Thessaly Περιφέρεια Θεσσαλίας
—  Region of Greece  —
Logo
Coordinates: 39°36′N 22°12′E / 39.6°N 22.2°E / 39.6; 22.2Coordinates: 39°36′N 22°12′E / 39.6°N 22.2°E / 39.6; 22.2
Country	Greece
Capital	Larissa
Regional units	List Karditsa Larissa Magnesia Trikala Sporades
Government
• Regional governor	Constantinos Agorastos (ND)
Area
• Total	14,037 km2 (5,420 sq mi)
Population (2005)
• Total	760,000
• Density	54/km2 (140/sq mi)
ISO 3166 code	GR-E
Website	www.pthes.gov.gr

Thessaly (Greek: Θεσσαλία, Thessalía — Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalia) is a traditional geographical region and an administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, and appears thus in Homer's Odyssey.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 regions^[1] and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2010) sub-divided into 5 regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Larissa. Thessaly lies in central Greece and borders the regions of Macedonia on the north, Epirus on the west, Central Greece on the south and the Aegean Sea on the east. The Thessaly region also includes the Sporades islands.

History[link]

The ancient theatre of Larissa.

Ancient history[link]

Thessaly was home to an extensive Neolithic culture around 2500 BC. Mycenaean settlements have also been discovered, for example at the sites of Iolcos, Dimini and Sesklo (near Volos). In Archaic and Classical times, the lowlands of Thessaly became the home of baronial families, such as the Aleuadae of Larissa or the Scopads of Crannon. In the 4th century BC Jason of Pherae transformed the region into a significant military power, recalling the glory of Early Archaic times. Shortly after Philip II of Macedon was appointed Archon of Thessaly, and Thessaly was thereafter associated with the Macedonian Kingdom for the next centuries. Thessaly later became part of the Roman Empire as part of the province of Macedonia.

Medieval and Ottoman Thessaly[link]

Thessaly remained part of the East Roman "Byzantine" Empire after the collapse of Roman power in the west, and subsequently suffered many invasions, such as by the Slavic tribe of the Belegezites in the 7th century AD.^[2] Following the campaigns of the Byzantine general Staurakios in 782-783, the Byzantine Empire recovered Thessaly (then known as Hellas), taking many Slavs as prisoners.^[3] In 977 it was raided by the Bulgarians. Dissatisfaction about the taxation policy led in 1066 the Aromanian and Bulgarian population of Thessaly to revolt against the Byzantine Empire under the leadership of a local lord, Nikoulitzas Delphinas.^[4] The revolt, which began in Larissa, was soon expanded in Trikala and later northwards to the Byzantine-Bulgarian border.^[4] In 1199-1201 another unsuccessful revolt was led by Manuel Kamytzes, son-in-law of Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos.^[5] In 1204 it was assigned to Boniface of Montferrat and in 1225 to Theodore Komnenos Doukas, despot of Epirus. From 1271 to 1318 it was an independent despotate that extended to Acarnania and Aetolia, run by John I Doukas. In 1309 settled there the Almogavars or Catalan Company of the East (Societas Catalanorum Magna), which in 1310, after lifting the siege of Thessalonica, withdrew as mercenaries in the pay of the sebastokrator John II Doukas, and took over the country organized in a democracy. From there they departed to the Duchy of Athens, called by the duke Walter I. In 1318, with the extinction of the Angelid dynasty, the Almogavars occupied Siderokastron and southern Thessaly (1319) and formed the duchy of Neopatria.

One of the flags used in Thessaly during the Greek War of Independence (designed by Anthimos Gazis).

In 1348, it was invaded and occupied by the Serbs under Preljub. After the latter's death in 1356, the region was conquered by Nikephoros Orsini, and after his death three years later, it was taken over by the self-proclaimed Serbian emperor Simeon Uroš. Simeon's son John Uroš succeeded in 1370 but abdicated in 1373, and Thessaly was administered by the Greek Angeloi-Philanthropenoi clan until the Ottoman conquest ca. 1393. Ottoman control was disputed by the Byzantines until the 1420s, when it was consolidated by Turahan Bey, who settled Turkomans in the province and founded the town of Tyrnavos.

In 1821, parts of Thessaly and Magnesia participated in the initial uprisings in the Greek War of Independence, but these revolts were swiftly crushed. Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after the Treaty of Berlin.

Geography[link]

Volos view from Pelion mountain.

Thessaly occupies the east side of the Pindus watershed, extending south of Macedonia to the Aegean Sea. The northern tier of Thessaly is defined by a generally southwest-northeast spur of the Pindus range that includes Mount Olympus, close to the Macedonian border. Within that broken spur of mountains are several basins and river valleys. The easternmost extremity of the spur extends southeastward from Mt. Olympus along the Aegean coast, terminating in the Magnesia Peninsula that envelops the Pagasetic Gulf (also called the Gulf of Volos), and forms an inlet of the Aegean Sea. Thessaly's major river, the Pineios, flows eastward from the central Pindus Range just south of the spur, emptying into the Thermaic Gulf.

The Trikala and Larissa lowlands form a central plain which is surrounded by ring of mountains. It has a distinct summer and winter season, with summer rains augmenting the fertility of the plains. This has led to Thessaly occasionally being called the "breadbasket of Greece".

The region is well delineated by topographical boundaries. The Chasia and Kamvounia mountains lie to the north, the Mt. Olympus massif to the northeast. To the west lies the Pindus mountain range, to the southeast the coastal mountains of Óssa and Pelion.

Several tributaries of the Pineios flow through the region.

Demographics[link]

According to the census conducted by ESYE in 2001, the population of the region of Thessaly is 753,888 and represents 6.9% of the total population of the country.

It has noted a 1.5% increase in the population since 1991 and remains the third largest region in the country population-wise, even though its growth rate is less than the national average for the period 1991-2001 (2.7% vs. 6.7%).

The population break-down is 44% urban, 40% agrarian and 16% semi-urban with the agrarian population having noted a decline which has been paralleled with an increase in the semi-urban.

The metropolitan area of Larissa, the capital of Thessaly, is home to more than 230,000 people, making it the biggest city of the region.

Major communities[link]

Litheos river flowing through city of Trikala.

• Kardítsa (Καρδίτσα)
• Lárisa (Λάρισα)
• Néa Ionía (Νέα Ιωνία)
• Tríkala (Τρίκαλα)
• Vólos (Βόλος)
• Elassona (Ελασσόνα)
• Farsala (Φάρσαλα)

Economy[link]

The alluvial soils of the Pineios Basin and its tributaries make Thessaly a vital agricultural area, particularly for the production of grain, cattle, and sheep. Modernization of agricultural practices in the mid-twentieth century has controlled the chronic flooding that had restricted agricultural expansion and diversification in the low-lying plains. Thessaly is the leading cattle-raising area of Greece, and Vlach shepherds shift large flocks of sheep and goats seasonally between higher and lower elevations. The last decades, there is a rise in cultivating dried nuts such as almonds, pistachios and walnuts especially in the region of Almyros. Rise in the number of olive oil trees have been also observed. The nearly landlocked Gulf of Pagasai provides a natural harbor at Volos for shipping the agricultural products from the plains just to the west and chromium from the mountains of Thessaly.

Transport[link]

The railway station of Volos.

There are a number of highways E75 and the main railway from Athens to Thessaloniki (Salonika) crosses Thessaly. The region is directly linked to the rest of Europe through International Airport of Central Greece located in Nea Anchialos in a small distance from Volos and Larisa. Until today charter flights links the region and brings tourists to the wider area, mainly in Pelion and Meteora. The new infrastructure includes a brand new terminal ready to serve 1500 passengers per hour and new airlanes.

Administration[link]

The Thessaly region was established in the 1987 administrative reform. In everyday use, "Thessaly" is identified with the administrative region, although the historical region extended south into Phthiotis and at times north into West Macedonia as well.

With the 2010 Kallikratis plan, the powers and authority of the region were redefined and extended. Along with Central Greece, it is supervised by the Decentralized Administration of Thessaly and Central Greece, based at Larissa. The region is based at Larissa and is divided into five regional units (four were pre-Kallikratis prefectures), Karditsa, Larissa, Magnesia, the Sporades and Trikala, which are further subdivided into 25 municipalities.

The region's governor is, since 1 January 2011, Konstantinos Agorastos, who was elected in the November 2010 local administration elections for the New Democracy party.

Mythology[link]

In Homer's epic, the Odyssey, Odysseus visits the kingdom of Aeolus, and this is the old name for Thessaly.

The Plain of Thessaly, which lies between Mount Oeta/Othrys and Mount Olympus, is the site of the battle between the Titans and the Olympians.

According to legend, Jason and the Argonauts launched their search for the Golden Fleece from the Magnesia Peninsula.

See also[link]

• List of traditional Greek place names
• CERETETH, Center of Technology Thessaly

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website (in Greek)
• Bagnall, R., J. Drinkwater, A. Esmonde-Cleary, W. Harris, R. Knapp, S. Mitchell, S. Parker, C. Wells, J. Wilkes, R. Talbert, M. E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, B. Z. Lund, T. Elliott, S. Gillies. "Places: 991374 (Thessalia)". Pleiades. http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/991374. Retrieved March 8, 2012 3:22 pm. 

v t e Administrative division of the Thessaly Region Area: 14,037 km² • Population : 753,888 (2001) • Capital: Larissa Regional unit of Karditsa Argithea • Karditsa • Lake Plastiras • Mouzaki • Palamas • Sofades Regional unit of Larissa Agia • Elassona • Farsala • Kileler • Larissa • Tempi • Tyrnavos Regional unit of Magnesia Almyros • Rigas Feraios • South Pelion • Volos • Zagora-Mouresi Regional unit of the Sporades Alonnisos • Skiathos • Skopelos Regional unit of Trikala Farkadona • Kalampaka • Pyli • Trikala Regional governor: Konstantinos Agorastos • Website: http://www.pthes.gov.gr

v t e Administrative regions of Greece Attica • Central Greece • Central Macedonia • Crete • East Macedonia and Thrace • Epirus • Ionian Islands • North Aegean • Peloponnese • South Aegean • Thessaly • West Greece • West Macedonia

v t e Geographic departments of Greece Aegean Islands Central Greece Crete Epirus Ionian Islands Macedonia Peloponnese Thessaly Thrace

Tom Clancy
Tom Clancy (left) at Burns Library, Boston College
Born	(1947-04-12) April 12, 1947 (age 65) Baltimore County, Maryland, United States
Occupation	Novelist
Nationality	American
Period	1984–present
Genres	Techno-thriller, Crime fiction, nonfiction, Spy fiction

Thomas Leo "Tom" Clancy, Jr. (born April 12, 1947)^[1][2] is an American author, best known for his technically detailed espionage, military science, and techno thriller storylines set during and in the aftermath of the Cold War, along with video games on which he did not work, but which bear his name for licensing and promotional purposes. His name is also a brand for similar movie scripts written by ghost writers and many series of non-fiction books on military subjects and merged biographies of key leaders. He is Vice Chairman of Community Activities and Public Affairs, as well as a part-owner, of the MLB Baltimore Orioles.

Personal life[link]

Clancy was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended Loyola Blakefield in Towson, Maryland, graduating with the class of 1965. He then attended Loyola College in Baltimore, graduating in 1969.^[1] Before making his literary debut, he spent some time running an independent insurance agency. This agency thrived for a few years before joining a group of investors.

Clancy and his first wife Wanda married in 1969, separated briefly in 1995, and permanently separated in December 1996.^[3] Clancy filed for divorce in November 1997,^[4] which became final in January 1999.^[5]

In 1993, Tom Clancy joined a group of investors that included Peter Angelos and bought the Baltimore Orioles from Eli Jacobs. In 1998, he reached an agreement to purchase the Minnesota Vikings, but had to abandon the deal because of the divorce settlement cost.

On June 26, 1999, Clancy married freelance journalist Alexandra Marie Llewellyn, whom he had met in 1997.^[6] Llewellyn is the daughter of J. Bruce Llewellyn, and a family friend of Colin Powell, who originally introduced the couple to each other.^[7]

In 2008, the French video game manufacturer Ubisoft purchased the use of Clancy's name for an undisclosed sum. It has been used in conjunction with video games and related products such as movies and books.^[8]

Political views[link]

Tom Clancy has been a life-time supporter of right-wing, libertarian conservative, and Republican causes in America. A week after the September 11, 2001 attacks, on The O'Reilly Factor, Clancy stated that left-wing politicians in the United States were partly responsible for September 11 due to their "gutting" of the Central Intelligence Agency.^[7] Clancy has also associated himself with General Anthony Zinni, a critic of the George W. Bush administration, and has been critical of former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld as well.^[9]

His books bear dedications to conservative right-wing political figures, most notably Ronald Reagan. In his novels, countries portrayed as hostile to the United States include the former Soviet Union, North Korea, Syria, China, Iran, Palestine, Vietnam, Nicaragua, Cuba, Bolivia, Venezuela, India, and Japan. By contrast, countries such as Saudi Arabia, Russia, Colombia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Morocco, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, Jordan, Germany, South Korea, Israel, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom are shown as close allies of the United States.

On September 11, 2001, Clancy was interviewed by Judy Woodruff on CNN.^[10] During the interview, he observed that Islam does not condone suicide. Among other observations during this interview, Clancy cited discussions he had with military experts on the lack of planning to handle a hijacked plane being used in a suicide attack and criticized the news media's treatment of the United States Intelligence Community. Clancy appeared again on PBS's Charlie Rose, where he debated Senator and future Vice-Presidential candidate John Edwards.^[11]

Clancy has been a Life Member of the National Rifle Association since 1978.^[12]

Bibliography[link]

The Hunt for Red October, Patriot Games, Clear and Present Danger, and The Sum of All Fears have been turned into commercially successful films with actors Alec Baldwin, Ben Affleck, and Harrison Ford as Clancy's most famous fictional character Jack Ryan, while his second most famous character John Clark has been played by actors Willem Dafoe and Liev Schreiber. All but two of Clancy's solely-written novels feature Jack Ryan or John Clark.

The first NetForce novel was adapted as a television movie, starring Scott Bakula and Joanna Going. The first Op-Center novel was released to coincide with a 1995 NBC television mini-series of the same name (Tom Clancy's Op-Center) starring Harry Hamlin and a cast of stars. Though the mini-series did not continue, the book series did, but it had little in common with the first mini-series other than the title and the names of the main characters.

With the release of The Teeth of the Tiger, Clancy introduced Jack Ryan's son and two nephews as main characters; these characters continue in two of his latest novels, Dead or Alive and Locked On.

Clancy has written several nonfiction books about various branches of the U.S. armed forces (see non-fiction listing, below). Clancy has also branded several lines of books and video games with his name that are written by other authors, following premises or storylines generally in keeping with Clancy's works. These are sometimes referred to by fans as "apostrophe" books; Clancy did not initially acknowledge that these series were being authored by others, only thanking the actual authors in the headnotes for their "invaluable contribution to the manuscript".

By 1988, Clancy had earned $1.3 million for The Hunt for Red October and had signed a $3 million contract for his next three books.^[13] By 1997, it was reported that Penguin Putnam Inc. (part of Pearson Education) would pay Clancy $50 million for world rights to two new books, and another $25 million to Red Storm Entertainment for a four-year book/multimedia deal.^[14] Clancy followed this up with an agreement with Penguin's Berkley Books for 24 paperbacks to tie in with the ABC television miniseries Tom Clancy's Net Force aired in the fall/winter of 1998. The Op-Center universe has laid the ground for the series of books written by Jeff Rovin, which was in an agreement worth $22 million, bringing the total value of the package to $97 million.^[14]

By publication date[link]

The Hunt for Red October (1984)

Clancy's first published novel. CIA analyst Jack Ryan assists in the defection of a respected Soviet naval captain, along with the most advanced ballistic missile submarine of the Soviet fleet. The movie (1990) stars Alec Baldwin as Ryan and Sean Connery as Captain Ramius. Captain Mancuso is introduced here. Nearly every book after has Mancuso in ever increasing command of U.S. submarine forces.

Red Storm Rising (1986)

War between NATO and USSR. The basis of the combat game of the same name, this book is not a member of the Ryan story series (although the protagonist of the story has many similarities with Jack Ryan). He co-wrote it with Larry Bond.

Patriot Games (1987)

Patriot Games predates the first book that Clancy wrote, The Hunt for Red October, chronologically. Jack Ryan foils a disdain attack in London on the Prince and Princess of Wales by the "Ulster Liberation Army". The ULA then attacks Ryan's Maryland home while he is hosting the Prince and Princess for dinner. The movie stars Harrison Ford as Ryan and Samuel L. Jackson as Robby Jackson.

The Cardinal of the Kremlin (1988)

First appearance of John Clark and Sergey Golovko. Ryan leads a CIA operation which forces the head of the KGB to defect. Other elements include anti-satellite lasers and other SDI-type weapons, and the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Major Alan Gregory is introduced here. (He appears later, updating SAM software in The Bear and the Dragon). Colonel Bondarenko also is introduced here. (He appears in later books offering advice to Golovko in "Executive Orders" and commanding the Russian Army defenses against China in its sequel "The Bear and the Dragon".)

Clear and Present Danger (1989)

The President authorizes the CIA to use American military forces in a covert war against cocaine producers in Colombia. The operation is betrayed. Ryan meets John Clark as they lead a mission to rescue abandoned soldiers. Domingo "Ding" Chavez (Clark's protege in later novels) is one of the rescued soldiers. The 1994 film stars Harrison Ford as Ryan, Willem Dafoe as Clark and Raymond Cruz as Chavez.

The Sum of All Fears (1991)

Arab terrorists find a nuclear weapon that had been lost by Israel, and use it to attack the United States. This nearly triggers a war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, due to the incompetence of the new President and his mistress with an anti-Ryan agenda. Ryan intervenes to avert the war. The 2002 film stars Ben Affleck as Ryan and Liev Schreiber as Clark, and changes the identity and motivation of the terrorists to neo-Nazis.

Without Remorse (1993)

Without Remorse takes place during the Vietnam War, when Jack Ryan was a teenager. Ex-SEAL John Clark (then John Kelly) fights a one-man war against drug dealers in Baltimore, attracting the attention of Jack's father Emmett, a Baltimore police detective. He also helps plan and execute a raid on a prisoner-of-war camp in North Vietnam. Clark joins the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

Debt of Honor (1994)

A secret cabal of extreme nationalists gains control of Japan (having acquired some nuclear weapons), and start a war with the U.S. Ryan, now National Security Advisor, and Clark and Chavez, agents in Japan, help win the war. The Vice President resigns in a scandal, and the President appoints Ryan to replace him. A vengeful, die-hard Japanese airline pilot then crashes a jetliner into the U.S. Capitol during a joint session of Congress attended by most senior U.S. government officials, including the President. Ryan thus becomes the new President through succession.

Executive Orders (1996)

This is the immediate sequel to Debt of Honor. President Ryan survives press hazing, an assassination attempt, and a biological warfare attack on the United States. Clark and Chavez trace the virus to a Middle Eastern madman, and the U.S. military goes to work.

SSN: Strategies for Submarine Warfare (1996)

Follows the missions of USS Cheyenne in a future war with China precipitated by China's invasion of the disputed Spratly Islands. Also not a Ryan universe book, SSN is actually a loosely connected collection of "scenario" chapters in support of the eponymous video game.

Rainbow Six (1998)

Released to coincide with the video game of the same name. John Clark and Ding, who is now Clark's son-in-law, lead an elite multi-national anti-terrorist unit that combats a worldwide genocide attempt by eco-terrorists. Ryan is the U.S. President and only mentioned or referred to as either 'The President' or 'Jack'.

The Bear and the Dragon (2000)

War between Russia and China. Ryan recognizes the independence of Taiwan, Chinese police officers kill a Roman Catholic Cardinal, and the American armed forces help Russia defeat a Chinese invasion of Siberia.

Red Rabbit (2002)

In the early 1980s, CIA analyst Ryan aids in the defection of a Soviet officer who knows of a plan to assassinate Pope John Paul II.

The Teeth of the Tiger (2003)

Jack Ryan's son, Jack Ryan, Jr., becomes an intelligence analyst, and then a field consultant, for The Campus, an off-the-books intelligence agency with the freedom to discreetly assassinate individuals "who threaten national security", following the end of the Jack Ryan Sr. presidential administration. This book of the Jack Ryan series by Tom Clancy introduces Ryan's son and two nephews as heirs to his spook-legacy.

Dead or Alive (2010, with Grant Blackwood)

The story picks up where The Teeth of the Tiger left off with Jack Ryan, Jr. and The Campus trying to catch a terrorist known as "The Emir".

Against All Enemies (2011, with Peter Telep)

A terrorist bombing in Pakistan wipes out Max Moore’s entire CIA team. As the only survivor, the former Navy SEAL plunges deeper into the treacherous tribal lands to find the terrorist cell, but what he discovers there leads him to a much darker conspiracy in an unexpected part of the globe — the United States/Mexico border.

Locked On (Dec 2011, with Mark Greaney)

While Jack Ryan Jr. trains to become a field operative within The Campus, his father campaigns for re-election as President of the United States. A devout enemy of Jack Sr. launches a privately funded vendetta to discredit him, while a corrupt Pakistani general has entered into a deadly pact with a fanatical terrorist to procure nuclear warheads.

Search and Destroy (June 2012, with Peter Telep)

Novels not in a series[link]

• Red Storm Rising (1986)
• SSN (1996)
• Search and Destroy (2012)

Jack Ryan/John Clark universe chronology[link]

In the order in which they occur in the storyline (and when they occur):

• Without Remorse (1970)
• Patriot Games (1982, based on a reference to Ryan's age, which is 31 at the beginning of the novel. This roughly fits with a reference to the Princess of Wales's first child being a baby and a few months old, Prince William was born in 1982) Discrepancies include the reference to a van having a likely year of manufacture of 1984.
• Red Rabbit (circa spring of 1982, based on references to living Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Suslov, both of whom died in 1982, as well as Jack Ryan, Jr.'s age in the novel, 6 months) Discrepancies with the estimate of 1982 include frequent references to "Transformers" which did not appear until 1984 and the fact that the Orioles played the Phillies in the World Series in 1983, not to mention that the World Series is played in the Fall, not the Spring. Also a reference to "Coke Classic" which did not debut until the summer of 1985.
• The Hunt for Red October (1984)
• The Cardinal of the Kremlin (1986) – "The first chapter is set in January and states that Ryan is 35 years old. It also has references to the other books set earlier. For example the Foleys have been in Moscow for almost four years. The book must begin (not including prologue which was set end of previous year) in January 1986.

Starting with the following novel, the series becomes distinctly different from real history as noted below.

• Clear and Present Danger (1988) The book refers to Jack's age at 40.
• The Sum of All Fears (1990–1991) — Israel partially cedes sovereignty over Jerusalem to the Vatican and Saudi Arabia, and the city becomes a United Nations protectorate policed by Swiss Guards. Residents of Jerusalem can choose between either Vatican, Israeli or Islamic judicial law. Denver is devastated by a terrorist nuclear explosion. The book occurs after the Persian Gulf War and before the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It is implied that both events occur at the same time in the Ryan universe as in actual history (of the Soviet Union dissolution), 1991. In the earlier chapters it states that it had almost been two Novembers since President Fowler had been elected, making the beginning set in 1990.
• Debt of Honor (1995–1996) — The U.S. and Russia destroy all of their ballistic missiles. After crippling the U.S. economy and becoming a nuclear power, Japan invades and takes the Marianas Islands; the United States and Japan fight a brief war, which the Japanese lose (they are subsequently denuclearized); an embittered Japanese pilot and proponent of the war crashes a 747 into the United States Capitol Building immediately after Ryan's confirmation vote for the Vice President, killing most of the House and Senate, the President, all nine Supreme Court justices, the senior military establishment (including the JCS), and most of the Cabinet; Ryan is left in charge of a gutted government. The end of the book occurs eleven months before 1997 presidential inauguration. Of interest, but not crucial to the plot of this or further books is that North and South Korea were said to be unified at some point between The Sum of All Fears and this book.
• Executive Orders (1996) — Saddam Hussein is assassinated; Iran and Iraq merge forming the United Islamic Republic; the UIR launches a biological attack on the U.S. using the Ebola virus; the United States launches the Second Persian Gulf War against the UIR and defeats them; the Ayatollah is killed in a smart-bomb attack by the U.S.
• Rainbow Six (Takes place between Executive Orders and The Bear and the Dragon most likely 1998-1999 from a statement saying that it had been a year and a half since Jack became president and the date of the video game) (although events seem to be based on the Sydney Olympics held in 2000) RAINBOW — an elite counter-terrorist force — is created and engages terrorists across Europe. Ecoterrorists plan to create a genetically-enhanced virus based on Ebola and cancer cells, which they plan to use to wipe out much of the world's population.
• The Bear and the Dragon (2000) — Russia is admitted to NATO; China and Russia fight a major war, in which the U.S. intervenes on its NATO ally's side. It implies that the British Prime Minister is Tony Blair.
• The Teeth of the Tiger (2005, based on the age of Jack Ryan, Jr.) The U.S. is now engaged in a global war on terrorism, in response to the September 11 attacks, which occurred in the Ryan universe as they did in the real world. It is mentioned that the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq occurred in the Ryan universe continuity, and that the Jerusalem Treaty signed in The Sum of All Fears has failed as Israelis and Palestinians went back to fighting each other.
• Dead or Alive (2010, based on Jack Ryan's announcement that he would run against Ed Kealty for President "in the coming year") — The Umayyad Revolutionary Council (the Ryan universe version of Al-Qaeda) and its leader "The Emir" (based on Osama bin Laden) plan a string of major attacks on the U.S. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq continue, as in our timeline, and President Kealty is in the process of withdrawing U.S. troops from Iraq, a process that began in our timeline in 2009. A character also explicitly refers to the date as May 2010, in the process of decoding encrypted messages.
• Locked On (2011, based on Jack Ryan Sr.'s campaign for re-election).

Op-Center universe[link]

1. Op-Center
2. Mirror Image
3. Games of State (1996)
4. Acts of War
5. Balance of Power
6. State of Siege
7. Divide and Conquer
8. Line of Control
9. Mission of Honor
10. Sea of Fire
11. Call to Treason
12. War of Eagles

Net Force universe[link]

• Net Force (1998)
• Hidden Agendas
• Night Moves
• Breaking Point
• Point of Impact
• Cybernation
• State of War
• Changing of the Guard
• Springboard
• The Archimedes Effect (2006)

Net Force Explorers universe[link]

• Virtual Vandals
• The Deadliest Game
• One is the Loneliest Number
• The Ultimate Escape
• End Game
• Cyberspy
• The Great Race
• Shadow of Honor
• Private Lives
• Safe House
• GamePrey
• Duel Identity
• Deathworld
• High Wire
• Cold Case
• Runaways
• Cloak and Dagger
• Death Match

Power Plays series[link]

• Politika (novel, 1997)
  • Politika (video game) by Red Storm Entertainment
    • Politika (board game)
• ruthless.com (novel, 1998)
  • ruthless.com (video game, 1998) by Red Storm Entertainment
• Shadow Watch (novel, 1999) by Jerome Preisler
  • Shadow Watch (video game, 1999) by Red Storm Entertainment
• Bio-Strike (novel, 2000) by Jerome Preisler
• Cold War (novel, 2001) by Jerome Preisler
• Cutting Edge (novel, 2002) by Jerome Preisler
• Zero Hour (novel, 2003) by Jerome Preisler
• Wild Card (novel, 2004) by Jerome Preisler

Ghost Recon universe[link]

• Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon by Grant Blackwood as David Michaels
• Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Combat Ops by David Michaels

EndWar universe[link]

• Tom Clancy's EndWar by Grant Blackwood as David Michaels
• Tom Clancy's EndWar: The Hunted by Grant Blackwood as David Michaels

H.A.W.X universe[link]

• Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X by Grant Blackwood as David Michaels

Non-fiction[link]

Guided Tour

• Submarine: A Guided Tour Inside a Nuclear Warship (1993)
• Armored Cav: A Guided Tour of an Armored Cavalry Regiment (1994)
• Fighter Wing: A Guided Tour of an Air Force Combat Wing (1995)
• Marine: A Guided Tour of a Marine Expeditionary Unit (1996)
• Airborne: A Guided Tour of an Airborne Task Force (1997, ISBN 0-425-15770-9)
• Carrier: A Guided Tour of an Aircraft Carrier (1999)
• Special Forces: A Guided Tour of U.S. Army Special Forces (2001)

Study in Command

• Into the Storm – On the Ground in Iraq (with Fred Franks) (1997)
• Every Man a Tiger — the Gulf War Air Campaign (with Chuck Horner) (1999)
• Shadow Warriors — Inside the Special Forces (with Carl Stiner) (2002)
• Battle Ready (with Anthony Zinni) (2004)

Other

• The Tom Clancy Companion — Edited by Martin H. Greenberg — Writings by Clancy along with a concordance of all his fiction novels, detailing characters and military units or equipment.

Video games[link]

In 1996, Clancy co-founded the video game developer Red Storm Entertainment and ever since he has had his name on several of Red Storm's most successful games. Red Storm was later bought by publisher Ubisoft Entertainment, which continues to use the Clancy name. This game series includes:

• The Hunt for Red October (1987): Submarine simulation loosely based on the novel of the same name. Produced by Grandslam Entertainment for IBM PC, C64, and Amiga.
• Red Storm Rising (1988): Submarine sim loosely based on the novel of the same name. Produced by MicroProse for IBM PC, C64, and Amiga.
• The Hunt for Red October (1990): Submarine sim based on the movie of the same name. Produced by Grandslam Entertainment for Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, DOS, ZX Spectrum.
• The Hunt for Red October (1990): Submarine sim based on the movie of the same name. Produced for Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, and Super NES.
• SSN (1996): Submarine sim based on the novel of the same name. Produced by Simon & Schuster Interactive for IBM PC.
• ruthless.com (1998) by Red Storm Entertainment: Strategy game based loosely on the book of the same name.
• Shadow Watch (2000): Turn-based strategy based on the Power Play novel of the same name.^[15]
• The Sum of All Fears (2002): Tactical first-person shooter similar in style to Rainbow Six, but based on the Ghost Recon engine. The plot is based on the movie of the same name. Produced by Ubisoft for the IBM PC and Nintendo GameCube system.

• Rainbow Six series: Squad-based first-person shooters, based on the novel of the same name, typically taking place in closed urban environments. Tom Clancy has made 18 Rainbow six games.
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six (1998)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Eagle Watch (1999)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Rogue Spear (1999)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Urban Operations (2000)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Covert Operations Essentials (2000)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Take-Down – Missions in Korea (2001)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Black Thorn (2001)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Lone Wolf (2002)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield (2003)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Black Arrow (2004)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Athena Sword (2004)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Iron Wrath (2005)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Lockdown (2005)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Critical Hour (2006)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas (2006)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas 2 (2008)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Shadow Vanguard (2011)
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow 6: Patriots (2013)

• Ghost Recon series: Squad-based first-person shooters/third-person shooters. As opposed to the Rainbow Six games, Ghost Recon usually takes place in larger, outdoor environments.
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon (2001)
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Desert Siege (2003)
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Island Thunder (2003)
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Jungle Storm (2004)
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon 2 (2004)
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon 2: Summit Strike (2005)
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter (2006)
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter 2 (2007)
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Predator (2010)
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Wii (2010)
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Future Soldier (2012)^[16]
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Online (TBA)

• Splinter Cell series: Third person stealth games, lately spawned a line of books written by a series of different authors, all writing under the pseudonym David Michaels.
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell (2002)
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow (2004)
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory (2005)
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Essentials (2006)
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Double Agent (2006)
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Conviction (2010)
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Retribution (TBA)

• EndWar series: Franchise set in a speculative World War III, taking place in 2020.
  • Tom Clancy's EndWar (2008)
  • Tom Clancy's EndWar 2 (TBA)

• H.A.W.X series: Air combat.
  • Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X (2009)
  • Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X 2 (2010)

Board games[link]

• The Hunt for Red October (1988)

  Naval wargame published by TSR, Inc., based on the novel of the same name. It covered modern naval warfare between NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

• Red Storm Rising (1989)

  Ground warfare wargame published by TSR, Inc., based on the novel of the same name. It covered an attack on NATO forces in western Europe by the Warsaw Pact. It included rules for integration with The Hunt for Red October game of the year before. The publisher reused the system for Europe Aflame (1989), a strategic World War II game, and A Line in the Sand, a strategic game about the First Gulf War.

• Tom Clancy's Politika (1997)^[17]

Achievements and awards[link]

• Clancy is one of only three authors to have sold two million copies on a first printing in the 1990s (the other two being John Grisham and J.K. Rowling). Clancy's 1989 novel Clear and Present Danger sold 1,625,544 hardcover copies, making it the #1 bestselling novel of the 1980s.^[18]

• Clancy received an honorary doctorate in humane letters and delivered the commencement address at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1992, and has since worked a reference to the school into many of his main works.^[19]

• Clancy is an honorary Yeoman Warder of The Tower of London holding the title "Supernumerary Yeoman".^[20] On the television show Ace of Cakes his wife commissioned, for his 60th birthday, a special cake in the shape of the Tower of London in acknowledgment of his status. In the episode, Tom Clancy referred to the Beefeaters as, "Just a terrific bunch of guys".

• Clancy received the Alfred Thayer Mahan Award for Literary Achievement from the Navy League of the United States in 1990.

In popular culture[link]

The BBC Radio 4 sitcom Deep Trouble, set on a nuclear submarine, features a humorous version of Clancy as a recurring character. He is portrayed by Ben Willbond, co-writer of the series.^[21]

See also[link]

• Publishers Weekly lists of bestselling novels in the United States
• List of novelists by nationality

• John le Carré
• Stephen Coonts
• Charles Cumming
• Ian Fleming
• Frederick Forsyth
• James Clancy Phelan

References[link]

External links[link]

Find more about Tom Clancy on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
	Images and media from Commons
	Learning resources from Wikiversity
	News stories from Wikinews
	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource
	Textbooks from Wikibooks

• Official Tom Clancy Web Site
• Transcript of interview with Deborah Norville on the War in Iraq — April 2004
• Detailed Tom Clancy Book Reviews
• Tom Clancy FAQ
• Tom Clancy at the Internet Book Database of Fiction
• Tom Clancy at the Internet Movie Database
• The Page of Tom Clancy's Primary Publisher
• Booknotes interview with Clancy and Gen. Fred Franks on Into the Storm: A Study in Command, July 13, 1997.
• In Depth interview with Clancy, February 3, 2002

Literary reviews and criticism[link]

• "Something for the Boys" by Christopher Hitchens, The New York Review of Books, November 14, 1996. A review of Clancy's Marine: A Guided Tour of a Marine Expeditionary Unit.