published: 13 Dec 2007
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Aikawa, Kanagawa
Aikawa (愛川町, Aikawa-machi?) is a town located in Aikō District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of February 1, 2010, the town had an estimated population of 41,513 and a density of 1,210 persons per km². The total area was 34.29 km².
Aikawa is located in the foothills of northern Kanagawa Prefecture. The Nakatsu River, a tributary of the Sagami River, flows through. A portion of the Tanzawa Mountains can be found in the western part of the town. Miyagase Dam, a major source of hydroelectric power, is situated on the Nakatsu River. The highest mountain in Aikawa is Mount Takatori.
During the Sengoku period, the Battle of Mimasetoge between the forces of Takeda Shingen and the late Hōjō clan occurred on what is now Aikawa Town. During the Edo period, the area was tenryō territory under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration, in the cadastral reorganization for 1889, Aikawa village was founded on April 4, 1889. It was elevated to town status on April 1, 1940. On January 15, 1955 it merged with neighboring Takamine Village and on September 30, 1956 with neighboring Nakatsu Village. Industrial development began in 1966.
wn.com/Aikawa,_Kanagawa -
Anzen Station
Anzen Station (安善駅, Anzen-eki?) is a railway station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
Anzen Station is served by the Tsurumi Line, and is 3.5 kilometers from the terminus at Tsurumi Station.
Anzen Station has an island platform serving two tracks.
Anzen Station was opened on March 10, 1926 as Anzenmachi Station (安善町駅, Anzenmachi-eki?) on the privately-held Tsurumi Rinkō Railway (鶴見臨港鉄道, Tsurumi Rinkō Tetsudō?) initially for freight operations only. A station for passenger services named Anzendōri Station (安善通駅, Anzendōri-eki?) was opened on October 28, 1930 adjacent to the freight station. The Tsurumi Rinkō line was nationalized on July 1, 1943 at which time the two stations were unified under its present name, and was later absorbed into the Japan National Railways (JNR) network. The station has been unstaffed since March 1, 1971. Upon the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987 the station has been operated by JR East.
wn.com/Anzen_Station -
Aoba-ku, Yokohama
Aoba-ku (青葉区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 302,643 and a density of 8,610 persons per km². The total area was 35.14 km².
Aoba is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and in the northwest corner of the city of Yokohama. The area is largely flatland, with scattered small hills.
The area around present-day Aoba Ward was formerly part of Tsutsuki District in Musashi Province. During the Edo period, it was a rural region classified as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. After the Meiji Restoration, the area became part of the new Kanagawa Prefecture in 1868. In the cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, the area was divided into the villages of Tana, Nakazato and Yamauchi in Tsuzuki District (都筑郡田奈村, 中里村, 山内村, Tsuzuki-gun Tana-mura, Nakazato-mura, Yamauchi-mura?). During the Meiji period, the area was a center for sericulture. On April 1, 1939, the three villages within Tsutsuki District were annexed by the neighboring city of Yokohama, becoming part of Kōhoku-ku.
wn.com/Aoba-ku,_Yokohama -
Aobadai Station
Aobadai Station (青葉台駅, Aobadai-eki?) is a railway station operated by Tokyu Corporation's Den-en-toshi Line located in the Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 23.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line at Shibuya Station.
Aobadai Station was opened on April 1, 1966. The station building was rebuilt from 1990–1992, and a new bus terminal was added.
Aobadai Station has two opposed elevated side platforms serving two tracks. The platforms are connected to the station building by underpasses.
Coordinates: 35°32′34.638″N 139°31′1.855″E / 35.542955°N 139.51718194°E / 35.542955; 139.51718194
wn.com/Aobadai_Station -
Aomori, Aomori
Aomori (青森市, Aomori-shi?) is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture, in the northern Tōhoku region of Japan. As of 2009, the city had an estimated population of 302,068 and a density of 366 persons per km². Its total area was 824.52 km².
Aomori literally means blue forest, although it could possibly be translated as "green forest". The name is generally considered to refer to a small forest on a hill which existed near the town. This forest was often used by fishermen as a landmark. A different theory suggests the name might have been derived from the Ainu language.
The area has been settled extensively since prehistoric times, and numerous Jōmon period sites have been found by archaeologists, the most famous being the Sannai-Maruyama Ruins located just southwest of the city center dating to 5500-4000 BC, and the Komakino site slightly further south dating to around 4000 BC. The large scale of these settlements revolutionized theories on Jōmon period civilization. During the Heian period, the area was part of the holdings of the Northern Fujiwara clan, but remained inhabited by the Emishi people well into the historic period. After the fall of the Northern Fujiwara in the Kamakura period, the territory was part of the domain assigned to the Nambu clan, and into the Sengoku period, it came under the control of the rival Tsugaru clan, whose main castle was located in Namioka. After the start of the Edo period, Aomori was a minor port settlement for Hirosaki Domain called Utō (善知鳥村, Utō-mura?). The town was rebuilt in 1626 by Moriyama Yashichirō, under orders of the daimyō, Tsugaru Nobuhira and renamed Aomori, but the name did not come into common use until after 1783.
wn.com/Aomori,_Aomori -
Asahi-ku, Yokohama
Asahi-ku (旭?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 249,045 and a density of 7,600 persons per km². The total area was 32.77 km².
Asahi is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and on the northwest borders of the city of Yokohama.
The area around present-day Asahi Ward was formerly part of Tsuzuki District in Musashi Province. By the Heian period it was part of a huge shōen administered by the Hangaya clan, a subsidiary of the Hatakeyama clan. During the Edo period, it was a rural region classified as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. After the Meiji Restoration, the area became part of the new Kanagawa Prefecture in 1868. In the cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, the area was divided into numerous villages. During the Meiji period, the area was a center for sericulture. The area began to urbanize only during the 1920s and 1930s with the building of the Sagami Railway Main Line. On October 1, 1927 it was annexed by the neighboring city of Yokohama, becoming part of Hodogaya Ward. In a major administrative reorganization of October 1, 1969, Asahi Ward was separated from Hodogaya Ward, becoming an independent ward within the city of Yokohama.
wn.com/Asahi-ku,_Yokohama -
Asano Station
Asano Station (浅野駅, Asano-eki?) is a railway station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
Asano Station is served by the Tsurumi Line, and forms a junction between the Tsurumi Main Line and Umi-Shibaura Branch Line. It is located 3.0 kilometers from the terminus at Tsurumi Station.
Asano Station has an island platform and two opposed side platforms serving four tracks.
Asano Station was opened on March 10, 1926 on the privately-held Tsurumi Rinkō Railway (鶴見臨港鉄道, Tsurumi Rinkō Tetsudō?) initially for freight operations only. Passenger services began on October 28, 1930. The Tsurumi Rinkō line was nationalized on July 1, 1943, and was later absorbed into the Japan National Railways (JNR) network. The station has been unstaffed since March 1, 1971. Upon the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987 the station has been operated by JR East.
Coordinates: 35°29′51.19″N 139°41′44.6″E / 35.4975528°N 139.695722°E / 35.4975528; 139.695722
wn.com/Asano_Station -
Ayase, Kanagawa
Ayase (綾瀬市, Ayase-shi?) is a city in central Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is on the east bank of the Sagami River and is bordered by Yamato, Fujisawa and Ebina cities. It should not be confused with a neighborhood of the same name in Adachi, Tokyo. As of 2010, the city had an estimated population of 82,738 and a population density of 3,710 persons per km². The total area was 22.28 km².
Ayase is in the plains of north-central Kanagawa Prefecture along the banks of the Sagami River.
In the Edo period, the area of modern Ayase was part of the tenryō territory in Sagami Province controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. After the Meiji restoration, the area became part of Kōza District, Kanagawa Prefecture. The village of Ayase was created on April 1, 1889 through the merger of eight small hamlets, and achieved town status on April 1, 1945. On November 11, 1978, Ayase became the newest city in Kanagawa prefecture. The Naval Air Facility Atsugi, one of the key United States military bases on the Kantō region, occupies approximately 18% of the area of the city.
wn.com/Ayase,_Kanagawa -
Azamino Station
Azamino Station (あざみ野駅, Azamino-eki?) is an interchange railway station operated by Tokyu Corporation's Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line and a terminal station on Yokohama City Transportation Bureau's Blue Line in Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 18.2 rail kilometers from the terminus of the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line at Shibuya Station and 20.7 rail kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Azamino Station was opened on May 25, 1977 as a station on the Den-en-toshi Line. The Yokohama subway connected Azamino to Shin-Yokohama Station on March 18, 1993.
Tōkyū Azamino Station has line has two opposed side platforms serving two tracks on the second floor of the station building.
The underground Blue line Station has a single island platform.
Coordinates: 35°34′7.35″N 139°33′12.42″E / 35.5687083°N 139.55345°E / 35.5687083; 139.55345
wn.com/Azamino_Station -
Baghdad
Baghdad (Arabic: بغداد, Baġdād, IPA: [bæɣˈdæːd]) is the capital of Republic of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Province. The population of Baghdad as of 2011 is approximately 7,216,040, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt), and the second largest city in Western Asia (after Tehran, Iran).
Located along the Tigris River, the city was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Within a short time of its inception, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center for the Islamic World. This in addition to housing several key academic institutions (e.g. House of Wisdom) garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Throughout the High Middle Ages, Baghdad was considered to be the largest city in the world with an estimated population of 1,200,000 people. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1938, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture.
wn.com/Baghdad -
Bandung
Bandung (pronounced [banˈduŋ]) (Indonesian: Kota Bandung) is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, the country's third largest city, and second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia with a population of 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 meters (2,520 ft) above sea level, approximately 140 km south eastern of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler temperatures year-round than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains. This topography provides a good natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the colony capital from Batavia to Bandung.
The Dutch colonials first established tea plantations around the mountains in the eighteenth century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the capital (180 km or 112 miles to the northwest). The Dutch inhabitants of the city demanded establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed itself into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes and European boutiques were opened, hence the city was nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
wn.com/Bandung -
Bandōbashi Station
Bandōbashi Station (阪東橋駅, Bandōbashi-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 18.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Bandōbashi Station was opened on December 16, 1972. Platform screen doors were installed in September 2007.
Bandōbashi Station is an underground station with a single island platform serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°26′14.5″N 139°37′30″E / 35.437361°N 139.625°E / 35.437361; 139.625
wn.com/Bandōbashi_Station -
Bangalore
Bangalore /ˈbæŋɡəlɔər/, also rendered Bengaluru,[needs IPA] is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City for its gardens and parks and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration. Bangalore is well known as a hub for India's information technology sector. It is among the top 10 preferred entrepreneurial locations in the world.
A succession of South Indian dynasties ruled the region of Bangalore until in 1537 AD Kempe Gowda—a feudatory ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire—established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore. Following transitory occupation by Maratha and Mughal, the city remained under the Mysore kingdom. Bangalore continued to be a cantonment of the British and a major city of the Princely State of Mysore which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj. Following the independence of India in 1947, Bangalore became the capital of Mysore state, and later Karnataka.
wn.com/Bangalore -
Bangkok
Bangkok is the capital city of and largest urban area in Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร, pronounced [krūŋ tʰêːp máhǎː nákʰɔ̄ːn] (
listen)) or simply Krung Thep (
listen), meaning "city of angels". Bangkok is by far the most densely populated city in Thailand with about 12 million people. Bangkok was a small trading post near the mouth of the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century. It eventually grew in size and became the site of two capital cities: Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782.
Because of its strategic location in Southeast Asia, Siam (later Thailand) acted as a buffer-zone between the French and British colonial empires. Bangkok itself has gained a reputation as an independent, dynamic and influential city. Bangkok is the political, social and economic centre of Thailand, and one of the leading cities in Southeast Asia.
Due to the 1980s and 1990s Asian investment boom, many multinational corporations make their regional headquarters in Bangkok and the city is a regional force in finance and business. Its increasing influence on global politics, culture, fashion and entertainment underlines its status as an Alpha global city. In 2009, it was the second most expensive city in South-East Asia behind Singapore. The city's many cultural landmarks and attractions in addition to its nightlife venues has made it synonymous with exoticism. Its rapid modernization, reflected in the cityscape and the urban society, has left untouched the historic Grand Palace, Wat Arun, Vimanmek Palace Complex and hundreds of Buddhist temples draw about 10 million international visitors each year, second only to London.
wn.com/Bangkok -
Bashamichi Station
Bashamichi Station (馬車道駅, Bashamichi-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan operated by the Yokohama Minatomirai Railway’s Minatomirai Line. It is 2.6 kilometers from the terminus of the Minatomirai Line at Yokohama Station. Trains inter-run with the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line from Shibuya Station.
Bashamichi Station opened on February 1, 2004 with the opening of the Minatomirai Line.
Bashamichi Station is an underground station with a single island platform serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°27′0.3″N 139°38′10.87″E / 35.450083°N 139.6363528°E / 35.450083; 139.6363528
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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Bentembashi Station
Bentembashi Station (弁天橋駅, Bentenbashi-eki?) is a railway station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
Bentembashi Station is served by the Tsurumi Line, and is located 2.4 kilometers from the terminus at Tsurumi Station.
Bentembashi Station has an island platform serving two tracks.
Bentembashi Station was opened on March 10, 1926 as the initial terminal station on the privately-held Tsurumi Rinkō Railway (鶴見臨港鉄道, Tsurumi Rinkō Tetsudō?) and initially for freight operations only. Passenger services started from October 28, 1930 when the line was extended to Tsurumi Station. The Tsurumi Rinkō line was nationalized on July 1, 1943, and was later absorbed into the Japan National Railways (JNR) network. The station has been unstaffed since March 1, 1971. Upon the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987 the station has been operated by JR East.
Media related to Bentenbashi Station at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 35°29′45″N 139°41′23″E / 35.495972°N 139.68975°E / 35.495972; 139.68975
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Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital (Spanish pronunciation: [boɣoˈta] ( listen)), from 1991 to 2000 called Santafé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district and no longer belongs administratively to that department. Bogotá is the most populous city in the country, with 7.363.782 inhabitants as of 2010. Bogotá and its metropolitan area, which includes municipalities such as Chía, Cota, Soacha, Cajicá and La Calera, had a population of 7,881,156 in 2005.
In terms of land area, Bogotá is the largest city in Colombia, and one of the biggest of Latin America. It figures amongst the thirty largest cities of the world and it is the third-highest capital city in South America (after La Paz and Quito) at 2,625 metres (8,612 ft) above sea level. With its many universities and libraries, Bogotá has become known as "The Athens of South America". Bogotá owns the largest moorland of the world, which is located in the Sumapaz Locality. The city ranked 54th in the 2010 Global Cities Index and is listed as global city of the Beta+ kind by the GaWC.
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Byōbugaura Station
Byōbugaura Station (屏風浦駅, Byōbugaura-eki?) is a railway station operated by the Keikyū Keikyū Main Line located in Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located 33.0 rail kilometers from the northern terminus of the Keikyū Main Line at Shinagawa Station, in Tokyo.
Byōbugaura Station was opened on April 1, 1930 as a station on the Shōnan Electric Railway, which merged with the Keihin Electric Railway on November 1, 1941. A new station building was erected in 1964, and extensively remodeled in 1991.
Byōbugaura Station is an elevated station with a dual opposed side platforms serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°23′38″N 139°36′37″E / 35.3940°N 139.6104°E / 35.3940; 139.6104
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Cairo
Cairo ( /ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Center Kita Station
Center-Kita Station (センター北駅, Sentā-Kita-eki?) is an above-ground metro station located in Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway. It is an interchange station for the Green Line and Blue Line (Line 3). It is 37.3 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station and 5.7 kilometers from the terminus of the Green Line at Nakayama Station.
Center-Kita Station opened on March 18, 1993 when Line 3 (later named the Blue Line) was extended from Shin-Yokohama Station to Azamino Station. Platform screen doors were installed in April 2007. Services on the Green Line started on March 30, 2008.
Center-Kita Station has two elevated island platforms serving four tracks.
Coordinates: 35°33′12″N 139°34′43″E / 35.5534°N 139.5785°E / 35.5534; 139.5785
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Chennai
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.
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Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
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Chigasaki, Kanagawa
Chigasaki (茅ヶ崎市, Chigasaki-shi?) is a city located in central, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the city had an estimated population of 234,400 and a density of 6,540 persons per km². The total area is 35.71 km².
Chigasaki is located on the eastern bank of the Sagami River in south-central Kanagawa Prefecture, facing Sagami Bay on the Pacific Ocean to the south.
The area around Chigasaki has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The area was largely pasture and farmland well into the Edo period. The Tōkaidō connecting Edo with Kyoto passed through what is now Chigasaki, but without a post station. The area was part of the tenryō territory in Sagami Province controlled directly by the Tokugawa Shogunate through the Edo period.
After the start of the Meiji period, the Tōkaidō Main Line railway connected Chigasaki Station with Tokyo and Osaka in 1898, which spurred the development of the area. Chigasaki village in Kōza District, Kanagawa Prefecture became Chigasaki town in 1908. In 1921, the Sagami Line railway connected Chigaskai with Hashimoto to the north. Chigasaki became a city on October 1, 1947.
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China
China (
i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Chūō-ku, Sagamihara
Chūō-ku (中央区, Chūō-ku?) is one of three wards of Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan, located in the central part of the city. The north west of Chūō-ku faces Midori-ku; the south east faces Minami-ku; the north faces Machida.
Chūō-ku was created on April 1, 2010 when Sagamihara became a city designated by government ordinance (a "designated city").
As of March 2010, Chūō-ku had a population of 265,057, with a land area of 36.8 square kilometers.
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Constanţa
Constanța (Romanian pronunciation: [konˈstant͡sa]; historical names: Tomis, Greek: Κωνστάντζα or Κωνστάντια, Konstantia, Bulgarian: Кюстенджа or Констанца, Turkish: Köstence) is the oldest extant city in Romania, founded around 600 BC. The city is located in the Dobruja region of Romania, on the Black Sea coast. It is the capital of Constanța County and the largest city in the region.
The city of Constanța is one of the most important in Romania, one of four roughly equal-size cities which rank after Bucharest. The Constanța metropolitan area, founded in 2007, comprises 14 localities located at a maximum distance of 30 km (19 mi) from the city, and, with 387,593 inhabitants, it is the third largest metropolitan area in Romania.
The Port of Constanța has an area of 39.26 km2 (15.16 sq mi) and a length of about 30 km (19 mi). It is the largest port on the Black Sea, and one of the largest ports in Europe.
Tomis (also called Tomi) was a Greek colony in the province of Scythia Minor on the Black Sea shore, founded around 600 BC for commercial exchanges with the local Getic populations. The name may likely be derived from Greek Τομή meaning cutpiece, section.
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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
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Dhaka
Dhaka (Bengali: ঢাকা, pronounced IPA: [ˈɖʱaka]; formerly spelled Dacca, named Jahangirnagar during Mughal era) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka Division. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. It is located on the banks of the Buriganga River. Dhaka, along with its metropolitan area, had a population of over 16 million in 2011, making it the largest city in Bangladesh. It is the 9th largest city in the world and also 28th among the most densely populated cities in the world. Dhaka is known as the City of Mosques and with 400,000 cycle rickshaws running on its streets every day, the city is also described as the Rickshaw Capital of the World.
Under Mughal rule in the 17th century, the city was known as Jahangir Nagar. It was a provincial capital and a centre of the worldwide muslin trade. The modern city, however, was developed chiefly under British rule in the 19th century, and became the second-largest city in Bengal after Calcutta (presently Kolkata). After the Partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka became the capital of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam but lost its status as a provincial capital again after the partition was annulled in 1911. After the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka became the administrative capital of East Pakistan, and later, in 1971, the capital of an independent Bangladesh. During the intervening period, the city witnessed widespread turmoil; this included many impositions of martial law, the declaration of Bangladesh's independence, military suppression, devastation during war, and natural calamities.
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Dongguan
Dongguan (simplified Chinese: 东莞; traditional Chinese: 東莞; pinyin: Dōngguǎn, Mandarin pronunciation: [tʊ́ŋkwàn]; Cantonese: Dung1 gun2; Postal Map Spelling: Tungkuan) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.
An important industrial city located in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, Shenzhen to the south, and the Pearl River to the west.
It is also home to the world's largest, though mostly empty, shopping mall, New South China Mall. City administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment. The three neighboring municipalities of Guangzhou, Dongguan, and Shenzhen are home to over 25 million residents, accounting for a large proportion of the Pearl River Delta Region's population.
Dongguan ranks behind only Shenzhen, Shanghai and Suzhou in exports among Chinese cities, with $65.54bn in shipment.
Dongguan has no intermediate county level; instead it is divided into:
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East Rand
Coordinates: 26°10′38″S 28°13′19″E / 26.17722°S 28.22194°E / -26.17722; 28.22194
The East Rand (known in Afrikaans as the Oos-Rand) is the name of the urban eastern part of the Witwatersrand that is functionally merged with the Johannesburg conurbation. This area became settled by Europeans after a gold-bearing reef discovered in 1886 and sparked the gold rush that gave rise to the establishment of Johannesburg.
The large black townships of the East Rand were the scene of heavy clashes between the African National Congress and the Inkatha Freedom Party before the end of Apartheid.
The region extends from Germiston in the west to Springs in the east, and south down to Nigel, and includes the towns of Boksburg, Benoni, Brakpan, Kempton Park, Edenvale, and Bedfordview.
As part of the restructuring of municipalities in South Africa at the time, the local governments of the East Rand were merged into a single municipality in 1999, called the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, meaning "place of peace."
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Ebina, Kanagawa
Ebina (海老名市, Ebina-shi?) is a city located in central Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town has an estimated population of 127,062 and a density of 4,800 persons per km². The total area is 26.48 km².
Ebina is located in the middle of the Sagami Plains, part of western Kantō plain, along the eastern bank of the Sagami River. The Tōmei Expressway cuts across the southern end of the city.
The area of modern Ebina has been settled since ancient times, and has a number of remains from the Kofun period. It was the location of the kokubun-ji and provincial capital of Sagami Province from the Nara period. It was home to the Yokoyama clan, one of the seven warrior clans of the Musashi region during the early Kamakura period. During the Edo period, the lands around Ebina were tenryō territory theoretically administered directly by the Tokugawa Shogunate in Edo; however, in reality, the area was a patchwork of small fiefs held by various hatamoto, as well as exclaves under the control of Sakura Domain and Karasuyama Domain.
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Edo
Edo (江戸, Edo?, literally "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo. It was seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and home to an urban culture centered on the notion of a "floating world".
From the establishment of the Tokugawa bakufu's headquarters at Edo, although Kyoto remained the formal capital of the country the de facto capital was now Edo; it was the center of political power. Edo grew from what had been a small, little-known fishing village in 1457 to a metropolis with an estimated population of 1,000,000 by 1721 (the largest city in the world at the time).
Edo was repeatedly devastated by fires, with the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657 (in which an estimated 100,000 people died) the most disastrous. During the Edo period there were about 100 fires (most begun by accident, often quickly escalating and spreading through neighbourhoods of wooden machiya which were heated with charcoal fires. Between 1600 and 1945, Edo/Tokyo was leveled every 25–50 years or so by fire, earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions or war.
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Foshan
Foshan (Chinese: 佛山; pinyin: Fóshān, pronounced [fwɔ̌ ʂán]), is a city in central Guangdong province in southern China. The prefectural area under the city's jurisdiction over an area of about 3,840 km² and a population of 5.4 million of which 1.1 million reside in the city proper (year 2000 figures).
It is shown on some older maps as 'Fatshan', which is a phonetic spelling of the city's Cantonese name. Today many areas of Foshan city are occupied mostly by Chinese migrants coming from different provinces of China and speak only Mandarin, while its native dialect is a Foshan variant of Cantonese.
The town of Foshan is many centuries old, and was famous for its porcelain industry. Now, the third largest city in Guangdong, it has become relatively affluent compared to other Chinese cities, and is home to many large private enterprises. Foshan has recently seen a transformation brought by China's booming economy. Foshan is also famous for its martial arts. It contains numerous Wing Chun schools where many come to train and spar.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Fukuoka
Fukuoka (福岡市, Fukuoka-shi?) is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture and is situated on the northern shore of the island of Kyushu in Japan.
Ranked as the 14th of the world's most livable cities in the magazine Monocle in 2010, Fukuoka was praised for its green spaces in a metropolitan setting. It is the most populous city in Kyushu, followed by Kitakyushu. It is the largest city and metropolitan area west of Keihanshin. The city was designated on April 1, 1972 by government ordinance. Greater Fukuoka (福岡都市圏), with 2.5 million people (2005 census), is part of the heavily industrialized Fukuoka-Kitakyushu zone, as well as Northern Kyushu.
As of June 2011, Fukuoka is Japan's 7th largest city, having passed the population of Kyoto, and the first time a city west of the Kinki region has a larger population since Kyoto was established in the 7th century. However, in ancient times, the area near Fukuoka was thought to be perhaps even more influential than the Yamato region.
Fukuoka (the area of Kashii, Hakata, Sawara and Imazu) is said to be the oldest city in Japan, because it is the nearest city to China and Korea[citation needed]. The area around Fukuoka is among the oldest non-Jōmon settlements in Japan[citation needed]. Dazaifu was an administrative capital in 663 A.D., but a historian proposed that a prehistoric capital was in the area. Ancient texts, such as the Kojiki, and archaeology confirm this was a very critical place in the founding of Japan. Some scholars even go as far as to claim it was the first place outsiders and the Imperial Family set foot, but like many early Japan origin theories, it remains contested. See History of Japan. Fukuoka is sometimes still referred to as Hakata, the central ward of the city.
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Fukushima, Fukushima
Fukushima (福島市, Fukushima-shi?, [ɸu͍̥ku͍ꜜɕima]) is the capital city of Fukushima Prefecture in the Tōhoku Region of Japan. As of May 2011 the city has an estimated population of 290,064 and an area of 746.43 km².
It lies about 250 km north of Tokyo and 80 km south of Sendai.
Fukushima was once called "Shinobu-no-sato," the village of Shinobu. In the 12th century Suginome Taro built Suginome Castle and the village began to develop as a castle town surrounding Fukushima Castle. During the Edo period, Fukushima began to grow prosperous from the production of silk and horses and its name became well-known even in Kyoto. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868 a prefectural office was established in Fukushima and the Bank of Japan established an office in the city. This was the first national bank in the Tōhoku Region. The city was founded on April 1, 1907. On July 1, 2008, the town of Iino, from Date District, was annexed by the city of Fukushima.
The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami caused ruptures in multiple water mains originating from the city's water supply, the Surikamigawa Dam, resulting in the majority of the city losing access to running water. Train services were stopped due to damage caused to railway infrastructure.
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Fukuura Station
Fukuura Station (福浦駅) is a station on the Kanazawa Seaside Line, located in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It opened on 5 July 1989.
Coordinates: 35°20′59″N 139°38′55″E / 35.3497°N 139.6487°E / 35.3497; 139.6487
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Funabashi, Chiba
Funabashi (船橋市, Funabashi-shi?) is a city located in northwestern Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of February 2011, the city had an estimated population of 609,157 and a population density of 7110 persons per km². The total area was 85.64 km². It is the 7th most populous city in Greater Tokyo.
Funabashi is located in northwestern Chiba Prefecture and makes up one part of the Shimōsa Plain. The city sits 20-30 meters above sea level, and is relatively flat. Funabashi is crossed by the Tone River, and the small Ebi River is located entirely within city limits. Funabashi formerly had wide, shallow beaches, but much of the coast has been industrialized and transformed by reclaimed land.
The name “Funabashi” is mentioned in the Kamakura period chronicle Azuma Kagami. However, the name itself is even more ancient, dating from before the Nara period and the Yamatotakeru mythology. Archaeologists have found stone tools from the Japanese Paleolithic period and shell middens from the Jomon period in the area, indicating continuous inhabitation for thousands of years. A number of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in the area claim to have been founded in the Nara period or Heian period. During the Muromachi periods, the area was controlled by the Chiba clan. During the Sengoku period, the Chiba clan fought the Satomi clan to the south, and the Late Hojo clan to the west. After the defeat of the Chiba clan, the area came within the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
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Futamatagawa Station
Futamatagawa Station (二俣川駅, Futamatagawa eki?) is a joint use railway station located in Asahi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The station serves both the Main Line and the Izumino Line of the Sagami Railway. It is 10.5 kilometers from the terminus of the Main Line at Yokohama Station, and is the terminus for the Izumino Line.
Futamatgawa Station was opened on March 12, 1926. The Izumino Line began operations from April 8, 1976. The station building was completely reconstructed, and a fourth track was added by May 28, 1989.
The typical off-peak service is:
Futamatagawa Station has a two island platforms serving four tracks.
Coordinates: 35°27′47.08″N 139°31′55.09″E / 35.4630778°N 139.5319694°E / 35.4630778; 139.5319694
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Greater Buenos Aires
Greater Buenos Aires (Gran Buenos Aires, GBA, in Spanish) is the generic denomination to refer to the urban agglomeration comprising the autonomous city of Buenos Aires and the conurbation around it, over the province of Buenos Aires—namely the adjacent 24 partidos or municipalities—which nonetheless do not constitute a single administrative unit. The conurbation spreads to the south, west and north of Buenos Aires; to the east the River Plate serves as a natural boundary.
Urban sprawl, especially between 1945 and 1980, created a vast conurbation of 9,910,282 inhabitants in the 24 conurbated partidos, as of 2010, and a total of 12,801,365 including the City of Buenos Aires, a third of the total population of Argentina.
The term "Greater Buenos Aires" is related with other expressions not necessarily well-defined: the "Buenos Aires' conurbation" (Conurbano Bonaerense), the "Greater Buenos Aires Agglomeration" (Aglomerado Gran Buenos Aires), and the "Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires" (Área Metropolitana Buenos Aires, AMBA).
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Greater Tokyo Area
The Greater Tokyo Area is a large metropolitan area in Kantō region, Japan, consisting of most of the prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Tokyo (at the center). In Japanese, it is referred to by various terms, including the National Capital Region (首都圏, Shuto-ken?), One Metropolis, Three Prefectures (一都三県, Itto Sanken?), and others.
A 2007 UN estimate puts the population at 35,676,000, making it by far the world's most populous metropolitan area. It covers an area of approximately 13,500 km² (5,200 mi²), giving it a population density of 2,642 person/km² - which is somewhat more than twice the population density of Bangladesh. It is the second largest single metropolitan area in the world in terms of built-up or urban function landmass at 7,800 km² (3,000 mi²). Only the New York metropolitan area, at 17,405 km², is larger.
The area has the largest metropolitan economy in the world, with a total GDP (nominal) of approximately US$1.9 trillion (¥165 trillion) in 2008. According to research published by PricewaterhouseCoopers, the agglomeration of Tokyo had a total GDP of US$1.479 trillion in 2008 (at purchasing power parity), ranking again as the largest urban agglomeration GDP in the world.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
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Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
Hakata-ku (博多区?) is one of the seven wards of Fukuoka City, in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is best known as the location of Fukuoka's main train station, Hakata Station.
Hakata-ku is a ward of Fukuoka City located on its eastern edge. It is 31.47 km2 with a population of 206,629 (current January 1, 2009). Most of the ward is plains where the Mikasa River (御笠川, Mikasagawa?) flows. The northwestern end of the ward faces Hakata Bay, which includes the ferry terminal Hakata Harbor (博多港, Hakata kō?). The northeast end of the ward is slightly elevated, and is named Higashihirao (東平尾?), with nearby Fukuoka Airport. Around Hakata Station is downtown; Nakasu (中洲?) is the red-light district in the ward along the Naka River (那珂川, Nakagawa?). Hakata-ku also houses the Fukuoka Prefectural office.
Many Japanese companies have established branch offices in Fukuoka City, particularly in Hakata-ku cause of its easy access to Hakata Station and Fukuoka Airport. Therefore, people on business trips often visit and stay in Hakata-ku.[citation needed] The headquarters of JR Kyūshū,Best Denki,[citation needed] and many other companies are in the ward.
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Hakkeijima Station
Hakkeijima Station (八景島駅) is a station on the Kanazawa Seaside Line, located in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It opened on 5 July 1989.
Coordinates: 35°20′27.14″N 139°38′26.9″E / 35.3408722°N 139.640806°E / 35.3408722; 139.640806
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Hakodate, Hokkaidō
Hakodate (函館市, Hakodate-shi?) is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture.
Hakodate was Japan's first city whose port was opened to foreign trade in 1854 as a result of Convention of Kanagawa, and used to be the most important port in northern Japan. Also, the city had been the biggest city in Hokkaido before the Great Hakodate Fire of 1934.
As of July 31, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 279,851 with 143,221 households and a population density of 412.83 persons per km². The total area is 677.77 km². The city is now the third biggest in Hokkaido after Sapporo and Asahikawa.
Hakodate was founded in 1454, when Kono Kaganokami Masamichi constructed a large manor house in the Ainu fishing village of Usukeshi (the word for bay in Ainu).
After his death, Masamichi's son, Kono Suemichi, and family were driven out of Hakodate into nearby Kameda during Ainu rebellion in 1512 and little history was recorded for the area during the next 100 years. There was constant low level conflict in the Oshima peninsula at the time with the Ainu as armed merchants like the Kono family established bases to control trade in the region. This conflict culminated in an uprising from 1669 to 1672, led by Ainu warrior Shakushain after which the Ainu in the region were suppressed.
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Hakone, Kanagawa
Hakone (箱根町, Hakone-machi?) is a town in Ashigarashimo District in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 13,339 and a density of 144 persons per km². The total area was 92.82 km².
Hakone is located in the mountainous far west of the prefecture, on the eastern side of Hakone Pass. Most of the town is within the borders of the volcanically active Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park, centered around Lake Ashi.
Kanagawa Prefecture
Shizuoka Prefecture
Hakone is the location of a noted Shinto shrine, the Hakone Gongen, which is mentioned in Heian period literature. During the Gempei War, Minamoto no Yoritomo prayed at this shrine for victory over his enemies, after his defeat at the Battle of Ishibashiyama, which was also located with the borders of present-day Hakone. As with the rest of Sagami Province, the area came under the control of the late Hōjō clan of Odawara during the Sengoku period. After the start of the Edo period, Hakone-juku was a post station on the Tōkaidō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto. It was also the site of a major barrier and official checkpoint on the route known as the Hakone Checkpoint (箱根関所, Hakone sekisho?), which formed the border of the Kantō region. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, all travellers entering and leaving Edo along the Tōkaidō were stopped here by officials, and their travel permits and baggage was examined.
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Hakuraku Station
Hakuraku Station (白楽駅, Hakuraku-eki?) is a railway station on the Tokyu Corporation's Tōyoko Line located in located in Kanagawa Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 21.4 kilometers from the terminus of the Tōyoko Line at Shibuya Station.
Hakuraku Station was opened on February 14, 1926. The station building was remodeled in 2006.
This station is served by following line:
Higashi-Hakuraku Station has two elevated opposed side-platforms, connected to the station building overhead by overpasses.
Coordinates: 35°29′23″N 139°37′40″E / 35.489647°N 139.627894°E / 35.489647; 139.627894
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Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton ( /ˈhæməltən/; 2011 population 519,949; UA population 670,580; CMA population 721,053) is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812, Hamilton has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe. On January 1, 2001, the new City of Hamilton was formed through the amalgamation of the former city and the other constituent lower-tier municipalities of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth with the upper-tier regional government. Residents of the old city are known as Hamiltonians. Since 1981, the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario.
Hamilton is home to the shared Royal Botanical Gardens, the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum, the Bruce Trail, McMaster University and Mohawk College. The Canadian Football Hall of Fame can be found downtown right beside Hamilton City Hall and across town to the east, the Canadian Football League's Hamilton Tiger-Cats play at Ivor Wynne Stadium.
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Hayama, Kanagawa
Hayama (葉山町, Hayama-machi?) is a town located in Miura District, Kanagawa Prefecture, on central Honshū, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 32,386 and a density of 1,900 per km². The total area was 17.06 km². Since 1894, the Japanese Imperial Family has maintained a residence in Hayama, the seaside Hayama Imperial Villa.
Hayama is located at the northern end of Miura Peninsula, facing Sagami Bay on the Pacific Ocean. The area has a temperate maritime climate with short cool winters, and hot humid summers.
During the Edo period, all of eastern Sagami Province was tenryō territory under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate, and administered by various hatamoto. During the cadastral reform of the early Meiji period in 1889, the area was reorganized into Hayama village through the merger of six hamlets. It was elevated to town status in 1925.
Despite its lack of rail connections, Hayama is now primarily a bedroom community for Tokyo and Yokohama, and due to its mild climate, a popular resort area with a marina. Agricultural produce includes shiitake mushrooms, and a brand of beef known as "Hayama-gyu".
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Hinodechō Station
Hinodechō Station (日ノ出町駅, Hinodechō-eki?) is a railway station operated by the Keikyū Keikyū Main Line located in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located 24.8 rail kilometers from the northern terminus of the Keikyū Main Line at Shinagawa Station, in Tokyo.
Hinodechō Station was opened on December 26, 1931.
Hinodechō Station is an elevated station with two opposed side platforms serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°26′44″N 139°37′36″E / 35.4455°N 139.6266°E / 35.4455; 139.6266
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Hiroshima
Hiroshima (広島市, Hiroshima-shi?) ( listen (help·info)) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu, the largest island of Japan. It is best known as the first city in history to be destroyed by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on it at 8:15 A.M. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II. Its name 広島 means "Wide Island".
Hiroshima gained city status on April 1, 1889. On April 1, 1980, Hiroshima became a designated city. The city's current mayor since April 2011 is Kazumi Matsui.
Hiroshima was founded on the river delta coastline of the Seto Inland Sea in 1589 by the powerful warlord Mōri Terumoto, who made it his capital after leaving Koriyama Castle in Aki Province.Hiroshima Castle was quickly built, and Terumoto moved in, in 1593. Terumoto was on the losing side at the Battle of Sekigahara. The winner, Tokugawa Ieyasu, deprived Mori Terumoto of most of his fiefs including Hiroshima and gave Aki province to Masanori Fukushima, a daimyo who had supported Tokugawa.
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Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh; listen), formerly named Saigon (Sài Gòn; listen) is the largest city in Vietnam. It was once known as Prey Nokor, an important Khmer sea port prior to annexation by the Vietnamese in the 17th century.
Under the name Saigon, it was the capital of the French colony of Cochin-china and later of the independent state of South Vietnam from 1955–75. South Vietnam, as an anti-communist state, fought against the communist North Vietnamese and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War, with aid from the United States of America and countries including Australia, New Zealand and South Korea. Saigon fell when it was captured by the communists on 30 April 1975, bringing an end to the War with its enemy's victory. Vietnam was then turned into a communist state with the South overtaken. On 2 July 1976, Saigon merged with the surrounding Gia Định Province and was officially renamed Ho Chi Minh City after Hồ Chí Minh (although the name Sài Gòn is still commonly used.)
The city center is situated on the banks of the Saigon River, 60 kilometers (37 mi) from the South China Sea and 1,760 kilometers (1,090 mi) south of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam.
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Hodogaya Station
Hodogaya Station (保土ケ谷駅, Hodogaya-eki?) is a railway station on the East Japan Railway Company located in Hodogaya Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is served by the Tōkaidō Main Line, Yokosuka Line and Shōnan-Shinjuku Line and is 31.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Yokosuka Line at Tokyo Station.
Hodogaya Station was opened on July 11, 1887 as a station on the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), the predecessor to the post-war Japan National Railway (JNR). Initially for passenger operations only, freight operations began the following year. The station was renamed to its present kanji in 1931. All freight operations were discontinued from May 1970. Service to the statiom was transferred from the Tōkaidō Main Line to the Yokosuka Line in 1980. With the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the operational control of JR East.
Hodogaya Station has a single island platform which is jointly used by trains of both the Yokosuka Line and the Shōnan-Shinjuku Line. Trains of the Tōkaidō Main Line pass through Hodogaya Station, but do not stop.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Hongōdai Station
Hongōdai Station (本郷台駅, Hongōdai-eki?) is a railway station operated by JR East's Negishi Line located in Sakae-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It is 18.5 kilometers from the terminus of the Negishi Line at Yokohama Station and 77.6 kilometers from the terminus of the Keihin-Tōhoku Line at Ōmiya Station.
The area around Hongōdai Station was formerly part of a major Imperial Japanese Navy fuel depot, with a spur line connecting it to Ōfuna Station. In te post-war era, this became a large warehouse district known as the "Ōfuna PX", which supported the commissaries of the numerous American military facilities in surrounding area. The property was returned to the Japanese government by 1965 and developed into a housing district. The Japan National Railways (JNR) Keihin-Tōhoku Line was extended from its former terminus at Yōkōdai Station through to Ōfuna Station in 1973, and Hongōdai Station was opened on 9 April 1973. The station came under the management of JR East on April 1, 1987 after the privatization of the JNR.
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Honshu
Honshu (本州, Honshū?, literally "Main Province") ([hoɴɕuː] ( listen)) is the largest island of Japan. The nation's main island, it is south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Strait. It is the seventh largest island in the world, and the second most populous after Java in Indonesia.
It has a population of 103 million in 2005, (98,352,000 as of 1990; in 1975 it was 89,101,702), mostly concentrated in the available lowlands, notably in the Kantō plain where 25% of the total population reside in the Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and Yokohama, Kawasaki, Saitama and Chiba cities. Most of the nation's industry is located along the belt running from Tokyo along Honshu's southern coastal cities, including Kyoto, Osaka, Nagoya, Kobe, and Hiroshima, part of the Taiheiyo Belt.
The economy along the northwestern coast by the Sea of Japan is largely fishing and agriculture;Niigata is noted as an important producer of rice. The Kantō and Nōbi plains produce rice and vegetables. Yamanashi is a major fruit-growing area, and Aomori is famous for its apples.
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Ichigao Station
Ichigao Station (市が尾駅, Ichigao-eki?) is a railway station operated by Tokyu Corporation's Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line located in the Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 20.8.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line at Shibuya Station.
Ichigao Station was opened on April 1, 1966.
Ichigao Station has two opposed side platforms serving two tracks. The platforms are connected to the elevated station building by overpasses.
Coordinates: 35°33′06″N 139°32′30″E / 35.5516°N 139.5416°E / 35.5516; 139.5416
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Idogaya Station
Idogaya Station (井土ヶ谷駅, Idogaya-eki?) is a railway station operated by the Keikyū Keikyū Main Line located in Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located 27.7 rail kilometers from the northern terminus of the Keikyū Main Line at Shinagawa Station, in Tokyo.
Idogaya Station was opened on April 1, 1930. The platform for north-bound trains was lengthened to accommodate 8-car long trains in 1978, and the south-bound platform was similarly lengthened in 1987.
Idogaya Station is an elevated station with a dual opposed side platforms serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°26′02″N 139°36′01″E / 35.4340°N 139.6004°E / 35.4340; 139.6004
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Incheon
Coordinates: 37°29′N 126°38′E / 37.483°N 126.633°E / 37.483; 126.633
The Incheon Metropolitan City (인천, 仁川, literally 'wise river' - formerly Inchon; named Jinsen during the time of Japanese rule) is located in northwestern South Korea. The city was home to just 4,700 people when Jemulpo port was built in 1883. Today 2.76 million people live in the city, making it Korea’s third most populous city after Seoul and Busan Metropolitan City. While people have inhabited the area from the New Stone Age, the city’s growth was assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city.
Incheon has since led the economic development of Korea by opening its port to the outside world, issuing in the modernization of Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as Korea’s first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in Incheon Free Economic Zone, including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Isezakichō
Isezakichō (伊勢佐木町?) is a district of Naka Ward in Yokohama, Japan, consisting mainly of the Isezakichō Shopping Street (伊勢佐木町商店街, Isezakichō shōtengai?). The shopping street is 1.2 km long, running from Isezakicho 1-chōme (-１丁目, -icchōme?) in the northeast, to Isezakicho 7-chōme (-７丁目, -nanachōme?) in the southwest.
Isezaki Mall is a special designation given to the 1-chōme (１丁目, icchōme?) and 2-chōme (２丁目, nichōme?) portions only, which is a car-free zone. The largest shops and businesses are in the Isezaki Mall area in the northeast end, closer to Kannai Station. As you walk along the Isezakicho Shopping Street towards 7-chōme in the southwest end, the shops become gradually smaller and the pedestrian traffic tapers off. On the other end, walking past the northeast end of Isezakicho, across towards Kannai Station, the street continues into the Bashamichi Street.
Until the 1960s, Isezakicho was the only large shopping area in Yokohama catering to local residents. But that was before Motomachi and the Yokohama Station area became more popular. Motomachi had previously catered mainly to foreign residents, while the Yokohama Station developed into a large shopping area only in the 1970s. Today, Isezakicho continues to be one of the major shopping areas of Yokohama.
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Ishikawachō Station
Ishikawachō Station (磯子駅, Ishikawachō-eki?) is a railway station operated by JR East's Negishi Line located in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It is 3.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Negishi Line at Yokohama Station and 62.9 kilometers from the terminus of the Keihin-Tōhoku Line at Ōmiya Station.
Ishikawachō Station was opened on May 9, 1964 as a station on the Japan National Railways (JNR). The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the JNR in 1987.
Ishikawachō Station has dual opposed side platforms serving two tracks.
Ishikawachō Station is located near the Motomachi and Yokohama Chinatown tourist areas in Yokohama. However, Motomachi-Chūkagai Station on the Minato Mirai Line (which opened in 2004), is closer to those locations.
Coordinates: 35°26′18″N 139°38′35″E / 35.43833°N 139.64306°E / 35.43833; 139.64306
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Isogo Station
Isogo Station (磯子駅, Isogo-eki?) is a railway station operated by JR East's Negishi Line located in Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It is 11.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Negishi Line at Yokohama Station and 70.2 kilometers from the terminus of the Keihin-Tōhoku Line at Ōmiya Station.
Isogo Station was opened on May 9, 1964 as the terminus of the Negishi Line until the line was extended to Yōkōdai in 1970. All freight operations were suspended from October 1986. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) in 1987. The station building was extensively remodelled in 2000 with the addition of ticket gates, automatic ticket machines, and new ticket windows.
Isogo Station is located at surface level and features a sole island platform with a two tracks. Both tracks are utilised by the Keihin-Tōhoku Line and Yokohama Line; track 1 serves southbound trains to Ōfuna whilst track 2 serves northbound trains to Yokohama and Tokyo. An adjacent side platform formerly used to support freight operations, was sold to the Nisshin OilliO Group.
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Isogo-ku, Yokohama
Isogo-ku (磯子区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 163,406 and a density of 8,520 persons per km². The total area was 19.17 km².
Isogo is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and in the southeast corner of the city of Yokohama. The area is largely flatland, with scattered small hills. The Ward is bordered to the east by Tokyo Bay.
During the Edo period, area around present-day Isogo Ward was formerly part of the tenryō territory in Sagami Province controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. The area consisted of small fishing villages, noted primarily for their catch of Sea cucumber. After the Meiji Restoration, the area became part of Kuraki District in the new Kanagawa Prefecture. In the cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, the area was divided into numerous villages. On April 1, 1901 Negishi village was annexed by neighboring Yokohama. The remaining northern portions of the district were annexed in 1911 and 1927. On October 10, 1927 the 14 former towns and villages were re-organized as Isogo Ward within the city of Yokohama.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, forming the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of 13.4 million, the city is at the center of the second-largest urban area in Europe after Moscow, and among the world's largest cities by population within city limits. Istanbul's vast area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi) is coterminous with Istanbul Province, of which the city is considered capital. Straddling the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, Istanbul is a transcontinental city, with one third of its population living in Asia but its commercial and historical center in Europe.
Founded around 660 BC as Byzantium on the Seraglio Point, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires — the late classical Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold from which the last caliphate ruled. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital elsewhere, in Ankara, remnants of Istanbul's previous central role still remain highly visible across the city, with palaces and imperial mosques lining its hills.
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Izumi-ku, Yokohama
Izumi-ku (泉区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 155,674 and a density of 6,620 persons per km². The total area was 23.51 km².
Izumi Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and on the central-western borders of the city of Yokohama. The area is largely flatland, with scattered small hills.
The area around present-day Izumi Ward has been inhabited continuously for thousands of years. Archaeologists have found stone tools from the Japanese Paleolithic period and ceramic shards from the Jomon period, and tombs from the Kofun period at numerous locations in the area. Under the Nara period Ritsuryō system, it became part of Kamakura and Kōza Districts in Sagami Province. In the Heian period, it was divided between shōen controlled by the Ōba clan and the Kamakura clan (of which Kamakura Gongorō Kagemasa was the most illustrious member). By the Kamakura period, much of the area was farmland supporting the population of nearby Kamakura. During the Edo period, the territory came under the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu. It was administered as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto.
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Izumino Station
Izumino Station (いずみ野駅, Izumino-eki?) is a commuter railway station on the Sagami Railway's Izumino Line located in Izumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 6.0 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Futamatagawa Station.
Izumino Station was opened on April 8, 1976 as the terminal station for the Izumino Line. On April 4, 1990, the line was further extended to Izumi-chūō.
Izumino Station has a two island platforms serving four tracks, connected to the station building by an overpass. The station building is elevated, and is built on top of the platforms and tracks.
Coordinates: 35°25′46″N 139°29′42″E / 35.42944°N 139.495°E / 35.42944; 139.495
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Jakarta
Jakarta ( /dʒəˈkɑrtə/), officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre, and with a population of 10,187,595 as of November 2011, it is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabekjur, is the second largest in the world, yet the city's suburbs still continue beyond it. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. and has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi)
Based on Brooking Institute survey about growth, in 2011 Jakarta ranked 17th among the world's 200 largest cities, a significant jumps from 2007 when Jakarta ranked 171st. Jakarta has seen more rapid growth than Kuala Lumpur, Beijing and Bangkok.
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Japan
Japani/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Johannesburg
Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜrɡ/; Afrikaans: [joˈhɑnəsbʏrx]) also known as Jozi, Jo'burg or eGoli, is the largest city in South Africa, by population. Johannesburg is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa. The city is one of the 50 largest metropolitan areas in the world, and is also the world's largest city not situated on a river, lake, or coastline. It claims to be the lightning capital of the world, though this title is also claimed by others.
While Johannesburg is not one of South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the Constitutional Court, which has the final word on interpretation of South Africa's new post-Apartheid constitution. The city is the source of a large-scale gold and diamond trade, due to its location on the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills. Johannesburg is served by O.R. Tambo International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in Africa and a gateway for international air travel to and from the rest of Southern Africa. More recently Lanseria International Airport has started international flights, and is situated conveniently on the opposite side of the metropolis.
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Kagoshima
Kagoshima (鹿児島市, Kagoshima-shi?) is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwestern tip of the island of Kyushu in Japan, and the largest city in the prefecture by some margin. It has been nicknamed the "Naples of the Eastern world" for its bay location (Aira Caldera), hot climate, and impressive stratovolcano, Sakurajima.
As of 1 January 2010, the city had an estimated population of 605,855 and a density of 1,107.49 persons per km². The total area is 546.71 km². In 2003, the city had an estimated population of only 554,136 and density of 1,911.41 persons per km². The total area was 289.91 km².
The city's total area nearly doubled between 2003 and 2005 as a result of five towns—the towns of Kōriyama and Matsumoto, both from Hioki District, the town of Kiire, from Ibusuki District, and the towns of Sakurajima and Yoshida, both from Kagoshima District—merging into Kagoshima on November 1, 2004.
Kagoshima is approximately 40 minutes from Kagoshima Airport, and the city features large shopping districts and malls, is served by trams, and has many restaurants featuring Satsuma Province regional cuisine: kibi (a kind of tiny fish), tonkatsu (caramelized pork, as opposed to the breaded version encountered elsewhere in Japan), smoked eel, and karukan (sweet cakes made from steamed yams and rice flour). A large, modern aquarium has been installed on the old docks overlooking the volcano. The Sengan-en (Isoteien) Japanese garden is just outside the city.
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Kaisei, Kanagawa
Kaisei (開成町, Kaisei-machi?) is a town located in Ashigarakami District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 16,263 and a density of 2,470 persons per km². The total area was 6.56 km². It is the smallest town in Kanagawa Prefecture in terms of area.
The area of modern Kaisei was part of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province during the Edo period. After the Meiji Restoration, the area became part of Ashigarakami District in Kanagawa Prefecture and was divided into several villages. The town of Kaisei was founded on February 2, 1955 through the merger of Sakata village and Yoshidajima village. It was connected by train on March 14, 1985.
The economy of Kaisei is based primarily on agriculture and foresty. The main industry is a factory owned by Fujifilm.
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Kamakura, Kanagawa
Kamakura (鎌倉市, Kamakura-shi?) is a city located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south-south-west of Tokyo. It used to be also called Renpu (鎌府?) (short for Kamakura Bakufu (鎌倉幕府, or Kamakura Shogunate?)).
Although Kamakura proper is today rather small, it is often described in history books as a former de facto capital of Japan as the seat of the Shogunate and of the Regency during the Kamakura Period. Yet, despite Kamakura's annihilation of Kyoto-based political and military power at the Battle of Dan-no-ura in 1185, and the failure of the Emperor to free himself from Kamakura's control during the Jōkyū War, Takahashi (2005) has questioned whether Kamakura's nationwide political hegemony actually existed. Takahashi claims that if Kamakura ruled the Kantō, not only was the Emperor in fact still the ruler of Kansai, but during this period the city was in many ways politically and administratively still under the ancient capital of Kyoto. Kamakura was simply a rival center of political, economic and cultural power in a country that had Kyoto as its capital.
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Kami-Ōoka Station
Kamiōoka Station (上大岡駅, Kamiōoka-eki?) is an interchange station located in Kōnan-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. It is served by the Keihin Electric Express Railway ’s Keikyū Main Line and the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 30.8 rail kilometers from the northern terminus of the Keikyū Main Line at Shinagawa Station and 13.8 rail kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Kamiōoka Station was opened on April 1, 1930 as a station on the Shōnan Electric Railway. The station building was rebuilt in 1963 to include a department store. The Yokohama Municipal Subway connected to Kamiōoka on December 16, 1972. A new station building was built from 1996-1998. Platform screen doors were installed at the underground platforms in September 2007.
Kamiōoka Station is served by the following lines:
Keikyū Kamiōoka Station is an elevated station with two island platforms serving four tracks. The underground Blue Line station has a single island platform and two tracks.
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Kaminagaya Station
Kaminagaya Station (上永谷駅, Kaminagaya-eki?) is an above-ground metro station located in Kōnan-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 11.0 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Kaminagaya Station was opened on September 4, 1976, initially as a terminal station the Blue Line. The line was extended on to Maioka Station on March 14, 1985. Platform screen doors were installed in September 2007.
Kaminagaya Station is an elevated station with two above-ground island platforms serving four tracks. The platforms are on the third floor, with the exit gates and station building below.
Coordinates: 35°24′5″N 139°34′21.5″E / 35.40139°N 139.572639°E / 35.40139; 139.572639
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Kamoi Station
Kamoi Station (鴨居駅, Kamoi-eki?) is a commuter railway station on the East Japan Railway Company's Yokohama Line located in Midori Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 10.9 kilometers from the terminus of the Yokohama Line at Higashi-Kanagawa Station.
Kamoi Station was opened on December 25, 1962 as a station on the Japanese National Railways (JNR). With the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the operational control of JR East. A new station building was completed in 1998.
Kamoi Station has a single island platform serving two elevated tracks.
Coordinates: 35°30′39.1″N 139°34′1.5″E / 35.510861°N 139.567083°E / 35.510861; 139.567083
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Kanagawa Prefecture
Kanagawa Prefecture (神奈川県, Kanagawa-ken?) is a prefecture located in the southern Kantō region of Japan. The capital is Yokohama. Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area.
The prefecture has some archaeological sites going back to the Jōmon period (around 400 BC). About 3,000 years ago, Mount Hakone produced a volcanic explosion which resulted in Lake Ashi on the western area of the prefecture.
It is believed[by whom?] that the Yamato Dynasty ruled this area from 5th century onwards. In the ancient era, its plains were very sparsely inhabited.
Kamakura in central Sagami was the capital of Japan during the Kamakura period (1185–1333).
In medieval Japan, Kanagawa was part of the provinces of Sagami and Musashi.
During the Edo period, the western part of Sagami Province was governed by the daimyo of Odawara Castle, while the eastern part was directly governed by the Tokugawa Shogunate in Edo (Tokyo).
Commodore Matthew Perry landed in Kanagawa in 1853 and 1854 and signed the Convention of Kanagawa to force open Japanese ports to the United States. Yokohama, the largest deep-water port in Tokyo Bay, was opened to foreign traders in 1859 after several more years of foreign pressure, and eventually developed into the largest trading port in Japan. Nearby Yokosuka, closer to the mouth of Tokyo Bay, developed as a naval port and now serves as headquarters for the U.S. 7th Fleet and the fleet operations of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. After the Meiji Period, many foreigners lived in Yokohama City, and visited Hakone. The Meiji Government developed the first railways in Japan, from Shinbashi (in Tokyo) to Yokohama in 1872.
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Kannai Station
Kannai Station (関内駅, Kannai-eki?) is a railway station in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the Yokohama Municipal Subway.
Kannai Station is served by the Negishi Line with through services to and from the Keihin-Tōhoku Line and Yokohama Line. It lies 3.0 km from the terminus of the Negishi Line at Yokohama Station and 62.1 km from the terminus of the Keihin-Tōhoku Line at Ōmiya Station. It is also served by the Yokohama Subway Blue Line, and is 19.7 km from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai.
JR Kannai Station is an elevated station with two opposed side platforms, connected to the station building below by underpasses. The Yokohama Municipal Subway Blue Line Station is located on the 2nd & 3rd underground floors, north of the main station. It has two island platforms serving three tracks. Platform one is not used due to the curvature of the line, and there is no corresponding track. Platforms 2 and 4 are in regular use, and platform 3 is used only during rush hours.
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Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō-chihō?) is a geographical area of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. The region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Saitama, Tokyo, Chiba, and Kanagawa. Within its boundaries, slightly more than 40 percent of the land area is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form the land borders. In official census count on October 1, 2010 by the Japan Statistics Bureau, the population was 42,607,376 s amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
The heartland of feudal power during the Kamakura period and again in the Edo period, Kantō became the center of modern development. Within the Greater Tokyo Area and especially the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area, Kantō houses not only Japan's seat of government but also the nation's largest group of universities and cultural institutions, the greatest population, and a large industrial zone. Although most of the Kantō plain is used for residential, commercial, or industrial construction, it is still farmed. Rice is the principal crop, although the zone around Tokyo and Yokohama has been landscaped to grow garden produce for the metropolitan market.
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Karachi
Karachi ( Karācī (help·info), Urdu: کراچی; Sindhi: ڪراچي) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 13 million. Results in April 2012 of Pakistan's latest census initial tabulations show that the district is home to over 21 million people, at a density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometer (15,500 per square mile). Karachi is the most populous city in the country, one of the world's largest cities in terms of population and also the 10th largest urban agglomeration in the world. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Muslim world.
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Kashiwa, Chiba
Kashiwa (柏市, Kashiwa-shi?) is a city located in northern Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of February 2011, the city had an estimated population of 404,820 and a population density of 3520 persons per km². The total area was 114.90 km².
Kashiwa is located in the far northwestern corner of Chiba Prefecture.
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Katakurachō Station
Katakurachō Station (片倉町駅, Katakurachō-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 3). It is 26.7 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Katakurachō Station was opened on March 14, 1985. Platform screen doors were installed in April 2007.
Katakurachō Station has a dual opposed side platforms serving two tracks, located four stories underground.
Coordinates: 35°29′24.74″N 139°36′23.44″E / 35.4902056°N 139.6065111°E / 35.4902056; 139.6065111
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Kawawachō Station
Kawawachō Station (川和町駅, Kawawachō-eki?) is metro station located in Tsuzuki Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is served by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Green Line (Line 4) and is 1.7 kilometers from the terminus of the Green Line at Nakayama Station.
Kawawachō Station opened on March 30, 2008 when the Green Line started operation.
Kawawachō Station is an above ground station with a single island platform serving four elevated tracks. The station building is located underneath the tracks and platform. The platform is numbered Platform 3 and Platform 4. There is no Platform 1 or Platform 2, and these tracks are used as a rail yard for to removal of train carriages from the main rail lines of the Green Line.
Media related to Kawawachō Station at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 35°31′41″N 139°32′55″E / 35.5281°N 139.5487°E / 35.5281; 139.5487
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Kibōgaoka Station
Kibōgaoka Station (希望ヶ丘駅, Kibōgaoka-eki ?) is a railway station on the Sagami Railway Main Line located in the Asahi Wardd of the city of Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 12.2 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Yokohama Station.
Kibōgaoka Station was opened on March 26, 1948. The current station building was completed on March 26, 2000.
Kibōgaoka Station has a two opposed side platforms serving two tracks. The platforms connected by an overpass to the station building. The station building is elevated, and located above the platforms and tracks.
Coordinates: 35°27′37″N 139°30′52″E / 35.4604078°N 139.514308°E / 35.4604078; 139.514308
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Kikuna Station
Kikuna Station (菊名駅, Kikuna-eki?) is a commuter railway station on the East Japan Railway Company's Yokohama Line and on the Tokyu Corporation’s Tōkyū Tōyoko Line located in Kanagawa Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 4.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Yokohama Line at Higashi-Kanagawa Station and 18.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line at Shibuya Station.
Kikuna Station was opened on February 14, 1926 as a station on the privately-held Tokyo-Yokohama Railway Company (the predecessor to the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line). The Japanese Government Railways (the predecessor to the JNR) began operations to Kikuna on September 1 of the same year. All freight operations were suspended from 1970. In 1972, Tōkyū Tōyoko Line portion of the station was rebuilt, with new elevated tracks and a new station building; however, the tracks remained unused until the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line connected to the station in 1988. With the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the JNR portion of the station came under the operational control of JR East. The Tōkyū Tōyoko Line platforms were lengthened in 1991 to accommodate seven-car trains.
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Kinshasa
Kinshasa (formerly French Léopoldville, and Dutch Leopoldstad (help·info)) is the capital and the largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the Congo River.
Once a site of fishing villages, Kinshasa is now an urban area with a population of nearly 10 million inhabitants. It faces the capital of the neighbouring Republic of Congo, Brazzaville which can be seen in the distance across the wide Congo River. Because the administrative boundaries cover such a vast area, over 60% of the city's land is rural in nature, and the urban area only occupies a small section in the far western end of the province.
Kinshasa holds the status of the second largest city in Africa, after Cairo.
Residents of Kinshasa are known as Kinois (in French and sometimes in English) or Kinshasans (English).
The city was founded as a trading post by Henry Morton Stanley in 1881 and named Léopoldville in honor of King Leopold II of Belgium, who controlled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, not as a colony but as a private property. The post flourished as the first navigable port on the Congo River above Livingstone Falls, a series of rapids over 300 kilometres (190 mi) below Leopoldville. At first, all goods arriving by sea or being sent by sea had to be carried by porters between Léopoldville and Matadi, the port below the rapids and 150 km (93 mi) from the coast. The completion of the Matadi-Kinshasa portage railway in 1898 provided a faster and more efficient alternative route around the rapids and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the town of Boma in the Congo estuary.
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Kishine-kōen Station
Kishine-kōen Station (岸根公園駅, Kishine-kōen-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Kōhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 3). It is 27.9 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Kishine-kōen Station was opened on March 14, 1985. Platform screen doors were installed in April 2007.
Kishine-kōen Station has a dual opposed side platforms serving two tracks, located three stories underground.
Coordinates: 35°29′45.75″N 139°37′01.43″E / 35.4960417°N 139.6170639°E / 35.4960417; 139.6170639
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Kita-Yamata Station
Kita-Yamata Station (北山田駅, Kita-Yamata-eki?) is a metro station located in Tsuzuki Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is served by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Green Line (Line 4) and is 7.4 kilometers from the terminus of the Green Line at Nakayama Station.
Kita-Yamata Station opened on March 30, 2008 when the Green Line started operation.
Kita-Yamata Station has a single underground island platform serving two tracks located four stories underground.
Media related to Kita-Yamata Station at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 35°33′39.61″N 139°35′33.36″E / 35.5610028°N 139.5926°E / 35.5610028; 139.5926
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Kiyokawa, Kanagawa
Kiyokawa (清川村, Kiyokawa-mura?) is a village located in Aikō District, Kanagawa, Japan. As of 2010, the village had an estimated population of 3,556and a density of 49.9 persons per km². The total area is 71.29 km².
Kiyokawa is located in the footills of northwestern Kanagawa Prefecture. Much of the village is in the Tanzawa Mountains.
Kiyokawa Village was established on September 30, 1956 through the merger of former Susugaya and Miyagase villages. The completion of the Miyagase Dam in 1965 submerged much of former Miyagase Village, forcing the relocation of its inhabitants to other locations within Kiyokawa Village and neighboring Aikawa Town.
Kiyokawa has no connections with the Japanese national highway or railway systems. Access is by Kanagawa Prefectural Routes 60, 64, 70 or 514.
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Kobe
Kobe (神戸市, Kōbe-shi?, Japanese pronunciation: [koːbe]), is the fifth-largest city in Japan and is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture on the southern side of the main island of Honshū, approximately 30 km (19 mi) west of Osaka. With a population of about 1.5 million, the city is part of the Keihanshin (Keihanshin) metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kyoto.
The earliest written records regarding the region come from the Nihon Shoki, which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201. For most of its history the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa Period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa Shogunate. Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889. Its name comes from "kanbe" (神戸?), an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine. Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.
Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city. While the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake diminished much of Kobe's prominence as a port city, it remains Japan's fourth busiest container port. Companies headquartered in Kobe include ASICS, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and Kobe Steel, as well as over 100 international corporations with Asia or Japan headquarters in the city such as Procter & Gamble, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Nestlé. The city is the point of origin and namesake of Kobe beef as well as the site of one of Japan's most famous hot spring resorts, Arima Onsen.
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Koganechō Station
Koganechō Station (黄金町駅, Koganechō-eki?) is a railway station operated by the Keikyū Keikyū Main Line located in Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located 25.6 rail kilometers from the northern terminus of the Keikyū Main Line at Shinagawa Station, in Tokyo.
Koganechō Station was opened on April 1, 1930.
Koganechō Station is an elevated station with a single island platform serving two tracks. The platform is long enough to accommodate 8-car trains.
Coordinates: 35°26′23″N 139°37′22″E / 35.4396°N 139.6227°E / 35.4396; 139.6227
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Kokudō Station
Kokudō Station (国道駅, Kokudō-eki?) is a railway station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
Kokudō Station is served by the Tsurumi Line, and is 0.9 kilometers from the terminus at Tsurumi Station.
Kokudō Station has two opposed side platforms serving two tracks.
Kokudō Station was opened on October 28, 1930 as a station on the privately-held Tsurumi Rinkō Railway (鶴見臨港鉄道, Tsurumi Rinkō Tetsudō?) for passenger operations only. The Tsurumi Rinkō line was nationalized on July 1, 1943 at which time the stop was elevated into status to that of a full station. The station was later absorbed into the Japan National Railways (JNR) network. In 1949, the station was used as a location setting for the Akira Kurosawa movie Stray Dog. The station has been unstaffed since March 1, 1971. Upon the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987 the station has been operated by JR East.
Media related to Kokudō Station at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 35°30′02″N 139°40′32″E / 35.5006°N 139.6756°E / 35.5006; 139.6756
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Kolkata
Kolkata /kɒlˈkætə/, or Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.
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Kozukue Station
Kozukue Station (小机駅, Kozukue-eki?) is a commuter railway station on the East Japan Railway Company's Yokohama Line located in Kōhoku Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 7.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Yokohama Line at Higashi-Kanagawa Station.
Kozukue Station was opened on September 23, 1908 as a station on the privately-held Yokohama Railway Company. The line was acquired by the Japanese government in 1910, and merged into the Japanese Government Railways system (the predecessor to the JNR from October 1. 1917. The station building was destroyed in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake and rebuilt in 1925. All freight operations were suspended from 1972. With the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the operational control of JR East. A new station building was completed in 1998.
Kozukue Station has a single island platforms and a side platform serving three elevated tracks.
Coordinates: 35°30′30.8″N 139°36′0.2″E / 35.508556°N 139.600056°E / 35.508556; 139.600056
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Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is the federal capital and most populous city in Malaysia. The city covers an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 1.6 million as of 2012.Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in the country, in terms of population and economy.
Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia. The city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999. Some sections of the judiciary still remains in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is also situated in Kuala Lumpur. Rated as an alpha world city, Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a key city. Kuala Lumpur was ranked 48th among global cities by Foreign Policy's 2010 Global Cities Index and was ranked 67th among global cities for economic and social innovation by the 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index in 2010.
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Kyoto
Kyoto (京都市, Kyōto-shi?, "Capital City") (Japanese pronunciation: [kʲoːto] ( listen)) is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area.
Although archaeological evidence places the first human settlement on the islands of Japan to approximately 10,000 BC, relatively little is known about human activity in the area before the 6th century AD, around which time the Shimogamo Shrine is believed to have been established. During the 8th century, when powerful Buddhist clergy became involved in the affairs of the Imperial government, the Emperor chose to relocate the capital to a region far from the Buddhist influence. Emperor Kammu selected the village of Uda, at the time in the Kadono district of Yamashiro Province, for this honor.
The new city, Heian-kyō (平安京, "tranquility and peace capital"), a scaled replica of the then Tang capital Chang'an, became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. Although military rulers established their governments either in Kyoto (Muromachi shogunate) or in other cities such as Kamakura (Kamakura shogunate) and Edo (Tokugawa shogunate), Kyoto remained Japan's capital until the transfer of the imperial court to Tokyo in 1869 at the time of the Imperial Restoration. (Some believe that it is still a legal capital: see Capital of Japan.)
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Kōnan-Chūō Station
Kōnan-Chūō Station (港南中央駅, Kōnan-Chūō-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Kōnan-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 12.7 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Kōnan-Chūō Station was opened on September 4, 1976. Platform screen doors were installed in September 2007.
Kōnan-Chūō Station has two opposed side platforms serving two tracks. The platforms are on the second floor underground, with the exit gates and station building on the first floor underground.
Coordinates: 35°24′03.78″N 139°35′27.45″E / 35.40105°N 139.5909583°E / 35.40105; 139.5909583
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Kōnan-ku, Yokohama
Kōnan-ku (港南区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 221,536 and a density of 11,150 persons per km². The total area was 19.87 km².
Kōnan is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and south of the geographic center of the city of Yokohama.
The area around present-day Kōnan Ward was part of Kuraki District in Musashi Province until the end of the Edo period, and was tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto.
After the Meiji Restoration, the area was transferred to the new Kanagawa Prefecture, and during the cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, Kamiooka village and several other villages were established. On October 1, 1927 the area was annexed by the neighboring city of Yokohama, becoming part of Naka Ward. The Shōnan Electric Railway, the predecessor to the Keikyū Main Line began operations from April 1, 1935 leading to the rapid urbanization of the area. In a major administrative reorganization of October 1, 1969, Kōnan was separated from Naka Ward, and became an independent Ward within Yokohama. The population exceeded 100,000 in ay 1970, and 200,000 in June 1984.
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Kōnandai Station
Kōnandai Station (港南台駅, Kōnandai-eki?) is a railway station operated by JR East's Negishi Line located in Kōnan-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It is 16.0 kilometers from the terminus of the Negishi Line at Yokohama Station and 75.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Keihin-Tōhoku Line at Ōmiya Station.
The area around Kōnandai Station was controlled by the American military in the post-war era. The property was returned to the Japanese government by 1965 and developed into a housing district. The Japan National Railways (JNR) Keihin-Tōhoku Line was extended from its former terminus at Yōkōdai Station through to Ōfuna Station in 1973, and Kōnandai Station was opened on 9 April 1973. The station came under the management of JR East on April 1, 1987 after the privatization of the JNR.
Kōnandai Station has an island platform serving two tracks. The platforms are connected to the station building by an overpass.
Coordinates: 35°22′31″N 139°34′36.1″E / 35.37528°N 139.576694°E / 35.37528; 139.576694
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Lagos
Lagos (/ˈleɪɡɒs/ LAY-gos) is a port city and the most populous city in Nigeria. Officially, the population of Lagos was last recorded at 7,937,932. Lagos is the second fastest growing city in Africa and the 7th fastest in the world. Lagos was originally inhabited by the Awori subgroup of the Yoruba people. Under the leadership of their Olofin, the Awori moved to an island now called Iddo and then to the larger Lagos Island. In the 15th century, the Awori settlement was attacked by the Benin Empire following a quarrel, and the island became a Benin war-camp called "Eko" under Oba Orhogba, the Oba of Benin at the time.
Lagos is a huge metropolis which originated on islands separated by creeks, such as Lagos Island, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon whilst protected from the Atlantic Ocean by long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to 100 km east and west of the mouth. From the beginning, Lagos has expanded on the mainland west of the lagoon and the conurbation, including Ikeja and Agege, now reaches more than 40 km north-west of Lagos Island. Some suburbs include Ikorodu, Epe and Badagry, and more local councils have recently been created, bringing the total number of local governments in Lagos to 57.
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Lahore
Lahore (Punjabi: لہور, Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a main cultural centre of Pakistan. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains an economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub.
Lahore successively served as regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th centuries the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh expansion in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. The traditional capital of Punjab for a thousand years, Lahore was the cultural center of the northern Indian subcontinent which extends from the eastern banks of the Indus River to New Delhi. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are tourist attractions. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Indo-Saracenic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office, Lahore Museum and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. The Lahore Zoo, thought to be the fourth oldest in the world, is also situated here.
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Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population approaching 9 million, Lima is the fifth largest city in Latin America, behind Mexico City, São Paulo, Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. Lima is home to one of the largest financial hubs in Latin America. It has been defined as a beta world city by GaWC international ranking.
Lima was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro on January 18, 1535, as la Ciudad de los Reyes, or "the City of Kings". It became the capital and most important city in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. Following the Peruvian War of Independence, it became the capital of the Republic of Peru. Today, around one-third of the Peruvian population lives in the metropolitan area.
Lima is home to one of the oldest higher learning institutions in the New World. The National University of San Marcos, founded on May 12, 1551 during Spanish colonial regime, is the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Maioka Station
Maioka Station (舞岡駅, Maioka-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 9.0 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Maioka Station was opened on March 14, 1985, as a terminal station the Blue Line. The line was extended to Totsuka by March 24, 1987. Platform screen doors were installed in September 2007.
Maioka Station has a two underground opposed side platforms.
Coordinates: 35°24′9″N 139°33′4″E / 35.4025°N 139.55111°E / 35.4025; 139.55111
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Manazuru, Kanagawa
Manazuru (真鶴町, Manazuru-machi?) is a town located in Ashigarashimo District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 8,235 and a density of 1,180 persons per km². The total area was 7.02 km².
Manazuru is located on a small Manazuru peninsula on Sagami Bay in the far southwestern corner of Kanagawa Prefecture.
As with the rest of Ashigarashimo District, the area now comprising modern Manazuru was part of Sagami Province under control of the late Hōjō clan in the Sengoku period, and part of Odawara Domain during the Edo period. During this time, it was known for high quality stones for construction. After the Meiji Restoration, Manazuru was established as a village in 1889. On October 1, 1927 Manazuru village was elevated to town status. On September 30, 1956, neighboring Iwa village was merged into Manazuru. A proposal to merge Manazuru into neighboring Yugawara was overwhelmingly rejected by a citizen's referendum in 2005.
The economy of Manazuru is based on tourism, and it also functions as a bedroom community for nearby Odawara. The hilly, stony peninsula is not suited for agriculture, but cultivation of mikan as well as commercial fishing also contribute to the local economy.
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Matsuda, Kanagawa
Matsuda (松田町, Matsuda-machi?) is a town located in Ashigarakami District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 11,716 and a density of 312 persons per km2. The total land area of the town is 37.75 km2.
Matsuda is located in hilly western Kanagawa Prefecture, within the Tanzawa Mountains.Since the town lies on an active fault, the local government has been preparing for a possible magnitude-8 earthquake in the upcoming century.
During the Edo period area around present-day Matsuda was part of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province. After the Meiji Restoration, it became part of Ashigarakami District in Kanagawa Prefecture. On April 1, 1889 Ashikagakami District was administratively divided into several villages, including the villages of Yadoriki and Matsuda. The growth of Matsuda was favored by the opening of Matsuda Station the same year, and it attained town status on April 1, 1909. Shin-Matsuda Station opened in 1927. On April 1, 1955 Yadoriki merged into Matsuda. A new town charter was promulgated in 1989, leading to the "Matsuda Plan 21" in the year 2001.
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Matsumoto, Nagano
Matsumoto (松本市, Matsumoto-shi?) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Matsumoto is designated as a Special City.
The new city of Matsumoto is the city comprising the mergers of the old city of Matsumoto and four villages. Matsumoto officially absorbed those villages without creating a new municipal organization.
Matsumoto is surrounded by mountains and is acclaimed for its beautiful views. Hiking and climbing locations in the mountains are readily accessible by local bus transportation. Matsumoto has several historic features, such as Matsumoto Castle (松本城, Matsumoto-jō?), Kaichi School Museum (Kaichi gakkō), and Temari (traditional Japanese handball).
Matsumoto is attractive to travellers not only because of the traditional culture but also its calm climate and its products. Matsumoto soba is famous and many are delighted by its delicate taste. Just north of Matsumoto is the world's largest wasabi farm. Wasabi can only be grown in extremely clean water so there is much local pride in this product. In addition, Matsumoto is home to the Saito Kinen Festival Matsumoto, held every August by conductor Seiji Ozawa and featuring the Saito Kinen Orchestra; regular guests have included Robert Mann and Mstislav Rostropovich. It is very difficult to get tickets: Many people wait in line two days before tickets go on sale.
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Metro Manila
Metropolitan Manila (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan), the National Capital Region (NCR) (Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon), or simply Metro Manila, is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines. It is composed of 16 cities, namely City of Manila, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Pasig, Parañaque, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, plus the smaller Municipality of Pateros.
The region is the political, economic, social, cultural, and educational center of the Philippines. As proclaimed by Presidential Decree No. 940, Metro Manila as a whole is the Philippines' seat of government but the City of Manila is the capital. The largest city in the metropolis is Quezon City, while the largest business district is the Makati Central Business District.
Metro Manila is the most populous of the twelve defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines and the 11th most populous in the world. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 11,855,975, comprising 13% of the national population. The sum total population of provinces with a provincial density above 700 people per square kilometer (more than double the national average) in a contiguous zone with Metro Manila is 25.5 million people as of the 2007 census, one way to refer to the conurbation around Metro Manila is Greater Manila.
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Mexico City
Mexico City ( /ˈmɛksɨkoʊ ˈsɪti/; Spanish: Ciudad de México [sjuˈðað ðe ˈmexiko], also known as México D.F., or simply D.F.) is the Federal District (Distrito Federal), capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the country's largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center.
As an "alpha" global city Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in North America. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen boroughs.
The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was around 8.84 million people, and has a land area of 1,485 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Mexico City metropolitan area population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the fifth largest agglomeration in the world.
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Midori-ku, Yokohama
Midori-ku (緑区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 176,038 and a density of 6,900 persons per km². The total area was 25.42 km².
Midori Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and on the northwest borders of the city of Yokohama. Except for the northeast portion, much of the area is hilly and relatively sparsely populated compared to other parts of the city. The flatter northeast portion is located on the Tsurumi River basin, with the river serving as a ward boundary with Tsuzuki-ku.
The area around present-day Midori Ward was formerly part of Tsuzuki District in Musashi Province. During the Edo period, it was a rural region classified as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. After the Meiji Restoration, the area became part of the new Kanagawa Prefecture in 1868. In the cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, the area was divided into numerous villages. During the Meiji period, the area was a center for sericulture. On April 1, 1939, Tsuzuki District was annexed by the neighboring city of Yokohama. In a major administrative reorganization of October 1, 1969, Midori emerged as an independent ward within the city of Yokohama. In 1980, a portion of Midori Ward was transferred to Seya Ward. In 1994, Midori-ku was divided into the present-dau Midori-ku, and Aoba-ku and Tsuzuki-ku.
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Minami-ku, Yokohama
Minami-ku (南区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 197,019 and a density of 15,550 persons per km². The total area was 12.67 km².
Minami Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and south of the geographic center of the city of Yokohama. Large buildings and apartment complexes are built up along the area surrounding the highways and railways in the Ward; and all other parts of the Ward are residential areas. The Ōoka River is the major river in the Ward, and in spring many cherry blossoms come into full bloom on its banks. Gumyō-ji, located in the southern part of the ward, is the oldest Buddhist temple in Yokohama.
Part of the domains of the Miura clan during and after the Kamakura period, the area of present-day Minami Ward was part of the tenryō territory in Musashi Province controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. During the Bakumatsu period, the area was the site of the 1863 Idogaya Incident in which anti-foreign ronin assassinated a soldier of the French mission in Yokohama, precipitating a diplomatic incident.
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Minami-Ōta Station
Minami-Ōta Station (南太田駅, Minami-Ōta-eki?) is a railway station operated by the Keikyū Keikyū Main Line located in Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located 26.5 rail kilometers from the northern terminus of the Keikyū Main Line at Shinagawa Station, in Tokyo.
Minami-Ōta Station was opened on April 1, 1930.
Minami-Ōta Station is an elevated station with a dual opposed side platforms serving two tracks on passing loops to permit the through passage of express trains.
Coordinates: 35°26′12.87″N 139°36′51.11″E / 35.4369083°N 139.6141972°E / 35.4369083; 139.6141972
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Minato Mirai
Minato Mirai 21 (みなとみらい21, Minato Mirai Nijūichi?), often shortened to Minato Mirai or MM is a large urban development in Yokohama, Japan. The Minato Mirai 21 area was designated to be a new urban center planned to connect Yokohama's traditional important areas of Kannai and the Yokohama Station area.
Minato Mirai 21 was originally proposed as one of Yokohama's six major development plans by the mayor of Yokohama, Ichio Asukata, in 1965. After several assessments and review sessions, actual construction started in 1983. The area where it is located was once known as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd's Yokohama shipyard and the Japanese National Railways classification yard, Takashima wharf and Shinko wharf of Port of Yokohama. Conducted as an Urban Renewal and reclaimed land project, the port and the industrial area once divided the two city centers of Kannai and Yokohama Station, but now the area has become a new business district in Yokohama. The name Minato Mirai 21 means "Port of the Future [in] the 21[st century]", which was selected by a public opinion poll.
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Minato Mirai 21
Minato Mirai 21 (みなとみらい21, Minato Mirai Nijūichi?), often shortened to Minato Mirai or MM is a large urban development in Yokohama, Japan. The Minato Mirai 21 area was designated to be a new urban center planned to connect Yokohama's traditional important areas of Kannai and the Yokohama Station area.
Minato Mirai 21 was originally proposed as one of Yokohama's six major development plans by the mayor of Yokohama, Ichio Asukata, in 1965. After several assessments and review sessions, actual construction started in 1983. The area where it is located was once known as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd's Yokohama shipyard and the Japanese National Railways classification yard, Takashima wharf and Shinko wharf of Port of Yokohama. Conducted as an Urban Renewal and reclaimed land project, the port and the industrial area once divided the two city centers of Kannai and Yokohama Station, but now the area has become a new business district in Yokohama. The name Minato Mirai 21 means "Port of the Future [in] the 21[st century]", which was selected by a public opinion poll.
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Minato Mirai Station
Minatomirai Station (みなとみらい駅, Minatomirai-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan operated by the Yokohama Minatomirai Railway.
Minatomirai Station is served by the Minatomirai Line, and is located 1.7 kilometers from the terminus of the Minatomirai Line at Yokohama Station. Trains inter-run with the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line from Shibuya Station.
Minatomirai Station is an underground station with a single island platform serving two tracks. The station is located directly below the Queen's Square shopping complex.
Minatomirai Station opened on February 1, 2004 with the opening of the Minatomirai Line.
Media related to Minatomirai Station at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 35°27′28.53″N 139°37′56.33″E / 35.457925°N 139.6323139°E / 35.457925; 139.6323139
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Mitsukyō Station
Mitsukyō Station (三ツ境駅, Mitsukyō-eki?) is a railway station on the Sagami Railway Main Line located in the Seya Ward of the city of Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 13.6 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Yokohama Station.
Mitsukyō Station was opened on May 12, 1926 as a station of the Jinchū Railway, the predecessor to the current Sagami Railway Main Line. The current station building was completed on October, 1986.
Mitsukyō Station has a two opposed side platforms serving two tracks. The platforms connected by an overpass to the station building. The station building is elevated, and located above the platforms and tracks.
Coordinates: 35°28′04″N 139°30′10″E / 35.4677481°N 139.5028281°E / 35.4677481; 139.5028281
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Miura, Kanagawa
Miura (三浦市, Miura-shi?) is a city located in central Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 44,238 and a population density of 1,490 persons per km². The total area is 32.28 km².
Miura is located on the very southern portion of the Miura Peninsula in south-east Kanagawa Prefecture, surrounded on three sides by the Pacific Ocean, with Sagami Bay to the west. To the south of the urban area and port is the island of Jōgashima, connected to the city by a bridge. It is a popular destination for weekend tourism. The Jōgashima Lighthouse was built by the French engineer Léonce Verny at the end of the 19th century.
The area of modern Miura has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Archaeologists have uncovered numerous remains from the Japanese paleolithic, Jōmon and Yayoi periods. From the late Heian period through the end of the Sengoku period, the area was ruled by the Miura clan. During the Edo period, it was tenryō territory ruled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration, the town of Misaki within Miura District, Kanagawa was created on April 1, 1889. The town was electrified in 1913, but did not have running water until 1934.
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Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki
Miyamae-ku (宮前区?) is one of the 7 wards of the city of Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 217,251 and a density of 11,670 persons per km². The total area was 18.61 km². In 1995, the Ward adopted a motto which could be translated as "We like people; we like nature; we like our town".
Miyamae Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, in the south-center portion of the city of Kawasaki, bordering on Yokohama.
Archaeologists have found numerous Kofun period remains at numerous locations in what is now Miyamae-ku, indicating a long period of human settlement. Under the Nara period Ritsuryō system, it became part of Tachibana District Musashi Province. In the Edo period, it was administered as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. Due to its proximity to Edo, it was primarily an agricultural and horticultural area supplying produce to the city. After the Meiji Restoration, the area was divided into Miyamae Village and Mukaoka Village within Tachibana District in the new Kanagawa Prefecture on April 1, 1889. These areas were annexed by the neighboring city of Kawasaki in 1938. The area became part of a huge government sponsored housing project from the 1950s and 1960s. In April 1972, the area became part of Takatsu Ward with the division of the city of Kawasaki into wards. In July 1982, Miyamae Ward was separated from Takatsu Ward.
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Moscow
Moscow ( /ˈmɒskaʊ/ or /ˈmɒskoʊ/; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskva; IPA: [mɐˈskva] (
listen)) is the capital and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural and scientific center of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the northernmost megacity on Earth, the most populous city in Europe, and the 6th largest city proper in the world. Its population, according to the results of the 2010 Census, is 11,503,501. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow has the largest community of billionaires in the world.
Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia. In the course of its history the city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site of the Moscow Kremlin, an ancient fortress that is today the residence of the Russian President and of the executive branch of the Government of Russia. The Kremlin is also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in Moscow.
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Motomachi, Yokohama
Motomachi (元町?) is a district of Naka Ward in Yokohama, Japan, located immediately west of Yamate and east of Chinatown. It consists mainly of the Motomachi Shopping Street, a five-block long stretch of boutiques and shops, well known in Japan for its cosmopolitan atmosphere, original fashion, and Western influence.
Motomachi was originally a quiet farming and fishing village until 1859, when the Port of Yokohama was opened. Since then, the close-by Kannai district became the foreigners' business district, and the adjacent Yamate and Yamashitacho districts became the foreigners' residential districts. Situated in-between, with Yamate to the east, and Kannai and Yamashitacho to the west, Motomachi became frequented by many foreigners. Shops and businesses were opened, catering to the needs of foreigners.
Soon after the start of the Meiji era, the number of foreign residents increased. And western influence became more evident in Motomachi, with the opening of many cafés, bakeries, and boutiques. Such shops were uncommon in Japan at the time, and Motomachi helped introduce Western culture into Japan, as part of what is called bunmei kaika (文明開化?). This was the beginning of the Motomachi Shopping Street as it is known as of 2008.
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Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
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Mutsuura Station
Mutsuura Station (六浦駅, Mutsuura-eki?) is a railway station operated by Keikyū Zushi Line located in Kanazawa ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located 1.3 rail kilometers from the Kanazawa Hakkei junction, and 42.2 rail kilometers from the opposing northern terminus at Shinagawa Station.
Mutsuura Station opened on February 15, 1943 as a station on the Tokyu Corporation's Shōnan Line, the predecessor to the current Keihin Electric Express Railway. Initially, use the station was intended to service the nearby Ikego Munitions Depot, and its use was restricted to personnel of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The station was also located 500 meters closer to Shin-Zushi than its present position. In 1948, the Keihin Electric Railway spun out from the Tokyu Corporation, and the station was relocated to its present address on March 1, 1949. A new station building was completed in 1970.
Mutsuura Station has dual opposed side platforms connected by an overpass. One track is dual gauge
Coordinates: 35°19′22″N 139°36′41″E / 35.3228°N 139.6113°E / 35.3228; 139.6113
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Myōrenji Station
Myōrenji Station (妙蓮寺駅, Myōrenji-eki?) is a railway station on the Tokyu Corporation's Tōyoko Line located in located in Kōhoku Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 20.2 kilometers from the terminus of the Tōyoko Line at Shibuya Station. It is in front of Myōrenji Buddhist temple.
Myōrenji Station was opened on February 14, 1926 as Myōrenji-mae Station (妙蓮寺前駅, Myōrenjimae-eki?). It was renamed to its present name on January 1, 1931.
This station is served by following line:
Myōrenji Station has two elevated opposed side platforms, with the station building underneath.
Coordinates: 35°29′55″N 139°37′59″E / 35.498474°N 139.633138°E / 35.498474; 139.633138
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Nagasaki
Nagasaki (長崎市, Nagasaki-shi?) ( listen (help·info)) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. Nagasaki was founded by the Portuguese in the second half of the 16th century on the site of a small fishing village, formerly part of Nishisonogi District. It became a center of Portuguese and other European peoples' influence in the 16th through 19th centuries, and the Churches and Christian Sites in Nagasaki have been proposed for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Part of Nagasaki was home to a major Imperial Japanese Navy base during the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War. Its name means "long cape".
During World War II, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and, to date, last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack.
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Nagatsuta Station
Nagatsuta Station (長津田駅, Nagatsuta-eki?) is an interchange railway station located in Midori Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is served by the East Japan Railway Company's Yokohama Line, and is 17.9 kilometers from the terminus of the Yokohama Line at Higashi-Kanagawa Station. It is also served by the Tokyu Corporation’s Den-en-toshi Line, and is 25.6 kilometers from that line’s terminus at Shibuya Station. In addition, Nagatsuta is the terminus of the Yokohama Minatomirai Railway’s Kodomonokuni Line.
Nagatsuta Station was opened on September 23, 1908 as a station on the privately-held Yokohama Railway Company. The line was acquired by the Japanese government in 1910, and merged into the Japanese Government Railways system (the predecessor to the JNR) from October 1. 1917. Up until the end of World War II, access to the station was limited to military personnel due to the proximity of armaments factories and arsenals in the area. All freight operations were suspended from 1960. On April 1, 1966, the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line began operations to Nagatsuta. This was followed by the Kodomonokuni Line on April 1, 1967. With the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the operational control of JR East.
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Nagoya
Nagoya (名古屋市, Nagoya-shi?) is the largest city in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. (Tokyo is not a single incorporated city - see Tokyo for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.)
Located on the Pacific coast on central Honshu, it is the capital of Aichi Prefecture and is one of Japan's major ports along with those of Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama, Chiba, and Kitakyushu. It is also the center of Japan's third largest metropolitan region, known as the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area. As of 2000, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area has 8.74 million people, of which 2.27 million live in the city of Nagoya.
The city's name was historically written as 那古野 or 名護屋 (both read as Nagoya). One possible etymology for the city's name is the adjective なごやか (nagoyaka), meaning 'peaceful'. [2]
The name Chūkyō (中京) is also used (chū (middle) + kyō (capital)), since it is the main city of the central Chūbu region. Various things are named after Chūkyō, for example the Chūkyō Industrial Area, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area, Chūkyō Television Broadcasting, Chukyo University and the Chukyo Racecourse.
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Nagoya, Aichi
Nagoya (名古屋市, Nagoya-shi?) is the largest city in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. (Tokyo is not a single incorporated city - see Tokyo for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.)
Located on the Pacific coast on central Honshu, it is the capital of Aichi Prefecture and is one of Japan's major ports along with those of Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama, Chiba, and Kitakyushu. It is also the center of Japan's third largest metropolitan region, known as the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area. As of 2000, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area has 8.74 million people, of which 2.27 million live in the city of Nagoya.
The city's name was historically written as 那古野 or 名護屋 (both read as Nagoya). One possible etymology for the city's name is the adjective なごやか (nagoyaka), meaning 'peaceful'. [2]
The name Chūkyō (中京) is also used (chū (middle) + kyō (capital)), since it is the main city of the central Chūbu region. Various things are named after Chūkyō, for example the Chūkyō Industrial Area, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area, Chūkyō Television Broadcasting, Chukyo University and the Chukyo Racecourse.
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Naha, Okinawa
Naha (那覇市, Naha-shi?, Okinawan: Naafa) is the capital city of the Okinawa Prefecture in Japan.
Naha is a coastal city located on the East China Sea coast of the southern part of Okinawa Island, the largest of Okinawa Prefecture. The modern city was officially founded on May 20, 1921, but prior to that Naha had already been for centuries one of the most important and populous sites in Okinawa.
Naha is the political, economic and educational center of Okinawa Prefecture. In the medieval and early modern periods, it was also the commercial center of the Ryūkyū Kingdom.
Central Naha consists of the Palette Kumoji shopping mall, the Okinawa Prefecture Office, Naha City Hall, and many banks and corporations, located at the west end of Kokusai-dōri, the city's main street. Kokusai-dōri (国際通り, "International Avenue"?) boasts a mile (1.6 km) long stretch of stores, restaurants and bars. Kokusai-dōri ends at the main bus terminal in Okinawa, and is served by several stations along the Okinawa Monorail, the only train system in the prefecture.
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Naka-ku, Yokohama
Naka-ku (中区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 146,563and a density of 7,080 persons per km². The total area was 20.86 km².
Naka Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and east of the geographic center of the city of Yokohama. Its name means "central ward." It is host to the Yokohama city hall and the headquarters of the Kanagawa prefectural government. The northern part of the ward is flat. The central part includes highlands in the interior; this area is known as Yamate (山手?), and has long been a residential area. Along the shore lies reclaimed land upon which port facilities, part of the Minato Mirai 21 complex, and Yamashita Park were built. To the south are the piers, oil refineries and the central port of Yokohama. The Nakamura River, a branch of the Ōoka River, cuts across the northern part of the ward. The northernmost and southernmost points are upland.
In the Edo period, the area of present-day Naka Ward was part of the tenryō territory in Musashi Province controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. In the Bakumatsu Period, the signing of the Kanagawa Treaty provided for the opening of treaty ports, and the area of what is now central Naka Ward was designated as open to foreign settlement in 1859. The Yokohama Cricket Club (now Yokohama Country & Athletic Club) was established in 1868. Yokohama Chinatown was also established during this period.
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Nakada Station
Nakada Station (中田駅, Nakada-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Izumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 4.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Nakada Station was opened on August 29, 1999. Platform screen doors were installed in September 2007.
Nakada Station has a single underground island platform, located three stories underneath an above-ground station building. The exit gates are two stories underground, and parking lot is on the first story underground.
Coordinates: 35°24′40.15″N 139°30′41.08″E / 35.4111528°N 139.5114111°E / 35.4111528; 139.5114111
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Nakai, Kanagawa
Nakai (中井町, Nakai-machi?) is a town located in Ashigarakami District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2009, the town had an estimated population of 10,042 and a density of 502 persons per km². The total area was 20.02 km².
Nakai is located in the hills of western Kanagawa Prefecture.
During the Edo period, the area around present-day Nakai was part of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province. After the Meiji Restoration, it became part of Ashigarakami District in Kanagawa Prefecture. Nakai village was formed on April 1, 1889. It merged with neighboring Iguchi village on April 1, 1908. The village was elevated to town status on December 1, 1958.
The town economy is primarily agricultural, with dairy farming, mandarin oranges predominating. An industrial zone established near the Tōmei Expressway has attracted a number of industries, including Fuji Xerox, Terumo and Nippon Express.
Nakai has no train service, and is not on a national highway, although the Tōmei Expressway bisects the town. Nakai can be reached by Kanagawa Prefectural Route 71 or 77.
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Nakamachidai Station
Nakamachidai Station (仲町台駅, Nakamachidai-eki?) is an above-ground metro station located in Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 3). It is 34.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Nakamachidai Station was opened on March 18, 1993. Platform screen doors were installed in April 2007.
Nakamachidai Station has two opposed side platforms serving two tracks. The ground-level station building is located underneath the tracks and platforms.
Coordinates: 35°32′07.11″N 139°35′22.14″E / 35.5353083°N 139.5894833°E / 35.5353083; 139.5894833
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Namamugi Incident
The Namamugi Incident (生麦事件, Namamugi-jiken?) (also known sometimes as the Kanagawa Incident, and as the Richardson Affair) was a samurai assault on foreign nationals in Japan on September 14, 1862, which resulted in the August 1863 bombardment of Kagoshima, during the Late Tokugawa shogunate. In Japanese the bombardment is described as a war between the United Kingdom and Satsuma domain, the Anglo-Satsuma War.
Four British subjects (a Shanghai merchant named Charles Lennox Richardson, two other Yokohama-based merchants, Woodthorpe Charles Clark and William Marshall, and Mrs. Margaret Watson Borradaile) were travelling for a jaunt on the Tōkaidō road through the village of Namamugi (now part of Tsurumi ward, Yokohama) en route to Kawasaki Daishi temple in present-day Kawasaki. The party had departed the treaty port of Yokohama at 2:30 pm by boat, crossing Yokohama harbour to Kanagawa village, to meet up with their horses, which had been sent ahead.
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Namamugi Station
Namamugi Station (生麦駅, Namamugi-eki?) is a railway station operated by the Keikyū Keikyū Main Line located in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located 16.9 rail kilometers from the northern terminus of the Keikyū Main Line at Shinagawa Station, in Tokyo.
Namamugi Station opened on December 24, 1905. The station was rebuilt as an elevated station in November 1967.
Namamugi Station is an elevated station with a single island platform and a single side platforms serving three tracks, with the middle track on a passing loop.
Coordinates: 35°29′44″N 139°40′03″E / 35.4956°N 139.6675°E / 35.4956; 139.6675
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Nambu-Shijō Station
Nambu-Shijo Station (南部市場駅) is a station on the Kanazawa Seaside Line, located in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It opened on 5 July 1989.
Coordinates: 35°22′48″N 139°37′59″E / 35.3800°N 139.6331°E / 35.3800; 139.6331
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Namiki-Chūō Station
Namiki-Chuo Station (並木中央駅) is a station on the Kanazawa Seaside Line, located in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It opened on 5 July 1989.
Coordinates: 35°21′55″N 139°38′35″E / 35.3653°N 139.6431°E / 35.3653; 139.6431
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Namiki-Kita Station
Namiki-Kita Station (並木北駅) is a station on the Kanazawa Seaside Line, located in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It opened on 5 July 1989.
Coordinates: 35°22′20″N 139°38′33″E / 35.3721°N 139.6426°E / 35.3721; 139.6426
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Nihon-ōdōri Station
Nihon-ōdōri Station (日本大通り駅, Nihon-ōdōri-eki?), is an underground metro station located in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan operated by the Yokohama Minatomirai Railway’s Minatomirai Line. It is 3.2 kilometers from the terminus of the Minatomirai Line at Yokohama Station. Its official name is Nihon-ōdōri (Kenchō-Ōsanbashi) Station (日本大通り（県庁・大さん橋）駅, Nihon-ōdōri (Kenchō-Ōsanbashi)-eki?), including the sub-name in parentheses. Trains inter-run with the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line from Shibuya Station.
Nihon-ōdōri Station opened on February 1, 2004 with the opening of the Minatomirai Line.
Nihon-ōdōri Station is an underground station with a single island platform serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°26′48.46″N 139°38′33.53″E / 35.4467944°N 139.6426472°E / 35.4467944; 139.6426472
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Ninomiya, Kanagawa
Ninomiya (二宮町, Ninomiya-machi?) is a town located in Naka District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 29,709 and a density of 3,270 persons per km². The total area was 9.08 km².
Ninomiya is located on the coast of west-central Kanagawa Prefecture, bordered to the south by Sagami Bay of the Pacific Ocean.
Ninomiya was the location of the second-highest ranked shrine in Sagami Province, Kawawa Shrine, which is mentioned in Heian period records, and claims to have been established by the semi-legendary Emperor Suinin. As a minor coastal settlement, it was under the control of the late Hōjō clan of Odawara during the Sengoku period. In the Edo period, it was nominally part of Odawara Domain. After the Meiji Restoration and with the establishment of the district system in 1878, the area came under the control of Yurugi District (淘綾郡, Yurugi-gun?). In April 1889, Ninomiya village merged with four neighboring villages to form Azuma and on March 26, 1896 Yurugi District became part of modern Naka District. Azuma was elevated to town status on November 3, 1935 and was renamed Ninomiya.
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Nippa Station
Nippa Station (新羽駅, Nippa-eki?) is an above-ground metro station located in Kōhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 3). It is 31.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Nippa Station was opened on March 18, 1993. Platform screen doors were installed in April 2007.
Nippa Station has two elevated island platforms serving four tracks. The ground-level station building is located underneath the tracks and platforms. The inner Tracks 2 and 3 are used for services originating at Nippa Station
Coordinates: 35°31′39.32″N 139°36′42.42″E / 35.5275889°N 139.6117833°E / 35.5275889; 139.6117833
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Nishi-ku, Yokohama
Nishi-ku (西区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 93,027 and a density of 13,210 persons per km². The total area was 7.04 km².
Nishi Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and near the geographic center of the city of Yokohama. It is the smallest of the wards of the city in terms of area, but it includes the major commercial hub of Yokohama extending from the Yokohama Station area through the new Minato Mirai 21 complex, which is home to the Yokohama Landmark Tower, the tallest building in Japan. The ward consists of central lowlands through which the Tōkaidō Main Line and Route 1 pass. The northernmost and southernmost points are upland. The Minato Mirai complex is built on reclaimed land.
Part of the domains of the Miura clan during and after the Kamakura period, the area of present-day Nishi Ward was part of the tenryō territory in Musashi Province controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. Parts of the territories of Kanagawa-juku and Hodogaya-juku, post stations on the Tōkaidō are within the borders of the present Ward. After the Meiji Restoration, the area was divided between the new Tachibana and Kuraki Districts in Kanagawa Prefecture and further divided into numerous villages. Yokohama's wards were established on October 10, 1927, with this area becoming part of the Kanagawa and Naka Wards. On April 1, 1944, Nishi became an independent ward within the city of Yokohama.
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Nishiya Station
Nishiya Station (西谷駅, Nishiya-eki?) is a railway station located in Hodogaya Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 6.9 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Yokohama Station.
Nishiya Station was opened on December 1, 1926.
Nishiya Station has two island platforms serving four tracks, connected to the station building by an overpass.
Coordinates: 35°28′41″N 139°33′56″E / 35.477997°N 139.565683°E / 35.477997; 139.565683
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Nojimakōen Station
Nojimakoen Station (野島公園駅) is a station on the Kanazawa Seaside Line, located in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It opened on 5 July 1989.
Coordinates: 35°19′50″N 139°37′53″E / 35.3305°N 139.6313°E / 35.3305; 139.6313
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Nōkendai Station
Nōkendai Station (能見台駅, Nōkendai-eki?) is a railway station operated by the Keikyū Keikyū Main Line located in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located 37.4 rail kilometers from the northern terminus of the Keikyū Main Line at Shinagawa Station, in Tokyo.
Nōkendai Station was opened on May 10, 1944 as Yatsuzaka Station (谷津坂駅, Yatsuzaka-eki?). It was relocated to its present address and rebuilt as an elevated station in 1969. a new station building and bus terminal was completed on December 1, 1982 and the station renamed to its present name at that time.
Nōkendai Station is an elevated station with a dual opposed side platforms serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°21′39″N 139°37′45″E / 35.3607°N 139.6292°E / 35.3607; 139.6292
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Odessa
Odessa (Russian: Одесса, pronounced [ɐˈdʲesːə]) or Odesa (Ukrainian: Одеса, pronounced [ɔˈdɛsɑ]) is the third largest city in Ukraine, with a population of 1,003,705. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast.
The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement, was founded by Hacı I Giray, the Khan of Crimea, in 1240 and originally named after him as "Hacıbey"[citation needed]. After a period of Lithuanian control, it passed into the domain of the Ottoman Sultan in 1529 and remained in Ottoman hands until the Ottoman Empire's defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1792. The city of Odessa was founded by a decree of the Empress Catherine the Great in 1794. From 1819 to 1858 Odessa was a free port. During the Soviet period it was the most important port of trade in the Soviet Union and a Soviet naval base. On 1 January 2000 the Quarantine Pier of Odessa trade sea port was declared a free port and free economic zone for a term of 25 years.
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Odoriba Station
Odoriba Station (踊場駅, Odoriba-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Izumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 5.7 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Odoriba Station was opened on August 29, 1999. An ATO system has been operational at the station since January 20, 2007. Platform screen doors were installed in September 2007.
Odoriba Station has a single underground island platform.
Coordinates: 35°24′20″N 139°31′7″E / 35.40556°N 139.51861°E / 35.40556; 139.51861
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Onda Station
Onda Station (恩田駅, Onda-eki?) is a railway station operated by Yokohama Minatomirai Railway's Kodomonokuni Line located in Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 1.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Kodomonokuni Line at Nagatsuta Station.
Onda Station was opened on March 29, 2000.
Onda Station has an elevated island platform serving two tracks. The station building is normally unattended.
Coordinates: 35°32′44″N 139°29′32″E / 35.5456°N 139.4923°E / 35.5456; 139.4923
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Osaka
Osaka (大阪, Ōsaka?) listen (help·info) is a city in the Kansai region of Japan's main island of Honshu, a designated city under the Local Autonomy Law, the capital city of Osaka Prefecture and also the biggest part of Keihanshin area, which is represented by three major cities of Japan, Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe. Located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, Osaka is the third largest city by population after Tokyo (special wards) and Yokohama.
Keihanshin is the second largest area in Japan by population and one of the largest metropolitan areas highly ranked in the world, with nearly 18 million people, and by GDP the second largest area in Japan and the seventh largest area in the world.
Historically the commercial centre of Japan, Osaka functions as one of the command centers for the Japanese economy. The ratio between daytime and night time population is 141%, the highest in Japan, highlighting its status as an economic center. Its nighttime population is 2.6 million, the third in the country, but in daytime the population surges to 3.7 million, second only after Tokyo (combining the Special wards of Tokyo, which is not a single incorporated city, for statistical purposes. See the Tokyo article for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.) Osaka used to be referred to as the "nation's kitchen" (天下の台所, tenka no daidokoro?) in feudal Edo period because it was the centre of trading for rice, creating the first modern futures exchange market in the world.
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Philippines
The Philippinesi/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.
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Port of Yokohama
The Port of Yokohama (横浜港, Yokohama-kō?) is operated by the Port and Harbor Bureau of the City of Yokohama in Japan. It opens onto Tokyo Bay. The port is located at a latitude of 35.27.–00°N and a longitude of 139.38–46°E. To the south lies the Port of Yokosuka; to the north, the ports of Kawasaki and Tokyo.
Yokohama Port has ten major piers. Honmoku Pier is the port's core facility with 24 berths.[1] Osanbashi Pier handles passenger traffic including cruises, and has customs, immigration and quarantine facilities for international travel.[2]. Detamachi, the "banana pier," is outfitted for receiving fresh fruits and vegetables.[3] Daikoku Pier, on an artificial island measuring 321 hectares, houses a million square meters of warehouse space.[4] Seven berths of Mizuho Pier are used by the United States Forces Japan.[5] Additional piers handle timber and serve other functions.
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce of 1858 specified Kanagawa as an open port. The Port of Yokohama opened the following year. The port was devastated by the Great Kantō Earthquake of 1923.
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Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ deɪ ʒəˈnɛəroʊ/ or /ˈriːoʊ deɪ dʒəˈnɛəroʊ/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒaˈnejɾu],River of January), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th largest in the Americas, and 26th in the world.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."
Rio de Janeiro represents the second largest GDP in the country (and 30th largest in the world in 2008), estimated at about R$ 343 billion (IBGE/2008) (nearly US$ 201 billion), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies – Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production – according to 2005 data.
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Romania
Romania (i/roʊˈmeɪniə/ roh-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Roumania; or Rumania;Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] ( listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and Moldova to the northeast and east, and Bulgaria to the south.
At 238,400 square kilometers (92,000 sq mi), Romania is the ninth largest country of the European Union by area, and has the seventh largest population of the European Union with over 19 million people. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, the tenth largest city in the EU with about two million people.
The Kingdom of Romania emerged when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united under Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza in 1859. Independence from the Ottoman Empire was declared on 9 May 1877, and was internationally recognized the following year. At the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of Romania. Greater Romania emerged into an era of progression and prosperity that would continue until World War II. By the end of the War, many north-eastern areas of Romania's territories were occupied by the Soviet Union, and Romania forcibly became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact.
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Ruhr
The Ruhr (German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott, Pott or Revier), is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 7100/km² and a population of some 7.3 million, it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany. It consists of several large, formerly industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to the north. In the Southwest it borders to the Bergisches Land. It is considered part of the larger Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region of more than 12 million people.
Since the Ruhr is polycentric, coordinates shown are general in nature and so can be used to focus on the entire region of the Ruhr: 51°30′N 7°30′E / 51.5°N 7.5°E / 51.5; 7.5.
From west to east, the region includes the cities of Duisburg, Oberhausen, Bottrop, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Herne, Hagen, Dortmund, and Hamm, as well as parts of the more "rural" districts Wesel, Recklinghausen, Unna and Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis. Historically, the western Ruhr towns, such as Duisburg and Essen, belonged to the historic region of the Rhineland, whereas the eastern part of the Ruhr, including Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Dortmund and Hamm, were part of the region of Westphalia. Since the 19th century, these districts have grown together into a large complex with a vast industrial landscape, inhabited by some 7.3 million people (when including Düsseldorf and Wuppertal). It is the fifth largest urban area in Europe after Istanbul, Moscow, London and Paris.
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Sachiura Station
Sachiura Station (幸浦駅) is a station on the Kanazawa Seaside Line, located in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It opened on 5 July 1989.
Coordinates: 35°21′30″N 139°38′37″E / 35.3584°N 139.6436°E / 35.3584; 139.6436
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Sagamihara
Sagamihara (相模原市, Sagamihara-shi?) is a city located in north central Kanagawa Prefecture, bordering Tokyo, Japan. It is the third most populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki, and the fifth most populous suburb of Greater Tokyo. Its northern neighbor is Machida, with which a cross-prefectural merger has been proposed. As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 712,883 and a population density of 2,170 persons per km². The total area was 328.84 km².
On April 1, 2010, the city became the nation's 19th city designated by government ordinance. As a result of this, the city established three wards: Midori-ku, Chūō-ku and Minami-ku.
Sagamihara covers a large area of northwestern Kanagawa Prefecture. The main areas of commercial activity in Sagamihara are located near Hashimoto Station on the JR East Yokohama Line and Keio Sagamihara Line; Sagamihara Station on the Yokohama Line; and Sagami-Ōno Station on the Odakyū Odawara Line. Western Sagamihara is within the Tanzawa Mountains.
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Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki
Sawai-ku (幸区?) is one of the 7 wards of the city of Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 153,255 and a density of 15,250 persons per km². The total area was 10.05 km².
Saiwai Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, in the center portion of the city of Kawasaki, bordering on Tokyo to the north and Yokohama to the south.
Archaeologists have found numerous Kofun period remains at numerous locations in what is now Saiwai-ku, indicating a long period of human settlement. Under the Nara period Ritsuryō system, it became part of Tachibana District Musashi Province. In the Edo period, it was administered as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto, and was the center of a prosperous farming area adjacent to Kawasaki-juku, a post station on the Tokaido highway connecting Edo with Kyoto. After the Meiji Restoration, the area urbanized due to its proximity to Kawasaki Station on the Tokaido Main Line. Saiwai Village within Tachibana District in the new Kanagawa Prefecture was created on April 1, 1889 through the merger of eight smaller hamlets. In the early twentieth century, the area was dominated by factories; notably Meiji Sugar and Toshiba. The area was largely destroyed by the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923, but was soon rebuilt. The area was annexed by the neighboring city of Kawasaki in two stages in 1927 and in 1937. The area was heavily damaged by American bombing during World War II.
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Sakae-ku, Yokohama
Sakae-ku (栄区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 124,845 and a density of 6,750 persons per km². The total area was 18.55 km².
Sakae Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and on the southwestern borders of the city of Yokohama. The area is largely flatland, with scattered small hills.
The area around present-day Sakae Ward has been inhabited continuously for thousands of years. Archaeologists have found stone tools from the Japanese Paleolithic period and ceramic shards from the Jomon period, house ruins from the Yayoi period and tombs from the Kofun period at numerous locations in the area. Under the Nara period Ritsuryō system, it became part of Kamakura District in Sagami Province. By the Kamakura period, much of the area was farmland supporting the population of nearby Kamakura. Most of the area came under the control of the Nagao clan, the ancestors of the Uesugi clan. During the Edo period, the territory came under the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu. It was administered as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto.
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Sakuragichō Station
Sakuragichō Station (桜木町駅, Sakuragichō-eki?), is a railway station located in Naka Ward, Yokohama, Japan.
Sakuragichō Station is served by the following lines.
The JR East platforms are located in the above-ground portion of Sakuragichō Station.
The Yokohama City Subway is located on the 4th underground floor, south of the main station.
Sakuragichō is one of Japan's oldest stations. It opened on June 12, 1872 as Yokohama Station when the service between Shinagawa and Yokohama provisionally started. The station was renamed Sakuragichō Station on August 15, 1915 when the next Yokohama Station opened (near Takashimachō Station).
Between March 31, 1932 and January 30, 2004, Sakuragichō Station was the terminus of the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line.
On April 24, 1951, a 63 series Keihin Line (now part of the Negishi Line) train approaching the station caught fire when the train hit a loose overhead wire and caused a short circuit. The fire killed 106 and injured 92.
The station is located near the Minato Mirai 21 district and Landmark Tower, Japan's tallest skyscraper.
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Samukawa, Kanagawa
Samukawa (寒川町, Samukawa-machi?) is a town located in Kōza District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 47,739 and a density of 3,560 persons per km². The total area was 13.42 km².
Samukawa is located in the flatlands of central Kanagawa Prefecture. The Sagami River passes through the town.
The village of Samukawa was founded in 1889. It was linked with Chigasaki Station by the Sagami Line in 1921. A spur line extending from Samukawa to the west led to development of housing and industry, increasing the population of Samukawa such that by 1940 it was granted town status. The Sagami Naval Arsenal of the Imperial Japanese Navy was located in Samukawa until the end of World War II. In 2002, a large quantity of mustard gas was found buried under its former site.
Samukawa has a mixed economy. Industry includes factories operated by Nissan Kohki, a subsidiary of Nissan Motors producing automotive engines.
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San Diego
San Diego /ˌsæn diːˈeɪɡoʊ/ is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the U.S. Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology enclave. The population was 1,301,617 at the 2010 census.
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission of San Diego, founded in 1769, were the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of newly independent Mexico, and in 1850, became part of the United States following the Mexican-American War and the admission of California to the union.
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Santiago
Santiago (Spanish: Santiago de Chile (help·info)), also Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile, and the center of its largest conurbation (Greater Santiago). It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of 520 m (1,706.04 ft) above mean sea level. Although Santiago is the capital, the National Congress of Chile meets in the coastal town of Valparaíso, 120 km to the west.
Chile's steady economic growth has transformed Santiago into Latin America's most modern metropolitan area, with extensive suburban development, dozens of shopping centers, and impressive high-rise architecture. It has a very modern transport infrastructure, including the steadily growing underground Santiago Metro, an effort at modernizing public bus transport and a free flow toll-based ring road and inner city highway system, part of which is tunneled underneath a large section of the city's main river Mapocho connecting the Eastern and Western end of the city in a 25-minute drive. Santiago is the regional headquarters to many multinationals and a financial center.
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Seoul
Seoul (Korean pronunciation: [sʌ.ul] ( listen), English /soʊl/), officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world. The Seoul National Capital Area is the world's second largest metropolitan area with over 25 million inhabitants, which includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province. Almost a quarter of South Koreans live in Seoul, half of South Koreans live in the metropolitan area, along with over 275,000 international residents.
Located in the Han River, Seoul has been a major settlement for over 2,000 years, with its foundation dating back to 18 B.C. when Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, established its capital in what is now south-east Seoul. It continued as the capital of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire. The Seoul National Capital Area is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeokgung, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty.
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Seya Station
Seya Station (瀬谷駅, Seya-eki?) is a railway station on the Sagami Railway Main Line located in the Seya Ward of the city of Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 15.5 kilometers from the northern terminus of the line at Yokohama Station.
Seya Station was opened on May 12, 1926 as a station of the Jinchū Railway, the predecessor to the current Sagami Railway Main Line. The current station building was completed on March 28, 2004.
Seya Station has a single side platform and a single island platform serving three tracks, although Track 3 is not in normal use. The platforms connected by an overpass to the station building. The station building is elevated, and located above the platforms and tracks.
Coordinates: 35°28′13″N 139°28′57″E / 35.4702995°N 139.4825077°E / 35.4702995; 139.4825077
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Seya-ku, Yokohama
Seya-ku (瀬谷区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 126,839 and a density of 7,390 persons per km². The total area was 17.16 km².
Seya Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and on the northwestern borders of the city of Yokohama. The area is largely flatland, with scattered small hills.
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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Shenzhen
Shenzhen (Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂə́ntʂə̂n]) is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones (SEZs). It currently also holds sub-provincial administrative status, with powers slightly less than a province.
Shenzhen's modern cityscape is the result of the vibrant economy made possible by rapid foreign investment since the institution of the policy of "reform and opening" establishment of the SEZ in the late 1979, before which it was only a small village. Both Chinese and foreign nationals have invested enormous amount of money in the Shenzhen SEZ. More than US$30 billion in foreign investment has gone into both foreign-owned and joint ventures, at first mainly in manufacturing but more recently in the service industries as well. Shenzhen is now reputedly considered as one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.
Being southern mainland China's major financial centre, Shenzhen is home to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous high-tech companies. Shenzhen is also the third-busiest container port in China, after Shanghai and Hong Kong.
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Shibuya, Tokyo
Shibuya (渋谷区, Shibuya-ku?) is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. As of 2008, it has an estimated population of 208,371 and a population density of 13,540 persons per km². The total area is 15.11 km².
The name "Shibuya" is also used to refer to the shopping district which surrounds Shibuya Station, one of Tokyo's busiest railway stations. This area is known as one of the fashion centers of Japan, particularly for young people, and as a major nightlife area.
Following the opening of the Yamanote Line in 1885, Shibuya began to emerge as a railway terminal for southwestern Tokyo and eventually as a major commercial and entertainment center. It was incorporated as a village in Minami-Toshima County (Toyotama County from 1896) in 1889, as a town in 1909, as a ward of Tokyo City in 1932, and as a ward of Tokyo Metropolis in 1943. The present-day special ward was established on March 15, 1947.
One of the most well-known stories concerning Shibuya is the story of Hachikō, a dog who waited on his late master at Shibuya Station every day from 1923 to 1935, eventually becoming a national celebrity for his loyalty. A statue of Hachikō was built adjacent to the station, and the surrounding Hachikō Square is now the most popular meeting point in the area.
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Shimoiida Station
Shimoiida Station (下飯田駅, Shimoida-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Izumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 1.6 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Shimoiida Station was opened on August 29, 1999. An ATO system has been operational at the station since January 20, 2007. Platform screen doors were installed in September 2007.
Shimoiida Station has a single underground island platform.
Coordinates: 35°24′12.56″N 139°28′59.46″E / 35.4034889°N 139.4831833°E / 35.4034889; 139.4831833
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Shimonagaya Station
Shimonagaya Station (下永谷駅, Shimonagaya-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Kōnan-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 9.7 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Shimonagaya Station was opened on March 14, 1985. Platform screen doors were installed in September 2007.
Shimonagaya Station has a two opposed side platforms, located three stories underground.
Coordinates: 35°24′09.64″N 139°33′33.80″E / 35.4026778°N 139.559389°E / 35.4026778; 139.559389
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Shin-Koyasu Station
Shin-Koyasu Station (新子安駅, Shin-koyasu-eki?) is a train station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) located in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
Shin-Koyasu Station is served by the Keihin-Tōhoku Line.
The station opened on 11 November 1943.
The station is a two-storied station structure with an island platform serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°29′13″N 139°39′17″E / 35.48694°N 139.65472°E / 35.48694; 139.65472
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Shin-Sugita Station
Shin-Sugita Station (新杉田駅, Shin-Sugita-eki?) is an interchange railway station operated by JR East's Negishi Line located in Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It is 11.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Negishi Line at Yokohama Station and 70.2 kilometers from the terminus of the Keihin-Tōhoku Line at Ōmiya Station. It is also a terminal station for the Kanazawa Seaside Line operated by the Yokohama New Transit Company.
The area around Shin-Sugita Station was formerly a rural pocket within downtown Yokohama. The property was developed into a large housing district in the early 1970s. The Japan National Railways (JNR) Keihin-Tōhoku Line was extended from its former terminus at Isogo Station, and Shin-Sugita Station was opened on 17 March 1970. The line was further extended to Ōfuna Station in 1973. The station came under the management of JR East on April 1, 1987 after the privatization of the JNR. A new station building was completed in 1989. On July 5, 1989, the Yokohama New Transit's Kanazawa Seaside Line began operations from Shin-Sugita Station to Kanazawa Hakkei. The station building was remodeled in 2007.
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Shinbashi
Shinbashi (新橋, lit. "New Bridge"?, sometimes transliterated Shimbashi) is a district of Minato, Tokyo, Japan, located south of Ginza, west of Tsukiji, east of Toranomon and north of Hamamatsucho.
Shinbashi was the Tokyo terminus of the first railway in Japan in 1872. It remains a major railway hub and has since developed as a commercial center, most recently with the construction of the Shiodome "Shiosite" high-rise office complex.
The Shiodome City Center building in Shiodome includes the corporate headquarters and public and investor relations offices of Fujitsu, the headquarters of All Nippon Airways, and the headquarters of ANA subsidiaries Air Nippon and ANA & JP Express. In addition ANA subsidiary Air Japan has some offices in Shiodome City Center. In the late 1960s All Nippon Airways had its headquarters in the Hikokan Building in Shinbashi.
Other companies in Shinbashi include:[citation needed]
In May 1967 the headquarters of Asatsu moved to Shinbashi. The headquarters moved to Ginza, Chuo in July 1995. In the late 1960s All Nippon Airways had its headquarters in the Hikokan Building in Shinbashi.
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Shinjuku, Tokyo
Shinjuku (新宿区, Shinjuku-ku?) is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. It is a major commercial and administrative centre, housing the busiest train station in the world (Shinjuku Station) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administration centre for the government of Tokyo.
As of 2008, the ward has an estimated population of 312,418 and a population density of 17,140 persons per km². The total area is 18.23 km².
Surrounding Shinjuku are six other wards: Chiyoda to the east; Bunkyo and Toshima to the north; Nakano to the west, and Shibuya and Minato to the south. In addition, Nerima is only a hundred meters away[citation needed]. The highest point in Shinjuku is Hakoneyama (箱根山?) in Toyama Park at 44.6 m[citation needed]. The lowest point is 4.2 m near Iidabashi[citation needed].
Although the area immediately surrounding Shinjuku Station is home to hotels, department stores, specialist electronic and camera shops, cinemas, restaurants, and bars, the rest of the city is a mix of residential with commercial areas concentrated around railway stations[citation needed].
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Shōnandai Station
Shōnandai Station (湘南台駅, Shōnandai eki?) is a joint use railway station located in Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by Odakyū Electric Railway, Sagami Railway (Sōtetsu), and Yokohama City Transportation Bureau (subway service). It is 15.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Odakyū Enoshima Line at Sagami-Ōno Station and is a terminal station for both the Sagami Railway Izumino Line and the Yokohama Subway Blue Line.
The ticket wickets of the three lines converge on one wide underground concourse.
Shōnandai Station was opened on November 7, 1966 as a station on the Odakyū Enoshima Line. The station was greatly expanded in 1999 with the addition of the Sagami Railway Izumino Line on March 10, and the Yokohama Subway Blue Line on August 29.
The Odakyū Enoshima Line has two elevated opposed side platforms, connected to the station building by an underpass. The Sōtetsu and Yokohama Municipal Subway stations are both underground, and both have a single island platform.
Coordinates: 35°23′46″N 139°28′00″E / 35.396185°N 139.466589°E / 35.396185; 139.466589
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São Paulo
São Paulo (/ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ( listen); Saint Paul;), popularly known as Sampa, is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among the five largest metropolitan areas on the planet. São Paulo is the capital of the state of São Paulo, which is the most populous Brazilian state, and exerts strong regional influence in commerce and finance as well as arts and entertainment. São Paulo maintains strong international influence and is considered an Alpha- World City. The name of the city honors Saint Paul.
The metropolis has significant cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It houses several important monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Museum of the Portuguese Language, São Paulo Museum of Art and the Ibirapuera Park. The Paulista Avenue is the most important financial center of São Paulo. The city holds many high profile events, like the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazil Grand Prix Formula 1 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, ATP Brasil Open, and the São Paulo Indy 300.
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Taipei
Taipei City (/ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/; [tʰǎipèi]; Chinese: 臺北市 or 台北市; pinyin: Táiběi Shì) is the capital of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Situated at the northern tip of the island of Taiwan, Taipei is located on the Tamsui River; it is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, a port city on the Pacific Ocean. It lies in the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung (基隆河) and Xindian (新店溪) rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border. The city proper (Taipei City) is home to an estimated 2,618,772 people. Taipei, New Taipei, and Keelung together form the Taipei metropolitan area with a population of 6,900,273. However, they are administered under different local governing bodies. "Taipei" sometimes refers to the whole metropolitan area, while "Taipei City" refers to the city proper. Taipei City proper is surrounded on all sides by New Taipei.
Taipei is the political, economic, and cultural center of Taiwan. The National Palace Museum which has one of the largest collections of Chinese artifacts and artworks in the world is located in Taipei. Considered to be a global city, Taipei is part of a major industrial area. Railways, high speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan.
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Taitō, Tokyo
Taitō (台東区, Taitō-ku?) is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. In English, it calls itself Taito City.
As of April 1, 2011, the ward has an estimated population of 168,909, with 94,908 households, and a population density of 16,745.86 persons per km². The total area is 10.08 km².
The ward was founded on March 15, 1947. During the Edo period, the Yoshiwara licensed quarter was in what is now Taitō.
Situated in the northeastern portion of the wards area of Tokyo, Taitō is surrounded by five other special wards: Chiyoda, Bunkyō, Arakawa, Sumida and Chūō.
Taitō is famous for its typical Shitamachi districts.
Taito operates public elementary and junior high schools.
Public high schools are operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education.
The school district of the metropolis also operates one metropolitan junior high school:
Taito operates several public libraries, including the Central Library, the Central Library Asakusabashi Branch, the Negishi Library, and the Ishihama Library. The Central Library is located in the first and second floors of the Lifelong Learning Center.
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Takashimachō Station
Takashimachō Station (高島町駅, Takashimachō-eki?) is a metro station located in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 3). It is 21.6 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Takashimachō Station was originally opened as a station on the Keihin Line (presently the Keihin-Tōhoku Line), the first electrified service between Tokyo and Yokohama, on December 20, 1914. The station was renamed Yokohama Station (横浜駅?) when services began on the Tōkaidō Main Line on August 15, 1915 with the original Yokohama Station renamed Sakuragichō Station (桜木町駅?). The station was connected to the Tokyo Yokohama Railway (present-day Tōkyū Tōyoko Line) on May 18, 1928; however, the Tokyo Yokohama Railway renamed its station Hon-Yokohama Station (本横浜駅?) on August 8, 1928. The JNR moved Yokohama Station (and the Tōkaidō Main Line) north to the current location, thereby ending its service here on October 15, 1928, and the station reverted to its original name of Takashimachō Station on January 20, 1931. On September 4, 1976 the underground station for the Yokohama Municipal Subway Line 3 was completed. The above-ground Tōyoko Line ceased operations to this station on January 31, 2004
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Tama-ku, Kawasaki
Tama-ku (多摩区?) is one of the eight wards of the city of Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward has an estimated population of 211,221 and a population density of 10,310 persons per km². The total area is 20.49 km².
Tama Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, in the far northeastern corner of the city of Kawasaki, bordering on Tokyo. It is bordered to the north by the Tama River
The area around present-day Tama Ward has been inhabited for thousands of years. Archaeologists have found kofun along the banks of the Tama River and at other locations in the Ward. Under the Nara period Ritsuryō system, it was divided between Tachibana District, Tama District and Tsutsuki District in Musashi Province. By the Heian period it was part of a shōen controlled by the Inage clan. By the Kamakura period, it was controlled by their descendants, the Ozawa clan, and in the Muromachi period by the Terao clan. During the Sengoku period, the area was a contested territory between the Uesugi clan and the Late Hōjō clan from Odawara, who emerged in control by 1530. The area was devastated by flooding when the Tama River shifted course to the north in 1590. After the defeat of the Hōjō at the Battle of Odawara, the territory came under the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu. It was administered as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. From 1725, the 52 villages of the area were a designated zone for Falconry by the Tokugawa shoguns, but suffered from repeated natural disasters: an earthquake in 1782, floods in 1786, famine in 1787, floods in 1790, 1791 and 1809 and earthquake in 1855.
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Tama-Plaza Station
Tama-Plaza Station (たまプラーザ駅, Tama-purāza-eki?) is a railway station operated by Tokyu Corporation's Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line located in the northeastern part of Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 17.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line at Shibuya Station.
Tama Plaza Station was opened on April 1, 1966. The station building was extensively remodeled in 2006 by the American firm Laguarda.Low Architects.
Tama Plaza Station has two opposed side platforms serving two tracks.
Tama-Plaza is sandwiched between Saginuma (located in Kawasaki) on one side and Azamino (located in Yokohama) on the other. In most respects, Tama-Plaza is quite the opposite to the cool urban chic of Shibuya. It is a somewhat upmarket station serving the recently-built commuter suburbs of northwestern Yokohama. It is noted for its relatively spacious, expensive houses and the Tokyu Department Store, both contributing to the spic-and-span ambiance. Convenient in terms of location, this area is home to many residents commuting to central Tokyo who wish to be close to the city but without the pollution, crowds and noise.
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Tammachi Station
Tammachi Station (反町駅, Tanmachi-eki?) is a railway station on the Tokyu Corporation's Tōyoko Line located in located in Kanagawa Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 23.2 kilometers from the terminus of the Tōyoko Line at Shibuya Station.
Tammachi Station was opened on February 14, 1926. It was rebuilt on January 31, 2006 as an underground station. The new station building opened on March 28, 2008.
Tammachi has a single island platform serving two tracks, located four stories underground from the station building.
Coordinates: 35°28′27″N 139°37′32″E / 35.474113°N 139.625432°E / 35.474113; 139.625432
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Tana Station
Tana Station (田奈駅, Tana-eki?) is a railway station operated by Tokyu Corporation's Den-en-toshi Line located in the Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 24.5 kilometers from the terminus of the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line at Shibuya Station.
Tana Station was opened on April 1, 1966.
Tana Station has two opposed elevated side platforms serving two tracks. The platforms are connected to the station building by underpasses.
Coordinates: 35°32′10.24″N 139°30′17.60″E / 35.5361778°N 139.504889°E / 35.5361778; 139.504889
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Tateba Station
Tateba Station (立場駅, Tateba-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Izumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 3.7 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Tateba Station was opened on August 29, 1999. Platform screen doors were installed in September 2007.
Tateba Station has a single underground island platform, located two stories underneath a large above-ground station building
Coordinates: 35°24′51.47″N 139°30′0.89″E / 35.4142972°N 139.5002472°E / 35.4142972; 139.5002472
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Tehran
Tehran ( pronunciation (help·info)) (Persian: تهران Tehrān; pronounced [tehˈɾɒːn]), sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, the largest city in Western Asia, one of the largest in Southern Asia, and the 19th-largest city globally.
In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to mass-migration of people from all around Iran. The city is home to many historic mosques, churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples. Contemporary Tehran is a modern city featuring many structures, of which the Azadi (Freedom) Tower and the Milad Tower have come to be symbols of Tehran itself. In 2008 Tehran was the least expensive capital in the world and the second-least expensive city globally based on the cost-of-living index presenting the best value for money in the world. Globally it stands 19th by city population, 56th by the size of its GDP and 29th by the population of its metropolitan area. Throughout Iran's history, the capital city has been relocated many times, with Tehran being the 32nd national capital of Iran. Persian is the city's native tongue, with roughly 98% of the population able to speak and understand it. The majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Tehran was called Ray (which in the Avesta occurs in the form of Ragha)[citation needed].
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Tennōchō Station
Tennōchō Station (天王町駅, Tennōchō-eki?) is a railway station located in Hodogaya Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 2.4 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Yokohama Station.
Tennōchō Station was opened on September 10, 1930. The station burned down on May 29, 1945, during the bombing of Yokohama in World War II. It was rebuilt in 1948. The current elevated station building was completed on March 27, 1968.
Tennōchō Station has a dual opposed side platforms serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°27′14″N 139°36′09″E / 35.453936°N 139.602596°E / 35.453936; 139.602596
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Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
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Tobe Station
Tobe Station (戸部駅, Tobe-eki?) is a railway station operated by the Keikyū Keikyū Main Line located in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located 23.4 rail kilometers from the northern terminus of the Keikyū Main Line at Shinagawa Station, in Tokyo.
Tobe Station was opened on December 26, 1931.
Tobe Station is an elevated station with a single island platform serving two tracks. The platform is short, and the station can accommodate only six-car long trains.
Coordinates: 35°27′23″N 139°37′11″E / 35.4565°N 139.6197°E / 35.4565; 139.6197
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Tokyo
Tokyo (東京, Tōkyō?, "Eastern Capital") [toːkʲoː], English /ˈtoʊki.oʊ/; officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to?), is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of the world. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture (東京府, Tōkyō-fu?) and the city of Tokyo (東京市, Tōkyō-shi?).
The Tokyo Metropolitan government administers the 23 special wards of Tokyo (each governed as a city), which cover the area that was the city of Tokyo, as well as 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the special wards is over 8 million people, with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million. The prefecture is part of the world's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 35 million people and the world's largest urban agglomeration economy with a GDP of US$1.479 trillion at purchasing power parity in 2008, ahead of New York City metropolitan area, which ranks second on the list. The city hosts 47 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest amount of any city.
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Tokyo Bay
Tokyo Bay (東京湾, Tōkyō-wan?) is a bay in the southern Kantō region of Japan. Its old name was Edo Bay (江戸湾, Edo-wan?).
Tokyo Bay is surrounded by the Bōsō Peninsula (Chiba Prefecture) to the east and the Miura Peninsula (Kanagawa Prefecture) to the west. In a narrow sense, Tokyo Bay is the area north of the straight line formed by the Cape Kannon (観音崎, Kannon-zaki?) on the Miura Peninsula on one end and Cape Futtsu (富津岬, Futtsu-misaki?) on the Boso Peninsula on the other end. This area covers about 922 km². Tokyo Bay in a broad sense includes also the Uraga Channel. The total area would then be 1320 km².
Tokyo Bay includes about 249 km² of reclaimed land area.
The only natural island in the Bay is Monkey Island (猿島, Saru-shima?), Yokosuka, Kanagawa. There are however many artificial islands that were built as naval fortification during the Meiji and Taishō period.
The ports of Tokyo, Chiba, Kawasaki, Yokohama, and Yokosuka are all located on Tokyo Bay. The port of Yokosuka contains the naval bases of United States Forces Japan and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.
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Torihama Station
Torihama Station (鳥浜駅) is a station on the Kanazawa Seaside Line, located in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It opened on July 5, 1989.
Coordinates: 35°22′38″N 139°38′30″E / 35.3772°N 139.6417°E / 35.3772; 139.6417
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Toronto
Toronto (/təˈrɒntoʊ/, colloquially /ˈtrɒnoʊ/) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from the Mississaugas of the New Credit. The settlement was later established as the Town of York and proclaimed as the new capital of Upper Canada by its lieutenant-governor, John Graves Simcoe. In 1834, York was incorporated as a city and renamed to its present name. The city was ransacked in the Battle of York during the War of 1812 and damaged in two great fires in 1849 and in 1904. Since its incorporation, Toronto has repeatedly expanded its borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities, most recently in 1998.
With over 2.6 million residents, it is the fifth most populous city in North America. Its metropolitan area has over 5.5 million residents. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which has a population of nearly 9 million people as of 2011. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,583,064, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 6,054,191 in the 2011 Census. Its cosmopolitan and international population reflects its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, with about 49% of the population born outside Canada. Toronto is also consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.
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Totsuka Station
Totsuka Station (戸塚駅, Totsuka-eki?) is a railway station on the East Japan Railway Company located in Totsuka Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is served by the Tōkaidō Main Line, Yokosuka Line and Shōnan-Shinjuku Line and is 40.9 kilometers from the terminus of the Tōkaidō Main Line at Tokyo Station.
Totsuka Station was opened on July 11, 1887 as a station on the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), the predecessor to the post-war Japan National Railway (JNR). All freight operations were discontinued from May 1970. With the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the operational control of JR East. The Blue Line of the Yokohama Subway connected to Totsuka Station from May 24, 1987, and the underground platforms were lengthed in 1989. Shōnan-Shinjuku Line trains began stopping at Totsuka Station from December 1, 2001.
JR Totsuka Station is a ground level station with two island platforms serving four tracks, with an additional set of the Tōkaidō Freight Line tracks on the west side. The platforms are connected to the station's two gates upstairs (over the tracks) and downstairs (underground). The Yokohama Subway station, connected with the JR underground concourse, has one underground island platform.
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Totsuka-ku, Yokohama
Totsuka-ku (戸塚区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 273,418 and a density of 7,640 persons per km². The total area was 35.70 km².
Totsuka Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and in the center-western area of the city of Yokohama. The area is largely flatland, with scattered small hills. The Kashio River passes through the Ward.
The area around present-day Totsuka Ward has been inhabited for thousands of years. Archaeologists have found ceramic shards from the Jomon period at numerous locations in the area. There are numerous keyhole tombs from the Kofun period in Totsuka, including one on the grounds of Tomitsuka Hachiman Shrine, from which the ward’s name is derived. Under the Nara period Ritsuryō system, it became part of Kamakura District and Kōza District in Sagami Province. By the Heian period it was part of a shōen controlled by the Sudō clan, but came under the control of the Kamakura clan (of which Kamakura Gongorō Kagemasa was the most illustrious member) by the start of the Kamakura period. During the Kamakura period, it was largely farmland, supporting the population of nearby Kamakura; however by the Muromachi period it had become a contested territory divided between the Hatakeyama clan, Miura clan, Oba clan, and others until their territories were seized by the Late Hōjō clan from Odawara in the late Sengoku period. After the defeat of the Hōjō at the Battle of Odawara, the territory came under the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu. It was administered as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. The area prospered in the Edo period as Totsuka-juku, a post station on the Tōkaidō connecting Edo with Kyoto.
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Tsunashima Station
Tsunashima Station (綱島駅, Tsunashima-eki?) is a railway station on the Tokyu Corporation's Tōyoko Line located in located in Kōhoku Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 15.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Tōyoko Line at Shibuya Station.
Tsunashima Station opened as one of the original Tōyoko Line stations on February 14, 1926, under the name Tsunashima-Onsen Station (綱島温泉駅, Tsunashima-Onsen-eki?). It was renamed to its present name on October 20, 1944. The station was rebuilt and tracks were elevated in November 1963 and the station building was refurbished in 2001, with a new North Exi and see-through ticket gates at the main entrance, as well as new escalators and elevators.
This station is served by following line:
The typical weekday hourly off-peak service is:
Tsunashima Station has two elevated opposed side platforms, with the station building and bus terminal underneath.
Coordinates: 35°32′12.91″N 139°38′05.32″E / 35.5369194°N 139.6348111°E / 35.5369194; 139.6348111
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Tsurugamine Station
Tsurugamine Station (鶴ヶ峰駅, Tsurugamine-eki?) is located in Asahi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 8.5 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Yokohama Station.
Tsurugamine Station was opened on October 25, 1930.
Tsurugamine Station has a two opposed side platforms serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°28′30″N 139°32′58″E / 35.474895°N 139.549316°E / 35.474895; 139.549316
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Tsurumi Station
Tsurumi Station (鶴見駅, Tsurumi-eki ?) is a railway station operated by JR East located in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is an interchange between the Keihin-Tōhoku Line and the Tsurumi Line (of which it is a terminus), and is 52.0 kilometers from the terminus of the Keihin-Tōhoku Line at Ōmiya Station. Tsurumi is officially the southern terminus of the Musashino Line but does not ordinarily have passenger service on that line.
Tsurumi Station was opened on November 15, 1872 as a station on the Japanese Government Railways (the predecessor to the Japan National Railways, or JNR) Tōkaidō Main Line, initially for passenger operations only. Freight services started on April 1, 1898. The Keihin Line began operations to Tsurumi from December 20, 1914. On December 23, 1934, the Tsurumi Rinkō Railway (present-day Tsurumi Line) connected to Tsurumi Station. The station was the location of a major railway accident, the Tsurumi Accident on November 9, 1963. It was one of the five major post-war JNR accidents. Freight services were discontinued from November 1, 1974. Upon the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987 the station has been operated by JR East.
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Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama
Tsurumi-ku (鶴見区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 270,433 and a density of 8,140 persons per km². The total area was 33.23 km².
Tsurumi Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and far northeast corner of the city of Yokohama.
The area around present-day Tsurumi Ward has been inhabited continuously for thousands of years. Archaeologists have found stone tools from the Japanese Paleolithic period and ceramic shards from the Jomon period, and tombs from the Kofun period at numerous locations in the area. Under the Nara period Ritsuryō system, it became part of Musashi Province. During the Edo period, the territory came under the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu. It was administered as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. During the Bakumatsu period, nearby Kanagawa-juku was the location of the signing of the Convention of Kanagawa, which ended Japan’s national isolation policy and led to the normalization of diplomatic relations between the United States and Japan. The subsequent Treaty of Amity and Commerce led to the establishment of a treaty port for foreign commerce and settlement, which was initially stipulated to be Kanagawa. However, for security reasons, the actual settlement was established at neighboring Yokohama (present day Naka-ku). The Namamugi Incident, which led to the 1863 Anglo-Satsuma War, occurred in what is now part of Tsurumi Ward.
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Tsurumi-Ono Station
Tsurumi-Ono Station (鶴見小野駅, Tsurumi-Ono-eki?) is a railway station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
Tsurumi-Ono Station is served by the Tsurumi Line, and is located 1.5 kilometers from the terminus at Tsurumi Station.
Tsurumi-Ono Station has two opposed side platforms serving two tracks, connected by a level crossing.
Tsurumi-Ono Station was opened on December 8, 1936 as Kōgyōgakkō-mae Stop (工業学校前停留場?) on the privately-held Tsurumi Rinkō Railway (鶴見臨港鉄道, Tsurumi Rinkō Tetsudō?) and for passenger operations only. The Tsurumi Rinkō line was nationalized on July 1, 1943 at which time the stop was elevated into status to that of a full station and given its present name. The station was later absorbed into the Japan National Railways (JNR) network. The station has been unstaffed since March 1, 1971. Upon the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987 the station has been operated by JR East.
Media related to Tsurumi-Ono Station at Wikimedia Commons
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Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama
Tsuzuki-ku (都筑区?) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 199,258 and a density of 7,130 persons per km². The total area was 27.93 km².
Tsuzuki Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and north of the geographic center of the city of Yokohama.
The area around present-day Tsuzuki Ward was formerly part of Tsutsuki District in Musashi Province. During the Edo period, it was a rural region classified as tenryō territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. After the Meiji Restoration, the area became part of the new Kanagawa Prefecture. In the cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, the area was divided into numerous villages. In April 1939, the area was annexed by the neighboring city of Yokohama, becoming part of Kōhoku Ward. In a major administrative reorganization of October 1, 1969, Kōhoku was divided, with parts of the present-day area of Tsuzuki becoming part of the new Midori-ku. On November 6, 1994, Kōhoku and Midori were recombined, and then re-divided into four Wards (Kōhoku, Midori, Tsuzuki and Aoba). The division and re-division of Wards has much to do with the development of northern Yokohama by railroad companies. The opening of the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line and associated "Tama Den-en-toshi" (東急多摩田園都市, Tōkyū Tama Den'en-toshi?) residential communities led to the rapid suburban development in this region. This was followed by the Kōhoku New Town (港北ニュータウン, Kōhoku Nyūtaun?) project in the 1980s and early 1990s. The core of the Kōhoku New Town became a significant commercial centre once the subway line extension between Shin-Yokohama and Azamino was completed in 1993. The influx of new population resulted in the entire “Kōhoku New Town” being re-organized into the new Tsuzuki Ward.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (i/juːˈkreɪn/ yew-KRAYN; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украина; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.
According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically recorded East Slavic state which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several internationally recognized attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from its own civil war, and on December 30, 1922 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian SSR's territory was enlarged westward during the civil war shortly before, and after World War II, and further south in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.
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Umi-Shibaura Station
Umi-Shibaura Station (海芝浦駅, Umi-shibaura-eki ?) is a railway station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
Umi-Shibaura station is the terminus of the Umi-Shibaura branch of the Tsurumi Line, and lies 4.7 kilometers from the terminus at Tsurumi Station.
A single side platform, located on the waterfront of Tokyo Bay, serves one line for both inbound and outbound trains. The exit is located opposite the buffer stop, with simplified Suica terminals and a ticket disposal box. There is also an automatic ticket machine.
Umi-Shibaura is served hourly during off-peak times (midday, night and weekends), with more frequent services during morning and evening rush hours.
Umi-Shibaura Station was opened on November 1, 1940 as a station on a spur line of the privately-held Tsurumi Rinkō Railway (鶴見臨港鉄道, Tsurumi Rinkō Tetsudō?). The Tsurumi Rinkō line was nationalized on July 1, 1943, and was later absorbed into the Japan National Railway (JNR) network. The station has been unattended since March 1, 1971, although the adjacent Toshiba guardhouse is staffed 24 hours a day. Upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987 the station has been operated by JR East. In 2000, Umi-Shibaura Station was selected as one of the top 100 stations in the Kantō region by a public poll conducted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Vancouver
Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/) is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. The 2011 census recorded more than 603,000 people in the city, making it the eighth largest among Canadian cities. The metropolitan area, with more than 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada. With 5,249 people per square kilometre (13,590 per sq mile), the City of Vancouver is the most densely populated Canadian municipality among those with 5,000 residents or more. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, with 52% for whom English is not their first language.
The original settlement, named Gastown, grew around the Hastings Mill logging sawmill and a nearby tavern, both established in 1867. Enlarging to become the townsite of Granville, with the announcement that the railhead would reach the site it was renamed "Vancouver" and incorporated as a city in 1886. By 1887, the transcontinental railway was extended to the city to take advantage of its large natural seaport, which soon became a vital link in a trade route between the Orient, Eastern Canada, and London. As of 2009, Port Metro Vancouver is the busiest and largest port in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry. Major film production studios in Vancouver and Burnaby have turned Metro Vancouver into the third-largest film production centre in North America after Los Angeles and New York City, earning it the film industry nickname, Hollywood North.
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Wadamachi Station
Wadamachi Station (和田町駅, Wadamachi-eki?) is a railway station located in Hodogaya Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 4.3 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Yokohama Station.
Wadamachi Stationed opened on August 15, 1952.
Wadamachi Station has a two opposed island platforms serving two tracks.
Yokohama Municipal Bus (Shiei), Sagami Railway (Sotetsu)
Coordinates: 35°27′50″N 139°35′11″E / 35.463785°N 139.586518°E / 35.463785; 139.586518
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Yakō Station
Yakō Station (矢向駅, Yakō-eki?) is a railway station operated by JR East's Nambu Line located in Tsurumi Ward of Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. It is 2.6 kilometers from the terminus of the Nambu Line at Kawasaki Station.
Yakō Station opened as a station on the Nambu Railway on March 9, 1927. A spur line to Kawasaki-Gashi Freight Terminal opened at the same time. The Nambu Railway was nationalized on April 1, 1944 becoming part of the Japanese Government Railway (JGR) system, which became the Japanese National Railways (JNR) from 1949. Freight services on the spur line were discontinued on May 25, 1972. Along with privatization and division of JNR, JR East started operating the station on April 1, 1987.
The station has a yard, which was originally the main depot of the Nambu Line until Nakahara Depot near Musashi-Nakahara Station was opened in 1960.
The station building was burnt down during the bombing in 1945 and was later rebuilt. The station building appeared in the 1951 film Meshi is the same as the present one.
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Yamakita, Kanagawa
Yamakita (山北町, Yamakita-machi?) is a town located in Ashigarakami District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 11,863 and a density of 52.8 persons per km². The total area was 224.70 km².
Yamakita is located in the mountainous western portion of Kanagawa Prefecture, bordering Shizuoka and Yamanashi Prefectures. Much of the town is within the boundaries of the Tanzawa-Ōyama Quasi-National Park.
Kanagawa Prefecture
Yamanashi Prefecture
Shizuoka Prefecture
During the Edo period the area around Yamakita was part of Odawara Domain, along with most of western Sagami Province. After the cadastral reforms of the early Meiji period, Kawa village was one of several villages established within Ashigarakami district, Kanagawa Prefecture on April 1, 1889. Kawa village was elevated to town status on April 1, 1933 and renamed Yamakita. It merged with neighboring Kyowa, Shimizu and Miho villages on February 1, 1955 and further expanded by annexing the Hirayama area of former Kitaashigara village on April 1, 1955.
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Yamate Station
Yamate Station (山手駅, Yamate-eki?) is a railway station operated by JR East's Negishi Line located in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It is 5.0 kilometers from the terminus of the Negishi Line at Yokohama Station and 64.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Keihin-Tōhoku Line at Ōmiya Station.
Yamate Station was opened on May 9, 1964. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) in 1987.
Yamate Station has two opposed side platforms serving two tracks. Both tracks are utilised by the Keihin-Tōhoku Line and Yokohama Line; track 1 serves southbound trains to Ōfuna whilst track 2 serves northbound trains to Yokohama and Tokyo.
Coordinates: 35°25′37″N 139°38′46″E / 35.427°N 139.646°E / 35.427; 139.646
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Yayoidai Station
Yayoidai Station (弥生台駅, Yayoidai-eki?) is a commuter railway station on the Sagami Railway's Izumino Line located in Iuzmi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 4.9 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Futamatagawa Station.
Yayoidai Station was opened on April 8, 1976. The station building was remodeled on September 30, 1998.
Yayoidai Station has a two opposed side platforms serving two tracks, connected to the station building by an overpass. The station building is elevated, and is built on top of the platforms and tracks. The station is known for its sakura blossoms in spring.
Coordinates: 35°25′48″N 139°30′23″E / 35.43°N 139.50639°E / 35.43; 139.50639
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Yokohama
Yokohama (横浜市, Yokohama-shi?, "Side Shore") ( listen (help·info)) is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second largest city in Japan by population after Tokyo and most populous municipality of Japan. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area.
Yokohama's population of 3.7 million makes it Japan's largest incorporated city.
Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan's prominent port city following the end of Japan's relative isolation in the mid-19th century, and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Hakata, Tokyo, and Chiba.
Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners. A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.
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Yokohama Chinatown
Yokohama Chinatown (Japanese: 横浜中華街, yokohama chūkagai; Simplified Chinese: 横滨中华街; Traditional Chinese: 横濱中華街; Pinyin: Hèngbīn Zhōnghuá Jiē; Cantonese Jyutping: Waang4 ban1 zung1 waa4 gaai1) is located in Yokohama, Japan, which is located just south of Tokyo. Its history is about 150 years long. Today only a few Chinese people still live in Chinatown, but it has a population of about 3,000 to 4,000. Most of the residents are from Guangzhou (Canton) but many come from other regions.
Yokohama Chinatown is the largest Chinatown not only in Japan but also in Asia (larger than Chinatowns in both Kobe and Nagasaki) and it is one of the largest in the world[citation needed]. There are roughly 250 Chinese-owned/themed shops and restaurants scattered throughout the district, with the highest concentration centered around a 300 square metre area.
In 1859, when the sea port opened in Yokohama, many Chinese immigrants arrived in Japan and formed settlements. Later, ferry services from Yokohama to Shanghai and Hong Kong were started. Many Chinese traders came to Japan and built a Chinese school, Chinese community center, and various other facilities in what represented the beginning of Chinatown. However, government regulations at the time meant that immigrants were not permitted to live outside of the designated foreign settlement area. In 1899, new laws gave Chinese increased freedom of movement while reinforcing strict rules on the types of work Chinese people were allowed to perform.
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Yokohama Station
Yokohama Station (横浜駅, Yokohama-eki?) is a main interchange station located in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It is the busiest station in Kanagawa Prefecture and the 5th busiest in Japan as of 2004, serving 2.05 million passengers daily.
Yokohama Station is served by the following lines:
(JR Central's Tōkaidō Shinkansen passes through Shin-Yokohama Station, not Yokohama Station.)
JR East and Keikyū platforms are located in the main above ground portion of Yokohama Station. Keikyū's section consists of platforms 1-2, JR has platforms 3-10.
Tokyu Corporation and the Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company share the same underground station located in the 5th underground level of Yokohama Station, to the west of the JR platforms.
The Yokohama Municipal Subway is located on the 3rd underground floor, west of the main station.
Sagami Railway is an above ground structure to the west of the main station, connected to the Sotetsu Department Store.
The west and east have a complex underground business district which spans over several floors and is directly connected with the buildings which surround the station. Yokohama station has three bus terminals, and two other bus terminals are located near the station.
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Yokosuka, Kanagawa
Yokosuka (横須賀市, Yokosuka-shi?) is a city located in Kanagawa, Japan. As of 2010, the city had an estimated population of 419,067 and a population density of 4,160 people per km². It covered an area of 100.62 km². Yokosuka is the 11th most populous city in Greater Tokyo, 12th in the Kantō region.
Yokosuka occupies most of Miura Peninsula, and is bordered by the mouth of Tokyo Bay to the east and Sagami Bay on the Pacific Ocean on the west.
The area around present-day Yokosuka city has been inhabited for thousands of years. Archaeologists have found stone tools and shell middens from the Japanese Paleolithic period and ceramic shards from the Jōmon and Kofun periods at numerous locations in the area. During the Heian period, local warlord Muraoka Tamemichi established Kinugasa Castle in 1063. He became the ancestor of the Miura clan, which subsequently dominated eastern Sagami Province for the next several hundred years. The Miura clan supported Minamoto no Yoritomo in the foundation of the Kamakura shogunate, but were later annihilated by Hōjō Tokiyori in 1247. However, the family name was reassigned to a supporter of the Hōjō clan, and the Miura continued to rule Miura Peninsula through the Muromachi period until their defeat at Arai Castle in a 1518 attack by Hōjō Sōun. Following the defeat of the Late Hōjō clan at the Battle of Odawara, Toyotomi Hideyoshi transferred Tokugawa Ieyasu to take control over the Kantō region, including Yokosuka in 1590.
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Yoshinochō Station
Yoshinochō Station (吉野町駅, Yoshinochō-eki?) is an underground metro station located in Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan operated by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s Blue Line (Line 1). It is 17.6 kilometers from the terminus of the Blue Line at Shōnandai Station.
Yoshinochō Station was opened on December 16, 1972. Platform screen doors were installed in September 2007.
Yoshinochō Station is an underground station with a single island platform serving two tracks.
Coordinates: 35°26′07.76″N 139°37′06.44″E / 35.4354889°N 139.6184556°E / 35.4354889; 139.6184556
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Yugawara, Kanagawa
Yugawara (湯河原町, Yugawara-machi?) is a town located in Ashigarashimo District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 26,729 and a density of 655 persons per km². The total area was 40.99 km².
Yugawara is located in the far southwestern corner of the prefecture, facing Sagami Bay on the Pacific Ocean.
Kanagawa Prefecture
Shizuoka Prefecture
During the Kamakura period, the area around Yugawara was called "Doi County" in Sagami Province. The area was under control of the late Hōjō clan in the Sengoku period, and part of Odawara Domain during the Edo period. After the Meiji Restoration, it was divided into six villages, and initially formed part of the short-lived Ashigara Prefecture, before becoming part of Ashigarashimo District of Kanagawa Prefecture. In April 1889, four of the six villages merged to form Doi village. The remaining two villages merged to from Yoshihama village. On July 1, 1926, Doi village was elevated to town status, taking the new name of Yugawara. Yoshihama attained town status on April 1, 1940, and merged into Yugawara on April 1, 1955. A planned merger of Yugawara into Odawara in 2005 was rejected by local voters in an August 8/ 2004 referendum.
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Yumegaoka Station
Yumegaoka Station (ゆめが丘駅, Yumegaoka-eki?) is a commuter railway station on the Sagami Railway's Izumino Line located in Izumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 9.3 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Futamatagawa Station.
Yumegaoka Station was opened on March 10, 1999.
Yumegaoka Station has a single island platform serving two tracks. The station is elevated, and is built on top of a road using a Nielsen Lohse Bridge design.
Coordinates: 35°24′18.85″N 139°28′56.44″E / 35.4052361°N 139.4823444°E / 35.4052361; 139.4823444
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Yōkōdai Station
Yōkōdai Station (洋光台駅, Yōkōdai-eki?) is a railway station operated by JR East's Negishi Line located in Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It is 14.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Negishi Line at Yokohama Station and 58.5 kilometers from the terminus of the Keihin-Tōhoku Line at Ōmiya Station.
The area around Yōkōdai Station was formerly a small rural pocket within central Yokohama. It was developed into a large housing district in the early 1970s. The Japan National Railways (JNR) Keihin-Tōhoku Line was extended from its former terminus at Isogo Station, and Yōkōdai Station was opened on 17 March 1970. The line was further extended to Ōfuna Station in 1973. The station came under the management of JR East on April 1, 1987 after the privatization of the JNR.
Yōkōdai Station has an island platform serving two tracks. The platforms are connected to the station building by an underpass.
Coordinates: 35°22′43.3″N 139°35′47.4″E / 35.378694°N 139.5965°E / 35.378694; 139.5965
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Zushi, Kanagawa
Zushi (逗子市, Zushi-shi?) is a city located in Kanagawa, Japan. In 2010, the city had an estimated population of 58,793 and a population density of 3,390 per km². The total area was 17.34 km².
Zushi is located at the head of Miura Peninsula, facing Sagami Bay on the Pacific Ocean. The city is built on an alluvial plain formed by the Tagoe River (田越川?) and surrounded by low, steep hills.
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Ōguchi Station
Ōguchi Station (大口駅, Ōguchi-eki?) is a commuter railway station on the East Japan Railway Company's Yokohama Lines located in Kanagawa Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 2.2 kilometers from the terminus of the Yokohama Line at Higashi-Kanagawa Station.
Ōguchi Station was opened on December 20, 1947 as a station on the Japan National Railways (JNR). With the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the operational control of JR East.
Ōguchi Station has a one ground-level island platform serving two tracks, connected to the station building by an overpass.
Coordinates: 35°29′32″N 139°38′46″E / 35.4921638889°N 139.646161111°E / 35.4921638889; 139.646161111
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Ōi, Kanagawa
Ōi (大井町, Ōi-machi?) is a town located in Ashigarakami District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 17,928 and a density of 1,250 persons per km². The total area was 14.41 km².
Ōi is located in hilly west-central Kanagawa Prefecture, bordering on the Tanzawa Mountains.
During the Edo period, the area around present-day Ōi was part of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province. After the Meiji Restoration, it became part of Ashigarakami District in Kanagawa Prefecture. On April 1, 1889, the district of Ashigarakami was administratively divided into villages, including Kaminaka, Soga, Yamada and Kaneda. On November 3, 1943, the villages of Yamada and Kaminaka merged to form the village of Aiwa. Aiwa later lost a portion of its territory to neighboring Nishihadano on June 20, 1956. The remaining portion merged with Kaneda and portions of Soga to form Ōi on April 1, 1956.
The economy of the Ōi is primarily agricultural.
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Ōiso, Kanagawa
Ōiso (大磯町, Ōiso-machi?) is a town located in Naka District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the town had an estimated population of 32,725 and a density of 1,910 persons per km². The total area was 17.18 km².
Ōiso is located on the coastline of central Kanagawa Prefecture, facing Sagami Bay of the Pacific Ocean. The area is generally hilly, rising to 168-meter Mount Koma in the northwest of the center of town. The area has a temperate maritime climate with short, cool winters and hot, humid summers. The coastline of Ōiso is sandy, and is regarded as the western end of the Shōnan area and remains a popular beach resort and vacation spot for residents of Tokyo.
Ōiso is the ancient center of Sagami Province. The exact location of the Nara period provincial government of Sagami Province is unknown, but tradition and the place name "Kōzu" place its probable location to within the boundaries of present-day Ōiso.
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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Brazilians
Brazilians (brasileiros in Portuguese) are all people born in Brazil. A Brazilian can be also a person born abroad to a Brazilian parent or a foreigner living in Brazil who applied for Brazilian citizenship.
According to the Constitution of Brazil, a Brazilian citizen is:
According to the Constitution, all people who hold Brazilian citizenship are equal, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender or religion.
A foreigner can apply for Brazilian citizenship after living for 4 (four) uninterrupted years in Brazil and being able to speak Portuguese. A native person from an official Portuguese language country (Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea Bissau and East Timor) can request the Brazilian nationality after only 1 uninterrupted year living in Brazil. A foreign born person who holds Brazilian citizenship has exactly the same rights and duties of the Brazilian citizen by birth, but cannot occupy some special public positions such as the Presidency of the Republic, Vice-presidency of the Republic, Minister (Secretary) of Defense, Presidency (Speaker) of the Senate, Presidency (Speaker) of the House of Representatives, Officer of the Armed Forces and Diplomat.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Filipino people
The Filipino people or Filipinos are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. There are about 94 million Filipinos in the Philippines, and about 11 million living outside the Philippines.
There are around 180 languages spoken in the Philippines, most of them belonging to the Austronesian language family, with Tagalog and Cebuano having the greatest number of native speakers. The official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and English and most Filipinos are bilingual or trilingual.
Most Filipinos refer to themselves colloquially as "Pinoy" (feminine: "Pinay"), which is a slang word formed by taking the last four letters of "Pilipino" and adding the diminutive suffix "-y". The lack of the letter "F" in the pre-1987 Philippine alphabet, Abakada, had caused the letter "F" to be substituted with "P". This is why, when the 28-letter modern Filipino alphabet was made official in 1987, the name Filipino was preferred over Pilipino. The name Filipino was chosen by the Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, who named the islands "las Islas Filipinas" ("the Philippine Islands") after Philip II of Spain.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
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Hiroshi Nakada
Hiroshi Nakada (中田 宏, Nakada Hiroshi?, born September 20, 1964) is the former mayor of Yokohama, Kanagawa in Japan. A graduate of Aoyama Gakuin University, he served at the Matsushita Institute of Government and Management before working in the House of Councillors in the Diet.
He was first elected mayor of Yokohama in April 2002 after serving in the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature) for three terms since July 1993. He was re-elected in 2006.
He has been compared to Carlos Ghosn, the visionary CEO of Nissan, whose Revival Plan he emulated and enticed the corporation to relocate to the city with [2].
He is longlisted for the 2008 World Mayor award.
On July 28, 2009, he suddenly submitted his resignation letter to the city assembly chairperson, more than 8 months earlier from the end of his second term in April 2010.
Political career
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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James Clavell
James Clavell, born Charles Edmund DuMaresq Clavell (10 October 1924 – 7 September 1994) was an Australian-born, British (later naturalized American) novelist, screenwriter, director and World War II veteran and prisoner of war. Clavell is best known for his epic Asian Saga series of novels and their televised adaptations, along with such films as The Great Escape and To Sir, with Love.
Born in Australia, Clavell was the son of Commander Richard Clavell, a British Royal Navy officer who was stationed in Australia on secondment from the Royal Navy to the Royal Australian Navy. In 1940, when Clavell finished his secondary schooling at Portsmouth Grammar School, he joined the Royal Artillery to follow his family tradition.
Following the outbreak of World War II, at the age of 16 (or 19) he joined the Royal Artillery in 1940, and was sent to Malaya to fight the Japanese. Wounded by machine-gun fire, he was eventually captured and sent to a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp on Java. Later he was transferred to Changi Prison in Singapore.
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Jules Verne
Jules Gabriel Verne (French pronunciation: [ʒyl vɛʁn]; February 8, 1828 – March 24, 1905) was a French author who pioneered the science fiction genre. He is best known for his novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870), A Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), and Around the World in Eighty Days (1873). Verne wrote about space, air, and underwater travel before air travel and practical submarines were invented, and before practical means of space travel had been devised. He is the second most translated author in the world (after Agatha Christie). Some of his books have also been made into live-action and animated films and television shows. Verne is often referred to as the "Father of Science Fiction", a title sometimes shared with Hugo Gernsback and H. G. Wells.
Jules Verne was born in Nantes, in France, to Pierre Verne, an attorney, and his wife, Sophie Allote de la Fuÿe. Jules spent his early years at home with his parents in the bustling harbor city of Nantes. The family spent summers in a country house just outside the city, in Brains on the banks of the Loire River. Here Jules and his brother Paul would often rent a boat for one franc a day. The sight of the many ships navigating the river sparked Jules's imagination, as he describes in the autobiographical short story "Souvenirs d'Enfance et de Jeunesse". At the age of nine, Jules and Paul, of whom he was very fond, were sent to boarding school at the Saint Donatien College (Petit séminaire de Saint-Donatien). As a child, he developed a great interest in travel and exploration, a passion he showed as a writer of adventure stories and science fiction. His interest in writing often cost him progress in other subjects.
wn.com/Jules_Verne -
Korean War
The Korean War (Korean: 한국전쟁 or 조선전쟁, Hanja: 韓國戰爭 or 朝鮮戰爭; 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was a war between the Republic of Korea (supported primarily by the United States of America, with contributions from allied nations under the aegis of the United Nations) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (supported by the People's Republic of China, with military and material aid from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). The Korean War was primarily the result of the political division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War at the end of World War II. The Korean Peninsula was ruled by the Empire of Japan from 1910 until the end of World War II. Following the surrender of the Empire of Japan in September 1945, American administrators divided the peninsula along the 38th parallel, with U.S. military forces occupying the southern half and Soviet military forces occupying the northern half.
wn.com/Korean_War -
Koreans
The Korean people are an ethnic group originating in the Korean peninsula.
South Koreans call Koreans Hanguk-in (한국인; 韓國人)—or simply 한인/Han-in for South Koreans living abroad—or informally Hanguk saram (한국 사람; 韓國 사람), while North Koreans call Koreans Chosŏnin (조선인; 朝鮮人) or Chosŏn saram (조선 사람; 朝鮮 사람). See Names of Korea, Korean romanization, Hangul (한글) and Hanja (한자).
Koreans are believed[by whom?] to be descendants of peoples of Manchuria, often said to be Altaic- or proto-Altaic-speaking tribes, linking them with Mongols, Turkic and Tungusic peoples. Archaeological evidence suggests proto-Koreans were migrants from south-central Siberia, who populated ancient Korea in successive waves from the Neolithic age to the Bronze Age. The same tomb style is an indication telling who lived there. The largest concentration of dolmen in the world is found on the Korean peninsula. In fact, with an estimated 35,000 dolmen Korea counts for nearly 40% of the world’s total. Similar dolmens can be found outside of Korea, in Manchuria, Shandong, and Kyushu. Yet it is unclear why this culture only flourished so extensively on the Korean peninsula in the area of Northeastern Asia.
wn.com/Koreans -
Matthew C. Perry
Matthew Calbraith Perry (April 10, 1794 – March 4, 1858) was the Commodore of the U.S. Navy and served commanding a number of US naval ships. He served several wars, most notably in the Mexican-American War and the War of 1812. He played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. Perry was very concerned with the education of naval officers and helped develop an apprentice system that helped establish a naval curriculum at the United States Naval Academy. With the advent of the steam engine he was also a leading advocate of modernizing the U.S. Navy and came to be considered The Father of the Steam Navy.
Matthew Perry was the son of Navy Captain, Christopher R. Perry and the younger brother of Oliver Hazard Perry. Matthew Perry received a midshipman's commission in the Navy in 1809, and was initially assigned to the USS Revenge, under the command of his elder brother. Under his brother's command, Matthew was a combatant in The Battle of Lake Erie aboard the Flagship Lawrence and the replacement flagship, Niagara.
wn.com/Matthew_C._Perry -
Samuel Cocking
Samuel Cocking (1842 in Ireland - 26 February 1914 in Yokohama, Japan) was a British trader in Yokohama arriving in 1869, shortly after the “Opening of Japan”. He is most famous for the large greenhouse (660 m²) and gardens that he developed in Enoshima. He married Miyata in 1872.
His company, “The Cocking Trading Company” specialized in art, antiques and specialty plants, but it was his importation of carbolic acid in 1877 that made his initial fortune. Carbolic acid was used as a disinfectant, particularly against cholera.
In 1880, he purchased (in his wife’s name) the highlands, including derelict Buddhist shrines, on the island of Enoshima and began building the botanical gardens and a villa. The 'Abolish the Buddha. Destroy Sakyamuni' policy of the new Meiji government had made the land available. In 1887, he added a power plant (which later became origin of the Yokohama Cooperative Electric Light Company). His garden is now operated by the city as the Samuel Cocking Garden.
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
wn.com/Tianjin -
Wilhelm Heine
Peter Bernhard Wilhelm Heine, better known as Wilhelm (or William) Heine (January 30, 1827 in Dresden - October 5, 1885 in Lößnitz bei Dresden) was a German-American artist, world traveller and writer.
Heine was born in Dresden, the son of Ferdinand Heine, a comedian engaged at the Dresden Court Theatre. His family connections included composer Richard Wagner, whose father had been a family friend.
Heine studied at the Royal Academy of Art in Dresden and in the studio of Julius Hübner. Then he continued his artistic studies for three years in Paris. He returned to Dresden getting work as a scene designer for the court theatre and giving painting classes. He fled to New York in 1849, following the suppression of the May Uprising in Dresden in which he participated. In this he was aided by Alexander von Humboldt.
He set up his artist studio at 515 Broadway, and soon established his reputation as an artist. After meeting the archaeologist and diplomat, Ephraim George Squier, Heine was invited to accompany him, as an artist, on his consular duties to Central America. Proceeding ahead of Squier, he collected and recorded indigenous plants and animals and compiled notes for future publications. Until Squier arrived, Heine stood in as consul, negotiating a commercial agreement between the Central American countries and the United States, which he delivered to Washington. The record of this expedition was published in 1853 as the Wanderbilder aus Centralamerika. While in Washington, he met President Millard Fillmore and Commodore Matthew Perry, and was selected from among several score of applicants for the post of official artist to the Perry expedition to Japan
wn.com/Wilhelm_Heine -
Yokohama New Transit
Yokohama New Transit Seaside Line (横浜新都市交通金沢シーサイド線, Yokohama Shintoshi Kōtsū Kanazawa Shīsaido Sen?, "Yokohama New Urban Transit Kanazawa Seaside Line") is a new transportation system line operated by Yokohama New Transit Co., Ltd. (横浜新都市交通株式会社, Yokohama Shintoshi Kōtsū Kabushiki-gaisha?) and transits from Shin-Sugita (Isogo Ward) to Kanazawa-Hakkei (Kanazawa Ward) in Yokohama. It was opened on July 5, 1989.
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Yukio Mishima
Yukio Mishima (三島 由紀夫, Mishima Yukio?) was the pen name of Kimitake Hiraoka (平岡 公威, Hiraoka Kimitake?, January 14, 1925 – November 25, 1970), a Japanese author, poet, playwright, actor and film director. Nominated three times for the Nobel Prize in Literature, Mishima was internationally famous and is considered one of the most important Japanese authors of the 20th century. His avant-garde work displayed a blending of modern and traditional aesthetics that broke cultural boundaries, with a focus on sexuality, death, and political change. He is also remembered for his ritual suicide by seppuku after a failed coup d'état.
Mishima was born in the Yotsuya district of Tokyo (now part of Shinjuku). His father was Azusa Hiraoka, a government official, and his mother, Shizue, was the daughter of a school principal in Tokyo. His paternal grandparents were Jotarō and Natsuko Hiraoka. He had a younger sister, Mitsuko, who died of typhus, and a younger brother, Chiyuki.[citation needed]
Mishima's early childhood was dominated by the shadow of his grandmother, Natsu, who took the boy, separating him from his immediate family for several years. Natsu was the illegitimate granddaughter of Matsudaira Yoritaka, the daimyo of Shishido in Hitachi Province, and had been raised in the household of Prince Arisugawa Taruhito; she maintained considerable aristocratic pretensions even after marrying Mishima's grandfather, a bureaucrat who had made his fortune in the newly opened colonial frontier and who rose to become Governor-General of Karafuto. She was also prone to violence and morbid outbursts, which are occasionally alluded to in Mishima's works. It is to Natsu that some biographers have traced Mishima's fascination with death. Natsu did not allow Mishima to venture into the sunlight, to engage in any kind of sport or to play with other boys; he spent much of his time alone or with female cousins and their dolls.
wn.com/Yukio_Mishima
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Visit Yokohama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
The Other Half of the World's Largest Metropolis: Tokyo-Yokohama. Come and get to know this proud, industrious city that was host to 2002 FIFA World Cup final match. With an eclectic past and a bright future, Yokohama demonstrates the great will and determination of Japanese culture with plenty to offer for outsiders. Allow an InterContinental Concierge member lead you on a special tour. Go to www.ichotelsgroup.com
http://wn.com/Visit_Yokohama
Japan, Yokohama City
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- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Japan,_Yokohama_City
Yokohama Furnished serviced apartment Yokohama, B-SITE Yokohama
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- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Great serviced apartment in Yokohama you can see here www.space-d.co.jp We arestarting to rebound here in Tokyo after the record breaking earthquake and tsunami. If you are coming back to join the growth and need a temporary to long term serviced apartment in Tokyo or Yokohama, please contact us! We currently have availabilities in all of our buildings at your service! Serviced office space also available on short-term lease. Reach our international staff at www.space-d.co.jp or 81-(0)3-3502-7777
http://wn.com/Yokohama_Furnished_serviced_apartment_Yokohama,_B-SITE_Yokohama
Vanish rollercoaster Yokohama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:47
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
www.antinbath.com Video of the Vanish rollercoaster at Cosmo Land in Yokohama, Japan. The amusement park itself is small, but it was a good excuse to pay a fleeting visit to Yokohama
http://wn.com/Vanish_rollercoaster_Yokohama
Yokohama ADVAN Neova AD08, the dual duty street and track tyre is now available in Australia.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:03
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
The ADVAN Neova AD08 bridges the gap between street tyres and race tyres. Street tyres work well when cold. Conventional rubber compounds reach their limit during high speed driving as heat softening quickly saps the tyres ability to grip the road. Using street tyres on the track can lead to slower lap times and rapid tread wear. Race tyres work well when hot. R-spec race tyres and slicks, on the other hand, generate heat which helps them grip the race track. They work best above 60 degrees Celsius. Race tyres work best in the first heat cycles, then performance begins to drop off. Using race tyres on the street is uneconomical as it can waste heat cycles and reduce tyre performance. For more information visit www.yokohama.com.au Available from Tyres & More Ph. 136673 (13MORE), Bob Jane T-Marts Ph. 131509 and Yokohama Preferred Dealers Ph. 131509.
http://wn.com/Yokohama_ADVAN_Neova_AD08,_the_dual_duty_street_and_track_tyre_is_now_available_in_Australia
Yokohama Tire -- Duck, Duck, Goose Commercial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:32
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
In this new TV commercial by Yokohama Tire Corporation, Yokohama-sponsored drivers and off-road champions, Cameron and Heidi Steele play a high speed game of Duck, Duck, Goose. Cameron -- a Baja 1000 champion -- drives his 800-horsepower off-road racing truck equipped with Geolandar A/TS® tires. Heidi -- a Baja 500 and Baja 1000 Champion -- drives a Lamborghini Superleggera equipped with ADVAN Neova AD08 tires. The husband and wife whip around a circle of high-performance vehicles equipped with Yokohama tires. Yokohama tires included are: the ADVAN S4®, ADVAN Sport®, S.drive®, AVID ENVigor®, AVID TRZ®, AVID Touring-S®, Parada Spec-X®, and dB Super E-Spec™.
http://wn.com/Yokohama_Tire_-_Duck,_Duck,_Goose_Commercial
PENTAX Q YOKOHAMA time lapse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
02 STANDARD ZOOMを使って、横浜で追加撮影をしました。 darwinfish105.blogspot.com camera : PENTAX Q lens : 01 STANDARD PRIME lens : 02 STANDARD ZOOM lens : 03 FISH-EYE lens : 04 TOY LENS WIDE music : A Whole New World by Chill Carrier www.jamendo.com
http://wn.com/PENTAX_Q_YOKOHAMA_time_lapse
yokohama battery switch
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
Better Place unveils its first automated electric vehicle battery switch station in Yokohama, Japan. Video copyright Better Place. Used with persmission. Read the story at Wired.com
http://wn.com/yokohama_battery_switch
Yokohama World Time Attack Challenge 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:37
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Here is our small feature on the 2010 Yokohama World Time Attack Challenge held at Eastern Creek Raceway in Sydney Australia. This is just a small taste of what Jet Multimedia produced in the 2-hour full length DVD that is available from www.worldtimeattack.com The full length DVD is available in PAL and NTSC in all regions. It has 2 hours of the best coverage of the event with cameras all around the track plus multiple hi-def on-baord cameras. Behind the scenes, pit reports and interviews take you through the event step by step. There is also a detailed look at all the pro class cars and coverage of open and clubsprint class. Off track entertainment and the Tectaloy Drift Challenge is all in there!!
http://wn.com/Yokohama_World_Time_Attack_Challenge_2010
Illegal Drift: Yokohama Street Drifting Exclusive
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:47
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
DRIFTING FOOTAGE AT INSIDELINE.COM: www.edmunds.com
http://wn.com/Illegal_Drift_Yokohama_Street_Drifting_Exclusive
HD Documentary: Journeys in Japan - Yokohama Chinatown.mkv
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- Duration: 28:00
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Yokohama, just to the south of Tokyo, is home to one of the largest, most vibrant Chinatowns in the world. It's quite compact, covering an area just half a kilometer across, but its streets are lined with more than 600 restaurants and shops. Over 21 million visitors come here every year. In the center of Yokohama Chinatown stands a temple called Kanteibyo, which was erected in honor of the deity Guan Yu. To mark the 150th anniversary of Kanteibyo this year, there have been major celebrations. On this edition of Journeys in Japan, our reporter Gow explores this fascinating district, samples the delectable cuisine in some restaurants, and reports on the colorful festivities. For more information about Yokohama Chinatown, visit these resources (all Web sites in Japanese only) Yokohama Kanteibyo temple is open daily 09:00-19:00. (045) 226-2636 Feng shui information and goods (including yin-yang key ring) www.tenpodo.com Velo-taxis can be hired for ￥4000 per hour (adults) www.velotaxi.jp/index.html Eating out in Yokohama Chinatown Taiwanese crispy fried rice (￥1500) Jyougenkyou: 148 Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama; tel: (045) 681-2340 Steamed pork buns (￥500) Edosei: www.edosei.com Shaved ice-milk topped with mango syrup (￥500) QQ Yataiya: 136-5 Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama: tel: (045) 663-0501 Chinese herbal medicine cuisine, fish soup (￥1260) Kinkouro: 200-9 Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama: tel: (045) 680-5568; www.kinkoro.com Other contacts Palm-reading fortune ...
http://wn.com/HD_Documentary_Journeys_in_Japan_Yokohama_Chinatownmkv
Buckethead - Yokohama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Track 9 off of Buckethead's new cd, "Electric Sea," enjoy!
http://wn.com/Buckethead_Yokohama
Underground Broadcasting--Yokohama and Yokosuka
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Part II from "Underground Broadcasting" Yokohama and Yokosuka montage.
http://wn.com/Underground_Broadcasting--Yokohama_and_Yokosuka
Yokohama Tire Tips #4 - When to use Summer, All-Season, and Winter tires
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- Duration: 1:59
- Updated: 15 Aug 2012
Find out the difference between Summer, All-Season, and Winter tires, and when to use each.
http://wn.com/Yokohama_Tire_Tips_4_When_to_use_Summer,_All-Season,_and_Winter_tires
The Who - See Me, Feel Me - Listening To You (Yokohama 2004)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:22
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
The Who en Yokohama en 2004
http://wn.com/The_Who_See_Me,_Feel_Me_Listening_To_You_Yokohama_2004
MOONEYES Yokohama Hot Rod Custom Show 2009
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- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
18th Annual MOONEYES Yokohama Hot Rod Custom Show Sunday, Dec. 6, 2009 @ Pacifico Yokohama
http://wn.com/MOONEYES_Yokohama_Hot_Rod_Custom_Show_2009
Joris Voorn @ Wire05 Yokohama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:11
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Dutch techno talent Joris Voorn spinning at the biggest japanese techno event
http://wn.com/Joris_Voorn_@_Wire05_Yokohama
Derrick May @ Wire99 Yokohama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:31
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
Detroit techno legend Derrick May spinning at Wire99 after Technasia's live. Features a short interview
http://wn.com/Derrick_May_@_Wire99_Yokohama
Ne-Yo Spread the Love Through Music Yokahama Japan Day 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Updated: 02 Sep 2012
Ne-Yo does Charity Concerts In Nagoya, Kobe and Yokahama Japan. In Support Of Those Affected By The Recent Catastrophe Ne-Yo has helped raise money to help to donate to the ongoing relief efforts in Japan.
http://wn.com/Ne-Yo_Spread_the_Love_Through_Music_Yokahama_Japan_Day_3
![Bad World Tour - Japan, Yokohama [Full Concert - Best Quality] 1987- Michael Jackson](http://web.archive.org./web/20121120000700im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/jd2j3xxOGHs/default.jpg "Bad World Tour - Japan, Yokohama [Full Concert - Best Quality] 1987- Michael Jackson")
Bad World Tour - Japan, Yokohama [Full Concert - Best Quality] 1987- Michael Jackson
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 96:01
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Subscribe! Best quality of the FULL concert on Youtube! September 26, 1987 - Yokohama Stadium. Bad World Tour was the debut concert tour by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. Sponsored by Pepsi and spanning 16 months, the tour included 123 concerts to 4.4 million fans across 15 countries. When the tour concluded it grossed a total of $125 million, adding two new entries in the Guinness World Records for the largest grossing tour in history and the tour with the largest attended audience.[1] In April 1989, the tour was nominated for "Tour of the Year 1988" at the inaugural International Rock Awards.
http://wn.com/Bad_World_Tour_Japan,_Yokohama_Full_Concert_Best_Quality_1987_Michael_Jackson
Yokohama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 21 Mar 2012
This is a song called 'Blue Light Yokohama', a Japanese pop song from the 60s that we redid in our latin soul style. We have gone to Japan a lot and love the Japanese people and culture. We hope they have a speedy recovery from the disaster.
http://wn.com/Yokohama
YOSHIMURA FACTORY TOUR - YOKOHAMA JAPAN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:19
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
HoonTV and AFG Moto were lucky enough to get a first hand tour of the entire Yoshimura factory in Yokohama Japan with Fujio Yoshimura himself!
http://wn.com/YOSHIMURA_FACTORY_TOUR_YOKOHAMA_JAPAN
Porsche IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge by Yokohama - Races 1 & 2, Sebring 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:06
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
The Porsche IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge by Yokohama features drivers racing in the largest single-make series in North America. Powered by one of the world's most successful race cars, the Porsche 911 GT3 Cup car, the multi-class structure of the series teaches drivers essential skills for a career in the American Le Mans Series. The 2012 GT3 Cup Series kicked off its seventh season at the 60th Mobil 1 12 Hours of Sebring, March 14-17. Meet the teams and drivers, get the story of races 1 and 2, and follow the action all season-long right here on /DRIVE.
http://wn.com/Porsche_IMSA_GT3_Cup_Challenge_by_Yokohama_Races_1_2,_Sebring_2012
Photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
18 Nov 2012
Israeli air strikes killed 16 Palestinians in Gaza on Saturday, prompting the Arab League to announce a visit to the battered enclave and a review of its Middle East peace policy. Egypt’s President...
Photo: AP / Eyad Baba
17 Nov 2012
Israel's defence minister Ehud Barak more than doubled his call-up of army reservists last night (Friday night) as its cabinet and military chiefs convened to discuss a ground invasion of Gaza. With...
Photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
19 Nov 2012
Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that...
Photo: UN / UN
17 Nov 2012
GAZA CITY, Gaza Strip (AP) — Israel's new offensive against the Gaza Strip has turned into a political bonanza for the territory's Hamas rulers, while sidelining Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas,...
Photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
18 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling Israel's ongoing uprooting of hundreds of Palestinian olive trees in the West Bank, including possibly sabotaging Palestine's recent bid for state...
Give us your best shot
19 Nov 2012
The News & Observer
Email Print Order Reprint Share This Text tool name tool goes here Guidelines Photographers: The contest is open to amateur photographers from The News & Observerâs readership area. Winners of the 2011 contest may not enter. Only one entry per person is allowed (not one per category)....(size: 12.7Kb)
Quarterback Den still going strong at 46
19 Nov 2012
Japan Times
YOKOHAMA — At age 46, Masamitsu Den is still addicted to the game of football. And he still puts on pads and a helmet on the gridiron, instead of wearing a headset and a sun visor off of it. "It's not impossible to play, with proper training," Den, a quarterback, said after his Tokyo Gas...(size: 2.9Kb)
Opportunities In China: The Next 10 Years
19 Nov 2012
Forbes
Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) is welcomed by Japanese and Chinese officials...(size: 0.5Kb)
Sun Star
OFFICIALS of five barangays in Iloilo City are going to Japan in November for a 10-day training on disaster risk management. The training, sponsored by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (Jica), CityNet and the Iloilo City...(size: 1.5Kb)
Orange Oil Makes Yokohama Tires More 'A-peeling'
19 Nov 2012
StreetInsider
Tweet FULLERTON, Calif., Nov. 19, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- When it comes to tire development and technology, the road generally goes from the racetrack to the cul de sac. A great example is Yokohama Tire Corporation's new passenger tire, the AVID Ascend®, which features orange oil, a special technology...(size: 2.7Kb)
The problem of Japan's 'devil wives'
18 Nov 2012
Stuff
To resume work after the birth of her first child, Terue Suzuki moved back to her family home on weekdays to get help with baby-care, leaving her husband in the house they shared. "It was like a weekend marriage," Suzuki, 45, who works at a Japanese telecommunications company, said of the...(size: 6.6Kb)
Smith finishes sixth in Yokohama Marathon
18 Nov 2012
Cheromei wins Yokohama Marathon
18 Nov 2012
Japan Times
YOKOHAMA — Kenya's Lydia Cheromei lived up to her billing as the runaway favorite en route to...(size: 0.7Kb)
Al Ahly reaches Club World Cup
18 Nov 2012
Japan Times
TUNIS — Al Ahly of Egypt has qualified for next month's Club World...(size: 0.5Kb)
Garcia shoots Grouses past Broncos
18 Nov 2012
Japan Times
TOKOROZAWA, Saitama Pref. — Momentum shifts from time to time during an ordinary basketball game, and there are several big scoring spurts to witness. Nothing unusual about that, and this is what happened on Sunday: A 19-point third-quarter lead had vanished to a meager four points for the...(size: 12.0Kb)
JEF to face Trinita in playoff final
18 Nov 2012
Japan Times
YOKOHAMA — Yoshihito Fujita struck twice against his old club as JEF United Chiba moved onto the brink of returning to the top flight with a comfortable 4-0 win away to Yokohama FC in the J. League promotion playoff semifinals on Sunday. Chiba now only needs a draw in Friday's final against...(size: 3.6Kb)
The Independent
To resume work after the birth of her first child, Terue Suzuki moved back to her family home on weekdays to get help with baby-care, leaving her husband in the house they shared. "It was like a weekend marriage," Suzuki, 45, who works at a Japanese telecommunications company, said of the...(size: 6.2Kb)
Kenya's Cheromei wins Yokohama marathon
18 Nov 2012
The Times of India
YOKOHAMA: Kenya's Lydia Cheromei outpaced the field over the last 27 kilometres to secure a comfortable win in the Yokohama international women's marathon on Sunday. The...(size: 1.1Kb)
For other uses, see Yokohama (disambiguation).
| Yokohama 横浜 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Designated city — | |||
| 横浜市 · City of Yokohama[1] | |||
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 |
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 Yokohama
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| Coordinates: 35°26′39″N 139°38′17″E / 35.44417°N 139.63806°E / 35.44417; 139.63806Coordinates: 35°26′39″N 139°38′17″E / 35.44417°N 139.63806°E / 35.44417; 139.63806 | |||
| Country | Japan | ||
| Region | Kantō | ||
| Prefecture | Kanagawa | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Fumiko Hayashi | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 437.38 km2 (168.87 sq mi) | ||
| Population (August 1, 2011) | |||
| • Total | 3,692,588 | ||
| • Density | 8,400/km2 (22,000/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | Japan Standard Time (UTC+9) | ||
| City Symbols | |||
| – Tree | Camellia, Chinquapin, Sangoju Sasanqua, Ginkgo, Zelkova |
||
| – Flower | Rose | ||
| Phone number | 045-671-2121 | ||
| Address | 1-1 Minato-chō, Naka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken 231-0017 |
||
| Website | www.city.yokohama.lg.jp | ||
Yokohama (横浜市, Yokohama-shi?, "Side Shore") ( listen (help·info)) is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second largest city in Japan by population after Tokyo and most populous municipality of Japan. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area.
Yokohama's population of 3.7 million makes it Japan's largest incorporated city.[2]
Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan's prominent port city following the end of Japan's relative isolation in the mid-19th century, and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Hakata, Tokyo, and Chiba.
Contents |
History[link]
Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners.[3] A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.[4]
It was initially agreed that one of the ports to be opened to foreign ships would be the bustling town of Kanagawa-juku (in what is now Kanagawa Ward) on the Tōkaidō, a strategic highway that linked Edo to Kyoto and Osaka. However, the Tokugawa shogunate decided that Kanagawa-juku was too close to the Tōkaidō for comfort, and port facilities were instead built across the inlet in the sleepy fishing village of Yokohama. The Port of Yokohama was opened on 2 June 1859.[5]
Yokohama quickly became the base of foreign trade in Japan. Japan's first English language newspaper, the Japan Herald, was first published there in 1861. Foreigners occupied a district of the city called "Kannai" (関内, "inside the barrier"), which was surrounded by a moat, and were protected by their extraterritorial status both within and outside the moat. Many individuals crossed the moat, causing a number of problems. The Namamugi Incident, one of the events that preceded the downfall of the shogunate, took place in what is now Tsurumi Ward in 1862; Ernest Satow described it in A Diplomat in Japan. In 1865 the first ice cream and first beer in Japan were manufactured in the city.[6] Chinese immigrants came to Yokohama in increasing numbers.[7]
After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the port was developed for trading silk, the main trading partner being Great Britain. Many Western influences first reached Japan in Yokohama, including Japan's first daily newspaper (1870) and first gas-powered street lamps (1872). Japan's first railway was constructed in the same year to connect Yokohama to Shinagawa and Shinbashi in Tokyo. In the same year, Jules Verne set Yokohama, which he had never visited, in an episode of his widely read Around the World in Eighty Days, capturing the atmosphere of a fast-developing, Western-oriented Japanese city.
In 1887, a British merchant, Samuel Cocking, built the city's first power plant. At first for his own use, this coal-burning plant became the basis for the Yokohama Cooperative Electric Light Company. The city was officially incorporated on April 1, 1889.[8] By the time the extraterritoriality of foreigner areas was abolished in 1899, Yokohama was the most international city in Japan, with foreigner areas stretching from Kannai to the Bluff area and the large Yokohama Chinatown.
The early 20th century was marked by rapid growth of industry. Entrepreneurs built factories along reclaimed land to the north of the city toward Kawasaki, which eventually grew to be the Keihin Industrial Area. The growth of Japanese industry brought affluence, and many wealthy trading families constructed sprawling residences there, while the rapid influx of population from Japan and Korea also led to the formation of Kojiki-Yato, then the largest slum in Japan.
Much of Yokohama was destroyed on 1 September 1923 by the Great Kantō earthquake. The Yokohama police reported casualties at 30,771 dead and 47,908 injured, out of a pre-earthquake population of 434,170.[9] Fuelled by rumours of rebellion and sabotage, vigilante mobs thereupon murdered many Koreans in the Kojiki-yato slum.[10] Many people believed that Koreans used black magic to cause the earthquake. Martial law was in place until November 19. Rubble from the quake was used to reclaim land for parks, the most famous being the Yamashita Park on the waterfront which opened in 1930.
Yokohama was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again by thirty-odd U.S. air raids during World War II. An estimated seven or eight thousand people were killed in a single morning on 29 May 1945 in what is now known as the Great Yokohama Air Raid, when B-29s firebombed the city and in just one hour and nine minutes reduced 42% of it to rubble.[8]
During the American occupation, Yokohama was a major transshipment base for American supplies and personnel, especially during the Korean War. After the occupation, most local U.S. naval activity moved from Yokohama to an American base in nearby Yokosuka.
The city was designated by government ordinance on September 1, 1956.[citation needed]
The city's tram and trolleybus system was abolished in 1972, the same year as the opening of the first line of Yokohama Municipal Subway.
Construction of Minato Mirai 21 ("Port Future 21"), a major urban development project on reclaimed land, started in 1983. Minato Mirai 21 hosted the Yokohama Exotic Showcase in 1989, which saw the first public operation of maglev trains in Japan and the opening of Cosmo Clock 21, then the tallest Ferris wheel in the world. The 860m-long Yokohama Bay Bridge opened in the same year.
In 1993, Minato Mirai saw the opening of the Yokohama Landmark Tower, the tallest building in Japan.
The 2002 FIFA World Cup final was held in June at the International Stadium Yokohama.
In 2009, the city marked the 150th anniversary of the opening of the port and the 120th anniversary of the commencement of the City Administration. An early part in the commemoration project incorporated the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) which was held in Yokohama in May 2008.
In November, 2010, Yokohama hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting.
Historical population[link]
| Year of census |
Population | Rank among cities in Japan |
|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 422,942 | 6th, behind Kobe, Kyoto, Nagoya, Osaka and Tokyo |
| 1925 | 405,888 | 6th |
| 1930 | 620,306 | 6th |
| 1935 | 704,290 | 6th |
| 1940 | 968,091 | 5th, surpassing Kobe |
| 1945 | 814,379 | 4th, the city government of Tokyo having been disbanded in 1943 |
| 1950 | 951,189 | 4th |
| 1955 | 1,143,687 | 4th |
| 1960 | 1,375,710 | 3rd, surpassing Kyoto |
| 1965 | 1,788,915 | 3rd |
| 1970 | 2,238,264 | 2nd, surpassing Nagoya |
| 1975 | 2,621,771 | 2nd |
| 1980 | 2,773,674 | 1st, surpassing Osaka[11] |
| 1985 | 2,992,926 | 1st |
| 1990 | 3,220,331 | 1st |
| 1995 | 3,307,136 | 1st |
| 2000 | 3,426,651 | 1st |
| 2005 | 3,579,133 | 1st |
| 2009 | 3,670,669 | 1st |
Yokohama's foreign population of nearly 78,000 includes Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos, and Brazilians.[12]
Climate[link]
Yokohama features a humid subtropical climate with hot and humid summers and chilly, but not very cold, winters. Winter temperatures rarely drop below freezing, while summer can get quite warm due to humidity effects.[13]
| Climate data for Yokohama, Japan (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) |
9.9 (49.8) |
12.7 (54.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
24.7 (76.5) |
28.4 (83.1) |
30.3 (86.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
21.2 (70.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
12.2 (54.0) |
19.4 (66.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
5.8 (42.4) |
8.6 (47.5) |
13.9 (57.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
22.9 (73.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
8.2 (46.8) |
15.5 (59.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) |
2.1 (35.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
10.2 (50.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.2 (48.6) |
4.3 (39.7) |
12.2 (54.0) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 55.5 (2.185) |
73.4 (2.89) |
134.0 (5.276) |
149.1 (5.87) |
138.1 (5.437) |
192.4 (7.575) |
169.0 (6.654) |
148.3 (5.839) |
232.4 (9.15) |
184.9 (7.28) |
108.4 (4.268) |
43.2 (1.701) |
1,622.5 (63.878) |
| Snowfall cm (inches) | 5 (2) |
7 (2.8) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
13 (5.1) |
| % humidity | 54 | 55 | 61 | 67 | 71 | 79 | 80 | 78 | 78 | 72 | 65 | 57 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 179.3 | 156.9 | 155.6 | 163.0 | 185.7 | 127.1 | 168.3 | 203.4 | 125.3 | 136.0 | 145.1 | 175.1 | 1,920.6 |
| Source: [14] | |||||||||||||
Sports[link]
- Soccer: Yokohama F. Marinos (J. League Division 1), Yokohama F.C. (J. League Division 2)
- Baseball: Yokohama BayStars
Economy[link]
The city has a strong economic base, especially in the shipping, biotechnology, and semiconductor industries. Nissan moved its headquarters to Yokohama from Chūō, Tokyo in 2010.[15]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121120000700/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
Transport[link]
Yokohama is serviced by the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, a high-speed rail line with a stop at Shin-Yokohama Station. Yokohama Station is also a major station, with two million passengers daily. The Yokohama Municipal Subway provides metro services.
|
This section requires expansion. |
Places of interest[link]
The historic port area is Kannai. Next to the waterfront Yamashita Park is Yokohama Marine Tower, the tallest inland lighthouse in the world.[16] Further inland lies Yokohama Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in Japan and one of the largest in the world. Nearby is Yokohama Stadium, the Silk Center, and the Yokohama Doll Museum.[17] The Isezakichō and Noge areas offer many colourful shops and bars that, with their restaurants and stores catering to residents from China, Thailand, South Korea, and other countries, have an increasingly international flavour.
The small but fashionable Motomachi shopping area leads up to Yamate, or "The Bluff" as it used to be known, a 19th/early 20th century Westerners' settlement overlooking the harbour, scattered with foreigners' mansions. A foreigners' cemetery and the Harbour View Park (港の見える丘公園, Minato no mieru oka kōen) is in the area. Within the park are a rose garden and the Kanagawa Museum of Modern Literature.
There are various points of interest in the futuristic Minato Mirai 21 harbourside redevelopment. The highlights are the Landmark Tower which is the tallest building in Japan, Queen's Square Yokohama (a shopping mall) and the Cosmo Clock 21, which was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world when it was built in 1989 and which also doubles as "the world's biggest clock".
The Shin-Yokohama district, where the Shinkansen station is located, is some distance away from the harbour area, and features the 17,000 capacity Yokohama Arena, the Shin-Yokohama Raumen Museum, and Nissan Stadium, known as the International Stadium Yokohama when it was the setting for the final for the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
The city is home to the Central League baseball team, the Yokohama BayStars, and the soccer teams, Yokohama F. Marinos and Yokohama F.C.
Sankei-en is a traditional Japanese-style garden in Naka Ward.[18] Designed by businessman Tomitaro Hara, it contains seventeen old buildings brought from all over Japan, ten of which have been declared Important National Cultural Properties.[18]
Among the attractions are festivals and events.[19]
Politics and government[link]
The Yokohama Municipal Assembly consists of 92 members elected from 18 Wards. The LDP has minority control with 30 seats with Democratic Party of Japan with a close 29. The mayor is Fumiko Hayashi, who succeeded Hiroshi Nakada in September 2009.
Wards[link]
Yokohama has 18 wards (ku):
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|
Railway stations[link]
- ■ East Japan Railway Company
- ■ Tōkaidō Main Line
- ■ Yokosuka Line
- – Yokohama – Hodogaya – Higashi-Totsuka – Totsuka –
- ■ Keihin-Tōhoku Line
- – Tsurumi – Shin-Koyasu – Higashi-Kanagawa – Yokohama
- ■ Negishi Line
- Yokohama – Sakuragichō – Kannai – Ishikawachō – Yamate – Negishi – Isogo – Shin-Sugita – Yōkōdai – Kōnandai – Hongōdai –
- ■ Yokohama Line
- Higashi-Kanagawa – Ōguchi – Kikuna – Shin-Yokohama – Kozukue – Kamoi – Nakayama – Tōkaichiba – Nagatsuta –
- ■ Nambu Line
- – Yakō –
- ■ Tsurumi Line
- Main Line : Tsurumi – Kokudō – Tsurumi-Ono – Bentembashi – Asano – Anzen –
- Umi-Shibaura Branch : Asano – Shin-Shibaura – Umi-Shibaura
- ■ Central Japan Railway Company
- ■ Tōkaidō Shinkansen
- – Shin-Yokohama –
- ■ Keihin Electric Express Railway
- ■ Keikyū Main Line
- – Tsurumi-Ichiba – Keikyū Tsurumi – Kagetsuen-mae – Namamugi – Keikyū Shin-Koyasu – Koyasu – Kanagawa-Shinmachi – Naka-Kido – Kanagawa – Yokohama – Tobe – Hinodechō – Koganechō – Minami-Ōta – Idogaya – Gumyōji – Kami-Ōoka – Byōbugaura – Sugita – Keikyū Tomioka – Nōkendai – Kanazawa-Bunko – Kanazawa-Hakkei –
- ■ Zushi Line
- Kanazawa-Hakkei – Mutsuura –
- ■ Tokyu Corporation
- ■ Tōyoko Line
- – Hiyoshi – Tsunashima – Ōkurayama – Kikuna – Myōrenji – Hakuraku – Higashi-Hakuraku – Tammachi – Yokohama
- ■ Meguro Line
- – Hiyoshi
- ■ Den-en-toshi Line
- ■ Kodomonokuni Line
- Nagatsuta – Onda – Kodomonokuni
- ■ Sagami Railway
- ■ Sagami Railway Main Line
- Yokohama – Hiranumabashi – Nishi-Yokohama – Tennōchō – Hoshikawa – Wadamachi – Kamihoshikawa – Nishiya – Tsurugamine – Futamatagawa – Kibōgaoka – Mitsukyō – Seya –
- ■ Izumino Line
- Futamatagawa – Minami-Makigahara – Ryokuentoshi – Yayoidai – Izumino – Izumi-chūō – Yumegaoka – Shōnandai
- ■ Yokohama Minatomirai Railway
- ■ Minatomirai Line
- Yokohama – Shin-Takashima – Minato Mirai – Bashamichi – Nihon-ōdōri – Motomachi-Chūkagai
- ■ Yokohama City Transportation Bureau
- ■ Blue Line
- – Shimoiida – Tateba – Nakada – Odoriba – Totsuka – Maioka – Shimonagaya – Kaminagaya – Kōnan-Chūō – Kami-Ōoka – Gumyōji – Maita – Yoshinochō – Bandōbashi – Isezakichōjamachi – Kannai – Sakuragichō – Takashimachō – Yokohama – Mitsuzawa-shimochō – Mitsuzawa-kamichō – Katakurachō – Kishine-kōen – Shin-Yokohama – Kita Shin-Yokohama – Nippa – Nakamachidai – Center Minami – Center Kita – Nakagawa – Azamino
- ■ Green Line
- Nakayama – Kawawachō – Tsuzuki-Fureai-no-Oka – Center Minami – Center Kita – Kita-Yamata – Higashi-Yamata – Takata – Hiyoshi-Honchō – Hiyoshi
- ■ Yokohama New Transit
- ■ Kanazawa Seaside Line
- Shin-Sugita – Nambu-Shijō – Torihama – Namiki-Kita – Namiki-Chūō – Sachiura – Sangyō-Shinkō-Center – Fukuura – Shidai-Igakubu – Hakkeijima – Uminokōen-Shibaguchi – Uminokōen-Minamiguchi – Nojimakōen – Kanazawa-Hakkei
International relations[link]
Yokohama has sister-city relationships with nine cities worldwide.[20]
Constanţa, Romania
Frankfurt, Germany[21]
Lyon, France[22]
Manila, Philippines
Mumbai, India
Odessa, Ukraine
San Diego, United States
Shanghai, China
Vancouver, Canada[23]
Education[link]
Public elementary and middle schools are operated by the city of Yokohama. There are nine public high schools which are operated by the Yokohama City Board of Education,[24] and a number of public high schools which are operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education.
In fiction[link]
- Yukio Mishima's novella The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With The Sea is set mainly in Yokohama. Mishima describes the city's port and its houses, and the Western influences that shaped them.
- The main setting of James Clavell's book Gai-Jin is in historical Yokohama.
- Anne McCaffrey's Dragonriders of Pern book series involves a spaceship named the Yokohama.
References[link]
Bibliography[link]
- Hammer, Joshua (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6465-5 (cloth).
- Heilbrun, Jacob. "Aftershocks". The New York Times, September 17, 2006.
Notes[link]
- ^ Yokohama official web side (English)
- ^ Tokyo is no longer a single incorporated city. See Tokyo for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.
- ^ Der Große Brockhaus. 16. edition. Vol. 6. F. A. Brockhaus, Wiesbaden 1955, p. 82
- ^ "Official Yokohama city website". City.yokohama.jp. http://www.city.yokohama.jp/me/kyoiku/library/perry/. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ Arita, Erika, "Happy Birthday Yokohama!", Japan Times, May 24, 2009, p. 7.
- ^ Matsutani, Minoru, "Yokohama – city on the cutting edge", Japan Times, May 29, 2009, p. 3.
- ^ Fukue, Natsuko, "Chinese immigrants played vital role", Japan Times, May 28, 2009, p. 3.
- ^ a b Interesting Tidbits of Yokohama[History of Yokohama] Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau Retrieved on February 7, 2009[dead link]
- ^ Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 143.
- ^ Hammer, pp. 149-170.
- ^ Osaka was once more populous than Yokohama is today.
- ^ "横浜市区別外国人登録人口（平成22年6月末現在）". http://www.city.yokohama.jp/me/stat/jinko/non-jp/new-j.html. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
- ^ "Yokohama Weather, When to Go and Yokohama Climate Information". world-guides.com. http://www.yokohama.world-guides.com/yokohama_weather.html. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
- ^ "過去の気象データ検索: 平年値（年・月ごとの値） ("Historical Climate data for Yokohama")". Japan Meteorological Agency. http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=46&prec_ch=%90_%93%DE%90%EC%8C%A7&block_no=47670&block_ch=%89%A1%95l&year=2010&month=&day=&elm=normal&view=.
- ^ "Nissan To Create New Global and Domestic Headquarters in Yokohama City by 2010". Japancorp.net. http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=7647. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
- ^ Sabin, Burritt (2002-03-17). "Yokohoma vs. Kobe: bright lights, big beacons". The Japan Times. http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20020317a6.html. Retrieved 2008-01-29
- ^ Official Yokohama city website (English)
- ^ a b Yokohama Sankei Garden, Sankei-en's official site accessed on November 3, 2009 (in Japanese)
- ^ "Things to do in the city of Yokohama". Learnjapaneselanguage.co.uk. 2007-05-12. http://www.learnjapaneselanguage.co.uk/articles/15/things-to-do-in-the-city-of-yokohama.php. Retrieved 2009-05-06. [dead link]
- ^ "Eight Cities/Six Ports: Yokohama's Sister Cities/Sister Ports". Yokohama Convention & Visitiors Bureau. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090505110044/http://www.welcome.city.yokohama.jp/eng/tourism/mame/a3000.html. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
- ^ [_id_inhalt=8527984 "Frankfurt am Main: Yokohama"]. 2011 Stadt Frankfurt am Main. http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=3932&_ffmpar[_id_inhalt]=8527984. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
- ^ "Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon". 2008 Mairie de Lyon. http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ "Vancouver Twinning Relationships" (PDF). City of Vancouver. http://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/cclerk/20080311/documents/a14.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
- ^ "Official Yokohama city website". City.yokohama.jp. http://www.city.yokohama.jp/me/kyoiku/gakkou_info/gakkou_info1000.html. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yokohama |
- Official website (English)
- Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau (English)
- Yokohama's international magazine website (English)
- "At the Future Port", by Vinod Jacob (a travel report). The Hindu Business Line, July 6, 2007.
- Yokohama guide in Pictures—Minato Mirai, Chinatown, Yamashita park, Sakuragicho, Stadium, Cosmo World
- Yokohama harbor, Marine survey chart (published 1874), Digital Gallery, National Archives of Japan
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Joris Voorn | |
|---|---|
| Also known as | Rejected (with Edwin Oosterwal) |
| Born | (1977-02-25) February 25, 1977 (age 35) |
| Origin | Schiedam, Netherlands |
| Genres | Detroit Techno, House, Deep House |
| Occupations | Producer, DJ |
| Years active | 1997 to present |
| Labels | Rejected, Green |
| Website | http://www.myspace.com/jorisvoorn |
Joris Voorn (25 February 1977, Moergestel) is a Dutch DJ who resides in Amsterdam. Joris is the co-owner of the Amsterdam based labels Rejected (with Edwin Oosterwal) and Green. He plays his own house-style which is considered close to Detroit Techno. Additionally Joris is a graduate in architecture.
Like many musicians, Voorn had a strong affiliation with music at a young age growing up in the city of Schiedam when he learned how to play the guitar and violin (his father was a composer of music). However, once the radio opened his mind to newer influences, Voorn became hooked on Techno. During his education he won a DJ competition in Enschede which kick-started Joris' music career. Since 1997 Joris has been regularly booked for gigs and had a residency at the ATAK. However his first production was not until 2002 when he released his "Muted Trax" EP. This release, as well as support from Carl Craig, Derrick May and Laurent Garnier[1] made him decide to (temporarily) give up architecture and focus on his DJing career. In 2003 his "Lost Memories" EP became another hit. In the same year Joris was crowned Talent of the Year at the Dutch DJ Awards.
Contents |
2009/2010[link]
2009 was the year in which Joris Voorn's popularity exploded. He released the "Balance014" compilation. It managed to mix approximately 100 songs into a double CD, morphing them into a collective mix. Only Richie Hawtin had managed to create such a challenging feed successfully in the past in his DE9 series.
Joris also released the "Dusty House Room" EPs which were a tremendous commercial success. His remix of Nalin & Kane's "Beachball" was one of the greater productions heard at the Miami Winter Music Conference and his "Sweep the Floor" was the Ibiza anthem of 2009. Joris Voorn was crowned Best Breakthrough at the annual Ibiza DJ Awards and climbed from 35th to 10th place in the Resident Advisor's DJ top 100.[2] 2009 included performances at Awakenings Festival, Space Ibiza, Amnesia and Sensation, as well as appearing in Pete Tong's Essential Mix. He is working on a new album to be released in 2012.
Releases[link]
Singles[link]
- Muted Trax Pt 1 & Pt 2 (Keynote, 2002)
- Lost Memories Pt 1 & Pt 2 (SINO, 2003)
- A1 Incident
- The Deep
- Deep Side Of The Moog
- Let's Go Juno (Rejected, 2007)
- Dusty House Room 1 (Rejected, 2009)
- A1 Sweep The Floor
- B1 Empty Trash
- Dusty House Room 2 (Rejected, 2009)
- A1 Chase The Mouse
- B1 We're All Clean
- The Secret (Cocoon Recordings, 2010)
- Incident (Miyagi)
- Together Feat Nic Fanciulli (Rejected, 2011)
- Goodbye Fly (2012)
Albums[link]
- Future History (SINO, 2004)
- From A Deep Place (Green, 2007)
Mix-Compilations[link]
- Fuse Presents Joris Voorn (Music Man Records / Minimaxima, 2005)
- Balance 014 (EQ Recordings, 2009)
- The Sound Of Sundays At Space Ibiza (Mixmag, 2010)
Remixes[link]
- Beach Kisses (Joris Voorn Green Mix) - Dosem
- For 12 Minutes She Danced With An Alien (Joris Voorn Ruff Mix) - Gerd
- Believer (Joris Voorn Dub) - Goldfrapp
- Phuture (Joris Voorn Remix) - Harry Choo Choo Romero
- One Life Stand (Joris Voorn Dusty Flower Remix) - Hot Chip
- Destination Nagano (Joris Voorn Remix) - Nagano Kitchen
- Beachball (Joris Voorn Remix) - Nalin & Kane
- Random Violence (Joris Voorn Green Mix) - Ripperton
- Dark Flower (Joris Voorn Magnolia Mix) - Robert Babicz
- Callisto - (Joris Voorn Remix) - Stephan Bodzin, Marc Romboy
- Kobra Dance (Joris Voorn Dub) - Wigald Boning
- The Tide (Joris Voorn Edit) - Mark Fanciulli
- After The Rain Comes the Sun (Joris Voorn Remix) - Solomun
- I Believe in Love - Arthur Baker featuring Jimmy Somerville
- After The After (Joris Voorn Edit) - Moby
References[link]
- ^ http://www.gomagazine.nl/article/read/5822-joris-voorn.html
- ^ http://www.residentadvisor.net/feature.aspx?1119
External links[link]
- http://www.ibiza-voice.com/story/news/1874
- http://www.djmag.com/top100/detail/2672
- http://www.discogs.com/artist/Joris+Voorn
- http://www.myspace.com/jorisvoorn
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Voorn, Joris |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Dutch musician |
| Date of birth | 25 February 1977 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Joris_Voorn
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Ворн, Йорис
http://fr.wn.com/Joris Voorn
http://nl.wn.com/Joris Voorn
http://de.wn.com/Joris Voorn
http://es.wn.com/Joris Voorn
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joris_Voorn
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation).
| Michael Jackson | |
|---|---|
 Jackson at the White House in 1984 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Michael Joseph Jackson[1] |
| Also known as | King of Pop, MJ |
| Born | (1958-08-29)August 29, 1958 Gary, Indiana, U.S. |
| Died | June 25, 2009(2009-06-25) (aged 50) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Genres | R&B, pop, rock, soul, dance, funk, disco, new jack swing |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, composer, dancer, choreographer, record producer, actor, businessman, philanthropist |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Years active | 1964–2009 |
| Labels | Motown, Epic, Legacy, MJJ Productions |
| Associated acts |
 Michael Jackson's Signature |
| Website | www.michaeljackson.com |
Michael Joseph Jackson[1] (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. Often referred to as the King of Pop, or by his initials MJ,[2] Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971.
In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with transforming the medium into an art form and a promotional tool, and the popularity of these videos helped to bring the relatively new television channel MTV to fame. Videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made him a staple on MTV in the 1990s. Through stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B, pop and rock artists.
Jackson's 1982 album Thriller is the best-selling album of all time. His other records, including Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995), also rank among the world's best-selling. Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll. Some of his other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award); 26 American Music Awards (more than any other artist, including the "Artist of the Century"); 13 number-one singles in the United States in his solo career (more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era); and the estimated sale of over 750 million records worldwide. Jackson won hundreds of awards, which made him the most-awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.[3] He was also one of the world's most prominent humanitarians and philanthropists; personally, and through his Heal the World Foundation, he donated more than $300 million in charity, and held the Guinness World Record for having supported the most charities out of any pop star.[4][5]
Aspects of Jackson's personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In 1993, he was accused of child sexual abuse, but the case was settled out of court and no formal charges were brought. In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts. While preparing for his concert series titled This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25, 2009, after suffering from cardiac arrest. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician was convicted of involuntary manslaughter. Jackson's death triggered a global outpouring of grief, and as many as one billion people around the world reportedly watched his public memorial service on live television. In March 2010, Sony Music Entertainment signed a $250 million deal with Jackson's estate to retain distribution rights to his recordings until 2017, and to release seven posthumous albums over the decade following his death.[6]
Contents
|
Life and career[link]
Early life and The Jackson 5 (1958–1975)[link]
Michael Jackson was born on August 29, 1958, the eighth of ten children in an African American working-class family who lived in a small 3-room house in Gary, Indiana,[7] an industrial city near Chicago. His mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness, and his father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, was a steel mill worker who performed with an R&B band called The Falcons. Jackson had three sisters: Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet, and five brothers: Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy.[8] A sixth brother, Brandon, died shortly after birth.[9]
Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe.[10][11][12] Joseph acknowledged in 2003 that he regularly whipped Jackson as a boy.[12] Jackson stated that he was physically and emotionally abused during incessant rehearsals, though he also credited his father's strict discipline with playing a large role in his success.[10] Jackson first spoke openly about his childhood abuse in an interview with Oprah Winfrey, broadcast in February 1993. He admitted that he had often cried from loneliness and he would vomit on the sight of his father. Jackson's father was also said to have verbally abused Jackson, saying that he had a fat nose on numerous occasions.[13] In fact, Michael Jackson's deep dissatisfaction with his appearance, his nightmares and chronic sleep problems, his tendency to remain hyper-compliant especially with his father, and to remain child-like throughout his adult life are in many ways consistent with the effects of this chronic maltreatment he endured as a young child.[14]
In an interview with Martin Bashir, later included in the 2003 broadcast of Living with Michael Jackson, Jackson acknowledged that his father hurt him when he was a child, but was nonetheless a "genius", as he admitted his father's strict discipline played a huge role in his success. When Bashir dismissed the positive remark and continued asking about beatings, Jackson put his hand over his face and objected to the questions. He recalled that Joseph sat in a chair with a belt in his hand as he and his siblings rehearsed, and that "if you didn't do it the right way, he would tear you up, really get you".[15][16]
In 1964, Michael and Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers—a band formed by brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine—as backup musicians playing congas and tambourine. Jackson later began performing backup vocals and dancing. When he was eight, Jackson began sharing the lead vocals with his older brother Jermaine, and the group's name was changed to The Jackson 5.[8] The band toured the Midwest extensively from 1966 to 1968, frequently performing at a string of black clubs known as the "chitlin' circuit", where they often opened stripteases and other adult acts. In 1966, they won a major local talent show with renditions of Motown hits and James Brown's "I Got You (I Feel Good)", led by Michael.[17]
The Jackson 5 recorded several songs, including "Big Boy", for the local record label Steeltown in 1967, before signing with Motown Records in 1968.[8] Rolling Stone magazine later described the young Michael as "a prodigy" with "overwhelming musical gifts," writing that he "quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer."[18] The group set a chart record when its first four singles ("I Want You Back", "ABC", "The Love You Save", and "I'll Be There") peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.[8] Between 1972 and 1975, Michael released four solo studio albums with Motown, among them Got to Be There and Ben, released as part of the Jackson 5 franchise, and producing successful singles such as "Got to Be There", "Ben", and a remake of Bobby Day's "Rockin' Robin".
The Jackson 5 "became a cutting-edge example of black crossover artists... five working-class black boys with afros and bell bottoms, and they really didn't have to trade any of that stuff in order to become mainstream stars."[19]
The group's sales began declining in 1973, and the band members chafed under Motown's strict refusal to allow them creative control or input. Although they scored several top 40 hits, including the top 5 disco single "Dancing Machine" and the top 20 hit "I Am Love", the Jackson 5 left Motown in 1975.[20]
[edit] Move to Epic and Off the Wall (1975–81)
In June 1975, the Jackson 5 signed with Epic Records, a subsidiary of CBS Records[20] and renamed themselves the Jacksons. Younger brother Randy formally joined the band around this time, while Jermaine left to pursue a solo career.[21] They continued to tour internationally, releasing six more albums between 1976 and 1984, during which Michael was the lead songwriter, writing hits such as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)", "This Place Hotel", and "Can You Feel It".[17] In 1978, he starred as the scarecrow in the musical, The Wiz, a box-office disaster. It was here that he teamed up with Quincy Jones, who was arranging the film's musical score. Jones agreed to produce Jackson's next solo album, Off the Wall.[22] In 1979, Jackson broke his nose during a complex dance routine. His subsequent rhinoplasty was not a complete success; he complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to Dr. Steven Hoefflin, who performed Jackson's second rhinoplasty and subsequent operations.[23]
Jones and Jackson produced the Off the Wall album together. Songwriters for the album included Jackson, Rod Temperton, Stevie Wonder, and Paul McCartney. Released in 1979, it was the first solo album to generate four U.S. top 10 hits, including the chart-topping singles "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough" and "Rock with You".[24][25] It reached number three on the Billboard 200 and eventually sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[26] In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[27][28] That year, he also won Billboard Year-End for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance, also for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[24] Jackson again won at the American Music Awards in 1981 for Favorite Soul/R&B Album and Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist.[29] Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release.[30] In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.[31]
[edit] Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever (1982–83)
In 1982, Jackson contributed the song "Someone In the Dark" to the storybook for the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial; the record won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children in 1984. In the same year he won another seven Grammys and eight American Music Awards (including the Award of Merit, the youngest artist to win it), making him the most awarded in one night for both award shows.[32][33] These awards were thanks to the Thriller album, released in late 1982, which was 1983's best-selling album worldwide[34][35] and became the best-selling album of all time in the United States,[36] as well as the best-selling album of all time worldwide, selling an estimated 110 million copies so far.[37] The album topped the Billboard 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to have seven Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It", and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[38] Thriller was certified for 29 million shipments by the RIAA, giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. The album won also another Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical in 1984, awarding Bruce Swedien for his work.[39] Jackson's attorney John Branca noted that Jackson had the highest royalty rate in the music industry at that point: approximately $2 for every album sold. He was also making record-breaking profits from sales of his recordings. The videocassette of the documentary The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller sold over 350,000 copies in a few months. The era saw the arrival of novelties like dolls modeled after Michael Jackson, which appeared in stores in May 1984 at a price of $12.[40] Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli writes that, "Thriller stopped selling like a leisure item—like a magazine, a toy, tickets to a hit movie—and started selling like a household staple."[41] In 1985, The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Longform.[32] In December 2009, the music video for "Thriller" was selected for the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, "Thriller" is the first music video ever to be inducted.[42][43][44]
Time described Jackson's influence at that point as "Star of records, radio, rock video. A one-man rescue team for the music business. A songwriter who sets the beat for a decade. A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street. A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style and color too".[40] The New York Times wrote that, "in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else".[45]
On March 25th 1983, Michael Jackson reunited with his brothers for a legendary live performance which was taped for a Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever television special. The show aired on May 16, 1983, to an audience of 47 million viewers, and featured the Jacksons and a number of other Motown stars. It is best remembered for Jackson's solo performance of "Billie Jean". Wearing a distinctive black sequin jacket and golf glove decorated with rhinestones, he debuted his signature dance move, the moonwalk, which former Soul Train dancer and Shalamar member Jeffrey Daniel had taught him three years before. The Jacksons' performance drew comparisons to Elvis Presley's and The Beatles' appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show.[46] Anna Kisselgoff of The New York Times later wrote, "The moonwalk that he made famous is an apt metaphor for his dance style. How does he do it? As a technician, he is a great illusionist, a genuine mime. His ability to keep one leg straight as he glides while the other bends and seems to walk requires perfect timing."[47]
Pepsi, "We Are the World" and business career (1984–85)[link]
On January 27, 1984, Michael and other members of the Jacksons filmed a Pepsi Cola commercial, overseen by executive Phil Dusenberry,[48] from ad agency BBDO and Pepsi's Worldwide Creative Director, Alan Pottasch at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. In front of a full house of fans during a simulated concert, pyrotechnics accidentally set Jackson's hair on fire. He suffered second-degree burns to his scalp. Jackson underwent treatment to hide the scars on his scalp, and he also had his third rhinoplasty shortly thereafter.[23] Jackson never recovered from this injury. Pepsi settled out of court, and Jackson donated his $1.5 million settlement to the Brotman Medical Center in Culver City, California, which now has a "Michael Jackson Burn Center" in honor of his donation.[49] Dusenberry later recounted the episode in his memoir, Then We Set His Hair on Fire: Insights and Accidents from a Hall of Fame Career in Advertising.
On May 14, 1984, Jackson was invited to the White House to receive an award from President Ronald Reagan for his support of charities that helped people overcome alcohol and drug abuse.[50] Jackson won eight awards during the Grammys that year. Unlike later albums, Thriller did not have an official tour to promote it, but the 1984 Victory Tour, headlined by The Jacksons, showcased much of Jackson's new solo material to more than two million Americans. He donated all the funds (around $8 million) raised from the Victory Tour to charity.[51] He also co-wrote the charity single "We Are the World" in 1985 with Lionel Richie, which was released worldwide to aid the poor in the U.S. and Africa. It became one of the best-selling singles of all time, with nearly 30 million copies sold and millions of dollars donated to famine relief. In 1986, "We Are the World" won four Grammys (one for Jackson for Song of the Year). American Music Award directors removed the charity song from the competition because they felt it would be inappropriate, but recognized it with two special honors (one for the creation of the song and one for the USA for Africa idea). They are the only AMAs that Jackson won as non-solo artist.[52][53][54][55]
In 1984, ATV Music Publishing, which had the copyrights to nearly 4000 songs, including the Northern Songs catalog that contained the majority of the Lennon–McCartney compositions recorded by The Beatles, was put up for sale by Robert Holmes à Court.[56] Jackson had become interested in owning music catalogs after working with Paul McCartney in the early 1980s: Jackson had learned McCartney made approximately $40 million a year from other people's songs.[57] In 1981,[58] McCartney was offered the ATV music catalog for £20 million ($40 million).[57][59] According to McCartney, he contacted Yoko Ono about making a joint purchase by splitting the cost equally at £10 million each, but Ono thought they could buy it for £5 million each.[57][59] When they were unable to make the joint purchase, McCartney let the offer fall through, not wanting to be the sole owner of the Beatles' songs.[58][59]
According to a negotiator for Holmes à Court in the 1984 sale, "We had given Paul McCartney first right of refusal but Paul didn't want it at that time."[60] Also, an attorney for McCartney assured Jackson's attorney, John Branca, that McCartney was not interested in bidding: McCartney reportedly said "It's too pricey".[57][58] But there were several other companies and investors bidding. In September 1984, Jackson was first informed about the sale by Branca and sent a bid of $46 million on November 20, 1984.[56] Jackson's agents thought they had a deal several times, but encountered new bidders or new areas of debate.[56] In May 1985, Jackson's team walked away from talks after having spent over $1 million on four months of due diligence and on the negotiations.[56]
In June 1985, Jackson and Branca learned that Charles Koppelman's and Marty Bandier's The Entertainment Co. had made a tentative agreement with Holmes à Court to buy ATV Music for $50 million.[56] But in early August, Holmes à Court's team contacted Jackson and talks resumed. Jackson raised his bid to $47.5 million and it was accepted because he could close the deal more quickly, having already completed due diligence of ATV Music.[56] He also agreed to visit Holmes à Court in Australia, where he would appear on the Channel Seven Perth Telethon.[56][60] Jackson's purchase of ATV Music was finalized August 10, 1985.[56]
[edit] Appearance, tabloids, Bad, films, autobiography and Neverland (1986–90)
See also: Michael Jackson's health and appearance
File:Michael Jackson King of Pop 1988.jpg
Jackson two years after he was diagnosed with vitiligo, here in the early stages of the disease
Jackson's skin had been a medium-brown color for the entire duration of his youth, but starting in the mid 1980s, it gradually grew paler. The change gained widespread media coverage, including rumors that he might be bleaching his skin.[61] According to J. Randy Taraborrelli's biography, in 1986, Jackson was diagnosed with vitiligo and lupus; the vitiligo partially lightened his skin, and the lupus was in remission; both illnesses made him sensitive to sunlight. The treatments he used for his condition further lightened his skin tone, and, with the application of pancake makeup to even out blotches, he could appear very pale.[62] Jackson was also diagnosed with vitiligo in his autopsy.[63] By the mid 1990s several surgeons speculated that he had undergone various nasal surgeries, a forehead lift, thinned lips, and cheekbone surgery—although Jackson denied this and insisted that he only had surgery on his nose.[64] Jackson claimed that he had only two rhinoplasties and no other surgery on his face, although at one point he mentioned having a dimple created in his chin.[65] Jackson lost weight in the early 1980s because of a change in diet and a desire for "a dancer's body".[65] Witnesses reported that he was often dizzy and speculated that he was suffering from anorexia nervosa; periods of weight loss would become a recurring problem later in life.[66]
During the course of his treatment, Jackson made two close friends: his dermatologist, Dr. Arnold Klein, and Klein's nurse Debbie Rowe. Rowe eventually became Jackson's second wife and the mother of his two eldest children. Long before becoming romantically involved with her, Jackson relied heavily on Rowe for emotional support. He also relied heavily on Klein, for medical and business advice.[67]
Jackson became the subject of increasingly sensational reports. In 1986, the tabloids ran a story claiming that Jackson slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to slow the aging process; he was pictured lying down in a glass box. Although the claim was untrue, according to tabloid reports that are widely cited, Jackson had disseminated the fabricated story himself.[68][69] When Jackson bought a chimpanzee called Bubbles from a laboratory, he was reported to be increasingly detached from reality.[70] It was reported that Jackson had offered to buy the bones of Joseph Merrick (the "elephant man") and although untrue, Jackson did not deny the story.[68][69] Although initially he saw these stories as opportunities for publicity, he stopped leaking untruths to the press as they became more sensational. Consequently the media began making up their own stories.[69][71][72] These reports became embedded in the public consciousness, inspiring the nickname "Wacko Jacko", which Jackson came to despise.[73] Responding to the gossip, Jackson remarked to Taraborrelli:
Why not just tell people I'm an alien from Mars? Tell them I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight. They'll believe anything you say, because you're a reporter. But if I, Michael Jackson, were to say, "I'm an alien from Mars and I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight," people would say, "Oh, man, that Michael Jackson is nuts. He's cracked up. You can't believe a single word that comes out of his mouth."[74]
Jackson collaborated with George Lucas and Francis Ford Coppola on the 17-minute 3-D film Captain EO, which debuted in September 1986 at both the original Disneyland and at EPCOT in Florida, and in March 1987 at Tokyo Disneyland. The $30 million movie was a popular attraction at all three parks. A Captain EO attraction was later featured at Euro Disneyland after that park opened in 1992. All four parks' Captain EO installations stayed open well into the 1990s: Paris' installation was the last one to close, in 1998.[75] The attraction would later return to Disneyland in 2010 after Jackson's death.[76]
In 1987, Jackson disassociated himself from the Jehovah's Witnesses, in response to their disapproval of the Thriller video.[77] With the industry expecting another major hit, Jackson's first album in five years, Bad (1987), was highly anticipated.[78] It did not top Thriller as a commercial or artistic triumph, but Bad was still a substantial success in its own right.
The Bad album spawned seven hit singles in the U.S., five of which ("I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror" and "Dirty Diana") reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. This was a record for most number one Hot 100 singles from any one album, including Thriller.[79] Although the title track's video was arguably derivative of the video for the earlier single "Beat It", the "Bad" video still proved to be one of Jackson's iconic moments. It was a gritty but colorful epic set against the backdrop of the New York City Subway system, with costuming and choreography inspired by West Side Story. As of 2012, the album sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide.[80][81][82][83][84][85][86] Thanks to the Bad album, Bruce Swedien and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1989.[32][39] In the same year, Jackson won an Award of Achievement at the American Music Awards because Bad is the first album ever to generate five number one singles in the US, the first album to top in 25 countries and the best-selling album worldwide in 1987 and in 1988.[87][88][89][90] In 1988, "Bad" won an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Single.[91]
The Bad World Tour began on September 12 that year, finishing on January 14, 1989.[92] In Japan alone, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record of 200,000 in a single tour.[93] Jackson broke a Guinness World Record when 504,000 people attended seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium. He performed a total of 123 concerts to an audience of 4.4 million people. The Bad Tour turned out to be the last of Jackson's concert tours to include shows in the continental United States, although later tours did make it to Hawaii.
In 1988, Jackson released his first and only autobiography, Moonwalk, which took four years to complete and sold 200,000 copies.[94] Jackson wrote about his childhood, The Jackson 5, and the abuse he had suffered.[95] He also wrote about his facial appearance, saying he had had two rhinoplastic surgeries and a dimple created in his chin.[65] He attributed much of the change in the structure of his face to puberty, weight loss, a strict vegetarian diet, a change in hair style, and stage lighting.[65] Moonwalk reached the top position on The New York Times best sellers' list.[96] The musician then released a film called Moonwalker, which featured live footage and short films that starred Jackson and Joe Pesci. The film was originally intended to be released to theaters but due to financial issues, the film was released direct-to-video. It saw a theatrical release in Germany, though. It debuted atop the Billboard Top Music Video Cassette chart, staying there for 22 weeks. It was eventually knocked off the top spot by Michael Jackson: The Legend Continues.[97]
In March 1988, Jackson purchased land near Santa Ynez, California, to build Neverland Ranch at a cost of $17 million. He installed Ferris wheels, a menagerie, and a movie theater on the 2,700-acre (11 km2) property. A security staff of 40 patrolled the grounds. In 2003, it was valued at approximately $100 million.[18][98] In 1989, his annual earnings from album sales, endorsements, and concerts was estimated at $125 million for that year alone.[99] Shortly afterwards, he became the first Westerner to appear in a television ad in the Soviet Union.[97]
His success resulted in his being dubbed the "King of Pop".[100][101][102][103] The nickname was popularized by Elizabeth Taylor when she presented him with the Soul Train Heritage Award in 1989, proclaiming him "the true king of pop, rock and soul."[104] President George H. W. Bush designated him the White House's "Artist of the Decade".[105] From 1985 to 1990, he donated $500,000 to the United Negro College Fund, and all of the profits from his single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity.[106][107] Jackson's live rendition of "You Were There" at Sammy Davis Jr.'s 60th birthday celebration received an Emmy nomination.[97]
[edit] Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation and Super Bowl XXVII (1991–93)
In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million, a record-breaking deal at the time,[108] displacing Neil Diamond's renewal contract with Columbia Records.[109] He released his eighth album Dangerous in 1991. As of 2008, Dangerous had shipped seven million copies in the U.S. and had sold 32 million copies worldwide. The Dangerous album was co-produced by Teddy Riley, one of the pioneers of "new jack swing" which convinced Michael to feature a rapper on his album for the first time, the act worked and it turned out to be the best-selling album associated with that movement.[110][111][112] In the United States, the album's first single "Black or White" was its biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide.[113] The album's second single "Remember the Time" spent eight weeks in the top five in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[114] At the end of 1992, Dangerous was awarded 1992's best-selling album worldwide and "Black or White" was awarded 1992's best-selling single worldwide at the Billboard Music Awards. Additionally, he won an award as best-selling artist of the '80s.[115] In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the Soul Train Music Awards in a chair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals.[116] In the UK and other parts of Europe, "Heal the World" was the biggest hit from the album; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.[114]
Jackson founded the Heal the World Foundation in 1992. The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's ranch to enjoy theme park rides that Jackson had built on the property. The foundation also sent millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war, poverty, and disease. In the same year Jackson published his second book, the bestselling collection of poetry, Dancing the Dream. While it was a commercial success and revealed a more intimate side to Jackson's nature, the collection was mostly critically unacclaimed at the time of release. In 2009, the book was republished by Doubleday and was more positively received by some critics in the wake of Jackson's untimely death. The Dangerous World Tour grossed $100 million. The tour began on June 27, 1992, and finished on November 11, 1993. Jackson performed to 3.5 million people in 67 concerts.[114][117] He sold the broadcast rights to his Dangerous world tour to HBO for $20 million, a record-breaking deal that still stands.[118]
Following the illness and death of Ryan White, Jackson helped draw public attention to HIV/AIDS, something that was still controversial at the time. He publicly pleaded with the Clinton Administration at Bill Clinton's Inaugural Gala to give more money to HIV/AIDS charities and research.[119][120] In a high-profile visit to Africa, Jackson visited several countries, among them Gabon and Egypt.[121] His first stop to Gabon was greeted with a sizable and enthusiastic reception of more than 100,000 people, some of them carrying signs that read, "Welcome Home Michael."[121] In his trip to Côte d'Ivoire, Jackson was crowned "King Sani" by a tribal chief.[121] He then thanked the dignitaries in French and English, signed official documents formalizing his kingship and sat on a golden throne while presiding over ceremonial dances.[121]
In January 1993, Jackson made a memorable appearance at the halftime show at Super Bowl XXVII. The performance began with Jackson catapulting onto the stage as fireworks went off behind him. As he landed on the canvas, he maintained a motionless "clenched fist, standing statue stance", dressed in a gold and black military outfit and sunglasses; he remained completely motionless for a minute and a half while the crowd cheered. He then slowly removed his sunglasses, threw them away and sang four songs: "Jam", "Billie Jean", "Black or White" and "Heal the World". It was the first Super Bowl where the audience figures increased during the half-time show, and was viewed by 135 million Americans alone; Jackson's Dangerous album rose 90 places up the album chart.[61] Jackson was given the "Living Legend Award" at the 35th Grammy Awards in Los Angeles. "Black or White" was Grammy-nominated for best vocal performance. "Jam" gained two nominations: Best R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song.[114] The Dangerous album won a Grammy for Best Engineered – Non Classical, awarding the work of Bruce Swedien and Teddy Riley. In the same year, Michael Jackson won three American Music Awards for Favorite Pop/Rock Album (Dangerous), Favorite Soul/R&B Single ("Remember the Time") and was the first to win the International Artist Award, for his global performances and humanitarian concerns. This award will bear his name in the future.[32][39][122]
First child sexual abuse allegations and first marriage (1993–94)[link]
Jackson gave a 90-minute interview to Oprah Winfrey on February 10, 1993, his second television interview since 1979. He grimaced when speaking of his childhood abuse at the hands of his father; he believed he had missed out on much of his childhood years, admitting that he often cried from loneliness. He denied tabloid rumors that he had bought the bones of the Elephant Man, slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber, or bleached his skin, stating for the first time that he had vitiligo. The interview was watched by an American audience of 90 million. Dangerous re-entered the album chart in the top 10, more than a year after its original release.[16][61][114]
In the summer of 1993, Jackson was accused of child sexual abuse by a 13-year-old boy named Jordan Chandler and his father, Dr. Evan Chandler, a dentist.[123][124][125] The Chandler family demanded payment from Jackson, and the singer initially refused. Jordan Chandler eventually told the police that Jackson had sexually abused him.[126] Dr. Chandler was tape-recorded discussing his intention to pursue charges, saying, "If I go through with this, I win big-time. There's no way I lose. I will get everything I want and they will be destroyed forever ... Michael's career will be over". Jordan's mother was, however, adamant that there had been no wrongdoing on Jackson's part.[125] Jackson later used the recording to argue that he was the victim of a jealous father whose only goal was to extort money from the singer.[125]
Later that year, on December 20, Jackson's home was raided by the police, and Jackson submitted to a 25-minute strip search.[127] Jordan Chandler had reportedly given police a description of Jackson's intimate parts, notably claiming that his bleach-damaged penis was circumcised; the strip search revealed, to the contrary, that Jackson was actually uncircumcised,[128] a fact confirmed in his autopsy.[129] His friends said he never recovered from the humiliation of the strip search. The investigation was inconclusive and no charges were ever filed.[130][131] Jackson described the search in an emotional public statement, and proclaimed his innocence.[123][127][132] On January 1, 1994, Jackson's insurance carrier settled with the Chandlers out of court for $22 million. A Santa Barbara County grand jury and a Los Angeles County grand jury disbanded on May 2, 1994 without indicting Jackson.[133] After which time the Chandlers stopped co-operating with the criminal investigation around July 6, 1994.[134][135][136] The out-of-court settlement's documentation specifically stated Jackson admitted no wrongdoing and no liability; the Chandlers and their family lawyer Larry Feldman signed it without contest.[137] The Chandlers' lawyer Mr. Feldman also explicitly stated "nobody bought anybody's silence".[138] A decade after the fact, during the second round of child abuse allegations, Jackson's lawyers would file a memo stating that the 1994 settlement was done without his consent.[135]
In May 1994, Jackson married the daughter of Elvis Presley, Lisa Marie Presley. They had first met in 1975, when a seven-year-old Presley attended one of Jackson's family engagements at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino, and were reconnected through a mutual friend.[139] According to a friend of Presley's, "their adult friendship began in November 1992 in L.A."[140] They stayed in contact every day over the telephone. As the child molestation accusations became public, Jackson became dependent on Presley for emotional support; she was concerned about his faltering health and addiction to drugs.[141] Presley explained, "I believed he didn't do anything wrong and that he was wrongly accused and yes I started falling for him. I wanted to save him. I felt that I could do it."[142] She eventually persuaded him to settle the allegations out of court and go into rehabilitation to recover.[141]
Jackson proposed to Presley over the telephone towards the fall of 1993, saying, "If I asked you to marry me, would you do it?"[141] They married in the Dominican Republic in secrecy, denying it for nearly two months afterwards.[143] The marriage was, in her words, "a married couple's life ... that was sexually active".[144] At the time, the tabloid media speculated that the wedding was a ploy to prop up Jackson's public image.[143] The marriage lasted less than two years and ended with an amicable divorce settlement.[145] In a 2010 interview with Oprah, Presley admitted that they spent four more years after the divorce "getting back together and breaking up", until she decided to stop.[146]
[edit] HIStory, second marriage and fatherhood (1995–99)
In 1995, Jackson merged his ATV Music catalog with Sony's music publishing division creating Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Jackson retained half-ownership of the company, earned $95 million upfront as well as the rights to even more songs.[147][148] He then released the double album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The first disc, HIStory Begins, was a 15-track greatest hits album, and was later reissued as Greatest Hits: HIStory, Volume I in 2001, while the second disc, HIStory Continues, contained 15 new songs. The album debuted at number one on the charts and has been certified for seven million shipments in the US.[149] It is the best-selling multiple-disc album of all-time, with 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide.[113][150] HIStory received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year.[151]
The first single released from the album was the double A-side "Scream/Childhood". "Scream" was a duet, performed with Jackson's youngest sister Janet. The song fights against the media, mainly for what the media made him out to be during his 1993 child abuse allegations. The single had the highest debut on the Billboard Hot 100 at number five, and received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals".[151] "You Are Not Alone" was the second single released from HIStory; it holds the Guinness World Record for the first song ever to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[99] It was seen as a major artistic and commercial success, receiving a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Vocal Performance".[151] In late 1995, Jackson was rushed to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance; the incident was caused by a stress-related panic attack.[152] "Earth Song" was the third single released from HIStory, and topped the UK Singles Chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995; it sold a million copies, making it Jackson's most successful single in the UK.[151] The track "They Don't Care About Us" became controversial when the Anti-Defamation League and other groups criticized its allegedly antisemitic lyrics. Jackson quickly put out a revised version of the song without the offending lyrics.[153] In 1996, Jackson won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Scream" and an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist.[32][154]
The album was promoted with the successful HIStory World Tour. The tour began on September 7, 1996, and finished on October 15, 1997. Jackson performed 82 concerts in 58 cities to over 4.5 million fans, and grossed up a total of $165 million. The show, which visited five continents and 35 countries, became Jackson's most successful in terms of audience figures.[92] During the tour, Jackson married his longtime friend Deborah Jeanne Rowe, a dermatology nurse, in an impromptu ceremony in Sydney, Australia. Rowe was approximately six months pregnant with the couple's first child at the time. Originally, Rowe and Jackson had no plans to marry, but Jackson's mother Katherine persuaded them to do so.[155] Michael Joseph Jackson Jr (commonly known as Prince) was born on February 13, 1997; his sister Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson was born a year later on April 3, 1998.[145][156] The couple divorced in 1999, and Jackson got full custody of the children. The divorce was relatively amicable, but a subsequent custody suit was not settled until 2006.[157][158]
In 1997, Jackson released Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, which contained remixes of hit singles from HIStory and five new songs. Worldwide sales stand at 6 million copies as of 2007, it is the best selling remix album ever released.[159] It reached number one in the UK, as did the title track.[159][160] In the US, the album was certified platinum, but only reached number 24.[110][151] Forbes placed his annual income at $35 million in 1996 and $20 million in 1997.[98] Throughout June 1999, Jackson was involved in a number of charitable events. He joined Luciano Pavarotti for a benefit concert in Modena, Italy. The show was in support of the nonprofit organization War Child, and raised a million dollars for the refugees of Kosovo, FR Yugoslavia, as well as additional funds for the children of Guatemala.[161] Later that month, Jackson organized a set of "Michael Jackson & Friends" benefit concerts in Germany and Korea. Other artists involved included Slash, The Scorpions, Boyz II Men, Luther Vandross, Mariah Carey, A. R. Rahman, Prabhu Deva Sundaram, Shobana, Andrea Bocelli and Luciano Pavarotti. The proceeds went to the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, the Red Cross and UNESCO.[162]
[edit] Label dispute, Invincible and third child (2000–03)
At the turn of the century, the American Music Awards honored Jackson as Artist of the '80s.[163] Throughout 2000 and 2001, Jackson worked in the studio with Teddy Riley and Rodney Jerkins, as well as other collaborators. These sessions would result in the album Invincible, released in October 2001. Invincible was Jackson's first full-length album in six years, and it would be the last album of new material he released while still alive. The release of the album was preceded by a dispute between Jackson and his record label, Sony Music Entertainment. Jackson had expected the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him sometime in the early 2000s. Once he had the licenses, he would be able to promote the material however he pleased and he would also be able to keep all the profits. However, due to various clauses in the contract, the revert date turned out to be many years away. Jackson discovered that the attorney who represented him in the deal was also representing Sony.[160] Jackson was also concerned about the fact that for a number of years, Sony had been pressuring him to sell his share in their music catalog venture. Jackson feared that Sony might have a conflict of interest, since if Jackson's career failed he would have to sell his share of the catalog at a low price.[164] Jackson sought an early exit from his contract.[160] Just before the release of Invincible, Jackson informed the head of Sony Music Entertainment, Tommy Mottola, that he was leaving Sony.[160] As a result, all singles releases, video shootings and promotions concerning the Invincible album were suspended.
In September 2001, two 30th Anniversary concerts were held at Madison Square Garden to mark the singer's 30th year as a solo artist. Jackson appeared onstage alongside his brothers for the first time since 1984. The show also featured performances by Mýa, Usher, Whitney Houston, 'N Sync, Destiny's Child, Monica, Luther Vandross, and Slash, among other artists.[165] The second of the two shows took place the night before the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.[166] After 9/11, Jackson helped organize the United We Stand: What More Can I Give benefit concert at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. The concert took place on October 21, 2001, and included performances from dozens of major artists, including Jackson, who performed his song "What More Can I Give" as the finale.[164] Jackson's solo performances were omitted from the televised version of the benefit concert, although he could still be seen singing background vocals. This omission happened because of contractual issues related to the earlier 30th Anniversary concerts: those concerts were boiled down into a two-hour TV special titled Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration: The Solo Years which debuted in November 2001.
In spite of the events preceding its release, Invincible came out in October 2001 to much anticipation. Invincible proved to be a hit, debuting atop the charts in 13 countries and going on to sell approximately 13 million copies worldwide. It received double-platinum certification in the US.[110][113][167] However, the sales for Invincible were lower than those of his previous releases, due in part to a lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute. The album also came out at a bad time for the music industry in general.[164] The album cost $30 million to record, not including promotional expenditures.[168] Invincible spawned three singles, "You Rock My World", "Cry" and "Butterflies", the latter without a music video. Jackson alleged in July 2002 that Mottola was a "devil" and a "racist" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own personal gain.[164] He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a "fat nigger".[169] Sony refused to renew Jackson's contract, and claimed that a $25 million promotional campaign had failed because Jackson refused to tour in the United States.[168]
In 2002, Michael Jackson won his 22nd American Music Award for Artist of the Century.[170] In the same year, Jackson's third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (nicknamed "Blanket") was born.[171] The mother's identity is unknown, but Jackson has said the child was the result of artificial insemination from a surrogate mother and his own sperm.[157] On November 20 of that year, Jackson brought his newborn son onto the balcony of his room at the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, as fans stood below, holding him in his right arm, with a cloth loosely draped over the baby's face. The baby was briefly extended over a railing, four stories above ground level, causing widespread criticism in the media. Jackson later apologized for the incident, calling it "a terrible mistake".[172] Sony released Number Ones, a compilation of Jackson's hits on CD and DVD. In the US, the album was certified triple platinum by the RIAA; in the UK it was certified six times platinum for shipments of at least 1.2 million units.[110][173]
Second child sexual abuse allegations and acquittal (2003–05)[link]
Further information: Living with Michael Jackson and People v. Jackson
Beginning in May 2002, Jackson allowed a documentary film crew, led by British TV personality Martin Bashir, to follow him around just about everywhere he went. Bashir's film crew was with Jackson during the "baby-dangling incident" in Berlin. The program was broadcast in March 2003 as Living with Michael Jackson, and painted an extraordinarily unflattering portrait of the singer.
In a particularly controversial scene, Jackson was seen holding hands and discussing sleeping arrangements with a young boy.[174] As soon as the documentary aired, the Santa Barbara county attorney's office began a criminal investigation. Jackson was arrested in November 2003, and was charged with seven counts of child molestation and two counts of administering an intoxicating agent in relation to the 13 year old boy shown in the film.[174] Jackson denied the allegations, saying the sleepovers were not sexual in nature. The People v. Jackson trial began on January 31, 2005, in Santa Maria, California, and lasted five months, until the end of May. On June 13, 2005, Jackson was acquitted on all counts.[175][176][177] After the trial, in a highly publicized relocation he moved to the Persian Gulf island of Bahrain, as a guest of Sheikh Abdullah.[178] Bahrain was also where the family intended to send Jackson if he was convicted (though Jackson did not know about the plan), according to a statement by Jermaine Jackson printed in The Times of London in September 2011.[179]
[edit] Closure of Neverland, final years and This Is It (2006–09)
In March 2006, the main house at the Neverland Ranch was closed as a cost-cutting measure.[180] There were numerous reports around that time that Jackson was having financial problems. Jackson had been delinquent on his repayments of a $270 million loan secured against his music publishing holdings, even though those holdings were reportedly making him as much as $75 million a year.[181] Bank of America sold the debt to Fortress Investments. Sony reportedly proposed a restructuring deal which would give them a future option to buy half of Jackson's stake in their jointly owned publishing company (leaving Jackson with a 25% stake).[148] Jackson agreed to a Sony-backed refinancing deal in April 2006, although the exact details were not made public.[182] Jackson did not have a recording contract in place with Sony or any other major record label at the time.
In early 2006, there was an announcement that Jackson had signed a contract with a Bahrain-based startup called Two Seas Records. However, nothing ever came of that deal, and the CEO of Two Seas, Guy Holmes, later stated that the deal had never been finalized.[183][184] Throughout 2006, Sony repackaged 20 singles from the 1980s and 1990s as the Michael Jackson: Visionary series, which subsequently became a box set. Most of those singles returned to the charts as a result. In September 2006, Jackson and his ex-wife Debbie Rowe confirmed reports that they had settled their long-running child custody suit. The terms were never made public. Jackson continued to be the custodial parent of the couple's two children.[158] In October 2006, Fox News entertainment reporter Roger Friedman said that Jackson had been recording at a studio in rural Westmeath, Ireland. It was not known at the time what Jackson might be working on, or who might be paying for the sessions, since his publicist had recently issued a statement claiming that he had left Two Seas.[184][185]
In November 2006, Jackson invited an Access Hollywood camera crew into the studio in Westmeath, and MSNBC broke the story that he was working on a new album, produced by will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas.[113] Jackson performed at the World Music Awards, in London on November 15, 2006, and accepted a Diamond Award for selling over 100 million records.[113][186] Jackson returned to the United States after Christmas 2006 to attend James Brown's funeral in Augusta, Georgia. He gave one of the eulogies, saying that "James Brown is my greatest inspiration."[187] In the spring of 2007, Jackson and Sony teamed up to buy yet another music publishing company: Famous Music LLC, formerly owned by Viacom. This deal gave him the rights to songs by Eminem, Shakira and Beck, among others.[188] Jackson recorded extensively during this period in New York with songwriter and producer will.i.am and also in Las Vegas with producers Akon and RedOne.[189][190] In March 2007, Jackson gave a brief interview to the Associated Press in Tokyo, where he said, "I've been in the entertainment industry since I was 6 years old, and as Charles Dickens would say, 'It's been the best of times, the worst of times.' But I would not change my career ... While some have made deliberate attempts to hurt me, I take it in stride because I have a loving family, a strong faith and wonderful friends and fans who have, and continue, to support me."[191]
In September 2007, Jackson was reportedly still working with will.i.am, but the album was apparently never completed.[192] However, in 2008, Jackson and Sony released Thriller 25 to mark the 25th anniversary of the original Thriller. This album featured the previously unreleased song "For All Time" (an outtake from the original sessions) as well as remixes, where Jackson collaborated with younger artists who had been inspired by his work.[193] Two of the remixes were released as singles with only modest success: "The Girl Is Mine 2008" (with will.i.am) and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008" (with Akon). The first single was based on an early demo version, without Paul McCartney. The album itself was a hit, however.[193][194][195][196] In anticipation of Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of greatest-hits albums called King of Pop. Slightly different versions were released in various countries, based on polls of local fans.[197] King of Pop reached the top 10 in most countries where it was issued, and also sold well as an import in other countries (such as the United States.)[198][199]
In the fall of 2008, Fortress Investments threatened to foreclose on Neverland Ranch, which Jackson used as collateral for loans running into many tens of millions of dollars. However, Fortress opted to sell Jackson's debts to Colony Capital LLC. In November, Jackson transferred Neverland Ranch's title to Sycamore Valley Ranch Company LLC, which was a joint venture between Jackson and Colony Capital LLC. This deal cleared Jackson's debt, and he reportedly even gained an extra $35 million from the venture. At the time of his death, Jackson still owned a stake in Neverland/Sycamore Valley, but it is unknown how large that stake was.[200][201][202] In September 2008, Jackson entered negotiations with Julien's Auction House to display and auction a large collection of memorabilia amounting to approximately 1,390 lots. The auction was scheduled to take place between April 22 and April 25.[203] An exhibition of the lots opened as scheduled on April 14, but the actual auction was eventually cancelled at Jackson's request.[204]
In March 2009, Jackson held a press conference at London's O2 Arena and announced a series of comeback concerts titled This Is It. The shows would be Jackson's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997. Jackson suggested possible retirement after the shows; he said it would be his "final curtain call". The initial plan was for 10 concerts in London, followed by shows in Paris, New York City and Mumbai. Randy Phillips, president and chief executive of AEG Live, stated that the first 10 dates alone would earn the singer approximately £50 million.[205] The London residency was increased to 50 dates after record breaking ticket sales: over one million were sold in less than two hours.[206] Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, which was owned by AEG.[207] The concerts would have commenced on July 13, 2009, and finished on March 6, 2010. Less than three weeks before the first show was due to begin in London and with all concerts being sold out, Jackson died after suffering cardiac arrest.[208] Some time before his death, it was widely stated that he was starting a clothing line with Christian Audigier; due to his death, the current status of the label remains unknown.[209][210]
Jackson's first posthumous single was a song titled "This Is It" which Jackson cowrote in the 1980s with Paul Anka. It was not on the set lists for the concerts, and the recording was based on an old demo tape. The surviving brothers reunited in the studio for the first time since 1989 to record backing vocals. On October 28, 2009, a documentary film about the rehearsals titled Michael Jackson's This Is It was released.[211] Even though it ran for a limited two-week engagement, it became the highest grossing documentary or concert movie of all time, with earnings of more than $260 million worldwide.[212] Jackson's estate received 90% of the profits.[213] The film was accompanied by a compilation album of the same name. Two versions of the new song appear on the album, which also featured original masters of Jackson's hits in the order in which they appear in the movie, along with a bonus disc with previously unreleased versions of more Jackson hits as well as a spoken-word poem titled "Planet Earth".[214] At the 2009 American Music Awards Jackson won four posthumous awards, two for him and two for his album Number Ones, bringing his total American Music Awards to 26.[215][216]
Death and memorial[link]
Main articles: Death of Michael Jackson and Michael Jackson memorial service
File:MJ's tomb.jpg
Michael Jackson's Tomb in the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale
On June 25, 2009, Jackson died while in his bed at his rented mansion at 100 North Carolwood Drive in the Holmby Hills district of Los Angeles. Attempts at resuscitating him by Conrad Murray, his personal physician, were unsuccessful.[217] Los Angeles Fire Department paramedics received a 911 call at 12:22 (PDT, 19:22 UTC), arriving three minutes later at Jackson's location.[218][219] He was reportedly not breathing and CPR was performed.[220] Resuscitation efforts continued en route to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, and for more than an hour after arriving there at 1:13 (20:13 UTC). He was pronounced dead at 2:26 local time (21:26 UTC).[221][222] Jackson's death triggered a global outpouring of grief.[217]
The news spread quickly online, causing websites to slow down and crash from user overload. Both TMZ and the Los Angeles Times suffered outages.[223] Google initially believed that the input from millions of people searching for "Michael Jackson" meant that the search engine was under DDoS attack, and blocked searches related to Michael Jackson for 30 minutes. Twitter reported a crash, as did Wikipedia at 3:15 p.m. PDT (22:15 UTC).[224] The Wikimedia Foundation reported nearly a million visitors to Jackson's biography within one hour, probably the most visitors in a one-hour period to any article in Wikipedia's history.[225] AOL Instant Messenger collapsed for 40 minutes. AOL called it a "seminal moment in Internet history", adding, "We've never seen anything like it in terms of scope or depth."[226]
Around 15% of Twitter posts—or 5,000 tweets per minute—reportedly mentioned Jackson after the news broke,[227][228] compared to the 5% recalled as having mentioned the Iranian elections or the flu pandemic that had made headlines earlier in the year.[228] Overall, web traffic ranged from 11% to at least 20% higher than normal.[227][229] MTV and Black Entertainment Television (BET) aired marathons of Jackson's music videos.[230] Jackson specials aired on multiple television stations around the world. The British soap opera EastEnders added a last-minute scene, in which one character tells another about the news, to the June 26 episode.[231] Jackson was the topic of every front-page headline in the daily British tabloid The Sun for about two weeks following his death.[232] During the same period, the three major U.S. networks' evening newscasts—ABC World News, CBS Evening News, and NBC Nightly News—devoted 34% of their broadcast time to him.[233] Magazines including Time published commemorative editions.[234] A scene that had featured Jackson's sister La Toya was cut from the film Brüno out of respect toward Jackson's family.[235]
Jackson's memorial was held on July 7, 2009, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, preceded by a private family service at Forest Lawn Memorial Park's Hall of Liberty. Jackson's casket was present during the memorial but no information was released about the final disposition of the body. While some unofficial reports claimed a worldwide audience as high as one billion people,[236][237] the U.S. audience was estimated by Nielsen to be 31.1 million, an amount comparable to the estimated 35.1 million that watched the 2004 burial of former president Ronald Reagan, and the estimated 33.1 million Americans who watched the 1997 funeral for Princess Diana.[238]
Mariah Carey, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, John Mayer, Jennifer Hudson, Usher, Jermaine Jackson, and Shaheen Jafargholi performed at the event. Berry Gordy and Smokey Robinson gave eulogies, while Queen Latifah read "We had him", a poem written for the occasion by Maya Angelou.[239] The Reverend Al Sharpton received a standing ovation with cheers when he told Jackson's children, "Wasn't nothing strange about your daddy. It was strange what your daddy had to deal with. But he dealt with it anyway."[240] Jackson's 11-year-old daughter, Paris Katherine, cried as she told the crowd, "Ever since I was born, Daddy has been the best father you could ever imagine ... I just wanted to say I love him ... so much."[166] Reverend Lucious Smith provided a closing prayer.[241] On August 24, several news outlets quoted anonymous sources as stating that the Los Angeles coroner had decided to treat Jackson's death as a homicide; this was later confirmed by the coroner on August 28.[242][243] At the time of death, Jackson had been administered propofol, lorazepam and midazolam.[244] Law enforcement officials conducted a manslaughter investigation of his personal physician, Conrad Murray.[245] On February 8, 2010, Murray was charged with involuntary manslaughter by prosecutors in Los Angeles.[246] Jackson was entombed on September 3, 2009, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.[247]
On June 25, 2010, the first anniversary of Jackson's death, fans traveled to Los Angeles to pay their tribute to him. They visited Jackson’s star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and his family’s home, as well as Forest Lawn Memorial Park. Many of the fans were carrying sunflowers and other tribute items to drop off at the sites. Members of the Jackson family and close friends arrived to pay their respects.[248][249] Katherine returned to Gary, Indiana to unveil a granite monument constructed in the front yard of the family home. The memorial continued with a candlelight vigil and a special performance of "We Are the World".[250][251] On June 26, there was a protest march in front of the Los Angeles Police Department's Robbery-Homicide Division at the old Parker Center building and a petition with thousands of signatures demanding justice was delivered.[252][253] The Jackson Family Foundation in conjunction with Voiceplate presented "Forever Michael", an event bringing together Jackson family members, celebrities, fans, supporters and the community to celebrate and honor his legacy. A portion of the proceeds were presented to some of Jackson's favorite charities. Katherine also introduced her new book "Never Can Say Goodbye".[254][255][256]
Death aftermath[link]
After his death, Jackson became the best-selling albums artist of 2009. In the United States selling over 8.2 million albums and a total of 35 million albums worldwide in the 12 months that followed his death.[257][258] Following this surge in sales, Sony announced that they had extended their relationship with his material. The distribution rights held by Sony Music were due to expire in 2015.[259] On March 16, 2010, Sony Music Entertainment, in a move spearheaded by its Columbia/Epic Label Group division, signed a new deal with the Jackson estate to extend their distribution rights to his back catalogue until at least 2017, as well as to obtain permission to release ten new albums with previously unreleased material and new collections of released work. On November 4, 2010 Sony announced the release of Michael, the first posthumous album set to be released on December 14, with the promotional single released to the radios on November 8, titled "Breaking News".[260] The deal was unprecedented in the music industry as it is the most expensive music contract pertaining to a single artist in history; it reportedly involved Sony Music paying $250 million for the deal, with the Jackson estate getting the full sum as well as its share of royalties for all works released.[259][261] Video game developer Ubisoft announced it would release a new dancing-and-singing game featuring Michael Jackson for the 2010 holiday season. The game titled Michael Jackson: The Experience will be among the first to use Kinect and PlayStation Move, the respective motion-detecting camera systems for Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3 due out later that year.[262]
On November 3, 2010, the theatrical performing company Cirque du Soleil announced that it would launch "Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour" in October 2011 in Montreal, while a permanent show will reside in Las Vegas.[263] The 90-minute US$57M production will combine Jackson's iconic musical oeuvre and choreography with the Cirque's signature artistry, dance and aerial displays involving 65 artists.[264] The tour was written and directed by Jamie King[265] and centers on Jackson's "inspirational Giving Tree – the wellspring of creativity where his love of music and dance, fairy tale and magic, and the fragile beauty of nature are unlocked."[266] On October 3, 2011, the accompanying compilation soundtrack album Immortal was announced to have over 40 Jackson’s original recordings re-produced by Kevin Antunes.[267]
In April 2011, Jackson's longtime friend and billionaire businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed, chairman of Fulham F.C., unveiled a statue of Jackson outside the club's stadium, Craven Cottage.[268] Fulham fans were however bemused by the statue and failed to understand the relevance of Jackson to the club.[269] Al Fayed however defended the statue and told the fans to 'go to hell' if they didn't appreciate the statue.[270]
Artistry[link]
Influences[link]
Jackson's music took root in R&B, pop and soul. He had been influenced by the work of contemporary musicians such as Little Richard, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, Diana Ross, David Ruffin, Gene Kelly, Fred Astaire, Sammy Davis, Jr., The Isley Brothers, the Bee Gees and the West Side Story dancers, to whom he made a tribute in "Beat It" and in the "Bad" video.[271] According to David Winters, who met and befriended Jackson while choreographing the 1971 Diana Ross TV Special "Diana!", (which was also Jackson's first solo debut outside of The Jackson 5), Jackson watched West Side Story almost every week and it was his favorite film.[272][273][274] While Little Richard had a substantial influence on Jackson,[275][276] James Brown was Jackson's greatest inspiration. In reference to Brown, Jackson declared: "Ever since I was a small child, no more than like six years old, my mother would wake me no matter what time it was, if I was sleeping, no matter what I was doing, to watch the television to see the master at work. And when I saw him move, I was mesmerized. I had never seen a performer perform like James Brown, and right then and there I knew that was exactly what I wanted to do for the rest of my life because of James Brown."[277]
The young Michael Jackson owed his vocal technique in large part to Diana Ross. Not only a mother figure to him, she was often observed in rehearsal as an accomplished performer. He later expressed: "I got to know her well. She taught me so much. I used to just sit in the corner and watch the way she moved. She was art in motion. I studied the way she moved, the way she sang – just the way she was." He told her: "I want to be just like you, Diana." She said: "You just be yourself."[278] But Jackson owed part of his enduring style—especially his use of the oooh interjection—to Ross. From a young age, Jackson often punctuated his verses with a sudden exclamation of oooh. Diana Ross had used this effect on many of the songs recorded with The Supremes.[279]
Musical themes and genres[link]
Unlike many artists, Jackson did not write his songs on paper. Instead he would dictate into a sound recorder, and when recording he would sing the lyrics from memory.[280] In most of his songs, such as "Billie Jean", "Who Is It", and "Tabloid Junkie", he would beatbox and imitate the instruments using his voice instead of playing the actual instruments, along with other sounds. Jackson noted that it is easier to sing a drum line, or sing a bass, instead of playing a drum line or a bass with an instrument. Several critics have said that Jackson's distinct voice was able to replace any instrument convincingly. Steve Huey of Allmusic said that, throughout his solo career, Jackson's versatility allowed him to experiment with various themes and genres.[281] As a musician, he ranged from Motown's dance fare and ballads to techno and house-edged new jack swing to work that incorporates both funk rhythms and hard rock guitar.[18][282][283]
According to Huey, Thriller refined the strengths of Off the Wall; the dance and rock tracks were more aggressive, while the pop tunes and ballads were softer and more soulful.[281] Notable tracks included the ballads "The Lady in My Life", "Human Nature" and "The Girl Is Mine"; the funk pieces "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'"; and the post-disco set "Baby Be Mine" and "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".[281][282][283][284][285] With Thriller, Christopher Connelly of Rolling Stone commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery.[285] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[283] In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers.[281] In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media.[285] "Beat It" decried gang violence in an homage to West Side Story, and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey.[18][281] He also observed that the title track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years.[281] In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.[281]
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One of Jackson's signature pieces, "Thriller", released as a single in 1984, utilizes cinematic sound effects, horror film motifs and vocal trickery to convey a sense of danger.[22]
A single from the album Bad, released 1988, "Smooth Criminal" features digital drum sounds, keyboard-created bass lines and other percussion elements designed to give the impression of a pulsing heart.[286]
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In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana".[290] The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror" is an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution.[78] "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder.[78] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a very paradoxical individual.[291] He comments the album is more diverse than his previous Bad, as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World".[291] The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time".[292] The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs.[292] Dangerous contains sexually charged efforts such as the multifaceted love song, "In the Closet".[292] The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire.[292] The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson opening up about various personal struggles and worries.[292] In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.[293]
HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia.[294] Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media.[295] In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces.[294][295] In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not—shall we say—done him the honor of listening to it, but I've been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot".[296] Invincible found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins.[281] It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn" and "Butterflies" and mixes hip-hop, pop and R&B in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".[297][298]
Vocal style[link]
Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor.[299] His vocal range as an adult was F2-E♭6. Jackson first used a technique called the "vocal hiccup" in 1973, starting with the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from The Jackson 5's G.I.T.: Get It Together album.[300] Jackson did not use the hiccup technique— somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping— fully until the recording of Off the Wall: it can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video.[20] With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly".[301][302] 1982 saw the release of Thriller, and Rolling Stone was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".[285]
A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelled "cha'mone" or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him.[303] The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous. The New York Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone".[292] When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals.[292] When commenting on Invincible, Rolling Stone were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies".[304] Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".[286]
Music videos and choreography[link]
Jackson has also been referred to as the King of Music Videos,[305] Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances; simultaneously breaking down racial barriers.[281] Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American.[306] Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition.[307] MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race.[308] The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.[309][307] His performance on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage.[310] Short films like Thriller largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated.[311] The choreography in Thriller has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines.[312] The Thriller short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the Guinness World Records.[99]
In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Oprah in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he replied, "I think it happens subliminally" and he described it as something that was not planned, but rather, as something that was compelled by the music. "Bad" garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; Time magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.[71][313] For "Smooth Criminal", Jackson experimented with an innovative "anti-gravity lean" in his performances. The maneuver required special shoes for which he was granted U.S. Patent No. 5,255,452.[314] Although the music video for "Leave Me Alone" was not officially released in the US, in 1989, it was nominated for three Billboard Music Video Awards;[315] the same year it won a Golden Lion Award for the quality of the special effects used in its production. In 1990, "Leave Me Alone" won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form.[97]
He received the MTV Video Vanguard Award in 1988 and the MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award in 1990 to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; in 1991 the first award was renamed in his honor.[114] "Black or White" was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video.[113] It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized.[316] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as an important technology in music videos.[317]
"Remember the Time" was an elaborate production, and became one of his longest videos at over nine minutes. Set in ancient Egypt, it featured groundbreaking visual effects and appearances by Eddie Murphy, Iman and Magic Johnson, along with a distinct complex dance routine.[318] The video for "In the Closet" was Jackson's most sexually provocative piece. It featured supermodel Naomi Campbell in a courtship dance with Jackson. The video was banned in South Africa because of its imagery.[114]
The music video for "Scream", directed by Mark Romanek and production designer Tom Foden, is one of Jackson's most critically acclaimed. In 1995, it gained 11 MTV Video Music Award Nominations—more than any other music video—and won "Best Dance Video", "Best Choreography", and "Best Art Direction".[319] The song and its accompanying video are a response to the backlash Jackson received from the media after being accused of child molestation in 1993.[320] A year later, it won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form; shortly afterwards Guinness World Records listed it as the most expensive music video ever made at a cost of $7 million.[151][321]
"Earth Song" was accompanied by an expensive and well-received music video that gained a Grammy nomination for Best Music Video, Short Form in 1997. The video had an environmental theme, showing images of animal cruelty, deforestation, pollution and war. Using special effects, time is reversed so that life returns, wars end, and the forests re-grow.[151][322] Released in 1997 and premiering at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, Michael Jackson's Ghosts was a short film written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston. The video for Ghosts is over 38 minutes long and holds the Guinness World Record as the world's longest music video.[151][160][323][324]
Legacy and influence[link]
Jackson throughout his career transformed the art of the music video and paved the way for modern pop music. Daily Telegraph writer Tom Utley described Jackson in 2003 as "extremely important" and a "genius".[239] For much of his career, he had an "unparalleled" level of worldwide influence over the younger generation through his musical and humanitarian contributions.[153] Jackson's music and videos, such as Thriller, fostered racial diversity in MTV's roster, helped to put the relatively new channel into public awareness, and steered the channel's focus from rock to pop music and R&B, shaping the channel into a form that proved enduring. Jackson's work continues to influence numerous hip hop, rock, pop and R&B artists, including Patrick Stump,[325] Jennifer Lopez,[326] Beyoncé,[327] Mariah Carey,[328] Mýa,[329] Usher,[330] Adam Lambert,[331] Green Day,[332] Justin Timberlake,[333] Britney Spears,[334] Madonna,[335] Alien Ant Farm[164] and Ludacris, among others.[336]
Allmusic's Steve Huey describes Jackson as "an unstoppable juggernaut, possessed of all the skills to dominate the charts seemingly at will: an instantly identifiable voice, eye-popping dance moves, stunning musical versatility and loads of sheer star power".[281] In the mid-1980s, Time magazine's pop music critic, Jay Cocks, noted "Jackson is the biggest thing since The Beatles. He is the hottest single phenomenon since Elvis Presley. He just may be the most popular black singer ever".[40] In 1990, Vanity Fair cited Jackson as the most popular artist in the history of show business.[97] In 2007, Jackson said, "Music has been my outlet, my gift to all of the lovers in this world. Through it, my music, I know I will live forever."[337]
Shortly after Jackson's death, on June 25, 2009, MTV briefly returned to its original music video format to celebrate and pay tribute to his work.[338] The channel aired many hours of Jackson's music videos, accompanied by live news specials featuring reactions from MTV personalities and other celebrities. The temporary shift in MTV's programming culminated the following week in the channel's live coverage of Jackson's memorial service.[339] At the memorial service on July 7, 2009, founder of Motown Records Berry Gordy proclaimed Jackson as "the greatest entertainer that ever lived".[340][341][342]
In 2010, two university librarians found that Jackson's influence extended into academia, and was detectable in scholarly literature pertaining to a range of subject matter.[343][344] The two researchers combed through various scholars' writings, and compiled an annotated bibliography of those writings that appeared to meet at least one of several criteria. Among these criteria were appearance in a peer-reviewed journal, and the provision of insight into the nature of "popular icons including Jackson".[345] The bibliography located references to Jackson in research reports concerning music, popular culture, and an array of other topics. The bibliographers identified as their most peculiar finding an argument that certain aspects of chemistry can be effectively taught by altering and imitating elements of Jackson's singing.[346] One of the research librarians later reflected that "the fact that someone would take a Michael Jackson song and co-opt it as a means to convey chemistry concepts just shows the pervasiveness of Jackson's influence".[343]
Honors and awards[link]
Michael Jackson was inducted onto the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1980 as member of The Jacksons and in 1984 as solo artist. Throughout his career he received numerous honors and awards, including the World Music Awards' Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, the American Music Award's Artist of the Century Award and the Bambi Pop Artist of the Millennium Award.[165][347] He was a double-inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997 and later as a solo artist in 2001. Jackson was also inducted in several other hall of fames, including Vocal Group Hall of Fame (as The Jackson 5 member) in 1999, Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002 and Hit Parade Hall of Fame (with his brothers) in 2009.[165][348] In 2010, Jackson was inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll.[349] His awards include many Guinness World Records (eight in 2006 alone),[350] 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award), 26 American Music Awards (24 only as a solo artist, including the "Artist of the Century", but not the poll of "Artist of the '80s")—more than any artist—, 13 number one singles in the US in his solo career—more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era[351]—and estimated sales of up to 750 million records worldwide, making him the world's best selling male solo pop artist.[32][99][113][163][215][216][352][353][354][355][356] On December 29, 2009, the American Film Institute recognized Jackson's death as a "moment of significance" saying, "Michael Jackson's sudden death in June at age 50 was notable for the worldwide outpouring of grief and the unprecedented global eulogy of his posthumous concert rehearsal movie This Is It."[357] Michael Jackson also received a Doctor of Humane Letters Degree from the United Negro College Fund[358] and also an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Fisk University.[359]
Lifetime earnings[link]
His total lifetime earnings from royalties on his solo recordings and music videos, revenue from concerts and endorsements have been estimated at US$500 million; some analysts have speculated that his music catalog holdings could be worth billions of dollars.[98][360] This speculation however is contradicted by financial documents obtained by the Associated Press, which showed that as of March 31, 2007, Jackson's 50 percent stake in the Sony/ATV Music Publishing catalog (his most prized asset) was worth $390.6 million and Michael Jackson's net worth was $236 million.[361] Billboard has estimated that Jackson has generated at least $1 billion in revenue in the year following his death.[362]
Discography[link]
Main articles: Michael Jackson albums discography, Michael Jackson singles discography, and Michael Jackson videography
See also: Jackson 5 discography
- Got to Be There (1972)
- Ben (1972)
- Music & Me (1973)
- Forever, Michael (1975)
- Off the Wall (1979)
- Thriller (1982)
- Bad (1987)
- Dangerous (1991)
- HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995)
- Invincible (2001)
Filmography[link]
Main article: Michael Jackson videography
| Year | Film | Role | Director |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 | The Wiz[363] | Scarecrow | Lumet, SidneySidney Lumet |
| 1986 | Captain EO[364] | Captain EO | Coppola, Francis FordFrancis Ford Coppola |
| 1988 | Moonwalker[365] | Himself | Kramer, JerryJerry Kramer |
| 1997 | Michael Jackson's Ghosts[366] | Maestro/Mayor/Ghoul/Skeleton | Winston, StanStan Winston |
| 2002 | Men in Black II[367] | Agent M (cameo) | Sonnenfeld, BarryBarry Sonnenfeld |
| 2004 | Miss Cast Away and the Island Girls[368] | Agent MJ (cameo) | Stoller, Bryan MichaelBryan Michael Stoller |
| 2009 | Michael Jackson's This Is It[369] | Himself | Ortega, KennyKenny Ortega |
Tours[link]
- Bad World Tour (1987–89)
- Dangerous World Tour (1992–93)
- HIStory World Tour (1996–97)
- This Is It (2009–10) (cancelled)
See also[link]
 |
Book: Michael Jackson |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Honorific nicknames in popular music
- Michael Jackson-related games
- List of awards received by Michael Jackson
- List of best-selling albums
- List of best-selling music artists
- List of best-selling music artists in the United States
- List of most expensive music videos
- List of unreleased Michael Jackson material
- List of cover versions of Michael Jackson songs
References[link]
- ^ a b County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services. (2009). Michael Jackson death certificate.
- ^ "Biography for Michael Jackson". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001391/bio. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
- ^ Lewis, Monica (June 14, 2007). "20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma". Miami Herald. http://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/AP/story/139458.html?storylink=mirelated&referer=www.clickfind.com.au. Retrieved November 22, 2009.
- ^ "Humanitarian: Guinness Book Of Records Names Michael "Most Support Charities"". CNN. June 30, 2009. http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-288836. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
- ^ "Michael Jackson’s Charity Work". The Gholston Post. July 9, 2009. http://simmerdown3.wordpress.com/2009/07/09/michael-jacksons-charity-work/. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
- ^ By Daniel Kreps (March 16, 2010). "Michael Jackson Estate, Sony Strike Massive 250 Million Deal to Release King of Pop's Music | Music News". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/michael-jackson-estate-sony-strike-massive-250-million-deal-to-release-king-of-pops-music-20100316. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
- ^ Jackson, Michael (2009) [First published 1988]. Moonwalk. Random House. p. 26. ISBN 0-307-71698-8.
- ^ a b c d George, p. 20
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 14
- ^ a b Michael Jackson's Secret Childhood, VH1, June 20, 2008.
- ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 20–22
- ^ a b Can Michael Jackson's demons be explained?, BBC, June 27, 2009.
- ^ Jackson interview seen by 14m, BBC News, (February 4, 2003)
- ^ Daniel Schechter, Erica Willheim (2009). The Effects of Violent Experience and Maltreatment on Infants and Young Children. In Charles H. Zeanah (Ed.). Handbook of Infant Mental Health—3rd Edition. New York: Guilford Press, Inc. pp. 197–214.
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 602
- ^ a b Lewis, pp. 165–168
- ^ a b The Jackson Five, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, accessed May 29, 2007.
- ^ a b c d Michael Jackson: Biography, Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
- ^ Alban, Debra (June 28, 2009). "Michael Jackson Broke Down Racial Barriers". Black in America 2 (CNN). http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/06/28/michael.jackson.black.community/. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ^ a b c George, p. 22
- ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 138–144
- ^ a b George, p. 23
- ^ a b Taraborrelli, pp. 205–210
- ^ a b George, pp. 37–38
- ^ "Michael Jackson is born — History.com This Day in History — 8/29/1958". The History Channel. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/michael-jackson-is-born. Retrieved December 26, 2010.
- ^ Michael Jackson: Off the Wall, Virgin Media. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
- ^ "Donna Summer and Michael Jackson sweep Annual American Music Awards". Lakeland Ledger. (January 20, 1980). http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=wYEsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0_oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6776,1201107&dq=american+music+awards&hl=en. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
- ^ "Donna No. 1, Pop and Soul; Michael Jackson King of Soul". The Afro American. (February 2, 1980). http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=EaMkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Zf4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3100,419518&dq=american+music+awards&hl=en. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
- ^ "Few Surprises In Music Awards". Sarasota Herald. (February 1, 1981). http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=sPIcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3GcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6226,95260&dq=american+music+awards&hl=en. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 188
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 191
- ^ a b c d e f Grammy Awards Past Winners Search, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
- ^ "Michael Jackson sweeps American Music Awards". Daily News. (January 17, 1984). http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=eQUbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=E0gEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5127,2841948&dq=american+music+awards&hl=en. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
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- ^ a b c Campbell (1995), pp. 14–16
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- ^ Ebony, Vol. 42, No. 11, September 1987, and Vol. 45, No. 12, October 1990.
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- ^ "50 fastest selling albums ever". NME.com. 2011. http://www.nme.com/photos/50-fastest-selling-albums-ever/213617/40/1. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
- ^ Gil Kaufman (2010). "Michael Jackson's New Album Cover Decoded Painting is packed with iconic MJ images". mtv.com. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1651633/michael-jacksons-new-album-cover-decoded.jhtml. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
- ^ Piya Sinha-Roy (2012). "Michael Jackson is still "Bad," 25 years after". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/21/entertainment-us-michaeljackson-bad-idUSBRE84K0Z120120521. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ Piya Sinha-Roy (2012). "Michael Jackson is still "Bad", 25 years after album". Chicagotribune. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-05-22/entertainment/sns-rt-us-michaeljackson-bad25bre84l17s-20120522_1_conrad-murray-dirty-diana-grammy-winning-album. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ "25th Anniversary Of Michael Jackson’s Landmark Album Bad Celebrated With September 18 Release Of New Bad 25 Packages". Yahoo. 2012. http://news.yahoo.com/25th-anniversary-michael-jackson-landmark-album-bad-celebrated-140242006.html. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
- ^ contactmusic (2012). "Michael Jackson - Michael Jackson's Bad To Get 25Th Anniversary Release". contactmusic. http://www.contactmusic.com/news/michael-jacksons-bad-to-get-25th-anniversary-release_1330641. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
- ^ "Michael, Travis top Music Award winners". Lodi News-Sentinel. (January 30, 1989). http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=lZozAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4477,3617735&dq=american+music+awards&hl=en. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
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- ^ a b Lewis, pp. 95–96
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- ^ Shanahan, Mark and Golstein, Meredith (June 27, 2009). "Remembering Michael". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2009/06/27/writer_stephen_davis_remembers_michael_jackson. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
- ^ Jackson, pp. 29–31
- ^ George, p. 42
- ^ a b c d e George, pp. 43–44
- ^ a b c Gunderson,, Edna (February 19, 2007). "For Jackson, scandal could spell financial ruin". USA Today (Gannett Co. Inc). http://www.usatoday.com/life/2003-11-24-jackson-finances_x.htm. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Jackson receives his World Records". Yahoo!. (November 14, 2006). http://uk.news.launch.yahoo.com/dyna/article.html?a=/14112006/344/jackson-receives-world-records.html&e=l_news_dm. Retrieved November 16, 2006. [dead link]
- ^ Press references to Jackson as a music "king" appeared as early as 1984 after he swept the Grammy Awards, and "king of pop" appeared as early as 1987. MTV and Fox used the title in joint press releases and ads for the "Black or White" video at Jackson's request, but MTV denied a report that VJs were required to use it on-camera. Writers described the title as self-proclaimed from then on.
- ^ Arar, Yardena (February 29, 1984). "Michael Jackson coronated latest king of rock 'n' roll". Boca Raton News: p. 7A.
- ^ Staff writer (July 27, 1987). "Is the thrill gone for singer Michael Jackson?". Sacramento Bee: p. B3.
- ^ Browne, David (November 29, 1991). "Michael Jackson's Black or White Blues". Entertainment Weekly.
- ^ Campbell (1993) pp. 260–263
- ^ Remarks on the Upcoming Summit With President Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union, April 5, 1990.
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- ^ Gray, Chris; Shah, Saeed (October 3, 2002). "Robbie swings historic record deal with EMI". London: The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/robbie-swings--historic-record-deal-with-emi-613061.html. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
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- ^ Carter, Kelley L. (August 10, 2008). "New jack swing". Chicago Tribune. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2008-08-10/news/0808080318_1_new-edition-new-jack-city-swing. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g "The return of the King of Pop". MSNBC. (November 2, 2006). http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15529981/. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
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- ^ "Garth Brooks ropes in most Billboard awards". Allegheny Times. December 10, 1992. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=w7QiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DbUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3124,2012493&dq=best+selling+album+1992+worldwide&hl=en. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 459
- ^ Harrington, Richard (February 5, 1992). "Jackson to Tour Overseas". The Washington Post.
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- ^ "Stars line up for Clinton celebration". Daily News of Los Angeles. (January 19, 1993).
- ^ Smith, Patricia (January 20, 1992). "Facing the music and the masses at the presidential gala". The Boston Globe.
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- ^ "Cyrus, Bolton please the fans". Toledo Blade. (January 27, 1993). http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=mBIVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TQMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6811,6756235&dq=american+music+awards&hl=en. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
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- ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 485–486
- ^ a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 477–478
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- ^ a b Taraborrelli, pp. 534–540
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- ^ "Autopsy of Jackson, Michael Joseph" (PDF). http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2010/images/02/09/mj_autopsy.pdf.
- ^ "Photos May Contradict Michael's Accuser USA Today (pre-1997 Fulltext) – McLean, Va. Date: Jan 28, 1994" (PDF). http://site2.mjeol.com/pdf/important-article/photos-may-contradict-michael-s-accuser-1994.pdf. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
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- ^ Campbell (1995), pp. 47–50
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- ^ "Michael Jackson's Big Payoff. Agreed to pay $15 million to settle boy's 1993 sex abuse claim. The Smoking Gun, June 16". Thesmokinggun.com. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/0616041jacko5.html. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
- ^ "Grand Jury to convene in Jackson Case Law: Sources close to the investigation say a panel in Santa Barbara will hear testimony next week about alleged molestation of boy. February 5, 1994|Jim Newton, Times Staff Writer". latimes.com. February 5, 1994. http://articles.latimes.com/1994-02-05/local/me-19273_1_santa-barbara/2. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
- ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 500–507
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- ^ a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 518–520
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- ^ a b Taraborrelli, pp. 580–581
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- ^ a b Leeds, Jeff (April 13, 2006). "Michael Jackson Bailout Said to Be Close". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/13/business/media/13music.html?ex=1302580800&en=45bff2f7a4da68fe&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
- ^ "Top 100 Albums (Page 2)". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=tblTop100&action=. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
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- ^ a b c d e f g h George, pp. 48–50
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- ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 570–586
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- ^ a b Taraborrelli, pp. 599–600
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- ^ a b Rojek, Chris (2007). Cultural Studies. Polity. p. 74. ISBN 0-7456-3683-7.
- ^ a b c d e Taraborrelli, pp. 610–612
- ^ "Ricky Martin, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Others To Join Pavarotti For Benefit". VH1. (May 5, 1999). http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1426933/19990505/carey_mariah.jhtml. Retrieved May 30, 2008.
- ^ "Slash, Scorpions, Others Scheduled For 'Michael Jackson & Friends'". VH1. (May 27, 1999). http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1429785/19990527/guns_n_roses.jhtml. Retrieved May 30, 2008.
- ^ a b "Lauryn Hill, Backstreet Boys, DMX Honored With American Music Awards". MTV. (January 18, 2000). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1425174/20000118/backstreet_boys.jhtml. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e Taraborrelli, pp. 614–617
- ^ a b c George, pp. 50–53
- ^ a b Liveblogging Michael Jackson's funeral and memorial service, The Guardian, July 7, 2009.
- ^ Conniff, Tamara (August 30, 2009). "We Killed Michael Jackson". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tamara-conniff/we-killed-michael-jackson_b_272174.html. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
- ^ a b Burkeman, Oliver (July 8, 2002). "Jacko gets tough: but is he a race crusader or just a falling star?". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/jul/08/oliverburkeman. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
- ^ Jackson, Jermaine ((December 31, 2002)). Interview with Connie Chung. "Interview with Jermaine Jackson". CNN. Connie Chung Tonight. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0212/31/cct.00.html. Retrieved July 2, 2008.
- ^ "Keys, Destiny's Child, McGraw win at American Music Awards". Lodi-News Sentinel. (January 10, 2002). http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=Oc40AAAAIBAJ&sjid=GyEGAAAAIBAJ&pg=5669,889435&dq=american+music+awards+michael+jackson&hl=en. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
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- ^ "BPI Searchable database—Gold and Platinum". British Phonographic Industry.
- ^ a b Taraborrelli, p. 640
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- ^ Davis, Matthew (June 6, 2005). "Michael Jackson health concerns". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4612897.stm. Retrieved April 14, 2008.
- ^ "Michael Jackson jury reaches verdict". The Guardian. Associated Press (London). June 13, 2005. http://www.guardian.co.uk/jackson/story/0,15819,1505806,00.html. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
- ^ Toumi, Habib (January 23, 2006). "Jackson settles down to his new life in the Persian Gulf". Gulf News. http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/01/23/10013403.html. Retrieved November 11, 2006.
- ^ "Jermaine Jackson reveals escape plan for Michael". Associated Press. September 10, 2011. http://hosted2.ap.org/PAPRI/a6ce7ad62f4a4c5c8250b21416094092/Article_2011-09-10-EU-Britain-Michael-Jackson/id-e252a4862bc04271938b75a1ab78bac5. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
- ^ McNamara, Melissa (March 17, 2006). "Jackson Closes Neverland House". CBS News. http://www.showbuzz.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/17/people/main1414450.shtml. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
- ^ Ackman, Dan (June 14, 2005). "Really Odd Facts About Michael Jackson". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2005/06/14/jackson-celebrity-trial-cx_da_0614topnews.html. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
- ^ "Jackson strikes deal over loans". BBC News (BBC Online). April 14, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4909412.stm. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
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- ^ a b "Jackson parts with Bahrain label". BBC News (BBC Online). September 26, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5380654.stm. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
- ^ Friedman, Roger (October 21, 2006). "Who's Funding Jackson's Retreat to Irish Recording Studio?". FOX News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,222797,00.html. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
- ^ "2006 World Music Awards". Chiff. Archived from the original on February 4, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080204051554/http://www.chiff.com/pop-culture/world-music-awards.htm. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem. James Brown Saluted By Michael Jackson at Public Funeral Service, MTV, December 30, 2006.
- ^ "Michael Jackson buys rights to Eminem tunes and more,". Rolling Stone (Wenner Media LLC). May 31, 2007.
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- ^ Barnes, Brokes (June 25, 2009). "A Star Idolized and Haunted, Michael Jackson Dies at 50". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/26/arts/music/26jackson.html?ref=obituaries. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
- ^ "More adds, loose ends, and lament". The 120 Minutes Archive. July 25, 2009. http://altmusictv.blogspot.com/2009/07/more-adds-loose-ends-and-lament.html. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
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- ^ "Berry Gordy-Brings Mourners To Their Feet With Jackson Tribute". Contact Music. July 7, 2009. http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/gordy-brings-mourners-to-their-feet-with-jackson-tribute_1108973. Retrieved November 26, 2009.
- ^ "Michael Jackson hailed as greatest entertainer, best dad". Reuters UK. July 8, 2009. http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE5615KN20090708. Retrieved November 26, 2009.
- ^ a b Chandler, Cory. "Librarians Prove Michael Jackson Was a Rock Star in Academic Literature". Texas Tech University. http://today.ttu.edu/2010/05/librarians-prove-michael-jackson-was-a-rock-star-in-academic-literature/. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
- ^ Hidalgo, Susan and Weiner, Robert G. (2010). "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin': MJ in the Scholarly Literature: A Selected Bibliographic Guide". The Journal of Pan African Studies 3 (7): 14–28. http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol3no7/3.7MJ-Wanna-3.pdf.
- ^ Hidalgo and Weiner (2010), p. 15.
- ^ Hidalgo and Weiner (2010), p. 25.
- ^ "Michael Jackson and Halle Berry Pick Up Bambi Awards in Berlin". Hello!. (November 22, 2002). http://www.hellomagazine.com/celebrities/2002/11/22/michaeljackson/. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
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- ^ "Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time". CityNews. Rogers Broadcasting Limited. November 15, 2006. http://www.citytv.com/toronto/citynews/entertainment/music/article/24523--michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
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- ^ "GRAMMY Legend Award". Grammy. http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/legends. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
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- ^ Jones, pp. 229, 259
- ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 355–356
- ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 413–414
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 610
- ^ Scott, A. O (July 3, 2002). "Defending Earth, With Worms and a Talking Pug". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/03/movies/03BLAC.html?ex=1234155600&en=1e9c4a5a1eafc54f&ei=5070. Retrieved February 7, 2009.
- ^ Chaney, Jen (July 19, 2005). "'Miss Cast Away': You Know It's Bad". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/18/AR2005071800641_pf.html. Retrieved February 7, 2009.
- ^ Le, Danny (August 11, 2009). "'Michael Jackson's "This Is It," to be Presented In Theaters Around The World". MichaelJackson.com. http://www.michaeljackson.com/us/news/michael-jacksons-it-be-presented-theaters-around-world. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
- Bibliography
- Brackett, Nathan; Christian Hoard (2004). The Rolling Stone Album Guide. Fireside. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
- Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-1957-X.
- Campbell, Lisa (1995). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop's Darkest Hour. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-2003-9. http://books.google.ca/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&lpg=PP1&dq=michael%20jackson&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection booklet. Sony BMG.
- Guinness World Records (2003). Guinness World Records 2004. Guinness. ISBN 1-892051-20-6.
- Guinness World Records (2005). Guinness World Records 2006. Guinness. ISBN 1-904994-02-4.
- Jackson, Michael (2009) [First published 1988]. Moonwalk. Random House. ISBN 978-0-307-71698-9. http://books.google.ca/books?id=E9sGl5P8vQMC&lpg=PP1&dq=Moonwalk&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June (2001). Writing arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0-205-31745-6.
- Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2009). Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story, 1958–2009. Terra Alta, WV: Grand Central Publishing, 2009. ISBN 0-446-56474-5, 9780446564748.
Further reading[link]
- Dineen, Catherine (1993). Michael Jackson: In His Own Words. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-3216-6. http://books.google.ca/books?id=DEspWj_IN_UC&lpg=PP1&dq=Michael%20Jackson%3A%20In%20His%20Own%20Words&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Grant, Adrian (1994, 1997, 2002 and 2005). Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-432-2.
- Jackson, Michael (2006). My World, The Official Photobook, Vol. 1. Triumph International. ISBN 0-9768891-1-0.
- Jones, Bob (2005). Michael Jackson: The Man Behind the Mask. Select Books Inc. ISBN 1-59079-072-3. http://books.google.ca/books?id=8j4ILUllObsC&lpg=PP1&dq=Michael%20Jackson%3A%20The%20Man%20Behind%20the%20Mask&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Jefferson, Margo; Brown (2007). On Michael Jackson. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-307-27765-7. http://books.google.com/?id=WJiPk-3oPGkC&lpg=PP1&dq=Michael%20Jackson&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Noonan, Damien (1994) (Audio book). Michael Jackson. Carlton Books. ISBN 1-85797-587-1.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jackson, Michael Joseph |
| Alternative names | Jackson, Michael Joe; Jackson, Michael J. |
| Short description | Singer |
| Date of birth | August 29, 1958 |
| Place of birth | Gary, Indiana, United States |
| Date of death | June 25, 2009 |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, California, United States |
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