- published: 18 Oct 2011
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- author: ultimatemarveldc
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Atlanta, Georgia
Atlanta (
/ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
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Australia
Australia ( /əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
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Detroit
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa) is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses ‒ that of the North and South Islands ‒ as well as numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of both animal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth's surface.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Washington D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a federal district to become the national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution. The District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state. It was formed from land along the Potomac River donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
A new capital city named after George Washington was founded in 1791 to the east of the preexisting port of Georgetown. Congress consolidated the City of Washington, Georgetown, and the remaining unincorporated area within the District under a single municipal government in 1871. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, located on the country's Pacific coast.
Washington, D.C., had an estimated population of 617,996 in 2011. The city was the 24th most populous place in the United States as of 2010. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's population to over one million during the workweek. The Washington Metropolitan Area, of which the District is a part, has a population of nearly 5.6 million, the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the country.
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AOL
AOL Inc. (NYSE: AOL, previously known as America Online, written as "AOL" and stylized as "Aol." but commonly pronounced as an initialism) is an American global Internet services and media company. AOL is headquartered at 770 Broadway in New York. Founded in 1983 as Control Video Corporation, it has franchised its services to companies in several nations around the world or set up international versions of its services. AOL is headquartered in New York City, but has many offices throughout cities in North America, such as Atlanta, Baltimore, Beverly Hills, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Dulles, Mountain View, Orlando, San Francisco, and Toronto. London and Tokyo are its foreign offices. As of December 2011, it serves 3.3 million paid subscribers.[citation needed]
AOL is best known for its online software suite, also called AOL, that allowed customers to access the world's largest "walled garden" online community and eventually reach out to the Internet as a whole. At its prime, AOL's membership was over 30 million members worldwide, most of whom accessed the AOL service through the AOL software suite. The company has claimed that it had 34 million subscribers at its peak, although an undisclosed portion were using free hours.
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Assy McGee
Assy McGee is an animated sitcom featuring police detective Assy McGee, a parody of tough-guy cop shows and movies, who is literally a walking pair of buttocks. Along with his partner Don Sanchez (modeled after Luis Guzmán), the trigger-happy McGee solves crimes in a fictionalized Exeter, New Hampshire. Larry Murphy voices all of the main characters. The series premiered on November 26, 2006, on Adult Swim. The show was canceled after season two ended on July 6, 2008.
The series revolves around the antics of Assy McGee, an ultra-violent and emotionally disturbed police detective who just happens to have no upper torso, head, or arms. With the help of his partner Sanchez (often against the wishes of his superior officers), Assy patrols the streets of Exeter, New Hampshire although it bears a stronger resemblance to a larger city such as New York City or Chicago. Cases usually involve outlandish or exaggerated crimes, usually shown in the opening scene. Assy will then be delegated with the investigation of the crimes, typically doing so by immersing himself into matters that seemingly serve little or no relevance to the crime at hand, until at the end of the episode it is revealed that the random innocent bystander Assy violently accosted was the culprit all along, or another wanted criminal. Assy is almost always opposed by his chief until his actions are validated in the end. This leads the Chief to inquire as to how Assy could possibly know this person was the responsible culprit, Assy usually affirming that he knew, but without any evidence to support the claim.
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Craig McCracken
Craig McCracken (born March 31, 1971) is an American cartoonist.
After his father died when he was 7 years old, he and his family went to Whittier, California. Upon Craig involved in drawing at an early age and graduated high school, he attended the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), where he honed his animation skills and met his classmate Genndy Tartakovsky, with whom he would occasionally collaborate throughout his career. During his freshman year, he created a series of short cartoons featuring a character named No Neck Joe, which were picked up by Spike and Mike's Sick and Twisted Festival of Animation. While at CalArts, he also created a short entitled Whoopass Stew!, which would become the basis for The Powerpuff Girls. In 1993, Craig was tapped by Hanna-Barbera Cartoons to work as art director on 2 Stupid Dogs, as well as Tartakovsky's Dexter's Laboratory, both of which aired primarily on Cartoon Network in the United States. He began producing The Powerpuff Girls, which premiered as a short in 1995 on studio president Fred Seibert's animation incubator What a Cartoon!, and full half-hour episodes in 1998. The show has won both Emmy and Annie awards. In 2004, Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends began airing on Cartoon Network. This series also won Emmy and Annie awards. In April 2008, he became executive producer of a new Cartoon Network showcase project called Cartoonstitute, but after 15 years of employment, he left Cartoon Network when its focus switched to reality program. McCracken married Lauren Faust, while working on The Powerpuff Girls and Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends. Faust is the creator and former executive producer of "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic". After leaving Cartoon Network he developed a live action/animation project at Sony Pictures Animation and, as of 2012, is currently developing "Wander Over Yonder" for Disney Television Animation.
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Fred Seibert
Frederick "Fred" Seibert (born September 15, 1951, in Manhattan, New York) is a television and film producer and entertainment entrepreneur who owns Frederator Studios, and who has held leading positions with MTV Networks, Hanna-Barbera, and Next New Networks. Working in media innovation for thirty years (his official biography says he's had "five lives,") he has directed breakthroughs in cable television, animation, and the internet.
Seibert was MTV's first creative director and guided its original voice and visual identity, creating hundreds of promotions, advertisements, and station IDs for the channel, and responsible for a rethinking of how television channels promoted themselves as "brands." He also commissioned and approved the mutating MTV logo, despite network executives objections to a logo that did not remain constant. He led the team that developed one of the most famous advertising campaigns of the late 20th century, "I Want My MTV!"
In 1985, with partner Alan Goodman at Fred/Alan Inc., Seibert successfully overhauled the then-floundering children's cable channel Nickelodeon, moving it from worst to first in the ratings in six months; and conceived and executed the Nick-at-Nite concept. Fred/Alan became the first branding company in television, working closely with Showtime, The Movie Channel, VH-1, Lifetime, TV Heaven 41, Playboy, and Comedy Central. They are also credited with inventing the television marathon.
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Freddy Adu
Fredua Koranteng "Freddy" Adu (born June 2, 1989) is a Ghanaian-born American soccer player who currently plays for Philadelphia Union in Major League Soccer. He plays primarily as an attacking midfielder, but he is also used as a winger or forward.
At the age of 14, he became one of the youngest athletes to sign a professional contract in the United States, after he was selected by D.C. United in the 2004 MLS SuperDraft. On April 3, 2004, he became the youngest player to appear in a Major League Soccer (MLS) game when he came on as a substitute in a game against the San Jose Earthquakes. Two weeks later, on April 17, he became the youngest scorer in MLS history, scoring a goal in a 3–2 loss to the MetroStars.
Freddy Adu was considered a promisse for United States soccer, granting a large amount of hype towarding him and even been called the "next Pele". Despite his great actuations in youth U.S. team, he failed to demostrate enough skills to play in English Premier League and wasn't called by U.S. Soccer for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
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Harman and Ising
Hugh Harman (August 31, 1903 – November 25, 1982) and Rudolf "Rudy" Ising (August 7, 1903 – July 18, 1992) were an American animation team best known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios. They are particularly celebrated for their 1939 antiwar MGM cartoon Peace on Earth and won an Oscar for the MGM cartoon The Milky Way in 1940.
Harman and Ising first worked in animation in the early 1920s at Walt Disney's studio in Kansas City. When Disney moved operations to California, Harman, Ising, and fellow animator Carmen Maxwell stayed behind to try to start their own studio. Their plans went nowhere, however, and the men soon rejoined Disney to work on his Alice Comedies and Oswald the Lucky Rabbit films. It was during this time, that Harman and Ising developed a style of cartoon drawing that would later be closely associated with, and credited to, Disney.
When producer Charles Mintz ended his association with Disney, Harman and Ising went to work for Mintz, whose brother-in-law, George Winkler, set up a new animation studio to make the Oswald cartoons. The Oswald cartoons which Harman and Ising produced in 1928 and 1929 already show their distinctive style, which would later characterize their work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoon series for Warner Bros. For example, in Sick Cylinders (1929) there are sequences which were later remade very closely in such Harman and Ising Warner Bros. efforts as Sinkin' in the Bathtub (1930) and Bosko's Holiday (1931). The Oswald cartoons that Harman and Ising worked on are completely different from the Oswald cartoons made before and after Disney and can easily be distinguished by anyone familiar with their work. Late in 1929, Universal Pictures who owned the rights to Oswald, started its own animation studio headed by Walter Lantz, replacing Mintz and forcing Harman and Ising out of work.
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Johnny Bravo
Johnny Bravo is an American animated television series created by Van Partible for Cartoon Network. The series stars a muscular beefcake young man named Johnny Bravo who dons a pompadour hairstyle and an Elvis Presley-like voice and has a forward, woman-chasing personality. Plots typically revolve around him trying to get a woman that he has targeted throughout the episode to fall in love with him. He is often beaten up or stunned by his target or companions, or is ditched by them in the end.
The series was originally part of a series of shorts on Cartoon Network's animation showcase series World Premiere Toons (also known as the The What a Cartoon! Show.) The popularity of the shorts led to the network commissioning a full series for the show, which premiered on July 14, 1997. The series was renewed for multiple following seasons and finally ended its official run on August 27, 2004.
The series was the second series to be spun from World Premiere Toons, and is the second series under Cartoon Cartoons (a collective name for early Cartoon Network original series). A spin-off of the series, JBVO, was unsuccessful and ran for one season. Many of the writers and directors on the series went on to become famous for their own projects (writer Seth MacFarlane for Family Guy and writer/director Butch Hartman for The Fairly OddParents). Johnny Bravo is today considered a classic Cartoon Network series, the title character is labeled as "iconic", and his catchphrases (including "Oohh, Mama!") are relatively common in popular culture. Reruns of the show are played on Boomerang.
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Linda Simensky
Linda Simensky is a production manager of various works of animation. Simensky served as an executive for Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network.
Simensky graduated from University of Pennsylvania in 1985.
Simensky received the June Foray Award in 2000.
On October 28, 2003 Public Broadcasting Service appointed Simensky the position of senior director of children's programming.
Simensky said that many male creators of cartoons find difficulty in creating female "strong, positive role models" with "substance." She asked the creators of Rocko's Modern Life, one of the series which she produced, about why the women in the series were drawn to be "top-heavy", the creators told her that they believed that drawing women "the traditional way" was easier. Simensky described the creators as "talented guys" who formed "a boy's club" and added that "we pushed them to be funny, but a lot of their women are stereotypical."
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Rob Renzetti
Robert "Rob" Renzetti is an American animator and director who created the animated television series My Life as a Teenage Robot and is currently story editor on the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic.
Renzetti was an art history major at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana. After graduating from Illinois, Renzetti attended the animation program at Columbia College Chicago for one year, where he was a classmate of Genndy Tartakovsky. Renzetti and Tartakovsky were then each accepted into the California Institute of the Arts, where they were roommates.
After graduating from the California Institute of the Arts, Renzetti began his animating career in Spain, working on 5 episodes for Batman: The Animated Series.
Renzetti has been writer, director, and storyboard artist for several Cartoon Network shows, including Dexter's Laboratory, The Powerpuff Girls, Samurai Jack, Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends and 2 Stupid Dogs. During the mid-1990s, he created Mina and the Count, a series of animated shorts that premiered on the What-a-Cartoon show then later aired for a short time on the similar anthology series Oh Yeah! Cartoons. In 1999, he made the short My Neighbor Was a Teenage Robot, which also debuted on Oh Yeah! Cartoons; in 2003, My Life as a Teenage Robot, based on the short, debuted on Nickelodeon. In April 2008, he started work on Cartoon Network's "Cartoonstitute" project as supervising producer.
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Shaquille O'Neal
Shaquille Rashaun O'Neal ( /ʃəˈkiːl/ shə-KEEL; born March 6, 1972), nicknamed "Shaq" ( /ˈʃæk/ SHAK), is a retired American basketball player and current analyst on the television program Inside the NBA. Standing 7 ft 1 in (2.16 m) tall and weighing 325 pounds (147 kg), he was one of the heaviest players ever to play in the NBA. Throughout his 19-year career, O'Neal used his size and strength to overpower opponents for points and rebounds.
Following his career at Louisiana State University, O'Neal was drafted by the Orlando Magic with the first overall pick in the 1992 NBA Draft. He quickly became one of the top centers in the league, winning Rookie of the Year in 1992–93 and later leading his team to the 1995 NBA Finals. After four years with the Magic, O'Neal signed as a free agent with the Los Angeles Lakers. He won three consecutive championships in 2000, 2001, and 2002. Amid tension between O'Neal and Kobe Bryant, O'Neal was traded to the Miami Heat in 2004, and his fourth NBA championship followed in 2006. Midway through the 2007–2008 season he was traded to the Phoenix Suns. After a season-and-a-half with the Suns, O'Neal was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2009–10 season. O'Neal played for the Boston Celtics in the 2010–11 season before retiring.
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Squirrel Boy
Squirrel Boy is an American animated television series produced by Cartoon Network Studios. The series, created and executive-produced by Everett Peck, who was also the creator of the more adult-humored Duckman, ran from May 27, 2006 until September 27, 2007 on Cartoon Network. It also aired on Cartoon Network Australia in Australia and Teletoon in Canada and also in some parts of Africa
The series has absolutely no DVD release, and is only available on iTunes.
Squirrel Boy focuses on the life of an odd boy named Andy Johnson (named after the former United States President, Andrew Johnson) who lives with his pet squirrel, Rodney, who is often full of ideas (some of them used to make money). Rodney is disliked by Andy's father, but the two sometimes work together when they need to. Many of the animal characters in the series are anthropomorphic (except for "Crazy Dog", a neighboring pet dog who constantly barks for no reason, and despite the fact that Crazy Dog isn't anthropomorphic, his identical twin brother is). Andy and Rodney are enemies with a boy named Kyle and his anthropomorphic parrot, Salty Mike, who constantly pick on Andy and Rodney and act as bullies towards them, and are also cynical to other characters in the show. Other squirrel characters in the show include Leon, a stray blue squirrel who lives in a tree in Andy's yard, and Darlene, a stray squirrel and Rodney's love interest. The series most likely takes place in the summertime, seeing as none of the child characters in the show attend school and don't appear to be homeschooled.
wn.com/Squirrel_Boy -
Ted Turner
Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (born November 19, 1938) is an American media mogul and philanthropist. As a businessman, he is known as founder of the cable news network CNN, the first dedicated 24-hour cable news channel. In addition, he founded WTBS, which pioneered the superstation concept in cable television. As a philanthropist, he is known for his $1 billion gift to support UN causes, which created the United Nations Foundation, a public charity to broaden support for the UN. Turner serves as Chairman of the United Nations Foundation board of directors.
Turner's media empire began with his father's billboard business, which he took over at 24 after his father's suicide. The business, Turner Outdoor Advertising, was worth $1 million when Turner took it over in 1963. Purchase of an Atlanta UHF station in 1970 began the Turner Broadcasting System. Cable News Network revolutionized news media, covering the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986 and the Persian Gulf War in 1991. Turner turned the Atlanta Braves baseball team into a nationally popular franchise and launched the charitable Goodwill Games. He helped reinvent interest in professional wrestling when he owned one of the most popular wrestling companies of the middle to late 1990s known as World Championship Wrestling (WCW). The Monday night show that it put on was the highest rated on cable and helped boost Turner's channels of TNT and WTBS.
wn.com/Ted_Turner -
The Flintstones
The Flintstones is an animated, prime-time American television sitcom that was broadcast from September 30, 1960 to April 1, 1966, on ABC. The original pilot episode clip however was called the "Flagstones" (which first appeared in 1959 as a 90 second promotion to draw advertisers to the show) and was later reincorporated into the show's 1st episode (3rd episode in original airdate order). The show's name was changed to "The Flintstones" shortly thereafter. The show was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, The Flintstones was about a working class Stone Age man's life with his family and his next-door neighbor and best friend.
The show's continuing popularity rested heavily on its juxtaposition of modern everyday concerns in the Stone Age setting.
The show is set in the Stone Age town of Bedrock. (In some of the earlier episodes, it was also referred to as "Rockville"). In this fantasy version of the past, dinosaurs, saber-toothed tigers, woolly mammoths, and other long-extinct animals co-exist with cavemen. Like their mid-20th century peers, these cavemen listen to records, live in split-level homes, and eat out at restaurants, yet their technology is made entirely from pre-industrial materials and largely powered through the use of various animals. For example, the cars are made out of stone, wood, and animal skins, and powered by the passengers' feet (as in the theme song, "Through the courtesy of Fred's two feet").
wn.com/The_Flintstones -
Time Squad
Time Squad is an American animated television series created in 2001 by David Wasson, following the adventures of a trio of hapless "time cops", who travel back in time attempting to correct the course of history.
The show is set in the year 100,000,000 AD, on a satellite which orbits Earth. This future Earth is never visited directly, though it is referred in dialogue as a peaceful utopia where there are no longer any problems to solve. All nations of the world have merged into one, and, according to Tuddrussel, there are "no wars, no pollution, and bacon is good for your heart."
Despite this cheerful vision of the future, the space station on which the characters live and from which they travel to the past is remarkably dystopic. It features a shooting range, a terrarium, and a prison for repeat offenders, but it is dank, outdated (for the time) and unclean. Mostly this seems to be down to Officer Buck Tuddrussel, a scruffy and immature perennial bachelor, who nevertheless happens to be the station's most senior officer. There were also several accidents aboard the Time Squad Space Station; most notable of which is the terrarium being broken after Tuddrussel plays golf and breaks the glass shell of the station. This action seems to have no consequences in future episodes.
wn.com/Time_Squad -
Tony Hawk
Anthony Frank "Tony" Hawk (born May 12, 1968), nicknamed "The Birdman" is an American professional skateboarder and actor. Hawk gained significant fame for completing the first 900 as well as his licensed video game titles distributed by Activision. He is widely considered one of the most successful and influential pioneers of modern vertical skateboarding.
Raised in San Diego, California, Hawk was described as being "hyperactive" as a child. His parents supported his skateboarding because it served as an outlet for his excessive energy, and as Hawk's skills developed, he became a professional skateboarder at age fourteen. In 1999, he became the first skater to land a 900. In 2002, he created the Boom Boom HuckJam, an extreme sports exhibition and tour which launched in Las Vegas.
Throughout his career, Hawk has made numerous appearances in films and other media, as well as his own series of video games. He has also been involved in various philanthropic activities including his own Tony Hawk Foundation which helps build skateparks in underprivileged areas, and also including collaborations with other athletes in the charity Athletes for Hope.
wn.com/Tony_Hawk -
Walter Lantz
Walter Benjamin Lantz (April 27, 1899 – March 22, 1994) was an American cartoonist, animator, film producer, and director, best known for founding Walter Lantz Productions and creating Woody Woodpecker.
Lantz was born in New Rochelle, New York to Italian immigrant parents, Francesco Paolo Lantz (formerly Lanza) and Maria Gervasi from Calitri. According to Joe Adamson's biography, The Walter Lantz Story, Lantz's father was given his new surname by an immigration official who Anglicized it. Walter Lantz was always interested in art, completing a mail order drawing class at age twelve. He saw his first animation when he watched Winsor McCay's cartoon short, Gertie the Dinosaur.
While working as an auto mechanic Lantz got his first break. A wealthy customer named Fred Kafka liked his drawings on the garage's bulletin board and financed Lantz's studies at the Art Students League. Kafka also helped him get a job as a copy boy at the New York American, owned by William Randolph Hearst. Lantz worked at the newspaper and attended art school at night.
wn.com/Walter_Lantz
karaoke
Ooh ahh push em high
Now i was just walking through cartoon land
When all of a sudden i ran into sponge bob square pants
He was chilling with the power puff girls and spiderman
Driving down sesame street with scooby doo in a mini van
He was rocking to the beat driving as fast as they can
They almost ran over ren and stimpy and he man
I yelled at them slow down but they didn't understand
They said they heading over to a free hip hop jam
Over in the park let me catch a ride then
I got in picked up bart simpson kept driving
Got to the spot and the party was live and
At the open mic contest bevis and butthead was rhyming
I was like them kids is wack give me just a try and
Waited patiently till it was just my time and
I told the crowd make noise get ya hands high and
This is what i said when i grabbed on the mic i told em...
Said to the crowd "my name's KJ-52"
And i came to get down i got something to say to you
Understand what i mean even if you're a cartoon
Jesus reigns supreme that's how my team comes through
And then all of a sudden these wannabe hard dudes
From south park walk up just talking smack too
And the smurfs backed them up i guess they was just a crew
And said let's battle fool i said check it out duke
Your five inch tall plus ya crew is all blue
I'd probably step on ya'll if i just bettled you
They said la la la la....
That's all you ever say dude
Just right then just the crowd started to boo
Them right off the stage but i knew just what to do
I told d.j. voltron just on the ones and two's
Man kick the beat check it out this is how im rocking your
Well the crowd started cheering the party was slamming
The thundercats and pokemon they was break dancing
The transformers hopped in and started pop locking
With g.i. joe and johnny bravo chilling and just watching
I just stayed on the mic and kept the speakers knocking
Letting them know that christ was the reason that i'm dropping
I could go on all night and jsut keep on talking
But just right then power rangers started walking
Up on the stage and said i won the open mic and
As i reached to get my trophy and just claim my prize and
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- CREDIT
- OPENING
- ROUND 1, 4, 7
- ROUND CLEAR
- ROUND 2, 6
- ROUND 3, 5, 8
- ENDING
- RANKING
- GAME OVER
- NOT USE
- TITLE
- CREDIT
- START
- STAGE 1
- BOSS
- STAGE CLEAR
- STAGE 2
- STAGE 3
- STAGE 4
- STAGE 5
- STAGE 6
- STAGE 7
- ENDING
- NAME ENTRY
- GAME OVER
- CREDIT
- THE BATTLE
- 荒野
- BATTLE FIELD
- シーフのテーマ
- 古地図
- TURTLE VILLAGE 1
- 亡者の道
- TURTLE VILLAGE 2
- 宿敵！デスアダー
- 終決
- す・た・こ・ら、さっさ！
- 戦斧マーチ
- GAME OVER
- アドバタイズ （未使用）
- CREDIT
- 「よっしゃ! いけーぇぃ!」のうた (BGM1-1)
- 「ふぅ…いった いった!」のうた (STAGE CLEAR)
- 「よっしゃ! いけーぇぃ!」のうた (BGM1-2)
- 「よっしゃ! いけーぇぃ!」のうた (BGM1-3)
- 「よっしゃ! いけーぇぃ!」のうた (BGM1-4)
- 「よっしゃ! いけーぇぃ!」のうた (BGM1-5)
- 「もう わやや!」のうた (BGM 2)
- 「あーぁ おわった…まぁ えーか…」のうた (GAME OVER)
- 「くそ!…もっぺんや!…」のうた (NAME ENTRY)
- Chaos Code （オープニングムービー）
- Elegy of Fight （ハウ トゥ プレイ）
- Blazing Beats （キャラクター セレクト）
- Rumble-the begin （VS デモ）
- No Forgiveness （ヴェイン ステージ）
- Starting Point （カトリーヌ ステージ）
- Toward the Sun （美島ルイ ステージ）
- Challenge （チャレンジャー乱入）
- Unite The Night （ケット＆シー ステージ）
- Dark Journey （篝ステージ）
- Paramet （サーベラス・ブラック ステージ）
- Appearance of Rival （スペシャルチャレンジャー乱入）
- Are you ready for this？ （スペシャルチャレンジャー デモ）
- Bit Stock （エルメス・ジェラルディーニ ステージ）
- Step To Me （ブラボー・ペペロンチーニ ステージ）
- Sonata For Celia （セリア ステージ）
- Rumble （緒田樹光 ステージ）
- Eleganza （クティーラ ステージ）
- Reflections Of Eternity （セリアII デモ）
- Cut N Run （セリアII ステージ）
- Rage Of Ages （クドゥラック デモ）
- Mystagia （クドゥラック ステージ）
- Selected （美島ルイ エンディング1）
- Silent Standoff （篝 エンディング1）
- Turbo Trigger （篝 エンディング2）
- High Life （エルメス・ジェラルディーニ エンディング）
- Champions Forever （サーベラス・ブラック/美島ルイ エンディング）
- No Obstacle （ヴェイン エンディング1）
- Heartbeats （ヴェイン エンディング2）
- Ready For Anything （カトリーヌ /クティーラ エンディング）
- Open Flame （ブラボー・ペペロンチーニ エンディング）
- Open Flame （Reprise） （サーベラス・ブラック エンディング）
- Whispered Truths （ケット＆シー エンディング）
- Revelations （緒田樹光 エンディング）
- Done And Dusted （セリア/ケット＆シー エンディング）
- Once Again （コンティニュー）
- CREDIT
- SELECT LEVEL
- PLAY BALL
- PENANT RACE
- HOME RUN 1
- ADD SCORE 1
- CHANGE
- JAPAN SERIES
- HOME RUN 2
- ADD SCORE 2
- WORLD SERIES
- WIN
- NEXT GAME
- GAME OVER
- NAME ENTRY
- NAME ENTRY (STEREO Ver.)
- PENANT RACE
- JAPAN SERIES
- DREAM GAME
- CREDIT
- TITLE 1
- LEVEL SELECT
- ANNOUNCE
- CONGRATULATIONS
- NAME ENTRY
- RANKING
- TITLE 2 ※未使用
- CREDIT ～ MISSION START
- BGM 1 (Mission 1-1, 2-3, 4-1, 5-2)
- STAGE CLEAR
- BGM 2 (Mission 1-2, 3-1, 4-2, 5-3)
- BOSS 1
- MISSION CLEAR
- BONUS STAGE
- BGM 3 (Mission 2-1, 3-2, 4-3)
- BGM 4 (Mission 2-2, 3-3, 5-1)
- BOSS 2
- ENDING (GAME OVER)
- BOSS 1 (STEREO Ver.)
- BOSS 2 (STEREO Ver.)
- ENDING (GAME OVER) (STEREO Ver.)
- CREDIT
- STAGE 1, 4
- BOSS
- STAGE CLEAR
- STAGE 2, 6
- STAGE 3, 5
- NAME ENTRY
- NAME ENTRY (STEREO Ver.)
- ADVERTISE ～ CREDIT
- INSTRUCTION
- TEAM SELECT
- BALANCED BGM
- DIS-ADVANTAGE SIDE BGM
- ADVANTAGE SIDE BGM
- MATCH POINT BGM
- RESULT
- GAME SET (VS MODE)
- GAME OVER
- RANKING
- Team Select
- Offense
- Change (Offense)
- Runner
- Defense
- Home Run
- Change (Defense)
- Game Over
- Name Entry
- CREDIT
- START ~ OPA-OPA! [RD.1]
- SHOP [SHOP A]
- BOSS [RD.1 ~ 7 BOSS]
- DEFEAT ~ ROUND UP [ROUND CLEAR]
- KEEP ON THE BEAT [RD.2]
- SAARI [RD.3]
- PROME [RD.4]
- HOT SNOW [RD.5]
- HOT SNOW [RD.5] (OVERSEA Ver.)
- ROUND UP [ROUND CLEAR] (OVERSEA Ver.)
- DON'T STOP [RD.6]
- DREAMING TOMORROW [RD.7]
- SHOP [SHOP B]
- YA-DA-YO [RD.8 BOSS]
- VICTORY WAY [ENDING]
- MISS ~ GAME OVER
- VICTORY WAY [RANKING]
- Credit
- Miami Samba Machine (Start)
- Quartet Theme (Stage 1)
- Stage Clear
- FM Funk (Stage 3)
- sky (Stage 5)
- OKI RAP (Stage 10)
- Game Over
- FM Piano Test
- RAP Test
- OKI RAP (Without Voice Ver.)
- RAP Test (Without Voice Ver.)
- Credit
- Team Select
- Round 1
- Round 2
- Round 3
- Round Clear / Game Over
- Result (Body Slum Only)
- Bridge
- Team Select (Ver.2)
- Saiyyan
- Maula Mere Maula
- Jiya Dhadak Dhadak
- Teri Deewani
- Bulla
- Mann Ki Lagan
- Tere Bina
- Mitwa
- Tere Ishq Mein
- Tere Bin Nahi Lagda
- Allah Ke Bande
- Kehnde Ne Naina
- Afreen Afreen
- Ishq Nachaya
- Maula Mere Maula
- Dilbar Mera
- Javeda Zindagi (Tose Naina Laage)
- Bangla Khula
- Anwar's Dream (A Symphony in Blue)
- Jo Maine Aas Lagaayee
- Into the Black
- Mela (Shadow of Sunlight)
- Bangla Khula (dance mix)
- (Daag) Ni Main Yaar Manana Ni
- (Dil Apna Aur Preet Parayee) Andaz Tera Mastana (Taqlina)
- Kali Teri Ghut Te
- (Anmol Ghadi) Jawaan Hai Mohabbat
- (Dil Deke Dekho) Dil Deke Dekho
- (Hum Kisise Kam Nahin) Yeh Ladka Haaye Allah
- (Naya Daur) Uden Jab Jab Zulfen Teri
- (Vidhaata) Saat Saheliyaan
- Teri Meri
- Yeh Kya Hua
- Tera Mera Pyar
- Kurti Da
- Chup Chup
- Ankhon Se
- Mujhe Seene
- Dil Mere
- Dhak Dhak
- Pyar Ke Baatein
- Tum Ne Kuch
- Pokémon Johto
- Pikachu (I Choose You)
- All We Wanna Do
- The Game
- He Drives Me Crazy
- You & Me & Pokémon
- Biggest Part of My Life
- Do Ya Really Wanna Play
- Song of Jigglypuff
- Two Perfect Girls
- Never Too Far From Home
- PokéRap GS
- Pokémon Johto (Karaoke)
- Pikachu (I Choose You) (Karaoke)
- All We Wanna Do (Karaoke)
- You & Me & Pokémon (Karaoke)
- Song of Jigglypuff (Karaoke)
- Two Perfect Girls (Karaoke)
- PokéRap GS (Karaoke)
- 貧乏の踊りサービス
- High Quality Song
- 男と女神のラブ・ソング
- おおっウルド1
- 小学生じゃないんだから
- GFsCあいさつ
- 仏滅
- 猫実の女
- おおっウルド2
- 闘えっ!ばんぺいくんRX
- 4輪部入会受け付け中
- 正調・自動車部々歌
- 「悪魔のCD」告知
- 勝手に名前を使わないでね
- だから私じゃないんです
- 作曲くんメカと遊ぼう
- 無礼な音盤を救え!
- 地球が微笑むように
- 放っとけないのさ全員集合!
- Successful Mission (TV Size)
- I'm A Japoness Man
- My Name Is Lime
- Here Goes Romance
- I'll Make My Flower Of Courage Bloom (Imai Yuka)
- The Fate Has Begun To Move
- Formidable Enemy I Dark Chaser
- Black Faust
- Formidable Enemy II Assault Of Dolls!!
- Distant Thunder (Kawai Yuuko)
- All The Players Are Now In Place!
- Now! Be Pure-Hearted And Fair
- Love And Fights Are Flowers Of Edo
- Wildly Dancing Lights
- I Love You, Otaru
- Well, Could've Been Worse
- I'll be there (TV Size)
- The Wombles
- Scoobie Doo
- Ghostbusters
- Count Duckula
- Batman
- Sesame Street
- Blue Peter
- Captain Scarlet
- Skippy
- Flintstones
- Doctor Who
- Grange Hill
- Flipper
- Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
- Ugly Bug Ball
- Popeye
- Popeye II
- My Little Pony
- Rosie & Jim
- Care Bears
- 幸せな女 (Main Title)
- あなたがいる限り (パク・ワンギュ)
- はじまり
- 愚かな愛 (カン・ジョンウク)
- Filled With Dreams
- 一つの愛
- 君よ (ムン・ジョンヒ)
- A Blue Rose
- 幸せな女
- La Felicita (イ・ジョンヒョン)
- Cass
- Winter on the Bukak Skyway
- 違うでしょう
- 夕焼け
- 回帰
- All's Fair in Love
- 愛してるから愛してるって (ユ・スンチャン)
- 愛愛愛 (キム・キハ）)
- Dil Lagane Ki Saza
- Mohabbat Ne Mohabbat
- Ek Dil Hai
- Hum Khush Hue
- Dil Deewana Dhoondta Hai
- Ek Raja Hai Ek Rani Hai
- Mulqaat
- Aur Kya Zindagani Hai
- Dil Laagaane Ki Saza (instrumental)
- Kaho To Zara
- Meri Mehbooba
- Pheli Nazar Mein
- Dil Tan Pagal Hai
- [Parvarish (old)] Aansoo Bhari Hain
- [Parvarish (old)] Masti Bhara Hai Samaa
- [Parvarish (old)] Jhoome Re Jhoome Re
- [Parvarish (old)] Mama O Mama
- [Parvarish (old)] Beliya Beliya
- [Parvarish (old)] Looti Zindagi Aur Gum
- [Parvarish (old)] Jaane Kaisa Jaadu Kiya
- [Shreeman Satyawadi] Haal-E-Dil Hamara
- [Shreeman Satyawadi] Bheegi Hawaaon Mein Teri
- [Shreeman Satyawadi] Rang Rangeeli Botal
- [Shreeman Satyawadi] Kyon Uda Jaata Hai Aanchal
- [Shreeman Satyawadi] Rut Albeli Mast Samaa
- [Shreeman Satyawadi] Ek Baat Kahoon Vallah
- [Shreeman Satyawadi] Ae Dil Dekhe Hain Humne
- Badalon Se
- Tu Mere Paas Bhi Hai
- The Mood of Satya
- Goli Maar
- Geela Geela Pani
- Sapne Mein
- To Chalun (Border)
- Tum To Thehre Pardesi
- Tum Mere Ho (Betabi)
- Jata Hai Too Kahan (Yes Boss)
- Tan Tana Tan (Judwaa)
- Crazy Kya Re
- Paisa Paisa
- Main Hoon Don
- Tere Bin
- Jaane ke Jaane Na
- Afsana Banake
- Fanaa for U
- Shake It
- Aap ki Khatir
- Pyaar Kar Ke
- Laagi Chutte Na
- Kya Mujhe Pyar
- Meri Dhoop Hai
- Hibbaki
- Ya Ali
- Bheegi Yaadein
- Ghustak Nigah
- Sau Dard
- Fanaa for You (Chand Sifarish club mix)
- Salaam Namaste (Dhol mix)
- Kajra Re (remix)
- Halla Re
- My Dil Goes Mmmm (English club mix)
- B N B
- N 'N' N - The Naughty Mix
- Chup Chup Ke (remix)
- Tere Liye (remix)
- Main Yahaan Hoon (remix)
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Batman The Brave And The Bold Season 3 Episode 12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:13
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
sub me for more videos
http://wn.com/Batman_The_Brave_And_The_Bold_Season_3_Episode_12
sub me for more videos
Mac mac , ratzustee
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:56
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
The Ugly Duckling , ratusca cea urata , cartoon network Tom&Jerry;
http://wn.com/Mac_mac_,_ratzustee
The Ugly Duckling , ratusca cea urata , cartoon network Tom&Jerry;
- published: 21 Jan 2007
- views: 5410929
- author: Alex Herdea
Justice League ep 1: Secret Origins, part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:56
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
**I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING!**
http://wn.com/Justice_League_ep_1_Secret_Origins,_part_1
**I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING!**
- published: 18 Jul 2011
- views: 1166620
- author: kli1991
Cartoon Network Video Full online episodes of Ben 10 and your favorite TV shows!3.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:32
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Hi
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_Video_Full_online_episodes_of_Ben_10_and_your_favorite_TV_shows!3flv
Hi
- published: 07 Dec 2009
- views: 692859
- author: XxAirkid21xX
Cartoon Network's Adventure Time Official Preview Five Short Graybles Clip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Visit www.coin-op.tv for more video game interviews and reviews! Cartoon Network's Adventure Time Official Preview Five Short Graybles Clip YouTube www.youtube.com Website: www.coin-op.tv Twitter www.twitter.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com From the mind of creator Pendleton Ward, Adventure Time introduces viewers to unlikely heroes Finn and Jake, buddies who traverse the mystical Land of Ooo and encounter its colorful inhabitants. The best of friends, our heroes always find themselves in the middle of heart-pounding escapades. Finn, a silly kid with an awesome hat and Jake, a brassy dog with a big kind heart, depend on each other through thick and thin. The highly anticipated fourth season premieres Monday, April 2, at 7:30 pm (ET, PT). TAGS: coinoptv "coin-op tv" trailer preview yt:quality=high HD highdefinition official robertwelkner exclusive pennyman "cartoon network" cartoonnetwork "adventure time" adventuretime "five short Graybles" animation anime cartoons comedy funny kids children wondercon 2012 announcement
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network's_Adventure_Time_Official_Preview_Five_Short_Graybles_Clip
Visit www.coin-op.tv for more video game interviews and reviews! Cartoon Network's Adventure Time Official Preview Five Short Graybles Clip YouTube www.youtube.com Website: www.coin-op.tv Twitter www.twitter.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com From the mind of creator Pendleton Ward, Adventure Time introduces viewers to unlikely heroes Finn and Jake, buddies who traverse the mystical Land of Ooo and encounter its colorful inhabitants. The best of friends, our heroes always find themselves in the middle of heart-pounding escapades. Finn, a silly kid with an awesome hat and Jake, a brassy dog with a big kind heart, depend on each other through thick and thin. The highly anticipated fourth season premieres Monday, April 2, at 7:30 pm (ET, PT). TAGS: coinoptv "coin-op tv" trailer preview yt:quality=high HD highdefinition official robertwelkner exclusive pennyman "cartoon network" cartoonnetwork "adventure time" adventuretime "five short Graybles" animation anime cartoons comedy funny kids children wondercon 2012 announcement
- published: 19 Mar 2012
- views: 890583
- author: coinoptv
Cartoon Network Tom amp; Jerry Video 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_Tom_amp;_Jerry_Video_1
- published: 28 Oct 2010
- views: 478867
- author: anurag810
Cartoon Network's Regular Show Official Preview Video Game Wizard Clip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Visit www.coin-op.tv for more video game interviews and reviews! Cartoon Network's Regular Show Official Preview Video Game Wizard Clip YouTube www.youtube.com Website: www.coin-op.tv Twitter www.twitter.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Created by JG Quintel, Regular Show features two groundskeepers, Mordecai (a six-foot-tall blue jay) and Rigby (a hyperactive raccoon) are best friends who spend their days trying to entertain themselves by any means necessary, much to the displeasure of Benson (their boss, who is a gumball machine) and to the delight of Pops (an older, lollipop-headed gentleman). Their everyday pursuits often lead to things spiraling out of control and into the surreal. Regular Show airs Mondays at 8 pm (ET, PT) TAGS: coinoptv "coin-op tv" trailer preview yt:quality=high HD highdefinition official robertwelkner videogames "regular show" "cartoon network" regularshow cartoonnetweek anime thewizard "power glove" JGQuinte Mordecai Rigby comedy parody animation pops benson nintendo "nes" spoof kids children wondercon 2012 announcement
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network's_Regular_Show_Official_Preview_Video_Game_Wizard_Clip
Visit www.coin-op.tv for more video game interviews and reviews! Cartoon Network's Regular Show Official Preview Video Game Wizard Clip YouTube www.youtube.com Website: www.coin-op.tv Twitter www.twitter.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Created by JG Quintel, Regular Show features two groundskeepers, Mordecai (a six-foot-tall blue jay) and Rigby (a hyperactive raccoon) are best friends who spend their days trying to entertain themselves by any means necessary, much to the displeasure of Benson (their boss, who is a gumball machine) and to the delight of Pops (an older, lollipop-headed gentleman). Their everyday pursuits often lead to things spiraling out of control and into the surreal. Regular Show airs Mondays at 8 pm (ET, PT) TAGS: coinoptv "coin-op tv" trailer preview yt:quality=high HD highdefinition official robertwelkner videogames "regular show" "cartoon network" regularshow cartoonnetweek anime thewizard "power glove" JGQuinte Mordecai Rigby comedy parody animation pops benson nintendo "nes" spoof kids children wondercon 2012 announcement
- published: 19 Mar 2012
- views: 376940
- author: coinoptv
RIP Cartoon Network
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
A brief history of Cartoon Network and its gradual downfall into a total shitfest. Rest in peace, old buddy.
http://wn.com/RIP_Cartoon_Network
A brief history of Cartoon Network and its gradual downfall into a total shitfest. Rest in peace, old buddy.
- published: 10 Jul 2008
- views: 273751
- author: Bashe86
(Subtitulos en español) Cartoon Network - MAD: Avenger time
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Pedido por: KaliYuga96 Otro cap de Mad con subs nn
http://wn.com/Subtitulos_en_español_Cartoon_Network_MAD_Avenger_time
Pedido por: KaliYuga96 Otro cap de Mad con subs nn
- published: 04 Apr 2012
- views: 468199
- author: Darksubs1
Ben 10 Cartoon Network Sizzle Nuremberg Toy Fair
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Join us at Ben10Toys.net From the Cartoon Network private showroom at the Nuremberg Germany Toy Fair, this is a "sizzle" promo video for Ben 10. They review the Ben 10 show and other productions including The first cartoon series: "Ben 10" The first Ben 10 movie: "Ben 10 Race Against Time" The 2nd season: "Ben 10 Alien Force" The 2nd Ben 10 movie: "Ben 10 Alien Swarm" The 3rd season: "Ben 10 Ultimate Alien" The Ben 10 Live stage show Ben 10 Ultimate Mission roller coaster ride and the Ben 10 TV game show. When they talk about "EMEA" they are referring to the market ares: Europe, Middle East, and Africa. All content property Turner Media and Cartoon Network
http://wn.com/Ben_10_Cartoon_Network_Sizzle_Nuremberg_Toy_Fair
Join us at Ben10Toys.net From the Cartoon Network private showroom at the Nuremberg Germany Toy Fair, this is a "sizzle" promo video for Ben 10. They review the Ben 10 show and other productions including The first cartoon series: "Ben 10" The first Ben 10 movie: "Ben 10 Race Against Time" The 2nd season: "Ben 10 Alien Force" The 2nd Ben 10 movie: "Ben 10 Alien Swarm" The 3rd season: "Ben 10 Ultimate Alien" The Ben 10 Live stage show Ben 10 Ultimate Mission roller coaster ride and the Ben 10 TV game show. When they talk about "EMEA" they are referring to the market ares: Europe, Middle East, and Africa. All content property Turner Media and Cartoon Network
- published: 11 Apr 2012
- views: 599906
- author: Atamaiidotcom
Cartoon Network: The History Of, and Downfall
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:00
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
SEND CN FEEDBACK HERE: www.cartoonnetwork.com --------------------------------- FULL EPISODES HERE: www.cartoonnetwork.com Full episodes under "Shows". Support our old favorites by watching them on the website. --------------------------------- BOOMERANG LINK: www.cool-tvlive.net -Boomerang TV Online Anyone with Internet Explorer, Windows Media Player 10 and SopCast please try this link and message me if it works. Kudos to wwewwf96 for finding this for me. --------------------------------- I started watching television when I was four. It was 1999-2000 I believe, and I was introduced to Cartoon Network, and instantly fell in love. I've never seen anything like it before, having been the only source of entertainment for me at the time was my toy cars and Hot Wheels sets. I grew up with cartoons like Ed, Edd n Eddy, Courage the Cowardly Dog, Cow and Chicken, Johnny Bravo, and all the other classic and original Cartoon Cartoons, even the later ones like Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends and Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy. I loved the shows, I thought Nickelodeon couldn't compete. I never did like Nickelodeon that much, they have some good shows but nowadays it's just all iCarly and SpongeBob. CN grew up fast, and took on a look in 2004 that blew me away and had me even more captivated. It was a CGI city, where all the cartoon characters were intertwined with each other, living in this big city made up of the settings from various shows. It was really well done and gave ...
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_The_History_Of,_and_Downfall
SEND CN FEEDBACK HERE: www.cartoonnetwork.com --------------------------------- FULL EPISODES HERE: www.cartoonnetwork.com Full episodes under "Shows". Support our old favorites by watching them on the website. --------------------------------- BOOMERANG LINK: www.cool-tvlive.net -Boomerang TV Online Anyone with Internet Explorer, Windows Media Player 10 and SopCast please try this link and message me if it works. Kudos to wwewwf96 for finding this for me. --------------------------------- I started watching television when I was four. It was 1999-2000 I believe, and I was introduced to Cartoon Network, and instantly fell in love. I've never seen anything like it before, having been the only source of entertainment for me at the time was my toy cars and Hot Wheels sets. I grew up with cartoons like Ed, Edd n Eddy, Courage the Cowardly Dog, Cow and Chicken, Johnny Bravo, and all the other classic and original Cartoon Cartoons, even the later ones like Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends and Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy. I loved the shows, I thought Nickelodeon couldn't compete. I never did like Nickelodeon that much, they have some good shows but nowadays it's just all iCarly and SpongeBob. CN grew up fast, and took on a look in 2004 that blew me away and had me even more captivated. It was a CGI city, where all the cartoon characters were intertwined with each other, living in this big city made up of the settings from various shows. It was really well done and gave ...
- published: 25 Jul 2009
- views: 635571
- author: TheUngiver
Cartoon Network Australia - Rebranding to It's a Fun thing Era (CHECK it Era) 1st Oct 2011 9am
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:55
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_Australia_Rebranding_to_It's_a_Fun_thing_Era_CHECK_it_Era_1st_Oct_2011_9am
- published: 11 Oct 2011
- views: 19800
- author: DJ9054
Ben 10 Destroy All Aliens Teaser Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
More @ www.toonbarn.com Cartoon Network offers the first look at a CG animated Ben 10 in the upcoming special Ben 10: Destroy All Aliens
http://wn.com/Ben_10_Destroy_All_Aliens_Teaser_Trailer
More @ www.toonbarn.com Cartoon Network offers the first look at a CG animated Ben 10 in the upcoming special Ben 10: Destroy All Aliens
- published: 26 Jul 2011
- views: 1455606
- author: ToonBarn
Addams Family Cartoon - Double O Honeymoon In 3D
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:24
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
3D Glasses Required - I Do Not Own The Addams Family Cartoon
http://wn.com/Addams_Family_Cartoon_Double_O_Honeymoon_In_3D
3D Glasses Required - I Do Not Own The Addams Family Cartoon
- published: 22 Jun 2012
- views: 65128
- author: madhatterjd
RIP Cartoon Network
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
this is a tribute to the channel Cartoon Network and all its old shows. I hope you enjoy. Song is Good Ridance(Time of your Life) by Green Day
http://wn.com/RIP_Cartoon_Network
this is a tribute to the channel Cartoon Network and all its old shows. I hope you enjoy. Song is Good Ridance(Time of your Life) by Green Day
- published: 04 Jul 2008
- views: 78756
- author: ressezpbmonk
Cartoon Network - Block Bumpers (Part 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
These bumpers were used on the European CN versions mostly from 2001 to 2005 and they were part of the Block rebrand. Credit goes to TRICEFALO STUDIO from Vimeo. TM & © 2001-2011 Cartoon Network. A Time Warner Company. All Rights Reserved. The Cartoon Network is a part of the Turner Broadcasting System.
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_Block_Bumpers_Part_1
These bumpers were used on the European CN versions mostly from 2001 to 2005 and they were part of the Block rebrand. Credit goes to TRICEFALO STUDIO from Vimeo. TM & © 2001-2011 Cartoon Network. A Time Warner Company. All Rights Reserved. The Cartoon Network is a part of the Turner Broadcasting System.
- published: 12 Sep 2011
- views: 68170
- author: CartoonNetworkRulzz
Cartoon Network 2.5.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_25flv
- published: 05 Mar 2012
- views: 41261
- author: gabriel20025
Cartoon Network - This is Cartoon Network (2004-06 Look)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
This is a clip of the day Cartoon Network introduced its city look, and rebranded itself with a new logo in 2004 (in other areas, it came later). In some countries, its new look came later. This is also the introduction of the female announcer at the very end (2004-2006?) -- Nikki (apparently, that's her name).
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_This_is_Cartoon_Network_2004-06_Look
This is a clip of the day Cartoon Network introduced its city look, and rebranded itself with a new logo in 2004 (in other areas, it came later). In some countries, its new look came later. This is also the introduction of the female announcer at the very end (2004-2006?) -- Nikki (apparently, that's her name).
- published: 13 Apr 2006
- views: 389765
- author: OneRadicalDude
CARTOON NETWORK INDIA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/CARTOON_NETWORK_INDIA
- published: 08 Jan 2012
- views: 17679
- author: DJ9054
Cartoon Network Europe Rebrand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
New promo and identity for CN Europe by Stardust stardust.tv
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_Europe_Rebrand
New promo and identity for CN Europe by Stardust stardust.tv
- published: 11 Nov 2009
- views: 181597
- author: Bruno Allucci
Cartoon Network Fail
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:09
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Make sure and subscribe for more funny videos! Updated daily!
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_Fail
Make sure and subscribe for more funny videos! Updated daily!
- published: 23 Mar 2011
- views: 801298
- author: youarefailnet
Cartoon Network - Silence is Golden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Follow-up is here! www.youtube.com Hilarious ad for Cartoon Network in Australia. None of these are on anymore, and that's sad. These were the days.
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_Silence_is_Golden
Follow-up is here! www.youtube.com Hilarious ad for Cartoon Network in Australia. None of these are on anymore, and that's sad. These were the days.
- published: 16 Nov 2007
- views: 105048
- author: Nerdlinger24
Cartoon Network Latin America - Toonface Promos (with English captions)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:05
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
NOTE: I don't speak Spanish, so I can't understand a word you're saying. A collection of promos that air on Cartoon Network Latin America since 2011. They would feature cartoon characters interactiong on a social network, called Toonface (a spoof of Facebook). I got these promos with captions from here: cartoonnetworkads.tumblr.com Also the reason, I uploaded these here is because this video is 7 minutes long and I'm afraid it might get a strike and I don't want to get it on my main channel.
http://wn.com/Cartoon_Network_Latin_America_Toonface_Promos_with_English_captions
NOTE: I don't speak Spanish, so I can't understand a word you're saying. A collection of promos that air on Cartoon Network Latin America since 2011. They would feature cartoon characters interactiong on a social network, called Toonface (a spoof of Facebook). I got these promos with captions from here: cartoonnetworkads.tumblr.com Also the reason, I uploaded these here is because this video is 7 minutes long and I'm afraid it might get a strike and I don't want to get it on my main channel.
- published: 22 Jan 2012
- views: 122185
- author: CartoonNetRulzz
photo: AP / Lefteris Pitarakis
30 Nov 2012
- For historians, it represents a treasure trove of boundless rewards and an opportunity to revisit some of the most enduring myths about Britain's colonial past. But for some of those still living with the physical and psychological scars, the release of thousands of previously secret government-held documents offers fresh hope of finally gaining a measure of justice for their suffering under British rule ... 1096 Source.. Al Jazeera ... ;">....(size: 22.4Kb)
photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein
29 Nov 2012
Just before she leapt from her roof into the streets of Kabul, Farima thought of the wedding that would never happen and the man she would never marry. Her fiance would be pleased to see her die, she later recalled thinking. It would offer relief to them both. Farima, 17, had resisted her engagement to Zabiullah since it was ordained by her grandfather when she was 9 ... He ran outside. His daughter's torso was contorted ... Her skin was pallid....(size: 12.8Kb)
photo: US NARA
30 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Staring at the quote on the small granite monument which read. "They said to one another, behold here comes the dreamer...Let us slay him...And we shall see what will become of his dreams," I tried to understand that fateful moment when a shot shattered heaven and earth ... Martin Luther King, Jr. Straining my ears, I tried to hear Rev. Abernathy cry out, "Oh my God, Martin's been shot!" ... Dr....(size: 6.5Kb)
photo: UN / David Manyua
01 Dec 2012
The conflict in Syria has now reached "new and appalling heights of brutality and violence", according to the UN secretary-general, while the world body's envoy to Syria has said the country is in danger of becoming "a failed state" ... "Opposition elements also have stepped up their attacks ... As violence continued, the blackout of phone and internet networks remained in place across most of Syria for a second straight day ... 957 Source. ... ....(size: 21.8Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammed Abu Zaid
30 Nov 2012
Egypt's Islamist-run assembly has backed a draft constitution, including a measure keeping sharia, or Islamic law, as the main source of legislation ... ....(size: 0.8Kb)
Chicago Tribune
30 Nov 2012
R2-D2 and a group of droids are sent on the dangerous mission in the latest episode of "Star Wars. The Clone Wars.". "Secret Weapons," airing at 8.30 a.m. Dec. 1 on Cartoon Network, launches a new story arc. In the sneak peek below, Col. Gascon (voiced by Stephen Stanton) drills the droids about the mission to obtain an encryption module from a Separatist dreadnought. In the clip above, creepy Dr ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Newsfactor
30 Nov 2012
If your local public high school has empty seats, the district might lay off teachers. If it's operated by K12, the company will take out an ad on CNN, The Cartoon Network or VampireFreaks.com and fill those seats. A USA TODAY analysis finds that online charter schools have spent millions in taxpayer dollars on advertising in the past five years ... The figures are estimates ... . © 2012 USA TODAY under contract with YellowBrix ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
AV Club
30 Nov 2012
Remember the Choose Your Own Adventure books? Remember the thrill of being able to control the story, and the sense of power that came from being able to change the course of the entire plot? Much of the grown-up appeal of the Cartoon Network series Adventure Time and its attendant comic lies in one simple question ... adapt into a 10-minute cartoon....(size: 11.6Kb)
The Examiner
29 Nov 2012
The vast majority of XFINITY On Demand programming — including shows from popular networks like Comedy Central and Cartoon Network — is available at no additional charge over the cost of Comcast Digital Cable service ... For more information about Comcast’s products and services visit www.Xfinity.com. ....(size: 1.5Kb)
Celebrity Café
29 Nov 2012
Cannon signed a first-look deal with the network and committed to another season of hosting America’s Got Talent ... He has hosted since 2009. NCredible has already produced a number of shows in development, including Incredible Crew, a live-action sketch comedy show for Cartoon Network, notes Deadline ... image. NBC 0 ... None ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)
CNN
29 Nov 2012
Walton took the reins at CNN in 2003 after getting his start with the company in 1981 as a video journalist, the network's entry level position for editorial staffers ... The parent company of CNN, Time Warner (TWX, Fortune 500) controls a much wider programming and media portfolio including HBO and Cartoon Network ... Zucker started his career at NBC and enjoyed a meteoric rise through the network's ranks ... © 2012 Cable News Network....(size: 8.4Kb)
IMDb
29 Nov 2012
... as well as 2 clips from "Secret Weapons" which airs this Saturday, December 1st at 9.30am Et/Pt on Cartoon Network....(size: 0.6Kb)
IMDb
29 Nov 2012
The Clone Wars ... airing this Saturday, December 1st at 9.30am Et/Pt on Cartoon Network. Episode Trivia ... - April MacIntyre. ....(size: 0.7Kb)
noodls
29 Nov 2012
NBC SIGNS FIRST-LOOK PRODUCTION DEAL WITH NICK CANNON FROM NETWORK'S 'AMERICA'S GOT TALENT' ... and scripted programming for the network ... The next big foray in the kids' cable marketplace for NCredible is a 30 minute live-action sketch comedy show at The Cartoon Network titled "Incredible Crew." ... The network will sneak-peek two episodes on New Year's Eve....(size: 5.9Kb)
The Verge
29 Nov 2012
That is, except for Time Warner, whose CEO Jeff Bewkes apparently wants to buy one of the "Designed in California" sets ... While this might not be a big deal coming from another CEO, Time Warner is the second-largest media company in the world behind only The Walt Disney Company; owning New Line Cinema, HBO, TBS, Warner Bros., CNN, Cartoon Network, and other properties ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
29 Nov 2012
In case your child hasn't told you, Lego KidsFest is back in Pittsburgh this weekend for three days of interlocking plastic brick madness ... Where. David L ... When ... (Session I) and 3-7.30 p.m ... Tickets ... Not only has Lego sold a lot of Ninjago construction sets, the video game has done well and the CG-animated television series on Cartoon Network "is the No. 1 show with boys on our network," said Cartoon Network spokesman James Anderson ... ....(size: 10.4Kb)
The Hollywood Reporter
28 Nov 2012
Under the pact, Cannon and his NCredible Entertainment manager/business partner Michael Goldman will develop scripted and unscripted efforts for the network ... Cartoon Network Orders Nick Cannon Sketch Comedy Series and 'How To Train Your Dragon' Spinoff ... Cannon, repped by ICM Partners, Michael Goldman and Del Shaw, also has live-actionsketch comedy series Incredible Crew due in January on Cartoon Network....(size: 2.9Kb)
IMDb
28 Nov 2012
In addition to Cannon’s long-time collaboration with Nickelodeon, his company is producing the upcoming Cartoon Network live-action sketch comedy series Incredible Crew created by Cannon....(size: 1.0Kb)
This article is about the United States channel. For other uses, see Cartoon Network (disambiguation).
| Cartoon Network | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Cartoon Network logo | |
| Launched | October 1, 1992 |
| Owned by | Turner Broadcasting System (a Time Warner company) |
| Picture format | 480i (SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) |
| Slogan | Check it. |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Broadcast area | Nationwide |
| Headquarters | Atlanta, Georgia (General) Los Angeles, California (West Coast) |
| Sister channel(s) | TBS, CNN, TNT, TCM, HLN, truTV, WPCH, Boomerang |
| Website | cartoonnetwork.com |
| Availability | |
| Satellite | |
| DirecTV | Channel 296 (SD/HD) (East) Channel 297 (West) |
| Dish Network | Channel 176 (SD/HD) (East) Channel 177 (West) |
| Cable | |
| Available on most cable systems | Check local listings for channels |
| Verizon FiOS | Channel 257 |
| IPTV | |
| AT&T U-Verse | Channel 325 (SD) (East) Channel 326 (SD) (West) Channel 1325 (HD) (East) Channel 1326 (HD) (West) |
Cartoon Network (abbreviated CN, operated by The Cartoon Network, Inc.) is an American cable television network owned by Turner Broadcasting which primarily airs animated programming. The channel was launched on October 1, 1992, after Turner purchased the animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1991. It was served as a 24-hour outlet for classic animation properties from the Turner Broadcasting libraries and was all-ages-oriented, but now the channel targets both children and adults (via its Adult Swim programming).
It also broadcasts many shows, ranging from action to animated comedy. Original series started in 1994 with Space Ghost Coast to Coast, along with Cartoon Cartoons original programs like Cow & Chicken, I Am Weasel, Dexter's Laboratory, The Powerpuff Girls, Johnny Bravo, What A Cartoon!, Ed, Edd n Eddy, Mike, Lu & Og and Courage the Cowardly Dog. In 2009, it started airing live-action programming, including movies from Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema.
Contents |
History[link]
Development[link]
In 1986, Ted Turner's cable-TV conglomerate acquired the pre-1986 MGM film and television library[1] (which also included Gilligan's Island and its animated spin-offs, the U.S. rights to a majority of the RKO Radio Pictures library, and the Associated Artists Productions catalog which includes the pre-1950 Warner Bros. feature films, the pre-1950 Warner Bros. short subjects, the Harman and Ising Merrie Melodies except Lady, Play Your Mandolin!, the pre-1950 Warner Bros. cartoons, and the Fleischer Studios and Famous Studios Popeye cartoons released by Paramount Pictures). On October 3, 1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had gained an audience with its film library.[2] In 1990, it purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera and acquired its large library as well as most of the Ruby-Spears library.
Launch[link]
On October 1, 1992, Cartoon Network was launched as an outlet for Turner's considerable library of animation, and the initial programming on the channel consisted exclusively of reruns of classic Warner Bros. cartoons (the pre-1950 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies), the 1933–1957 Popeye cartoons, MGM cartoons, and Hanna-Barbera cartoons.[citation needed] At first, cable providers in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington D.C., and Detroit carried the channel.[3] By the time the network launched, Cartoon Network had a 8,500 hour cartoon library.[4] From its launch until 1995, the network's announcers said the network's name with the word "The" added before "Cartoon Network", thus calling the network "The Cartoon Network".
Cartoon Network was not the first cable channel to have relied on cartoons to attract an audience. Nickelodeon had paved the way in the 1980s. On August 11, 1991, Nickelodeon had launched three "high-profile" animated series: Doug, The Ren & Stimpy Show, and Rugrats, further signifying the importance of cartoons in its programming. The Disney Channel and the Family Channel had also included animated shows in their programming, as did USA Network, whose Cartoon Express was widely popular. In each of these cases, until October 1, 1992, cartoons were only broadcast during the morning or the early afternoon. Prime time and late night television hours were reserved for live-action programs, following the assumption that television animation could only attract child audiences, while Cartoon Network was a 24-hour single-genre channel with animation as its main theme. Turner Broadcasting System had defied conventional wisdom before by launching CNN, a channel providing 24-hours news coverage. The concept was previously thought unlikely to attract a sufficient audience to be particularly profitable, however the CNN experiment had been successful and Turner could hope that the Network would also find success.[5]
Initially, the channel would broadcast cartoons 24/7. Most of the short cartoons were aired in half-hour or hour-long packages, usually separated by character or studio—Down Wit' Droopy D aired old Droopy Dog shorts, The Tom and Jerry Show presented the classic cat-and-mouse team, and Bugs and Daffy Tonight provided classic Looney Tunes shorts. Late Night Black and White showed early black-and-white cartoons (mostly from the Fleischer Studios and Walter Lantz cartoons from 1930s), and ToonHeads, which would show three shorts with a similar theme and provide trivia about the cartoons.[citation needed] There was also an afternoon cartoon block called High Noon Toons which was hosted by cowboy hand puppets (an example of the simplicity and imagination the network had in the early years). The majority of the classic animation that was shown on Cartoon Network no longer airs on a regular basis, with the exception of Tom and Jerry and Looney Tunes.
The first challenge for Cartoon Network was to overcome its low penetration of existing cable systems. When launched on October 1, 1992, the channel was only carried by 233 cable systems. However, it benefited from package deals. New subscribers to sister stations TNT and WTBS could also get access to Cartoon Network through such deals. The high ratings of Cartoon Network over the following couple of years led to more cable systems including it. By the end of 1994, Cartoon Network had become "the fifth most popular cable channel in the United States".[5]
Series[link]
For the first few years of Cartoon Network's existence, programming meant for Cartoon Network would also be simulcast on TBS and/or TNT in order to increase the shows' (and Cartoon Network's) exposure; examples include The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest, Cartoon Planet, and 2 Stupid Dogs.
The network's first exclusive original show was The Moxy Show, first airing in 1993.[citation needed] The first series produced by Cartoon Network was Space Ghost Coast to Coast in 1994, but the show mostly consisted of "recycled animation cels" from the archives of Hanna-Barbera, being an ironic deconstruction of a talk show. It featured live-action guests, mostly consisting of celebrities which were past their prime or counterculture figures. A running gag was that the production cost was dubbed "minimal". The series found its audience among young adults who appreciated its "hip" perspective.[6]
Kevin Sandler considered Space Ghost Coast to Coast instrumental in establishing Cartoon Network's appeal to older audiences. Space Ghost, a 1960s superhero by Hanna-Barbera, was recast as the star of a talk show parody. This was arguably the first time the Network revived a "classic animated icon" in an entirely new context for comedic purposes. Grown-ups who had ceased enjoying the original takes on the characters could find amusement in the "new ironic and self-referential context" for them. Promotional shorts such as the "Scooby-Doo Project", a parody of the The Blair Witch Project, gave similar treatments to the Scooby gang.[7] However, there were less successful efforts at such revivals. A Day in the Life of Ranger Smith and Boo Boo Runs Wild (1999) featured new takes on Yogi Bear's supporting cast by John Kricfalusi. Their "tasteless" humor, sexual content and lack of respect for the source material was rather out of place among the rest of the Cartoon Network shows. These shorts do not seem to have much of a fan-following and the network rarely found a place for them in its programming.[8]
In 1994, Hanna-Barbera's new division Cartoon Network Studios was founded and started production on What A Cartoon! (also known as World Premiere Toons). This show debuted in 1995, offering original animated shorts commissioned from Hanna-Barbera and various independent animators. The Network promoted the series as an attempt to return to the "classic days" of studio animation, offering full animator control, high budgets, and no limited animation. The project was spearheaded by several Cartoon Network executives, plus John Kricfalusi and Fred Seibert. Kricfalusi was the creator of The Ren & Stimpy Show and served as an advisor to the Network, while Seibert was formerly one of the driving forces behind Nicktoons and would go on to produce the similar animation anthology series Oh, Yeah! Cartoons and Random Cartoons.[6][9]
Cartoon Network was able to assess the potential of certain shorts to serve as pilots for spin-off series and signed contracts with their creators to create ongoing series.[6] Dexter’s Laboratory was the most popular short series according to a vote held in 1995 and eventually became the first spin-off of What A Cartoon! in 1996. Three more series based on shorts debuted in 1997: Johnny Bravo, Cow and Chicken, and I Am Weasel (the latter two as segments of the same show; later, I Am Weasel was separated and got its own show). These were followed by The Powerpuff Girls in 1998 and concluded with Courage the Cowardly Dog and Mike, Lu & Og in 1999.[6][9][10] The unrelated series Ed, Edd n Eddy was also launched in 1999.[5]
These original series were intended to appeal to a wider audience than the average Saturday morning cartoon. Linda Simensky, vice-president of original animation, reminded adults and teenage girls that cartoons could appeal to them as well. Kevin Sandler's article of them claimed that these cartoons were both less "bawdy" than their counterparts at Comedy Central and less "socially responsible" than their counterparts at Nickelodeon. Sandler pointed to the whimsical rebelliousness, high exaggeration, and self-consciousness of the overall output, while each individual series manage.[7]
Expansion[link]
In 1996, Turner merged with Time Warner.[11] This consolidated ownership of all the Warner Bros. cartoons, so now post-July 1948 and the former Sunset-owned black-and-white cartoons (which Warner Brothers had reacquired in the 1960s) releases were being shown on the network. Although most of the post-July 1948 cartoons were still contracted to be shown on Nickelodeon, the network wouldn't air them until September 1999. Newer animated productions by Warner Bros. also started appearing on the network—mostly reruns of shows that had aired on Kids' WB, plus certain new programs such as Justice League[citation needed].
Cartoon Network's programming wouldn't be available in Canada until 1997, when a Canadian specialty network entitled Teletoon and its French language counterpart launched.
2000s[link]
Adult Swim debuted on September 2, 2001 with an episode of Home Movies. Adult Swim was also where Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law, Sealab 2021, and Aqua Teen Hunger Force made their official debuts, although they first aired in December 2000, while Space Ghost Coast to Coast was on hiatus.
The first theatrical film The Powerpuff Girls Movie was released on July 3, 2002, which received mixed to positive reviews by critics.
Jim Samples, president of the Cartoon Network since August 2001, resigned on February 9, 2007 due to the 2007 Boston bomb scare.[12][13] Following Samples's resignation, Stuart Snyder was named his successor.[14] On October 15, 2007, the channel began broadcasting in 1080i high definition.[15] Every October since 2007, Cartoon Network would air 40 episodes of the former Fox Kids program Goosebumps, though Cartoon Network lost the rights to the show on October 31, 2009 and stopped airing the program[citation needed].
Starting in the end of 2007, the network has also began to air some imported programs from Teletoon such as George of the Jungle, Atomic Betty, 6teen, Chaotic, Bakugan Battle Brawlers, Stoked, Total Drama Island and its successors Total Drama Action and Total Drama World Tour.
Cartoon Network announced at its 2008 Upfront that it was working on a new project called Cartoonstitute, which was headed by animators Craig McCracken as executive producer and Rob Renzetti as supervising producer. Both reported to Rob Scorcher, who created the idea. It would have worked similar to What A Cartoon!, by creating at least 150 pieces of animation within 20 months.[16] Cartoonstitute was eventually cancelled[citation needed], and out of all the shorts, two Regular Show and Secret Mountain Fort Awesome were selected, after animator Craig McCracken (the creator of The Powerpuff Girls and Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends) eventually left the network after 15 years in 2009[citation needed]. On September 20, 2008, Cartoon Network ended Toonami after its 11-year run.[17]
Beginning May 25, 2008, Cartoon Network began airing animated shorts, called Wedgies, to fill in spots between two programs. On July 14, 2008, the network took on a newer look created by Tristan Eaton and was animated by Crew972. The bumpers of that era had white, faceless characters called Noods, based on the DIY toy, Munny. The standard network logo was then completely white, adopting different colors based on the occasion in the same style.[18]
In June 2009, a block of live-action reality shows, The Othersiders, Survive This, BrainRush, Destroy Build Destroy, Dude, What Would Happen and Bobb'e Says, began airing in a programming block promoted as CN Real.[19] The network also aired some limited sports programming, including basketball recaps and Slamball games, during the commercials.
2010s[link]
Since December 27, 2010, Adult Swim began starting 1 hour earlier at 9 PM.[20] In February 2011, Cartoon Network aired their first sports award show, called Hall of Game Awards, hosted by Tony Hawk. The second Hall of Games Awards aired February 20, 2012 was hosted by Shaquille O'Neal.
At its 2011 upfront, Cartoon Network announced 14 new series, including The Problem Solverz, formerly known as Neon Knome, The Looney Tunes Show, Secret Mountain Fort Awesome, Level Up, a scripted live-action comedy series which will have a 90-minute starting film, Tower Prep, Green Lantern, How to Train Your Dragon, the series based on the DreamWorks film, The Amazing World of Gumball, Total Drama: Revenge of the Island, the sequel of Total Drama World Tour; ThunderCats, Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu and Ben 10: Omniverse[21] The network announced a new block planned to air called "DC Nation"; this block will focus on the titular heroes, the first being Green Lantern.[22] 9 Story's Almost Naked Animals, an animated comedy about a group of shaved animals in their underwear running a hotel called the Banana Cabana, was also picked up by the network and made its US debut on June 13, 2011, the same premiere date as another Canadian-acquired animated series, Sidekick.[23]
After announcing two new live action shows in Unnatural History and Tower Prep, which were both cancelled after their first seasons, Cartoon Network acquired the game show, Hole in the Wall. By the end of 2011, Hole in the Wall and the final two CN Real shows, Destroy Build Destroy and Dude, What Would Happen were removed from Cartoon Network's schedule completely, In 2012, Cartoon Network will add an adaptation of the popular web series The Annoying Orange to its primetime lineup.[24] Cartoon Network also returned two 1960s cartoons, The Flintstones and The Jetsons, to its daytime lineup, after several years of being seen only on Boomerang.
It was announced Thursday, February 2, 2012 that Teletoon would be launching a Canadian version of Cartoon Network. It will also include a Canadian version of the overnight block Adult Swim. This channel will launch on July 4, 2012.
On March 18, 2012 Cartoon Network aired its first documentary, Speak Up, about bullying, which was rated TV-PG-L. Later that month on March 30,2012, the block Cartoon Planet was revived, now airing the channel's original programming from the 1990s and early 2000s.
Programming[link]
Main article: List of programs broadcast by Cartoon Network
Animated programs aired included original Cartoon Network Studios productions like Dexter's Laboratory, Johnny Bravo, The Powerpuff Girls,Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, and Codename: Kids Next Door; as well as programs produced by other studios, such as Ed, Edd n Eddy and Courage the Cowardly Dog. It also has original live-action series like Out of Jimmy's Head, The Othersiders, Destroy Build Destroy and Dude, What Would Happen. A Spanish language audio track is accessible via SAP, some cable and satellite companies offer the Spanish feed as a separate channel.
Cartoon Network benefited from having access to a large collection of animated programming, including the libraries of Warner Bros. (Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (Tom and Jerry and other series) ,and Hanna-Barbera (The Flintstones, Scooby-Doo, and many others). Especially in its earlier years, the company's co-ownership with Hanna-Barbera gave the network access to an established animation studio, something chief rival Nickelodeon did not yet have.[25]
By the early 2000s, Cartoon Network had established programming blocks aimed at different age demographics. The shows broadcast during the early morning had preschoolers as their target audience and mostly had prosocial behavior as a theme. The Toonami programming block, featured later in the day, mostly included anime shows and their target audience were tweens and teenagers. Prime time shows mostly included classic cartoons, featured as part of theThe Tex Avery Show, The Chuck Jones Show and The Bob Clampett Show.
Jason Mittell considers Cartoon Network to have helped the "cartoon genre" (animation in general) reach a wider audience in the 1990s. Mittell noted that Disney feature films starting with The Little Mermaid (1989), prime time animated series starting with The Simpsons (1989–present), and the success of Cartoon Network all helped end the "stigma" of animation only appealing to children, allowing adults to enjoy animation once again. He also credited the Network for returning cartoons initially designed for mass audiences back to their original purpose, but noted that in the case of the Hanna-Barbera shows, Cartoon Network only broadcast the most successful and well-regarded of them, largely overlooking the "lesser efforts" of the company in an apparent belief that these would turn off their adult viewers.[26] The Network's target audience, however, is stated to include "people who love cartoons" in general, regardless of their age or whether the viewers approach cartoons as a form of nostalgia, due to an appreciation of the art form, or simply seeking entertainment.
Marketing[link]
Cartoon Network shows with established fan followings, such as the The Powerpuff Girls, allowed the Network to pursue licensing agreements with companies interested in selling series-related merchandise. For example, agreements with Kraft Foods led to widespread in-store advertising for Cartoon Network-related products. The Network also worked on cross-promotion campaigns with both Kraft and Tower Records. In product development and marketing, the Network has benefited from its relation to corporate parent Time Warner, allowing for mutually beneficial relationships with various subsidiary companies.[27]
Time Warner Cable, the cable-television subsidiary of the corporate parent, distributed Cartoon Network as part of its packages. Turner Broadcasting System, the subsidiary overseeing various Time Warner-owned networks, helped cross-promote Cartoon Network shows and at times arranged for swapping certain shows between the networks. For example, Samurai Jack, one of CN's original shows, was at times seen at Kids' WB, while Cardcaptors, an anime show licensed by Kids' WB, was at times seen at Cartoon Network. In each case the swap intended to cultivate a shared audience for the two networks. Time Inc., the subsidiary overseeing the many magazines of the corporate parent, ensured favorable coverage of Cartoon Network and advertising space across its publications. Printed advertisements for CN shows could appear in magazines such as Time, Entertainment Weekly, and Sports Illustrated Kids. AOL, a sibling company to Time Warner covering Internet services, helped promote Cartoon Netwoerk shows online by offering exclusive contents for certain animated series, online sweepstakes and display advertising for CN.[27]
Warner Home Video, the home video subsidiary, distributed VHS tapes and DVDs featuring Cartoon Network shows. Rhino Entertainment, a record label subsidiary, distributed cassette tapes and CDs wirh Cartoon Network-related music. All such products were also available through the Warner Bros. Studio Store. DC Comics, the comic book subsidiary, published a series featuring the Powerpuff Girls, indicating it could handle other CN-related characters. Warner Bros., the film studio subsidiary, released The Powerpuff Girls Movie in 2002. Kevin Sandler considered it likely that the film would find its way to HBO or Cinemax, two television network subsidiaries which regularly broadcast feature films. Sandler also viewed book tie-ins through Warner Books as likely, since it was the only area of marketing not covered yet by 2001.[27]
Editing of program content[link]
Cartoon Network has, during its history, broadcast most of the Warner Bros. animated shorts originally created between the 1930s and the 1960s, but the censorship practices of the Network and its corporate parent resulted in editing out scenes depicting discharge of gunfire, alcohol ingestion, cowboys and Indians gags, and racist humor. The unedited versions were kept from both broadcasting and wide release on the video market. Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs (1943), a racist but critically well-regarded short, was notably omitted entirely, while The Scarlet Pumpernickel (1950) and Feed the Kitty (1952), both well-regarded, had their finales heavily edited due to violence.[28]
There was controversy in 2001 over a network decision concerning further omissions from broadcasting. The Cartoon Network scheduled a 49- hour-long marathon promising to broadcast every Bugs Bunny animated short in chronological order. The network originally intended to include 12 shorts that had become controversial for using ethnic stereotypes, albeit broadcasting them past midnight to ensure no children were watching, with introductions concerning their historic value as representatives of another time. The network's corporate parent, however, considered it likely that there would be complaints concerning racial insensitivity. This led to all 12 being omitted in their entirety. Laurie Goldberg, vice-president of public relations, defended the decision, stating, "We're the leader in animation, but we're also one of the top-rated general entertainment networks. There are certain responsibilities that come with that".[28]
Following complaints by its adult fanbase, the Network offered a compromise solution: the 12 omitted animated shorts would be included in upcoming documentaries. The first such documentary was a special on "The Wartime Cartoons". It notably included Herr Meets Hare (1945) in its entirety, but only certain clips of Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips (1943). Kevin Sandler considered it a positive sign of the Network being willing to "confront and unveil" some of the dishonorable aspects of animated history, but noted that so far only the Warner Bros. shorts got this serious treatment, not the MGM animated shorts also broadcast by the network.[28]
When Cartoon Network began rerunning the original Looney Tunes again in March 2011 (given their own timeslot this time in place of marathons during New Year's Day), most censored scenes in some cartoons (along with original title cards) have been reinstated, such as gunfire and alcohol, though the network still edits out racist scenes. Two of the network's shows, Adventure Time, and Regular Show, have shown scenes of violence and mild profanity (though are rated TV-PG). Sometimes, the network may remove the scenes once more after the first broadcast, or will leave them unedited. Examples of cartoons that have had their censored scenes and title cards reinstated include Scaredy Cat and For Scent-imental Reasons, two cartoons that have shown gunfire.
Many licensed anime programs broadcast on its action-themed block Toonami had to be edited for content in order to receive a TV-Y7 rating. Mostly since many of these series had objectionable content that could considered offensive or inappropriate to its younger viewers. Despite that Toonami managed to get these series on the air through editing out heavy amounts of violence, drug usage, language, sexuality and nudity particularly with Rurouni Kenshin, YuYu Hakusho, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Gundam, Dragon Ball Z, Outlaw Star, Tenchi Muyo!, Dragon Ball and Sailor Moon, however some swears, suggestive dialogue and depictions of blood have slipped through the censors. Some series such as Yu Yu Hakusho, Cyborg 009 and Rurouni Kenshin which were becoming much too violent and dark to edit were moved to later night time slots. However anime such as Naruto and One Piece (both rated TV-PG-DSV) received minor editing and included light swearing, partial nudity and alcohol references.
Ratings[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Cartoon Network has ranked in cable's top 10 networks for viewers since the late 1990's. Cartoon Network also claims in the first quarter of 2012 to be the number one cable network in boys 2-11, 6-11, and 9-14.
Cartoon Network ranked the number two kids network (behind Nickelodeon) up until 2007 when ratings saw drastic declines allowing competitor Disney Channel to pass Cartoon Network and rank the number two kids network. Cartoon Network then became the number three kids network. Cartoon Network's ratings continued to decline until the summer of 2011 when an unexpected boost in tweens 9-14 started to occur. In the fourth quarter of 2011, Cartoon Network started to pass number two Nickelodeon in tweens 9-14 on many days, causing Disney Channel to be the number one kids network with tweens and Cartoon Network to rank number two in tweens, and Nickelodeon to rank number three. Starting in 2012, Cartoon Network has consistantly on four out of the seven days a week rank the number two kids network in kids 6-11 and tweens 9-14, while Disney Channel ranks number one and Nickelodeon ranks number three. To note, Disney Channel finally became the number one kids network in 2012, which Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon both rank number two as Cartoon Network wins over Nickelodeon Monday-Thursday, and most Fridays, while Nickelodeon usually wins over Cartoon Network Saturdays and Sundays, and occassionaly Fridays.
Sister channels and related projects[link]
Adult Swim[link]
Main article: Adult Swim
Adult Swim (often stylized as [adult swim] or [as]) is an adult-oriented cable television network that shares Channel space with Cartoon Network from 9:00 pm to 6:00 am ET/PT in the United States, and broadcasts in countries such as Australia and New Zealand.[29] The network features myriad stylistically variable animated and live-action shows, including original programming, syndicated shows, and Japanese anime, generally with minimal or no editing for content. The programs featured on Adult Swim are geared toward an 18+ audience, in contrast to the originally all-ages pre-teen daytime programming on Cartoon Network.
Toonami[link]
Main article: Toonami
Toonami (a portmanteau of the words cartoon and tsunami suggesting a "tidal wave" of animated cartoons) is a brand of Cartoon Network, used initially for action-oriented programming blocks on Cartoon Network television channels worldwide, mostly showing American cartoons and Japanese anime, originating in the United States on March 17, 1997, and ended on September 20, 2008. It was revived on May 26, 2012 as a Saturday night anime block on Cartoon Network, reclaiming Adult Swim's Saturday anime block, similar to it's previous mature-geared "Midnight Run" incarnation which was that block's forerunner.
The Toonami brand name was subsequently used in the United Kingdom as the name of an action-oriented animation channel replacing a former Cartoon Network-owned channel, CNX, which had been a Toonami/live-action hybrid network. It has been hosted by two CGI hosts.
Miguzi[link]
Miguzi was a programming block replacing Toonami on the weekdays that aired action-oriented series, mainly western programming, as well as eastern programming. The block was mildly successful, and ran from April 19, 2004 to 2007.
Boomerang[link]
Main article: Boomerang (TV channel)
Main article: List of programs broadcast by Boomerang
File:Boomerang US logo.svg
The logo for Boomerang.
Boomerang was a programming block on Cartoon Network (since the network's launch in 1992) aimed towards the Baby Boom generation. The block's start time jumped frequently but was always aired in the weekends. On April 1, 2000, Boomerang received both a new look and a cable spin off channel.[30]
Get Animated[link]
Get Animated is a campaign of the channel, encouraging children to get active, more importantly in outdoor areas. Original promos involved many different cartoon characters, and real kids. Current promos still show cartoon characters playing alongside kids, though occasional sports celebrities (such as Freddy Adu) make appearances. Other promos show real kids who make great physically related achievements, or cartoon characters explaining ways of getting active.
Cartoon Network Universe: FusionFall[link]
Main article: Cartoon Network Universe: FusionFall
Cartoon Network Universe: FusionFall is a massively multiplayer online game developed by Cartoon Network and Grigon Entertainment. FusionFall uses the Unity engine as its client technology basis. For the first year, the full game required a subscription; free accounts could only access to a portion of the content.[31] It was scheduled to be released in fall 2008, but the release date was pushed back to January 14, 2009. The game became free-to-play on April 19, 2010.
Cartoon Network HD[link]
Cartoon Network HD is a high definition feed version of Cartoon Network that launched on October 15, 2007, and is available from many cable and all satellite service providers. Older 4:3 content is stretched to fill a 16:9 aspect ratio. This process results in a warped picture, which is especially apparent during horizontal panning. All programs produced in HD are aired letterboxed on the standard definition feed.
See also[link]
 |
Book: Cartoon Network |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Cartoon Cartoons
- Cartoon Network Studios
- List of programs broadcast by Cartoon Network
- Boomerang
- Toonami
- Cartoonito
- Tooncast
References[link]
- ^ Delugach, Al (March 4, 1986). "Way Cleared for Turner's MGM Deal". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1986-03-04/business/fi-15193_1_ted-turner. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Hall, Jane (January 23, 1990). "Ted Turner's TNT Exploding Onto the Cable Scene". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1990-01-23/entertainment/ca-744_1_ted-turner-s-cable. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Scott, Jeffry (October 1, 1992). "Turner's 5th: The Cartoon Network". The Free Lance-Star. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CR0QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=posDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6652%2C195222. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
- ^ "Cartoon Network off to a slow start". Observer-Reporter. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=229iAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3nYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1307,57411&dq=cartoon+network&hl=en. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ a b c Mittell (2004), p. 80
- ^ a b c d Mittell (2004), p. 82-83
- ^ a b Stabile, Harrison (2003), p. 98-99
- ^ Stabile, Harrison (2003), p. 100
- ^ a b Strike, Joe (July 15, 2003). "The Fred Seibert Interview — Part 1". Animation World Network. http://www.awn.com/articles/people/fred-seibert-interview-part-1. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Mike, Lu And Og (1996) from the What A Cartoon! Show Cartoon Episode Guide
- ^ Lander, Mark (September 23, 1995). "Turner To Merge Into Time Warner; A $7.5 Billion Deal". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/23/us/turner-to-merge-into-time-warner-a-7.5-billion-deal.html. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
- ^ "Two held after ad campaign triggers Boston bomb scare". CNN. February 1, 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/01/31/boston.bombscare/. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
- ^ "Cartoon Network Boss Quits Over Bomb Scare". CNN. February 9, 2007. http://money.cnn.com/2007/02/09/news/newsmakers/cartoon_network/. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
- ^ Romano, Allison (October 21, 2007). "Stuart Snyder: The Perfect Combination". Broadcasting & Cable. http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/110859-Stuart_Snyder_The_Perfect_Combination.php. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
- ^ Hibberd, James (January 7, 2007). "NBCU, Turner, CNN to Launch HD Networks". TV Week. http://www.tvweek.com/news/2007/01/nbcu_turner_cnn_to_launch_hd_n.php. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
- ^ Moody, Annemarie (April 3, 2008). "Cartoon Network Upfront Presentation Announcements". awn.com. Animation World Network. http://www.awn.com/news/television/cartoon-network-upfront-presentation-announcements. Retrieved 2011-07-14.
- ^ "Cartoon Network to End Toonami on September 20". Anime News Network. September 20, 2008. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-09-20/cartoon-network-to-reportedly-end-toonami-tonight. Retrieved 2011-06-12.
- ^ http://motionographer.com/2009/01/13/capacity-cartoon-network-rebrand/
- ^ Lloyd, Robert (June 17, 2009). "Cartoon Network's new reality shows, kid style". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/17/entertainment/et-cartoon-reality17. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
- ^ Crupi, Anthony (February 14, 2010). "Adult Swim Preps for Deeper Dive Into Prime". Adweek. http://www.adweek.com/news/television/adult-swim-preps-deeper-dive-prime-114737. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
- ^ Cartoon Network. "Cartoon Network Continues the Funny and Builds on Success". Facebook. http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150121471008922. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ DeMott, Rick (March 23, 2011). "Cartoon Network Builds on Brands, Launches DC Nation Block". Animation World Network. http://www.awn.com/news/business/cartoon-network-builds-brands-launches-dc-nation-block. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
- ^ DeMott, Rick (April 18, 2011). "9 Story’s Almost Naked Animals Set For U.S. Exposure On Cartoon Network". Animation World Network. http://www.awn.com/news/television/9-story-s-almost-naked-animals-set-us-exposure-cartoon-network. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Stabile, Harrison (2003), p. 98
- ^ Mittell (2004), p. 81
- ^ a b c Stabile, Harrison (2003), p. 101-102
- ^ a b c Stabile, Harrison (2003), p. 105-107
- ^ Adult Swim/CN Split Cements Strategy. ICv2. March 3, 2005.
- ^ King, Susan (April 1, 2000). "Hanna-Barbera Cartoons Return on New Boomerang". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2000/apr/01/entertainment/ca-14752. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
- ^ "FusionFall: Cartoon Network Universe :: PC Game Review". KidzWorld. http://www.kidzworld.com/article/16061-fusionfall-cartoon-network-universe-review. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
Sources[link]
- Mittell, Jason (2004), Genre and Television: From Cop Shows to Cartoons in American Culture, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-96903-1, http://books.google.com/books?id=GgryStxefA4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Stabile, Carol A.; Harrison, Mark (2003), Prime Time Animation:Television Animation and American culture, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-28326-7, http://books.google.com/books?id=wVWS-ukTSg0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Prime+time+animation:+television+animation+and+American+culture&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=aCQjTpe0Fon_-gbR_Pm5Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
External links[link]
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| Justice League | |
|---|---|
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| First appearance | The Brave and the Bold #28 (February/March 1960) |
| Created by | Gardner Fox |
| In-story information | |
| Base(s) | The Hall and the Satellite Watchtower The Refuge JLI Embassies Detroit Bunker Satellite Secret Sanctuary |
| Roster | |
| See:List of Justice League members | |
The Justice League, also called the Justice League of America or JLA, is a fictional superhero team that appears in comic books published by DC Comics.
First appearing in The Brave and the Bold #28 (February/March 1960), the Justice League originally appeared with the line-up of Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash (Barry Allen), Green Lantern (Hal Jordan), Aquaman, and the Martian Manhunter. The team roster has been rotated throughout the years with characters such as Green Arrow, Captain Marvel, Black Canary, the Atom, Hawkman, Hawkgirl, Plastic Man, Red Tornado, Firestorm, Zatanna, other Green Lanterns, and dozens of others. The team received its own comic book title in October 1960, when the first issue was published, and would continue to #261 in April 1987, which was the final issue. Throughout the years, various incarnations or subsections of the team have operated as Justice League America, Justice League Europe, Justice League International, Justice League Task Force, Justice League Elite, and Extreme Justice.
Various comic book series featuring the Justice League have remained generally popular with fans since inception and in most incarnations, its roster includes DC's most popular characters. The Justice League concept has also been adapted into various other entertainment media, including the classic Saturday morning Super Friends animated series (1973–1986), an unproduced Justice League of America live-action series, and most recently the animated series Justice League (2001–2004) and Justice League Unlimited (2004–2006). A live-action film was in the works in 2008 before being shelved.
Contents |
Publication history[link]
[edit] Silver and Bronze Age / Justice League of America
| Justice League of America | |
|---|---|
| 250x450px Cover to Justice League of America #1. Art by Mike Sekowsky. |
|
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ongoing |
| Publication date | October 1960 – April 1987 |
| Number of issues | 261 |
| Creative team | |
| Writer(s) | Gardner Fox Dennis O'Neill Len Wein Steve Englehart Gerry Conway |
| Penciller(s) | Mike Sekowsky Dick Dillin George Pérez |
| Inker(s) | Sid Greene Dick Giordano Frank McLaughlin |
| Creator(s) | Gardner Fox Mike Sekowsky |
Having successfully reintroduced a number of their Golden Age superhero characters (Flash, Green Lantern, etc.) during the late 1950s, editor Julius Schwartz asked writer Gardner Fox to reintroduce the Justice Society of America. Schwartz, influenced by the popularity of Major League Baseball's National League and American League, decided to change the name of the team from Justice Society to Justice League.[1] The Justice League of America debuted in The Brave and the Bold #28 (February–March 1960),[2] and after two further appearances in that title, got their own series which quickly became one of the company's best-selling titles. Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky were the creative team for the title's first eight years. Sekowsky's last issue was #63 (June 1968) and Fox departed with #65 (September 1968). Schwartz was the new title's editor and would oversee it until 1979.[3]
The initial Justice League lineup included seven of the DC superheroes being published regularly at that time:Superman, Batman, Aquaman, Flash, Green Lantern, Martian Manhunter, and Wonder Woman. Superman and Batman barely featured in most of the stories, not even appearing on the cover most of the time. Three of DC's other surviving or revived characters, Green Arrow,[4] the Atom,[5] and Hawkman[6] were added to the roster over the next four years. The title's early success was indirectly responsible for the creation of the Fantastic Four. In his autobiography Stan Lee relates how, during a round of golf, DC publisher Jack Liebowitz mentioned to Marvel-Timely owner Martin Goodman how well DC's new book (Justice League) was selling. Later that day Goodman told Lee to come up with a team of superheroes for Marvel; Lee and Jack Kirby produced the Fantastic Four.[7][8]
The Justice League operated from a secret cave outside of the small town of Happy Harbor, Rhode Island. A teenager named Lucas "Snapper" Carr tagged along on missions, and he became both the team's mascot and an official member. Snapper, noted for speaking in beatnik dialect and snapping his fingers, helped the group defeat the giant space starfish Starro the Conqueror in the team's first appearance. The supervillain Doctor Light first battle the team in issue #12 (June 1962).[9] Justice League of America #21 and #22 (August–September 1963) saw the first team-up of the Justice League and the Justice Society of America as well as the first use of the term "Crisis" in reference to a crossover between characters.[10] The folowing year's team-up with the Justice Society introduced the threat of the Crime Syndicate of America of Earth-Three.[11] The character Metamorpho was offered membership in the Justice League but declined.[12] Following the departures of Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky, writer Denny O'Neil and artist Dick Dillin became the new creative team. Dillin would draw the title from issue #64 (August 1968) through #183 (October 1980)[13]
O'Neil reshaped the Justice League's membership by removing Wonder Woman in issue #69 and the Martian Manhunter in issue #71.[14] Following the JLA-JSA team-up in issues #73-74 and the death of her husband, the Black Canary decides to move to Earth-One to make a fresh start, where she joins the Justice League.[15] The following issue saw the character develop the superpower known as her "canary cry".[16] In issue #77 (December 1969), Snapper Carr is tricked into betraying the cave headquarters' secret location to the Joker, resulting in his resignation from the team as well.[17]
Satellite years[link]
Main article: Justice League Satellite
In need of a new secure headquarters, the Justice League moved into an orbiting satellite headquarters in Justice League of America #78 (February 1970).[18] The Elongated Man,[19] the Red Tornado,[20] Hawkwoman,[21] Zatanna,[22] and Firestorm[23] joined the team during this period, and Wonder Woman returned.
Len Wein wrote issues #100–114 wherein he and Dillin re-introduced the Seven Soldiers of Victory in issues #100-102[24] and the Freedom Fighters in issues #107-108.[25] In the fall of 1972, Wein and writers Gerry Conway and Steve Englehart crafted a metafictional unofficial crossover spanning titles from both major comics companies. Each comic featured Englehart, Conway, and Wein, as well as Wein's first wife Glynis, interacting with Marvel or DC characters at the Rutland Halloween Parade in Rutland, Vermont. Beginning in Amazing Adventures #16 (by Englehart with art by Bob Brown and Frank McLaughlin), the story continued in Justice League of America #103 (by Wein, Dillin and Dick Giordano), and concluded in Thor #207 (by Conway and penciler John Buscema). As Englehart explained in 2010, "It certainly seemed like a radical concept and we knew that we had to be subtle (laughs) and each story had to stand on its own, but we really worked it out. It's really worthwhile to read those stories back to back to back — it didn't matter to us that one was at DC and two were at Marvel — I think it was us being creative, thinking what would be really cool to do."[26][27][28] Libra, a supervillain created by Wein and Dillin in Justice League of America #111 (May–June 1974),[29] would play a leading role in Grant Morrison's Final Crisis storyline in 2008.
Writers Cary Bates and Elliot S. Maggin wrote themselves into the 1975 JLA-JSA crossover in issues #123 and 124 with Bates becoming a supervillain.[30][31]
Wonder Woman rejoined the team following a major two-year story arc largely written by Martin Pasko. To prove her worthiness to rejoin the JLA, Wonder Woman voluntarily underwent twelve trials analogous to the labors of Hercules, each of which was monitored in secret by a member of the JLA.[32] After the conclusion of the storyline in Wonder Woman #222, the character's return to the JLA occurred in a two-part story in Justice League of America #128-129 (March–April 1976).[33]
Steve Englehart wrote the series beginning with issue #139 and provided another unofficial crossover with Marvel Comics in issue #142 by reworking his character Mantis into the DC Universe as a character named "Willow".[34] Englehart left the title with issue #150.
Writer Gerry Conway had a lengthy association with the title as well. His first JLA story appeared in issue #125 (December 1975) and he became the series' regular writer with issue #151 (February 1978). With a few exceptions, Conway would write the team's adventures until issue #255 (October 1986).[35] Julius Schwartz, who had edited the title since the first issue, left the series as of issue #165 (April 1979).[3] The 1979 crossover with the Justice Society in issues #171 and 172 saw the death of the original Mister Terrific.[36] After Dick Dillin's death, George Pérez, Don Heck, and Rich Buckler would rotate as artist on the title. The double-sized anniversary issue #200 (March 1982) was a "jam" featuring a story written by Conway, a framing sequence drawn by Pérez, and chapters drawn by Pat Broderick, Jim Aparo, Dick Giordano, Gil Kane, Carmine Infantino, Brian Bolland, and Joe Kubert. Bolland's chapter gave the artist his "first stab at drawing Batman."[37] Pérez would leave the title as of issue #200[38] to concentrate on The New Teen Titans although he would contribute covers to the JLA through issue #220 (November 1983). The 1982 team-up with the Justice Society in issues #207-209 crossed over with All-Star Squadron #14-15.[39][40]
Detroit[link]
Seeking to capitalize on the popularity of their other team books, which focused upon heroes in their late teens/early 20s, Gerry Conway and artist Chuck Patton revamped the Justice League series. After most of the original heroes failed to arrive in order to help the team fend off an invasion of Martians, Aquaman dissolved the League and reformatted its charter to only allow heroes who would devote their full time to the roster.[41] The new team initially consisted of Aquaman, Zatanna, Martian Manhunter, Elongated Man, the Vixen, and a trio of teenage heroes Gypsy, Steel, and Vibe.[42] Aquaman would leave the team after a year and was replaced as leader by the Martian Manhunter. Because of his own edict of only wanting full-time heroes in the League, Aquaman's estranged wife Mera gave him an ultimatum to stay with either the group or with her to salvage their marriage.
Fan response to the series' new direction was largely negative and even the return of Batman to the team in Justice League of America #250 could not halt the decline of the series. Reader sentiment regarding this incarnation of the Justice League has since been metatextually reflected in the comics themselves. In volume 2 issue #31 (May 2009), Zatanna says, "With our current line-up we couldn't beat Justice League Detroit!" to which Dr. Light responds, "Don't be ridiculous. Everybody can beat Detroit!" The final storyline for the original Justice League of America series (#258-261) by writer J. M. DeMatteis and artist Luke McDonnell,[43] culminated a story-arc involving long-time Justice League enemy Professor Ivo's murders of Vibe and Steel and the resignations of Vixen, Gypsy, and the Elongated Man during the events of DC's Legends mini-series, which saw the team disband.
Modern incarnations[link]
[edit] Justice League International
Main articles: Justice League International and Justice League Europe
The 1986 company-wide crossover "Legends" concluded with the formation of a new Justice League. The new team was dubbed "Justice League" then "Justice League International" (JLI) and was given a mandate with less of an American focus. The new series, written by Keith Giffen and J. M. DeMatteis with art by Kevin Maguire[44] (and later Adam Hughes), added quirky humor to the team's stories. In this incarnation, the membership consisted partly of heroes from Earths that, prior to their merging in the Crisis on Infinite Earths, were separate. The initial team included Batman, Black Canary, Blue Beetle, Captain Marvel, Doctor Light (a new Japanese female character, emerging from the Crisis of Infinite Earths, not the supervillain who had appeared previously), Doctor Fate, Martian Manhunter, Mister Miracle, and Guy Gardner; and soon after inception, added Booster Gold, Captain Atom, Fire (then known as the Global Guardians' Green Flame), Ice (then known as the Global Guardians' Icemaiden), and two Rocket Reds (one was a Manhunter spy, and one was Dimitri Pushkin). The Giffen/DeMatteis team worked on Justice League for five years and closed out their run with the "Breakdowns" storyline in 1991 and 1992.[45] The series' humorous tone and high level of characterization proved very popular.
After Giffen and DeMatteis' departure, new writers gave the storylines a more serious tone. Though initially showing enough promise that DC created numerous spin-off titles, in the long run these incarnations of the League proved much less popular than the Giffen/DeMatteis era had. In 1996, the series was canceled, along with spinoffs Justice League Europe, Extreme Justice, and Justice League Task Force.
[edit] JLA
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) |
Main article: JLA (comic book)
| JLA | |
|---|---|
| 250x450px Cover for JLA #1. Art by Howard Porter and John Dell. |
|
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ongoing |
| Publication date | January 1997 – February 2006 |
| Number of issues | 125 |
| Creative team | |
| Writer(s) | Grant Morrison, Mark Waid, Joe Kelly, Denny O'Neil, Chuck Austen, Kurt Busiek, Geoff Johns, Allan Heinberg, Bob Harras |
| Penciller(s) | Howard Porter Bryan Hitch Doug Mahnke |
| Inker(s) | John Dell Paul Neary |
| Creator(s) | Grant Morrison Howard Porter |
The low sales of the various Justice League spinoff books prompted DC to revamp the League as a single team (all the various branch teams were disbanded) on a single title. A Justice League of America formed in the September 1996 limited series Justice League: A Midsummer's Nightmare by Mark Waid and Fabian Nicieza, which reunited the "Original Seven" of the League for the first time since Crisis on Infinite Earths. In 1997, DC Comics launched a new Justice League series titled JLA, written by Grant Morrison with art by Howard Porter and inker John Dell.[46]
This series, in an attempt at a "back-to-basics" approach, used as its core the team's original seven members (or their successors): Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Aquaman, Flash (Wally West), Green Lantern (Kyle Rayner), and the Martian Manhunter. Additionally, the team received a new headquarters, the "Watchtower", based on the Moon. JLA quickly became DC's best-selling title,[47] a position it enjoyed off and on for several years. [48]
Morrison introduced the idea of the JLA allegorically representing a pantheon of gods, with their different powers and personalities, incorporating such characters as Zauriel, Big Barda, Orion, Huntress, Barbara Gordon (Oracle), Steel (John Henry Irons), and Plastic Man. He also had temporaries as Aztek, Tomorrow Woman, and Green Arrow (Connor Hawke).
Under Morrison, the series pitted the League against a variety of enemies. These included White Martians, renegade angels, a new incarnation of the Injustice Gang led by Lex Luthor, and the Key. Other foes were the new villain Prometheus, the existing JLA villain Starro the Conqueror, "The Ultra-Marines", and a futuristic Darkseid. Morrison's run culminated in an arc title "World War III" which involves the New Gods preparing the Earth for battle against a creature known as "Maggedon", a super-sentient weapon of mass destruction.
Morrison departed with issue #41, after which the book saw runs by Mark Waid and Joe Kelly. Subsequent to this, the series switched to a series of rotating writers with issue #91 while Kelly (via JLA #100) was given a the mini-series Justice League Elite, which featured Green Arrow, Flash, and several other characters. The new format saw stories by John Byrne, Chuck Austen, and Kurt Busiek. Geoff Johns and Allan Heinberg would take over the book with #115, which saw a multi-part storyline that dealt with the aftermath of Identity Crisis, and served as a lead-in to the events of "Infinite Crisis", as Superboy-Prime destroyed the Watchtower at the end of issue #119. Bob Harras would ultimately write the book's final storyline (JLA #120-125) as Green Arrow struggled in vain to keep the League afloat.
[edit] 52
Main article: 52 (comics)
In 52 Week 24, Firestorm recruits a group to reform the Justice League. It consists of Firehawk, Super-Chief, Bulleteer, and Ambush Bug. They fight a deranged Skeets who takes Super-Chief's powers and kills him as well as numerous people given powers by Lex Luthor's Everyman Project. Afterward, Firestorm breaks up the team.
Also in the series, Luthor's new Infinity, Inc. was informally referred to as a "Justice League" in solicitations and on covers.
[edit] Justice League of America (vol. 2)
| Justice League of America (vol. 2) | |
|---|---|
| 250x450px Variant incentive cover for Justice League of America (vol. 2) #1 Art by Michael Turner. |
|
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ongoing |
| Publication date | August 2006 – August 2011 |
| Number of issues | 60 (including #0) as of August 2011 |
| Creative team | |
| Writer(s) | Brad Meltzer Dwayne McDuffie Len Wein James Robinson |
| Penciller(s) | Ed Benes Mark Bagley Brett Booth |
| Creator(s) | Brad Meltzer Ed Benes |
One year after the events of Infinite Crisis, Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman reunite in the Batcave to re-form the League in Justice League of America #0, the kick-off for a new series by Brad Meltzer and Ed Benes.[49] The series featured a roster which included Green Lantern (Hal Jordan), Black Canary, Red Arrow (Green Arrow's former sidekick), Red Tornado, Vixen, Black Lightning, and Hawkgirl. The first arc of the series focused upon Red Tornado and pitted the team against a new intelligent incarnation of Solomon Grundy and the rebuilt Amazo. The new incarnation of the team has two main headquarters, linked by a transporter. The first site is The Hall, which in mainstream DC Universe is a refurnished version of the Justice Society of America and the All-Star Squadron's former headquarters located in Washington, D.C. Black Canary is elected as the first official Chairperson after the fight against Amazo and Solomon Grundy, and led both the Justice League and Justice Society in a complex quest to reunite time-lost members of the pre-Crisis Legion of Super-Heroes, who had been sent back in time to free both Bart Allen and Flash from the other dimensional realm of the Speed Force. Meltzer left the series at the end of issue #12, with one of his subplots (Per Degaton, a pre-nuclear fire mutation version of Despero, and a circa 1948 version of the Ultra-Humanite gathering for an unknown plot) resolved in the pages of Booster Gold.
Dwayne McDuffie took over the writing job with the Justice League Anniversary Special and the main book with issue #13. Due to DC Comics seeking to launch a spin-off Justice League book led by Hal Jordan, the character was removed from the main League series and replaced by John Stewart. Firestorm also joined the roster, with the series entering into a series of tie-in storylines towards Countdown to Final Crisis, with the arrest of a large number of supervillains (gathered by Lex Luthor and Deathstroke to attack the League on the eve of the wedding of Black Canary and Green Arrow) setting up the Salvation Run tie-in miniseries. Also, roster members Red Tornado and Geo-Force were written out. McDuffie's initial issues received mixed reviews and experienced minor conroversy due to fan favorite Hal Jordan's removal in favor of Stewart. Jordan ended up being restored to the roster by issue #19 of the series, only to be removed once again by issue #31 once Justice League: Cry for Justice was completed and ready to be shipped.
Issue #21 saw the return of Libra and the Human Flame, setting up their appearances in Final Crisis. Later issues would resolve issues involving Vixen's power level increase and see the integration of the Milestone Comics characters the Shadow Cabinet and Icon, who fought the Justice League over the remains of the villainous Doctor Light. The group suffered greater losses during Final Crisis with the deaths of Martian Manhunter and Batman, as well as the resignations of Superman and Wonder Woman, who could no longer devote themselves full-time to the League due to the events of the New Krypton and Rise of the Olympian storylines in their respective titles. Hal Jordan would also resign as well, clearing the way for John Stewart's return to the team. Black Canary found herself declaring the League no more, though the group would continue with Canary taking a secondary role in the group. Her last act as leader would be assigning John Stewart and Firestorm the task of hunting down the Human Flame, for his part in the murder of Martian Manhunter, as seen in the Final Crisis Aftermath: Run! miniseries.
Vixen would take over the team, with Plastic Man rejoining the group. Len Wein wrote a three-part fill-in story for Justice League of America[50] that ran from #35 to #37. McDuffie was fired from the title before he could return, after discussion postings to the DC Comics message board, detailing behind-the-scenes creative decisions on his run, were republished in the rumor column "Lying In The Gutter".[51] James Robinson was announced as the new Justice League of America writer.[52]
Wein's fill-in run would be published as Justice League: Cry For Justice neared its conclusion, as Vixen and Black Canary's group (sans John Stewart) would confront Hal Jordan and Green Arrow's makeshift Justice League group, which had stumbled upon a plot by the villain Prometheus that had resulted in much death and carnage. During the confrontation over Jordan's group using torture to extract information from the villains being blackmailed into carrying out Prometheus' plan, both Roy Harper and Supergirl would discover that one of Jordan's heroes, Captain Marvel Jr., was really Prometheus in disguise. In the ensuing battle, the League would suffer horrible losses: Roy Harper was maimed and his daughter Lian and hundreds of thousands of people in Star City would be killed by a doomsday device Prometheus activated. Vixen would have her leg broken and Plastic Man would have his powers permanently scrambled, making him a slowly disintegrating puddle creature. To save other cities from being destroyed like Star City, the League reluctantly allowed Prometheus to go free. Green Arrow (with help from the Shade) would track down and kill Prometheus.
Following the events of "Blackest Night", Hal Jordan and Donna Troy begin the task of rebuilding the League, with Green Arrow, the Atom, Batman, Mon-El, Donna, Cyborg, Doctor Light, Starfire, Congorilla, and the Guardian.
At the end of issue #43, the majority of the new members leave for various reasons. Mon-El and the Guardian leave after Mon-El returns to the future, Black Canary returns to the Birds of Prey, Starfire leaves to join the R.E.B.E.L.S., Green Lantern leaves to locate the other Lantern Corps Entities, and Green Arrow is forced to leave due to his fugitive status. James Robinson revealed this was due having second thoughts about his decision to use so many characters, and revealed that the team would have a different roster in the coming months.[53] To replace the departed members, Jade and Jesse Quick were added to the team. Cyborg remained with the team in a reduced capacity, and was eventually given his own co-feature storyline for issues 48–50.[54]
DC announced that Saint Walker of the Blue Lantern Corps would be joining the Justice League during a tie-in to the Reign of Doomsday crossover, but the character did not become a full member due to the cancellation of the title.[55]
The series ended with issue #60 (October 2011), with the title being one of the numerous DC books cancelled after the Flashpoint crossover. The issue saw Batman disbanding the League due to most of the individual members becoming preoccupied with personal commitments.
The New 52[link]
| Justice League | |
|---|---|
| 250x450px Cover for Justice League (vol. 2) #1 (October 2011). Art by Jim Lee and Scott Williams. |
|
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ongoing |
| Publication date | August 2011 – present |
| Number of issues | 9 |
| Main character(s) | Justice League |
| Creative team | |
| Writer(s) | Geoff Johns |
| Penciller(s) | Jim Lee |
| Inker(s) | Scott Williams |
| Colorist(s) | Alex Sinclair |
| Creator(s) | Geoff Johns Jim Lee |
In September 2011, following the conclusion of the Flashpoint miniseries, all DC titles were canceled and relaunched from issue #1, with DC continuity being rebooted again. Justice League of America was relaunched as Justice League, written by Geoff Johns and drawn by Jim Lee, and was the first of the new titles released, coming out the same day as the final issue of Flashpoint.[56] The first six issues were set five years in the past and featured a brand new origin for the team,[57] while issue 7 and beyond will take place in the present day.[58]
The starting line-up of the team consists of Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern (Hal Jordan), Aquaman, the Flash (Barry Allen), and Cyborg,[59][60] while the Atom (Ryan Choi), Hawkman (Carter Hall), Firestorm (Ronnie Raymond), Green Arrow (Oliver Queen), Aquaman's wife Mera, Deadman, recently created character Element Woman,[61] and Lady Luck, a revamp of the Golden Age character, are set to join as additional members in the future.[62]
In addition to this series, two other Justice League-related titles were launched during the same month: a new Justice League International; written by Dan Jurgens and drawn by Aaron Lopresti;[63] featuring an initial roster of Batman, Booster Gold, Rocket Red (Gavril Ivanovich), Vixen, Green Lantern (Guy Gardner), Fire, Ice, August General in Iron,[64] and Godiva, and Justice League Dark; written by Peter Milligan and drawn by Mikel Janin; featuring a roster consisting of John Constantine, Shade, the Changing Man, Madame Xanadu, Deadman, Zatanna, and the new character Mindwarp.[65]
Various origins of the Justice League[link]
In a story told in flashback in Justice League of America #9 (February 1962), Earth was infiltrated by the Appelaxians.[66] Competing alien warriors were sent to see who could conquer Earth first to determine who will become the new ruler of their home planet. The aliens' attacks drew the attentions of Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash (Barry Allen), Green Lantern (Hal Jordan), Aquaman, and Martian Manhunter. While the superheroes individually defeated most of the invaders, the heroes fell prey to a single competitor's attack; only by working together were they able to defeat the competitor. For many years, the heroes heralded this adventure as the event that prompted them to agree to pool resources when confronted with similar menaces.
In Justice League of America #144 (July 1977), Green Arrow uncovered inconsistencies in the team's records[67] and extracted admissions from his colleagues that the seven founders had actually formed the League after the Martian Manhunter was rescued from Martian forces by the other six founders, along with several other heroes including Robin, Robotman, Congo Bill/Congorilla, Rex the Wonder Dog, and even Lois Lane. Green Lantern participated in this first adventure solely as Hal Jordan, due to the fact that he had yet to become the costumed hero at that time (the biggest inconsistency Arrow found, as they celebrated the earlier incident's date, while recounting only the later one's events). When the group formalized their agreement, they suppressed news of it because of anti-Martian hysteria. Because the heroes had not revealed their identities to each other at the time, they did not realize that Jordan and Green Lantern were one and the same when he turned up in costume during the event described in #9. While most subsequent accounts of the League have made little mention of this first adventure, the animated Justice League series adapted this tale as the origin of the Justice League as well.
Secret Origins (vol. 2) #32 (November 1988) updated Justice League of America #9's origin for post-Crisis continuity. Differences included the inclusion of the original Black Canary as a founding member and the absence of Batman, Wonder Woman, and Superman. The JLA: Year One limited series, by Mark Waid, Brian Augustyn, and Barry Kitson, further expanded upon the Secret Origins depiction.[68]
In Justice League Task Force #16 (Sept. 1994), during Zero Hour, an unknown superhuman named Triumph appeared. Triumph was revealed to have been a founding member of the Justice League and was their leader. On his first mission with the fledgling Justice League Triumph seemingly "saved the world" but was teleported into a dimensional limbo that also affected the timestream, resulting in no one having any memory of him.
In Infinite Crisis #7 (June 2006), the formation of "New Earth" (the new name for the post-Crisis Earth) restored Wonder Woman as a founding member of the Justice League. In Brad Meltzer's Justice League of America (vol. 2) #0 (September 2006), it was revealed that Superman and Batman were again founding members as well. 52 #51 (June 2007) confirmed that the 1989 Secret Origins and JLA: Year One origins were still in continuity at that time, with Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman joining the team with founding members' status shortly after the group's formation with Aquaman, Black Canary, Flash, Green Lantern, and Martian Manhunter.[69] In Justice League of America #12 (October 2007), the founding members of the Justice League were shown to be Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern (Hal Jordan), Flash (Barry Allen), Aquaman, and the Martian Manhunter.
With DC's history rewritten due to the Flashpoint limited series, an entirely new origin for the Justice League was introduced in the subsequent Justice League series which debuted with an October 2011 cover date as part of the company-wide event, The New 52. Issue #1 portrayed the first meeting between Batman and Hal Jordan, with the two encountering each other during a battle against a Parademon in Gotham City. After realizing the creature is extraterrestrial in origin, the two heroes head to Metropolis to seek out Superman and are attacked by him.[70] Later, after a brief fight in which the Flash arrives and Batman convinces Superman they are on the same side, they move to an abandoned building to work on analyzing a mysterious alien box, when it suddenly activates and more Parademons arrive.[71] While fighting the Parademons, Aquaman and Wonder Woman appear and join forces with the other heroes.[72] The mysterious box leads to Darkseid's arrival on Earth, and the heroes come together, along with newcomer Cyborg, to defeat him. The public are enamoured with the heroes, and a writer dubs the group the 'Justice League', following the Flash's suggestion of 'Super Seven'.[73]
Related series[link]
[edit] Formerly Known as the Justice League
Main article: Super Buddies
In 2003, Giffen, DeMatteis, and Maguire returned with a separate limited series called Formerly Known as the Justice League[74] with the same humor as their Justice League run, and featuring some of the same characters in a team called the "Super Buddies" (a parody of the Super Friends). A follow-up limited series, entitled I Can't Believe It's Not the Justice League, soon was prepared, although it was delayed due to the events shown in the Identity Crisis limited series, but was eventually released as the second arc in JLA: Classified. The Super Buddies consisted of Blue Beetle; Booster Gold; Captain Atom, Fire; Mary Marvel; the Elongated Man with his wife, Sue Dibny; Maxwell Lord; and L-Ron. The second story arc of JLA: Classified focuses on the Super Buddies in a humorous story that features Power Girl, Guy Gardner, and Doctor Fate.
[edit] JLA/Avengers
Main article: JLA/Avengers
In 2003-2004, George Pérez and Kurt Busiek produced a JLA/Avengers crossover,[75] an idea that had been delayed for 20 years for various reasons. In this limited series, the Justice League and the Avengers were forced to find key artifacts in one another's universe, as well as deal with the threats of villains Krona and the Grandmaster.
[edit] JLA: Classified
| JLA: Classified | |
|---|---|
| 250x450px Cover of JLA: Classified #1 by Ed McGuinness. |
|
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ended |
| Publication date | January 2005 - May 2008 |
| Number of issues | 54 |
| Creative team | |
| Writer(s) | various |
| Artist(s) | various |
| Creator(s) | Grant Morrison Ed McGuinness |
In 2004, DC began an anthology series titled JLA: Classified, which would feature rotating writers and artists producing self-contained story-arcs and aborted mini-series projects that were reappropriated for publication within the pages of the series, starring the JLA. While the bulk of the stories took place within the continuity of the series (circa JLA #76–113) some of the stories take place outside of regular DC Universe canon. The series was canceled as of issue #54 (May 2008).
[edit] Justice
Main article: Justice (DC Comics)
In October 2005, DC began publishing the 12-issue miniseries Justice by writer Jim Krueger, writer/illustrator Alex Ross, and artist Doug Braithwaite. The story, which takes place outside regular DC continuity, has Lex Luthor assembling the Legion of Doom after he and several other villains begin to have nightmares about the end of the world and the failures of the Justice League to prevent said apocalypse. As the Legion begins engaging in unprecedented humanitarian deeds throughout the world, they also launch a series of attacks on the Justice League and their families. The threat that the Legion was warned about destroying the Earth turns out to be caused by Brainiac, who seeks to destroy Earth during the chaos.
[edit] Justice League: Cry for Justice
Main article: Justice League: Cry for Justice
Originally a planned ongoing title, Justice League: Cry For Justice is a mini-series written by James Robinson and drawn by Mauro Cascioli. The mini-series, set after the events of Final Crisis, has Hal Jordan leaving the League following the deaths of Batman and Martian Manhunter, as their deaths have caused Hal to seek out a more proactive manner of dealing with super-villains. Hal, along with Green Arrow and later Supergirl, Captain Marvel Jr., and Batwoman are then recruited by Ray Palmer to investigate a murder of a former colleague carried out on orders from Prometheus. This ties into another string of murders, bringing Starman Mikaal Tomas and Congorilla together as their investigation of the murders of several European super-heroes are also revealed to be the work of Prometheus.
With help from the Hawkman villain I.Q., Prometheus plans on creating the ultimate weapon in mass murder, a massive doomsday device which he plans on using to destroy entire cities, as part of his revenge scheme against the JLA for lobotomizing him. Disguised as Captain Marvel Jr., Prometheus maims Roy Harper and brutally injuring JLA members Dr. Light II, Vixen, and Plastic Man while using the JLA Satellite to activate his doomsday device, which destroys Star City, killing 90,000 innocent civilians, including Roy Harper's young daughter Lian. Prometheus ultimately extorts his freedom from the League in exchange for the codes to shut down his weapon, much to the horror of the JLA members. Green Arrow (with help from reformed villain the Shade), tracks Prometheus down and kills him by firing an arrow into his head.
The mini-series leads directly into the formation of a brand new JLA roster with Green Lantern Hal Jordan, Donna Troy, Dick Grayson as Batman, Doctor Light (Kimiyo Hoshi), Mon-El, Cyborg, Starfire, Congorilla, Guardian, and Mikaal Tomas.
[edit] JLA/The 99
Main article: JLA/The 99
Launching in October 2010, JLA/The 99 was a crossover mini-series featuring the Justice League teaming up with the heroes of Teshkeel Comics' The 99 series. The JLA consisted of Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern (John Stewart), the Flash (Barry Allen), the Atom (Ray Palmer), Doctor Light (Kimiyo Hoshi), Hawkman, and Firestorm (Jason Rusch).
Awards[link]
The original Justice League of America series has won:
- 1961 Alley Awards for Best Comic Book
- 1961 Alley Awards for Best Adventure-Hero Group
- 1963 Alley Awards for Favorite Novel ("Crisis on Earth-One/Crisis on Earth-Two" in Justice League of America #21-22 by Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky)
- 1963 Alley Awards for Strip that Should Be Improved
- 1963 Alley Awards for Artist Preferred on Justice League of America (Murphy Anderson)
- 1973 Shazam Awards for Best Inker (Dramatic Division) (Dick Giordano)
Collected editions[link]
[edit] Silver Age Justice League of America
This series has been collected in the following:
| # | Title | Material collected |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Justice League of America Archives volume 1 | The Brave and the Bold #28-30, Justice League of America #1-6 |
| 2 | Justice League of America Archives volume 2 | Justice League of America #7-14 |
| 3 | Justice League of America Archives volume 3 | Justice League of America #15-22 |
| 4 | Justice League of America Archives volume 4 | Justice League of America #23-30 |
| 5 | Justice League of America Archives volume 5 | Justice League of America #31-38, #40* |
| 6 | Justice League of America Archives volume 6 | Justice League of America #41-47, #49-50* |
| 7 | Justice League of America Archives volume 7 | Justice League of America #51-57, #59-60* |
| 8 | Justice League of America Archives volume 8 | Justice League of America #61-66, #68-70* |
| 9 | Justice League of America Archives volume 9 | Justice League of America #71-80 |
| 10 | Justice League of America Archives volume 10 | Justice League of America #81-93 |
*omitted issues featured reprints of material from earlier Archives.
[edit] Justice League/Justice League International/Justice League America (1987–1996)
This series has been collected in the following hardcover collections:
| # | Title | Material collected |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Justice League International Volume 1 | Justice League #1-6, Justice League International (vol. 1) #7 |
| 2 | Justice League International Volume 2 | Justice League International (vol. 1) #8-14, Justice League Annual #1 |
| 3 | Justice League International Volume 3 | Justice League International (vol. 1) #15-22 |
| 4 | Justice League International Volume 4 | Justice League International (vol. 1) #23-25, Justice League America #26-30 |
| 5 | Justice League International Volume 5 | Justice League International Annual #2-3, Justice League Europe #1-6 |
| 6 | Justice League International Volume 6 | Justice League America #31-35, Justice League Europe #7-11 |
[edit] JLA (January 1997 – February 2006)
This series has been collected in the following trade paperbacks:
| # | Title | Material collected |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | New World Order | JLA #1-4 |
| 2 | American Dreams | JLA #5-9 |
| 3 | Rock of Ages | JLA #10-15 |
| 4 | Strength in Numbers | JLA #16-23, JLA Secret Files #2, Prometheus (one-shot) |
| 5 | Justice For All | JLA #24-33 |
| 6 | World War III | JLA #34-41 |
| 7 | Tower of Babel | JLA #42-46, JLA Secret Files #3, JLA 80-Page Giant #1 |
| 8 | Divided We Fall | JLA #47-54 |
| 9 | Terror Incognita | JLA #55-60 |
| 10 | Golden Perfect | JLA #61-65 |
| 11 | The Obsidian Age (Book 1) | JLA #66-71 |
| 12 | The Obsidian Age (Book 2) | JLA #72-76 |
| 13 | Rules of Engagement | JLA #77-82 |
| 14 | Trial By Fire | JLA #84-89 |
| 15 | The Tenth Circle | JLA #94-99 |
| 16 | Pain of the Gods | JLA #101-106 |
| 17 | Syndicate Rules | JLA #107-114, and a story from JLA Secret Files 2004 |
| 18 | Crisis of Conscience | JLA #115-119 |
| 19 | World Without a Justice League | JLA #120-125 |
This series has been collected in the following hardcover collections:
| # | Title | Material collected |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | JLA: The Deluxe Edition Vol. 1 | JLA #1-9, plus a story included in JLA: Secret Files and Origins #1 |
| 2 | JLA: The Deluxe Edition Vol. 2 | JLA #10-17, Prometheus (one-shot), plus JLA/WILDCATS |
| 3 | JLA: The Deluxe Edition Vol. 3 | JLA #22-26, 28-31 and 1,000,000 |
| 4 | JLA: The Deluxe Edition Vol. 4 | JLA #34, 36-41, JLA: Classified #1-3, JLA: Earth II |
[edit] Justice League of America (vol. 2) (August 2006 – August 2011)
This series has been collected in the following hardcover collections:
| # | Title | Material collected |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Tornado's Path | Justice League of America (vol. 2) #1-7 |
| 2 | The Lightning Saga | Justice League of America (vol. 2) #0, #8-12; Justice Society of America (vol. 3) #5-6 |
| 3 | The Injustice League | Justice League of America (vol. 2) #13-16; JLA Wedding Special #1 |
| 4 | Sanctuary | Justice League of America (vol. 2) #17-21 |
| 5 | The Second Coming | Justice League of America (vol. 2) #22-26 |
| 6 | When Worlds Collide | Justice League of America (vol. 2) #27-28, #30-34 |
| 7 | Team History | Justice League of America (vol. 2) #38-43 |
| 8 | The Dark Things | Justice League of America (vol. 2) #44-48; Justice Society of America (vol. 3) #41-42 |
| 9 | Omega | Justice League of America (vol. 2) #49-53 |
| 10 | The Rise of Eclipso | Justice League of America (vol. 2) #54-60 |
Miscellaneous reprints[link]
These trades don't reprint the series in a coherent fashion, but reprint themed issues.
| # | Title | Material collected |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Justice League of America Hereby Elects | Justice League of America #4, 75, 105-106, 146, 161, and 173-174 |
| 2 | JLA: The Greatest Stories Ever Told | Justice League of America #19, 77, 122 and 166-168, Justice League #1, JLA Secret Files #1 and JLA #61 |
| 3 | Crisis on Multiple Earths volume 1 | Justice League of America ##21-22, 29-30, 37-38 and 46-47 |
| 4 | Crisis on Multiple Earths volume 2 | Justice League of America #55-56, 64-65, 73-74 and 82-83 |
| 5 | Crisis on Multiple Earths volume 3 | Justice League of America #91-92, 100-102, 107-108 and 113 |
| 6 | Crisis on Multiple Earths volume 4 | Justice League of America #123-124, 135-137 and 147-148 |
| 7 | Crisis on Multiple Earths volume 5 | Justice League of America #159-160, 171-172 and 183-185 |
In other media[link]
Main article: Justice League in other media
See also[link]
Spin-off groups[link]
- Extreme Justice
- Justice Leagues
- Justice League Antarctica
- Justice League Elite
- Justice League Europe
- Justice League International
- Justice League Task Force
- Super Buddies
Theme Park Ride[link]
References[link]
- ^ Eury, Michael (2005). The Justice League Companion. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 1-893905-48-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=QxJPl_R0FtwC&pg=PA1938&dq=Justice+League+of+America+Companion+original+team's+name&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lj2CT5rONYmPgwewvLDCBw&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Justice%20League%20of%20America%20Companion%20original%20team's%20name&f=false. "The readers were more familiar with 'League' from the National League and the American League."
- ^ McAvennie, Michael; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "1960s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9. "Editor Julius Schwartz had repopulated the [superhero] subculture by revitalizing Golden Age icons like Green Lantern and the Flash..He recruited writer Gardner Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky, and together they came up with the Justice League of America, a modern version of the legendary Justice Society of America from the 1940s."
- ^ a b Julius Schwartz' run on the Justice League of America at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Fox, Gardner (w), Sekowsky, Mike (p), Sachs, Bernard (i). "Doom of the Star Diamond" Justice League of America 4 (April-May 1961)
- ^ Fox, Gardner (w), Sekowsky, Mike (p), Sachs, Bernard (i). "The Menace of the 'Atom' Bomb!" Justice League of America 14 (September 1962)
- ^ Fox, Gardner (w), Sekowsky, Mike (p), Sachs, Bernard (i). "Riddle of the Runaway Room!" Justice League of America 31 (November 1964)
- ^ Lee, Stan; Mair, George (May 7, 2002). Excelsior! The Amazing Life of Stan Lee. Fireside Books. ISBN 978-0-684-87305-3.
- ^ Apocryphal legend has it that in 1961, either Jack Liebowitz or Irwin Donenfeld of DC Comics (then known as National Periodical Publications) bragged about DC's success with the Justice League (which had debuted in The Brave and the Bold #28 [February 1960] before going on to its own title) to publisher Martin Goodman (whose holdings included the nascent Marvel Comics) during a game of golf. However, film producer and comics historian Michael Uslan partly debunked the story in a letter published in Alter Ego #43 (December 2004), pp. 43-44:
“ Irwin said he never played golf with Goodman, so the story is untrue. I heard this story more than a couple of times while sitting in the lunchroom at DC's 909 Third Avenue and 75 Rockefeller Plaza office as Sol Harrison and [production chief] Jack Adler were schmoozing with some of us ... who worked for DC during our college summers.... [T]he way I heard the story from Sol was that Goodman was playing with one of the heads of Independent News, not DC Comics (though DC owned Independent News). ... As the distributor of DC Comics, this man certainly knew all the sales figures and was in the best position to tell this tidbit to Goodman. ... Of course, Goodman would want to be playing golf with this fellow and be in his good graces. ... Sol worked closely with Independent News' top management over the decades and would have gotten this story straight from the horse's mouth. ” Goodman, a publishing trend-follower aware of the JLA's strong sales, confirmably directed his comics editor, Stan Lee, to create a comic-book series about a team of superheroes. According to Lee in Origins of Marvel Comics (Simon and Schuster/Fireside Books, 1974), p. 16:
“ Martin mentioned that he had noticed one of the titles published by National Comics seemed to be selling better than most. It was a book called The [sic] Justice League of America and it was composed of a team of superheroes. ... ' If the Justice League is selling ', spoke he, 'why don't we put out a comic book that features a team of superheroes?' ” - ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 105: "In a tale written by Gardner Fox, with art by Mike Sekowsky, Dr. Light's first [adventure] was almost the JLA's last."
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 109: "The two-part 'Crisis on Earth-One!' and 'Crisis on Earth-Two!' saga represented the first use of the term 'Crisis' in crossovers, as well as the designations 'Earth-1' and 'Earth-2'. In it editor Julius Schwartz, [writer Gardner] Fox, and artist Mike Sekowsky devised a menace worthy of the World's Greatest Heroes."
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 112: "Writer Gardner Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky crafted a tale in which the Crime Syndicate...ambushed the JLA on Earth-1."
- ^ Fox, Gardner (w), Sekowsky, Mike (p), Sachs, Bernard (i). "Metamorpho Says No!" Justice League of America 42 (February 1966)
- ^ Dick Dillin's run on Justice League of America at the Grand Comics Database. Dillin missed only the planned reprint issues #67, 76, 85 and 93; issue #153 which was pencilled by George Tuska; and issue #157 where Dillin provided the intro and epilogue pages while Juan Ortiz pencilled the main story.
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 133: "In less than a year on the Justice League of America series, scribe Denny O'Neil and artist Dick Dillin had made major changes to the team. Two issues after Wonder Woman left the JLA, the Martian Manhunter did the same."
- ^ O'Neil, Denny (w), Dillin, Dick (p), Greene, Sid (i). "Where Death Fears to Tread" Justice League of America 74 (September 1969)
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 135: "November [1969] saw Black Canary both relocate and develop her 'canary cry'...The crime-fighting beauty at the behest of writer Denny O'Neil and artist Dick Dillin, left the JSA on Earth-2 to join the JLA on Earth-1."
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 135: "As told by writer Denny O'Neil and artist Dick Dillin, the JLA suffered heartbreak at the hands of Snapper Carr...a disgraced Snapper resigned his JLA honorary membership."
- ^ O'Neil, Denny (w), Dillin, Dick (p), Giella, Joe (i). "The Coming of the Doomsters" Justice League of America 78 (February 1970)
- ^ Wein, Len (w), Dillin, Dick (p), Giordano, Dick (i). "Specter in the Shadows!" Justice League of America 105 (April-May 1973)
- ^ Wein, Len (w), Dillin, Dick (p), Giordano, Dick (i). "Wolf in the Fold!" Justice League of America 106 (July-August 1973)
- ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Inner Mission!" Justice League of America 146 (September 1977)
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "The Reverse-Spells of Zatanna's Magic" Justice League of America 161 (December 1978)
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "The Siren Song of the Satin Satan" Justice League of America 179 (June 1980)
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 152 "Through an impromptu team-up of the JLA and the Justice Society on Earth-2, writer Len Wein and artist Dick Dillin ushered in the return of DC's Seven Soldiers of Victory."
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 156 "The annual Justice League-Justice Society get-together resulted in scribe Len Wein and artist Dick Dillin transporting both teams to the alternate reality of Earth-X. There, Nazi Germany ruled after winning a prolonged World War II and only a group of champions called the Freedom Fighters remained to oppose the regime."
- ^ Larnick, Eric (October 30, 2010). "The Rutland Halloween Parade: Where Marvel and DC First Collided". ComicsAlliance.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/63ia1MoQZ. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- ^ Cronin, Brian (October 1, 2010). "Comic Book Legends Revealed #280". ComicBookResources.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/63iZZ9PQQ. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- ^ Amazing Adventures #16 (Jan. 1973), Justice League of America #103 (Dec. 1972), and Thor #207 (Jan. 1973) at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 160 "Through the words of scripter Len Wein and the art of Dick Dillin, the masked menace of Libra established himself as a grave threat to the World's Greatest Heroes."
- ^ Bates, Cary; Maggin, Elliot S. (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Where on Earth Am I?" Justice League of America 123 (October 1975), DC Comics
- ^ Bates, Cary; Maggin, Elliot S. (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Avenging Ghosts of the Justice Society!" Justice League of America 124 (November 1975), DC Comics
- ^ Jimenez, Phil; Wells, John (2010). The Essential Wonder Woman Encyclopedia. Del Rey. pp. 420–421. ISBN 0-345-50107-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=81F5RWxOdaAC&pg=PA420&lpg=PA420&dq=Wonder+Woman+twelve+trials+JLA&source=bl&ots=q7cPD2gJ_y&sig=o9FllV3flj9VT2xrJ2xsTlD3J4w&hl=en&ei=eXXRTpSlDIHg2QX60OTODw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&sqi=2&ved=0CGMQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Wonder%20Woman%20twelve%20trials%20JLA&f=false. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 169: "The Justice League officially reinstated Wonder Woman in issue #222 of her own series. However, her meeting with the JLA within the pages of their comic [Justice League of America #128] didn't go well, thanks to writer Martin Pasko and artist Dick Dillin."
- ^ Cronin, Brian (September 15, 2005). "Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #16!". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 21, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/675lCCd7F. Retrieved April 21, 2012. "Englehart next began a run on Justice League of America, and in issue #142, Mantis showed up! Only this time, she was calling herself Willow."
- ^ Gerry Conway's run on Justice League of America at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 182: "Writer Gerry Conway and artist Dick Dillin crafted a tale of foul play aboard the JLA satellite, during the team's annual get-together with Earth-2's JSA. Mr. Terrific...was murdered before he could expose a turncoat among the heroes."
- ^ Bolland, Brian; Pruett, Joe ed. (2006). The Art of Brian Bolland. Image Comics. p. 130. ISBN 1-58240-603-0.
- ^ George Pérez' run on Justice League of America at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 198: "The Justice League of America teamed up with the Justice Society of America on a large-scale with 'Crisis on Earth-Prime', a five-part saga that crossed from the pages of Justice League of America into All-Star Squadron."
- ^ Thomas, Roy (2000). "The Justice League-Justice Society Team-Ups". The All-Star Companion. TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 191–192. ISBN 1-893905-05-5. Justice League of America #207-209 (Oct.-Dec. 1982) and All-Star Squadron #14-15 (Oct.-Nov. 1982)
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Patton, Chuck (p), Hunt, Dave (i). "--The End of the Justice League!" Justice League of America Annual 2 (1984)
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 209 "The prestigious Justice League of America got a bit easier to join, thanks to writer Gerry Conway and artist Chuck Patton. Marking the debut of camouflaging hero Gypsy, the shockwave-casting Vibe, and the second generation hero Steel, this landmark comic saw many of the more famous League members step down in order to make way for a younger roster to carry on their legacy."
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 226: "Alongside artist Luke McDonnell, DeMatteis crafted a dramatic four-part finale to the first series of DC's premier team of superheroes."
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 228: "It was clear that the [Justice League] needed a major overhaul. But no one quite expected how drastic the transformation would truly be in the hands of writers Keith Giffen and J. M. DeMatteis and artist Kevin Maguire."
- ^ Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 251: "The lauded Giffen/DeMatteis era of the Justice League came to a dramatic close with "Breakdowns", a sixteen-part storyline that crossed through the pages of both Justice League America and Justice League Europe."
- ^ Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 278: "JLA #1 hit the stands, enthralling readers with its compelling, fast-paced story by writer Grant Morrison, and showcasing the art of talented relative newcomer Howard Porter"
- ^ Miller, John Jackson (2007). "North American Comics Market Estimates for January 1997". Comics Buyer's Guide. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://web.archive.org/web/20090501091723/http://www.cbgxtra.com/Default.aspx?tabid=1670. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 278: "Renewed as one of DC's most popular titles, JLA ran for 125 issues before its next relaunch. Earning countless spin-off miniseries and specials, the Justice League reclaimed its place atop DC's hit titles list."
- ^ Cowsill, Alan "2000s" in Dolan, p. 326: "After the success of Identity Crisis, best-selling novelist Brad Meltzer was given the job of relaunching the Justice League of America in the title's second series. With Ed Benes providing the pencils, Meltzer stripped the Justice League back to basics."
- ^ Renaud, Jeffrey (April 22, 2009). "Len Wein Talks JLA Two-Parter". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://web.archive.org/web/20090426034734/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=20900. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Parkin, JK (May 28, 2009). "Dwayne McDuffie fired from Justice League". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://web.archive.org/web/20090602184535/http://robot6.comicbookresources.com/2009/05/dwayne-mcduffie-fired-from-justice-league/. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Segura, Alex (June 18, 2009). "Some news for you: Robinson, Bagley step aboard Justice League of America". The Source. DC Comics.com. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://web.archive.org/web/20090622121514/http://dcublog.dccomics.com/2009/06/18/some-news-for-you-robinson-bagley-step-aboard-justice-league-of-america/. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Evans, Chris (April 5, 2010). "WC10: Spotlight on James Robinson". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://web.archive.org/web/20100411194900/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=25567. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Manning, Shaun (April 17, 2010). "C2E2: DC Universe Panel". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://web.archive.org/web/20100420063532/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=25804. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Rogers, Vaneta (December 22, 2010). "Black & Blue: James Robinson on the JLA's New Members". Newsarama. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://web.archive.org/web/20110628181208/http://www.newsarama.com/comics/james-robinson-justice-league-new-members-101222.html. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Hyde, David (May 31, 2011). "DC Comics Announces Historic Renumbering of All Superhero Titles and Landmark Day-and-Date Digital Distribution". DC Comics. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/66mXWKuxp. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Truitt, Brian (May 31, 2011). "DC Comics unleashes a new universe of superhero titles". USA Today. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/66mXuJQIJ. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ "Justice League #7". DC Comics. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/65EbWQjlH. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ Siegel, Lucas (May 31, 2011). "Updated: DC Universe Reboots in September". Newsarama. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/65Ebwc9Qy. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ Moore, Ben (May 31, 2011). "DC Universe To Be Rebooted; How Will It Affect the Justice League Film?". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/66mYOG2P4. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Ching, Albert (July 23, 2011). "SDCC 2011: DC Focus - Jim Lee - Live!". Newsarama. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/66mYlyd4l. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Siegel, Lucas (July 23, 2011). "SDCC 2011: DC Comics - The New 52 Saturday Live". Newsarama. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/66mZ6YM7Q. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Rogers, Vaneta (August 17, 2011). "The DCnU Take 2: Justice League International". Newsarama. Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/65kVIR0bY. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
- ^ Hyde, David (June 2, 2011). "The New Justice". DC Comics. Archived from The New Justice the original on April 8, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/66mZTROVT. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ Tucker, Ken (June 7, 2011). "A new Swamp Thing, a new Frankenstein, and more: DC Comics will roll out more new #1s". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/66mZydS4O. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 104: "While celebrating their anniversary as a team, the Justice League shared their origin with Snapper Carr and new member Green Arrow. When representatives of the planet Appellax sought to conquer Earth, they drew the individual attentions of the Flash, Green Lantern, Aquaman, Wonder Woman, and the Martian Manhunter."
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 174: "Green Arrow thought he had learned the Justice League of America's origin back in issue #9...Now, he found inconsistencies in the story. Writer Steve Englehart and artist Dick Dillin revealed the truth as told by former JLA member J'onn J'onzz."
- ^ Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 282: "It was up to writers Mark Waid and Brian Augustyn and artist Barry Kitson to fill in the blanks. With their twelve-issue maxiseries JLA: Year One, the trio examined the early days of the team...JLA: Year One proved a success, and cleaned up decades of convoluted comic history."
- ^ Waid, Mark; Reis, Ivan; Albert, Oclair. "The Origin of the Justice League of America". DC Comics.com. https://read.dccomics.com/comixology/#/view/22970/The-Origin-of-the-Justice-League-of-America. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Lee, Jim (p), Williams, Scott (i). "Justice League Part One" Justice League v2, 1 (October 2011)
- ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Lee, Jim (p), Williams, Scott (i). "Justice League Part Two" Justice League v2, 2 (December 2011)
- ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Lee, Jim (p), Williams, Scott (i). "Justice League Part Three" Justice League v2, 3 (January 2012)
- ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Lee, Jim (p), Williams, Scott (i). "Justice League Part Six" Justice League v2, 6 (April 2012)
- ^ Cowsill "2000s" in Dolan, p. 311: "In 2003, writers J. M. DeMatteis and Keith Giffen and original artist Kevin Maguire worked on a six-part series reuniting [their version of] the team."
- ^ Cowsill "2000s" in Dolan, p. 311 "[JLA/Avengers] was an event that...proved to be one of the biggest and best of the DC and Marvel crossovers, incorporating many of the two companies' greatest heroes and villains."
External links[link]
- Justice League at DC Comics.com
- Justice League of America at Don Markstein's Toonopedia WebCitation Archive
- The Justice League Library
- Justice League: Mortal at the Internet Movie Database
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http://fr.wn.com/Ligue de justice d'Amérique
http://nl.wn.com/Justice League
http://pt.wn.com/Liga da Justiça
http://de.wn.com/Gerechtigkeitsliga
http://it.wn.com/Justice League of America
http://pl.wn.com/Justice League
http://id.wn.com/Justice League of America
http://es.wn.com/Liga de la Justicia
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_League
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
