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Drammen kommune
—  Municipality  —
Coat of arms Buskerud within Norway
Drammen within Buskerud
Coordinates: 59°44′16″N 10°12′18″E / 59.73778°N 10.205°E / 59.73778; 10.205Coordinates: 59°44′16″N 10°12′18″E / 59.73778°N 10.205°E / 59.73778; 10.205
Country	Norway
County	Buskerud
Administrative centre	Drammen
Government
• Mayor (2003)	Tore Opdal Hansen (H)
Area
• Total	137 km2 (53 sq mi)
• Land	135 km2 (52 sq mi)
Area rank	366 in Norway
Population (2008)
• Total	62,566
• Rank	9 in Norway
• Density	421/km2 (1,090/sq mi)
• Change (10 years)	8.2 %
Demonym	Drammenser Drammensar[1]
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
ISO 3166 code	NO-0602
Official language form	Neutral
Website	www.drammen.kommune.no
Data from Statistics Norway

Drammen is an industrial city in Buskerud County, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the eastern and most populated part of Norway.

Location[link]

There are more than 63 000 inhabitants in the municipality, but the city is the regional capital of an area with more than 150,000 inhabitants. Drammen and the surrounding communities are growing more than ever before. The city makes good use of the river and inland waterway called Drammensfjord, both for recreation, activities and housing. No city in the country has received as many awards for environmental and urban development as Drammen: 6 national and 2 international prizes since 2003.^[2][3]

Name and Coat of arms[link]

The Old Norse form of the city's name was Drafn, and this was originally the name of the inner part of Drammensfjord. The fjord is, however, probably named after the river Drammenselva (Norse Drǫfn), and this again is derived from drǫfn f 'wave'.^[4] The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 17 November 1960. The arms are blue with a gray/silver column on top of a foundation of rocks. A key and a sword are crossed in the middle forming an x. It is based upon the old seal dating from 1723 for Bragernes, one of the central parts of Drammen. The motto for Bragernes (in Latin) was In Fide Et Justitia Fortitudo (English: in faith and justice is strength), and the items in the seal are referring to this: key = faith, sword = justice, column on rocks = strength.^[5]

Governance[link]

The municipality of Drammen was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Skoger was merged with the municipality of Drammen on 1 January 1964 and was transferred from Vestfold county to Buskerud county at the same time. The city itself has 64 000 inhabitants, making it Norway's ninth largest.^[6]

Districts[link]

Drammen is currently divided into eight districts.^[7]

• Åssiden
• Austad-Fjell
• Bragernes
• Gulskogen
• Konnerud
• Skoger
• Strømsø-Danvik
• Tangen-Åskollen

Map of the urban area of Drammen

Map of Drammensfjorden

History[link]

rock carvings at Åskollen and Austad are 6000 to 7000 years old, and are the first signs of human activity in the area. The largest rock carving at Åskollen depicts a moose.

Drammen originally consisted of three small seaports: Bragernes (on the northern side of the Drammenselva river) and Strømsø and Tangen (both on the southern side of the river). For trade purposes, small seaports were placed under market towns. Despite their geographical proximity, Bragernes was placed under Christiania and Strømsø under Tønsberg. For this reason, cooperation between the adjacent seaport towns was almost impossible.

In 1662, a merger was proposed to unite Strømsø and Bragernes to form a market town with the name Frederiksstrøm. The proposal was rejected by Frederick III of Denmark. Bragernes received limited market town rights in 1715, and merged with Strømsø to gain status as a single city on 19 June 1811.^[8]

2011 is a special year for Drammen as the city celebrates her 200 years with many city jubilee celebrations.^[9]

Its unique geographical location made the city a centre for seafaring, shipbuilding, log driving, timber trade, and (since the 19th century) paper and pulp industries. During the 1960s most of the pulp and paper factories along the Drammenselva were closed down.^{[citation needed]}

Large parts of the city were ruined in the great fire of 12–13 July 1866, which led to the reconstruction of the city centre, including the characteristic town square and Bragernes church.^[10]

In 1909, Drammen got the first trolleybus system in Scandinavia, the Drammen trolleybus. The lines ran until 1967. For many years the centre of Drammen suffered from heavy traffic, but in 1970 the European route E18 bridge helped somewhat, and in 1999 the opening of the Bragernes tunnel diverted much of the traffic away from the centre of the city.^{[citation needed]} In recent years, the city centre has seen significant regeneration^{[citation needed]}, with the introduction of new housing, shopping facilities, restaurants, cafes and bars, as well as a public pathway along the Drammenselva river.^[11][12]

Geography[link]

Drammen is one of the larger cities in Norway, and lies about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the capital of Norway, Oslo. The city centre lies at the end of a valley, on both sides of the Drammenselva river, and where the river meets the Drammensfjord. Drammen is also the main harbor for car and fruit import in Norway.

As of 1 January 2007, the population of the urban area of Drammen is 93,006. Drammen is the sixth largest urban area of Norway and occupies territory in five municipalities: Drammen (with about 61% of the population), Nedre Eiker (23%), Øvre Eiker (8%), Lier (5%), and Røyken (3%).^[13]

The Øvre Sund area, situated along Drammenselva, will be regulated by the municipality in order to restore this area's character. The buildings there are from the 18th and 19th century, and contribute, as well as the river and the brewery, to give the city a special identity.^[14] In 2008 Drammen won the prestigious prize for the best city development in Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Attractions[link]

Aass Brewery

Drammen Theater

Aass Brewery[link]

Aass Brewery is the oldest surviving brewery in Norway, and has won acclaim for both its beer and its conservative building. Founded in 1834, the brewery's primary products are soft drinks, beer and aquavit.^[15]

Bridges[link]

• Drammen City Bridge (Drammensbrua bybro) - concrete bridge which connects the two centers of the town, built 1936^{[citation needed]}
• Drammen Bridge (Drammensbrua) - motorway box girder bridge that crosses Drammenselva, built 1971
• Ypsilon bridge (Ypsilon bru) - cable-stayed bridge over Drammenselva, built 2007

Drammen Museum[link]

The Drammen Museum of Art and Cultural History includes the Marienlyst farm, a manor house from approx. 1770, museum building from 1930 with the museum's administration, permanent exhibitions and collections, and Lyche pavilion from 1990 with the gallery, temporary exhibitions and museum café, Halling yard, with 5 old buildings, the oldest from 1760's. The museum also includes the two largest preserved like farms in Drammen, Gulskogen Manor and Austad farm.^[16]

Drammen Theater[link]

Drammen Theater in Bragernes was built in 1869 and was designed by architect Emil Victor Langlet. The theater was the first modern theater in the country. It was designed in a complex Renaissance style with symmetrical facades and round arched windows. After Drammen Theater suffered total destruction by fire in December 1993, a new theater was rebuilt on the model of the original house. It was finished during February 1997.^[17]

Sport clubs[link]

• Drammen FK. Founded 23 August 2008.
• Drammen golfklubb. Founded in 1988. Golf club with 18-hole course situated in the southern part of Drammen, on the border to Sande in Vestfold.
• Drammen HK Handball club competing in Men's European Champions League (07/08)
• IF Hellas
• IF Sturla
• Konnerud IL Sport club most famous for its cross-country skiing facilities.
• SBK Drafn Founded Sept. 15, 1910, 21 Norwegian Championships in bandy, 1 lost cup final in football (1927). One World Champion ski jumper, Hans Bjørnstad 1950. Ole Olympic Gold medallist, Thorleif Haug 1924 (three gold, one bronze).
• SBK Skiold
• Strømsgodset IF. Founded 10 February 1907. Five Norwegian championships in football (1969, 1970, 1973, 1991, 2010). Winner of the Norwegian football league in 1970. Won 6 Norwegian championships in bandy.
• Drammen Bandy plays in the highest division.

Notable residents[link]

International relations[link]

Twin towns — Sister cities[link]

The following cities are twinned with Drammen:^[18]

• - Kolding, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark
• - Lappeenranta, Etelä-Suomen lääni, Finland
• - Burgas, Bulgaria
• - Stykkishólmur, Iceland
• - Örebro, Örebro County, Sweden

Gallery[link]

Churches[link]

• 

  Skoger Church

• 

  Bragernes Church

• 

  Strømsgodset church

• 

  Konnerud church

• 

  St. Lauentius church (Roman Catholic)

• 

  Fjell church

Tunnels[link]

• 

  Bragernes tunnel

• 

  Hamborgstrøm tunnel

• 

  Strømsås tunnel

• 

  Kleivene tunnel

• 

  Strømsås tunnel

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Drammen

External links[link]

Look up Drammen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Buskerud travel guide from Wikitravel
• Tourist Information
• Elvebyen Drammen (Norwegian)
• River City of Drammen
• Visit Drammen
• Drammen kommune

v t e Municipalities of Buskerud Ål Drammen Flå Flesberg Gol Hemsedal Hol Hole Hurum Kongsberg Krødsherad Lier Modum Nedre Eiker Nes Nore og Uvdal Øvre Eiker Ringerike Rollag Røyken Sigdal

Justyna Kowalczyk
Personal information
Full name	Justyna Kowalczyk
Born	(1983-01-19) January 19, 1983 (age 29) Limanowa, Poland
Height	1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)
Professional information
Club	AZS AWF Katowice
Skis	Fischer
World Cup
Seasons	2001– present
Wins	33 (all wins) 21 (World Cup) 10 (Tour de Ski) 2 (World Cup finale)
Additional podiums	49 (World Cup) 24 (Tour de Ski) 8 (World Cup finale)
Total podiums	81
Updated on 2012-03-17.

Medal record
Women's cross country skiing
Competitor for  Poland
Olympic Games
Gold	2010 Vancouver	30 km classical
Silver	2010 Vancouver	Individual sprint
Bronze	2010 Vancouver	15 km pursuit
Bronze	2006 Turin	30 km
World Championships
Gold	2009 Liberec	15 km pursuit
Gold	2009 Liberec	30 km
Silver	2011 Oslo	10 km classical
Silver	2011 Oslo	15 km pursuit
Bronze	2011 Oslo	30 km
Bronze	2009 Liberec	10 km

Justyna Kowalczyk (pronounced [jusˈtɨna kɔˈvalt​͡ʂɨk] ( listen), born January 19, 1983^[1]) is a Polish cross country skier who has been competing since 2000. She is one of the most successful cross country skiers of all time, being the only skier in the history with victories in all the most important sport events, so called "The Big Crown": Olympic Games, World Championships, World Cup and Tour de Ski.

Kowalczyk is an Olympic Champion and a double World Champion. She is also the only skier who won the Tour de Ski three times in a row and one of two female skiers, who won the FIS Cross-Country World Cup three times in a row (the other one being Finn Marjo Matikainen). Kowalczyk holds the all-time record for the most wins in Tour de Ski with 10 competitions won.

Career[link]

Kowalczyk finished second in the individual sprint at the 2003 World Junior Championships. She finished 31st in the individual sprint event at the 2003 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. Recently in Canmore, Canada, on Jan 22, 2008, Justyna Kowalczyk won the race for her second World Cup triumph. She followed in Canmore with two more bronze medals in the same World Cup event. Kowalczyk was 3rd in the 2007 World Cup.

She has also won eighteen individual events at various distances and levels since 2001.

At the 2009 world championships in Liberec, Kowalczyk won two gold medals, one in the women's pursuit (7.5 km classical + 7.5 km free technique), and another one in the 30 km mass start. She also secured a bronze medal in the 10 km classical event.

She won the overall 2008–09 Cross-Country Skiing World Cup.

On March 24, 2009, Kowalczyk was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

On February 27, 2010, Kowalczyk beat Norway's Marit Bjørgen by 0.3 seconds to win the gold medal in the women's 30 km classical event in the 2010 Winter Olympics. She posted a time of one hour, 30 minutes, 33.7 seconds. She earned two more medals in Vancouver, taking silver behind Bjørgen in the individual sprint classic on February 17, 2010, and bronze in the 15 km pursuit on February 19, 2010.^[2]

The Big Crown[link]

Kowalczyk is the only cross-country skier in history to have won all the "Big Crown": Olympic Games (2010, Vancouver, 30 km), World Championship (2009, Liberec, 15 km pursuit and 30 km), World Cup (2008/2009, 2009/2010 and 2010/2011) and Tour de Ski (2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012).

The suspension in 2005[link]

At the 2005 World Championships, Kowalczyk competed but was subsequently disqualified for taking dexamethasone at the Under23 (U23) OPA (Alpine Nations) Intercontinental Cup competition in Oberstdorf, Germany back on January 23, 2005. Dexamethason is a substance that is allowed Out-of-Competition but prohibited In-Competition. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. Kowalczyk used the substance to alleviate an Achilles tendon condition.

On June 13, 2005, the FIS Doping Panel issued a two-year suspension (January 23, 2005 – January 22, 2007) for Kowalczyk. In late June 2005 FIS determined that since dexamethasone was a glucocorticosteroid, it was classified as a specified substance on the World Anti-Doping Agency list of prohibited substances, and therefore the period of ineligibility for the first violation is at a maximum, one year's ineligibility. The FIS Doping Panel therefore reduced the suspension to one year.

Kowalczyk appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) which held that Kowalczyk did not use Dexamethason to enhance her sport performance. However, she acted negligently, but the measure of the negligence did not justify a one year term of ineligibility. According to CAS, a reduced period of ineligibility ending 8 December 2005 (the day of the hearing) provided the fair and proportionate measure of sanction.

CAS criticised the FIS Doping Panel that their decision excluded any consideration of Kowalczyk's defence that she did not use the substance to enhance her sport performance. According to CAS, Kowalczyk had disclosed and substantiated her defence that Dexamethason was not intended to enhance performance. She had submitted corresponding medical certifications to the FIS Doping Panel as proof of use in alleviating an Achilles tendon condition. Upon Kowalczyk's prima facie showing that her use of the substance was for medical reasons, the burden of proof shifted to FIS to prove the contrary.

Criticism of anti-asthma drugs[link]

Kowalczyk criticized Marit Bjørgen and other competitors during the Olympic Games in 2010 for using anti-asthma drugs. Bjørgen won five medals in the Olympics, three of them gold.^[3] The drug is allowed by FIS if prescribed by an Olympic team physician.^[3] Kowalczyk later apologized for the timing of her statements, since the Games were still going on at the time.^[3]

World Cup victories[link]

Season titles[link]

Race victories[link]

1. Otepää – January 27, 2007 – Individual (10 km) classical
2. Canmore – January 22, 2008 – (7.5 km + 7.5 km) double pursuit
3. Whistler – January 17, 2009 – (7.5 km + 7.5 km) double pursuit
4. Otepää – January 24, 2009 – Individual (10 km) classical
5. Valdidentro – February 14, 2009 – Individual (10 km) classical
6. Lahti – March 8, 2009 – (10 km) freestyle interval start
7. Falun – March 18–22, 2009 – (25 km) World Cup Finale
8. Kuusamo – November 28, 2009 – Individual sprint classical
9. Rogla – December 20, 2009 – (15 km) classical mass start
10. Tour de Ski – January 1–10, 2010 – (60 km)
11. Otepää – January 16, 2010 – Individual (10 km) classical
12. Rybinsk – January 23, 2010 – (7.5 km + 7.5 km) double pursuit
13. Canmore – February 6, 2010 – Individual sprint classical
14. Tour de Ski – January 9, 2010/2011 – (60 km)
15. Rybinsk – February 4, 2011 – (5 km + 5 km) double pursuit
16. Rogla – December 17, 2011 – (10 km) classical mass start
17. Tour de Ski – January 8, 2011/2012 – (63 km)
18. Otepää – January 21, 2012 – Individual sprint classical
19. Otepää – January 22, 2012 – Individual (10 km) classical
20. Moscow – February 2, 2012 – Sprint (1.5 km) freestyle
21. Szklarska Poręba – February 18, 2012 – Individual (10 km) classical

Total podiums[link]

1. Otepää – January 7, 2006 – Individual (10 km) classical (3. place)
2. Otepää – January 27, 2007 – Individual (10 km) classical (1. place)
3. Kuusamo – December 2, 2007 – Individual (10 km) classical (3. place)
4. Canmore – January 22, 2008 – (7.5 km + 7.5 km) double pursuit (1. place)
5. Canmore – January 23, 2008 – Individual sprint classical (3. place)
6. Canmore – January 25, 2008 – (10 km) freestyle interval start (3. place)
7. Liberec – February 16, 2008 – (10 km) freestyle interval start (2. place)
8. Bormio – March 16, 2008 – (10 km) freestyle interval start (2. place)
9. Kuusamo – November 29, 2008 – Individual sprint classical (3. place)
10. Whistler – January 16, 2009 – Individual sprint classical (2. place)
11. Whistler – January 17, 2009 – (7.5 km + 7.5 km) double pursuit (1. place)
12. Otepää – January 24, 2009 – Individual (10 km) classical (1. place)
13. Valdidentro – February 14, 2009 – Individual (10 km) classical (1. place)
14. Lahti – March 8, 2009 – (10 km) freestyle interval start (1. place)
15. Trondheim – March 12, 2009 – Individual sprint classical (3. place)
16. Trondheim – March 14, 2009 – (30 km) classical mass start (2. place)
17. Falun – March 18–22, 2009 – (25 km) World Cup Finale (1. place)
18. Kuusamo – November 28, 2009 – Individual sprint classical (1. place)
19. Rogla – December 19, 2009 – Individual sprint classical (2. place)
20. Rogla – December 20, 2009 – (15 km) classical mass start (1. place)
21. Tour de Ski – January 1–10, 2010 – (60 km) (1.place)
22. Otepää – January 16, 2010 – Individual (10 km) classical (1.place)
23. Rybinsk – January 22, 2010 – Individual sprint freestyle (3. place)
24. Rybinsk – January 23, 2010 – (7.5 km + 7.5 km) double pursuit (1. place)
25. Canmore – February 5, 2010 – (10 km) freestyle interval start (2. place)
26. Canmore – February 6, 2010 – Individual sprint classical (1. place)
27. Lahti – March 6, 2010 – (7.5 km + 7.5 km) double pursuit (2. place)
28. Falun – March 17–21, 2010 – (25 km) World Cup Finale (2. place)
29. Kuusamo – November 28, 2010 – (15 km) freestyle interval start (2. place)
30. Davos – December 11, 2010 – Individual (10 km) classical (2.place)
31. La Clusaz – December 18, 2010 – (15 km) mass start (2. place)
32. Tour de Ski – January 9, 2010/2011 – (60 km) (1. place)
33. Otepää – January 22, 2011 – Individual (10 km) classical (2. place)
34. Rybinsk – February 4, 2011 – (5 km + 5 km) double pursuit (1. place)
35. Rybinsk – February 5, 2011 – Individual sprint classical (3. place)
36. Drammen – February 19, 2011 – Individual (10 km) classical (2. place)
37. Lahti – March 12, 2011 – (5 km +5 km) double pursuit (2. place)
38. Falun – March 16–20, 2011 – (25 km) World Cup Finale (2. place)
39. Rogla – December 17, 2011 – (10 km) classical mass start (1. place)
40. Tour de Ski – January 8, 2011/2012 – (63 km) (1. place)
41. Otepää – January 21, 2012 – Individual sprint classical (1. place)
42. Otepää – January 22, 2012 – Individual (10 km) classical (1. place)
43. Moscow – February 2, 2012 – Sprint (1.5 km) freestyle (1. place)
44. Rybinsk – February 5, 2012 – (7.5 km + 7.5 km) double pursuit (2. place)
45. Nove Mesto na Morave – February 11, 2012 – (15 km) classical mass start (2. place)
46. Szklarska Poręba – February 18, 2012 – Individual (10 km) classical (1. place)
47. Lahti – March 4, 2012 – Individual sprint classical (3. place)
48. Drammen – March 7, 2012 – Individual sprint classical (3. place)
49. Oslo – March 11, 2012 – (30 km) classical mass start (2. place)

Tour de Ski victories[link]

Race victories[link]

1. Oberhof – January 2, 2010 – (10 km) Classical Handicap Start
2. Cortina – Toblach – January 7, 2010 – Individual (5 km) Classical
3. Oberhof – December 31, 2010 – (2.5 km) Freestyle Prologue
4. Oberhof – January 1, 2011 – (10 km) Classical Pursuit
5. Cortina – Toblach – January 6, 2011 – (16 km) Freestyle Pursuit
6. Cortina – Toblach – January 8, 2011 – (10 km) Classical Mass Start
7. Oberhof – December 29, 2011 – (2.5 km) Freestyle Prologue
8. Oberhof – December 30, 2011 – (10 km) Classical Pursuit
9. Oberhof – December 31, 2011 – Sprint (1.2 km) Classical Final
10. Val di Fiemme – January 7, 2012 – (10 km) Classical Mass Start

Total podiums[link]

1. Nove Mesto – December 28, 2007 – (3.3 km) Classical Prologue (3. place)
2. Nove Mesto – December 29, 2007 – (10 km) Freestyle Handicap (3. place)
3. Asiago – January 4, 2008 – (0,8 km) Sprint Freestyle (3. place)
4. Oberhof – December 27, 2008 – (2.8 km) Freestyle Prologue (3. place)
5. Oberhof – December 28, 2008 – (10 km) Classical Handicap Start (3. place)
6. Oberhof – January 1, 2010 – (2.8 km) Freestyle Prologue (3. place)
7. Oberhof – January 2, 2010 – (10 km) Classical Handicap Start (1. place)
8. Oberhof – January 3, 2010 – Sprint (1.2 km) Classical Final (2. place)
9. Cortina – Toblach – January 6, 2010 – (16 km) Freestyle Handicap Start (3. place)
10. Cortina – Toblach – January 7, 2010 – Individual (5 km) Classical (1. place)
11. Oberhof – December 31, 2010 – (2.5 km) Freestyle Prologue (1. place)
12. Oberhof – January 1, 2011 – 10 km) Classical Pursuit (1. place)
13. Oberstdorf – January 2, 2011 – Sprint Classical (2. place)
14. Cortina – Toblach – January 6, 2011 – 16 km Freestyle Pursuit (1. place)
15. Cortina – Toblach – January 8, 2011 – 10 km Classical Mst (1. place)
16. Oberhof – December 29, 2011 – (2.5 km) Freestyle Prologue (1. place)
17. Oberhof – December 30, 2011 – 10 km) Classical Pursuit (1. place)
18. Oberhof – December 31, 2011 – Sprint (1.2 km) Classical Final (1. place)
19. Oberhof – January 1, 2012 – 5+5 km C/F Skiathlon (2. place)
20. Cortina – Toblach – January 3, 2012 – 3 km Classical (2. place)
21. Cortina – Toblach – January 4, 2012 – Sprint (1.3 km) Freestyle Final
22. Cortina – Toblach – January 5, 2012 – 15 km Freestyle Pursuit (2. place)
23. Val di Fiemme – January 7, 2012 – (10 km) Classical Mass Start (1. place)
24. Val di Fiemme – January 8, 2012 – (9 km) Classical Handicap Start (2. place)

World Cup finale victories[link]

Race victories[link]

1. Falun – March 19, 2010 – (2.5 km) Classical Prologue
2. Falun – March 17, 2012 – (10 km) Classical Mass Start

Total podiums[link]

1. Falun – March 20, 2009 – (2.5 km) Freestyle Prologue (3. place)
2. Falun – March 21, 2009 – (10 km) Mass Pursuit (3. place)
3. Stockholm – March 17, 2010 – Sprint 1.1 km Classical (2. place)
4. Falun – March 19, 2010 – (2.5 km) Classical Prologue (1. place)
5. Falun – March 21, 2010 – (10 km) Freestyle Handicap (2. place)
6. Falun – March 18, 2011 – (2.5 km) Classical Prologue (2. place)
7. Falun – March 19, 2011 – (10 km) Freestyle Handicap (2. place)
8. Falun – March 17, 2012 – (10 km) Classical Mass Start (1. place)

Footnotes[link]

References[link]

• June 13, 2005 FIS Doping Control statement on Kowalczyk (Digitized version). – Accessed July 30, 2006
• July 13, 2005 FIS Newsflash statement on Kowalczyk's suspension (Digitized version). – Accessed July 30, 2006
• December 14, 2005 FIS Newsflash on her overturned suspension (Digitized version). – Accessed July 30, 2006
• Arbitration CAS 2005/A/918 Kowalczyk v/ FIS, award of 8 December 2005
• Justyna Kowalczyk at the International Ski Federation
• Justyna Kowalczyk awarded the most beautiful woman in Poland
• Justyna Kowalczyk Official Site
• Unofficial Site in English and Swedish

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Justyna Kowalczyk

Heidi Weng (born 20 July 1991) is a Norwegian cross-country skier and fell runner.

In cross country skiing her best individual World Cup finish is a third place in Lahti in March 2012. She has won three gold medals at the Junior World Championships, two in relay and one in pursuit.^[1]

She is a Norwegian senior champion in fell running in 2010, and placed fourth at the World Junior Championships in the same year. She is also a Norwegian junior champion in cross-country running.^[2]

She hails from Ytre Enebakk, but represents the club IL i BUL.^[2]

References[link]

This biographical article relating to Norwegian cross-country skiing is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Petter Northug
Personal information
Full name	Petter Northug Jr.
Born	(1986-01-06) 6 January 1986 (age 26) Mosvik, Norway
Height	1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)
Professional information
Club	Strindheim IL
Skis	Fischer
World Cup
Seasons	2005–
Wins	13
Additional podiums	12
Total podiums	25

Medal record
Men's cross country skiing
Competitor for  Norway
Olympic Games
Gold	2010 Vancouver	50 km classical
Gold	2010 Vancouver	Team sprint
Silver	2010 Vancouver	4×10 km relay
Bronze	2010 Vancouver	Individual sprint
World Championships
Gold	2007 Sapporo	4×10 km
Gold	2009 Liberec	15 km + 15 km skiathlon
Gold	2009 Liberec	50 km
Gold	2009 Liberec	4×10 km
Gold	2011 Oslo	15 km + 15 km skiathlon
Gold	2011 Oslo	50 km
Gold	2011 Oslo	4×10 km
Silver	2011 Oslo	Sprint
Silver	2011 Oslo	Team sprint

Petter Northug Jr. (born 6 January 1986) is a Norwegian cross country skier and double Olympic champion. He has 9 World Championship and Winter Olympic gold medals with 13 medals overall, and 11 individual FIS Cross-Country World Cup wins with 23 podium places.

Early life and career[link]

During his first years, Northug was generally considered a star of the future. Whilst he was still a junior Verdens Gang newspaper reported in November 2005 that "the ski manufacturers are fighting to get Northug".^[1] Fischer won his signature, and his contract included a base salary (the first time ever for a junior), which would be multiplied by five if he made the Norwegian elite team for 2006/07, which he did. The contract also offered bonuses if he won medals in the junior World Championships.

Northug has six gold medals from junior World Championships. His first two gold medals came in 2004/05 in the pursuit and the 10 km freestyle in Rovaniemi, then in 2005/06 in Kranj he won gold in the 10 km classic, the pursuit, the sprint, and the relay. He also has two silver medals (one in the sprint, and one in the relay, both in 2004/05). His victories made him the first athlete ever to win five individual gold medals at the FIS Junior Nordic World Ski Championships. During 2005/06 he also took part in the Norwegian National Championships, and won the double pursuit race, beating Frode Estil by 1.9 seconds, and became the first junior to ever win a Norwegian National Championship.

Before he joined the World Cup he competed in a few Continental Cup meetings, but mostly in the Scandinavian Cup. During his Scandinavian Cup career (2004/05 & 2005/06) he had seven podium finishes, he came second once in 2004/05, and in 2005/06 he scored four victories, and two second places.

Athletic career[link]

The 2005/06 season was Northug's first in the World Cup, although he competed in one race the season before, a sprint in Drammen, he came 35th. During the 2005/06 season he shared his time equally between the World Cup and the Scandinavian Cup, although in early May 2006 it was announced that Northug would be in the senior national team for the 2006/07 season.^[2] Northug also claimed his first World Cup victory in the 2005/06 season, in a pursuit race in Falun, beating 2005/06 World Cup winner Tobias Angerer, who came second, and 2004/05 overall champion Axel Teichmann was third.^[3] Then in the last race of the year, a pursuit in Sapporo he claimed another podium place, coming second.^[4] He lost to Mathias Fredriksson by 3.8 seconds. He also came seventh, tenth, and twelfth in sprint races, and fifteenth in the 50 km freestyle in Holmenkollen. Northug finished the 2005/06 World Cup season in 14th place overall. He also finished 14th in the distance standings, and 24th in the sprint.^[5]

After Norway's disappointing display at the 2006 Winter Olympics, the Norwegian press questioned why Northug was not taken to the games. Northug himself admitted he was disappointed after not getting selected, especially as he had won the double pursuit in the National Championships earlier in the year.^[6]

Northug won his first gold medal at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Sapporo as a member of the 4 x 10 km relay in 2007. He added three more golds at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec, earning them in the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit, 4 x 10 km relay and 50 km freestyle mass start.

Northug was the runner up to the overall World Cup in the 2008/2009 season, losing to the Swiss Dario Cologna after leading before the final races.

Northug finished in an extremely disappointing 41st place in the first Cross Country event during the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada. A day later, Northug responded with a bronze medal in the Sprint Event. This success was short lived however, as he broke his pole in the end of the 30 km pursuit. He then won his first Olympic gold, in the Team Sprint, alongside Øystein Pettersen.

Days later he was skiing the anchor leg in the 4 x 10 km relay. When he took over from Lars Berger who was skiing the 3rd leg, he was 37.5 seconds behind the lead group. Despite this he managed to perform his incredibly fast finish to catch and overtake France and the Czech Republic to win Norway a silver medal.