought to convey his unique status in popular music with the slogan, "There is old wave, there is new wave, and there is Bowie..."[164] Musicologist James Perone credits him with having "brought sophistication to rock music", and critical reviews frequently acknowledge the intellectual depth of his work and influence.[161][165][166]
Buckley writes that, in an early 1970s pop world that was "Bloated, self-important, leather-clad, self-satisfied, ... Bowie challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day." As described by John Peel, "The one distinguishing feature about early-70s progressive rock was that it didn't progress. Before Bowie came along, people didn't want too much change." Buckley says that Bowie "subverted the whole notion of what it was to be a rock star", with the result that "After Bowie there has been no other pop icon of his stature, because the pop world that produces these rock gods doesn't exist any more. ... The fierce partisanship of the cult of Bowie was also unique—its influence lasted longer and has been more creative than perhaps almost any other force within pop fandom." Buckley concludes that "Bowie is both star and icon. The vast body of work he has produced ... has created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture. ... His influence has been unique in popular culture—he has permeated and altered more lives than any comparable figure."[2]
Bowie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.[104] Through perpetual reinvention, he has seen his influence continue to broaden and extend: music reviewer Brad Filicky writes that over the decades, "Bowie has become known as a musical chameleon, changing and dictating trends as much as he has altered his style to fit, influencing fashion and pop culture."[167] Biographer Thomas Forget adds, "Because he has succeeded in so many different styles of music, it is almost impossible to find a popular artist today that has not been influenced by David Bowie."[168]
Personal life[link]
Bowie married Mary Angela Barnett (also known as Angie Bowie) on 19 March 1970 at Bromley Register Office in Beckenham Lane, Kent. They had a son together, Zowie Bowie (also known as Duncan Jones, film director), and divorced on 8 February 1980 in Switzerland.
The 1971 song "Kooks" on the album Hunky Dory was written for his newborn son.
In 1992 Bowie married Somali-American model Iman. They have one daughter, Alexandria Zahra Jones, born 15 August 2000.[169] The couple resides primarily in Manhattan and London.[170]
Regarding his compositions, in 2005 he said "Questioning my spiritual life has always been germane to what I was writing. Always." because he is "not quite an atheist and it bothers me."[171]
Awards and recognition[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by David Bowie
Bowie's 1969 commercial breakthrough, the song "Space Oddity", won him an Ivor Novello Special Award For Originality.[172] For his performance in the 1976 science fiction film The Man Who Fell to Earth, he won a Saturn Award for Best Actor.[173] In the ensuing decades he has been honoured with numerous awards for his music and its accompanying videos, receiving, among others, two Grammy Awards[174][175] and two BRIT Awards.[176]
In 1999, Bowie was made a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government.[177] He received an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music the same year.[178] He declined the royal honour of Commander of the British Empire in 2000, and turned down a knighthood in 2003,[179] stating: "I would never have any intention of accepting anything like that. I seriously don't know what it's for. It's not what I spent my life working for."[180]
Throughout his career he has sold an estimated 250 million albums.[181] In the United Kingdom, he has been awarded 9 Platinum, 11 Gold and 8 Silver albums, and in the United States, 5 Platinum and 7 Gold.[182][183] In the BBC's 2002 poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, he was ranked 29.[181] In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him 39th on their list of the 100 Greatest Rock Artists of All Time[184] and the 23rd best singer of all time.[185] Bowie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 17 January 1996.[104]
Discography[link]
Main article: David Bowie discography
|
|
Filmography[link]
As Actor[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1967 | The Image | The Boy | short film |
| 1969 | The Virgin Soldiers | Soldier | (extra) |
| 1970 | Pierrot in Turquoise or The Looking Glass Murders | Cloud | television film |
| 1976 | The Man Who Fell to Earth | Thomas Jerome Newton | Saturn Award for Best Actor |
| 1978 | Just a Gigolo | Paul Ambrosius von Przygodski | |
| 1981 | Christiane F. (Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo) | Himself | cameo |
| 1982 | The Snowman | Narrator | re-released version |
| Baal | Baal | television film | |
| 1983 | Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence | Maj. Jack 'Strafer' Celliers | |
| The Hunger | John | ||
| Yellowbeard | The Shark | cameo (uncredited) | |
| 1985 | Into the Night | Colin Morris | cameo |
| 1986 | Labyrinth | Jareth the Goblin King | |
| Absolute Beginners | Vendice Partners | ||
| 1988 | The Last Temptation of Christ | Pontius Pilate | cameo |
| 1991 | The Linguini Incident | Monte | |
| 1991 | Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me | Phillip Jeffries | cameo |
| 1996 | Basquiat | Andy Warhol | |
| 1998 | Gunslinger's Revenge (Il mio West) | Jack Sikora | |
| 1999 | Everybody Loves Sunshine | Bernie | |
| 2000 | Mr. Rice's Secret | William Rice | |
| 2001 | Zoolander | Himself | cameo (nominated for MTV Movie Award) |
| 2006 | The Prestige | Nikola Tesla | |
| 2007 | Arthur and the Invisibles | Emperor Maltazard | voice: English version |
| 2008 | August | Cyrus Ogilvie | cameo |
| 2008 | Spongebob Squarepants | L.R.H | guest voice |
| 2009 | Bandslam | Himself | cameo |
As Musician[link]
- Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars: The Motion Picture (1983) (VHS, DVD in 2003)
- Love You Till Tuesday (1984) (VHS, DVD in 2005)
- Serious Moonlight (1984) (VHS, unofficial DVD in 1999, official DVD in 2006)
- Glass Spider (1988) (VHS, unofficial DVD as Glass Spider Tour in 2001, official DVD in 2007)
- Bowie – The Video Collection (1993) (VHS)
- Black Tie White Noise (1993) (VHS, DVD in 2005)
- Best of Bowie (2002) (DVD)
- A Reality Tour (2004) (DVD)
As Producer[link]
- Büvös vadász (1994) (... aka Magic Hunter)
- Passaggio per il paradiso (1998) (... aka Gentle Into the Night, ... aka Passage to Paradise)
- Scott Walker: 30 Century Man (2006)
Documentaries[link]
- Love You Till Tuesday (1969) (as the subject, short)
- Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1973) (as the subject, documentary/concert film)
- Cracked Actor (1974) (as the subject, BBC)
- Group Madness (1983)
- Cool Cats: Twenty-Five Years of Rock 'N' Roll Style (1983)
- Queen: The Magic Years (1987)
- Imagine: John Lennon (1988)
- Superstar: The Life and Times of Andy Warhol (1990)
- Travelling Light (1992)
- Inspirations (1997)
- Lou Reed: Rock and Roll Heart (1998)
- Mayor of the Sunset Strip (2003)
See also[link]
 |
Book: David Bowie |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Best selling music artists
- Bowie Bonds
- Bowie (Flight of the Conchords)
- List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (US)
- List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart
- List of David Bowie tours
- List of number-one hits (United States)
- List of Number 1 Dance Hits (United States)
- List of people who have declined a British honour
Notes[link]
- ^ "How to say: Bowie". bbc.co.uk. 8 January 2008. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/magazinemonitor/2007/01/how_to_say_bowie.shtml. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ a b c d Buckley (2005): pp. 516–17, 524, 529
- ^ "From Morrissey to Tony Blair: How Irelands children are at the heart of English culture". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/from-morrissey-to-tony-blair-how-irelands-children-are-at-the-heart-of-english-culture-445584.html. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
- ^ Hume, John et al (2008). Britain & Ireland: Lives Entwined III. British Council. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-86355-612-8.
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 9–16
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 18–19
- ^ Buckley (2000): p. 21.
- ^ a b c Sandford (1997): pp. 19–20
- ^ Doggett, Peter (January 2007). "Teenage Wildlife". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 8–9.
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 21–22
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 25
- ^ Buckley (2005): p.19
- ^ Evans, Mike (2006). Rock 'n' Roll's Strangest Moments: Extraordinary Tales from Over Fifty Years. Anova Books. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-86105-923-9.
- ^ Heterochromia Central - What Is Central Heterochromia?
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 28
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 29–30
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 35–39
- ^ Buckley (2000): p. 33
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 41–42
- ^ a b Buckley (2005): pp. 41–42
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 46
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 49–52
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 49–50
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 53
- ^ McKay, George (1996). Senseless Acts of Beauty: Cultures of Resistance. Verso. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-85984-908-8.
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 60
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 54–60
- ^ a b c Sandford (1997): pp. 62–63
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 89–90
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 67
- ^ a b c Sandford (1997): pp. 73–74
- ^ Pegg (2000): pp. 260–65
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 95–99
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 80
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 85–86
- ^ a b Buckley (2005): pp. 135–36
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 93–95
- ^ Buckley (2000): p. 156
- ^ Pegg (2004): pp. 281–83
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 108
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 106–7
- ^ a b Carr & Murray (1981): p. 7
- ^ Carr & Murray (1981): p. 116
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 163
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 115
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 3
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 180–83
- ^ a b Buckley (2005): pp. 204–5
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 128
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 138
- ^ Carr & Murray (1981): pp. 68–74
- ^ Buckley, 2003, p.130.
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 146
- ^ Roberts, David (ed.) (2001). Guinness World Records: British Hit Singles. Guinness World Records Ltd. p. 120. ISBN 0-85156-156-X.
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 135–36
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 137, 153
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 238
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 244
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 158
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 289–91.
- ^ Paytress, Mark (January 2007). "The Controversial Homecoming". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 64.
- ^ Carr & Murray (1981): p. 11.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 252
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 154–55
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 149
- ^ Needs, Kris (January 2007). "The Passenger". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 65.
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 166–68
- ^ Perone (2007): p. 175
- ^ Thomson (1993): p. xiii
- ^ Pegg (2000): pp. 90–92
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 181–82
- ^ Bronson, Fred (1990). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits. Billboard Books. p. 572. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 293
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 189
- ^ Carr & Murray (1981): pp. 102–7
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 281
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 191–92
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 197
- ^ Pegg (2000): p. 29
- ^ Carr & Murray (1981): pp. 108–14
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 205–7
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 208, 211–12
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 335–55
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 165–66
- ^ McNair, James (January 2007). "Tumble & Twirl". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 101.
- ^ Fyfe, Andy (January 2007). "Too Dizzy". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 88–91.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 387
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 274
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 275
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 273
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 394
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 278–79
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 278
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 280–86
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 289
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 292
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 294–95
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 298–99
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 413–14
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 301–8
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 494–95, 623
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 623–24
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 512–13
- ^ a b c "David Bowie: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction". rockhall.com. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://rockhall.com/inductees/david-bowie. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 533–34
- ^ Thompson (2006): p. 203
- ^ Thompson (2006): pp. 203, 212
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 466
- ^ Perone (2007): p. 125
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 488–89
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 485
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 491
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 493–95
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 504–5
- ^ Buckley (2004): p. 16
- ^ Perone (2007): p. 142
- ^ Thompson (2006): pp. 291–92
- ^ "Space Is the Place: Innovative Brooklyn rockers blast off to the future". Spin (Spin Media LLC): 1. June 2006.
- ^ Lamb, Charles W.; Hair, Joseph F.; McDaniel, Carl (2007). Marketing. South-Western College Pub. p. 472. ISBN 978-0-324-36208-4.
- ^ Stone, Andrew (2008). Denmark. Lonely Planet. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-74104-669-4.
- ^ Thompson (2006): p. 293
- ^ Yuan, Jada (1 May 2006). "David Bowie Takes Time Off, Sneaks Into Movies". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/16865/. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ Gulla, Bob (2008). Guitar Gods: The 25 Players Who Made Rock History. Greenwood. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-313-35806-7.
- ^ Mitchell, Gail (November 2009). "The Elements of Style". Billboard (Billboard.com): 22.
- ^ Gilmore, Mikal (2 February 2012), "How Ziggy Stardust Fell to Earth", Rolling Stone magazine (1149): 36–43,68
- ^ Schinder & Schwartz (2007): p. 500
- ^ Marchese, David (May 2008). "The Inquisition: Scarlett Johansson". Spin (Spin Media LLC): 40.
- ^ "David Bowie to release "Space Oddity" multi-tracks to celebrate moon landing". NME News. 6 July 2009. http://www.nme.com/news/david-bowie/45872. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
- ^ Diver, Mike (5 February 2010). "David Bowie A Reality Tour Review". bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/5gwx. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
- ^ Perpetua, Matthew (22 March 2011). "Unreleased David Bowie LP 'Toy' Leaks Online". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/unreleased-david-bowie-lp-toy-leaks-online-20110322. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
- ^ Michaels, Sean (23 March 2011). "David Bowie's unreleased album Toy leaks online". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/mar/23/david-bowie-toy-album-leak. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 526
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 2
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 43
- ^ a b Buckley (2005): p. 49
- ^ Sandford (1997); p. 208
- ^ Pegg (2004) p. 561.
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 252–53
- ^ Thompson (2006): p. 195
- ^ "August". imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0470679. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ "The Man Who Fell to Earth". imdb.com. http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0074851/fullcredits. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 140
- ^ "Interview: David Bowie". Playboy. September 1976. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100801045250/http://www.playboy.com/articles/david-bowie-interview/index.html?page=2. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ "David Bowie Calls Himself 'A Closet Heterosexual'". orlandosentinel.com (Orlando Sentinel). 30 May 1993. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-05-30/news/9305300344_1_david-bowie-mick-jagger-ziggy. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Buckley (2000): p. 401
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 106
- ^ Collis, Clark (August 2002). "Dear Superstar: David Bowie". blender.com (Alpha Media Group Inc). http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?id=366. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 141
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 147
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 48
- ^ Perone (2007): p. 4
- ^ Perone (2007): pp. 22, 36–37
- ^ Perone (2007) p. 12
- ^ Thompson, Jo (2004). Find Your Voice: A Self-Help Manual for Singers. Artemis Editions. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-634-07435-6.
- ^ Schinder & Schwartz (2007): p. 483
- ^ Campbell (2008): p. 254
- ^ Thompson (2006): p. 346
- ^ Hopkins, Jerry (1985). Bowie. MacMillan. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-02-553730-9.
- ^ Perone (2007): pp. 17–44, 152–60
- ^ Buckley (2004): p. 48
- ^ a b Schinder & Schwartz (2007): p. 482
- ^ Campbell (2008) p. 304
- ^ Buckley (2004): p. 45
- ^ Thomson (1993): p. 217
- ^ Perone (2007): p. 183
- ^ Paytress, Mark (2003). Bolan: The Rise and Fall of a 20th Century Superstar. Omnibus Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-7119-9293-1.
- ^ Filicky, Brad (10 June 2002). "Reviews; David Bowie: Heathen". CMJ New Music Report (CMJ) 71 (766): 13.
- ^ Forget, Thomas (2002). David Bowie (Rock & Roll Hall of Famers). Rosen Publishing Group. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8239-3523-9.
- ^ FIRST LOOK: The News in Brief, August 15, 2000. Ca.eonline.com (2000-08-15). Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
- ^ Iman. Fashion Model Directory. Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
- ^ Anthony DeCurtis (5 May 2005). In Other Words: Artists Talk About Life And Work. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 262–263. ISBN 978-0-634-06655-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=8Rr53q4VxuoC&pg=PA262. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ^ "Ivor Novello Awards". buckmusicgroup.com. Bucks Music Group. http://www.bucksmusicgroup.com/about/Ivor_Novello_Awards.html. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ "Past Award Winners". saturnawards.org. The Academy of Science Fiction Fantasy & Horror Films. http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
- ^ "Grammy Award Winners". Grammy.com. National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, Inc. http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=David%20Bowie&year=0&genreID=0&hp=1. Retrieved 16 September 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Lifetime Achievement Award: Past Recipients". Grammy.com. National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, Inc. Archived from the original on 26 August 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100826002047/http://www2.grammy.com/Recording%5FAcademy/Awards/Lifetime%5FAwards/. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ "David Bowie". brits.co.uk. Brit Awards Ltd. http://www.brits.co.uk/artist/david-bowie. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
- ^ Lichfield, John (8 May 2009). "The Big Question: How does the French honours system work, and why has Kylie been decorated?". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-big-question-how-does-the-french-honours-system-work-and-why-has-kylie-been-decorated-822752.html. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
- ^ "ChChChChanges". berklee.edu. Berklee College of Music. http://www.berklee.edu/news/1999/grad99.html. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
- ^ Thompson, Jody (8 January 2007). "Sixty things about David Bowie". (No. 35): BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6230201.stm. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
- ^ Mohan, Dominic (12 September 2003). "Exclusive: Bowie refuses knighthood". The Sun. http://www.bowiewonderworld.com/press/00/030912thesun.htm. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
- ^ a b Todd, Ben (27 November 2009). "David Bowie asked to play at Glastonbury for third time to mark 40th anniversary". The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1231539/David-Bowie-asked-play-Glastonbury-time-mark-40th-anniversary.html. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
- ^ "Gold and Platinum: Search Results". riaa.com. Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=David%20Bowie&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ "Certified Awards Search". bpi.co.uk. British Phonographic Industry. http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ "The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time". Rolling Stone. 15 April 2004. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ "The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/6027/32782/33036. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
References[link]
- Buckley, David (2000) [First published 1999]. Strange Fascination — David Bowie: The Definitive Story. London: Virgin. ISBN 0-7535-0457-X.
- Buckley, David (2004). David Bowie: The Complete Guide To His Music. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84449-423-1.
- Buckley, David (2005) [First published 1999]. Strange Fascination — David Bowie: The Definitive Story. London: Virgin. ISBN 978-0-7535-1002-5.
- Buckley, Peter (2003). The rough guide to rock. Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-105-4.
- Campbell, Michael (2008). Popular Music in America: And The Beat Goes On. Schirmer. ISBN 978-0-495-50530-3.
- Carr, Roy; Murray, Charles Shaar (1981). Bowie: An Illustrated Record. New York: Avon. ISBN 0-380-77966-8.
- Cole, Shaun (2000). 'Don we now our gay apparel': gay men's dress in the twentieth century. London: Berg. ISBN 1-85973-415-4.
- Ditmore, Melissa Hope (2006). Encyclopedia of prostitution and sex work, Volume 2. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32970-2.
- Pegg, Nicholas (2004) [First published 2000]. The Complete David Bowie. London: Reynolds & Hearn. ISBN 1-903111-73-0.
- Perone, James E. (2007). The Words and Music of David Bowie. Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-99245-3.
- Sandford, Christopher (1997) [First published 1996]. Bowie: Loving the Alien. Time Warner. ISBN 0-306-80854-4.
- Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy (2007). Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33845-8.
- Thomson, Elizabeth (1993). The Bowie Companion. Macmillan. ISBN 0-283-06262-2.
- Thompson, Dave (2006). Hallo Spaceboy: The Rebirth of David Bowie. Ecw Press. ISBN 978-1-55022-733-8.
Further reading[link]
- Trynka Paul, Starman: David Bowie – The Definitive Biography, Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 2011
- Cann, David, Any Day Now: David Bowie the London Years 1947–1974, Kenneth Pitt in Books, 2011
- Jacke, Andreas, David Bowie – Station To Station, Psychosozial- Verlag, 2011
- Seabrook, Thomas Jerome, Bowie in Berlin: A New Career in a New Town, Jawbone Press, 2008.
- Spitz, Marc, Bowie: A Biography, Crown Publishers, 2009.
- Tremlett, George, David Bowie: Living on the Brink, Carroll and Graf, 1997.
- Waldrep, Shelton, "Phenomenology of Performance", The Aesthetics of Self-Invention: Oscar Wilde to David Bowie, University of Minnesota Press, 2004.
- Welch, Chris, David Bowie: We Could Be Heroes: The Stories Behind Every David Bowie Song, Da Capo Press, 1999.
- Wilcken, Hugo, 33⅓: David Bowie's Low, Continuum, 2005.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: David Bowie |
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: David Bowie |
- Official website
- Official Myspace page
- Official YouTube channel
- Documentary Film - David Bowie: Sound and Vision
- Bowieart – paintings, printmakings, etc.
- Works by or about David Bowie in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bowie, David |
| Alternative names | David Robert Jones |
| Short description | English singer, songwriter, musician |
| Date of birth | 8 January 1947 |
| Place of birth | London, England, UK |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bowie
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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"Katy Hudson" redirects here. For the album, see Katy Hudson (album). For the Australian fashion designer, see Katie Perry.
| Katy Perry | |
|---|---|
 Katy Perry at the Logie Awards in 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson |
| Also known as | Katy Hudson |
| Born | (1984-10-25) October 25, 1984 (age 27) Santa Barbara, California, U.S. |
| Genres | Pop, rock, dance, gospel |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, actress |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano |
| Years active | 2001–present |
| Labels | Red Hill, Island, Columbia, Capitol |
| Associated acts | The Matrix |
| Website | Katyperry.com |
Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson[1] (born October 25, 1984), known by her stage name Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Perry grew up with gospel music, and during her first year of high school she pursued a music career as Katy Hudson, releasing her first studio album called Katy Hudson which failed to chart. She recorded a solo album later, which was never released. After signing with Capitol Music Group in 2007, her fourth record label in seven years, she adopted the stage name Katy Perry.
She first gained recognition with the release of her first mainstream album, One of the Boys in 2008, which spawned three Billboard Hot 100 top-ten songs—"I Kissed A Girl", "Hot n Cold" and "Waking Up In Vegas". Perry supported the album with her Hello Katy Tour. In 2010, her third studio album, Teenage Dream (2010), which topped the Billboard 200 chart, and spawned five number one singles—"California Gurls", "Teenage Dream", "Firework", "E.T." and "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"—Teenage Dream was the only album (after Michael Jackson's Bad)—to do so, and the first female in history to achieve this milestone. She embarked on the California Dreams Tour, which grossed nearly $60 million worldwide.[2] Perry re-released the album under the name of Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection on March 26, 2012, and the re-release has already spawned the number-one single "Part of Me".
Perry is the only artist to spend over 52 consecutive weeks in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100, and has since heightened this to 69 weeks.[3] As of 2012, Perry has been nominated for eight Grammy Awards. She was named 2011's "Artist of the Year" by MTV.[4] She has sold 37.6 million digital tracks in the United States and 11 million albums worldwide.[5] Perry was a guest judge on the seventh series of The X Factor UK and the ninth season of American Idol. She has released fragrances "Purr" and "Meow". She ventured into film, voicing Smurfette in the 2011 film The Smurfs. Perry was married to British comedian Russell Brand from 2010 to 2012.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Perry was born Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson in Santa Barbara, California[6] to Keith, a West Coast scenester in the 1960s,[7] and Mary Hudson (née Perry), an evangelist who grew up in Southern California and had a "tempestuous" first marriage in Zimbabwe.[7] Perry has Portuguese, German, Irish, and English ancestry.[8][9][10] She is the second child of two pastors.[11] She has an older sister named Angela Hudson and younger brother named David Hudson.[12] Perry's mother's aunt and uncle were screenwriter Eleanor Perry and director Frank Perry.[7] Perry was incorporated into her parents' ministry[11] and sang in their church between the ages of 9 and 17.[13] She grew up listening to gospel music,[14] was not allowed to listen to what her mother called "secular music",[13][15] and attended Christian schools and camps.[11] As a child, Perry learned how to dance in a recreation building in Santa Barbara. She was taught by seasoned dancers and began with swing, Lindy Hop, and jitterbug.[16] She took her GED after her first year at Dos Pueblos High School and decided to leave school in the pursuit of a career in music.[17] Perry initially started singing "because [she] was at that point in [her] childhood where [she] was copycatting [her] sister and everything she [would do]."[17] Her sister practiced with cassette tapes, while Perry took the tapes herself when her sister was not around. She rehearsed the songs and performed them in front of her parents, who suggested she take vocal coaching. She grabbed the opportunity and began taking lessons at the age of nine and continued until she was sixteen. She later enrolled in at the Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara, and studied Italian opera for a short period of time.[17]
Career[link]
1999–2006: Career beginnings[link]
When Perry was 15, her singing in church attracted the attention of rock veterans from Nashville, Tennessee, who brought her there to polish her writing skills.[18] In Nashville, Perry started recording demos and was taught by country music veterans how to craft songs and play guitar.[13][15] Perry signed to the Christian music label Red Hill, under which she recorded her first album at the age of 15.[19] Performing as Katy Hudson, she released a self-titled gospel rock album in 2001.[18] She supported this album with The Strangely Normal Tour, accompanied by Phil Joel, LaRue, Luna Halo, Earthsuit and V*Enna.[20] The album was unsuccessful as the label ceased operations at the end of 2001.[19] She later changed her surname to Perry, her mother's maiden name, because "Katy Hudson" was too close to film actress Kate Hudson.[18][21]
At the age of 17, Perry left her home for Los Angeles, where she worked with Glen Ballard on an album for Island Records.[22] Growing up listening to mostly gospel music, Perry had few references when she began recording songs.[13] Asked by the producer with whom she would like to collaborate, Perry had no idea. That night, she went with her mother to a hotel. Inside, she turned on VH1 and saw producer Glen Ballard talking about Alanis Morissette;[13] Ballard produced Morissette's Jagged Little Pill, which had a "huge influence" on Perry.[18] She expressed interest in working with Ballard to her initial collaborator, who arranged a meeting for her with Ballard in Los Angeles. Perry presented one of her songs to Ballard. Ballard then helped Perry develop her songwriting over the next few years.[13] The album was due for release in 2005,[18][19] but Billboard reported it also went nowhere.[19] Perry was dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group.[7] Some of Perry and Ballard's collaborations included "Box", "Diamonds" and "Long Shot", were posted on her official MySpace page. "Simple", one of the songs she recorded with Ballard, was released on the soundtrack to the 2005 film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants.[23][24] "Long Shot" and "I Do Not Hook Up" was later recorded by Kelly Clarkson for her 2009 album All I Ever Wanted.[25]
Perry signed to Columbia Records in 2004. However, the label was not amenable with her vision, not putting her in the "driver's seat".[19] Instead, one of Columbia's ideas was to pair Perry with the record production team The Matrix, who was working on an album, to serve as its female vocalist. Although the album was later shelved,[26] she caught the attention of the music press: Her burgeoning music career led to her being named "The Next Big Thing" in October 2004 by Blender magazine.[19] With no album project ongoing, Perry began recording her own. Eighty percent completed, however, Columbia decided not to finish it and dropped her from the label.[19] While waiting to find another label, she worked in an independent A&R company called Taxi Music. In 2006, Perry was featured in the tail-end of the video to P.O.D.'s single "Goodbye for Now".[27] She made a cameo appearance in Carbon Leaf's video, "Learn to Fly".
[edit] 2007–09: Commercial success with One of the Boys and MTV Unplugged
Main articles: One of the Boys (Katy Perry album) and MTV Unplugged (Katy Perry album)
While in the process of being dropped by Columbia in 2006, the company's publicity executive Angelica Cob-Baehler enthusiastically recommended Perry to Virgin Records chairman Jason Flom.[28] At the time Flom was leading a complete revival in fortunes at the label and looking to crown recent achievements by breaking a global pop act.[28] Despite mixed reactions from fellow Virgin executives, Flom became convinced that Perry could be that breakthrough star, and at the start of 2007 extended discussions with Columbia resulted in Perry signing to the newly created Capitol Music Group, a merger between Virgin and Capitol. As part of the deal, the label secured the masters to the unfinished album, recorded while at Columbia, that would go on to form a significant part of her official mainstream debut album, One of the Boys.[28]
The Columbia recordings were seen by Flom as being "very strong but lacking an undeniable smash or two that would work both at U.S. pop radio and internationally" and so one of the executive's first actions after completing the signing was to set up a collaboration between Perry and the writer-producer Dr. Luke.[28] The results were the songs "I Kissed a Girl" and "Hot n Cold". Establishing her image was one of the immediate concerns of her management.[19] A campaign was started in November 2007 with the release of the video to "Ur So Gay", aimed at introducing her to the music market. A digital EP led by "Ur So Gay" was later released to create online buzz and press story.[11][19][29] This was a successful move that resulted in bringing Perry to the attention of Madonna,[19] who mentioned her on KISS FM and KRQ's JohnJay & Rich morning show in Arizona. On March 10, 2008, she appeared as herself on the ABC Family television series, Wildfire, on the episode "Life's Too Short".[30]
.jpg)
In the next step of promoting the album, Perry undertook a two-month tour of radio stations. The album's official lead single, "I Kissed a Girl", was released on May 6, 2008. Perry's A&R, Chris Anokute, told HitQuarters the song and its controversial theme had met with strong resistance at the label: "People said, 'This is never going to get played on the radio. How do we sell this? How’s this going to be played in the bible belt?'"[29] Anokute said that they needed the support of one of the label's radio promoters to convince people to believe in the record; otherwise, Perry would have likely been dropped again. Capitol's SVP of Promotions, Dennis Reese, saw the vision and helped push the single on national radio. The first station to pick it up and take a chance was The River in Nashville. After playing it for three days they were innundated with enthusiastic calls.[29] With the song climbing atop the charts, Perry embarked on the annual Warped Tour music festival, which her management used to "establish her as a credible performer and make sure she wasn't seen as just a one-hit wonder."[19] The single was a commercial success, peaking at number one for seven weeks on the Billboard Hot 100.[19] It has since become a major worldwide hit, topping charts in 30 countries,[26] including Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom.[31] On June 12, 2008, Perry appeared as herself on the daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless,[30] posing for the cover to the June 2008 issue of the fictional magazine Restless Style.[32] Perry also performed backing vocals on the song, "Another Night in the Hills" from Gavin Rossdale's 2008 solo album Wanderlust.[33]
One of the Boys was released on June 17, 2008, to mixed critical reviews.[34] The album has reached number nine on the Billboard 200,[35] and has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.[36] Perry released her second single, "Hot n Cold", which became her second top three single in dozens of countries around the world, including the United States where it reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100,[19] as well as topping the charts in Germany, Canada, and Denmark. After Perry wrapped up her appearance at the Warped Tour, she went on tours in Europe. She later launched her first headlining tour, the Hello Katy Tour, in January 2009.[19] "I Kissed a Girl" earned Perry a nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 2009 Grammy Awards.[37] Perry was nominated in five categories at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards, including Best New Artist and Best Female Video, but lost to Britney Spears.[38] She won Best New Act at the 2008 MTV Europe Music Awards, which she co-hosted,[39] and Best International Female Artist at the 2009 BRIT Awards.[40] On February 9, 2009, both "I Kissed a Girl" and "Hot n Cold" were certified three-time platinum by Recording Industry Association of America for individual digital sales of over three million.[41] The Guinness Book of World Records recognized Perry in its 2010 version as the "Best Start on the US Digital Chart by a Female Artist," for having her first two singles sell over two million digital copies.[42]
The Matrix's self-titled debut album, which features Perry, was later released via the team's label, Let's Hear It, during Perry's solo tour. When the release date was scheduled, "I Kissed a Girl" had been charting well. Matrix member Lauren Christy spoke to Perry about the decision, but she wanted to hold the release until the fourth single of One of the Boys had been dispatched. Despite their communication, The Matrix was released on January 27, 2009, via iTunes Store.[43]
In December 2008, Perry apologized to British singer Lily Allen for remarks in which she called herself a "skinnier version" of her, saying she meant it as a joke.[44] Allen retaliated and told a British radio station that she "happen[ed] to know for a fact that she [Perry] was an American version" of her because their record company needed "to find something controversial and 'kooky'" like her.[45] In January 2009, Perry embarked on her first headlining world tour, the Hello Katy Tour, visiting North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Beginning on January 23, 2009, and ending on November 28, 2009, the tour consisted of 89 concerts. During that time, Perry also opened select concerts for the band No Doubt, on their Summer Tour 2009.
On May 16, 2009, Perry performed at the opening ceremony of the annual Life Ball in Vienna, Austria.[46] In June 2009, lawyers acting for Perry opposed the then-recent trademark of Australian fashion designer Katie Perry, who uses her own name to market loungewear.[47] Some media outlets reported this as a lawsuit, which Perry denied on her blog.[48] Katie Perry reported on her blog that at a hearing with IP Australia on July 10, 2009, the singer's lawyers withdrew their opposition to the trademark.[49] During the summer of 2009 Perry filmed a cameo appearance for Get Him to the Greek; her scene, in which she kisses her future fiancé Russell Brand was cut, and does not appear in the final film. Discussing the issue with MTV, Perry hypothesized there may have been some fear that seeing the two make out would have taken viewers out of the experience.[50] In 2009, Perry was featured on two singles: in August, a remix of Colorado-based band 3OH!3's song "Starstrukk" (the idea for the collaboration having come after Perry's tour that featured 3OH!3 as the supporting act, the song being released by iTunes on September 8, 2009); and, thereafter, in December, on "If We Ever Meet Again", the fourth single from Timbaland's album Shock Value II.[51] In October 2009, MTV Unplugged revealed that Perry was one of the artists to perform for them, and that she would be releasing a live album of the performance, including two new tracks, "Brick by Brick" and Fountains of Wayne cover "Hackensack".[52] The album, released on November 17, included both a CD and a DVD,[53] and debuted at No. 168 on the US Billboard 200 chart.
[edit] 2010–present: Teenage Dream, film debut and The Complete Confection
Main article: Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album)
Perry appeared as a guest judge alongside Simon Cowell, Cheryl Cole and Louis Walsh during the Dublin audition stage of the seventh series of the British television show The X Factor on June 28, 2010.[54] She was one of the many celebrities chosen to fulfil the role of judge whilst Dannii Minogue was on maternity leave. In May 2010, Perry released the first single from her second studio album, Teenage Dream entitled, "California Gurls". The single peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for six consecutive weeks.[55][56] "Teenage Dream" was released as the second single from her album, and it also topped the Billboard Hot 100, becoming her third number one and second from the album. Teenage Dream was released August 24, 2010 and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart with sales of 192,000 copies in its first week.[57] The album as since sold over 2 million copies in the US, being certified Platinum by the RIAA. Following the album's release, the third single "Firework" was released and became the third consecutive single from Teenage Dream to top the Hot 100. With this, Perry became the first female in eleven years to have three consecutive number-ones from one album.[58] In February 2011, Perry released the fourth single, "E.T.", a remixed version featuring Kanye West, that peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for five non-consecutive weeks.[59] The music video for "E.T." was directed by Floria Sigismondi and features Shaun Ross as the main love interest. With "E.T." at number one on the chart of May 12, 2011, Perry became the first artist to spend 52 consecutive weeks in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100.[3] In June 2011, Perry released the fifth single, "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)". A remixed version featuring American rapper Missy Elliot was released in early August.[60] The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 on August 17, 2011, making Perry the first female and second artist (tied with Michael Jackson) ever to have five No. 1 singles from one album. Also, when the song reached number 1 in the Pop Songs airplay chart, "Teenage Dream" became the first album to have 5 number 1's from the same album on that chart. Additionally, when the song reached number one in the Adult Pop Songs airplay chart, the album become the first to have 4 number 1's from the same album on the chart.[61] In October 2011, Perry released the sixth single, "The One That Got Away". It reached No. 3 on Hot 100, becoming the third album in history to produce six top five hit singles,[62] and the seventh song from Teenage Dream to reach the top of the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs, the most by any album and setting a new record in the chart.[63] Perry released a "The One That Got Away" remix featuring American rapper B.o.B. in December 2011. An acoustic version of the song was released in January 2012.[64]
From February 2011 to January 2012, Perry embarked on an extensive world tour in support of Teenage Dream, the California Dreams Tour, playing 124 shows in Europe, Australasia, Asia, North America and South America and earning over $59 million.[2] Perry made her perfume debut, releasing a fragrance named "Purr" in November. It is packaged in a cat-shaped bottle, and is available through Nordstrom stores.[65][66] She followed it up with the fragrance's first flanker, "Meow".[67][68]
In July 2011, Perry made her film debut in the 3D family film The Smurfs as Smurfette. The Smurfs earned $557,771,535 worldwide during its theatrical run. Perry appeared at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards on August 28, 2011. She was nominated for ten awards, received the most nominations of the ceremony and was the first singer to have four different music videos shown in various categories, eventually winning three of those, Video of the Year for "Firework", Best Collaboration and Best Special Effects for "E.T.". On September 17, 2011, marked Perry' 69th consecutive week in the Top 10 with single "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)".[69][70] On September 23, 2011, she performed, along with Elton John, Brazilian Claudia Leitte and friend Rihanna, on the opening day of the 2011 Rock in Rio festival, which was extended to October 2.[71] Perry performed for 100 thousand people, a show that received high praise from critics and audience alike.[72]
On December 14, 2011, the annual list Forbes was elected the third singer who earned more than US$44 million, behind Lady Gaga (US$90 million) and Taylor Swift (US$45 million).[73] On December 15, 2011, Perry was elected the Artist of the Year by MTV, for their performance on the charts worldwide and won the record during the year.[4] On December 20, 2011, She released a Barbie doll that represents her style in 2012.[74] On January 8, 2012, Perry was named the sixth best-selling digital artist of all time in the United States, having sold 37,620,00 million singles and albums as of 2011, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[75]
In the week ending January 15, 2012, Perry became the first artist ever to have five songs sell over 5 million digital copies in the USA.[76] Perry was once again recruited by EA Games to promote their new expansion pack The Sims 3: Showtime for their The Sims game franchise. The game content was based on Perry.[77] Perry became the first person to have six songs top the Billboard Adult Pop Songs chart.[78] In March 27, 2012, she re-released Teenage Dream under the title Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection on March 27, 2012. The lead single from the re-release (and seventh single from the Teenage Dream era overall) was "Part of Me", which released in February, debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[79] Perry has announced that she will release a part-biopic, part-concert film to be shown in 3D titled Katy Perry: Part of Me to be released on the 4th of July weekend of 2012 by Paramount Pictures.[80][81] In April 2012, Perry performed in India for the first time at the opening ceremony of 5th edition of Indian Premier League, cricket match, in Chennai along with Indian actors Amitabh Bachchan, Salman Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra and Prabhu Deva.[82][83][84] She performed her songs "Teenage Dream" and a remix version of "California Gurls".[85][83][86][87] In April 2012, Perry stated that she was working on new music and changing her musical style, "My music is about to get real f—ing dark. You'd never see my face because my hair would be in it."[88]
Artistry[link]
Musical style and themes[link]
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Perry has a contralto vocal range.[89] Perry's first album is of the Gospel music genre.[11][19] She related that her perspective in music was "a bit enclosed and very strict", and everything she did was church-related.[11] Her second album, One of the Boys, is described as "secular" and "rock," and reflects a departure from her religious musical roots.[11] Her next album Teenage Dream featured more pop songs in the vein of Boys.[16][90] In her childhood, Perry was introduced to the music of Alanis Morissette and Freddie Mercury, the late frontman of the British band Queen.[26] In her tribute to Mercury on what would have been his 65th birthday, Perry stated; "Without you I wouldn't be making music or doing what I do because your lyrics inspired me as a 15 year old girl."[91] Queen's song "Killer Queen" has inspired her to pursue a career in pop music after her first album.[11] She also described that Morissette's album Jagged Little Pill as having influenced her music profoundly; even going on to work with Morissette's collaborator on the album, Glen Ballard because of that.[18] Influence also came from a number of female pop rock singers, including Cyndi Lauper, Shirley Manson, Pat Benatar and Joan Jett, as "they came out with a vengeance."[92] Perry also cited Madonna as another big influence, saying "I want to evolve like Madonna."[93][94]
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Perry is artistically involved in her projects, especially in the writing process. Since she could play guitar, she would start writing songs at home and present it to her producers. Perry is mostly inspired by specific moments of her life. She said it is easy for her to write songs about heartbreak.[13] Most of the themes in One of the Boys deal with heartbreak, teen adventure, and "puking into toilets".[18] Perry's mother reportedly told British tabloid Daily Mail that she dislikes her daughter's music, calling it "shameful and disgusting".[11][95] Perry said her mother was misquoted and told MTV that it was false information.[95] Her songs "Ur So Gay" and "I Kissed a Girl" have received negative reactions from both religious and gay sectors.[95] The songs have been respectively labeled as being homophobic and promoting homosexuality, as well as "lez ploitational".[11] Musicians Pink, Kathleen Hanna and Beth Ditto criticized "I Kissed A Girl" as offensive to the LGBT community.[96][97][98] MTV mentioned criticism suggesting that Perry is using "bi-curiosity" as a way to sell records.[95] Perry responded to the controversy surrounding "Ur So Gay": "It's not a negative connotation. It's not, 'you're so gay,' like, 'you're so lame,' but the fact of the matter is that this boy should've been gay. I totally understand how it could be misconstrued or whatever ... It wasn't stereotyping anyone in particular, I was talking about ex-boyfriends."[99] Perry has written several songs for other singers, including Ashley Tisdale ("Time's Up"), Selena Gomez & the Scene ("Rock God" and "That's More Like It"), Kelly Clarkson ("Long Shot" and "I Do Not Hook Up"), Jessica James ("Bullet" and "Girl Next Door"), Lesley Roy ("Slow Goodbye"), and Kady Malloy ("Wish You the Worst").
Public image[link]
Perry is known for her unconventional style of dress.[16] It is often humorous, bright in color, and reminiscent of different decades, and she frequently uses fruit-shaped accessories, mainly watermelon, as part of her outfits.[92] Perry's transformation into an artist began with fashion, inspired by American film actress Dominique Swain's portrayal in the 1997 film Lolita.[18] She defines her fashion style as "a bit of a concoction of different things".[16] Her fashion has caught the attention of designers.[11][92] In June 2008, a publicity photo that showed Perry posing with a switchblade was criticized.[100] The picture was defended as only an effort to give Perry a "sexy, harder edge".[100] The criticism leveled at her was mocked by Perry who subsequently posed with a spoon instead.[101] She was ranked 7th in Rolling Stone's global Queen of Pop poll in July 2011.[102] Perry is also a gay activist. According to Dosomething.org, Perry had stated "I am a gay activist and I say that proudly. I voted no on Prop 8 (California’s Nov. 4, 2008, amendment declaring that marriage is defined as a union solely between a man and a woman), of course."[103]
Personal life[link]
Perry has had relationships with Gym Class Heroes frontman Travie McCoy, whom she met in a recording studio in New York,[21] breaking up in December 2008;[104] Relient K frontman Matt Thiessen, with whom she worked on her album Teenage Dream[105] and British comedian Russell Brand.
Perry first met Brand in the summer of 2009 when she filmed a cameo appearance for Brand's film Get Him to the Greek. Although the cameo ultimately did not make it into the final cut of the movie, Perry later noted that the "scene called for me to make out with him...And on the way down the stairs after the scene, I was hopping like a bunny. I hop like a bunny when I'm happy".[106][107] Perry and Brand began dating after meeting again several months later in September 2009 at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, where Brand, as host, remarked, "Katy Perry didn't win an award and she's staying at the same hotel as me, so she's gonna need a shoulder to cry on. So in a way, I'm the real winner tonight."[108] The couple became engaged in December 2009 while vacationing in India.[109][110][111] At the time, Perry stated that she had plans to take dual British citizenship. "One of the first things I'll do is apply for dual citizenship. I'm not too sure if I have to take a test as I've not had time to look into it. But England is like my second home".[112] In an August 2010 interview with Rolling Stone, Perry also noted that, "I am sensitive to Russell taking the Lord's name in vain and to Lady Gaga putting a rosary in her mouth. I think when you put sex and spirituality in the same bottle and shake it up, bad things happen."[113][114][115] Perry and Brand married on October 23, 2010, in a traditional Hindu ceremony near the Ranthambhore tiger sanctuary in Rajasthan, India, the same location where Brand proposed.[116][117]
After 14 months of marriage, Brand filed for divorce from Perry on December 30, 2011, in Los Angeles, citing irreconcilable differences.[118][119] The announcement of the divorce followed media speculation that the couple was having marital problems, including an Us Weekly report that they had got into a "massive fight" and spent Christmas 2011 on opposite sides of the globe, with Perry in Hawaii and Brand in London, both without their wedding rings.[120][121] After Perry and Brand reached an agreement on financial issues, a judge granted the divorce request in February 2012; however the divorce will not become effective until July 2012, as California law requires a six-month interval from the initial filing.[122]
Discography[link]
Main article: Katy Perry discography
- Katy Hudson (2001)
- One of the Boys (2008)
- Teenage Dream (2010)
Tours[link]
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Headlining
Co-headlining
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Opening act
Promotional
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Filmography[link]
| Television | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2008 | Young and the Restless, TheThe Young and the Restless | Herself | Episode 8914 |
| Wildfire | Herself | "Life's Too Short" (Season 4, episode 8) | |
| 2010 | American Idol | Guest judge | Season 9, episode 5 |
| The X Factor | Guest judge | Series 7, episode 2 | |
| Sesame Street | Herself | Online special (deleted from televised episode due to viewer controversy) | |
| The Simpsons | Herself | 1 episode, "The Fight Before Christmas" | |
| Extreme Makeover: Home Edition | Herself | "Boys Hope/Girls Hope" (Season 8, Episode 1) | |
| 2010–2011 | Saturday Night Live | Herself / Host / Musical Guest | "Amy Poehler/Katy Perry" (Season 36, episode 681) "Katy Perry/Robyn" (Season 37, episode 710) |
| 2011 | How I Met Your Mother | Honey | 1 episode, "Oh Honey" People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Guest Star |
| America's Got Talent | Guest judge | July 27 (Season 6, Qtr Finals 3 results) | |
| Perez Hilton Superfan | Herself | 1 episode, aired December 14, 2011 | |
| 2012 | Raising Hope | Rikki | 1 episode, "Single White Female Role Model" |
| Film | |||
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2010 | Get Him to the Greek | Herself | Deleted scene Uncredited |
| Out in the Desert | Herself | Post-production | |
| 2011 | The Smurfs | Smurfette | Voice Nominated – People's Choice Award for Favorite Animated Movie Voice |
| The Muppets | Herself | Deleted scene Cameo appearance |
|
| 2012 | Katy Perry: Part of Me | Herself | Main Role 3D film |
| 2012 | The Smurfs 2 | Smurfette | Voice |
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Katy Perry
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Bedwetters |
MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act 2008 |
Succeeded by Lady Gaga |
| Preceded by Snoop Dogg |
MTV Europe Music Awards host 2008–2009 |
Succeeded by Eva Longoria |
| Preceded by Jonas Brothers |
Teen Choice Awards host 2010 |
Succeeded by Kaley Cuoco |
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References[link]
- ^ Russell Brand files for divorce, TMZ.com, December 30, 2011.
- ^ a b "Top 25 Worldwide Tours (01/01/2011 – 12/31/2011)". Pollstar. Pollstar, Inc.. December 28, 2011. http://www.pollstarpro.com/charts/2011YearEndTop25WorldwideTours.pdf. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
- ^ a b Trust, Gary (May 12, 2011). "Katy Perry Celebrates Year In Hot 100's Top 10". Billboard. billboard.com, Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/katy-perry-celebrates-year-in-hot-100-s-1005180662.story. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
- ^ a b "Katy Perry Is MTV's Artist Of The Year!". MTV. December 15, 2011. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1676070/best-artist-of-2011-katy-perry.jhtml.
- ^ Ann Pride (January 8, 2012). "You Da One! Rihanna named best-selling digital download artist of ALL TIME". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2083910/Rihanna-named-best-selling-digital-download-artist-ALL-TIME.html. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
- ^ California Birth IndexArchived 18 January 2010 at WebCite
- ^ a b c d Rob, Sheffield (September 24, 2008). "Girl on Girl: Katy Perry". Blender. http://www.blender.com/GirlonGirlKatyPerry/articles/41952.aspx. Retrieved February 13, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Katy Perry in Portugal - TVI Reportage". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysQLvaEGEHs. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
- ^ "Katy Perry has Irish ancestory in Galway?" April 26, 2011, RTE.ie
- ^ "Megan Smolenyak: 10 Things You Didn't Know About Katy Perry's Family Tree". Huffington Post. April 22, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/megan-smolenyak-smolenyak/katy-perry_b_852334.html. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Graff, Gary (February 21, 2009). "Interview: Katy Perry —Hot N Bold". The Scotsman. UK. http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/features/Interview-Katy-Perry--Hot.4988069.jp. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
- ^ "Katy Perry's Brother David Hudson Music". http://blog.music.aol.com/2011/12/05/katy-perrys-brother-david-hudson-music/.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Katy Perry". TheStarScoop.com. http://www.thestarscoop.com/2008/katy-perry.php. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
- ^ Scaggs, Austin (August 21, 2008). "Q&A: Katy Perry". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822110021/http%3A//www.rollingstone.com/news/story/22212329/qa_katy_perry. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
- ^ a b Montgomery, James (June 24, 2008). "Katy Perry Dishes On Her 'Long And Winding Road' From Singing Gospel To Kissing Girls". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1589848/20080623/katy_perry.jhtml. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Find Out What Influences Katy Perry's Cute Style!". Seventeen. February 5, 2009. http://www.seventeen.com/fashion/special/style-blog/katy-perry-fashion-qa-interview. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
- ^ a b c Panda, Priya. "Katy Perry Wants to Draw on Your Face". Toonage. http://www.toonage.ca/features/sep2108_katy_perry.shtml. Retrieved February 22, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Harris, Sophie (August 30, 2008). "Katy Perry on the risqué business of I Kissed a Girl". The Times (London). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article4619220.ece. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Harding, Cortney (February 11, 2009). "Katy Perry: Single Lady". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/feature/katy-perry-single-lady-1003940623.story. Retrieved February 13, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "The Strangely Normal Tour – Phil Joel, Earthsuit, V*Enna & Katy Hudson". Epinions. February 22, 2001. http://www.epinions.com/content_929341572?sb=1. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
- ^ a b Sumner, Bonnie (October 26, 2008). "Katy Perry: Girl trouble". Sunday Star Times. http://www.stuff.co.nz/sundaystartimes/4738482a20517.html. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
- ^ Greenblatt, Leah (May 30, 2008). "'Kiss' Me, Katy". Entertainment Weekly accessdate=August 5, 2009. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20203057,00.html.
- ^ "Katy Perry "Simple" video". NME. http://www.nme.com/nme-video/youtube/id/CGyqdB_hFxw. Retrieved April 8, 2012. "Katy Perry music video for "Simple" from the soundtrack of "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants""
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External links[link]
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Katy Perry |
Media related to Katy Perry at Wikimedia Commons- Official website
- Katy Perry at the Internet Movie Database
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Perry, Katy |
| Alternative names | Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson |
| Short description | American singer-songwriter |
| Date of birth | October 25, 1984 |
| Place of birth | Santa Barbara, California, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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