Markus Antonius Rogan (born 4 May 1982 in Vienna) is an Austrian swimmer, who won two silver medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece and a gold medal for 200 m backstroke at the 2008 World Championships in Manchester. He also is the world record holder in 200 metres backstroke (short course).

Rogan's first big international success was a second place finish in the 200 m backstroke at the 2001 World Championships in Fukuoka, Japan.

In the Olympics in 2004, Rogan placed second in both men's 100 m backstroke and the men's 200 m backstroke, both times behind Aaron Peirsol of the United States. The 200 metre race was controversial as Peirsol was first disqualified but later reinstated as gold medalist.

As a teenager, the 6 ft 5 in tall Rogan swam for Mount Vernon High School (Alexandria, Virginia) in Fairfax County, Virginia, where he trained with the Curl-Burke Swim Club. In July 2000, he cut short his final season of the Northern Virginia Swim League, swimming for the Mansion House Piranhas (of Mount Vernon), and flew to Australia where he competed in the 2000 Sydney Olympics, failing to advance beyond the heats in the backstroke. He earned a scholarship to attend Stanford University from 2000-2004. On 8 December 2005, in Trieste, Markus set a new world record in the 200 m backstroke for short course swim pools, with 1:50.43. This world record was then broken by American swimmer Ryan Lochte, who lowered the standard to 1:49.05 at the 2006 FINA Short Course World Championships in Shanghai, China. Back on the short course in Manchester 2008, Rogan broke the world record again on 13 April 2008, setting the new record with 1:47.84, with Lochte finishing second by seven one-hundredths of a second (also under the old world record). Both swimmers were wearing the new Speedo LZR Racer swimsuit.

Ryan Steven Lochte (born August 3, 1984) is an American swimmer and a six-time Olympic medalist (three gold, two silver, one bronze). As part of the American team, he holds the world record in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay (long course). Individually, he currently holds the world record in the 200-meter individual medley (long and short course) and the 400-meter individual medley (short course).

Lochte's success has earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award and the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice. He has also been named the FINA Swimmer of the Year twice. He has won a total of fifty-seven medals in major international competition, thirty-seven gold, eleven silver, and nine bronze spanning the Olympics, the World, Pan American, and the Pan Pacific Championships.

Lochte specializes in the backstroke and individual medley, but is also a freestyle swimmer. He is noted for the speed and distance he attains while kicking underwater. Lochte is also known for his dominance in the short course format (25-yard long swimming pool).