Glam metal (also known as hair metal^[3] and often used synonymously with pop metal^[4]) is a subgenre of hard rock^[3] and heavy metal that arose in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States, particularly on the Los Angeles Sunset Strip music scene. It was popular throughout the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, combining the flamboyant look of glam rock and playing a power-chord-based heavy metal musical style. The genre rapidly lost mainstream interest from 1991 to 1993 with the rise of grunge and the release of albums such as Nirvana's Nevermind, but it has enjoyed revivals since the beginning of the new millennium.

Characteristics[link]

Twisted Sister were one extreme of the glam metal look with long shaggy or backcombed hair, accessories, metal studs and leather, and makeup during their live performances.

Musically, glam metal uses traditional hard rock and heavy metal songs, incorporating elements of punk rock,^[5] while adding pop-influenced catchy hooks and guitar riffs.^[4][6] Like other heavy metal songs of the 1980s, they often feature shred guitar solos.^[7] Aesthetically glam metal draws heavily on the glam rock or glitter rock of the 1970s,^[8] often with very long backcombed hair, use of make-up, gaudy clothing and accessories (chiefly consisting of tight denim or leather jeans, spandex, and headbands).^[9] The visual aspects of glam metal appealed to music television producers, particularly MTV, whose establishment coincided with the rise of the genre.^[10] Glam metal performers became infamous for their debauched lifestyles of late-night parties, which were widely covered in the tabloid press.^[11]

Terminology[link]

Pop metal is routinely used as a synonym to glam metal but sometimes refers to a related but separate movement, especially according to Allmusic and Canadian anthropologist Sam Dunn. Allmusic refers to glam metal as hair metal, whose characteristics are flashy clothing and heavy makeup (as embodied by Poison, Twisted Sister and Mötley Crüe),^[3] whereas pop metal refers to the whole pop-tinted hard rock and heavy metal scene of the 1980s (including Def Leppard, Bon Jovi, Europe).^[4] In the "definitive metal family tree" of his documentary Metal: A Headbanger's Journey, anthropologist Sam Dunn also differentiates glam and pop metal, with glam metal bands including Mötley Crüe, Twisted Sister and Hanoi Rocks, while pop metal bands include Def Leppard, Europe, and Whitesnake.^[12]

Hair metal is a derogatory, derisive umbrella term encompassing the whole 1980s glam metal scene; use of the term started in the early 1990s, as grunge took over the popularity at the expense of 1980s metal. However, the term is used in a non- or semi-derogatory sense by Allmusic to refer to glam metal.^[3]

Origins[link]

Cheap Trick, one of the formative influences on the genre, playing at Charlotte, N.C in 1978.

Stephen Davis claims the influences of the style can be traced back to acts like Aerosmith, Kiss, Boston, Cheap Trick, and The New York Dolls.^[13] Particularly Kiss, but also the shock rock style of such acts as Alice Cooper, served as a major influence on the genre.^[14] Finnish band Hanoi Rocks have been credited with setting a blueprint for the look of hair metal.^[15]

Van Halen has been seen as highly influential on the movement, emerging in 1978 from the Los Angeles music scene on Sunset Strip, with a sound based around the lead guitar skills of Eddie Van Halen. He popularized a playing technique of two‐handed hammer‐ons and pull‐offs called tapping, showcased on the song "Eruption" from the album Van Halen.^[5] This sound, and lead singer David Lee Roth's stage antics, would be highly influential on glam metal, although Van Halen would never fully adopt a glam aesthetic.^[16]

Often categorized with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, in 1981 Def Leppard released their second album High 'n' Dry, mixing glam-rock with heavy metal, and helping to define the sound of hard rock for the decade.^[17] Their follow-up album Pyromania (1983), certified Diamond by the RIAA having sold over 10 million copies in the US, reached number 2 on the Billboard 200, and the singles "Foolin'", "Photograph", and "Rock of Ages", helped by the emergence of MTV, reached the Top 40.^[17][18][19] It was widely emulated, particularly by the emerging Californian scene.^[6]

First wave (1981–84)[link]

Kix performing in 1983.

In the early 1980s a number of bands from across the US began to move towards what would become the glam metal sound, including Kix from Western Maryland, who released their eponymous debut in 1981.^[20] From San Francisco Night Ranger's first album Dawn Patrol (1982), reached the top 40 in the US, but their breakthrough album was 1983's Midnight Madness, which included the top five single "Sister Christian".^[21] From New York Twisted Sister, originally formed as a glam rock band in 1972, released their first album, Under the Blade in 1982.^[22]

The most active scene was in the clubs on Sunset Strip, Los Angeles, including The Trip, the Whisky a Go Go, and Starwood, all of which began to avoid booking punk rock bands because of fears of violence, and were colonized by metal bands, usually on a "pay to play" basis, creating a vibrant scene for hard rock music.^[5][23] One of the first groups to emerge from this scene were Mötley Crüe, with their albums Too Fast for Love (1981) and Shout at the Devil (1983).^[24] Quiet Riot's US debut Metal Health (1983) was the first glam metal album, and arguably the first heavy metal album, to reach number one in the Billboard music charts and helped open the doors for mainstream success by subsequent bands.^[25]

Increasing numbers of L.A. bands were able to produce début albums in 1984, including Ratt with their breakthrough Out of the Cellar (1984),^[26] Dokken with Breaking the Chains (1983),^[27] and W.A.S.P. with their eponymous album.^[28] In addition Black 'n Blue, formed in Portland, Oregon released their eponymous debut^[29] and New York-based Danish band White Lion produced Fight to Survive (1985).^[30] All of these bands played a prominent part in the developing the overall look and sound of glam metal.^[5]

Second wave (1985–91)[link]

Stryper, the first band to bring Christian rock to the genre, onstage in 1986.

By the mid-1980s, glam metal had begun to be a major mainstream success. Los Angeles continued to foster the most important scene around the Sunset Strip, with groups like London, which had originally formed as a glam rock band in the 1970s, and had seen future members of Mötley Crüe, Cinderella and Guns N' Roses pass through its ranks, finally releasing their début album Non Stop Rock in 1985.^[31] Philadelphia also produced successful bands, with Poison and Cinderella releasing their multi-platinum début albums, respectively Look What the Cat Dragged In and Night Songs in 1986.^[32][33] Stryper, formed in 1983 in Orange County, California, made their mainstream breakthrough in 1986 with their platinum album To Hell with the Devil and brought Christian lyrics to their hard rock music style and glam metal looks.^[34] Van Halen released 5150 (1986), their first album with Sammy Hagar on lead vocals, which was number one in the U.S. for three weeks and sold over 6 million copies.^[16] The anthemic The Final Countdown (1986) by Swedish group Europe reached the top ten in several countries, including the U.S. and while the title single hit number one in 26 countries.^[35]

The most commercially significant release of the era was Bon Jovi from New Jersey, with Slippery When Wet (1986), which mixed hard rock with a pop sensitivity, and spent a total of 8 weeks at the top of the Billboard 200 album chart, selling over 12 million copies. It became the first hard rock album to spawn three top 10 singles, two of which reached number one.^[36] The album has been credited with widening the audience for the genre, particularly by appealing to women as well as the traditional male dominated audience, and opening the door to MTV and commercial success for other bands at the end of the decade.^[37] During the mid-to-late 1980s, glam metal bands were in heavy rotation on the channel, often at the top of MTV's daily dial countdown, and some of the bands appeared on the channel's shows such as Headbanger's Ball, which became one of the most popular programs with over 1.3 million views a week.^[10][38] The groups also received heavy rotation on radio stations such as KNAC in Los Angeles.^[39] By the second half of the decade, despite mostly negative critical reviews and being shunned by certain sections of the music industry,^[40] glam metal had become the most reliable form of commercial popular music in the United States.^[41]

Original member Izzy Stradlin' on stage with Guns N' Roses in 2006.

Mötley Crüe with Girls, Girls, Girls (1987) continued their run of commercial success,^[24] and Def Leppard with Hysteria (1987) hit their commercial peak, the latter producing a hard rock record of seven hit singles.^[17] L.A. band Faster Pussycat released their eponymous début, but the greatest success was Guns N' Roses, originally formed from a fusion of bands L.A. Guns and Hollywood Rose, who released the best-selling début of all time, Appetite for Destruction (1987). With a "grittier" and "rawer" sound than most glam metal, it produced three top 10 hits, including the number one "Sweet Child O' Mine".^[42] Such was the dominance of the style that Californian hardcore punk band T.S.O.L. moved towards a glam metal sound in this period.^[43][44]

In the last years of the decade the most notable successes were New Jersey (1988) by Bon Jovi,^[45] OU812 (1988) by Van Halen,^[16] while Open Up and Say... Ahh! (1988) by Poison, spawned number one hit single "Every Rose Has Its Thorn", and eventually sold eight million copies worldwide.^[32][46] Britny Fox from Philadelphia^[47] and Winger from New York^[48] released their eponymous débuts in 1988. In 1989 Mötley Crüe's produced their most commercially successful album, the multi-platinum number one Dr. Feelgood.^[24] In the same year eponymous débuts included Danger Danger from New York^[49] and Dangerous Toys from Austin, Texas, who provided more of a Southern rock tone to the genre.^[50] L.A. débuts included Warrant with Dirty Rotten Filthy Stinking Rich (1989),^[51] and Skid Row with their eponymous album (1989), which reached number six in the Billboard 200, but they were to be one of the last major bands that emerged in the glam metal era.^[52]

Glam metal entered the 1990s as one of the major commercial genres of popular music. In 1990 débuts for Slaughter, from Las Vegas with Stick It to Ya^[53] and Firehouse, from North Carolina, with their eponymous album reached number 18 and number 21 on the Billboard 100 respectively, but it would be the peak of their commercial achievement.^[54] Guns N' Roses' Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II (both in 1991)^[42] and Van Halen's For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge (1991) showcased the genre's popularity.^[16] In 1992, Def Leppard followed up 1987's Hysteria with Adrenalize, which went multi-platinum, spawned four Top 40 singles and held the number one spot on the U.S. album chart for five weeks, the only hard rock album to reach that position that year.^[55]

Decline (1992–97)[link]

W.A.S.P. performing live in Stavanger, Norway in 2006.

The 1988 film The Decline of Western Civilization Part II: The Metal Years captured the L.A. scene of successful and aspiring bands. It also highlighted the excesses of glam metal, particularly the scene in which W.A.S.P. guitarist Chris Holmes was interviewed while drinking vodka on an inflatable raft in a swimming pool as his mother watched. As a result it has been seen as helping to create a backlash against the genre.^[56][57] In the early 1990s glam metal's popularity rapidly declined after nearly a decade of success. Several music writers and musicians began to deride glam metal acts as "hair farmers,"^[58][59] hinting at the soon-to-be-popularized term hair metal. Another reason for the decline in popularity of the style may have been the changing popularity of the power ballad, a slow, emotional song that gradually builds to a strong finale.^[60] While the use of the power ballad, especially after a hard-rocking anthem, was initially a successful formula, in the late 1980s and early 1990s audiences lost interest in this approach.^[61]

One significant factor in the decline was the rise of grunge music from Seattle, with bands including Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam and Soundgarden. This was particularly obvious after the success of Nirvana's Nevermind (1991), which combined elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal into a dirty sound that made use of heavy guitar distortion, fuzz and feedback, along with darker lyrical themes, a stripped-down aesthetic and a complete rejection of the glam metal visual style and performance.^[3][62] Many major labels felt they had been caught off-guard by the surprise success of grunge and had begun turning over their personnel in favor of younger staffers more versed in the new scene. As MTV shifted its attention to the new style, glam metal bands found themselves relegated more and more often to and late night airplay, and Headbanger's Ball was cancelled at the end of 1994,^[38] while KNAC went over to Spanish programming.^[39] Given glam metal's lack of a major format presence on radio, bands were left without a clear way to reach their audience. Other alternative rock bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Jane's Addiction also helped further supplant the popularity of the genre.^[63]

Following the ascent of alternative rock, glam metal lost popular support. Some artists tried to alter their sound, while others retained the glam metal aesthetic with no benefit.^[3] In 1995 Van Halen released Balance, a multi-platinum seller that would be the band's last with Sammy Hagar on vocals. In 1996 David Lee Roth returned briefly and his replacement, former Extreme singer Gary Cherone, was fired soon after the release of the commercially unsuccessful 1998 album Van Halen III and Van Halen would not tour or record again until 2004.^[16] Guns N' Roses' original lineup was whittled away throughout the decade. Drummer Steven Adler was fired in 1990, guitarist Izzy Stradlin left in late 1991 after recording Use Your Illusion I and II with the band. Tensions between the other band members and lead singer Axl Rose continued after the release of the 1993 covers album The Spaghetti Incident?. Guitarist Slash left in 1996, followed by bassist Duff McKagan in 1998. Axl Rose, the only original member, worked with a constantly-changing lineup in recording an album that would take over ten years to complete.^[42]

Revival (1998–present)[link]

The Darkness performing in Sydney, Australia in 2004.

During the late 1990s and the 2000s glam metal began to enjoy something of a revival, with some established acts managing to weather the storm, others reforming and new bands emerging to emulate the glam metal style. Bon Jovi were still able to achieve a commercial hit with "It's My Life" (2000).^[45] They branched into country music with a version of their 2005 song "Who Says You Can't Go Home", which reached number one on the Hot Country Singles chart in 2006 and the rock/country album Lost Highway which reached number one in 2007. In 2009, Bon Jovi released another number one album, The Circle, which marked a return to their hard rock sound.^[45]

Mötley Crüe reunited with Vince Neil to record the 1997 album Generation Swine^[24] and Poison reunited with guitarist C.C. DeVille in 1999, producing the mostly live Power to the People (2000),^[32] both bands began to tour extensively. There were reunions and subsequent tours from Van Halen (with Hagar in 2004 and then Roth in 2007),^[16] The long awaited Guns N' Roses album Chinese Democracy was finally released in 2008, but only went platinum, produced no hit singles, and failed to come close to the success of the band's late 1980s and early 1990s material.^[64]

Europe's "Final Countdown" enjoyed a new lease of popularity as the millennium drew to a close and the band reformed.^[65] Other acts to reform included Ratt,^[26] Britny Fox,^[66] Stryper (annually),^[34] and Skid Row^[52] Beginning in 1999, Monster Ballads, a series of compilation albums that feature popular power ballads, usually from the glam metal genre, capitalized on the nostalgia, with the first volume going platinum.^[67] The VH1 sponsored Rock Never Stops Tour, beginning in 1998, has seen many glam metal bands take to the stage again, including on the inaugural tour Warrant, Slaughter, Quiet Riot, FireHouse, and L.A. Guns. Slaughter also took part in the 1999 version with Ted Nugent, Night Ranger, and Quiet Riot.^[68] Poison and Cinderella toured together in 2000 and 2002 and in 2005 Cinderella headlined the Rock Never Stops Tour, with support from Ratt, Quiet Riot, and FireHouse.^[33] In 2007 the four-day long Rocklahoma festival held in Oklahoma included glam metal bands Poison, Ratt and Twisted Sister.^[69] Warrant and Cinderella co-headlined the festival in 2008.^[70] Nostalgia for the genre was evidenced in the production of glam metal themed musical Rock of Ages, which ran for in Los Angeles in 2006^[71] and in New York in 2008.^[72]

Glam metal experienced a partial resurgence around the turn of the century, due in part to increased interest on the internet, with the successful 'Glam Slam Metal Jam' music festival taking place in the summer of 2000.^[1][2] By the early 2000s, a handful of new bands began to revive glam metal in one form or another. The Darkness's Permission to Land (2003), described as an "eerily realistic simulation of '80s metal and '70s glam",^[73] topped the UK charts, going quintuple platinum. One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back (2005) reached number 11, before the band broke up in 2006.^[74] Los Angeles band Steel Panther managed to gain a following by playing 80s style glam metal.^[75] In Sweden the sleaze rock movement attempted to revive the genre, with bands including Vains of Jenna,^[76], Crashdïet^[77] and H.E.A.T.^[78] Other new acts included Beautiful Creatures^[79] and Buckcherry, whose breakthrough album 15 (2006) went platinum and spawned the single "Sorry" (2007), which made the top 10 of the Billboard 100.^[80] Former post-hardcore bands, such as Black Veil Brides^[81] and Blessed by a Broken Heart,^[82] have changed their style to be glam metal inspired, both musically and visually.

See also[link]

• List of glam metal bands
• 2011 in hard rock
• 2012 in hard rock

References[link]

• Macdonald, Bruno; Harrington, Jim (2006). Dimery, Robert. ed. 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Quintet Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7333-2784-2. 
• Davis, Stephen (2008). Watch You Bleed: The Saga of Guns N' Roses. Gotham Books. ISBN 978-1-59240-377-6. 
• Scaruffi, Piero (2003). A History of Rock Music:1951-2000. ¡Universe, Inc.. ISBN 0-595-29565-7. 

Notes[link]

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Rebecca Black
Rebecca Black in November 2011
Background information
Birth name	Rebecca Renee Black
Born	(1997-06-21) June 21, 1997 (age 15) Irvine, California, U.S.[1]
Genres	Pop
Occupations	Singer
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	2011–present
Labels	RB Records
Website	www.rebeccablackonline.com

Rebecca Renee Black^[2] (born June 21, 1997) is an American pop singer and dancer who gained extensive media attention with the 2011 single "Friday". Her mother paid $4,000 to have the single and an accompanying music video put out as a vanity release^[3] through the record label ARK Music Factory.^[4] The song was co-written and produced by Clarence Jey and Patrice Wilson of Ark Music Factory. After the video went viral on YouTube and other social media sites, "Friday" was derided by many music critics and viewers, who dubbed it "the worst song ever."^[5][6][7] The music video received around 167 million views, causing Black to gain international attention as a "viral star", before being removed from the site on June 16. Black re-uploaded it in her own channel three months later.

Biography[link]

Personal life[link]

Rebecca Black was born on June 21, 1997,^[8] in Irvine, California.^[1] She is the daughter of John Jeffery Black and Georgina Marquez Kelly, both veterinarians.^[4][9] She is of Mexican, Spanish, Italian, English, and Polish descent.^[10][11] An honor student, Black studied dance, auditioned for school shows, attended music summer camps, and began singing publicly in 2008 after joining the patriotic group Celebration USA.^{[citation needed]} In 2011 Black left public school in favor of homeschooling, both in response to constant verbal bullying at school and in order to focus more of her time on her career.^[12] Black later said that her main reason for the move to homeschooling was more for career reasons rather than the bullying.^[13]

Career[link]

Ark Music Factory and "Friday" (2010–2011)[link]

In late 2010, a classmate of Black and music-video client of ARK Music Factory, a Los Angeles label, told her about the company.^[14] Black's mother paid $4,000 for Ark Music to produce the music video while the Blacks retained ownership of both the master and the video.^[4][15] The single, "Friday", written entirely by Ark, was released on YouTube and iTunes. The song's video was uploaded to YouTube on February 10, 2011, and received approximately 1,000 views in the first month. The video went viral on March 11, 2011, acquiring millions of views on YouTube in a matter of days, becoming the most-talked-about topic on social networking site Twitter,^[16] and garnering mostly negative media coverage.^[17] As of June 14, 2011, the video had received more than 3,190,000 "dislikes" on YouTube compared to more than 451,000 "likes".^[18] As of March 22, 2011, first-week sales of her digital single were estimated to be around 40,000 by Billboard.^[19] On March 22, 2011, Black appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, during which she performed the single and discussed the negative reaction to it.^[20] The song has peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 and the New Zealand Singles Chart at number 58 and 33, respectively.^[21][22] In the UK, the song debuted at number 61 on the UK Singles Chart.^[23]

Black teamed up with Funny or Die on April Fool's Day (the site was renamed Friday or Die) for a series of videos, including one which addresses the controversy about the driving kids in her music video, stating "We so excited about safety."^[24]

She has stated that she is a fan of Justin Bieber, and expressed interest in performing a duet with him.^[25]

In response to the YouTube video of "Friday", Black began to receive death threats in late February 2011, specifically by phone and email.^[26] These threats are being investigated by the Anaheim Police Department.^[27]

In March 2011, Ryan Seacrest reportedly helped sign Rebecca to manager Debra Baum's DB Entertainment.^[28]

MTV selected Rebecca to host its first online awards show, the O Music Awards Fan Army Party in April 2011.^[29] As an homage to "Friday", Black appears in the music video for Katy Perry's "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)",^[30] in which Black plays alongside Perry as the hostess of a party Perry attends. "Friday" was also performed on the second season of Glee in the episode, "Prom Queen", which originally aired May 10, 2011. When asked about why the song was covered on Glee, show creator Ryan Murphy replied, "The show pays tribute to pop culture and, love it or hate it, that song is pop culture."^[31]

RB Records and upcoming album (2011–present)[link]

After the fallout with Ark Music Factory, Black announced she would start an independent record label named RB Records. Black released a self-produced single titled "My Moment" on July 18 by her own label RB Records, with an accompanying music video, publishing it to her YouTube channel; the video as of November 27 has received, approximately, 590,000 "dislikes" against 340,000 "likes."^[32] In the "My Moment" music video, director Morgan Lawley features real life video of Black's life from both before and after her fame.^[33]

Black is planning to release her official debut album around 2012, which she said will include "a bunch of different kinds of stuff."^[34] It is being recorded at a studio belonging to music producer Charlton Pettus.^[35] In an interview with The Sun, Black said that the songs will be "appropriate and clean".

Black appears as herself in the music video of Katy Perry's single "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)". She appears as the host of a party in the house next door to that of "Kathy Beth Terry". At the end of the video Perry attempts to blame the excesses of the party (which had subsequently moved to her own house) on Black, only for her parents (Corey Feldman and Debbie Gibson) to disbelieve her.^[36] Later on, Perry (in character as Kathy Beth Terry) and Black hosted a livestream on Tinychat.com after weeks of Black being mentioned on Terry's Twitter.^[37] Perry, who performs Friday routinely on stage as part of California Dreams Tour, also brought Black on stage to perform the song as a duet during her show at the Nokia Theater on August 5, 2011.^[38]

On August 10, 2011, Black was featured in an ABC Primetime Nightline: Celebrity Secrets special entitled Underage and Famous: Inside Child Stars' Lives.^[39]

On Friday, September 16, Black re-uploaded "Friday" on YouTube.^[40] In late September 2011, she was brought to Australia by Telstra to promote the launch of their 4G service.^[41]

On October 25, Black announced she started filming her upcoming music video which she first identified as 'POI' and later identified as "Person of Interest".^[42] Black said, "The basis of it is that it's a love song but it's not a love song. It's about almost teenage crushes — when you're not in love yet but you really like a guy — which I'm really excited about because I don't think there are too many out like that. It's very much a dance type song. It will make you get up and dance and sing along in your car."^[43] A teaser of the official music video was posted on November 3, 2011.^[44] Black released another teaser including a snippet of the song on November 10, 2011 on her YouTube channel. The single and its accompanying music video were released on November 15, 2011.^[45]

On December 20, 2011, "Friday" was revealed as the #1 video of the year by YouTube and Black hosted a short video called "YouTube Rewind".^[46]

Zeitgeist sorted billions of Google searches to capture the year's 10 fastest-rising global queries and the rest of the spirit of 2011. Rebecca Black #1 Most Searched Google. The searches for the teen singer topped even those of pop icon Lady Gaga and Adele.^[47]

On May 8, 2012, Black released her fourth official single, "Sing It".^[48] The music video premiered on Black's YouTube the same day.

Philanthropy[link]

Black features NOH8 Campaign a silent protest photo project against California Proposition 8. It features photographs portraying people in front of a white backdrop wearing white t-shirts, their mouths taped shut and "NOH8" painted on their cheek.

Rebecca has pledged to donate profits from the sales of her song "Friday" towards her school, El Rancho Charter, and shortly after the 2011 Japan Earthquake, to emergency relief in the country.^[49]

Discography[link]

Singles[link]

Music videos[link]

Filmography[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

• In April 2011, the MTV O Music Awards, one of the annual awards established by MTV to honor the art, creativity, personality and technology of music into the digital space nominated "Which Seat Can I Take?" for "Favorite Animated GIF" that included footage by Rebecca Black featuring 50 Cent and Bert.^[55]
• Black was named "Choice Web Star" at the 2011 Teen Choice Awards in August 2011.^[56]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Official YouTube Channel
• Rebecca Black at the Internet Movie Database