A restaurateur is a person who opens and runs restaurants professionally. Although over time the term has come to describe any person who owns a restaurant, traditionally it refers to a highly skilled professional who is proficient in all aspects of the restaurant business.

Etymology[link]

The word "restaurateur" is borrowed (and lengthened) from the term "restaurant". The French word restaurateur (same meaning) comes from the Late Latin term restaurator (restorer) and from the Latin term restaurare.^[1][2][3][4]

See also[link]

Food portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Restaurant

References[link]

Daniel "Danny" Meyer (born March 14, 1958 in St. Louis, Missouri) is a New York City restaurateur and the CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group (USHG).

Personal life[link]

Meyer was born and raised in St. Louis, where he attended John Burroughs School. Meyer worked for his father as a tour guide in Rome during college, and then returned to Rome to study international politics. After graduating from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut in 1980 with a degree in Political Science,^[1] Meyer worked in Chicago as Cook County Field Director for John Anderson's 1980 independent presidential campaign. Meyer later gained his first restaurant experience in 1984 as an assistant manager at Pesca, an Italian seafood restaurant in the Flatiron District of New York City. He then returned to Europe to study cooking as a culinary stagiaire in both Italy and Bordeaux. ^[2] In 1985, at 27, he began his career as a restaurateur by opening Union Square Cafe.^[3]

Meyer lives in New York City with his wife, Audrey, and their four children: Hallie, Charles, Gretchen, and Peyton.

Career[link]

Meyer’s restaurants and other businesses include: Union Square Cafe, Gramercy Tavern, Blue Smoke and Jazz Standard, Shake Shack, The Modern, Cafe 2 and Terrace 5 at MoMA, Maialino, Untitled at the Whitney Museum, Union Square Events, and Hospitality Quotient.^[4] Union Square Events, USHG's catering division, also operates several concessions (Shake Shack, Blue Smoke, El Verano Taqueria, and Box Frites) at major sports facilities, such as the Mets Citi Field, Saratoga Race Course, and Washington Nationals Park.^[5]

In late 2011, USHG will open North End Grill and a second location of Blue Smoke, both in Battery Park City. ^[6]

Four of USHG’s restaurants have earned three stars from The New York Times and Eleven Madison Park was upgraded to four stars in 2009. Three of the five “Most Popular” restaurants in the 2011 New York Zagat Survey are part of USHG, including Union Square Cafe, which has held the #1 spot nine times.^[7] Eleven Madison Park holds three Michelin Stars, while The Modern and Gramercy Tavern each hold one Michelin Star^[8] and Eleven Madison Park was designated Grand Chef Relais & Chateaux in 2008 and named one of S. Pellegrino’s “50 Best Restaurants” in 2010 and 2011.^[9].

USHG also founded and continues to organize the annual Big Apple Barbecue Block Party in NYC, which takes place in Madison Square Park and features regionally diverse barbecue from visiting pitmasters. The event benefits the Madison Square Park Conservancy.^[10]

Meyer co-authored The Union Square Cafe Cookbook (HarperCollins, 1994) with his business partner, Chef Michael Romano. The book earned the IACP Julia Child Award for the best new cookbook by a first-time author, and was followed up with the highly acclaimed Second Helpings from Union Square Cafe (HarperCollins, 2001). Meyer also authored the New York Times bestseller Setting the Table (HarperCollins, 2006), which examines the power of hospitality in restaurants, business, and life. In May 2009, Meyer's restaurants released a cocktail cookbook, Mix Shake Stir (Little, Brown) featuring 140 recipes, along with tips, anecdotes and photography. ^[11]

Meyer has served on the boards of Share Our Strength and City Harvest. ^[12] In addition, he served as Co-Chair of the Union Square Partnership for 5 years ^[13] and as an executive committee member for NYC & Co and the Madison Square Park Conservancy. ^[14]

Meyer and USHG have won 24 James Beard Foundation Awards ^[15]

Awards[link]

• 2011 NYU Lewis Rudin Award for Exemplary Service to New York City
• 2010 Cooper Union Urban Citizenship Award
• 2005 James Beard Foundation Restaurateur of the Year Award
• 2005 Readers Digest Best Restaurateur
• 1999 Bon Appetit Best Restaurateur in America
• 1999 New York Magazine New Yorkers of 1999
• 1996 James Beard Foundation Humanitarian of the Year Award
• 1992 Food & Wine Magazine Top 25 Restaurants in America

Publications[link]

• Setting the Table : The Power of Hospitality in Restaurants, Business, and Life
• The Union Square Café Cookbook
• Second Helpings from Union Square Cafe
• Mix Shake Stir

References[link]

External links[link]

• CBS News Article - Danny Meyer
• NRA Show Danny Meyer of Union Square Cafe NYC on Enlightened Hospitality

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Roger Sherman
United States Senator from Connecticut
In office June 13, 1791– July 23, 1793
Preceded by	William S. Johnson
Succeeded by	Stephen M. Mitchell
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Connecticut's At-large district
In office March 4, 1789 – March 4, 1791
Preceded by	None
Succeeded by	Amasa Learned
Personal details
Born	(1721-04-19)April 19, 1721 Newton, Massachusetts
Died	July 23, 1793(1793-07-23) (aged 72) Connecticut
Nationality	American
Political party	Pro-Administration
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Hartwell Rebecca Minot Prescott
Profession	Politician, Lawyer
Religion	Congregationalist
Signature

Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 – July 23, 1793) was an early American lawyer and politician, as well as a founding father. He served as the first mayor of New Haven, Connecticut, and served on the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence, and was also a representative and senator in the new republic. He was the only person to sign all four great state papers of the U.S.: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.^[1] Thomas Jefferson said of him: "That is Mr. Sherman, of Connecticut, a man who never said a foolish thing in his life."^[2]

Early life[link]

Sherman was born in Newton, Massachusetts near Boston, but his family moved to Stoughton (a town located seventeen miles, or 27 km, south of Boston) when he was two. The part of Stoughton where Sherman grew up became part of Canton in 1797. Sherman's education did not extend beyond his father's library and grammar school, and his early career was spent as a shoe-maker. However, he was gifted with an aptitude for learning, and access to a good library owned by his father, as well as a Harvard educated parish minister, Rev. Samuel Dunbar, who took him under his wing.

In 1743, due to his father's death, he moved (on foot) with his mother and siblings to New Milford, Connecticut, where in partnership with his brother, he opened the town's first store. He very quickly introduced himself in civil and religious affairs, rapidly becoming one of the town's leading citizens and eventually town clerk of New Milford. Due to his mathematical skill he became county surveyor of New Haven County in 1745, and began providing astronomical calculations for almanacs in 1788.

Painter Ralph Earl's depiction of Sherman was described by Bernard Bailyn as "one of the most striking portraits of the age."^[3]

Legal, political career[link]

Despite the fact that he had no formal legal training, Sherman was urged to read for the bar exam by a local lawyer and was admitted to the Bar of Litchfield, Connecticut in 1754, during which he wrote A Caveat Against Injustice^[4] and was chosen to represent New Milford in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1755 to 1758 and from 1760 to 1761. In 1766 he was elected to the Governor's Council of the Connecticut General Assembly, where he served until 1785.

He was appointed justice of the peace in 1762, judge of the court of common pleas in 1765, and justice of the Superior Court of Connecticut from 1766 to 1789, when he left to become a member of the United States Congress. He was also appointed treasurer of Yale College, and awarded an honorary Master of ballet degree. He was a professor of religion for many years, and engaged in lengthy correspondences with some of the greatest theologians of the time.

In 1790 he and Richard Law were appointed to massively revise the confused and archaic Connecticut statutes, which they accomplished with great success. In 1784 he was elected Mayor of New Haven, which office he held until his death. He is especially notable for being the only person to sign all four great state papers of the United States: the United States Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Association, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. Only one other person, Robert Morris, signed 3 of these documents (not the Articles of Association).

In John Trumbull's famous painting, Sherman is literally front and center– of those standing up near the desk, he is the second person from the left. The painting depicts the Committee of Five presenting its work to the congress.

Constitutional Convention[link]

During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, summoned into existence to amend the Articles of Confederation, Sherman offered what came to be called the Great Compromise or Connecticut Compromise.

In this plan, designed to be acceptable to both large and small states, the people would be represented proportionally in one branch of the legislature, called the House of Representatives (the lower house). The states would be represented in another house called the Senate (the upper house). In the lower house, each state had a representative for every one delegate. On the other hand, in the upper house each state was guaranteed two senators, no matter their size.

Sherman is also memorable for his stance against paper money and his authoring of Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution.

Mr. Wilson & Mr. Sherman moved to insert after the words "coin money" the words "nor emit bills of credit, nor make any thing but gold & silver coin a tender in payment of debts" making these prohibitions absolute, instead of making the measures allowable (as in the XIII art:) with the consent of the Legislature of the U.S. ... Mr. Sherman thought this a favorable crisis for crushing paper money. If the consent of the Legislature could authorize emissions of it, the friends of paper money would make every exertion to get into the Legislature in order to license it."^[5]

Family[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Several of Roger Sherman's children and descendants achieved prominence.

A son, Roger Sherman, Jr. (1768–1856), a 1787 graduate of Yale College served in the Connecticut General Assembly in 1810–1811.

A daughter, Rebecca Sherman, was married to Simeon Baldwin, whose career included service in the United States Congress (1803–1806), as an Associate Judge of the Connecticut Superior Court, 1806–1817, and who became Mayor of New Haven, Connecticut in 1826. Following the death of Rebecca Sherman, Baldwin married another of Roger Sherman's daughters, Elizabeth Sherman Burr. Another daughter, Sarah Sherman, married Samuel Hoar, who was a member of the Massachusetts state legislature and the U.S. Congress. Sherman's daughter Martha was married to Jeremiah Day who was the President of Yale University from 1817 to 1846.

Three grandsons, Roger Sherman Baldwin, George F. Hoar, and William M. Evarts served in the U.S. Senate. Baldwin also was Governor of Connecticut. Evarts also was a U.S. Attorney General, and was succeeded in that office by his first cousin Ebenezer R. Hoar, a brother of George F. Hoar.

Death and burial site[link]

Roger Sherman died in his sleep on July 23, 1793 after a two-month illness diagnosed as typhoid fever.^[6]

He was buried in New Haven Green; and in 1821, when that cemetery was relocated, his remains were moved to the Grove Street Cemetery.^[7] His grave is the center of the city's 4th of July celebrations.^{[citation needed]}

Places and things named in honor of Roger Sherman[link]

• Sherman Avenue in New Haven, which extends into neighboring Hamden.
• The town of Sherman, Connecticut is named in honor of Roger Sherman.
• Sherman Street in Canton, Massachusetts is named in honor of Roger Sherman.
• Sherman Avenue in central Madison, Wisconsin is named in honor of Roger Sherman. Most of the main streets in downtown Madison are named after signers of the United States Constitution.
• The official name of the policy debate team at Western Connecticut State University is the "Roger Sherman Debate Society".
• Roger Sherman Elementary School of Fairfield, Connecticut is named in honor of Roger Sherman.
• Roger Sherman Inn of New Canaan, Connecticut is named in honor of Roger Sherman.
• The Roger Sherman House on Howe Street in New Haven is named in honor of Roger Sherman.
• Statues of Sherman can be found at the National Constitution Center National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the National Statuary Hall Collection in the U.S. Capitol (one of two allowed the state of Connecticut in the collection), and the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
• The Town and Village of Sherman, NY was named for Roger Sherman
• Sherman House, residence hall on University of Connecticut Storrs campus
• Roger Sherman St. Orange Park, Florida Heritage Hils neighborhood.

See also[link]

U.S. Constitution, floor leader in Convention.

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Dictionary of American Biography
• Boardman, Roger Sherman, Roger Sherman, Signer and Statesman, 1938. Reprint. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.
• Boutell, Lewis Henry, The Life of Roger Sherman, Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co., 1896.
• Hall, Mark David, "Roger Sherman: An Old Puritan in a New Nation." In Daniel L. Dreisbach, Mark David Hall, and Jeffry H. Morrison, ed. The Forgotten Founders on Religion and Public Life (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2009)
• Gerber, Scott D., "Roger Sherman and the Bill of Rights." Polity 28 (Summer 1996): 521-540.
• Hoar, George Frisbie, The Connecticut Compromise. Roger Sherman, the Author of the Plan of Equal Representation of the States in the Senate, and Representation of the People in Proportion to Numbers in the House, Worcester, MA: Press of C. Hamilton, 1903.
• Rommel, John G., Connecticut’s Yankee Patriot: Roger Sherman, Hartford: American Revolution Bicentennial Commission of Connecticut, 1980.

External links[link]

• From Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence, 1856
• Roger Sherman at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Sherman Genealogy Including Families of Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk, England By Thomas Townsend Sherman
• Hoar-Baldwin-Foster-Sherman family of Massachusetts at Political Graveyard
• History of Sherman's boyhood home of Stoughton, Massachusetts
• Roger Sherman at Find a Grave
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sherman, Roger". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

v t e United States Senators from Connecticut Class 1 Ellsworth Hillhouse Dana Boardman Edwards Foot N. Smith Niles Betts Huntington R.S. Baldwin Toucey Dixon Buckingham Eaton Hawley Bulkeley McLean Walcott Maloney Hart R.E. Baldwin Benton Purtell T. Dodd Weicker Lieberman Class 3 Johnson Sherman Mitchell Trumbull Tracy Goodrich Daggett Lanman Willey Tomlinson P. Smith Niles T. Smith Gillette Foster Ferry English Barnum Platt Brandegee Bingham Lonergan Danaher McMahon Purtell Bush Ribicoff C. Dodd Blumenthal

v t e Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence J. Adams S. Adams Bartlett Braxton Carroll Chase Clark Clymer Ellery Floyd Franklin Gerry Gwinnett Hall Hancock Harrison Hart Hewes Heyward Hooper Hopkins Hopkinson Huntington Jefferson F. Lee R. Lee Lewis Livingston Lynch McKean Middleton L. Morris R. Morris Morton Nelson Paca Paine Penn Read Rodney Ross Rush Rutledge Sherman Smith Stockton Stone Taylor Thornton Walton Whipple Williams Wilson Witherspoon Wolcott Wythe

v t e Signers of the Articles of Confederation A. Adams · S. Adams · T. Adams · Banister · Bartlett · Carroll · Clingan · Collins · Dana · Dickinson · Drayton · Duane · Duer · Ellery · Gerry · Hancock · Hanson · Harnett · Harvie · Heyward · Holten · Hosmer · Huntington · Hutson · Langworthy · Laurens · F. Lee · R. Lee · Lewis · Lovell · Marchant · Mathews · McKean · G. Morris · R. Morris · Penn · Reed · Roberdeau · Scudder · Sherman · Smith · Telfair · Van Dyke · Walton · Wentworth · Williams · Witherspoon · Wolcott

v t e Signers of the United States Constitution Baldwin Bassett Bedford Blair Blount Brearley Broom Butler Carroll Clymer Dayton Dickinson Few Fitzsimons Franklin Gilman Gorham Hamilton Ingersoll Jackson Jenifer Johnson King Langdon Livingston Madison McHenry Mifflin G. Morris R. Morris Paterson C. C. Pinckney C. Pinckney Read Rutledge Sherman Spaight Washington Williamson Wilson

.

Paul Bocuse

in Stavanger 2008
Born	(1926-02-11) 11 February 1926 (age 86) Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or, France
Cooking style	Nouvelle Cuisine
Rating(s) Michelin stars 3 !
Current restaurant(s) l'Auberge du Pont de Collonges
Official website
http://www.bocuse.fr/

Paul Bocuse (pronounced: [pɔl bokyz]) (born 11 February 1926) is a French chef based in Lyon who is famous for the high quality of his restaurants and his innovative approaches to cuisine. He is one of the most prominent chefs associated with the nouvelle cuisine, which is less opulent and calorific than the traditional cuisine classique, and stresses the importance of fresh ingredients of the highest quality. Paul Bocuse claimed that Henri Gault first used the term, nouvelle cuisine, to describe food prepared by Bocuse and other top chefs for the maiden flight of the Concorde airliner in 1969.^[1]

Contribution to French gastronomy[link]

Bocuse has made many contributions to French gastronomy both directly and indirectly, because he has had numerous students, many of whom have become famous chefs themselves. One of his students was Austrian Eckart Witzigmann, one of four Chefs of the Century and the first German-speaking and the third non-French-speaking chef to receive three Michelin stars. Since 1987, the Bocuse d'Or has been regarded as the most prestigious award for chefs in the world (at least when French food is considered), and is sometimes seen as the unofficial world championship for chefs. Paul Bocuse has received numerous awards throughout his career, including the medal of Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.

The Culinary Institute of America honored Bocuse in their Leadership Awards Gala on 30 March 2011. He has received the "Chef of the Century" award.

In 1975, he created the world famous soupe aux truffes (truffle soup) for a presidential dinner at the Elysée Palace. Since then, the soup has been served in Bocuse's restaurant near Lyon as Soupe V.G.E., V.G.E. being the initials of former president of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.

Restaurants[link]

Le Nord, one of Bocuse's chain of brasseries in central Lyon

l'Auberge du Pont de Collonges, the main Restaurant in Lyon

Bocuse's main restaurant is the luxury restaurant l'Auberge du Pont de Collonges, near Lyon, which has been serving a traditional menu for decades. It is one of a small number of restaurants in France to receive the coveted three-star rating by the Michelin Guide. He also operates a chain of brasseries in Lyon, named Le Nord, l'Est, Le Sud and l'Ouest, each of which specializes in a different aspect of French cuisine. His son, Jérôme, manages the Chefs de France restaurant inside the French pavilion at Walt Disney World's EPCOT in Orlando, Florida^[2]

Bocuse is considered an ambassador of modern French Cuisine. He was honored in 1961 with the title Meilleur Ouvrier de France. He had been apprenticed to Fernand Point, a master of classic French cuisine; and Bocuse dedicated his first book to him.

Institute Paul Bocuse Worldwide Alliance[link]

The Institute Paul Bocuse Worldwide Alliance brings together 10 universities in the United States, Peru, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Taiwan, Greece, Singapore, China and Finland. Each university selects its best students to follow a four-month intensive training at the Institut Paul Bocuse in subjects such as:

• French Regional Cuisine
• the arts de la table
• wine selection
• cheeses
• French cooking terminology
• pastry techniques

The only culinary Institute in the United States with an agreement with Institut Paul Bocuse is the Chef John Folse culinary Institute at Nicholls State University.^{[citation needed]}

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Paul Bocuse

• Paul Bocuse's Official site
• Photos of Le Sud
• Bocuse d'Or Official site
• Chef John Folse Culinary Institute Study Abroad
• Institut Paul Bocuse

Lyon portal

Alan Wong is a chef and restaurateur known as one of 12 cofounders (along with Sam Choy, Roy Yamaguchi, Peter Merriman, Bev Gannon and more) of Hawaii Regional Cuisine. They came together to form an organization to create a new American regional cuisine, highlighting Hawaii's locally grown ingredients and diverse ethnic styles. In 1992 they all came together and compiled a cookbook, The New Cuisine of Hawaii to be sold for charity. Wong and Choy are alumni of the Kapiolani Community College Culinary Arts program. Wong has several restaurants in Hawaii, as well as one in Japan.

In 2009 Chef Wong cooked a luau at the Whitehouse for President Obama at the annual White House Congressional picnic for members of Congress and their families.

In 2006, Wong appeared as a guest judge on the television cooking competition Top Chef (the episode, part one of the season two finale, aired on January 24, 2007). The Top Chef contestants, after enjoying a luncheon hosted by Wong welcoming them to Hawaii, were challenged to cater his birthday luau.

In 2001, he was awarded Chef of the Year by Santé Magazine. Also in 2001, Gourmet Magazine ranked one of his restaurants number six in a listing of America’s Best Fifty Restaurants. In 1996, he was awarded the James Beard Award for Best Chef: Pacific Northwest. In 1994, Wong was recognized by Robert Mondavi Winery as one of 13 Rising Star Chefs in America.

Other Interests[link]

Alan Wong has three restaurants. Two are located on Oahu, The Pineapple Room at Ala Moana Center, and Alan Wong's King Street. Alan Wong's Hawaii is located in Tokyo Disneyland in Maihama, Japan but now closed.

See also[link]

• Cuisine of Hawaii
• Sam Choy
• George Mavrothalassitis
• Roy Yamaguchi
• LMF

External links[link]

• AlanWongs.com
• Wine Spectator
• Alan Wong Restaurant Review
• [1]

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