- published: 01 Jul 2008
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- author: MusicCornerTV
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![[Dofus - Kolizéum #12 - Punition ça fait mal ! - HD] Iop/Eni/Sacri 200 Versus Cra/Eni/Xelor](http://web.archive.org./web/20121126015448im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LN78pxsZ5QY/default.jpg "Combat Kolizéum sur le serveur Silouate : Ni-ami (Iop 200) / Naine-bleue (Eniripsa 200) / Mezin (Sacrieur 200) contre Cra 200 / Eni 200 / Xelor 199 *A regarder en HD*")
![ENI FIM Superbike World Championship in Moscow Raceway 2012 by ConceptVision.ru [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121126015448im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/K-QRjEpS2Fo/default.jpg "Первый в истории России этап чемпионата World Superbike на трассе MoscowRaceway в Москве 25-26 августа 2012 Film by ConceptVision.ru http")
![[Zophire] Mon Eni Feu lvl 145](http://web.archive.org./web/20121126015448im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/X_ucntYr4oY/default.jpg "# ** ABONNE-TOI ------ PARTAGE ------ FAVORIS ------ AIME ** # --------------- (Si simple pour vous, si utile pour nous ! --------------- Hésitez pas à donner votre avis sur cette vidéo ! =====================(LIEN)===================== Forum de Milky Way : milky-way.lebonforum.com Lvl 150mini, sauf membre de qualité 130mini ! Blog de SwaggAndZoph : swaggandzoph.blogspot.fr Suivez nous, des infos suplémentaires sont posté dessus ! PRENEZ SOIN DE VOUS ET À BIENTÔT ! :D --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Propriété D'Ankama Images")
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- 1967 Oil Embargo
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ADNOC
The Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Arabic: شركة بترول أبوظبي الوطنية) or ADNOC is the state-owned oil company of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is considered to be the world's fourth largest oil company with access to country's oil and gas reserves, (137 billion barrels (21.8×10^9 m3) of oil as of June 2007).
ADNOC is one of the world's leading companies by oil reserves. The company operates two oil refineries which are Ruwais and Umm Al Nar. ADNOC has 14 subsidiary companies, both on upstream and downstream.
ADNOC is developing both onshore and offshore gas fields. Natural gas is exported in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and supplied for local electricity and water utilities, to other industries including petrochemical plants and for re-injection into reservoirs to improve oil and condensate production.
ADNOC is the eighth largest recipient of US federal contract dollars, receiving a total of $918,256,500 in 2008 alone. usaspending.gov (2008), Federal Contracts to ABU DHABI, http://www.usaspending.gov/fpds/fpds.php?database=fpds&reptype=r&detail=-1&sortby=a&datype=T&parent_id=264465&fiscal_year=2008
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Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (Portuguese: República de Angola, pronounced: [ʁɨˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈɡɔla];Kikongo, Kimbundu, Umbundu: Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in southern Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The Portuguese were present in some—mostly coastal—points of the territory of what is now Angola, from the 16th to the 19th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples that lived there. In the 19th century they slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in the interior. Angola as a Portuguese colony encompassing the present territory was not established before the end of the 19th century, and "effective occupation", as required by the Berlin Conference (1884) was achieved only by the 1920s. Independence was achieved in 1975, after a protracted liberation war. After independence, Angola was the scene of an intense civil war from 1975 to 2002. The country has vast mineral and petroleum reserves, and its economy has on average grown at a two-digit pace since the 1990s, especially since the end of the civil war. In spite of this, standards of living remain low for the majority of the population, and life expectancy and infant mortality rates in Angola are among the worst-ranked in the world. At the same time, a minority has reached comfortable life standards, and the dominant stratum has succeeded in accumulating considerable wealth, so that social inequality in Angola is one of the highest in the world.
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Borsa Italiana
The Borsa Italiana S.p.A., based in Milan, is Italy's main stock exchange. It was privatised in 1997 and is a part of the London Stock Exchange Group plc since 2007. In 2005, the companies listed on the Borsa were worth US$890 billion. It is also informally known as Piazza Affari ("Business Square"), after the city square of Milan where its headquarters (the Palazzo Mezzanotte building) is located.
The Borsa di commercio di Milano (Milan Stock Exchange) was established by Eugène de Beauharnais, viceroy of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, through decrees dated 16 January and 6 February 1808. It operated under public ownership until 1998.
It was sold to a consortium of banks, and operated under a joint-stock holding company between 2 January 1998 and on 1 October 2007, when it was merged with the London Stock Exchange in an all-share takeover.
Borsa Italiana has managing responsibility for Italy's derivatives markets (IDEM and MIF) and its fixed income market (MOT). On the MOT (Electronic Government Bond and Securities Market), buy and sell contracts are traded on government securities and nonconvertible bonds; the EuroMOT is the Euro-Bond Electronic Market that trades Eurobonds, bonds from foreign issuers and asset-backed securities.
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Brindisi
Brindisi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbrindizi] (
listen); Sicilian: Brìnnisi; Latin: Brundisium) is a city in the Apulia region of Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, off the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, the city has played an important role in commerce and culture, due to its position on the Italian Peninsula and its natural port on the Adriatic Sea. The city is a major port for trade with Greece and the Middle East. Brindisi has an active industry in agriculture, chemical and energy production.
Brindisi is situated on a natural harbor, that penetrates deeply into the Adriatic coast of Apulia. Within the arms of the outer harbor islands are Pedagne, a tiny archipelago, currently not open and in use for military purposes (United Nations Group Schools used during the intervention in Bosnia). The entire municipality is part of the Brindisi Plain, characterized by high agricultural uses of its land. It is located in the northeastern part of the Salento plains, about 40 km (24.85 mi) from the Itria Valley, and the low Murge. Not far from the city is the Natural Marine Reserve of the World Wide Fund for Nature of Torre Guaceto. The Ionian Sea is located about 45 km (27.96 mi) away.
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East Texas Oil Field
The East Texas Oil Field is a large oil and gas field in east Texas. Covering 140,000 acres (570 km2) and parts of five counties, and having 30,340 historic and active oil wells, it is the second largest oil field in the United States outside of Alaska, and first in total volume of oil recovered since its discovery in 1930. It is a component of the Mid-Continent Oil Province, the huge region of petroleum deposits extending from Kansas to New Mexico to the Gulf of Mexico.
The field includes parts of Gregg, western Rusk, southern Upshur, southeastern Smith, and northeastern Cherokee counties in the northeastern part of the state. Overall the field is about 45 miles (72 km) long on the north-south axis, and five miles (8 km) across. Interstate 20 cuts across the field from east to west, and the towns of Kilgore, Overton, and Gladewater are on the field. At one time, downtown Kilgore had more than 1,000 active wells clustered in a tight area, making it the densest oil development in the world.
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Egypt
Egypt
i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: 
جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
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Ferrara
Ferrara listen (help·info) is a city and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. It is situated 50 km north-northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the 14th century and 15th century, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance it has been qualified by UNESCO as World Heritage Site. Modern times have brought a renewal of industrial activity. Ferrara is on the main rail line from Bologna to Padua and Venice, and has branches to Ravenna, Poggio Rusco (for Suzzara) and Codigoro. In 2006, due to its important historical significance, Ferrara became the headquarters of the Italian Hermitage Museum. It is the fifth city in the world to have been linked with the Russian museum. From this union was born the Hermitage-Italy Foundation.
The origin of Ferrara is uncertain, it was probably settled by the inhabitants of the lagoons at the mouth of Po river; there are two early centers of settlement, one round the cathedral, the other, the castrum bizantino, being the San Pietro district, on the opposite shore, where the Primaro empties into the Volano channel. Ferrara appears first in a document of the Lombard king Desiderius of 753 AD, as a city forming part of the Exarchate of Ravenna. Desiderius pledged a Lombard ducatus ferrariae ("Duchy of Ferrara") in 757 to Pope Stephen II. After 984 it was a fief of Tedaldo, count of Modena and Canossa, nephew of the emperor Otto I. It afterwards made itself independent, and in 1101 was taken by siege by the countess Matilda. At this time it was mainly dominated by several great families, among them the prominent Adelardi (or Aleardi) family.
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Ferrera Erbognone
Ferrera Erbognone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 km southwest of Milan and about 25 km southwest of Pavia. It is included in the lower Lomellina historical region, on the banks of the Erbognone stream, an affluent of the Agogna.
Ferrera Erbognone borders the following municipalities: Galliavola, Lomello, Mezzana Bigli, Ottobiano, Pieve del Cairo, Sannazzaro de' Burgondi, Scaldasole, Valeggio.
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Fiat
Fiat S.p.A., (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino) (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin), is an Italian automobile manufacturer based in Turin. Fiat was founded in 1899 by a group of investors including Giovanni Agnelli. During its more than a century long history, Fiat has also manufactured railway engines and carriages, military vehicles, and aircraft. As of 2009, the Fiat group (not inclusive of its subsidiary Chrysler) was the world's ninth largest carmaker and the largest in Italy.
Fiat-based cars are built around the world. Outside Italy, the largest country of production is Brazil, where the Fiat brand is the market leader. The group also has factories in Argentina and Poland and a long history of licensing production of its products in other countries. It also has numerous alliances and joint ventures around the world, the main ones being located in Italy, France, Turkey, Serbia, India and China.
Agnelli's grandson Gianni Agnelli was Fiat's chairman from 1966 until 1996; he then served as honorary chairman from 1996 until his death on 24 January 2003, during which time Cesare Romiti served as chairman. After their[clarification needed] removal, Paolo Fresco served as chairman and Paolo Cantarella as CEO. Umberto Agnelli then took over as chairman from 2003 to 2004. After Umberto Agnelli's death on 28 May 2004, Luca Cordero di Montezemolo was named chairman, with Agnelli heir John Elkann becoming vice chairman (at the age of 28), and other family members also serving on the board. At this point, CEO Giuseppe Morchio resigned, and Sergio Marchionne was named to replace him on 1 June 2004.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Libya
Libya (Arabic: ليبيا Lībyā), Berber: ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
With an area of almost 1.8 million square kilometres (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the third largest country in Africa by area, and the 17th largest in the world. The largest city, Tripoli, is home to 1.7 million of Libya's 6.4 million people. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica.
In 2009 Libya had the highest HDI in Africa and the fourth highest GDP (PPP) per capita in Africa, behind Seychelles, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world and the 17th-highest petroleum production.
As a result of the Libyan civil war, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, which had at that time been in existence for 34 years, collapsed and Libya entered a period of governance by a transitional administration called the National Transitional Council. The NTC has stated its intention to oversee the first phase of a transition to constitutional democracy, after which it claims it will dissolve in favor of a representative legislature.
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Livorno
Livorno (Italian: [liˈvorno] ( listen)), traditionally Leghorn (/lɛɡˈhɔrn/, /ˈlɛɡ.hɔrn/, /ˈlɛɡɔrn/), is a port city on the Tyrrhenian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of approximately 161,000 residents in 2011.
Livorno was defined as an "ideal town" during the Italian Renaissance. Today, it reveals its history through the structure of its neighbourhoods, crossed by canals and surrounded by fortified town walls, through the tangle of its streets, which embroider the town's Venice district, and through the Medici Port characteristically overlooked by towers and fortresses leading to the town centre. Designed by the architect Bernardo Buontalenti at the end of the 16th century, Livorno underwent a period of great town planning expansion at the end of the 17th century. Near the defensive pile of the Old Fortress, a new fortress, together with the town-walls and the system of navigable canals, was then built. After Pisa's silting up, distance from the sea and loss of dominance, Livorno took over as the main port in Tuscany.
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Mantova
Mantua (Italian: Mantova [ˈmantova] ( listen); Emilian and Latin: Mantua) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name. Mantua's historic power and influence under the Gonzaga family made it one of the main artistic, cultural, and especially musical hubs of Northern Italy and the country as a whole. Mantua is noted for its significant role in the history of opera, and the city is known for its architectural treasures and artifacts, elegant palaces, and medieval and Renaissance cityscape. It is the nearest town to the birthplace of the Roman writer Virgil. It is also the town to which Romeo was banished in William Shakespeare's Play Romeo and Juliet.
Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes created during the 12th century. These receive the waters of the river Mincio, a tributary of the Po which descends from Lake Garda. The three lakes are called Lago Superiore, Lago di Mezzo, and Lago Inferiore ("Upper", "Middle", and "Lower Lake"). A fourth lake, Lake Pajolo, which once completed a defensive water ring of the city, dried up at the end of the 18th century.
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Nettuno
Nettuno is a town and comune of the province of Rome in the Lazio region of central Italy, 60 kilometers south of Rome. It is named in honour of the Roman god Neptune. A resort city and agricultural center on the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the Mediterranean Sea it has a population of approximately 46,000.
It has a touristic harbour hosting about 860 boats and a shopping center, selling everything for fishing and sailing. There is also an extensive yacht club.
Nettuno is the city of the D.O.C. wine Cacchione.
The town was founded by the Saracens in the 9th century. It is a popular tourist destination today, where there are a well-preserved old quarter, the Borgo Medievale, with mediaeval streets and small squares, and the Forte Sangallo, a castle built in 1503 by renaissance architect Antonio Da Sangallo Il Vecchio (Antonio da Sangallo the Elder).
It is an important center of pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Maria Goretti. In the shrine there is a crypt where lie the mortal remains of the saint. The church keeps also a priceless polychromed wooden statue of Our Lady of Grace, which is honoured by the town with a procession every year the first Saturday of May.
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Nigeria
Nigeria
i/naɪˈdʒɪəriə/, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba.
In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims in the North and Christians in the South; a very small minority practice traditional religion. Since 2002 there have been a spate of clashes, particularly in the North of the country, between government forces and the Islamists Boko Haram, militant jihadists who seek to establish sharia law.
The people of Nigeria have an extensive history. Archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BCE. The area around the Benue and Cross River is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BC and the 2nd millennium.
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Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf is located in Western Asia between Iran (Persia) and the Arabian Peninsula. It is an extension of the Indian Ocean.
The Persian Gulf was the focus of the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers. In 1991, the Persian Gulf again was the background for what was called the "Persian Gulf War" or the "Gulf War" when Iraq invaded Kuwait and was subsequently pushed back, despite the fact that this conflict was primarily a land conflict.
The Persian Gulf has many good fishing grounds, extensive coral reefs, and abundant pearl oysters, but its ecology has come under pressure from industrialization, and in particular, oil and petroleum spillages during wars in the region.
Historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is sometimes controversially referred to as the Arabian Gulf or simply The Gulf by most Arab states, although neither of the latter two terms are recognized internationally. The name Gulf of Iran (Persian Gulf) is used by the International Hydrographic Organization.
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Ravenna
Ravenna [raˈvenna] ( listen) (Romagnol: Ravêna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 402 until that empire collapsed in 476. Afterwards, it served as the capital of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths. The city formed the centre of the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna until the invasion of the Franks in 751, after which it became the seat of the Kingdom of the Lombards.
Although an inland city, Ravenna is connected to the Adriatic Sea by the Candiano Canal. It is the location of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The origin of the name Ravenna is unclear, although it is believed the name is Etruscan. Some have speculated that "ravenna" is related to "Rasenna" (later "Rasna"), the term that the Etruscans used for themselves, but there is no agreement on this point.[citation needed]
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Rome
Rome (/ˈroʊm/; Italian: Roma pronounced [ˈroːma] ( listen); Latin: Rōma) is a city and special comune ("Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and the capital of Lazio (Latin: Latium). With 2.8 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi), it is also the country's largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. Between 3.2 and 3.7 million people live in the Rome metropolitan area. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.
Rome's history spans two and a half thousand years. It was the capital city of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, which was the dominant power in Western Europe and the lands bordering the Mediterranean for over seven hundred years from the 1st century BC until the 7th century AD and the city is regarded as one of the birthplaces of western civilization. Since the 1st century AD Rome has been the seat of the Papacy and, after the end of Byzantine domination, in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. In 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic.
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Statoil
Statoil ASA, trading as Statoil and formerly known as StatoilHydro, is a Norwegian oil and gas company, formed by the 2007 merger of Statoil with the oil and gas division of Norsk Hydro. The Government of Norway is the largest shareholder in Statoil with 67% of the shares. The ownership interest is managed by the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy.
Statoil is a fully integrated petroleum company with production operations in thirteen countries and retail operations in eight. By revenue Statoil is in 2010 ranked by Fortune Magazine as the world's 13th largest oil and gas company, and the largest company in the Nordic region by revenue, profit, and market capitalization.
Statoil is the largest operator on the Norwegian continental shelf, with 60% of the total production. The fields operated are Brage, Heimdal, Grane, Glitne, Gullfaks, Heidrun, Huldra, Kristin, Kvitebjørn, Mikkel, Njord, Norne, Ormen Lange, Oseberg, Sleipner, Snorre, Snøhvit, Statfjord, Sygna, Tordis, Troll, Veslefrikk, Vigdis, Visund, Volve and Åsgard. The company also has processing plants at Kolsnes, Kårstø, Mongstad, Tjeldbergodden and Melkøya.
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Taranto
Taranto (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtaːranto] ( listen); Latin: Tarentum; Ancient Greek: Τάρᾱς Tarās; Modern Greek: Τάραντας Tarantas; Tarantino "Tarde") is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto and is an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base.
It is the third-largest continental city of Southern Italy: according to 2010 estimates, it has a population of 195 882.
Taranto is an important commercial and military port. It has well-developed steel and iron foundries, oil refineries, chemical works, some shipyards for building warships, and food-processing factories.
Taranto's pre-history dates back to 706 BC when it was founded as a Greek colony. The ancient city was situated on a peninsula on which the modern city has been built over the ancient Greek city of which only a few ruins remain including part of the city wall, two temple columns dating to the 6th century BC and tombs.
The islets of S. Pietro and S. Paolo (St. Peter and St. Paul) protect the bay, called Mar Grande (Big Sea), where the commercial port is located. Another bay, called Mar Piccolo (Little Sea), is formed by the peninsula of the old city, and has flourishing fishing. Mar Piccolo is a military port with strategic importance.
wn.com/Taranto -
Tunisia
Tunisia (USi/tuːˈniːʒə/ two-NEE-zhə or UK /tjuːˈnɪziə/ tew-NIZ-iə; Arabic: تونس Tūnis pronounced [ˈtuːnɪs]), officially the Republic of Tunisia (Arabic: الجمهورية التونسية al-Jumhūriyyah at-Tūnisiyyah), is the northernmost country in Africa. It is an Arab Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area is almost 165,000 square kilometres (64,000 sq mi), with an estimated population of just under 10.7 million. Its name is derived from the capital Tunis located in the northeast.
Tunisia is the smallest country in North Africa. The south of the country is composed of the Sahara desert, with much of the remainder consisting of particularly fertile soil and 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) of coastline.
Tunisia has relations with both the European Union—with whom it has an association agreement—and the Arab world. Tunisia is also a member of the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, and the African Union. Tunisia has established close relations with France in particular, through economic cooperation, industrial modernization, and privatisation programs.
wn.com/Tunisia -
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
wn.com/United_States
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CNPC
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) (simplified Chinese: 中国石油天然气集团公司; traditional Chinese: 中國石油天然氣集團公司; pinyin: Zhōngguó Shíyóu Tiānránqì Jítuán Gōngsī) is a Chinese state-owned oil and gas corporation and the largest integrated energy company in the People's Republic of China. It has its headquarters in Dongcheng District, Beijing.
CNPC is the parent of PetroChina, the second largest company in the world in terms of market capitalization as of June 2010.
CNPC is the government-owned parent company of public-listed PetroChina, a company created on November 5, 1999 as part of the restructuring of CNPC. In the restructuring, CNPC injected into PetroChina most of the assets and liabilities of CNPC relating to its exploration and production, refining and marketing, chemicals and natural gas businesses.
CNPC and PetroChina develop overseas assets through a joint venture, CNPC Exploration & Development Company, which is 50% owned by PetroChina.
CNPC can be traced from the beginning as a governmental department of the PRC government. In 1949, the Chinese government formed a Fuel Industry Ministry dedicated to the management of fuel. In January 1952 a sub department of the fuel ministry was formed to manage petroleum exploration and mining, it was called the Chief Petroleum Administration Bureau. In July 1955 a new ministry was created to replace the Fuel Industry Ministry, it was called the Ministry of Petroleum. From 1955 to 1969, approximately 4 oil fields were found in 4 areas in Qinghai, Heilongjiang (Daqing oilfield), Bohai Bay and Songliao basin. CNPC was finally created in 17 September 1988 when the government decided to disband the Ministry of Petroleum and created a state owned company to handle all Petroleum activities in China.
wn.com/CNPC -
Eni of East Anglia
Eni or Ennius was a member of the Wuffing family, the ruling dynasty of the Kingdom of East Anglia. He was the son of Tyttla and brother of Raedwald, both kings of East Anglia.
There is no historical evidence that Eni ever ruled the East Angles himself. The principal references to him are in Bede's Ecclesiastical History and in the East Anglian dynastic tally preserved in the Anglian collection. The tally is not a regnal list but a series of genealogical affiliations, (hence it does not mention Raedwald, who was not a direct ancestor of the line of Eni).
It is possible, but nowhere indicated, that Raedwald associated Eni to his power as an East Anglian regent or sub-king during the period of his own ascendancy, 616-624. The sources we have indicate that Eorpwald, Raedwald's son, succeeded his father.
Eni is identified by Bede as the father of three East Anglian kings, namely Anna (r. c636-654), Aethelhere (r. 654) and Aethelwold (r. 654-664). In the Anglian collection he is also the grandfather of King Ealdwulf (r. 664-713), whose father was Æthelric. Since royal power reverted to Ealdwulf in 664 after the rule of his uncles, it is often supposed that Æthelric was actually the elder brother of Anna, Æthelhere and Æthelwold and may be the same person as Egric of East Anglia, who shared the throne with Sigeberht (c. 629-634) and died with him in 636. Hereswitha, Ealdwulf's mother, had already left East Anglia for a monastic life in Gaul by 647 (Bede, History, iv.23)and so Æthelric was probably dead by then.
wn.com/Eni_of_East_Anglia -
Enrico Mattei
Enrico Mattei (April 29, 1906 – October 27, 1962) was an Italian public administrator. After World War II he was given the task of dismantling the Italian Petroleum Agency Agip, a state enterprise established by the Fascist regime. Instead Mattei enlarged and reorganized it into the National Fuel Trust Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI). Under his direction ENI negotiated important oil concessions in the Middle East as well as a significant trade agreement with the Soviet Union which helped break the oligopoly of the 'Seven Sisters' that dominated the mid 20th century oil industry. He also introduced the principle whereby the country that owned exploited oil reserves received 75% of the profits.
Mattei, who became a powerful figure in Italy, was a left-wing Christian Democrat, and a member of parliament from 1948 to 1953. Mattei made ENI a powerful company, so much so that Italians called it "the state within the state." He died in a mysterious plane crash in 1962, likely caused by a bomb in the plane. The unsolved death of Mattei has obsessed Italy for years and was the subject of an award-winning film The Mattei Affair by Francesco Rosi in 1972.
wn.com/Enrico_Mattei -
Paolo Scaroni
Paolo Scaroni, born on 28 November 1946 in Vicenza, Italy, is chief executive officer of Italian energy company Eni SpA.
In 1969, Scaroni graduated from Bocconi University of Milan in the field of economics. In 1973 he obtained an MBA from Columbia Business School.
In 1969, Scaroni joined Chevron Corporation for three years. After obtaining MBA, Scaroni was an associate at McKinsey & Company. In 1973, he joined Saint-Gobain, where he held different positions, culminating with his appointment as president of flat glass division. In 1985, he was appointed CEO of Techint. In 1996, he moved to the United Kingdom to become Chief Executive Officer of Pilkington.
From May 2002 to May 2005 he served as CEO of Enel, Italy's leading electricity company. At Enel, Scaroni made a real breakthrough by abandoning the traditional multi-utility corporate model, supported by his predecessor Franco Tatò, in favour of placing greater focus on the core energy business. Under his mandate, Enel created a separate wind energy unit and the discontinued the roll out of the Enel Sì branded franchise.[citation needed] In 2005, he was chairman of Alliance Unichem before taking over the position of CEO of Eni in 2006.
wn.com/Paolo_Scaroni -
PetroChina
PetroChina Company Limited (Chinese: 中国石油天然气股份有限公司, Chinese: 中國石油天然氣股份有限公司) (SEHK: 0857, SSE: 601857, NYSE: PTR) is a Chinese oil company and is the listed arm of state-owned China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), headquartered in Dongcheng District, Beijing. It is China's biggest oil producer. Traded in Hong Kong and New York, the mainland enterprise announced its plans to issue stock in Shanghai in November 2007, and subsequently entered trading on the Shanghai index.
PetroChina was established as a joint stock company with limited liabilities under the Company Law of the People's Republic of China (the PRC) on November 5, 1999, as part of the restructuring of CNPC. In the restructuring, CNPC injected into PetroChina most of the assets and liabilities of CNPC relating to its exploration and production, refining and marketing, chemicals and natural gas businesses.
Although PetroChina is the most profitable company in Asia, this success may be the result of corporate management, but can also be attributed to the near duopoly on the wholesale and retail business of oil products it shares with Sinopec in China.
wn.com/PetroChina -
Sinopec
China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Limited (中国石油化工股份有限公司), or Sinopec Limited (simplified Chinese: 中国石化; traditional Chinese: 中國石化; pinyin: Zhōngguó Shíhuà), is a Chinese oil and gas company based in Beijing, China. It is listed in Hong Kong (SEHK: 0386) and also trades in Shanghai (SSE: 600028) and New York (NYSE: SNP). Sinopec is the worlds seventh biggest company by revenue.
Sinopec Limited's parent, Sinopec Group, is one of the major petroleum companies in China, headquartered in Chaoyang District, Beijing. Sinopec's business includes oil and gas exploration, refining, and marketing; production and sales of petrochemicals, chemical fibers, chemical fertilizers, and other chemical products; storage and pipeline transportation of crude oil and natural gas; import, export and import/export agency business of crude oil, natural gas, refined oil products, petrochemicals, and other chemicals. In 2011 it ranked as the 5th largest company in sales in Forbes Global 2000.In 2009, it was ranked 9th by Fortune Global 500 becoming the first Chinese corporation to make the top ten and in 2010 it was ranked 7th. In 2007, it ranked first in the Top 500 Enterprises of China ranking.
wn.com/Sinopec
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ENI - Oci Su Ti Ocean
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
UPLOADED WITH PERMISSION GIVEN BY NIKOLINA TOMLJANOVIC! YOUR EYES ARE LIKE OCEAN ENI Video Playlist: www.youtube.com For more informations about the artist(s) please visit, for the start, these selected web-resources: www.eni.hr , www.myspace.com , www.croart.com . Thank you! MARIO SCHNELLER, establisher and editor of .:MUSIC CORNER:. (Mainstream Music Promotion Web System). www.socialvibe.com , www.myspace.com , www.youtube.com .
http://wn.com/ENI_Oci_Su_Ti_Ocean
Eni Koci ft Staz - Nobody Else
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Facebook: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Eni_Koci_ft_Staz_Nobody_Else
Eni Koci ft Noizy -Je gjithcka (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Enny Official :www.facebook.com twitter : twitter.com Instrumental : SINIMA BEATS
http://wn.com/Eni_Koci_ft_Noizy_-Je_gjithcka_Official_Video
ENI - Trazi Se Decko
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
UPLOADED WITH PERMISSION GIVEN BY NIKOLINA TOMLJANOVIC! SEARCHING FOR A BOY ENI Video Playlist: www.youtube.com For more informations about the artist(s) please visit, for the start, these selected web-resources: www.eni.hr , www.myspace.com , www.croart.com . Thank you! MARIO SCHNELLER, establisher and editor of .:MUSIC CORNER:. (Mainstream Music Promotion Web System). www.socialvibe.com , www.myspace.com , www.youtube.com .
http://wn.com/ENI_Trazi_Se_Decko
Eni Agbelebu - Yoruba Nollywood Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 119:20
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
This is a free film to watch...People have been waiting for this film to come online and here its is brought to by OKIN PARTNERS. Cast:- Funke Akindele, Iyabo Ojo, Taiwo Ibikunle, Modupe Johnson, Ganiu Nofiu, Taiwo Hassan, etc and many more.... Please subscribe to our channel....brought to you by OKIN PARTNERS
http://wn.com/Eni_Agbelebu_Yoruba_Nollywood_Movie
Eyes on Eni Part 2 (english subtitles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
For more information check my Website: www.eni-aksoy.de Eni Fan Page Facebook: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Eyes_on_Eni_Part_2_english_subtitles
[Dofus - Kolizéum #12 - Punition ça fait mal ! - HD] Iop/Eni/Sacri 200 Versus Cra/Eni/Xelor
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:41
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Combat Kolizéum sur le serveur Silouate : Ni-ami (Iop 200) / Naine-bleue (Eniripsa 200) / Mezin (Sacrieur 200) contre Cra 200 / Eni 200 / Xelor 199 *A regarder en HD*
http://wn.com/_Dofus_Kolizéum_12_Punition_ça_fait_mal_!_HD_Iop_Eni_Sacri_200_Versus_Cra_Eni_Xelor
Je gjithcka - Noizy & Eni Koci (COVER)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
hey you, my first cover on youtube now :D i love this song and i decided to do a cover of it but in my own version (i can't rap, you know! haha) well, i know i'm not that good but i enjoyed doing it! so let me know what you think!!!! (austria, macedonia) -fatlinda demiri
http://wn.com/Je_gjithcka_Noizy_Eni_Koci_COVER
ENI ft. Let 3 - Mara Pogibejčić {SPOT}
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
album: "Da capo" 2003., Dallas records
http://wn.com/ENI_ft_Let_3_Mara_Pogibejčić_SPOT_
ENI FIM Superbike World Championship in Moscow Raceway 2012 by ConceptVision.ru [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Первый в истории России этап чемпионата World Superbike на трассе MoscowRaceway в Москве 25-26 августа 2012 Film by ConceptVision.ru http
http://wn.com/ENI_FIM_Superbike_World_Championship_in_Moscow_Raceway_2012_by_ConceptVisionru_HD_
[Zophire] Mon Eni Feu lvl 145
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:04
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
# ** ABONNE-TOI ------ PARTAGE ------ FAVORIS ------ AIME ** # --------------- (Si simple pour vous, si utile pour nous ! --------------- Hésitez pas à donner votre avis sur cette vidéo ! =====================(LIEN)===================== Forum de Milky Way : milky-way.lebonforum.com Lvl 150mini, sauf membre de qualité 130mini ! Blog de SwaggAndZoph : swaggandzoph.blogspot.fr Suivez nous, des infos suplémentaires sont posté dessus ! PRENEZ SOIN DE VOUS ET À BIENTÔT ! :D --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Propriété D'Ankama Images "Crédits : Ankama Games" Notre Chaîne n'est aucunement relié à Ankama.fr - © Copyright 2012 SwaggAndZoph
http://wn.com/_Zophire_Mon_Eni_Feu_lvl_145
ENI & Vava - Otključana vrata (Official video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Redatelj: Kristijan Vučković
http://wn.com/ENI_Vava_Otključana_vrata_Official_video
2012 eni FIM Superbike World Championship - Misano (ITA)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Highlights of the 2012 eni FIM Superbike World Championship - Misano (Italy)
http://wn.com/2012_eni_FIM_Superbike_World_Championship_Misano_ITA
Manmohan Waris - Eni Vi Nafrat Na Kar - Punjabi Virsa 2012 Toronto
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
'Eni Vi Nafrat Na Kar', is a brand new song that Manmohan Waris performed at Powerade Centre, Brampton on June 2nd, 2012. The lyrics are by Sukhpal Aujla. Enjoy. © 2012 Plasma Records. www.plasmarecords.com or http
http://wn.com/Manmohan_Waris_Eni_Vi_Nafrat_Na_Kar_Punjabi_Virsa_2012_Toronto
Eni/Agip @ kalaba community,Bayelsa,NIGER DELTA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
video shots were taken at each of the spill sites and testimonies were obtained from Kalaba community which is one of the communities the Agip pipelines transverses in Okordia clan, Yenagoa local government area. Last year Kalaba community experienced over ten oil spills, on both sides of the Taylor Creek.
http://wn.com/Eni_Agip_@_kalaba_community,Bayelsa,NIGER_DELTA
Eni Award 2012- Cerimonia di Premiazione
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:37
- Updated: 16 Jul 2012
Nel Salone delle Feste del Quirinale, alla presenza del Presidente della Repubblica Giorgio Napolitano, del Presidente di Eni Giuseppe Recchi e dell'Amministratore Delegato di Eni Paolo Scaroni, la cerimonia di premiazione degli Eni Award 2012. Prize giving ceremony In the Salone delle Feste del Quirinale, the prize giving ceremony for the Eni Awards 2012 took place in the presence of President Giorgio Napolitano, the Chairman of Eni Giuseppe Recchi and the CEO of Eni Paolo Scaroni.
http://wn.com/Eni_Award_2012_Cerimonia_di_Premiazione
![[Dofus] Enirvana: Eni 200 - Grade 10 - Thalatta - Brumaire](http://web.archive.org./web/20121126015448im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/j4OL4uzOcQA/default.jpg "[Dofus] Enirvana: Eni 200 - Grade 10 - Thalatta - Brumaire")
[Dofus] Enirvana: Eni 200 - Grade 10 - Thalatta - Brumaire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
thalatta.skyrock.com Voici Enirvana, l'Eni de la team Thalatta sur le serveur Brumaire.
http://wn.com/_Dofus_Enirvana_Eni_200_Grade_10_Thalatta_Brumaire
Anantnag, Aarathi - Kannada - Ee youvana romanchana-haavu eni aata
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Movie - Haavu Eni Aata Song - Ee youvana kshana kshana romanchana
http://wn.com/Anantnag,_Aarathi_Kannada_Ee_youvana_romanchana-haavu_eni_aata
Sacrieur Vs Eni
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:14
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Rien d'extraordinaire, mais j'ai pensé à filmer pour une fois. alterya.net
http://wn.com/Sacrieur_Vs_Eni
![[Vidéo #6] Dofus eni feu lvl 189 + astuce pour gagner des kamas](http://web.archive.org./web/20121126015448im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/V1ezwZ0P_h8/default.jpg "[Vidéo #6] Dofus eni feu lvl 189 + astuce pour gagner des kamas")
[Vidéo #6] Dofus eni feu lvl 189 + astuce pour gagner des kamas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:46
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Salut a tous ! On se retrouve aujourd'hui pour vous présentez mon eni feu qui est a se jour est niveaux 189 sur many ainsi qu'une astuce pour gagner des kamas ( 2m par semaine ). Vous trouverez dans cette vidéo le présentation du stuff et des caractéristiques de ma vidéo ainsi que mon " rox " :D au pounch enfin pour ceux qui galair a monter les sorts pour les enis il ya un tuto vers la fin de la vidéo et biensûr mon astuce kamas ! Si vous voulez des renseignement lachez vos coms et n'hésitez pas a like la vidéo et de s'abonner si vous avez aprécié la vidéo =D . Bon visionage a très bientôt !
http://wn.com/_Vidéo_6_Dofus_eni_feu_lvl_189_+_astuce_pour_gagner_des_kamas
Eni's institutional video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:28
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
Il filmato illustra brevemente le attività di Eni nei settori del petrolio e del gas naturale, della generazione e commercializzazione di energia elettrica, della petrolchimica e dell'ingegneria e costruzioni, nei diversi paesi del mondo. The video highlights Eni's activities in the oil and gas, power generation and sale, petrochemicals, oilfield services construction and engineering industries around the world.
http://wn.com/Eni's_institutional_video
Gestori Eni Friuli Venezia Giulia protestano sotto la sede della compagnia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Servizio del Tg3 e di Tvision sulla protesta dei Gestori Eni Friuli Venezia Giulia protestano sotto la sede Eni
http://wn.com/Gestori_Eni_Friuli_Venezia_Giulia_protestano_sotto_la_sede_della_compagnia
Szefi & Eni - Amnesia 9 - Eni röhögő görcsöt kapott
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:45
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Kérdezz itt : ask.fm Facebook profil: www.facebook.com Facebook Oldal:www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Szefi_Eni_Amnesia_9_Eni_röhögő_görcsöt_kapott
photo: AP / Mohammed Asad
24 Nov 2012
Cairo. President Mohamed Morsi insisted on Friday that Egypt is on the path to “freedom and democracy” after granting himself sweeping powers, which sparked clashes between his supporters and foes and raised concerns abroad. “Political stability, social stability and economic stability are what I want and that is what I am working for,” he told a...(size: 4.8Kb)
photo: AP
23 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. I was fortunate to have been raised near an American Indian archaeological spot located on the Great Plains. In elementary school, a fellow classmate would periodically bring and show grinding stones, arrow- and spearheads, stone farming implements, and pictures of what the excavated site may have...(size: 7.1Kb)
photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
23 Nov 2012
Israel and Hamas are seeking to solidify an Egyptian and US-brokered cease-fire halting eight days of aerial assaults that ravaged the Gaza Strip and made Tel Aviv a missile target. Announcing the truce in Cairo last night alongside Egypt's foreign minister, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton promised U.S. assistance in seeking to "improve...(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: AP / Egyptian Presidency
23 Nov 2012
Opposition groups in Egypt have called for mass protests on Friday against President Mohammed Mursi's decree that gives him sweeping powers. They have described his move as a "coup against legitimacy" and accused the president of appointing himself Egypt's "new pharaoh". The decree states that the president's decisions cannot be revoked by any...(size: 4.6Kb)
photo: AP / Polash Khan
25 Nov 2012
The death toll from a fire in a clothes factory in Bangladesh has leapt to at least 120, officials say. The fire broke out late on Saturday in the nine-floor Tazreen Fashion factory in the Ashulia district on the outskirts of...(size: 1.5Kb)
Bloomberg
26 Nov 2012
Europe’s answer to the U.S. shale boom may lie beneath the Sahara desert. While environmental regulation and disappointing drilling tests have held back the development of shale gas reserves in Europe, Algeria is using tax breaks to encourage exploration. Pipelines under the Mediterranean to Spain and Italy already link Africa’s largest gas...(size: 7.7Kb)
Goal
26 Nov 2012
The former Athletic Bilbao midfielder opened his account with his new club with an acrobatic over-head kick, and he has revealed that he will keep the...(size: 1.0Kb)
Mail Guardian South Africa
25 Nov 2012
Nigeria President Goodluck Jonathan has sought to assure a sceptical nation that corruption in the oil industry was being addressed. More Coverage The report from a government-appointed task force has not been officially made public, but leaked copies have generated strong responses from officials, the state oil firm and private companies, which...(size: 5.3Kb)
Goal
25 Nov 2012
The former Valencia coach took over at the Luzkniki in the close season, but after a 5-1 loss at the hands of Dinamo Moscow, the club have relieved him of his duties By Enis Koylu...(size: 1.2Kb)
Goal
25 Nov 2012
There were impressive wins for Freiburg, who beat Stuttgart 3-0 in a local derby and Fortuna Dusseldorf, who claimed their first home triumph of the season, but Werder Bremen drew By Enis Koylu More On : Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Borussia...(size: 1.6Kb)
IMC
25 Nov 2012
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25 Nov 2012
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Stockhouse
23 Nov 2012
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For the father of three Anglo-Saxon kings, see Eni of East Anglia.
| 130px | |
| Type | Società per azioni |
|---|---|
| Traded as | BIT: ENI, NYSE: E |
| Industry | Oil and gas |
| Founded | February 10, 1953 (1953-02-10) |
| Headquarters | Rome, Italy |
| Key people | Giuseppe Recchi (Chairman) Paolo Scaroni (CEO) |
| Products | Petroleum Natural gas Petroleum products |
| Revenue | €99.48 billion (2010)[1] |
| Operating income | €16.11 billion (2010)[1] |
| Net income | €6.318 billion (2010)[1] |
| Total assets | €131.86 billion (end 2010)[1] |
| Total equity | €55.73 billion (end 2010)[1] |
| Employees | 79,940 (end 2010)[1] |
| Subsidiaries | AGI Distrigas Polimeri Europa Saipem Snam Syndial |
| Website | www.eni.it |
Eni S.p.A. (BIT: ENI, NYSE: E) is an Italian multinational oil and gas company, present in 79 countries, and currently Italy's largest industrial company with a market capitalization of 87,7 billion euros (US$138 billion), as of July 24, 2008.[2] The Italian government owns a 30.3% golden share in the company, 3.93% held through the state Treasury and 26.37% held through the Cassa depositi e prestiti. Another 2.29% of the shares are held by BNP Paribas group.[3] Eni is classified by sales as "supermajor" together with BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, Shell and Total S.A.
Contents |
History[link]
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This section requires expansion. |
1950s–1960s[link]
Despite initial postwar plans to break up Agip, administrator Enrico Mattei converted it to a state monopoly, renamed Eni. The name derives from the initials of the company's original full title Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi, but is no longer used as an acronym. It was also known as United Refineries at around this time on the odd occasion. The Italian Government authorized its establishment on February 10, 1953 in order to implement a national energy strategy based on the concentration of all the activities in the energy sector into one group. Eni was to supply energy to Italy and contribute to the country's industrial development.[citation needed]
The head of Eni, Mattei, a center left politician, had developed cooperation with communist countries, and the import of oil from the Soviet Union became an important part of Eni's operations. At the same time, Eni was involved in a series of high profile political corruption scandals.[citation needed]
In the 1960s, Eni was to build an oil refinery on Canvey Island, Essex, England, although this never went into construction due to heavy protests.[citation needed]
Operations[link]
Exploration & production[link]
Its crude oil production comes primarily from Libya, Egypt, Nigeria, the Congo,[disambiguation needed 
] the North Sea, and Angola, with smaller amounts of crude oil production in Tunisia and in the United States. Eni's China production began in 1992, although it currently amounts to only 1% of Eni's total crude oil production.[4]
In 2007, oil and natural gas production for the full year averaged 1.74 millions boe per day, making Eni Europe's third largest refiner, after Royal Dutch Shell and Total S.A..
Eni carried out several hydrocarbon discoveries in recent years; the main discoveries were made in: Angola, Brazil, Congo, Egypt, Indonesia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Scotland, the Gulf of Mexico and Alaska. In 2007, a total of 81 new exploratory wells were drilled (43.5 of which represented Eni's share). Moreover, the company acquired oil and gas assets in the Gulf of Mexico from Dominion Resources and in onshore Congo from Maurel & Prom with total expenditures amounting to €4.52 billion.[citation needed]
In January 2010 a consortium led by Eni was awarded a license to develop the Zubair field, one of the largest oil fields in Iraq.[5]
Gas & Power[link]
Natural gas[link]
Eni operates in the supply, transport, distribution and sale of natural gas. Gas sales reached 99 billion cubic meters in 2007. In June 2008 the company bought a 57% stake in Distrigas, a Belgian company that supplies natural gas to industries, resellers and electricity producers.[6] In March 2009 it bought the remaining 43%.[7]
In December 2010, Eni entered into the shale gas exploration market by acquiring Minsk Energy Resources owning three licences in the Polish Baltic basin.[8]
Power generation[link]
Eni's electricity generation sites in Italy, as of January 2010, are the following[9]:
- Natural gas power plants
- Brindisi - 1321 MW
- Ferrara - 61 MW
- Ferrera Erbognone - 1030 MW
- Livorno - 199 MW
- Mantova - 836 MW
- Ravenna - 972 MW
- Taranto - 300 MW
- Photovoltaic power plants
- Nettuno - 30 MW
Refining & Marketing[link]
Eni operates in refining and marketing of petroleum products and it is the leading operator in Italy.[10]
Engineering & Construction[link]
Eni operates in engineering, construction and drilling both offshore and onshore for the oil&gas industry through the subsidiary Saipem.[11]
In April 2012, Eni in collaboration with ZEiTECS announced the world's first offshore rigless/wireline retrievable ESP system for Eni Congo.[12]
Split proposal[link]
Activist asset manager Knight Vinke, which owns 1% of the outstanding shares of the company, in October 2009 has begun pressing Eni's management to operate a spin off of Eni's gas activities. In its opinion this would solve the undervaluation of the company and release up to 50 billion euros ($70bn) of hidden value.[13]
Controversies[link]
The Central Energy Italian Gas Holding scandal in 2005 involved Eni and Gazprom [14]
In 2009, the European Commission filed formal antitrust charges against Eni. The commission believes that Eni has conspired to keep competitors from using its gas pipelines.[15]
In 2009 again, according to the WikiLeaks cables, US ambassador Lanier told Washington that bribery allegations were made in Uganda by Eni which at the time was in competition for oil assets in the country against Tullow Oil. The bribes were taken by the newly appointed Ugandan prime minister, Amama Mbabazi. [16]
Subsidiaries[link]
- Distrigas (100% owned) - a natural gas company based in Belgium
- Polimeri Europa (100% owned) - Polimeri Europa is a petrochemical company that manages the production and marketing of petrochemical products such as olefines, aromatics and intermediates (base chemicals), styrenes, elastomers and polyethylene, being also able to count on a range of proprietary technologies, advanced plant facilities and a broad-based distribution network.[citation needed]
- Saipem (43% owned) - Saipem is an oil and gas industry contractor. Saipem has contracted for engineering, oilfield services and construction both offshore and onshore through several pipelines, including Blue Stream, Greenstream, Nord Stream and South Stream. It is a subsidiary listed on the Italian Stock Exchange.
- Snam (52% owned) - Snam (BIT: SRG) owns Italy's largest natural gas pipeline system and is one of the two LNG operators in Italy.[citation needed]
- Eni UK - carries out operations in the British section of the North Sea, in the Irish Sea and off the coast of the Shetland Islands. Has been present in UK since 1964. In 2006 Eni UK's average net production of hydrocarbons was more than 141,000 boe/d.[17]
- Eni India is expected to start drilling at a deepwater block 2, near Andaman and Nicobar Islands in Q2 of 2011 as it has received 2 year extension for the completion of drilling program. The program was delayed due to various environmental issues and scarcity of oil rigs. ENI India had won this block in 2005 and partners with ONGC and GAIL India.[18]
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ a b c d e f "Annual Report 2010". Eni. http://www.eni.com/en_IT/attachments/publications/reports/reports-2010/Annual-Report-2010.pdf. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ^ "Complete Financial Data on the Security ENI - Borsa Italiana". http://www.borsaitaliana.it/bitApp/daticompleti.bit?target=azioni&isin=IT0003132476&lang=en. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
- ^ "Corporate Governance and Shareholding Structure Report 2011,as approved by Eni board of directors on March 15, 2012". http://www.eni.com/en_IT/attachments/governance/publications/2012/Corporate_Governance_Report_2011.pdf. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
- ^ http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strategies/exploration-production/exploration-production.shtml
- ^ "Eni, Occidental Petroleum and KOGAS sign the technical service contract with Iraq's South Oil Company and Missan Oil Company to redevelop Zubair field". Eni. 22 Jan 2010. http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2010/01/2010-01-22-eni-occidental-petroleum-KOGAS.shtml?menu2=media-archive&menu3=press-releases.
- ^ "Publigas, Eni reach agreement on Distrigas sale". Forbes. 2008-06-26. http://www.forbes.com/afxnewslimited/feeds/afx/2008/06/26/afx5155914.html. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
- ^ "Eni completes the acquisition of Distrigas" (Press release). Eni. May 6, 2009. http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2009/05/2009-05-06-distrigas.shtml. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
- ^ "Eni enters European shale play". Upstream Online (NHST Media Group). 2010-12-10. http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article239035.ece. Retrieved 2010-12-11.
- ^ http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strategies/gas-power/gas-power.shtml
- ^ http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strategies/refining-marketing/refining-marketing.shtml
- ^ http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strategies/engineering-construction/engineering-construction.shtml
- ^ "Eni and ZEiTECS Install Eni Congo’s First Rigless Retrievable ESP System". BrightWire. http://www.brightwire.com/news/204823-eni-and-zeitecs-install-eni-congo-s-first-rigless-retrievable-esp-system.
- ^ "Letter to Eni CEO". Knight Vinke Asset Management. http://www.knightvinke.com/includes/documents/2010/k/knight_vinke_letter_to_eni_ceo_paolo_scaroni_4nov2009.pdf. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
- ^ The Putin and Pals Project. Kommersant. Dec. 24, 2005
- ^ EU hits Italian energy group ENI with antitrust charges
- ^ "Uganda names bribes-claim minister new PM". Reuters. 2011-05-24. http://af.reuters.com/article/ugandaNews/idAFLDE74N1W320110524?sp=true.
- ^ "Eni starts production at the Blane oil field offshore UK". Milan: Eni. 2007-09-12. http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2007/09/Eni_starts_production_at_the_B_12.09.2007.shtml?menu2=media-archive&menu3=press-releases. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- ^ "ENI India to start drilling in Q2 of 2011". Kolkata: The Economic Times. 2010-10-26. http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=ETNEW&BaseHref=ETKM/2010/10/26&PageLabel=21&EntityId=Ar02105&ViewMode=HTML&GZ=T. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
Bibliography[link]
- (en) Marcello Boldrini, Mattei, Rome, Colombo, 1969
- (it) Marcello Colitti, Energia e sviluppo in Italia, Bari, De Donato, 1979
- (en) Paul H. Frankel, Oil and Power Policy, New York - Washington, Praeger, 1966
- (en) Pier Paolo Pasolini, Petrolio, various
- (it) Nico Perrone, Enrico Mattei, Bologna, Il mulino, 2001 ISBN 88-15-07913-0
External links[link]
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http://wn.com/Eni
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Eni
http://fr.wn.com/Ente nazionale idrocarburi
http://nl.wn.com/Eni
http://pt.wn.com/ENI
http://de.wn.com/Eni (Unternehmen)
http://it.wn.com/Eni
http://pl.wn.com/Eni
http://id.wn.com/Eni
http://es.wn.com/Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eni
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
