J. B. Bury

John Bagnell Bury (16 October 1861 – 1 June 1927), known as J. B. Bury, was an Irish historian, classical scholar, Medieval Roman historian and philologist. He objected to the label "Byzantinist" explicitly in the preface to the 1889 edition of his Later Roman Empire.

Biography

Bury was born and raised in Clontibret, County Monaghan, where his father was Rector of the Anglican Church of Ireland. He was educated first by his parents and then at Foyle College in Derry and Trinity College in Dublin, where he graduated in 1882 and was made a fellow in 1885, at the age of 24. In 1893 he gained a chair in Modern History at Trinity College, which he held for nine years. In 1898 he was appointed Regius Professor of Greek, also at Trinity, a post he held simultaneously with his history professorship. In 1902 he became Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge University.

At Cambridge, Bury became mentor to the medievalist Sir Steven Runciman, who later commented that he had been Bury's "first, and only, student." At first the reclusive Bury tried to brush him off; then, when Runciman mentioned that he could read Russian, Bury gave him a stack of Bulgarian articles to edit, and so their relationship began. Bury was the author of the first truly authoritative biography of Saint Patrick (1905).

Bury

Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 2°17′53″W / 53.593°N 2.298°W / 53.593; -2.298

Bury (/ˈbɛri/, locally also /ˈbʊrɪ/) is a town in Greater Manchester, England, on the River Irwell, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Bolton, 5.9 miles (9.5 km) west-southwest of Rochdale, and 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north-northwest of Manchester. Bury is the largest settlement and administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury and in 2011 had a population of 55,856.

Historically part of Lancashire, Bury emerged in the Industrial Revolution as a mill town manufacturing textiles.

Bury is known for the open-air Bury Market and the local traditional dish, black pudding. The Manchester Metrolink tram system terminates in the town.

Bury resident Sir Robert Peel was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and founded the Metropolitan Police Service and Conservative Party. The Peel Memorial is outside Bury parish church and the Peel Monument stands on Holcombe Hill overlooking Ramsbottom.

History

Toponymy

The name Bury, (also earlier known as "Buri" and "Byri") comes from an Old English word, meaning "castle", "stronghold" or "fort", an early form of modern English borough.

Burh

A burh (Old English pronunciation: [ˈburx]) or burg was an Old English fortification or fortified settlement. In the 9th century, raids and invasions by Vikings prompted Alfred the Great to develop a network of burhs and roads to use against such attackers. Some were new constructions; others were situated at the site of Iron Age hillforts or Roman forts and employed materials from the original fortifications. As at Lundenburh (medieval London), many were also situated on rivers: this facilitated internal lines of supply while aiming to restrict access to the interior of the kingdom for attackers in shallow-draught vessels such as longships.

Burhs also had a secondary role as commercial and sometimes administrative centres. Their fortifications were used to protect England's various royal mints.

Name

Burh and burg were Old English developments of the Proto-Germanic word reconstructed as *burg-s, cognate with the verb *berg-an ("to shut in for protection"). They are cognate with German Burg and Scandinavian borg and, in English, developed variously as "borough", "burg", and (particularly in the East Anglian region of England and Scotland) "burgh".

Bury (UK electoral ward)

Bury is an electoral ward of Chichester District, West Sussex, England and returns one member to sit on Chichester District Council.

Councillor

Election results

References

External links

JB

JB or J.B. may refer to:

Entertainment

Sports

Justerini & Brooks

Justerini & Brooks is a fine wine business selling wines to merchants, restaurants, hotels and private clients. It is known for developing the J&B blended Scotch whisky. The company is owned by multinational Diageo plc.

Products

J&B Rare Blend, the standard J&B whisky brand, is a blend of forty-two Scottish malt and grain whiskies. Single malts Knockando, Auchroisk and Glen Spey are at its heart. In terms of flavour, its closest competitor is Cutty Sark.

Furthermore, J&B's portfolio includes:

It is aimed mainly for the export market and is available in a few different variants in Europe, America and Korea among other places. The company, originally called Johnson & Justerini, was founded in 1749 in the City of London delivering fine wine and spirits to various aristocratic households, as well as supplying King George III. In 1831, Johnson & Justerini was bought by Alfred Brooks and renamed Justerini & Brooks.

J.B. (play)

J.B. is a 1958 play written in free verse by American playwright and poet Archibald MacLeish and is a modern retelling of the story of the biblical figure Job — hence the title: J.B./Job. The play went through several incarnations before it was finally published. MacLeish began the work in 1953 as a one-act production but within three years had expanded it to a full three-act manuscript.

There are two versions of J.B. available: the original book, published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, and the script which MacLeish revised substantially for Broadway, published by Samuel French Inc.

Plot summary

The play opens in "a corner inside an enormous circus tent". Two vendors, Mr. Zuss (evoking the chief Greek god Zeus; zuss is also German for "sweet") and Nickles (i.e. "Old Nick," a folk name for the Devil) begin the play-within-a-play by assuming the roles of God and Satan, respectively. They overhear J.B., a wealthy New York banker, describe his prosperity as a just reward for his faithfulness to God. Scorning him, Nickles wagers that J.B. will curse God if his life is ruined. Nickles and Zuss then watch as J.B.'s children are killed and his property is ruined and the former millionaire is left to the streets. J.B. is then visited by three Comforters (representing History, Science, and Religion) who each offer a different explanation for his plight. J.B. declines to believe any of them, instead asking God himself to explain. Instead he encounters Zuss and Nickles. Nickles urges him to commit suicide in order to spite God; Zuss offers him his old life back if he will promise to obey God. J.B. rejects them both, and instead finds comfort in the person of his wife Sarah. The play ends with the two building a new life together.