Look up regency (government) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A regent, from the Latin regens, "[one] reigning", or regency council is a person or group of persons selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated.^[1] The period of rule of a regent or regents is referred to as a regency.

In a monarchy, a regent usually governs due to one of these reasons, but may also be elected to rule during the interregnum when the royal line has died out. This was the case in Finland and Hungary, where the royal line was considered extinct in the aftermath of World War I. In Iceland, the regent represented the King of Denmark as sovereign of Iceland until the country became a republic in 1944.

In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795), kings were elective, which often led to a fairly long interregnum. In the interim, it was the Lithuanian Roman Catholic Primate (the Archbishop of Vilnius) who served as the regent, termed the "interrex" (Latin: ruler "between kings" as in ancient Rome).

In the small republic of San Marino, the two Captains Regent, or Capitani Reggenti, are elected semi-annually (they serve a six-month term) as joint heads of state and of government.

Occasionally, the term regent refers to positions lower than the ruler of a country. In the Dutch republic of the United Provinces, the members of the ruling class, not formally hereditary but de facto patricians, were known collectively as regenten (the Dutch plural for regent). In the Dutch East Indies, a regent was a native prince allowed to rule de facto colonized 'state' as a regentschap (see that term). Consequently, in the successor state of Indonesia, the term regent is used in English to mean a bupati (local government official).

The term may be used in the governance of organisations. Some university managers in North America are called regents and a management board for a college or university may be titled the "Board of Regents". The term "regent" is also used for members of governing bodies of institutions, such as the national banks, in France and Belgium. Again in Belgium and France, (Régent in French, or in Dutch) Regent is the official title of a teacher in a lower secondary school (junior high school), who does not require a college degree but is trained in a specialized écôle normale (normal school). In the Philippines, specifically, the University of Santo Tomas, the Father Regent, who must be a Dominican priest and is often also a teacher, serves as the institution's spiritual head. They also form the Council of Regents that serves as the highest administrative council of the university.

Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Kedah.

See also[link]

• List of regents

Notes[link]

Christopher Bailey is a lecturer of English at the University of Brighton and is an occasional screenwriter for television.

He wrote the script for the Doctor Who serial Kinda in 1982. This script drew heavily on his own Buddhist faith and incorporated classic Buddhist terms such as dukkha, panna, karuna, devaloka and Mara — indeed, "the Mara" was the name of the villain of the piece.

The strength of his script led to Bailey writing a second story for Doctor Who in 1983. This serial, Snakedance, was a sequel to Kinda. New script editor Eric Saward requested that Bailey devise another story idea, but neither the submitted outline for May Time (later renamed Manwatch) for the show's twenty first season, nor the revised version of the submission for the twenty second, retitled The Children of Seth, were taken further. As a result, the two Mara scripts were Bailey's final broadcast work for both Doctor Who and television in general and he returned to a career in academia. The Children of Seth has since been adapted for audio by Big Finish.

External links[link]

• Christopher Bailey at the Internet Movie Database

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2008)

Add N to (X) were a three-piece British band specializing in electronic music performed on analogue synthesizers, formed in London in 1994.

The original band members were Andrew Aveling, Barry Smith (aka Barry 7) and Ann Shenton. Steven Claydon replaced Aveling in 1997.

After several releases on small labels, they turned down offers from major labels and signed to large independent label Mute Records in 1998, and achieved a modest commercial success before splitting in 2003.

Several of their songs and video clips have been adult/sex-related; the video for "Metal Fingers in My Body" is an animated short featuring a woman having sex with a robot, and their video for "Plug Me In" is famous for featuring porn actresses playing with sex toys.

Biography[link]

In 1994 Andrew Aveling met Justin Anderson from Freaky Realistic^{[citation needed]} and together they started a band named Radix Couplment^{[citation needed]}. Andrew was dating Ann Shenton at this time^{[citation needed]} and got her involved on the project^{[citation needed]}. Andrew then asked his friend Barry (Former Radio Prague DJ Smith)^[1] if he too would be interested in joining^{[citation needed]}. They then spent some time gigging under this name before a fall out which led to Justin's departure from the band. There being only three remaining Andrew then renamed the group Add N to X^{[citation needed]}. They released Vero Electronics (1996) on the Blow Up label, and after did many other recordings for the next album.

They kept the name but placed brackets around the X due to legal reasons. They then enlisted Steven Claydon who remained with the group until its dissolution.

1997 saw the band twice awarded Single of the Week by the NME (for The Black Regent and King Wasp).^[1]

Second album On the Wires of Our Nerves was released in 1998, and was described as "like Stereolab/Suicide with a rocket shoved up their rectum".^[1] The album was played heavily by BBC Radio 1 DJ Mary Anne Hobbs on her show, The Breezeblock.^[1]

The group performed live regularly, often augmenting their core three-piece line up with either one or two acoustic drummers, and sometimes additional musicians playing extra synths and/or electric guitar.

They often utilized distinctive artwork for the videos and record sleeves, a fetishistic collage of sexual imagery with analogue electronic equipment, based in part on the movie and book Demon Seed

The band signed to Mute Records and released three more albums, Avant Hard, Add Insult to Injury, and Loud Like Nature. They also released the single Little Black Rocks In The Sun, which was issued on 10 inch hexagonal vinyl. Shenton was reportedly overwhelmed by the pressures of the Loud Like Nature tour, and either left the group or was fired.^{[citation needed]} In 2003 Smith and Claydon continued touring the United States without Shenton. The band broke up shortly thereafter. Barry Smith runs the Horseglue Records store and label with his partner Ethan Reid. Ann Shenton has formed a new group, Large Number. and record label White Label Music. Steven Claydon is now known for his artwork and in 2006 was included in a group show at Tate Modern.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Vero Electronics (January 1996) Blow Up
• On the Wires of Our Nerves (February 1998) Satellite
• Avant Hard (April 1999) Mute
• Add Insult to Injury (October 2000) Mute
• Loud Like Nature (October 2002) Mute

Singles[link]

References[link]

Notes[link]

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2011)

• http://www.phinnweb.org/5HT/interviews/largenumber/
• http://www.connexionbizarre.net/all-numbers-great-andsmall-an-interview-with-ann-shenton
• http://www.kindamuzik.net/q_and_a/article.shtml?id=350
• http://www.sabotagetimes.com/music/ann-shenton-from-add-n-to-x-interviewed-on-stage-it-was-like-warfare/

External links[link]

• Official page Official website