- published: 18 Mar 2012
- views: 25382
- author: sainsburysheaton
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Aberdeen
Coordinates: 57°09′09″N 2°06′36″W / 57.1526°N 2.1100°W / 57.1526; -2.1100
Aberdeen
i/æbərˈdiːn/ (Scots: Aiberdeen 
listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Obar Dheathain [ˈopər ˈʝɛhɪn]) is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 29th most populous city, with an official population estimate of 220,420.
Nicknames include the Granite City, the Grey City and the Silver City with the Golden Sands. During the mid-18th to mid-20th centuries, Aberdeen's buildings incorporated locally quarried grey granite, whose mica deposits sparkle like silver. The city has a long, sandy coastline. Since the discovery of North Sea oil in the 1970s, other nicknames have been the Oil Capital of Europe or the Energy Capital of Europe. The area around Aberdeen has been settled since at least 8,000 years ago, when prehistoric villages lay around the mouths of the rivers Dee and Don.
Aberdeen received Royal Burgh status from King David I (1124–53), transforming the city economically. The city's two universities, the University of Aberdeen, founded in 1495, and The Robert Gordon University, which was awarded university status in 1992, make Aberdeen the educational centre of the north-east. The traditional industries of fishing, paper-making, shipbuilding, and textiles have been overtaken by the oil industry and Aberdeen's seaport. Aberdeen Heliport is one of the busiest commercial heliports in the world and the seaport is the largest in the north-east of Scotland.
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Allders
Allders is an independent department store in Croydon, established by Joshua Allder in 1862. It is the third-largest department store in the United Kingdom.
The Croydon store was the flagship of a large chain of department stores in the UK. The chain went into administration during 2005 and was subsequently broken up and sold, the Croydon store being purchased by Harold Tillman, owner of the Jaeger clothing company.
Allders was opened in 1862 at 102 and 103 North End as a 'linen draper and silk mercer' by Joshua Allder (1838–1904) from Walworth, who had served his apprenticeship in Croydon. His shop was diverse, with special offers on silk dresses and also a morning dress section, and departments offering lower-cost items such as buttons and ribbons. This diversity showed a shrewdness in business and an understanding of his mostly female customers.
Croydon was a growing town, and Allder's business grew with it. It was not long before the shop expanded into 104, 106 and 107 North End – he had to wait for some 20 years to get 105, a bakery. The wealth Allder made allowed him to play a prominent part in the local community, on the local board of health, on the council of the County Borough of Croydon for nine years and in the non-conformist church community. He supported greater rights for his workers, being instrumental in getting local stores closed for a half-day on Wednesdays. Allder died in 1904 leaving a store which had expanded beyond clothing and haberdashery to sell glass and porcelain, for example.
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Alphington, Devon
Alphington is a suburb of the City of Exeter in southwest England. The ward of Alphington has a population of 8250 according to the 2001 census, making it the third largest in Exeter, with the village itself accounting for about a quarter of this figure. It is surrounded on two sides by Devon countryside, with the Marsh Barton trading estate to the east and Exeter to the north.
Most of the fabric of the parish church (of St Michael and All Angels) originates from the 15th century, including its rood-screen (the north aisle screen has a different style and design and possibly comes from another church). The screen at the base of the tower was put together from the remains of the 1625 Jacobean gallery, demolished in 1875. Saint Apollonia was depicted on one of the panels but it has been badly disfigured. The Norman font (12th century) is said by Arthur Mee (1965) to be "believed by many to be the finest in Devon." It is carved from local Beer stone, a replica cast can be seen at Exeter's Royal Albert Memorial Museum.
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BAE Systems
Coordinates: 51°16′25″N 0°46′00″W / 51.27361°N 0.7666667°W / 51.27361; -0.7666667
BAE Systems plc (LSE: BA.) is a British multinational defence, security and aerospace company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, that has global interests, particularly in North America through its subsidiary BAE Systems Inc. BAE is among the world's largest military contractors; in 2009 it was the second-largest based on revenues. It was formed on 30 November 1999 by the £7.7 billion merger of two British companies, Marconi Electronic Systems (MES), the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company plc (GEC), and aircraft, munitions and naval systems manufacturer British Aerospace (BAe).
BAE Systems is the successor to various aircraft and defence electronics companies, including The Marconi Company, the first commercial company devoted to the development and use of radio; A.V. Roe and Company, one of the world's first aircraft companies; de Havilland, manufacturer of the world's first commercial jet airliner; British Aircraft Corporation, co-manufacturer of the Concorde supersonic transport; and Supermarine, manufacturer of the Spitfire. Since its formation it has sold its shares in Airbus, Astrium, AMS and Atlas Elektronik, and made a number of acquisitions, most notably United Defense and Armor Holdings of the United States.
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Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire ( /ˈbɛdfərdʃər/ or /ˈbɛdfərdʃɪər/; abbreviated Beds.) is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.
It borders Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the south-east.
The highest elevation point is 243 metres (797 ft) on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Bee Orchid as the county flower.
The traditional nickname for people from Bedfordshire is "Bedfordshire Bulldogs" or "Clangers", this last deriving from a local dish comprising a suet crust dumpling filled with meat or jam or both.
It is the 14th most densely populated county of England and the fifth most densly populated non-metropolitan county with over half the population of the county living in the two largest built up areas of Bedford (102,000) and Luton (236,000).
The first recorded use of the name was in 1011 as "Bedanfordscir," meaning the shire or county of Bedford, which itself means "Beda's ford" (river crossing).
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Bradford on Avon
Coordinates: 51°20′49″N 2°15′04″W / 51.3469°N 2.2510°W / 51.3469; -2.2510
Bradford on Avon (sometimes Bradford-on-Avon) is a town in west Wiltshire, England with a population of about 9,326. The town's canal, historic buildings, shops, pubs and restaurants make it popular with tourists.
The history of the town can be traced back to Roman origins. It has several buildings dating to the 17th century, when the town grew due to the thriving English woollen textile industry.
The town lies partly on the Avon Valley, and partly on the hill that marks the Vale's western edge, eight miles southeast of Bath, in the hilly countryside between the Mendip Hills, Salisbury Plain and the Cotswold Hills. The local area around Bath provides the Jurassic limestone (Bath Stone) from which the older buildings are constructed. The River Avon (the Bristol Avon) runs through the town.
The earliest evidence of habitation is fragments of Roman settlements above the town. In particular, archaeological digs have revealed the remains of a large Roman villa with a well-preserved mosaic on the playing fields of St Laurence School. The centre of the town grew up around the ford across the river Avon, hence the origin of the town's name ("Broad-Ford"). This was supplemented in Norman times by the stone bridge that still stands today. The Norman side is upstream, and has pointed arches; the newer side has curved arches. The Town Bridge and Chapel is a grade I listed building. It was originally a packhorse bridge, but widened in the 17th century by rebuilding the western side. On 2 July 1643 the town was the site of a skirmish in the English Civil War, between Royalists who seized control of the bridge on their way to the Battle of Lansdowne.
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Brierley Hill
Coordinates: 52°28′46″N 2°07′28″W / 52.4795°N 2.1245°W / 52.4795; -2.1245
Brierley Hill is a town and electoral ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, West Midlands, England. It is one of the larger Black Country towns with a population of 9,631 and is heavily industrialised, best known for glass and steel manufacturing, although the industry has declined considerably since the 1970s. One of the largest factories in the area was the Round Oak Steelworks which closed down and redeveloped to become the Merry Hill Shopping Centre. Brierley Hill was originally in Staffordshire, but was transferred to the West Midlands metropolitan county upon its creation in 1974.
The name Brierley Hill was formed from three Anglo-Saxon or Old English words; 'brier' meaning the place where the Briar Rose (Rosa rubiginosa) grew, 'leah' or 'ley' meaning a woodland clearing and 'Hill'. The name Merry Hill is derived from the word 'gemeare' which means the boundary, indicating that it was on the boundary of the parish of Kingswinford.
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Bristol
Bristoli/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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Cambridge
The city of Cambridge (i/ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ KAYM-brij) is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia, on the River Cam, about 50 miles (80 km) north of London. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, its population was 108,863 (including 22,153 students), and was estimated to be 125,717 in mid-2010. There is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area in bronze age and Roman times, and under Viking rule Cambridge became an important trading centre. The first town charters were granted in the 12th century, although city status was not conferred until 1951.
Cambridge is most widely known as the home of the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209 and consistently ranked one of the top five universities in the world. The university includes the renowned Cavendish Laboratory, King's College Chapel, and the Cambridge University Library. The Cambridge skyline is dominated by the last two buildings, along with the chimney of Addenbrooke's Hospital in the far south of the city and St John's College Chapel tower.
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Cameron Toll
Cameron Toll is a suburb located to the south of Edinburgh, Scotland. Originally it was the site of a toll house built in the early 19th century, which was located on a stretch of road between Edinburgh and Dalkeith. The meaning of the name Cameron is suggested to be 'crooked hill', derived from the Scots Gaelic 'cam', crooked, and Old Gaelic 'brun' meaning hill, believed to refer to Arthur’s Seat clearly visible nearby; the original name may have been Pictish.
The area is now dominated by a large roundabout, which is crossed by a railway line.
Cameron Toll is 1½ miles from Edinburgh city centre, 2 miles from the Edinburgh City Bypass and is served by many bus services to and from Edinburgh and Midlothian. It is close to The Grange and Newington and the area called the Inch.
The area is the location of Cameron Toll Shopping Centre, Edinburgh’s first ‘out of town’ shopping centre, which opened in 1984 at a cost of £33 million. Built in the former grounds of Inch House between the A7 and A701 roads, the centre occupies a 26 acre site and has free parking for 1200 cars. It contains around 50 shops including one of the largest Sainsbury's supermarkets in Scotland, fashion retailers New Look, Dorothy Perkins and Peacocks, bookshop Waterstones and video game outlet Game. A number of eating and drinking outlets, with seating, are provided on a mezzanine floor and, in the main mall, are leading UK retailers Costa Coffee and Greggs the bakers.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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Croydon
Coordinates: 51°22′22″N 0°06′36″W / 51.3727°N 0.1099°W / 51.3727; -0.1099
Croydon is a large town in South London, England, located within the London Borough of Croydon to which it gives its name. It is situated 9.5 miles (15.3 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 11 metropolitan centres in Greater London.
Croydon is located on the natural transport corridor between London and England's south coast, just to the north of two gaps in the North Downs, one followed by the route of the A23 Brighton Road from Purley to Merstham and the other followed by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange.
Historically a part of Surrey, at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church, a mill and around 365 inhabitants (as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086). Croydon expanded during the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production, leather tanning and brewing. The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world's first public horse-drawn railway, which later developed into an important means of transport – facilitating Croydon's growth as a commuter town for the City of London and beyond. By the early 20th century, Croydon was an important industrial area, known for car manufacture, metal working and its airport. In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and service economy, brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift shopping centre. Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965. Road traffic is now diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre, but its main railway station, East Croydon, is still a major hub within the national railway transport system. The town is expected to have its urban planning changed as part of Croydon Vision 2020.
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DA postcode area
Coordinates: 51°26′28″N 0°13′19″E / 51.441°N 0.222°E / 51.441; 0.222
The DA postcode area, also known as the Dartford postcode area but is currently partly in the London districts map, making it partly in London according to the Royal Mail., is a group of 18 postcode districts in England, which are subdivisions of 11 post towns. Some of these postcode districts cover places in south east London, some cover places in north west Kent.
The main sorting office is in Dartford and the area served includes most of the London Borough of Bexley, the Kent boroughs of Dartford and Gravesham, and very small parts of the London Borough of Bromley and the Royal Borough of Greenwich.
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
Clockwise from the east, the adjacent postcode areas are: ME (Rochester), TN (Tonbridge), BR (Bromley), SE (London SE), RM (Romford). The northern boundary is the River Thames.
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Darnley
Coordinates: 55°48′26″N 4°21′01″W / 55.807177°N 4.350255°W / 55.807177; -4.350255
Darnley is an area in south-west Glasgow, Scotland located on the A727 just west of Arden. During the second half of the 20th Century Darnley has experienced total transformation from being a modest semi-rural community to becoming a significant part of Glasgow's response to a post-war housing shortage.
Following the construction of large housing schemes at South Nitshill (1957) and Kennishead (1966), in 1968 the City of Glasgow approved the building of 2,048 homes in Darnley. This scheme was to occupy an area to the north of Nitshill Road covered by Leggatston Farm, part of the original Darnley estate taken within the City of Glasgow boundaries in 1938. Over three phases a total of 1,336 deck-access, two to seven storey apartment blocks were built. This fell short of the initial number planned owing to a combination of economic, political and management setbacks. It was intended that Darnley would be a largely self-supporting estate and for this reason two primary schools and a community centre formed part of the Council's plans. A social club and bowling green, a church, a small shopping centre and a library were all added throughout the 1970s.
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Dartford
Coordinates: 51°27′50″N 0°15′14″E / 51.464°N 0.254°E / 51.464; 0.254
Dartford is the principal town in the borough of Dartford. It is situated in the northwest corner of Kent, England, 16 miles (26 km) east south-east of central London.
The town centre is situated in a valley through which the River Darent flows, and where the old road from London to Dover crossed: hence the name, from Darent + ford. Dartford became a market town in medieval times and, although today it is principally a commuter town for Greater London, it has a long history of religious, industrial and cultural importance. It is an important rail hub; the main through-road now avoids the town itself.
In prehistory, the first people appeared in the Dartford area around 250,000 years ago: a tribe of prehistoric hunter-gatherers whose exemplar is called Swanscombe Man. Many other archaeological investigations have revealed a good picture of occupation of the district with important finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
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Devon
Coordinates: 50°42′N 3°48′W / 50.7°N 3.8°W / 50.7; -3.8
Devon ( /ˈdɛvən/) is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although it has never been officially "shired" and that use often indicates a traditional or historical context. Nowadays, "Devonshire" is mostly a demonym.
The county shares borders with Cornwall to the west and Dorset and Somerset to the east. Its southern coast abuts the English Channel and its northern coast the Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea. The name "Devon" derives from the ancient Dumnonia, which was home to the independent kingdom of Brythonic Celtic speaking people who inhabited this area of the southwestern peninsula of Britain continuously from through the Roman era until partial absorption into the English-speaking Kingdom of Wessex some time in the eighth or ninth century, with some emigration to the sister Kingdom of Domnonee in Brittany taking place.
Devon is the fourth largest of the English counties by area and has a population of 1,141,600 making it the 11th most populous. The county town is the cathedral city of Exeter. In addition to Devon County Council, the county contains two unitary authorities (independent from Devon County Council's control): the port city of Plymouth and Torbay, a conurbation of seaside resorts. Plymouth is also the largest city in Devon. Much of the county is rural (including national park) land, with a low population density by British standards. It contains Dartmoor 954 km2 (368 sq mi), the largest open space in southern England. It is the only English county to have two separate coastlines – a north and southern coastline.
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Dudley
Coordinates: 52°30′43″N 2°05′45″W / 52.5119°N 2.0957°W / 52.5119; -2.0957
Dudley (i/ˈdʌdli/ DUD-lee) is a large town in the West Midlands county of England, and the administrative centre of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. At the 2001 census (according to the Office of National Statistics), the Dudley Urban Sub Area had a population of 194,919, making it the one of the largest settlements in England, the second largest town in the United Kingdom behind Reading, and the largest settlement in the UK without its own university.
Dudley is part of the West Midlands conurbation, and is located south of the city of Wolverhampton. It is the largest town in the Black Country region of England, and for many years the town (but not the castle, which was classed as part of Staffordshire) formed part of an exclave of the county of Worcestershire. Despite the more recent changes in county borders, the town still remains part of the Anglican Diocese of Worcester.
Dudley unsuccessfully bid to receive city status in 2012, losing out to Chelmsford, Perth and St. Asaph.
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East Grinstead
Coordinates: 51°07′44″N 0°00′25″W / 51.129°N 0.007°W / 51.129; -0.007
East Grinstead is a town and civil parish in the northeastern corner of Mid Sussex, West Sussex in England near the East Sussex, Surrey, and Kent borders. It lies 27 miles (43 km) south of London, 21 miles (34 km) north northeast of Brighton, and 38 miles (61 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester. The civil parish covers an area of 2443.45 hectares (6,035 acres) and had a population of 23,942 persons in the 2001 census. Nearby towns include Crawley to the west, Tunbridge Wells to the east and Redhill and Reigate to the northwest. The town is continuous with the village of Felbridge to the northwest. Until 1974 East Grinstead was the centre for local government - East Grinstead Urban District Council - and was located in the county of East Sussex. East Grinstead, along with Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill, as part of the former Cuckfield Rural District Council, came together as Mid-Sussex; moving to the jurisdiction of West Sussex County Council. The town has many historic buildings and is located on the Greenwich Meridian. It is located in the Weald and Ashdown Forest lies to the south of the town.
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EN postcode area
Coordinates: 51°40′59″N 0°05′02″W / 51.683°N 0.084°W / 51.683; -0.084
The EN postcode area, also known as the Enfield postcode area, is a group of 11 postcode districts in England which are subdivisions of seven post towns. EN1 to EN5 and parts of EN8 cover part of North London, whereas EN6 to EN11 cover parts of the administrative counties of Hertfordshire and Essex, although there are small areas of crossover.
Mail posted in this area is sorted in Watford (Ascot Road WD18) and delivered from offices in Enfield (Southbury Road EN1), Barnet (Longmore Avenue EN5), Potters Bar (Darkes Lane EN6), Waltham Cross (Eleanor Cross Road EN8), and Hoddesdon (Conduit Lane EN11). The area served includes part of the London Borough of Enfield and the London Borough of Barnet. Part of the Hertfordshire boroughs and districts of Broxbourne, Hertsmere and Welwyn Hatfield and the Epping Forest district of Essex are also covered by this postcode area.
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
Clockwise from the east, the adjacent postcode areas are: , IG (Ilford), E (London E), N (London N), NW (London NW), WD (Watford), AL (St Albans), SG (Stevenage), CM (Chelmsford).
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Exeter
Exeter (i/ˈɛksɨtər/ EK-si-tər) is a historic city in Devon, England. It lies within the ceremonial county of Devon, of which it is the county town as well as the home of Devon County Council. Currently the administrative area has the status of a non-metropolitan district, and is therefore under the administration of the County Council. The city is on the River Exe, about 37 miles (60 km) northeast of Plymouth, and 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Bristol. According to the 2001 Census, its population in that year was 111,076, while the mid-2010 estimate was 119,600.
Exeter was the most south-westerly Roman fortified settlement in Britain. Its Exeter Cathedral, founded in the early 12th century, became Anglican at the time of the 16th century Reformation.
Exeter has been identified as one of the top ten most profitable locations for a business to be based. The city has good transport links, with Exeter St David's railway station, Exeter Central railway station, the M5 motorway and Exeter International Airport connecting the city both nationally and internationally. Although a popular tourist destination, the city is not dominated by tourism.
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Glasgow
Coordinates: 55°51′29″N 4°15′32″W / 55.858°N 4.259°W / 55.858; -4.259
Glasgow (i/ˈɡlɑːzɡəʊ/, locally /ˈɡlazɡo/, GLAZ-goh; Scots: Glesga listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu ([ˈkɫ̪as̪əxu] listen (help·info))) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.
Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become one of the largest seaports in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. From the 18th century the city also grew as one of Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with British North America and the British West Indies. With the Industrial Revolution, the city and surrounding region shifted to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of heavy engineering, most notably in shipbuilding and marine engineering industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was known as the "Second City of the British Empire" for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period. Today it is one of Europe's top ten financial centres and is home to many of Scotland's leading businesses. Glasgow is also ranked as the 57th most liveable city in the world.
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Gloucester
Gloucester (i/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOS-tər) is a city, district and county town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Gloucester lies close to the Welsh border, and on the River Severn, approximately 32 miles (51 km) north-east of Bristol, and 45 miles (72 km) south-southwest of Birmingham.
Gloucester was founded in AD 97 by the Romans under Emperor Nerva as Colonia Glevum Nervensis, and was granted its first charter in 1155 by King Henry II. Economically, the city is dominated by the service industries, and has a strong financial and business sector, being home to the bank Cheltenham & Gloucester and historically was prominent in the aerospace industry.
The existence of a British settlement at Gloucester (Caer Glow, Gleawecastre, Gleucestre) is not confirmed by any direct evidence, but Gloucester was the Roman municipality of Colonia Nervia Glevensium, or Glevum, founded in the reign of Nerva. Parts of the walls can be traced, and many remains and coins have been found, though inscriptions are scarce. Evidence for some civic life after the end of Roman Britain includes the mention in the Historia Brittonum that Vortigern's grandfather ruled Gloucester. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Gloucester was part of Wessex from the Battle of Deorham in 577 until 584, when it came under the control of Mercia.
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Greenwich
Coordinates: 51°28′45″N 0°00′00″E / 51.4791°N 0.0000°E / 51.4791; 0.0000
Greenwich (UKi/ɡrɪnɪdʒ/ GRIN-ij; US /ɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-ich or /ɡrɛnɪdʒ/ GREN-ij) is a district of south London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich and situated 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east south-east of Charing Cross.
Greenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many in the House of Tudor, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and the Trinity College of Music.
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GU postcode area
Coordinates: 51°13′19″N 0°43′05″W / 51.222°N 0.718°W / 51.222; -0.718
The GU postcode area, also known as the Guildford postcode area, is a large group of postcode districts around Aldershot, Alton, Bagshot, Bordon, Camberley, Cranleigh, Farnborough, Farnham, Fleet, Godalming, Guildford, Haslemere, Hindhead, Lightwater, Liphook, Liss, Midhurst, Petersfield, Petworth, Sandhurst, Virginia Water, Windlesham, Woking and Yateley in England.
Mail for the area is sorted at the Jubilee Mail Centre in Hounslow.
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
Clockwise from the east, the adjacent postcode areas are: RH (Redhill), BN (Brighton), PO (Portsmouth), SO (Southampton), RG (Reading), SL (Slough), TW (Twickenham), KT (Kingston upon Thames).
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Guildford
Coordinates: 51°14′12″N 0°34′13″W / 51.236538°N 0.570309°W / 51.236538; -0.570309
Guildfordi/ˈɡɪlfərd/ is the county town of Surrey, England, as well as the seat for the borough of Guildford. It is situated 27 miles (43 km) southwest of London on the A3 trunk road mid-way between the capital and Portsmouth.
The town has Saxon roots, and likely owes its location to the existence of a gap in the North Downs where the River Wey is forded by the Harrow Way. The town grew enough in importance that by 978 it was home to the Royal Mint. With the building of the Wey Navigation and Basingstoke Canal Guildford was in the centre of a network of waterways that aided its prosperity.
The Guildford pub bombing by the Provisional IRA in 1974 killed five people including four off-duty soldiers from the local barracks. The subsequently arrested suspects became known as the Guildford Four.
It is believed that Guildford was founded by Saxon settlers shortly after Roman authority had been removed from Britain (which was c.410AD). The site was likely chosen because the Harrow Way (an ancient trackway that continues along Hog's Back) crosses the River Wey at this point, via a ford. This probably gives rise to the second half of Guildford's name. The root of the first part is gold rather than society or meeting place.[citation needed] The Saxon name would have been Gyldeford, meaning golden ford. It has been suggested[by whom?] that the gold may refer to golden flowers by the ford, or the golden sand, but this is not certain. There is an old coaching Inn on the Epsom Road previously called the 'Sanford Arms', which almost certainly derives from 'Sand Ford', so this adds weight to the suggestion that 'Guildford' is a corruption of 'Gold Ford', referring to the very distinctive golden sand showing on the banks of the River Wey where it cuts through the sandy outcrop just south of the town.[citation needed]
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Halesowen
Coordinates: 52°27′01″N 2°03′03″W / 52.450164°N 2.050935°W / 52.450164; -2.050935
Halesowen ( /heɪlzˈoʊ.ɨn/) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the West Midlands, England. After the construction of the M5 motorway a part of Halesowen's Lapal suburb, Carters Lane to the east of the M5 and the roads which culminate on it, were separated from the rest of it and thus fell within Birmingham City Council's boundary. It is now included in the city's Woodgate ward but retains Halesowen as its post town and the B62 postcode.
The population, as measured by the United Kingdom Census 2001, was 55,273. Halesowen is included in the Halesowen and Rowley Regis constituency which is held by the Conservative James Morris.
Halesowen was a detached part of the county of Shropshire but was incorporated into Worcestershire in 1844 by the Counties (Detached Parts) Act. Since the local government reorganisation of 1974 it has formed a part of the West Midlands Metropolitan County and Conurbation, in the Dudley Metropolitan Borough, which it joined at the same time as neighbouring Stourbridge.
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Helston
Coordinates: 50°06′N 5°16′W / 50.10°N 5.27°W / 50.10; -5.27
Helston (Cornish: Hellys or Henlys) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is situated at the northern end of the Lizard Peninsula approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of Penzance and nine miles (14.5 km) southwest of Falmouth. Helston is the most southerly town in the UK and is around 1.5 miles (2.4 km) further south than Penzance. In 2001, the town celebrated the 800th anniversary of the granting of its Charter, making it the second oldest town in Cornwall after Marazion. The town population is 9,780.
The former tin mining and cattle market town is best known for the annual Furry Dance (known locally as the Flora Dance), said to originate from the medieval period.
The name comes from the Cornish 'hen lis' or 'old court' and 'ton' added later to denote a Saxon manor; the Domesday Book refers to Henliston (which survives as the name of a road in the town). It was granted its charter by King John in 1201. It was here that tin ingots were weighed to determine the duty due to the Duke of Cornwall when a number of stannary towns were authorised by royal decree. A document of 1396 examined by Charles Henderson shows that the old form "Hellys" was still in use The manor of Helston in Kerrier was one of the 17 Antiqua maneria of the Duchy of Cornwall. The seal of the borough of Helston was St Michael his wings expanded standing on a gateway the two towers domed upon the upturned dragon impaling it with his spear and bearing upon his left arm an escutcheon of the arms of England viz. Gu. three lions passant guardant in pale Or. with the legend "Sigillum comunitatis helleston burg".
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire (i/ˈhɑrtfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈhɑrfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
Hertfordshire is one of the home counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London (to the south), Buckinghamshire (to the west), Bedfordshire (including the unitary authorities of Luton and Central Bedfordshire to the north), Cambridgeshire (to the north east) and Essex (to the east).
Hertfordshire was originally the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. The name Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature prominently in many county emblems.
There is evidence of human beings living in Hertfordshire since the Middle Stone Age. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.
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Holborn
Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°07′06″W / 51.5172°N 0.1182°W / 51.5172; -0.1182
Holborn ( /ˈhoʊbərn/ HOH-bərn) is an area of central London and also the name of the area's principal street, known as High Holborn between St. Giles's High Street and Gray's Inn Road (the junction being roughly where Holborn Bar — the entrance to the City of London — once was) and then Holborn Viaduct between Holborn Circus and Newgate Street. The street since boundary changes in 1994 runs along the boundary between the London Borough of Camden and the City of London; previously the boundary was less obvious in the area and crossed the street at Holborn Bar.
The area's first mention is in a charter of Westminster Abbey, by King Edgar, dated to 959. This mentions "the old wooden church of St Andrew" (St Andrew, Holborn). The name Holborn may be derived from the Middle English "hol" for hollow, and bourne, a brook, referring to the River Fleet as it ran through a steep valley to the east. Historical cartographer William Shepherd in his Plan of London about 1300 labels the Fleet as "Hole Bourn" where it passes to the east of St Andrew's church. However, the 16th century historian John Stow attributes the name to the Old Bourne ("old brook"), a small stream which he believed ran into the Fleet at Holborn Bridge, a structure lost when the river was culverted in 1732. The exact course of the stream is uncertain, but according to Stow it started in one of the many small springs near Holborn Bar, the old City toll gate on the summit of Holborn Hill. This is supported by a map of London and Westminster created during the reign of Henry VIII that clearly marks the street as 'Oldbourne' and 'High Oldbourne'. Other historians, however, find the theory implausible, in view of the slope of the land.
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Holywood Exchange
Holywood Exchange is a major retail development on the borders of Belfast and Holywood, Northern Ireland. It is beside Belfast City Airport, in the townland of Knocknagoney. The site was previously known as D5 and Harbour Exchange. At present the development compromises an 11 unit 13,940 m2 (150,000 ft2) retail warehouse centre with (as of November 2010); Harvey Norman, Next Home, Decathlon, and BHS-British Home Store (opened in December 2010). Located beside the retail warehouse is a Sainsbury's store and service station, a B&Q store, and an IKEA store.
Like the expansion of the Sprucefield development, Holywood Exchange has been controversial and the subject of repeated planning problems and legal disputes.
Local firm Osborne King are letting agents for the scheme.
The first planning application for what was then known as D5 was made by Aquis Estates Limited, Anglia and General Developments Limited and Belfast Harbour Commissioners on 14 November 1995. A five week public inquiry was held in December 1996 and January 1997. In 1997 the Planning Appeal Commission and the Department of the Environment's Planning Service recommended that approval should be granted. Formal planning permission was granted on 13 April 1999. On 21 June 1999 Belfast City Council and The Belfast Chamber of Trade and Commerce applied for judicial review of the decision to grant planning permission. On 9 July 1999 planning permission for D5 was quashed as it was judged that the Minister did not take the decision with all the relevant information.
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Kent
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
Kent's location between London and the continental Europe has led to its being in the front line of several conflicts, including the Battle of Britain during World War II. East Kent was known as Hell Fire Corner during the conflict. England has relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of the past 800 years; the Cinque Ports in the 12th–14th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th–20th centuries were of particular importance to the country's security. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone, and the iconic White Cliffs of Dover.
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Leeds city centre
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′54″W / 53.7998°N 1.5482°W / 53.7998; -1.5482
Leeds city centre is the central business district of Leeds, England. It is within the Leeds Central parliamentary constituency, represented by Hilary Benn as MP since a by-election in 1999. The term central Leeds is often used to describe Leeds city centre, although it refers to a wider area usually defined by the area within the Inner Ring Road, covering areas such as Holbeck and Hunslet.[citation needed] While the city centre has no formal definition, it may be taken as roughly bounded by the Leeds Inner Ring Road on the north. Many people in the city say it stretches from Woodhouse Lane, to the north, to Holbeck in the south and from the casinos on Kirkstall Road in the West to Lincoln Green to the east.[citation needed] Leeds city centre can arguably be separated roughly into five areas or quarters.
The Civic Quarter is the area at the north of the city centre, roughly north of the Headrow. It is home to the Leeds Magistrates and Crown Courts. Leeds Town Hall is a prominent landmark which was completed in 1858 and opened by Queen Victoria. The City Library and City Gallery are next door. Queen Square is also found here. The city's largest hospital, the Leeds General Infirmary, is also located here and was first opened in 1869.
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London Colney
Coordinates: 51°43′34″N 0°18′00″W / 51.726°N 0.300°W / 51.726; -0.300
London Colney is a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. It is located to the north of London, at Junction 22 of the M25 motorway.
It is near St Albans and part of the St Albans District. At the time of the 2001 census the population of London Colney ward was 7,742. It is considered a satellite or dormitory village of St Albans, where some villagers travel to work and shop. The long-running 84 bus route runs through London Colney towards St Albans, and Uno bus routes 602, 636, 658 and 659 also connect the village with St Albans, Hatfield, Watford, Borehamwood and Luton.
By repute it is the second largest village in the United Kingdom, after Cottingham near Hull.
London Colney Primary School was initially due to open on September 4, 1939. It was then closed on the same day, as war was declared. It opened properly a day later. London Colney has a great selection of open water fishing in the River Colne and associated lakes. Colney Fields shopping park is located there.
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Merseyside
Merseyside ( /ˈmɜrzisaɪd/) is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary, and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and the city of Liverpool. Merseyside, which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, takes its name from the River Mersey.
Merseyside spans 249 square miles (645 km2) of land which border Lancashire (to the north-east), Greater Manchester (to the east), and Cheshire (to the south and south-west); the Irish Sea is to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary. There is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Liverpool City Centre, but Merseyside is also a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Liverpool Urban Area is the seventh most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the geographic centre of the county, while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south.
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Middlesex
Middlesex ( /ˈmɪdəlsɛks/; abbreviated Middx) is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. The low-lying county contained the wealthy and politically independent City of London on its southern boundary and was dominated by it from a very early time. The county was significantly affected by the expansion of the metropolitan area of London in both the 18th and 19th centuries, such that from 1855 the south-east was administered as part of the metropolis. When county councils were initially introduced in England in 1889 about 20% of the area of Middlesex, along with a third of its population, was transferred to the County of London, and the remainder formed a smaller county, in the north-west, under the control of Middlesex County Council.
In the interwar years urban London had further expanded, with increasing suburbanisation, improvement and expansion of public transport, and the setting up of new industries outside the inner London area. After the Second World War, the population of the County of London and inner Middlesex was in steady decline, with new population growth only experienced in the outer suburbs. After a Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London, almost all of the original area was incorporated into an enlarged Greater London in 1965, with small parts transferred to neighbouring Hertfordshire and Surrey. Despite the disappearance of the county council, Middlesex is still used as an area name and was retained as a postal county; which is now an optional component of postal addresses.
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Nairn
Coordinates: 57°35′00″N 3°51′41″W / 57.583472°N 3.861510°W / 57.583472; -3.861510
Nairn ( /ˈnɛərn/ NAIRN; Gaelic: Inbhir Narann) is a town and former burgh in the Highland council area of Scotland. It is an ancient fishing port and market town around 16 miles (26 km) east of Inverness. It was the county town of the wider county of Nairn also known as Nairnshire.
The town is now best known as a seaside resort, with two golf courses, a community centre/mid-scale arts venue ( Nairn Community & Arts Centre), a small theatre (called The Little Theatre) and one small museum, providing information on the local area and incorporating the collection of the former Fishertown museum.
King James VI of Scotland visited the town in 1589 and is said to have later remarked that the High Street was so long that the people at either end spoke different languages to one another – English and Gaelic. The landward farmers generally spoke English and the fishing families at the harbour end, Gaelic. Nairn, formerly split into Scottish Gaelic- and Scots-speaking communities, was a town of two halves in other ways. The narrow-streeted fishertown surrounds a harbour built by Thomas Telford while Victorian villas stand in the 'West End'. It is believed that the Duke of Cumberland stayed in Nairn the night before the battle of Culloden.
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North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a county in England. It is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of 8,654 square kilometres (3,341 sq mi), making it the largest ceremonial county in England. The majority of the Yorkshire Dales and all of the North York Moors lie within North Yorkshire's boundaries, and around 40% of the county is covered by National Parks. The county town is Northallerton.
The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into a number of local government districts; they are Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby.
The Department for Communities and Local Government did consider reorganising North Yorkshire County Council's administrative structure by abolishing the seven district councils and the county council to create a North Yorkshire unitary authority. The changes were planned to be implemented no later than 1 April 2009. This was rejected on 25 July 2007 so the County Council and District Council structure will remain.
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Northamptonshire
Coordinates: 52°17′N 0°50′W / 52.283°N 0.833°W / 52.283; -0.833
Northamptonshire ( /nɔrˈθæmptənʃər/ or /nɔrθˈhæmptənʃɪər/; archaically, the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants. or N/hants) is a landlocked ceremonial county in the East Midlands region of England. Its population is 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with eight other ceremonial counties: Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east, Buckinghamshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the south-west and Lincolnshire to the north-east – England's shortest county boundary at 19 metres (21 yd). The county seat is Northampton. Other large population centres include Kettering, Corby, Wellingborough, Rushden and Daventry.
Northamptonshire's county flower is the cowslip[citation needed].
Much of Northamptonshire’s countryside appears to have remained somewhat intractable with regards to early human occupation, resulting in an apparently sparse population and relatively few finds from the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. In about 500 BC the Iron Age was introduced into the area by a continental people in the form of the Hallstatt culture, and over the next century a series of hill-forts were constructed at Arbury Camp, Rainsborough camp, Borough Hill, Castle Dykes, Guilsborough, Irthlingborough, and most notably of all, Hunsbury Hill. There are two more possible hill-forts at Arbury Hill (Badby) and Thenford.
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann pronounced [ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] (
listen), Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann or Norlin Airlan) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. As of 2001, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom. Since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, Northern Ireland is largely self-governing. According to the agreement, Northern Ireland co-operates with the rest of Ireland – from which it was partitioned in 1921 — on some policy areas, while other areas are reserved for the Government of the United Kingdom, though the Republic of Ireland "may put forward views and proposals".
Northern Ireland was for many years the site of a violent and bitter inter-communal conflict — the Troubles — which was caused by divisions between nationalists, who are predominantly Roman Catholic, and unionists, who are predominantly Protestant. Unionists want Northern Ireland to remain as a part of the United Kingdom, and generally see themselves as British, while nationalists wish for it to be politically reunited with the rest of Ireland, independent of British rule, and generally see themselves as Irish. Additionally, people from both sides of the community may describe themselves as Northern Irish. Since 1998, most of the paramilitary groups involved in the Troubles have ceased their armed campaigns.
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Peckham
Coordinates: 51°28′17″N 0°03′45″W / 51.4714°N 0.0625°W / 51.4714; -0.0625
Peckham ( /ˈpɛkəm/) is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Southwark. It is situated 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. The 2001 Census recorded a population of 11,381 in the Peckham ward of Southwark and the Office for National Statistics estimated 19,500 residents in the Peckham Community Council area in 2005.
'Peckham' is a Saxon place name meaning the village of the River Peck, a small stream that ran through the district until it was enclosed in 1823. Archaeological evidence indicates earlier Roman occupation in the area, although the name of this settlement is lost.
Peckham appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Pecheham. It was held by the Bishop of Lisieux from the Bishop of Bayeux. Its Domesday assets were: 2 hides. It had land for 1 plough, 2 acres (8,100 m2) of meadow. It rendered £1 10s 0d (£1.50).
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Reading, Berkshire
Reading (i/ˈrɛdɪŋ/ RED-ing) is a large town and unitary authority area in England. It is located in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway, some 40 miles (64 km) west of London.
The Borough of Reading has a population of 145,700 (2008 estimate) and the town formed the largest part of the Reading/Wokingham Urban Area which had a population of 369,804 (2001 census). The town is currently represented in the UK parliament by two members, and has been continuously represented there since 1295. For ceremonial purposes the town is in the county of Berkshire and has served as its county town since 1867, previously sharing this status with Abingdon.
The first evidence for Reading as a settlement dates from the 8th century. Reading was an important centre in the medieval period, as the site of Reading Abbey, a monastery with strong royal connections. The town was seriously impacted by the Civil War, with a major siege and loss of trade, and played a pivotal role in the Revolution of 1688, with that revolution's only significant military action fought on the streets of the town. The 19th century saw the coming of the Great Western Railway and the development of the town's brewing, baking and seed growing businesses.
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Redhill, Surrey
Coordinates: 51°14′21″N 0°10′21″W / 51.2393°N 0.1726°W / 51.2393; -0.1726
Redhill is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey, England. The town is served by rail to North, South, East and West. Redhill and the adjacent town of Reigate form a single urban area. For some central government statistical purposes the two are classified as a subdivision of the Crawley Urban Area. Redhill is 18 miles east of Guildford. The town is also part of the London commuter belt with a total resident population of nearly 26,000 people.
Redhill is situated immediately to the south of a dip to 135m from 160m-180m in the North Downs, where the old London-Brighton road and two, originally rival., railway lines pass through the Merstham tunnels before intersecting in the town.
The town came into being when a road was built in 1818. The settlement was originally known as Warwick Town and became known as Redhill when the post office moved from Red Hill Common in 1856.
The Philanthropic Society's farm school for convicts' children, originally established at St. George's Fields in 1788, was relocated here in 1849, when Prince Albert laid the first stone. A major factor in the development of the town was the coming of the railways. Redhill railway station continues to be an important junction. Redhill is also one of the few places in the UK where Fuller's Earth can be extracted.Alfred Nobel demonstrated dynamite for the first time at a Redhill quarry in 1867.
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RH postcode area
Coordinates: 51°06′32″N 0°12′36″W / 51.109°N 0.210°W / 51.109; -0.210
The RH postcode area, also known as the Redhill postcode area, is a group of twenty postcode districts in Surrey and Sussex, which are subdivisions of eight post towns.
The main sorting office is in Crawley (although called Gatwick Mail Centre), and the area served includes parts of the Surrey districts of Reigate and Banstead, Mole Valley and Tandridge as well as most of the West Sussex districts of Crawley, Horsham and Mid Sussex, and small areas of the East Sussex districts of Lewes and Wealden.
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
Clockwise from the east, the adjacent postcode areas are: TN (Tonbridge), BN (Brighton), PO (Portsmouth), GU (Guildford), KT (Kingston upon Thames), SM (Sutton), CR (Croydon).
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Sheffield
Sheffield
i/ˈʃɛfiːld/ is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is 555,500 (2010 est.) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
During the 19th century, Sheffield gained an international reputation for steel production. Many innovations were developed locally, including crucible and stainless steel, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population during the Industrial Revolution. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in traditional local industries during the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area.
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Slough
Coordinates: 51°30′36″N 0°35′35″W / 51.51°N 0.593056°W / 51.51; -0.593056
Sloughi/ˈslaʊ/ is a borough and unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Royal Berkshire, England. The town straddles the A4 Bath Road (it becomes the Great West Road closer to London) and the Great Western Main Line, 22 miles (35 km) west of central London. At the 2001 census, the population of Slough was 119,070 (est. 122,000 in 2006) and the borough area was the most ethnically diverse local authority area outside London in the United Kingdom. Slough has the highest proportion of religious adherents in England.
Historically, the larger part of the present-day Slough area was formerly in Buckinghamshire with a small part of the borough originally in Middlesex. Slough is home to the Slough Trading Estate, which, coupled with extensive transport links, makes it an important business centre in South East England. It is the largest industrial estate in single private ownership in Europe.
Slough is at grid reference SU978797, just west of Greater London. Nearby towns are Windsor to the south, Maidenhead to the west, Uxbridge to the northeast and Beaconsfield to the north.
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Southampton
Southamptoni/saʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 120 kilometres (75 mi) south-west of London and 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The local authority is Southampton City Council, which is a unitary authority.
The city represents the core of the Greater Southampton region, and the city itself has an estimated population of 239,700 Southampton combines with Portsmouth to form a single metropolitan area; with a population of over a million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.
Significant employers in Southampton include the University of Southampton, Southampton Airport, the Ford Transit factory, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more recently a number of the largest cruise ships in the world.
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Southwark
Coordinates: 51°29′56″N 0°05′24″W / 51.4988°N 0.0901°W / 51.4988; -0.0901
Southwark (pronounced /ˈsʌðərk/ SUDH-ərk) is a district of south London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Southwark. Situated 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Charing Cross, it forms one of the oldest parts of London and fronts the River Thames to the north. It historically formed an ancient borough in the county of Surrey, made up of a number of parishes, which increasingly came under the influence and jurisdiction of the City of London. As an inner district of London, Southwark experienced rapid depopulation during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is now at an advanced stage of regeneration and is the location of the City Hall offices of the Greater London Authority.
The name Suthriganaweorc or Suthringa geweorche is recorded for the area in the 10th century Anglo-Saxon document known as the Burghal Hidage and means "fort of the men of Surrey" or "the defensive work of the men of Surrey". Southwark is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Sudweca. The name means "southern defensive work" and is formed from the Old English sūth and weorc. The southern location is in reference to the City of London to the north, Southwark being at the southern end of London Bridge. The name has been used for various areas of civil administration, including the ancient Borough of Southwark, the Metropolitan Borough of Southwark and the current London Borough of Southwark. The ancient borough of Southwark was also known simply as The Borough —or Borough— and this name, in distinction from 'The City', has persisted as an alternative name for the area. Southwark was also simultaneously referred to as the Ward of Bridge Without when administered by the City (from 1550 to 1900 and as an Aldermanry until 1978.
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Sprucefield
Sprucefield is a major out-of-town retail park in the townland of Magherageery, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is on the southern edge of Lisburn; about one mile from the middle of Lisburn and ten miles (16 km) from the middle of Belfast. Sprucefield is located beside the M1 motorway and the A1 road. It is split in two parts: the Sprucefield Centre and Sprucefield Park.
Sprucefield is also the site of the Lisnagarvey transmitting station.
Sprucefield Centre was developed by Marks and Spencer on the site of Lisnagarvey Hockey Club and opened in March 1989. The proximity to the radio transmitter required the centre to be built as a Faraday cage to protect electronic equipment from the mast's electromagnetic field. Sprucefield Centre includes shops such as Marks and Spencer, JJB Sports and recently, Boots.
The centre was virtually destroyed in January 1991 in an IRA incendiary attack. Three of four stores were destroyed, (MFI, Allied Maples and Texas), while the Marks and Spencer wing suffered only water damage.
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Staffordshire
Staffordshire (/ˈstæfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈstæfərdʃaɪər/; abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders. It adjoins the ceremonial counties of Cheshire (to the north west), Derbyshire (to the east), Leicestershire (to the east), Warwickshire (to the south east), West Midlands (to the south), Worcestershire (to the south), and Shropshire (to the west).
The largest city in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered separately from the rest of the county as an independent unitary authority. Lichfield also has city status, although this is a considerably smaller cathedral city. Major towns include Stafford (the county town), Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Leek and Tamworth.
Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich and Smethwick were also in Staffordshire until local government reorganisation in 1974, but are now within the West Midlands County in the West Midlands Conurbation.
With the exception of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, South Staffordshire, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, and Tamworth.
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Standard Life
Standard Life plc (LSE: SL.) is a long term savings and investment business, with headquarters in Edinburgh and operations across the globe. It has 1.5 million shareholders in more than 50 countries and over 6 million customers.
The Standard Life Assurance Company was established in 1825 and was reincorporated as a mutual assurance company in 1925.
During the 19th century it opened offices in Canada, India, Shanghai and Uruguay.
In 2006 demutualisation took place and the company was floated on the London Stock Exchange.
The company sold Standard Life Bank plc to Barclays plc in January 2010 and then acquired the remaining 75 per cent stake in Threesixty, a financial advisory support business, that it did not already own for an undisclosed sum in March 2010.
It sold its healthcare division to Discovery Holdings, a South African business, in May 2010 and went on to buy Focus Solutions Group, a financial software company, for £42m in December 2010.
The company operates in North America, Europe, India and China: it has a large operation in Scotland where it employs some 6,000 staff.
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Streatham
Coordinates: 51°25′40″N 0°07′25″W / 51.4279°N 0.1235°W / 51.4279; -0.1235
Streatham ( /ˈstrɛtəm/) is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Streatham means "the hamlet on the street". The street in question, the London to Brighton Way, was the Roman Road from the capital Londinium to the coast near Portslade. It is likely that the destination was a Roman port now lost to coastal erosion, which has been tentatively identified with the 'Novus Portus' mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia. The road is confusingly referred to as Stane Street in some sources, although it diverges from the main London-Chichester road at Kennington.
After the departure of the Romans, the main road through Streatham remained an important trackway. From the seventeenth century it was adopted as the main coach road to Croydon and East Grinstead, and then on to Newhaven and Lewes. In 1780 it then became the route of the turnpike road from London to Brighton, and subsequently became the basis for the modern A23. This road (and its traffic) have shaped Streatham's development.
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Swindon
Coordinates: 51°34′N 1°47′W / 51.56°N 1.78°W / 51.56; -1.78
Swindon ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a large town within the Borough of Swindon and ceremonial county of Wiltshire, in South West England. It is situated midway between Bristol, 40 miles (64 km) west and Reading, 40 miles (64 km) east. London is 81 miles (130 km) to the east. In the 2001 census, the population of the Swindon urban area was 155,432, while the wider borough of Swindon had a population of 184,000.
Swindon was named an Expanded Town under the Town Development Act 1952 and this led to a major increase in its population.Swindon railway station is on the line from London Paddington to Bristol. Swindon Borough Council, is a unitary authority independent of Wiltshire Council since 1997. Residents of Swindon are known as Swindonians. Swindon is home to the Bodleian Library's book depository, which contains 153 miles (246 km) of bookshelves.
The original Saxon settlement of Swindon sat in a defensible position atop a limestone hill. It is referred to in the Domesday Book as Suindune, believed to be derived from the Anglo-Saxon words "swine" and "dun" meaning pig hill or possibly, Sweyn's hill, where Sweyn would be the local landlord.
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Sydenham
Coordinates: 51°25′31″N 0°03′16″W / 51.4254°N 0.0544°W / 51.4254; -0.0544
Sydenham ( /ˈsɪdnəm/) is an area and electoral ward in the London Borough of Lewisham; although some streets towards Crystal Palace Park, Forest Hill and Penge are outside the ward and in the London Borough of Bromley, and some streets off Sydenham Hill are in the London Borough of Southwark. Sydenham was in Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created. The population of the Sydenham ward in 2007 was 14,650, Upper Sydenham is included in Forest Hill ward.
Sydenham is most famous as the location where the Crystal Palace from the Great Exhibition was relocated. Famous people who have lived here include Ernest Shackleton, the Antarctic explorer; George Grove of musical dictionary fame; John Logie Baird, the television inventor; Jason Statham, an actor; the comics and film historian Denis Gifford; and Dame Cicely Saunders, founder of the modern hospice movement.
Sydenham started out as a small settlement, a few cottages among the woods, whose inhabitants grazed their animals and collected wood.
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Tesco
Coordinates: 51°42′18.89″N 0°1′36.37″W / 51.7052472°N 0.0267694°W / 51.7052472; -0.0267694
Tesco plc (LSE: TSCO) is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, United Kingdom. It is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues (after Wal-Mart and Carrefour) and the second-largest measured by profits (after Wal-Mart). It has stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America and is the grocery market leader in the UK (where it has a market share of around 30%), Malaysia, the Republic of Ireland and Thailand.
The company was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen as a group of market stalls. The Tesco name first appeared in 1924, after Cohen purchased a shipment of tea from T. E. Stockwell and combined those initials with the first two letters of his surname, and the first Tesco store opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Middlesex. His business expanded rapidly, and by 1939 he had over 100 Tesco stores across the country. Originally a UK-focused grocery retailer, since the early 1990s Tesco has increasingly diversified geographically and into areas such as the retailing of books, clothing, electronics, furniture, petrol and software; financial services; telecoms and internet services; DVD rental; and music downloads.
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The Headrow
Coordinates: 53°47′58″N 1°32′42″W / 53.7995°N 1.5450°W / 53.7995; -1.5450
The Headrow is an avenue in Leeds city centre, West Yorkshire, England. It holds many of the city's premier shopping, civic and cultural attractions including Leeds Town Hall, Leeds Central Library, Leeds Art Gallery, The Henry Moore Institute and The Light. Some of the largest retail floorplates in the city are on The Headrow, particularly between Park Row and Briggate, where major chains have opened flagship stores. The Headrow is part of a longer axis that includes Westgate, Eastgate and Quarry Hill, which also host significant civic and cultural destinations such as Leeds Combined Courts Centre and the West Yorkshire Playhouse.
The Headrow forms a spine across Leeds city centre between Westgate and Eastgate and is approximately 700 metres (½ mile) long. It was widened between 1928 and 1932 with the redevelopment designed by the architect Reginald Blomfield primarily as a way of improving traffic flow through Leeds city centre. The area is extensively pedestrianised and has an advisory speed limit of 15 miles per hour (24 km/h). The section between Park Row and Briggate is also reserved for buses only and cars are not permitted to use it.
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Torquay
Coordinates: 50°28′45″N 3°31′50″W / 50.4792°N 3.5305°W / 50.4792; -3.5305
Torquay ( /tɔrˈkiː/) is a town in the unitary authority area of Torbay and ceremonial county of Devon, England. It lies 22 miles (35 km) south of Exeter along the A380 on the north of Torbay, 38 miles (61 km) north-east of Plymouth and adjoins the neighbouring town of Paignton on the west of the bay. Torquay’s population of 63,998 during the 2001 UK Census made it the third largest settlement in Devon. If the Torbay area, of which Torquay forms a third, were to be recognised as a city, it would rank as the 45th largest city in the United Kingdom with a population only slightly less than that of Brighton, which was granted city status in 2000. During the peak summer season the resort's population swells to around 200,000.
The town's economy was initially based upon fishing and agriculture as in the case of Brixham across Torbay, but in the early 19th century the town began to develop into a fashionable seaside resort, initially frequented by members of the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars while the Royal Navy anchored in the bay and later by the crème de la crème of Victorian society as the town's fame spread. Renowned for its healthful climate, the town earned the nickname of the English Riviera and favourable comparisons to Montpellier.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Warwickshire
Warwickshire (i/ˈwɒrɨkʃər/ or /ˈwɒrɨkʃɪər/) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare and George Elliot. Commonly used abbreviations for the county are Warks or Warwicks.
The five districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton & Bedworth, Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon together form the Warwickshire County Council area, and are within the 1974 boundaries. The shape of the administrative area of Warwickshire differs considerably from that of the historic county, which also includes the now autonomous unitary authorities of Coventry and Solihull, as well as a small area around central and northeast Birmingham.
For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG13) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire" NUTS 2 region.
Warwickshire is bounded to the north-west by the West Midlands metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the east, Worcestershire to the west, Oxfordshire to the south and Gloucestershire to the south-west. The northern tip of the county is only 3 miles (5 km) from the Derbyshire border. An average-sized English county covering an area of almost 2,000 km2, it runs some 60 miles (97 km) north to south.
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Wiltshire
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪltʃər/ or /ˈwɪltʃɪər/, formerly /ˈwɪlʃər/; or the County of Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). The ancient county town was Wilton, but since 1930 Wiltshire County Council and its successor Wiltshire Council (from 2009) have been based at Trowbridge.
Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is famous as the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks and as the main training area in the UK of the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its mediaeval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.
The county, in the 9th century written as Wiltunscir, later Wiltonshire, is named after the former county town of Wilton, itself named after the river Wylye, one of eight rivers which drain the county.
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Winchester
Coordinates: 51°03′48″N 1°18′31″W / 51.0632°N 1.3085°W / 51.0632; -1.3085
Winchester (archaically known as Winton and Wintonceastre) is a historic cathedral city and former capital city of England. It is the county town of Hampshire, in South East England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, and is located at the western end of the South Downs, along the course of the River Itchen. At the time of the 2001 Census, Winchester had a population of 41,420.
Winchester developed from the Roman town of Venta Belgarum. Winchester's major landmark is Winchester Cathedral, one of the largest cathedrals in Europe, with the distinction of having the longest nave and overall length of all Gothic cathedrals in Europe. The town is also home to the University of Winchester and the famous public school, Winchester College. The city's architectural and historic interest, and its fast links to other towns and cities have led Winchester to become one of the most expensive and desirable areas of the country. A person who is from or resides in Winchester is sometimes locally known as a Wintonian.
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Winton, Dorset
Coordinates: 50°44′28″N 1°52′37″W / 50.741°N 1.877°W / 50.741; -1.877
Winton is a suburb of Bournemouth in Dorset, England. It lies approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Bournemouth town centre, along Wimborne Road (the A347).
The name Winton derives from Wintoun Castle in Scotland, which was home to the Earl of Wintoun, a relative of the Talbot family (who were local land owners).
At the beginning of the 19th century the area was just rough heathland, with just a track linking ancient Moordown Village to Horseshoe Common. In 1805 this all changed when a new main road through Winton was put in and named Muscliff Road (today it is known as Wimborne Road).
Around 1850 wealthy Scottish philanthropists Georgina and Marianne Talbot saw the plight of local workers and set about trying to improve their lives by purchasing land along the road and building four artisan cottages and sinking wells to provide fresh water.
By 1891 the population of Winton had reached 4,000 and by 1894 the needs of Winton were so great that they were put under the care of the Winton Parish Council and later in 1897 Winton Urban District Council was formed. In 1901 Bournemouth (which was by then a county borough) increased its boundaries to include Winton and other districts.
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Wokingham
Coordinates: 51°24′36″N 0°50′24″W / 51.410°N 0.840°W / 51.410; -0.840
Wokingham is a market town and civil parish in Berkshire in South East England about 33 miles (53 km) west of central London. It is about 7 miles (11 km) east-southeast of Reading and 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Bracknell. It contains an area of 557 acres (0.9 sq mi) and, according to the 2001 census, has a population of 30,403. It is the seat of the Borough of Wokingham.
Before 1844, the north of the parish of Wokingham was part of a detached portion, or exclave, of the county of Wiltshire, the border of which is some 30 miles (48 km) to the west. The Counties (Detached Parts) Act of that year resulted in its transfer to the county of Berkshire.
Wokingham was a borough before the 1974 reorganisation of local government, when it merged with Wokingham Rural District to form the new Wokingham District. What had been Wokingham Borough became Wokingham Town, but retained its mayor. The District Council applied for borough status, which was granted and came into force on 9 March 2007. As of this date, the District (which stretches from the Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire borders in the north to the Hampshire border in the southwest) has also been able to elect a mayor.
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Wolverhampton
Wolverhamptoni/ˌwʊlvərˈhæmptən/ is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. For Eurostat purposes Walsall and Wolverhampton is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG35) and is one of five boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "West Midlands" NUTS 2 region. In 2004, the local government district had an estimated population of 239,100. Wolverhampton is part of the West Midlands Urban Area which had a population of 2.3 million in the 2001 census which makes it part of the second largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
Historically a part of Staffordshire, and forming part of the metropolitan county of the West Midlands from 1974, the city is commonly recognised as being named after King Wulfhere, who established an abbey in 659. The original name being from Wulfereēantūn = "Wulfhere's high or principal enclosure or farm" after the Mercian King. The name Wulfrun is used to denote a later nun who established a church in the city – for example, for the Wulfrun Centre or for Wulfrun Hall.
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Coccinelle
Coccinelle (23 August 1931—9 October 2006) was a French transsexual actress and entertainer. Hers was the first widely publicized sexual reassignment case in Europe, where she was a national celebrity and a renowned club singer.
Born in Paris under the name of Jacques Charles Dufresnoy, she took the stage name Coccinelle (French for "Ladybird") -- when she entered show business, making her debut as a transgender showgirl in 1953 at Chez Madame Arthur. She later performed regularly at the famous nightclub Le Carrousel de Paris, which also featured regular acts by other famous transsexuals such as April Ashley and Marie-Pier Ysser. In 1958, she traveled to Casablanca to undergo a vaginoplasty by Dr. Georges Burou. She was born at rue Notre Dame de Nazareth Nr.66 in the 3e arrondissement.
She very quickly became a media sensation upon her return to France as a woman, with a look and stage act based on the prominent sex symbols of the day. Historian Joanne Meyerowitz wrote "the more sexualized MTF showed up in the sensationalized press in the stories on Coccinelle, who worked at Le Carrousel in Paris". In 1959 she appeared in Europa di notte by director Alessandro Blasetti. That same year, Italian singer Ghigo Agosti dedicated the song “Coccinella” to her, provoking widespread consternation and controversy. Coccinelle appeared in the 1962 film Los Viciosos and was the first French transsexual woman to become a major star, when Bruno Coquatrix splashed her name in red letters on the front of Paris Olympia for her 1963 revue, "Cherchez la Femme". She later appeared in the 1968 film Días de Viejo Color. In Hebrew, the word coccinelle (קוקסינל, pronounced koksinel) is used as a synonym for transsexual, often derogatorily.
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Jamie Oliver
James Trevor "Jamie" Oliver, MBE (born 27 May 1975) is an English chef, restaurateur and media personality, known for his food-focused television shows, cookbooks and more recently his campaign against the use of processed foods in national schools. He strives to improve unhealthy diets and poor cooking habits in the United Kingdom and the United States. Jamie Oliver's speciality is Italian cuisine, although he has a broad international repertoire.
Jamie Oliver was brought up in Clavering, Essex, England. His parents ran a pub, "The Cricketers", where he used to practise in the kitchen. He was educated at Newport Free Grammar School. He left school at age sixteen without qualifications and went on to attend Westminster Kingsway College, formerly Westminster College. He then earned a City & Guilds NVQ in home economics.
His first job was as a pastry chef at Antonio Carluccio's Neal's Yard restaurant, where he first gained experience with preparing Italian cuisine, and developed a relationship with his 'mentor' Gennaro Contaldo. Oliver then moved to The River Café, Fulham, as a sous chef.
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John Cleese
John Marwood Cleese (/ˈkliːz/; born 27 October 1939) is an English actor, comedian, writer and film producer. He achieved success at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and as a scriptwriter and performer on The Frost Report. In the late 1960s he became a member of Monty Python, the comedy troupe responsible for the sketch show Monty Python's Flying Circus and the four Monty Python films: And Now for Something Completely Different, The Holy Grail, Life of Brian and The Meaning of Life.
In the mid 1970s, Cleese and his first wife, Connie Booth, co-wrote and starred in the British sitcom Fawlty Towers. Later, he co-starred with Kevin Kline, Jamie Lee Curtis and former Python colleague Michael Palin in A Fish Called Wanda and Fierce Creatures. He also starred in Clockwise, and has appeared in many other films, including two James Bond films as R/Q, two Harry Potter films and three Shrek films.
With Yes Minister writer Antony Jay he co-founded Video Arts, a production company making entertaining training films.
wn.com/John_Cleese -
John James Sainsbury
John James Sainsbury (12th June 1844 – 1928) was the founder of the Sainsbury's supermarket chain.
John James Sainsbury was born on 12 June 1844 at 5 Oakley Street, Lambeth, to John Sainsbury (baptised 1809, d. 1863), ornament and picture frame maker, and his wife Elizabeth Sarah, née Coombes (1817–1902). During his childhood his family moved house several times between rented rooms. The area in which they lived was close to the Thames wharves and to Waterloo station, which opened in 1848.
John James started work at the age of 14. He may have stayed at school beyond the normal leaving age of 10 or 11, possibly helping out as a 'monitor'. His first job was with a grocer in the New Cut, Lambeth.
In 1863 John James's father died and John James took on the additional responsibility of helping to support his mother and two sisters.
At the age of 24, he married Mary Ann Staples and they set up a dairy shop together at 173 Drury Lane, Holborn. The couple had probably saved a few pounds with which to buy shop equipment but their circumstances were extremely modest. They shared the cramped accommodation above the little shop with three other families.
wn.com/John_James_Sainsbury -
Patricia Hewitt
Patricia Hope Hewitt (born 2 December 1948) is a British Labour Party politician, who served in the Cabinet until 2007, most recently as Health Secretary.
Originally a Tory, Hewitt soon became a high-profile left-winger and supporter of Tony Benn, being classified by MI5 as a communist sympathiser. After nine years as General Secretary of the National Council for Civil Liberties, she became press secretary to Neil Kinnock, whom she assisted in the modernisation of the Labour Party. In 1997, she became the first female MP for Leicester West, a safe Labour seat, which she represented for thirteen years.
In 2001, she joined Blair's cabinet as Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, before becoming Health Secretary in 2005, chiefly remembered for getting smoking banned in public places, against heavy opposition. Hewitt has sparked many controversies, notably her selection of a female job-applicant over a stronger male candidate, and her theory that fathers may not be a useful influence in the upbringing of children.
wn.com/Patricia_Hewitt -
Sir Robert Sainsbury
Sir Robert Sainsbury (24 October 1906 – 2 April 2000), was the son of John Benjamin Sainsbury (the eldest son of Sainsbury's supermarkets founder John James Sainsbury), and along with his wife Lisa began the collection of modern and tribal art housed at the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich.
Robert Sainsbury was educated at Haileybury College and Pembroke College, Cambridge, before qualifying as an accountant.
Robert and his wife, Lisa, had three daughters, Elizabeth (Elizabeth Clark, 19 July 1938 – 14 August 1977), Celia and Annabel, and a son, David.
In 1930, he joined the family grocery business founded by his grandfather, and became joint president almost 40 years later.
Robert Sainsbury was an advocate of better conditions for the retail chain's employees. Pensions and sickness benefits for all staff came in 1935; overtime payments were introduced in 1941; and, from 1962, the five-day week was standard.
Eight years after he joined the family firm, his father, John Benjamin Sainsbury, retired due to ill-health, and Robert Sainsbury and his elder brother Alan Sainsbury became joint general managers. While Alan Sainsbury took charge of trading matters, Robert Sainsbury specialised in administration, finance and personnel. It was a happy partnership, lasting more than 30 years.
wn.com/Sir_Robert_Sainsbury
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Sainsburys Heaton Colleagues Perform Five's Everybody Get Up for Sport Relief 2012 video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
100 Colleagues from Sainsbury's Heaton in Newcastle upon Tyne have got together to raise money for Sports Relief. Be amazed at the singing and dancing talent we have in our store. Thank you for watching and please remember to donate!
http://wn.com/Sainsburys_Heaton_Colleagues_Perform_Five's_Everybody_Get_Up_for_Sport_Relief_2012_video
100 Colleagues from Sainsbury's Heaton in Newcastle upon Tyne have got together to raise money for Sports Relief. Be amazed at the singing and dancing talent we have in our store. Thank you for watching and please remember to donate!
Sainsbury's Customer Service Manager
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
Jen Taylor explains how she got onto the Sainsbury's Trainee Manager scheme after finishing University. She describes the training involved in the scheme and her initial thoughts of the scheme. She emphasises the need to be able to communicate with a wide variety of people and the work and dedication it takes to complete the course at Sainsbury's. She then highlights the transferable skills obtained through the Sainsbury's trainee manager scheme, the great salary, and her aspirations for her future career at Sainsbury's. Interested? www.sainsburys.co.uk
http://wn.com/Sainsbury's_Customer_Service_Manager
Jen Taylor explains how she got onto the Sainsbury's Trainee Manager scheme after finishing University. She describes the training involved in the scheme and her initial thoughts of the scheme. She emphasises the need to be able to communicate with a wide variety of people and the work and dedication it takes to complete the course at Sainsbury's. She then highlights the transferable skills obtained through the Sainsbury's trainee manager scheme, the great salary, and her aspirations for her future career at Sainsbury's. Interested? www.sainsburys.co.uk
- published: 21 Apr 2011
- views: 4136
- author: sainsburyscareers
Tesco v Sainsbury's: Who's Winning?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
The battle between two of Britain's biggest supermarkets has never been fiercer. Sainsbury's issued some solid results for the first 3 months of this year. But Tesco didn't fair so well in the same period. So what's Sainsbury's been doing right lately and why does Tesco seem to be struggling? The IBTIMES Business Desk has been talking to a retail analyst. The Sainsbury's Live Well For Less ad. Matt Piner from Colunmino told IBTIMES he reckons that marketing and advertising like these - speaking straight to shoppers and is part of their winning formula. Tugging at people's purse strings, when it comes to being able to provide healthy meals for their families on a tight budget. In-store sales for Quarter 1 were up 1.4% (excluding fuel). And it had its best Christmas ever. In contrast Tesco's sales dipped by 1.5% (excluding VAT & Petrol) for the same quarter and, at Christmas, they issued a profits warning. Focussing on opening new stores across the UK, instead of zhuzhing up existing ones, didn't seem to hit the mark; the CEO walked out in March and now they've now switched to upgrading stores. Piner reckons some customers saw Tesco stores as being outdated and felt they'd lost touch with customers. With a recent refresh of their 20-year-old 'Value' own brand range, to 'Everyday Value', it seems like Tesco's has taken up that challenge to keep a very tight grip on its position as the biggest force to be reckoned with in the British grocery market. Written & Presented by ...
http://wn.com/Tesco_v_Sainsbury's_Who's_Winning?
The battle between two of Britain's biggest supermarkets has never been fiercer. Sainsbury's issued some solid results for the first 3 months of this year. But Tesco didn't fair so well in the same period. So what's Sainsbury's been doing right lately and why does Tesco seem to be struggling? The IBTIMES Business Desk has been talking to a retail analyst. The Sainsbury's Live Well For Less ad. Matt Piner from Colunmino told IBTIMES he reckons that marketing and advertising like these - speaking straight to shoppers and is part of their winning formula. Tugging at people's purse strings, when it comes to being able to provide healthy meals for their families on a tight budget. In-store sales for Quarter 1 were up 1.4% (excluding fuel). And it had its best Christmas ever. In contrast Tesco's sales dipped by 1.5% (excluding VAT & Petrol) for the same quarter and, at Christmas, they issued a profits warning. Focussing on opening new stores across the UK, instead of zhuzhing up existing ones, didn't seem to hit the mark; the CEO walked out in March and now they've now switched to upgrading stores. Piner reckons some customers saw Tesco stores as being outdated and felt they'd lost touch with customers. With a recent refresh of their 20-year-old 'Value' own brand range, to 'Everyday Value', it seems like Tesco's has taken up that challenge to keep a very tight grip on its position as the biggest force to be reckoned with in the British grocery market. Written & Presented by ...
- published: 13 Jun 2012
- views: 1262
- author: IBTimesUK
Sainsbury's depot gears up for Christmas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
Sainsbury's depot gears up for Christmas SUBSCRIBE: bit.ly David Levene and Michael White take a tour of Sainsbury's vast fulfilment centre in the run-up to Christmas. The main building has a perimeter of over a mile and the goods are stacked 50 ff high. As the lorries get revved up for seasonal deliveries take a rare look inside at an extraordinary spectacle.
http://wn.com/Sainsbury's_depot_gears_up_for_Christmas
Sainsbury's depot gears up for Christmas SUBSCRIBE: bit.ly David Levene and Michael White take a tour of Sainsbury's vast fulfilment centre in the run-up to Christmas. The main building has a perimeter of over a mile and the goods are stacked 50 ff high. As the lorries get revved up for seasonal deliveries take a rare look inside at an extraordinary spectacle.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 1954
- author: TheGuardian
David Beckham plays Blind Football with the British Paralympic team
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Football legend David Beckham takes on the ParalympicsGB Visually Impaired Football Team in support of the Sainsbury's 1 Million Kids Challenge, which aims to get a million children trying a Paralympic sport. If you're interested in getting your school involved you can www.sainsburys.co.uk Can not be reproduced without the express permission of Sainsbury's.
http://wn.com/David_Beckham_plays_Blind_Football_with_the_British_Paralympic_team
Football legend David Beckham takes on the ParalympicsGB Visually Impaired Football Team in support of the Sainsbury's 1 Million Kids Challenge, which aims to get a million children trying a Paralympic sport. If you're interested in getting your school involved you can www.sainsburys.co.uk Can not be reproduced without the express permission of Sainsbury's.
- published: 23 Nov 2011
- views: 360891
- author: Sainsburys
Special Offers at Sainsbury's
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Special_Offers_at_Sainsbury's
SAINSBURYS 140 years of advert
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/SAINSBURYS_140_years_of_advert
Supermarket Flashmob
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
On Wednesday 14th March around 50 people attempted a mass freeze frame in a Manchester supermarket lasting four minutes. Five cameras captured the event.
http://wn.com/Supermarket_Flashmob
On Wednesday 14th March around 50 people attempted a mass freeze frame in a Manchester supermarket lasting four minutes. Five cameras captured the event.
- published: 13 Jun 2007
- views: 8055038
- author: tomcuz84
Sainsburys Family Christmas (John Cleese) - 1990's UK Advert
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:41
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Sainsburys Family Christmas (John Cleese) - 1990's UK Advert
http://wn.com/Sainsburys_Family_Christmas_John_Cleese_1990's_UK_Advert
Sainsburys Family Christmas (John Cleese) - 1990's UK Advert
- published: 09 Feb 2008
- views: 25080
- author: DrDejvu
Sainsbury's Paralympics TV Advert - with David Beckham
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Watch Sainsbury's latest TV advert featuring team GB athletes, plus David Beckham introducing you to the London 2012 Paralympic Games. To find out more visit www.sainsburys-live-well-for-less.co.uk
http://wn.com/Sainsbury's_Paralympics_TV_Advert_with_David_Beckham
Watch Sainsbury's latest TV advert featuring team GB athletes, plus David Beckham introducing you to the London 2012 Paralympic Games. To find out more visit www.sainsburys-live-well-for-less.co.uk
- published: 15 Aug 2012
- views: 103919
- author: Sainsburys
Sainsbury's Live Well For Less Autumn TV advert
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
It shouldn't cost a lot to have the good things in life, and at Sainsbury's you can live well for less than you thought. Based on price perception data August 2012. Find out more at www.sainsburys.co.uk/livewellforless.
http://wn.com/Sainsbury's_Live_Well_For_Less_Autumn_TV_advert
It shouldn't cost a lot to have the good things in life, and at Sainsbury's you can live well for less than you thought. Based on price perception data August 2012. Find out more at www.sainsburys.co.uk/livewellforless.
- published: 16 Sep 2012
- views: 8135
- author: Sainsburys
Sainsbury's Managers' Christmas Pantomime!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:08
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Ever wonder what the helpful, respectable members of management at your local supermarket get up to in the "Staff Only" areas of the store? Well now you know! A pantomime put on by the Management of the Wakefield, Ings Road Sainsbury's as entertainment for the staff Christmas buffet. "Jackie and the Beanstalk"
http://wn.com/Sainsbury's_Managers'_Christmas_Pantomime!
Ever wonder what the helpful, respectable members of management at your local supermarket get up to in the "Staff Only" areas of the store? Well now you know! A pantomime put on by the Management of the Wakefield, Ings Road Sainsbury's as entertainment for the staff Christmas buffet. "Jackie and the Beanstalk"
- published: 15 Dec 2012
- views: 92
- author: thepezmetal
Ellesmere Port Sainsburys Grease is the Word 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:25
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Ellesmere_Port_Sainsburys_Grease_is_the_Word_2012
Sainsbury's TV ad - See How You Can Live Well for Less Than You Thought at Sainsbury's
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Enjoying life's special moments shouldn't cost the earth. Watch Sainsbury's TV ad to see why and visit www.sainsburys.co.uk/livewellforless to find out more. You can live well for less than you thought at Sainsbury's, based on price perception data, July 2011.
http://wn.com/Sainsbury's_TV_ad_See_How_You_Can_Live_Well_for_Less_Than_You_Thought_at_Sainsbury's
Enjoying life's special moments shouldn't cost the earth. Watch Sainsbury's TV ad to see why and visit www.sainsburys.co.uk/livewellforless to find out more. You can live well for less than you thought at Sainsbury's, based on price perception data, July 2011.
- published: 21 Sep 2011
- views: 13346
- author: Sainsburys
Jamie Oliver in Sainsbury's Taste Advert
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:51
- Updated: 03 Sep 2011
Sainsburys knows that taste is one of lifes greatest pleasures. Great ingredients, Meat from the right farms, Picking Fruit at the right time & Taste Testing all of our products means that Sainsburys can give you tasty food no matter the occasion! Dont just eat food..taste it. For more information and some great recipe ideas visit: www.bit.ly
http://wn.com/Jamie_Oliver_in_Sainsbury's_Taste_Advert
Sainsburys knows that taste is one of lifes greatest pleasures. Great ingredients, Meat from the right farms, Picking Fruit at the right time & Taste Testing all of our products means that Sainsburys can give you tasty food no matter the occasion! Dont just eat food..taste it. For more information and some great recipe ideas visit: www.bit.ly
- published: 03 Jun 2010
- views: 12524
- author: sainsburystv
Trans Am "Tesco vs Sainsbury's" live 4/28/07 Chi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
live at empty bottle in chicago. 4-28-07 shot and edited by mike and stacey with help from bryan b. www.analogmonkey.tv
http://wn.com/Trans_Am_Tesco_vs_Sainsbury's_live_4_28_07_Chi
live at empty bottle in chicago. 4-28-07 shot and edited by mike and stacey with help from bryan b. www.analogmonkey.tv
- published: 17 Jul 2007
- views: 14081
- author: analogmonkeyvideo
Sainsbury's Store Manager
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 18 Dec 2011
Paul Coulson discusses how he worked his way through Sainsbury's to become a Store manager by his 30th birthday. He outlines the variety of his role and non-typical daily routine due to the large number of colleagues and customers at Sainsbury's. He then explains the reward package for employees, he lists the key skills required to be a Sainsbury's store manager with an emphasis on communication and states his recommendation for Sainsbury's as an employer. Interested? www.sainsburys.co.uk
http://wn.com/Sainsbury's_Store_Manager
Paul Coulson discusses how he worked his way through Sainsbury's to become a Store manager by his 30th birthday. He outlines the variety of his role and non-typical daily routine due to the large number of colleagues and customers at Sainsbury's. He then explains the reward package for employees, he lists the key skills required to be a Sainsbury's store manager with an emphasis on communication and states his recommendation for Sainsbury's as an employer. Interested? www.sainsburys.co.uk
- published: 21 Apr 2011
- views: 2248
- author: sainsburyscareers
Sainsbury's and Channel 4 presents...David Clarke
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 05 Sep 2012
For ParalympicsGB blind football captain David Clarke, winning a silver medal at the 2012 Paralympic Games will represent failure. "I own five silver medals and loathe every single one of them - gold should be the only medal there is," he says in the first of a new series of Sainsbury's short videos featuring some of Britain's best Paralympic talent. paralympics.channel4.com
http://wn.com/Sainsbury's_and_Channel_4_presentsDavid_Clarke
For ParalympicsGB blind football captain David Clarke, winning a silver medal at the 2012 Paralympic Games will represent failure. "I own five silver medals and loathe every single one of them - gold should be the only medal there is," he says in the first of a new series of Sainsbury's short videos featuring some of Britain's best Paralympic talent. paralympics.channel4.com
- published: 30 Jan 2012
- views: 1785
- author: C4Paralympics
The Wanted dispel rumours at Sainsbury's Super Saturday whilst chatting to Craveonmusic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
The Wanted chat Lightning, rumours, Parade and of course Sainsbury's at Sainsbury's Super Saturday 10th September 2011. For more exclusive interviews, competitions and music news, visit craveomnusic.com
http://wn.com/The_Wanted_dispel_rumours_at_Sainsbury's_Super_Saturday_whilst_chatting_to_Craveonmusic
The Wanted chat Lightning, rumours, Parade and of course Sainsbury's at Sainsbury's Super Saturday 10th September 2011. For more exclusive interviews, competitions and music news, visit craveomnusic.com
- published: 18 Sep 2011
- views: 23928
- author: Crave onmusic
The Sainsbury's Try team hunt down One Direction for a chinese take away
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
The Sainsbury's Try team hunt down One Direction for a chinese take away The Sainsbury's Try team are cooking a chinese take away in the X Factor kitchen whilst the contestants have been held up at the studio. Watch them hunt down One Direction to bring them some dinner! Follow the Try Team and the X Factor contestants in the kitchen each week by visiting: xfactor.itv.com
http://wn.com/The_Sainsbury's_Try_team_hunt_down_One_Direction_for_a_chinese_take_away
The Sainsbury's Try team hunt down One Direction for a chinese take away The Sainsbury's Try team are cooking a chinese take away in the X Factor kitchen whilst the contestants have been held up at the studio. Watch them hunt down One Direction to bring them some dinner! Follow the Try Team and the X Factor contestants in the kitchen each week by visiting: xfactor.itv.com
- published: 03 Dec 2010
- views: 23785
- author: ZaynMaliksWorld
whisky review 122 - Sainsbury's Single Malt Irish Whiskey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:53
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
... a Supermarket Special, and for the price of £13.49, a good deal ! This is a decent, exciting young Irish character of considerable personality, and reflects the fact that some seriously good Whiskies are to be found out-with official bottlings. Incredibly, this Whiskey finishes sherbet and salty with cream soda hints.
http://wn.com/whisky_review_122_Sainsbury's_Single_Malt_Irish_Whiskey
... a Supermarket Special, and for the price of £13.49, a good deal ! This is a decent, exciting young Irish character of considerable personality, and reflects the fact that some seriously good Whiskies are to be found out-with official bottlings. Incredibly, this Whiskey finishes sherbet and salty with cream soda hints.
- published: 01 Apr 2010
- views: 7022
- author: ralfystuff
Veggie Burger Recipe - Sainsbury's Try Team
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:19
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
In this video watch the Sainsbury's Try Team creating a delicious & easy to make veggie burger recipe. For more cooking tips & ideas visit www.sainsburys.co.uk or visit our channel http
http://wn.com/Veggie_Burger_Recipe_Sainsbury's_Try_Team
In this video watch the Sainsbury's Try Team creating a delicious & easy to make veggie burger recipe. For more cooking tips & ideas visit www.sainsburys.co.uk or visit our channel http
- published: 24 Jun 2009
- views: 23813
- author: sainsburystryteam
TRANS AM TESCO VS SAINSBURYS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
CRAZY MUSIC VID,
http://wn.com/TRANS_AM_TESCO_VS_SAINSBURYS
photo: AP / Guang Niu, Pool
16 Dec 2012
Retired Col. Gen. Viktor Yesin yesterday wrapped up a visit to the United States during which he met with officials at the Pentagon, State Department as well as members of Congress warning about underestimating China’s tactical nuclear weapons buildup ... Yesin warns that U.S. and Western arms specialists are dramatically underestimating China’s nuclear arsenal ... Somewhere between the higher and lower estimates is no doubt the truth ... Mr ... Mr ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
photo: AP / Jason DeCrow
16 Dec 2012
NEWTOWN, Conn. — The gunman in the Connecticut shooting rampage committed suicide as first responders closed in, the governor said Sunday, raising the specter that Adam Lanza had planned an even more gruesome massacre and was stopped short. Lanza blasted his way into the building and used a high-power rifle to kill 20 children and six adults, including the principal who tried to stop him, authorities said ... Among the questions ... H ... The Rev....(size: 8.8Kb)
photo: AP / David Goldman
17 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON—Democrats say meaningful action in the wake of last week's elementary school shooting must include a ban on military-style assault weapons and a look at how the nation deals with individuals suffering from serious mental illness. Several Democratic lawmakers and Independent Sen ... Gun control was a hot topic in the early 1990s, when Congress enacted a 10-year ban on assault weapons ... He added ... Sen ... Rep ... ———....(size: 5.3Kb)
photo: AP / Newtown Bee, Shannon Hicks
15 Dec 2012
The massacre of 26 children and adults at an elementary school in the US state of Connecticut elicited horror and soul-searching around the world even as it raised more basic questions about why the gunman, a 20-year-old described as brilliant but remote, would have been driven to such a crime and how he chose his victims ... He paused for several seconds to keep his composure as he teared up and wiped an eye ... ... "I'm numb ... Yes, yeah....(size: 8.8Kb)
photo: AP / Newtown Bee, Shannon Hicks
15 Dec 2012
Newtown, Conn. Twenty schoolchildren were slaughtered by a heavily armed gunman who opened fire at a suburban elementary school in Connecticut on Friday, ultimately killing at least 27 people including himself in the one of the worst mass shootings in US history ... Authorities found 18 children and seven adults, including the gunman, dead at the school, and two children were pronounced dead later after being taken to a hospital ... Reuters ....(size: 7.5Kb)
The Independent
18 Dec 2012
So it's goodnight from Anna Ford?. Yep, the former BBC newsreader is standing down as non-executive director of Sainsbury's at the end of this year, having joined the board in May 2005. And it's hello to Jean Tomlin? ... So she's up there in the big league?. Oh yes ... How did she get to the Olympics? ... Well, not quite ... Sainsbury's is a big but non-executive role paying £75,000 a year ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
noodls
18 Dec 2012
The information contained in this report that relates to assay results of rock samples and drill chips, to mineral resource estimates and to ore reserve estimates of mineralisation is based on information compiled by John Sainsbury (BSc, AusIMM) ... John Sainsbury has consented to the inclusion of this information in the form and context in which it appears....(size: 9.8Kb)
The Guardian
18 Dec 2012
A Sumitomo Life spokesman declined to comment. (Reporting by Taiga Uranaka and Mayumi Negishi). Business ... Provider Headline rate APR Derbyshire Personal Loan 5.40% 5.4% More Sainsbury's Shopper Personal Loan 5.50% 5.5% More Clydesdale Bank Personal Loan 5.60% 5.6% More ... Last 24 hours....(size: 14.6Kb)
The Guardian
18 Dec 2012
LONDON (Reuters) - Tesco Plc is moving closer to appointing a chief executive, which could come in the early months of next year, the Financial Times reported on Tuesday ... Business ... Provider Headline rate APR Derbyshire Personal Loan 5.40% 5.4% More Sainsbury's Shopper Personal Loan 5.50% 5.5% More Clydesdale Bank Personal Loan 5.60% 5.6% More ... Last 24 hours....(size: 15.0Kb)
The Guardian
18 Dec 2012
(Reporting by Leika Kihara, Yoshifumi Takemoto, Sumio Ito and Stanley White; Editing by Edmund Klamann). Business ... Provider Headline rate APR Derbyshire Personal Loan 5.40% 5.4% More Sainsbury's Shopper Personal Loan 5.50% 5.5% More Clydesdale Bank Personal Loan 5.60% 5.6% More ... Last 24 hours. Last 24 hours ... • Follow our journalists on a Twitter list....(size: 14.9Kb)
The Guardian
18 Dec 2012
In exchange, the president is willing to agree to $1.22 trillion in spending reductions, including some cuts achieved by changing the way cost of living adjustments are made to Social Security retirement benefits and other programs ... Business ... Provider Headline rate APR Derbyshire Personal Loan 5.40% 5.4% More Sainsbury's Shopper Personal Loan 5.50% 5.5% More Clydesdale Bank Personal Loan 5.60% 5.6% More ... Last 24 hours. Last 24 hours....(size: 15.9Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
18 Dec 2012
Recipes by TV chefs including Jamie Oliver and Nigella Lawson are "less healthy" than ready meals, researchers have said ... Neither the ready meals or the recipes complied with all of the nutritional recommendations by the World Health Organisation (WHO), the study suggested ... They compared the nutritional content of 100 recipes randomly selected from the books to 100 own-brand ready meals from Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury's ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
BBC News
18 Dec 2012
Recipes by prominent TV chefs are less healthy than supermarket ready meals, Newcastle University researchers say. Meals by Jamie Oliver, Lorraine Pascale, Nigella Lawson and Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall were compared to those from Asda, Sainsbury's and Tesco. The meals in TV chefs' cookbooks contained more calories, fat, saturated fat and sugar - but less salt ... Continue reading the main story “Start Quote ... Red light ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
The Guardian
18 Dec 2012
By John McCrank ... By late Monday, Knight had not reached a decision on which offer to accept, as it weighed different structures of the bids as well as the motivations of some of its own investors, according to one of the sources ... A spokesman for Jefferies had no comment ... Provider Headline rate APR Derbyshire Personal Loan 5.40% 5.4% More Sainsbury's Shopper Personal Loan 5.50% 5.5% More Clydesdale Bank Personal Loan 5.60% 5.6% More....(size: 17.3Kb)
The Guardian
18 Dec 2012
By Saeed Azhar ... Charoen, whose Thai Beverage PCL and TCC Assets Ltd own a combined 34 percent of F&N; , is trying to increase his stake in F&N; to more than 50 percent by next month, when his takeover bid for the 129-year-old beverage and property group expires ... HEDGE FUNDS ... Provider Headline rate APR Derbyshire Personal Loan 5.40% 5.4% More Sainsbury's Shopper Personal Loan 5.50% 5.5% More Clydesdale Bank Personal Loan 5.60% 5.6% More....(size: 17.7Kb)
The Guardian
18 Dec 2012
BEIJING (Reuters) - China home prices showed fresh signs of recovery taking hold in November, the fourth month in the last five to show a rise as a two-year long government campaign to curb prices frays ... SHARP REBOUND UNWELCOME ... The view was echoed by analysts ... Business ... Provider Headline rate APR Derbyshire Personal Loan 5.40% 5.4% More Sainsbury's Shopper Personal Loan 5.50% 5.5% More Clydesdale Bank Personal Loan 5.60% 5.6% More....(size: 18.1Kb)
The Guardian
18 Dec 2012
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Wal-Mart Stores Inc's Mexican affiliate routinely used bribes to open stores in desirable locations, according to a New York Times investigation published Monday, which cites 19 instances of the retail giant paying off local officials ... The U.S ... Business ... Provider Headline rate APR Derbyshire Personal Loan 5.40% 5.4% More Sainsbury's Shopper Personal Loan 5.50% 5.5% More Clydesdale Bank Personal Loan 5.60% 5.6% More....(size: 18.3Kb)
The Guardian
18 Dec 2012
By Stella Dawson. WASHINGTON, Dec 17 (TrustLaw) - Crime, corruption and tax evasion have cost the developing world nearly $6 trillion (3.70 trillion pounds) over the past decade, and illicit funds keep growing, led by China, a financial watchdog group said in a new report ... Provider Headline rate APR Derbyshire Personal Loan 5.40% 5.4% More Sainsbury's Shopper Personal Loan 5.50% 5.5% More Clydesdale Bank Personal Loan 5.60% 5.6% More....(size: 18.5Kb)
This article is about the supermarket business. For other uses of the Sainsbury name, see Sainsbury (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°06′30″W / 51.51722°N 0.10833°W / 51.51722; -0.10833
 |
|
| Type | Public |
|---|---|
| Traded as | LSE: SBRY |
| Industry | Retailing |
| Founded | 1869 |
| Headquarters | Holborn Circus City of London, United Kingdom |
| Number of locations | 1,000 (As at Nov 2011) |
| Key people | David Tyler (Chairman) Justin King (Chief Executive) |
| Products | Convenience/Forecourt Store, Hypermarket/Supercenter/Superstore, Supermarket |
| Revenue | £21,102 million (2011)[1] |
| Operating income | £851 million (2011)[1] |
| Net income | £640 million (2011)[1] |
| Employees | 150,000 (2011)[1] |
| Subsidiaries | Sainsbury's Bank Plc Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd. Sainsbury's Convenience Stores Ltd. |
| Website | Corporate Website Consumer Website |
J Sainsbury plc (LSE: SBRY) is the parent company of Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd, commonly known as Sainsbury's, the third largest chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom with a share of the UK supermarket sector of 16.5%.[2] The group's head office is in the Sainsbury's Store Support Centre in Holborn Circus, City of London.[3] The group also has interests in property and banking.
Sainsbury's was founded in 1869 by John James Sainsbury and his wife Mary Ann Sainsbury (née Staples), in London, England, and grew rapidly during the Victorian era. It grew to become the largest grocery retailer in 1922, pioneered self-service retailing in the UK, and had its heyday during the 1980s. In 1995, Tesco overtook Sainsbury's to become the market leader, and Asda became the second largest in 2003, demoting Sainsbury's into third place.
The founding Sainsbury family still retain approximately 15% of J Sainsbury plc shares (as of May 2008), through various trusts. The family reduced their stake from 35% in 2005. The largest Sainsbury family shareholders are Lord Sainsbury of Turville with 5.83% and Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover, who controls just under 3% of the company, and benefits from 1.6% of the equity included in the above. The largest overall shareholder is the investment vehicle of the Qatari royal family who now hold 26.145% of the company.
It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
History[link]
The Victorian era[link]
Sainsbury's was established as a partnership in 1869 when John James Sainsbury and his wife Mary Ann opened a store at 173 Drury Lane in Holborn, London.[4] He started as a retailer of fresh foods and later expanded into packaged groceries such as tea and sugar. His trading philosophy, as stated on a sign outside his first shop in Islington, was "Quality perfect, prices lower".[5]
It was very innovative in that its stores, instead of featuring five own-brand lines like arch-rival Home and Colonial, it offered a wide range of own label lines in comparison. Instead of saw dust floors and wooden counters, Sainsbury's boasted marble counters, mosaic floors and white-tiled walls. Staff even had a uniform of white aprons. Stores started to look similar, so people could recognise them throughout London, a high cast iron 'J. SAINSBURY.' sign featured on every store so their stores could be seen on coaches and omnibuses,[6] and round-the-back deliveries started to add extra convenience and not upset rivals due to Sainsbury's popularity.[7]
In 1922 J Sainsbury was incorporated as a private company, as 'J. Sainsbury Limited', when it became the UK's largest grocery group.[8]
By this time each store had six departments: dairy, bacon and hams, poultry and game, cooked meats and fresh meats. Groceries had not been introduced until 1903 when John James purchased a grocer's branch at 12 Kingsland High Street, Dalston. Home delivery featured in every store as there were fewer cars in those days. Sites were carefully chosen, with a central position in a parade selected in preference to a corner shop. This allowed a larger display of products, which could be kept cooler in summer, which was important as there was no refrigeration.[9]
By the time John James Sainsbury died in 1928, there were 128 shops. His last words were said to be 'Keep the shops well lit'. He was replaced by his eldest son, John Benjamin Sainsbury, who had gone into partnership with his father in 1915.[10]
The Interwar years and the Second World War[link]
During the 1930s and 1940s, with the company now run by John James Sainsbury's eldest son, John Benjamin Sainsbury, the company continued to refine its product offer and maintain its leadership in terms of store design, convenience and cleanliness.[11] The company acquired the Midlands-based Thoroughgood chain in 1936.[12]
Alan Sainsbury, the founder's grandson (later Lord Sainsbury of Drury Lane) became joint managing director of Sainsbury's along with his brother Sir Robert Sainsbury in 1938 after their father, John Benjamin Sainsbury, had a minor heart attack.[13]
Following the outbreak of World War II, many of the men that worked for Sainsbury's were called to do National Service and were replaced by women. Given Sainsbury's reputation for quality foods at fair prices, the Second World War were difficult times for Sainsbury's, as with most of its stores trading in the London area, were bombed or damaged. Turnover fell to half the pre-war level. Food was rationed, and one particular store in East Grinstead was so badly damaged on Friday 9 July 1943, that it had to move to the local Church as a temporary replacement, whilst a new one was built. This store was not completed until 1951.[14]
Pioneering self-service supermarkets[link]
In 1956, Alan Sainsbury became Chairman after his father, John Benjamin Sainsbury's death.[13] During the 1950s and 1960s Sainsbury's pioneered self-service supermarkets in the UK. On a trip to the United States of America, Alan Sainsbury realised the benefits of self-service stores, and believed the future of Sainsbury's was self-service supermarkets of 10,000 sq ft (930 m2), with eventually the added bonus of a car park for extra convenience.[15] The first self-service branch opened in Croydon in 1950.[16]
Sainsbury's was a pioneer in the development of own-brand goods; the aim was to offer products that matched the quality of nationally branded goods, but at a lower price.[17] It expanded more cautiously than Tesco, shunning acquisitions, and it never offered trading stamps.[18]
Sainsbury's heyday[link]
Until the company went public on 12 July 1973, as J Sainsbury plc, the company was wholly owned by the Sainsbury family. It was at the time the largest ever flotation on the London Stock Exchange;[19] the company rewarded the smaller bids for shares in order to create as many shareholders as possible. A million shares were set aside for staff, which led to many staff members buying shares that shot up in value. Within one minute the list of applications was closed: £495 million had been offered for £14.5 million available shares. The Sainsbury family at the time retained 85% of the firm's shares. The feverish press that surrounded the flotation greatly enhanced the company's new dynamic image.
The company benefited, too, from a consistency of management stemming from family ownership and control. The fact that it did not go public until 1973 was not a disadvantage; unlike Tesco, Sainsbury's grew organically rather than by takeovers, and, at least during this period, did not need to use its shares as an acquisition currency. Sainsbury's had the advantage, shared to some extent by Tesco, of a strong market position in London and the South East.
Most of the senior positions were held by family members; John Davan Sainsbury (later Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover),[20] a member of the fourth generation of the founding family, took over the chairmanship from his uncle Sir Robert Sainsbury in 1969, who had been chairman for two years from 1967 following Alan Sainsbury's retirement.
Sainsbury's started to replace its 10,000 sq ft (930 m2) High Street stores with self-service supermarkets above 20,000 sq ft (1,900 m2), which were either in out-of-town locations or in regenerated town centres. Sainsbury's policy was to invest in uniform, well-designed stores with a strong emphasis on quality; its slogan was "good food costs less at Sainsbury's".[21] During the 1970s the average size of Sainsbury's stores rose from 10,000 sq ft (930 m2) to around 18,000 sq ft (1,700 m2); the first edge-of-town store, with 24,000 sq ft (2,200 m2) of selling space, was opened in Cambridge in 1974. The last counter service branch closed in Peckham in 1982.[22]
Although these larger stores contained some non-food items, they were not intended to match what Asda had been doing in the north; Sainsbury's focused more single-mindedly on food.
To participate in the hypermarket sector, Sainsbury's formed a joint venture, known as SavaCentre, with British Home Stores. The first SavaCentre store was opened in Washington, Tyne and Wear, in 1977;[23] nearly half the space, amounting to some 35,000 sq ft (3,300 m2), was devoted to textiles, electrical goods and hardware. As the hypermarket format became more mainstream, with rivals such as Asda and Tesco launching ever-larger stores, it was decided that a separate brand was no longer needed and the stores were converted to the regular Sainsbury's superstore format in 1999.[24] This is in direct contrast to rival firms Tesco and Asda, which have been rapidly expanding their Tesco Extra and Asda Wal-Mart Supercentre hypermarket formats in recent years.
Another diversification took place in 1979, when Sainsbury's formed a joint venture with the Belgian retailer, GB-Inno-BM, to set up a chain of do-it-yourself stores under the Homebase name.[25] The plan was to open a DIY store with a supermarket-style layout. Homebase was tripled in size in 1995 with the acquisition of the rival Texas Homecare from the Ladbroke Group plc. Sainsbury's sold the Homebase chain in December 2000 in a twofold deal worth £969 million. Sales of the chain of stores to venture capitalist Schroder Ventures generated £750 million and sale of 28 development sites, which had been earmarked for future Homebase stores, were sold for £219 million to rival B&Q's parent company, Kingfisher plc.[26]
The company's growth was still largely based on food, with only a modest contribution from the SavaCentre business (of which Sainsbury's took full control in 1989). There was, however, diversification outside the UK.
In November 1983 Sainsbury's purchased 21% of Shaw's Supermarkets, the second largest grocery group in the northeastern United States (primarily in New England). In June 1987, Sainsbury's acquired the rest of the company with the intention of creating a high-quality regional food retailing business based on the same principles as the UK-based operation.[27]
In 1985 the Chairman reported that over the preceding ten years profits had grown from £15 million to over £168 million, a compound annual rise of 30.4% – after allowing for inflation a real annual growth rate of 17.6%.[27]
During the 1980s the Company invested in new technology: the proportion of sales passing through EPOS scanning checkouts rose from 1% to 90%.[27]
With the advent of out of town shopping complexes during the 1980s, Sainsbury's was one of the many big retail names to open new stores in such complexes – notably with its store at the Meadowhall Shopping Centre, Sheffield (originally as a SavaCentre) in 1990, which was converted into a regular Sainsbury store in 2005, and was closed in 2006 and the Merry Hill Shopping Centre at Brierley Hill in the West Midlands (part of an Enterprise Zone), which opened in September 1989 to replace a store in Dudley town centre. The success of the Merry Hill store, combined with the onset of the recession resulted in a fall in trade at the nearby store in Halesowen, which closed in 1992.
Sainsbury's expanded its operation into Scotland with a store in Darnley opening in January 1992, (the SavaCentre at Cameron Toll in Edinburgh had opened in 1984). In June 1995 Sainsbury's announced its intention to move into the Northern Ireland market, until that point dominated by local companies.[28] Between December 1996 and December 1998 the company opened seven stores. Two others at Sprucefield, Lisburn and Holywood Exchange, Belfast would not open until 2003 due to protracted legal challenges. Sainsbury's move into Northern Ireland was undertaken in a very different way from that of Tesco. While Sainsbury's outlets were all new developments, Tesco (apart from one Tesco Metro) instead purchased existing chains from Associated British Foods (see Tesco Ireland).
In 1991, the group boasted a 12-year record of dividend increases of 20% or more and earnings per share had risen by as much for nearly as long.[29] Also in 1991 the company raised £489 million in new equity to fund the expansion of superstores.[29]
Sainsbury's downfall[link]
In 1992 the long-time CEO John Davan Sainsbury retired and was succeeded as chairman and chief executive by his cousin, David Sainsbury (later Lord Sainsbury of Turville); this brought about a change in management style – David was more consensual and less hierarchical but not in strategy or in corporate beliefs about the company's place in the market.[29] Mistakes by David Sainsbury and his successors, Dino Adriano and Peter Davis, included the rejection of loyalty cards, the reluctance to move into non-food retailing, the indecision between whether to go quality or for value, "the sometimes brutal treatment of suppliers" which led to suppliers favouring Tesco over Sainsbury's and the unsuccessful John Cleese advertising campaign.[30]
At the end of 1993 it announced price cuts on 300 of its most popular own-label lines. Significantly, this came three months after Tesco had launched its Tesco Value line.[29] A few months later Sainsbury's announced that margins had fallen, that the pace of new superstore construction would slow down, and that it would write down the value of some of its properties.[29]
In 1994 Sainsbury's announced a new town-centre format, Sainsbury's Central, again a response to Tesco's Metro, which was already established in five locations.[29] Also in 1994 Sainsbury's lost the takeover battle for William Low (like Tesco, Sainsbury's had long been under-represented in Scotland).[31] Also that year David Sainsbury dismissed Tesco's clubcard initiative as 'an electronic version of Green Shield Stamps'; the company was soon forced to backtrack, introducing its own Reward Card 18 months later.[32]
For much of the 20th century Sainsbury's had been the market leader in the UK supermarket sector, but in 1996 it lost its place as the UK's largest grocer to Tesco.[33]
Some new ventures were successful, notably the launch of a retail bank, Sainsbury's Bank, in partnership with Bank of Scotland.[34]
In addition to Shaw's, Sainsbury's bought a minority stake in another supermarket group, Giant Food, based in Washington DC,[35] although this shareholding was subsequently sold when Ahold of the Netherlands made a full bid for the company.
Sainsbury's also trebled the size of its Homebase do-it-yourself business in 1996 by merging its business with Texas Homecare, which it acquired from Ladbroke for £290 million.[36]
In addition to expansion of larger formats and banking services, Sainsbury's decided to provide shopping services to small towns, which led to the construction of "Country Town" stores. These were small supermarkets which enabled large villages to get their weekly shopping without travelling to large out of town stores. These "Country Town" stores were opened mainly across the south east which is historically Sainsbury's strongest market. Potential sites were identified and finally stores were opened in Attleborough and Chipping Ongar(Essex) towards the end of 1998. The "Country Town" format may now be discontinued but the stores which were completed have now been brought up to standard with the rest of the company's portfolio and continue to trade strongly even with many having larger stores within 10 minutes travel from the ""Country Town" stores.
In 1996 the company reported its first fall in profits for 22 years. David Sainsbury announced management changes, involving the appointment of two chief executives, one in charge of UK supermarkets (Dino Adriano) and the other responsible for Homebase and the US (David Bremner).[37]
Finally, in 1998, David Sainsbury himself resigned from the company to pursue a career in politics.[38] He was succeeded as non-executive chairman by George Bull, who had been chairman of Diageo,[39] and Adriano was promoted to be Group Chief Executive.[40]
(1960s – 1999)
(Current logo)
The brand re-launch[link]
In June 1999 Sainsbury's unveiled its new corporate identity, which was developed by M&C Saatchi, which consisted of the current company logo (right), new corporate colours of "living orange" and blue, Interstate as the company's new general use lowercase font from the old all uppercase font, the new slogan "Making life taste better", which replaced their old slogan from the 1960s and new staff uniforms.[41][42] The strapline was dropped in May 2005 and replaced in September of that year by "Try something new today." This new brand statement was created by Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO. While the Interstate font was used almost exclusively for many years, the company introduced another informal font in 2005 which is used in a wide range of advertising and literature.
In 1999 Sainsbury's acquired an 80.1% share of Egyptian Distribution Group SAE, a retailer in Egypt with 100 stores and 2,000 employees. However poor profitability led to the sale of this share in 2001.[43] On 8 October 1999 the CEO Dino Adriano lost control of the core UK supermarket business, instead assuming responsibility for the rest of the group. David Bremner became head of the UK supermarkets. This was "derided" by the city[44] and described as a "fudge".[45] On 14 January 2000 Sainsbury's reversed this decision by announcing the replacement of Adriano by Sir Peter Davis effective from March.[45]
Business Transformation Programme[link]
Between 2000–2004, Sir Peter Davis was chief executive of Sainsbury's. Davis' appointment was well received by investors and analysts.[46] The appointment was only confirmed after Sainsbury's was sure of the support of the Sainsbury family, who snubbed Davis' offer of becoming chief executive in the early 1990s, following which he became Chief Executive of Prudential plc.
In his first two years he exceeded profit targets, although by 2004 the group had suffered a decline in performance relative to its competitors and was demoted to third in the UK grocery market. Davis also oversaw an almost £3 billion upgrade of stores, distribution and IT equipment, entitled 'Business Transformation Programme', but his successor would later reveal that much of this investment was wasted and he failed in his key goal – improving availability. Part of this investment saw the construction of four fully automated depots, which at £100 million each cost four times more than standard depots.[47]
In 2001, Sainsbury's moved into its current headquarters at Holborn, London. Sainsbury's previously occupied Stamford House and 12 other buildings around Southwark. However the accounting department remained separate at Streatham. The building was designed by architectural firm Foster and Partners and had been developed on the former Mirror Group site for Andersen Consulting (now Accenture), however Sainsbury's acquired the 25 year lease when Accenture pulled out.[48] Sainsbury's is a founding member of the Nectar loyalty card scheme, which was launched in late 2002 in conjunction with Debenhams, Barclaycard and BP.Since then both Debenhams and Barclaycard have left the scheme. The Nectar scheme replaced the Sainsbury's Reward Card; accrued points were transferred over.[49]
In 2003 Wm Morrison Supermarkets (trading as Morrisons) made an offer for the Safeway group, prompting a bidding war between the major supermarkets. The Trade and Industry Secretary, Patricia Hewitt, referred the various bids to the Competition Commission which reported its findings on 26 September. The Commission found that all bids, with the exception of Morrison's, would "operate against the public interest". As part of the approval Morrison's was to dispose of 53 of the combined group's stores. In May 2004 Sainsbury's announced that it would acquire 14 of these stores (13 Safeway stores and 1 Morrison's outlet) located primarily in the Midlands and the North of England.[50]
'Making Sainsbury's Great Again'[link]
At the end of March 2004 Davis was promoted to chairman and was replaced as CEO by Justin King. King joined Sainsbury's in from Marks and Spencer plc where he was a director with responsibility for its food division and Kings Super Markets, Inc. subsidiary in the United States.[51] Schooled in Solihull and a graduate of the University Of Bath, where he took a business administration degree, King was also previously a managing director at Asda with responsibility for hypermarkets.[51] In June 2004 Davis was forced to quit in the face of an impending shareholder revolt over his salary and bonuses. Investors were angered by a bonus share award of over £2 million despite poor company performance. On 19 July 2004 Davis' replacement, Philip Hampton, was appointed as chairman.[52]
King ordered a direct mail campaign to 1 million Sainsbury's customers as part of his 6 month business review asking them what they wanted from the company and where the company could improve. This reaffirmed the commentary of retail analysts – the group was not ensuring that shelves are fully stocked, this due to the failure of the IT systems introduced by Peter Davis. On 19 October 2004 King unveiled the results of the business review and his plans to revive the company's fortunes – in a three year recovery plan entitled 'Making Sainsbury's Great Again'.[53] This was generally well received by both the stock market and the media. Immediate plans included laying off 750 headquarters staff and the recruitment of around 3,000 shop-floor staff to improve the quality of service and the firm's main problem: stock availability. The aim would be to increase sales revenue by £2.5 billion by the financial year ending March 2008. Another significant announcement was the halving of the dividend to increase funds available for price cuts and quality.[53]
King hired Lawrence Christensen as supply chain director in 2004. Previously he was an expert in logistics at Safeway, but left following its takeover by Morrisons. Immediate supply chain improvements included the reactivation of two distribution centres. In 2006 Christensen commented on the four automated depots introduced by Davis, saying "not a single day went by without one, if not all of them, breaking down... The systems were flawed. They have to stop for four hours every day for maintenance. But because they were constantly breaking down you would be playing catch up. It was a vicious circle."[47] Christensen said a fundamental mistake was to build four such depots at once, rather than building one which could be thoroughly tested before progressing with the others.[54] At the time of the business review on 19 October 2004, referring to the availability problems, Justin King said "Lawrence hadn't seen anything that he hadn't seen before. He just hadn't seen them all in the same place at the same time". In 2007 Sainsbury's announced a further £12 million investment in its depots to keep pace with sales growth and the removal of the failed automated systems from its depots.[55] In addition, it did a deal with IBM to upgrade its Electronic – Point of Sale systems as a result of increased sales.
Sainsbury's sold its American subsidiary, Shaw's, to Albertsons in 2004.[56] Also in 2004 Sainsbury's expanded its share of the convenience store market through acquisitions. Bell's Stores, a 54 store chain based in north-east England was acquired in February 2004.[57] Jackson's Stores, a chain of 114 stores based in Yorkshire and the North Midlands, was purchased in August 2004.[58] JB Beaumont, a chain of 6 stores in the East Midlands was acquired in November 2004.[59] SL Shaw Ltd, which owned six stores was acquired on 28 April 2005 for £6 million.[60]
Since the launch of King's recovery programme, the company has reported nineteen consecutive quarters of sales growth, most recently in October 2009.[61] Early sales increases were credited to solving problems with the company's distribution system.[62] More recent sales improvements have been put down to price cuts and the company's focus on fresh and healthy food.[63]
Private equity takeover bid[link]
On 2 February 2007, after months of speculation about a private equity bid, CVC Capital Partners, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR) and Blackstone Group announced that they were considering a bid for Sainsbury's.[64] The consortium grew to include Goldman Sachs and Texas Pacific Group. On 6 March 2007, with a formal bid yet to be tabled, the Takeover Panel issued a bid deadline of 13 April.[65]
On 4 April KKR left the consortium to focus on its bid for Alliance Boots.[66] On 5 April the consortium submitted an "indicative offer" of 562p a share to the company's board. After discussions between Sir Philip Hampton and the two largest Sainsbury family shareholders Lord Sainsbury of Turville and Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover the offer was rejected.[66] On 9 April the indicative offer was raised to 582p a share, however this too was rejected. This meant the consortium could not satisfy its own preconditions for a bid, most importantly 75% shareholder support; the combined Sainsbury family holding at the time was 18%.[67]
Lord Sainsbury of Turville, who then held 7.75% of Sainsbury's, stated that he could see no reason why the Sainsbury's board would even consider opening its books for due diligence for anything less than 600p per share.[68] Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover, with just under 3%, was more extreme than his cousin, and refused to sell at any price.[69] He believed any offer at that stage of Sainsbury's recovery was likely to undervalue the business,[68] and with private equity seeking high returns on their investments, saw no reason to sell, given that the current management, led by Justin King, could deliver the extra profit generated for the benefit of existing investors.[70] He claimed the bid 'brought nothing to the business', and that high levels of debt would significantly weaken the company and its competitive position in the long-term, which would have an adverse effect on Sainsbury's stakeholders.[71]
On 11 April the CVC-led consortium abandoned its offer, stating "it became clear the consortium would be unable to make a proposal that would result in a successful offer."[67]
In May 2007 Sainsbury's identified five areas of growth: Growth of non-food ranges; opening of new convenience stores and growth of online home delivery and banking operations; Expansion of supermarket space through new stores and development of the company's "largely underdeveloped store portfolio"; and "active property management".[72]
Delta Two takeover bid[link]
On 25 April 2007 Delta Two, a Qatari investment company, bought a 14% stake in Sainsbury's causing its share price to rise 7.17%, which was then upped to 17.6%. Their interest in Sainsbury's is thought to centre on its property portfolio. They increased their stake to 25% in June 2007.[73]
On 18 July 2007 BBC News reported that Delta Two had tabled a conditional bid proposal.[74]
Paul Taylor, the principal of Delta Two, flew David and John Sainsbury to Sardinia to reveal and discuss the potential bid which amounted to 600p per share.[75]
The family had reservations about the price of the bid. Secondly, they were concerned about the proposed structure which involved splitting the business into an operating company and a highly leveraged property company. Thirdly, they were concerned about adequacy of funding both for the bid and for the company's pension scheme.[76]
On 5 November 2007 it was announced Delta Two had abandoned its takeover bid due to the "deterioration of credit markets" and concerns about funding the company's pension scheme.[77]
Recent developments[link]
On 4 October 2007 Sainsbury's announced plans to relocate its Store Support Centre from Holborn to Kings Cross in 2011. The new office will be part of a new complex to allow for both cost savings and energy efficiency. These savings will be made through the use of efficient building materials and design, a combined heat and power energy centre and the use of renewable energy sources.[78]
In January 2008 Sainsbury's brought its number of Northern Ireland supermarkets to 11 with the purchase of two Curley's Supermarkets in Dungannon and Belfast, which includes those stores' petrol stations and off licences.[79][80][81]
In March 2009 Sainsbury's announced it was buying 24 stores from The Co-operative, 22 of which were Somerfield stores and the remaining 2 were Co-op stores: these are part of their estate which The Co-operative were required to sell following the completion of the Somerfield takeover.[82]
A further 9 stores were purchased from The Co-operative in June 2009. These were concentrated in west Wales, the north of England and Scotland where Sainsbury's market share is low. In November 2007, Sainsburys centralised their HR department, relocating to the 17th and 18th floors of Manchester's Arndale Centre to form a Shared Service Centre which was initially trialled to deal with Recruitment in Scotland and was later rolled out to the whole country.
July 2009 saw the HR Shared Service Centre in Manchester expand to include most HR Processes in their Colleague Administration Department and Occupational Health enquiries in a dedicated unit. Since April 2012, the centre has began a gradual relocation to it's new offices in the centre of Lincoln, along with a rebrand and partial relaunch as Sainsburys HR Services.
In May 2010 Justin King announced that Sainsbury's pledged to involve each of its 850 stores in the promotion of the Paralympics after the multimillion-pound deal with Locog to be the main sponsor of the London 2012 Paralympic games. The sum was not disclosed. Sainsbury’s will sell Paralympic merchandise and become involved in high-profile events such as the torch relay. It will be one of only two sponsors able to take advantage of the limited branding allowed within the Games. The promotional rights do not extend to the Olympics.
In September 2011 it was announced that the "Try Something New Today" slogan would be replaced with "Live Well For Less", this decision was made after a 18 month business review. The slogan will be phased in, and will be prominent on till receipts from 16 September.
On 30 November 2011 Sainsbury's reached the first milestone in its 2020 vision by opening its 1000th store in Irvine, Scotland. To celebrate this, Sainsbury's doubled its staff discount to 20% for the first 4 days of December.
Financial performance[link]
|
turnover in £10m per unit;
pre-tax profit in £1m per unit;
|
profit for year in £1m per unit;
earnings per share in 0.1p per unit;
|
Between 1990 and 2010, Sainsbury's turnover increased from £6.9 billion to £21.4 billion, with a small dip in 2005, a year in which parts of the business were restructured. Profits before and after tax have been turbulent, with most years showing a pre-tax profit of £500–700 million and a profit for the year between £300–500 million, with 2005 and 2006 showing much reduced figures. 2005 saw exceptional costs of £100 million, and in 2006 Sainsbury's incurred "one-off operating costs" of £152 million, including £63 million to terminate the IT outsourcing contract with Accenture. Earnings per share in years other than 1994, 2005 and 2006 fell in the range 14p–33p.
Current operations[link]
Sainsbury's currently operates 872 hypermarkets, supermarkets and convenience stores. This is split down as 537 supermarkets and 335 convenience stores. It also operates Sainsbury's Bank, which sells financial services, and is a joint venture with Lloyds Banking Group; Sainsbury's Online internet shopping services; and has a property portfolio worth £8.6 billion (as of March 2007). Sainsbury's now has more than 1000 stores across the uk, It is the third largest supermarket chain in the UK (since 2009), and places an emphasis on a higher quality grocery offering compared to its other large rivals.
According to Kantar Worldpanel rankings published in January 2008, Sainsbury's market share was 16.4% compared to Tesco's 31.5%, Asda's 16.7% and Morrison's 11.4%.[83]
Subsidiary businesses of Sainsbury's include the following:
- Sainsbury's Local convenience store chain by Sainsbury's
- Sainsbury's Central mini-supermarkets by Sainsbury's, due to be phased out and be re-branded under the core Sainsbury's 'Main Mission' format
- Sainsbury's Online Online shopping service from Sainsbury's
- Sainsbury's Active Kids loyalty voucher scheme by Sainsbury's
- Sainsbury's Bank Financial services from Sainsbury's and Lloyds Banking Group, established in February 1997
According to CACI, as of 2006, Sainsbury's has market dominance in 8 postcode areas; TQ (Torquay), SN (Swindon), GU (Guildford), RH (Redhill), DA (Dartford), SE (South East London), EN (Enfield) and WV (Wolverhampton).[84]
It is particularly strong in London and the South-East, where it is based.
Sainsbury's has powerful positions within many UK cities; for example in Southampton there are 5 Sainsbury's supermarkets and 2 Sainsbury's Local stores, one of the supermarkets in Southampton is also one of its Flagship stores.
Store formats[link]
The supermarket chain operates three main store formats; regular Sainsbury's stores ('Main Mission'), Sainsbury's Local and Sainsbury's Central (convenience stores and smaller supermarkets in urban locations – 'Mixed Mission') and Sainsbury's 'Main Plus' (hypermarket) stores. Unlike Tesco (Tesco Extra) and Asda (Asda Wal-Mart Supercentre), Sainsbury's does not employ a separate brand for its hypermarkets, having phased out the 'Savacentre' fascia several years ago.
At the end of its 2010/11 financial year Sainsbury's store portfolio was as follows.[85]
| Format | Number | Total Space (sq ft) |
|---|---|---|
| Supermarkets | 557 | |
| Convenience stores | 377 | |
| Total | 934 | 19,108,000 |
Traditionally, the majority of Sainsbury's stores were located in the areas around London and south-east England. The company acquired the Midlands-based Thoroughgood in the 1930s. Expansion since 1945 has given the company national reach, although the chain is not as represented in Scotland as other chains such as Tesco, and Morrisons (as Safeway dominated Scotland before being taken over by that company). This is partly due to the fact that Sainsbury's lost out to Tesco in the bidding war for William Low in the 1990s.
Since 1999, Sainsbury's stores have received a new look. The old 'J Sainsbury' name, used in various forms since 1869, was scrapped and replaced by 'Sainsbury's'. Most stores were refurbished with dark blue walls, bright orange wall panels and grey shelving, as well as new checkouts. Individual counters also have different brightly coloured panels behind them. The new flagship store in Greenwich, South London, was the first to receive this new look, leading to the term 'Greenwich Blue', which is used to describe the signature colour of a typical store. This format was subsequently rolled out across the entire store estate.
Following the introduction of the 'Try something new today' slogan in 2005, stores were again refurbished with cream walls, and dark red and dark blue signage, along with cream coloured shelving and checkouts. New aubergine-coloured staff uniforms have been introduced to all stores.
Old external signage bearing the 'J Sainsbury' name has still been found in use as recently as summer 2011 in Swindon, Ashbourne in Derbyshire and Blackheath, West Midlands[86]
Supermarkets and hypermarkets[link]
The largest format of stores is internally branded 'Main Plus'. These are hypermarkets, which between 1977 and 2005 were branded as 'Sainsbury's SavaCentre'. However, as they got more integrated into the main chain, these stores were re-branded under the main Sainsbury's brand. This happened both in terms of back-office administration (the SavaCentre HQ In Wokingham closed down in the 1990s) and in terms of store decoration, (which became identical to the Sainsbury's 'Main Mission' outlets). They occupy a wide range of both grocery and non-food, as a 50:50 split similar to Tesco Extra, and can therefore accommodate the weekly shop and more. These large stores have over 45,000 sq ft (4,200 m2) of sales area, and original SavaCentres include Merton, London Colney and Sydenham in London, and Calcot in Reading. A large 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) 'Main Plus' store has been confirmed for Slough, on the site of the old Co-op store[87] which Tesco used while it was building its 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) Extra store, currently the largest in the UK.
Both of the above formats trade simply as Sainsbury's, so you cannot tell which format you are in unless you know what to look for. Customers will notice a larger product range, particularly non-food in a 'Main Plus' store. Sainsbury's now has many large stores, especially its Flagship Stores, such as Southampton (Hedge End), London Colney (Hertfordshire), Greenwich (London) and Hayes (Middlesex).
On 29 September 2010 Sainsbury's opened one of its largest UK stores, an extension of their existing store in Crayford, Kent, which now boasts over 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) of retail space and is their largest supermarket to be built in the UK. Just recently Bybrook in Ashford Kent, which opened on 16 November 2011 now also boasts over 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2). [88] In the same week they also opened their biggest store in Scotland at Darnley (90,000 sq ft (8,400 m2)) and their biggest in Wales at Newport (76,000 sq ft (7,100 m2)). The newly refurbished Lincoln, Lincolnshire store opened on 24 November 2010 making it the UK's second largest Sainsbury's supermarket after Crayford at 98,712 sq ft (9,170.6 m2).[89]
The most northern Sainsbury's store is a 25,000 sq ft (2,300 m2) supermarket in Nairn, which opened in August 2011. Helston, which opened in 2010, is the company's most south-westerly store.
Convenience stores[link]
The 'Mixed Mission' format incorporates the Sainsbury's Central and Sainsbury's Local formats. Sainsbury's Central stores are between 7,000 sq ft (650 m2) and 20,000 sq ft (1,900 m2), which is a mini supermarket, and Sainsbury's Local stores are between 2,000 sq ft (190 m2) and 6,000 sq ft (560 m2) in size, carrying a top-up shop and grab-and-go offer. Sainsbury's Local stores have different decoration to the other two formats – 'Main Mission' and 'Main Plus'.
Sainsbury's Central has now been phased out, to be replaced by the Sainsbury's 'Main Mission' format. This was announced in 2004, but several former Sainsbury's Central stores, including Croydon, Holborn, Tottenham Court Road, Glasgow and Reading, have yet to be refurbished and converted.
As well as its own Local and Central stores Sainsbury's has expanded through acquisition of existing chains (Bell's Stores, Jackson's Stores, JB Beaumont, and SL Shaw Ltd).
Sainsbury's initially retained the strong Bells and Jacksons brands. For example, refurbished stores were called Sainsbury's at Bells or Sainsbury's at Jacksons. These were effectively Sainsbury's Local stores with a revised fascia, retaining some features of the former local chain. Unrefurbished stores retained the original brand and logo, but still offered Sainsbury's own brand products, pricing and some point of sale, without accepting Nectar cards. The old websites were also retained with some Sainsbury's branding.
This was an experimental format and on 4 May 2007 it was announced that all stores would be re branded as Sainsbury's Local, with the management teams of the smaller stores integrated into Sainsbury's own teams.[90]
The most northern Sainsbury's Local is the Rosemount Place store in Aberdeen, which opened on Friday 17 December 2010.
Marketing and branding[link]
Since 2000 Jamie Oliver has been the public face of Sainsbury's, appearing on television and radio advertisements and in-store promotional material. The deal earns him an estimated £1.2 million every year. In the first two years these advertisements are estimated to have given Sainsbury's an extra £1 billion of sales or £200 million gross profit.[91] Jamie Oliver's deal with Sainsbury's will cease after Christmas 2011.[92]
Sainsbury's currently uses the "Live Well For Less" slogan which was launched on 15 September 2011. The television adverts are also often accompanied by The Polyphonic Spree's Light & Day. Over the years, Sainsbury's has used many slogans:
- "Quality perfect, Prices Lower" The slogan used on the shop-front of the Islington store in 1882.
- "Sainsbury's For Quality, Sainsbury's For Value"- Used in 1918 above the Drury Lane store.
- "Sainsbury's. Essentials for the Essentials."
- "Good Food Costs Less At Sainsbury's" — Used from the 1960s to the 1990s. Described by BBC News as "probably the best-known advertising slogan in retailing." [93]
- "Sainsbury's – Everyone's Favourite Ingredient" — Used in a series of TV commercials in the 1990s which featured celebrities cooking Sainsbury's food.
- "Fresh food, fresh ideas. Eat healthy"-used in 1998
- "Value to shout about" — A 1998/1999 campaign fronted by John Cleese which was widely claimed to have been a major mistake. Sainsbury's said it actually depressed sales. However, the company had been losing sales for years because of the rise of Tesco.[94]
- "Making Life Taste Better" Introduced 1999 and used until May 2005.
- "Try something new today" Introduced in September 2005. Replaced on carrier bags, till receipts and all other corporate branding from this point. Remained main slogan until 14 September 2011.
- "Value where it matters" Used in advertising from late 2010, still in use as of May 2011.
- "Clothes You Can't Wait To Wear" Used in all new advertising for TU Clothing as part of advertising campaign from May 2011.
- "Live Well For Less". Introduced in September 2011. Replaced on till receipts from 16 September. TV Advertising campaign launched to help promote.
In 2008 they created a shopping incentive by showing that, when shopping at Sainsbury's, you can feed your family for only five pounds. The incentive, called "Feed your family for a fiver", with the flagship of "Meatballs 'n' More" has been advertised on British television channels, with Jamie Oliver cooking for a family.
Sainsbury's Active Kids is a loyalty voucher scheme by Sainsbury's.
Sainsbury's is a sponsor of the Paralympic Summer Games in London 2012, and it is the largest sponsorship signed in the history of the Games.[95]
Product ranges[link]
A large store typically stocks around 30,000 lines of which around 20% are "own-label" goods. These own-brand lines include:
- Basics: an economy range of around 700 lines, mainly food but also including other areas such as toiletries and stationery. The Basics range uses minimal packaging with simple orange and white designs. Sainsbury's Local stores sell none or very few of these lines. Equivalent to Tesco's Value, Asda's Smart Price and Morrison's Value.
- by Sainsbury's: All own brand food products (over 6,500 different lines) will be re-branded under this new "by Sainsbury's" brand, first introduced on frozen foods in late 2010, re-branding will be complete by January 2013.[96]
- Taste the Difference (TTD): around 1100 premium food lines, including many processed foods such as ready made meals and premium bakery lines. TTD lines are similar to Asda's 'Extra Special', Tesco 'Finest' and Morrison's 'The Best'. The TTD range was relaunched in September 2010. When the range was relaunched in 2010 it features 1141 lines, with at least 75% of them being "new or improved".
- Different by Design (DBD): a smaller range of premium non-food lines, including flowers which were previously branded "Orlando Hamilton".
- Kids: these lines are for children. In 2006 these lines replaced the Blue Parrot Café range.
- Be Good To Yourself (BGTY): products with reduced calorific and/or fat content. The BGTY range was relaunched in January 2010.
- Freefrom: launched in February 2010, it has over 75 product lines. These products are all grouped together in one aisle of the store (except fresh and frozen lines).[97] These products are suitable for those allergic to dairy products. (The majority of these are dairy and gluten/wheat free)
- Sainsbury's Organic (SO Organic): Around 500 lines of food/drink which is not derived from food stuffs treated with fertiliser or pesticides.
- Fair Trade: Over 100 fair trade products.[98] – All bananas sold at Sainsbury's are now fair trade. The own-brand tea and coffee is being converted to Fairtrade over the next three years.[99][100]
- TU – own brand clothing range, which replaced the Jeff Banks designed range, Jeff & Co.
- TU Home – a range of home products, such as lighting, rugs, and kitchen products. This range has now been rolled out to most stores stocking non-food ranges.
Controversies[link]
Online only recruitment[link]
In November 2007, Sainsbury's became the first major British employer to introduce an "internet only" staff recruitment system. At the time, it was estimated that the move would save the company £4million a year in administration costs.[101]This move came at a time when only approximately half of the British adult population was estimated to have access to the internet, though by 2010 it was estimated that more than 80% of the adult population had internet access.[102]Several big retail names, including Marks & Spencer, adopted online recruitment at around the same time but have set aside a telephone recruitment system as an alternative for prospective employees who do not have internet access.[103]
Treatment of overseas workers[link]
In a 2006 report the British anti-poverty charity War on Want criticised the conditions faced by Kenyan workers supplying Sainsbury's with cut flowers.[104]
Food safety prosecutions[link]
Sainsbury's supermarkets have been prosecuted for selling food past its use by date on more than one occasion,[105][106] evidence also showed that some staff did not have the correct training to carry out their duties involving food safety.[106]
Sainsbury's Online[link]
Sainsbury's operates an internet shopping service branded as "Sainsbury's Online". To use this service customers choose their grocery items online. Pickers then collect the required items which are delivered to customers from a company selected store by van. This is available to about 75% of the UK population. The service is run from larger stores which carry the full product range – over 100 stores operate an Online service.
It was previously called 'Sainsbury's to You' and 'Sainsbury's entertain You', and prior to that it was called 'Sainsbury's Orderline'.
Sainsbury's Bank[link]
Main article: Sainsbury's Bank
In 1997 Sainsbury's Bank was established – a joint venture between J Sainsbury plc and the Bank of Scotland, now part of the Lloyds Banking Group. Services offered include car, life, home, pet and travel insurance as well as health cover, loans, credit cards, savings accounts and ISAs.
As well as this, Sainsbury's Bank also offers a Travel Money service in stores, with 'Sainsbury's Travel Money' opening the 100th Travel Money bureau in its estate in May 2010 at the Hempstead Valley shopping centre store. These foreign exchange bureaus are operated in association with Travelex and offer a full bureau de change service instore.
Distribution[link]
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Sainsbury's supply chain operates from 13 regional distribution centres (RDCs), with two national distribution centres for slower moving goods, and two frozen food facilities. In addition, the depot at Tamworth tranships general merchandise to the RDCs.[107] Each depot is given a "Depot Code".
Bonded distribution centres[link]
- Allington, Maidstone, Kent
Regional distribution centres[link]
- Basingstoke, Hampshire
- Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Dartford, Kent
- Emerald Park, Emerson's Green, Bristol
- Greenford, Middlesex
- Hams Hall, Coleshill, West Midlands
- Haydock, St Helens, Merseyside
- Langlands Park, East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire
- Northampton, Northamptonshire
- Sherburn, North Yorkshire
- St Albans, Hertfordshire
- Waltham Point, Essex
- Exeter, Devon (Operational Q4 2012)
Regional distribution centres – Slow Moving[link]
- Rye Park, Hertfordshire
- Stoke, Staffordshire
Regional distribution centres – Frozen[link]
- Elstree, Hertfordshire
- Stone, Staffordshire
National Distribution Centre – General Merchandise[link]
- Tamworth, Staffordshire
- Shire Park, Worcestershire
National Distribution Centre – Clothing[link]
- Coventry, Warwickshire
- Bedford, Bedfordshire
Sainsbury's also has a depot at Buntingford Hertfordshire. This depot is usually not in operation; however Sainsbury's still own the site and continue to use the depot at busy times, particularly at Christmas. Buntingford, on the A10 road, is ready for use as an emergency depot for the rest of the year.
Originally Sainsbury's ran its own distribution network. However after an industrial dispute with their drivers in the 1970s, and with the intention of streamlining and consolidation, much of the distribution is now contracted out – to distribution specialists such as TDG, DHL, NFT & Wincanton.
See also[link]
- Bells Stores
- Jacksons Stores
- List of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom
- Sainsbury
- Sainsbury family
- Sainsbury's Active Kids
- Sainsbury's Bank
- Sainsbury's Freezer Centres
- Sainsbury's Local
- Sainsbury's Savacentre
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- ^ a b Butler, Sarah (11 April 2007). "CVC withdraws £10 billion offer for Sainsbury's". The Times (London: Times Newspapers). http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article1640537.ece. Retrieved 23 April 2007.
- ^ a b Moore, James (6 April 2007). "Sainsbury family intervenes in bid". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/sainsbury-family-intervenes-in-bid-443624.html. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- ^ "Sainsbury deadlock as family holds out". Financial Times. 10 April 2007. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/eecce54a-e6ff-11db-9034-000b5df10621.html. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- ^ "Sainsbury must now justify the revaluation which private equity bid has sparked". The Independent (London). 12 April 2007. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/comment/jeremy-warners-outlook-sainsbury-must-now-justify-the-revaluation-which-the-private-equity-bid-has-sparked-444335.html. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- ^ Wallop, Harry (13 April 2007). "Lord Sainsbury speaks out over equity bid". The Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2807202/Lord-Sainsbury-speaks-out-over-equity-bid.html. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- ^ "Corporate overview". Sainsbury's. http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=12. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- ^ "Huge share deal lifts Sainsbury's". BBC News. 25 April 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6590879.stm. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
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- ^ Davey, Jenny (22 July 2007). "Shopping for Sainsbury's". The Times (London). http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article2115137.ece. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
- ^ Hall, James (24 September 2007). "Sainsbury family still reluctant to sell". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2816347/Sainsbury-family-still-reluctant-to-sell.html. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
- ^ "Sainsbury's takeover bid dropped". BBC News. 5 November 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7078441.stm. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
- ^ "Sainsbury's announces relocation of Holborn central office" (Press release). J Sainsbury Plc. 4 October 2007. http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=418&newsid=978&rssfeed=jsainsbury. Retrieved 6 November 2007.
- ^ "Retail giant buys family business". BBC News. 16 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7190661.stm. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
- ^ "Sainsbury's in deal with Curley's Supermarket" (Microsoft Word) (Press release). Curley's Supermarkets. 16 January 2008. http://www.curleys.co.uk/curleys%20press%20release%20jan%2016th%202008.doc. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
- ^ "Sainsburys to buy Northern Grocer" (Press release). Irish Times. 16 January 2008. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2008/0116/breaking17.htm. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
- ^ Wood, Zoe (4 March 2009). "Sainsbury's goes on £83m coop spree" (Press release). London. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/mar/04/j-sainsbury-supermarkets. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
- ^ "Sainsbury's reports rise in sales". BBC News. 10 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7180397.stm. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
- ^ "Tesco 'top' in more parts of the UK". BBC News. 11 October 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6040552.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
- ^ "Company profile" (PDF). J Sainsbury plc. June 2011. http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/pdf/company_profile.pdf. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ Timewarp Wiltshire
- ^ J Sainsburys Corporate site: News New Slough Store
- ^ Sainsbury Corporate website press release (Retrieved January 2011)
- ^ Sainsbury Corporate website press release (Retrieved January 2011)
- ^ "Sainsbury's axes retail sub-brands". Convenience Store. 4 May 2007. Archived from the original on 18 May 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080518055213/http://www.convenience-store.co.uk/articles/30951/Sainsbury's-axes-retail-sub-brands.aspx?categoryid=138. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- ^ Wheeler, Brian (11 June 2003). "Sainsbury banks on fresh Oliver ads". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2979646.stm. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
- ^ "End of an era for Sainsbury’s after Jamie Oliver twist". The Grocer. 12 July 2011. http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/articles.aspx?page=articles&ID=219503. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ "Stores at war: winning secrets". BBC News. 4 June 1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/the_company_file/360997.stm. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
- ^ Pollock, Ian (23 November 1999). "What's gone wrong for Sainsbury's?". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/533338.stm. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
- ^ Sainsbury's Becomes 2012 Paralympics Sponsor, topnews.us
- ^ "Own-label revamp with "by Sainsbury's"". J Sainsbury's PLC. 11 May 2011. http://www.jsainsburys.co.uk/index.asp?PageID=424§ion=&Year=Latest&NewsID=1535.
- ^ "Our ranges". Sainsbury's. http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/food/foodandfeatures/sainsburys_food_ranges/freefrom/freefrom_1.htm. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- ^ Butler, Sarah (13 December 2006). "Supermarkets switch to Fairtrade bananas". London: TimesOnline. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article752466.ece. Retrieved 25 March 2007.
- ^ "Sainsbury's complete Fairtrade products list". Sainsbury's. February 2007. http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/food/foodandfeatures/sainsburysandfood/fairtrade/fairtrade_product_list.htm. Retrieved 25 March 2007.
- ^ "Largest Fair Trade Retailer". Sainsbury's. 2010. http://www2.sainsburys.co.uk/food/fairtrade/fairtrade.htm. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
- ^ Onrec.com
- ^ Statistics.gov.uk
- ^ Corporate.marksandspencer.com
- ^ War on Want, Growing Pains
- ^ Sainsbury's branches fined over out-of-date food This is local London, 10 January 2008
- ^ a b Sainsbury's fined for selling out of date food Mid Sussex Times, 14 May 2009
- ^ "Sainsbury's Information Direct". Sainsbury's. http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/sid/locations/locations.htm. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
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| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | David Robert Joseph Beckham | ||
| Date of birth | (1975-05-02) 2 May 1975 (age 37) | ||
| Place of birth | Leytonstone, London, England | ||
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)[1] | ||
| Playing position | Midfielder | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Los Angeles Galaxy | ||
| Number | 23 | ||
| Youth career | |||
| Tottenham Hotspur | |||
| Brimsdown Rovers | |||
| 1991–1993 | Manchester United | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 1993–2003 | Manchester United | 265 | (85) |
| 1995 | → Preston North End (loan) | 5 | (2) |
| 2003–2007 | Real Madrid | 116 | (14) |
| 2007– | Los Angeles Galaxy | 81 | (13) |
| 2009 | → Milan (loan) | 18 | (2) |
| 2010 | → Milan (loan) | 11 | (0) |
| National team‡ | |||
| 1992–1993 | England U18 | 3 | (0) |
| 1994–1996 | England U21 | 9 | (0) |
| 1996–2009 | England | 115 | (17) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 00:30, 14 April 2012. † Appearances (Goals). |
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David Robert Joseph Beckham, OBE[2] (born 2 May 1975)[3] is an English association footballer who plays for Los Angeles Galaxy. He has played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, Milan, and the England national team for which he holds the appearance record for an outfield player.[4]
Beckham's career began when he signed a professional contract with Manchester United, making his first-team debut in 1992 aged 17.[5] During his time there, United won the Premier League title six times, the FA Cup twice, and the UEFA Champions League in 1999.[5] He left Manchester United to sign for Real Madrid in 2003, where he remained for four seasons,[6] clinching the La Liga championship in his final season with the club.[7] In January 2007, it was announced that Beckham would leave Real Madrid for the Major League Soccer club Los Angeles Galaxy,[8] signing a five-year contract with them on 1 July 2007. While a Galaxy player, he spent two loan spells in Italy with Milan in 2009 and 2010. On 20 November 2011, he joined an elite group of players to have won three league titles in three different countries, when Los Angeles won their third MLS Cup.[9]
In international football, Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996, at the age of 21. He was made captain from 15 November 2000[10] until the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals,[11] during which he played 58 times. He earned a much-publicised hundredth cap against France on 26 March 2008,[12] and became the all-time outfield player appearance record holder on 28 March 2009 when he surpassed Bobby Moore's total of 108 caps.[4] With 115 career appearances to date, he has stated that he does not intend to retire from international football. Having missed the 2010 World Cup through injury, Beckham has not played for England since 14 October 2009.[13]
Beckham has twice been runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year[5] and in 2004 was the world's highest-paid footballer when taking into account salary and advertising deals.[14] Beckham was the first British footballer to play 100 Champions League matches.[5] He is third in the Premier League's all time time assist provider chart, with 152 assists in 265 appearances.[15] When joining the MLS in 2007 he was given the highest player salary in the league's history, with his playing contract with the Galaxy over the next three years being worth US$6.5m per year.[16][17][18][19]
He is married to Victoria Beckham and they have four children, Brooklyn Joseph, Romeo James, Cruz David, and Harper Seven. As of 2009, the couple's joint wealth is estimated at £125 million.[20]
Contents |
Club career[link]
Childhood and early career[link]
Beckham was born at Whipps Cross University Hospital in Leytonstone, London, England.[21] He is the son of Sandra Georgina (née West) (b. 1949), a hairdresser, and David Edward Alan "Ted" Beckham (b. Edmonton, London, July–September 1948), a kitchen fitter, who married at the London Borough of Hackney in 1969,[22][23] He regularly played football in Ridgeway Park, Chingford, as a child, and attended Chase Lane Primary School and Chingford Foundation School.[24] In a 2007 interview, Beckham said that, "At school whenever the teachers asked, 'What do you want to do when you're older?' I'd say, 'I want to be a footballer.' And they'd say, 'No, what do you really want to do, for a job?' But that was the only thing I ever wanted to do."[25] Beckham's maternal grandfather was Jewish,[26] and Beckham has referred to himself as "half Jewish"[27] and wrote in his autobiography "I've probably had more contact with Judaism than with any other religion".[28] In his book Both Feet on the Ground, he stated that growing up he attended church every week with his parents and his older sister, Lynne Georgina and younger sister, Joanne Louise.[29][30]
His parents were fanatical Manchester United supporters who would frequently travel to Old Trafford from London to attend the team's home matches. David inherited his parents' love of Manchester United, and his main sporting passion was football. He attended one of Bobby Charlton's football schools in Manchester and won the chance to take part in a training session at FC Barcelona, as part of a talent competition. He played for a local youth team called the Ridgeway Rovers – coached by his father, Stuart Underwood and Steve Kirby. Beckham was a Manchester United mascot for a match against West Ham United in 1986. Young Beckham had trials with his local club Leyton Orient, Norwich City and attended Tottenham Hotspur's school of excellence. Tottenham Hotspur was the first club he played for. During a two-year period in which Beckham played for Brimsdown Rovers' youth team, he was named Under-15 Player of the Year in 1990.[31] He also attended Bradenton Preparatory Academy, but signed schoolboy forms at Manchester United on his fourteenth birthday, and subsequently signed a Youth Training Scheme contract on 8 July 1991.
Manchester United[link]
Beckham was part of a group of young players at the club who guided the club to win the FA Youth Cup in May 1992, with Beckham scoring in the second leg[32] of the final against Crystal Palace. He made his first appearance for United's first-team that year, as a substitute in a League Cup match against Brighton & Hove Albion, and signed his first professional contract shortly afterwards. United reached the final of the Youth Cup again the following year, with Beckham playing in their defeat by Leeds United, and he won another medal in 1994 when the club's reserve team won their league, although he did not play in any first team games that season.
On 7 December 1994, Beckham made his UEFA Champions League debut, scoring a goal in a 4–0 victory at home to Galatasaray in the final game of the group stage. However, this victory was of little use as they finished third out of four in their group behind FC Barcelona on goal difference.
He then went to Preston North End on loan for part of the 1994–95 season to get some first team experience. He impressed, scoring two goals in five appearances, notably scoring directly from a corner kick.[33] Beckham returned to Manchester and finally made his Premier League debut for Manchester United on 2 April 1995, in a goal-less draw against Leeds United. He played four times for United in the league that season, as they finished second behind Blackburn Rovers and missed a third successive Premier League title by a single point. He was not in the squad for United's FA Cup final clash with Everton on 20 May, which they lost 1–0 and were left without a major trophy for the first time since 1989.
United manager Sir Alex Ferguson had a great deal of confidence in the club's young players. Beckham was part of a group of young talents Ferguson brought in to United in the 1990s (known as "Fergie's Fledglings"), which included Nicky Butt and Gary and Phil Neville. When experienced players Paul Ince, Mark Hughes, and Andrei Kanchelskis left the club after the end of the 1994–95 season, his decision to let youth team players replace them instead of buying star players from other clubs (United had been linked with moves for players including Darren Anderton, Marc Overmars, and Roberto Baggio, but no major signings were made that summer), drew a great deal of criticism. The criticism increased when United started the season with a 3–1 defeat at Aston Villa,[34] with Beckham scoring United's only goal of the game; however, United won their next five matches and the young players performed well.
Beckham swiftly established himself as United's right-sided midfielder (rather than a right-winger in the style of his predecessor Andrei Kanchelskis) and helped them to win the Premier League title and FA Cup double that season, scoring the winner in the semi-final against Chelsea and also provided the corner that Eric Cantona scored from in the FA Cup Final. Beckham's first title medal had, for a while, looked like it would not be coming that season, as United were still 10 points adrift of leaders Newcastle United at the turn of the new year, but Beckham and his team-mates had overhauled the Tynesiders at the top of the league by mid March and they remained top until the end of the season.
Despite playing regularly (and to a consistently high standard) for Manchester United, Beckham did not break into the England squad before Euro 96.[35]
At the beginning of the 1996–97 season David Beckham was given the number 10 shirt that had most recently been worn by Mark Hughes. On 17 August 1996 (the first day of the Premier League season), Beckham became something of a household name when he scored a spectacular goal in a match against Wimbledon. With United leading 2–0, Beckham noticed that Wimbledon's goalkeeper Neil Sullivan was standing a long way out of his goal, and hit a shot from the halfway line that floated over the goalkeeper and into the net.[36] When Beckham scored his famous goal, he did so in shoes custom-made for Charlie Miller ("Charlie" embroidered on boots), which had been given to Beckham by mistake.[37] In a UK poll conducted by Channel 4 in 2002, the British public voted the goal No.18 in the list of the 100 Greatest Sporting Moments.[38] During the 1996–97 season, he became an automatic first-choice player at United helping them to retain the Premier League championship, and being voted PFA Young Player of the Year by his peers.[39]
On 18 May 1997, Eric Cantona retired as a player and left the coveted number 7 shirt free, and with Teddy Sheringham arriving from Tottenham Hotspur as Cantona's successor, Beckham left his number 10 shirt for Sheringham and picked up the number 7 jersey. Some fans had felt the number 7 shirt should be retired after Cantona had himself retired, but the shirt number remains in use to this day (most recently by another England star Michael Owen).
United started the 1997–98 season well but erratic performances in the second half of the season saw United finish second behind Arsenal.[40]
In the 1998–99 season, he was part of the United team that won The Treble of the Premier League, FA Cup and Champions League, a unique feat in English football. There had been speculation that the criticism that he had received after being sent off in the World Cup would lead to him leaving England, but he decided to stay at Manchester United.
To ensure they would win the Premier League title, United needed to win their final league match of the season, at home to Tottenham Hotspur (with reports suggesting that the opposition would allow themselves to be easily beaten to prevent their deadly local rivals Arsenal from retaining the title), but Tottenham took an early lead in the match. Beckham scored the equaliser and United went on to win the match and the league.
Beckham played centre-midfield in United's win over Bayern Munich in the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final, since United's first string centre-midfielders Paul Scholes and Roy Keane were suspended for the match. United were losing the match 1–0 at the end of normal time, but won the trophy by scoring two goals in injury time. Both of the goals came from corners taken by Beckham. Those crucial assists, coupled with great performances over the rest of the season, led to him finishing runner up to Rivaldo for 1999's European Footballer of the Year and FIFA World Player of the Year awards.
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Despite Beckham's achievements in the 1998–99 season, he was still unpopular among some opposition fans and journalists, and he was criticised after being sent off for a deliberate foul in Manchester United's World Club Championship match against Necaxa. It was suggested in the press that his wife was a bad influence on him, and that it might be in United's interests to sell him,[41] but his manager publicly backed him and he stayed at the club. During the 1999–2000 season, there was a talk of a transfer to Juventus in Italy, but this never happened.
By the early 2000s, the relationship between Ferguson and Beckham had begun to deteriorate, possibly as a result of Beckham's fame and commitments away from football. In 2000, Beckham was given permission to miss training to look after his son Brooklyn, who had gastroenteritis, but Ferguson was furious when Victoria Beckham was photographed at a London Fashion Week event on the same night, claiming that Beckham would have been able to train if Victoria had looked after Brooklyn that day. He responded by fining Beckham the maximum amount that was permitted (two weeks' wages – then £50,000) and dropping him for a crucial match against United's rivals Leeds United. He later criticised Beckham for this in his autobiography, claiming he had not been "fair to his teammates"[42] Beckham had a good season for his club, though, and helped United to win the Premier League by a record margin.
"He was never a problem until he got married. He used to go into work with the academy coaches at night time, he was a fantastic young lad. Getting married into that entertainment scene was a difficult thing – from that moment, his life was never going to be the same. He is such a big celebrity, football is only a small part."' – Alex Ferguson speaking about Beckham's marriage in 2007.[43]
Beckham helped United retain the Premier League title in 1999–2000 by an 18-point margin – after being pushed by Arsenal and Leeds United for much of the season, United won their final 11 league games of the season, with Beckham scoring five goals during this fantastic run of form. He managed six league goals that season, and scored eight goals in all competitions.
He was a key player in United's third successive league title in 2000–01 – only the fourth time that any club had achieved three league titles in a row. He scored nine goals that season, all in the Premier League.
On 10 April 2002, Beckham was injured during a Champions League match against Deportivo La Coruña, breaking the second metatarsal bone in his left foot. There was speculation in the British media that the injury might have been caused deliberately, as the player who had injured Beckham was Argentine Aldo Duscher, and England and Argentina were due to meet in that year's World Cup.[44] The injury prevented Beckham from playing for United for the rest of the season and they missed out on the Premier League title to Arsenal (also being knocked out of the European Cup by Bayer Leverkusen on away goals in the semi-finals), but he signed a three-year contract in May, following months of negotiations with the club, mostly concerning extra payments for his image rights. The income from his new contract, and his many endorsement deals, made him the highest-paid player in the world at the time.[45]
2001–02 was arguably Beckham's best season as a United player, though. He scored 11 goals in 28 league games, and a total of 16 goals in 42 games in all competitions, the best tally of his career.
Following an injury early in the 2002–03 season, Beckham was unable to regain his place on the Manchester United team, with Ole Gunnar Solskjær having replaced him on the right side of midfield. His relationship with his manager deteriorated further on 15 February 2003 when, in the changing room following an FA Cup defeat to Arsenal, a furious Alex Ferguson threw[46][47][48][49][50] [51][52] or kicked a boot that struck Beckham over the eye, causing a cut that required stitches. The incident led to a great deal of transfer speculation involving Beckham, with bookmakers offering odds on whether he or Ferguson would be first to leave the club.[53] Although the team had started the season badly, their results improved greatly from December onwards and they won the league, with Beckham managing a total of 11 goals in 52 games in all competitions.
He was still a first-choice player for England, however, and was awarded an OBE for services to football on 13 June 2003.[54]
Beckham had made 265 Premier league appearances for United and scored 61 goals. He also made 81 Champions league appearances, scoring 15 goals. Beckham won six Premier League titles, two FA Cups, one European Cup, one Intercontinental Cup, and one FA Youth Cup in the space of 12 years. By this stage, he was their joint second longest serving player behind Ryan Giggs (having joined them at the same time as Nicky Butt, Gary Neville and Paul Scholes).
Real Madrid[link]
As the summer 2003 transfer window approached Manchester United appeared keen to sell Beckham to FC Barcelona[55] and the two clubs even announced that they reached a deal to move the player to Barcelona,[56] but instead he joined reigning Spanish champions Real Madrid for €35 million (£25m) transfer fee[57] on a four-year contract as the latest of the galáctico signings by club president Florentino Pérez. The news came as a bitter pill to the newly elected Barça president Joan Laporta who based much of his presidential campaign precisely on signing Beckham.[58] Though announced in mid-June, the transfer was completed on 1 July 2003, making him the third Englishman to play for the club after Laurie Cunningham and Steve McManaman. Following a successful medical on 2 July, Beckham was unveiled in front of 500 accredited journalists from 25 countries at Real's basketball facility where he was handed the Real shirt by club legend Alfredo di Stéfano.[59] Although Beckham had worn the number seven shirt for Manchester United and England, he was unable to wear it at Madrid as it was currently assigned to club captain Raúl. The Englishman decided to wear number 23 instead, citing his admiration of basketball player Michael Jordan, who also wore the number 23 shirt, as the reason behind his decision.[60]
In the week before Beckham presentation, Real named Carlos Queiroz as their new head coach, meaning that Beckham got reunited with a familiar face upon arriving to Madrid since Queiroz spent the previous season as Alex Ferguson's assistant at Manchester United. In late July 2003, the club went on a tour of the Far East as part of the pre-season training, but also to cash in on Beckham's huge marketing appeal in Asia where he enjoyed tremendous following. Real's brand recognition in that part of the globe was already well established as the club made financially successful trips to Asia during previous off-seasons, however the presence of global marketing icon such as Beckham made this particular tour a financial smash for los Merengues.[61]
Shortly after his Real switch, Beckham also dropped his longtime agent Tony Stephens of SFX Europe who guided him to and through super-stardom and was one of the key players that engineered Beckham's move from Manchester to Madrid. Beckham signed on with Simon Fuller and his company 19 Entertainment that already managed the career of David's wife Victoria.[62] Beckham also appointed close friend Terry Byrne to be his personal manager.[16][63]
In late August 2003, Real Madrid won the Spanish Super Cup over two legs versus RCD Mallorca, with Beckham scoring the final goal in a 3–0 return leg win at home, thus setting the stage for the start of the league season. Playing on a star-laden team along with Zinedine Zidane, Ronaldo, Luis Figo, Roberto Carlos, Raúl, Iker Casillas, etc., Beckham did not require much time to settle in, scoring five times in his first 16 matches (including a goal less than three minutes into his La Liga debut). Queiroz mostly favoured the adaptable 5–3–2 formation with two fullbacks Michel Salgado and Roberto Carlos often joining the attack down the wings, while Beckham quickly found a regular playing spot on the right of the 3-man midfield alongside Zidane and Figo.[64]
Real Madrid were runners-up in the Copa del Rey, were knocked out of the UEFA Champions League at the quarter-final stage and finished the league season in fourth place, meaning the team, whose president Pérez expected them to win either the Spanish league or the Champions League each season, did not match expectations.
In July 2004, while Beckham was in pre-season training in Spain, an intruder scaled a wall at the Beckham home while carrying a can of petrol. Victoria and their children were in the house at the time, but security guards apprehended the man before he reached the house.[65]
The league season began with new head coach José Antonio Camacho behind the bench, but he ended up lasting only three matches, handing in his resignation following week 3 fixture as Real dropped to eighth spot in the La Liga standings. Camacho's assistant Mariano García Remón took over on temporary basis as Real leadership scrambled to find a permanent replacement. Beckham made more headlines on 9 October 2004 when he admitted intentionally fouling Ben Thatcher in an England match against Wales in order to get himself booked. Beckham was due to receive a one-match suspension for his next caution, and had picked up an injury, which he knew would keep him out of England's next match, so he deliberately fouled Thatcher in order to serve his suspension in a match that he would have had to miss anyway. The Football Association asked Beckham for an explanation of his actions and he admitted that he had "made a mistake" and apologised.[66] He was sent off shortly afterwards, this time in a league match for Real Madrid against Valencia CF. Having received a yellow card, he was judged to have sarcastically applauded the referee and was given a second yellow card, causing an automatic dismissal, although the suspension was cancelled on appeal two days later.
By Christmas 2004, with the team sitting in second league spot, García Remón was gone as Vanderlei Luxemburgo became the new head coach. However, the well-traveled Brazilian failed to inspire the team to the title as Real again finished the season in the runner-up spot.
On 3 December 2005, Beckham was sent off for the third time that season in a league match against Getafe CF. One day later Luxemburgo got the axe and was replaced with Juan Ramón López Caro. By the end of that season, Beckham led La Liga in number of assists.
During the season, Beckham established football academies in Los Angeles and east London and he was named a judge for the 2006 British Book Awards.[67] Real Madrid finished second to Barcelona in the 2005–06 La Liga, albeit with a large 12-point gap, and reached the last 16 only in the Champions League after losing to Arsenal. The season also marked the end of an era for the club as Pérez resigned his president post in January 2006 with Vicente Boluda named as replacement on interim basis until the end of the season.
The summer 2006 off-season marked a turbulent time as club president elections were held. Ramón Calderón became the new Real president. As expected, none of the club officials that served under the previous president were kept, including head coach López Caro.
Initially out of favour with newly arrived head coach Fabio Capello, Beckham started only a few games at the beginning of the season, as the speedier José Antonio Reyes was normally preferred on the right wing. In the first nine matches Beckham started, Real lost seven.
On 10 January 2007, after prolonged contract negotiations, Real Madrid's sporting director Predrag Mijatović announced that Beckham would not remain at Real Madrid after the end of the season. However, he later claimed that he was mistranslated and that he actually said that Beckham's contract had not yet been renewed.[68]
On 11 January 2007, Beckham announced that he had signed a five-year deal to play for Los Angeles Galaxy beginning 1 July 2007. On 13 January 2007, Fabio Capello said that Beckham had played his last game for Real Madrid, although he would continue to train with the team.[69] A few days later while speaking to the students at Villanueva University Center in Madrid, club president Calderón said that Beckham is "going to Hollywood to be half a film star", adding "our technical staff were right not to extend his contract, which has been proved by the fact that no other technical staff in the world wanted him except Los Angeles".[70]
However, about a month later, Capello backtracked on his earlier statement, allowing Beckham to rejoin the team for the match against Real Sociedad on 10 February 2007. The player immediately repaid his head coach's trust by scoring the equalising goal from a 27-yard free kick as Real Madrid eventually recorded a 2–1 victory.[71] In his final UEFA Champions League appearance for the club, Real Madrid were knocked out of the competition by Bayern Munich at the round-of-16 stage (on the away goals rule) on 7 March 2007. The return leg against Bayern was Beckham's 103rd match in the Champions League, at the time placing him third on the all-time appearances list in the competition.
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On 17 June 2007, the last day of the La Liga season, Beckham started in his final match for the club, a 3–1 win over RCD Mallorca, which saw them clinch the title from Barcelona. With Real down 0–1 Beckham limped off the field and was replaced by José Antonio Reyes who scored two goals leading the team to that season's La Liga title, their first since Beckham had signed with them and 30th overall in club's history. Although Real and Barca both finished level on points, Madrid took the title because of superior head-to-head record, capping a remarkable six-month turnaround for Beckham. With his wife and children along with celebrity friends Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes watching from a luxury box at Bernabeu Stadium, it was only Beckham's second piece of silverware since he joined the famous club.
Towards the end of the season, as Beckham was getting back into Capello's good books after successfully fighting his way back into the first team, Real Madrid announced they would try to untie his transfer to LA Galaxy, but were ultimately unsuccessful.[72] Several weeks before Beckham's scheduled arrival to the United States, Real's management contacted LA Galaxy's ownership group about reacquiring the player, but were quickly turned down.[73]
A month after the conclusion of Beckham's Real career, Forbes magazine reported that he had been the party primarily responsible for the team's huge increase in merchandise sales, a total reported to top US$600 million during Beckham's four years at the club.[74]
Los Angeles Galaxy[link]
I'm coming there not to be a superstar. I'm coming there to be part of the team, to work hard and to hopefully win things. With me, it's about football. I'm coming there to make a difference. I'm coming there to play football ... I'm not saying me coming over to the States is going to make soccer the biggest sport in America. That would be difficult to achieve. Baseball, basketball, American football, they've been around. But I wouldn't be doing this if I didn't think I could make a difference.[75]
Beckham on going to America
From ESPN
From ESPN
Beckham's involvement with Major League Soccer began while he was still a Real Madrid player when it was confirmed on 11 January 2007 that the world's most famous footballer would be leaving Madrid in six months in order to join MLS' Los Angeles Galaxy. The speculation about his new contract in Madrid was thus put to an end and the following day Beckham's official press conference was held in conjunction with the 2007 MLS SuperDraft.[76]
Predictably, the announcement made top news all across the globe. Though many worldwide media outlets reported the deal to be worth US$250 million,[77] the astronomical figure was soon revealed to be something of a PR stunt engineered by Beckham's media handlers (British representative agency 19 Entertainment).[78] In order to maximise the media effect, in the press release they decided to list the potential sum that Beckham could make over the 5-year period from all his revenue sources, which in addition to his Galaxy pay also include his personal endorsements. Beckham's actual deal with the Galaxy was a 5-year contract worth US$32.5 million in total or $6.5 million per year.[79] The cost of his signing was spread evenly among the then 14 MLS teams rather than picked up just by LA Galaxy because the goal was to boost the standing in America of professional soccer as a whole, against the country’s indigenous sports.[80]
The high-profile acquisition paid immediate financial dividends for Galaxy long before Beckham joined the team. On the strength of the signing and the media frenzy it created, the club was able to pull off a new 5-year shirt sponsorship deal with Herbalife nutrition company worth US$20 million. The gate revenue peaked as well with 11,000 new season tickets holders and sold-out luxury suites (each one of the 42 inside the team's home ground, the Home Depot Center).[81] Even the LA Galaxy owners Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) saw an immediate spike in business. Involved on many business fronts worldwide, AEG was already leveraging its Beckham association in places such as China, where the company had been working aggressively in Shanghai and Beijing for years to receive clearance to build arenas and stadiums. The company's CEO Tim Leiweke put it as follows: "Suddenly, we're known as the company that owns the team that David Beckham is going to play for, so our world changed".[82]
In the months following the announcement, the additional terms of Beckham's contract became public knowledge. One unique contract provision was giving him the option of buying an MLS expansion franchise at a fixed price whenever he stopped playing in the league – an allowance that the league's owners had never given to a player before. Another provision was the opt-out clause after the 2009 season, meaning that should he decide so, Beckham was free to leave the club after completing year three of his 5-year contract.[81]
In April 2007, he and wife Victoria bought an $18.2 million home on San Ysidro Drive in Beverly Hills.[83]
Beckham's contract with LA Galaxy took effect on 11 July, and on 13 July, the famous Englishman was officially unveiled as a Galaxy player at the Home Depot Center to much fanfare and world media interest in front of more than 5,000 gathered fans and some 700 accredited media members.[84] Beckham chose to wear number 23. It was announced that Galaxy jersey sales had already reached a record figure of over 250,000 prior to this formal introduction.[85]
In parallel, Beckham's handlers at 19 Entertainment succeeded in putting together an unprecedented US media rollout designed to expand his carefully crafted personal brand in America. He made the cover of Sports Illustrated, a few weeks earlier Adidas launched the extensive 13-part ad campaign "Fútbol meets Football" starring Beckham and NFL running back Reggie Bush, and W magazine published a racy photo spread featuring David and wife Victoria. Meanwhile, ESPN sports network was running "Hello, Goodbye" promotional campaign and it also agreed to air David Beckham: New Beginnings documentary produced by 19 Entertainment before the friendly match versus Chelsea, which was expected to be Beckham's American debut. In addition to popularising soccer, Beckham's arrival was used as platform for entertainment industry endeavours. Since both Beckham's and his wife's often overlapping careers were handled by 19 Entertainment that's owned by Simon Fuller, who in turn has a business relationship with the Creative Artists Agency (CAA), one of Hollywood's most powerful talent agencies, it was important also for CAA that the Beckhams made as big a splash as possible upon their arrival in the United States. On 16 July, CAA had hosted a welcoming bash for David at its new eight-storey, $400 million headquarters in Century City with CAA employees reportedly instructed beforehand to line the staircase and clap for Beckham upon his arrival.[86] That night Victoria's reality show prime-time special Victoria Beckham: Coming to America aired on NBC, drawing terrible reviews in the American press and poor US viewership ratings.[87]
On Saturday afternoon, 21 July, despite still nursing the injured left ankle that he picked up a month earlier during the final match of La Liga's season, Beckham made his Galaxy debut, coming on for Alan Gordon in the 78th minute of a 0–1 friendly loss to Chelsea as part of the World Series of Soccer.[88] With a capacity crowd, along with a long Hollywood celebrity list featuring Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes, Eva Longoria, Mary-Kate Olsen, governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jennifer Love-Hewitt, Alicia Silverstone and Drew Carey among others, present at the Home Depot Center, the match was broadcast live on ESPN's main network. However, the proceedings on the field of play completely took a back seat to the Beckham spectacle, and despite the presence of worldwide football stars Andriy Shevchenko, Didier Drogba, Michael Ballack, Frank Lampard, and John Terry, the US television cameras were firmly focused on Beckham who spent most of the match on the bench. The match's added time featured a scare for already injured Beckham when he got tackled by Steve Sidwell whose cleats struck Beckham's right foot, sending him airborne before he crumpled hard to the ground. Though the existing injury was not aggravated too much, Beckham's recovery process was set back by about a week. ESPN's presentation of Beckham's debut earned a 1.0 TV rating, meaning it was seen in an average of 947,000 television homes in the US – a disappointing figure given the national media buzz and two weeks of constant promotion by ESPN. For comparison ESPN2's weekly MLS broadcasts on Thursdays drew a consistent 0.2 rating on virtually no promotion while Freddy Adu's MLS debut televised on ABC back in 2004 earned a 1.3 rating.[83] As far as sporting events that were televised that weekend in the United States, Beckham's much publicised debut drew less TV viewers than British Open golf tournament, a regular-season national baseball game, and even the Indy Racing League's Honda 200 motor race.[83]
The day after the made-for-TV debut was reserved for the welcoming party for the Beckhams at LA's Museum of Contemporary Art, formally billed as being hosted by Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes, Will Smith, and Jada Pinkett Smith though in actuality a CAA-organized event. Attended by many Hollywood A-listers, the lavish bash was big news in the US celebrity tabloid media, including daily entertainment TV magazines such as Entertainment Tonight and Access Hollywood.[89]
Back on the soccer front, Beckham missed the next four Galaxy matches – three in the North American SuperLiga and an MLS game away at Toronto FC though he still made the trip with his teammates, sitting on the bench in street clothes. It was in Toronto on 5 August that the team got its first taste of what life would be like on the road with Beckham on the roster. Due to security concerns, it was the first time the team flew on a charter for a road match, rather than flying commercial (MLS normally forbids charter flights for away matches, claiming they provide competitive advantage, but in this case they made an exception due to the frenzy created around Beckham and resulting security issues). Also, instead of the usual MLS-mandated modest hotels, LA Galaxy stayed at the five-star Le Méridien King Edward in downtown Toronto (an expense paid for by the local Toronto promoter), while the glitz and glamour continued with the velvet rope, red carpet party at the Ultra Supper Club with Beckham as the centerpiece guest.[90]
Two weeks after his 12-minute appearance vs. Chelsea, still not fully healed Beckham finally made his league debut as a substitute on 9 August away versus DC United in front of the sellout crowd of 46,686 (nearly three times the average DC United home crowd) at the RFK Stadium, coming on for Quavas Kirk in the 71st minute.[91] Coming into the nationally televised match on ESPN, played under a heavy downpour with his team down a man and down a goal, even if only 70% fit, Beckham left a mark during the remaining twenty plus minutes. He hit a long free kick that Carlos Pavón failed to finish on for the equalizier, and then in the final minutes Beckham served a weighted through ball into Donovan's path that United's keeper Troy Perkins managed to break up in the last moment – the Galaxy lost 1–0. The next match on the road trip was at New England Revolution and Beckham decided to sit it out, fearing further aggrivating his ankle on the Gillette Stadium's artificial surface.
Beckham returned to the pitch the following week, again facing DC United, in the SuperLiga semi-final on 15 August. During this game he had many firsts with the Galaxy; his first start, first yellow card and first game as team captain.[92] He also scored his first goal for the team, from a free kick, and also made his first assist, for Landon Donovan in the second half. These goals gave the team a 2–0 victory, and a place in the North American SuperLiga final versus Pachuca on 29 August.
During the SuperLiga final against Pachuca, Beckham injured his right knee, with an MRI scan revealing that he had sprained his medial collateral ligament and would be out for six weeks. He returned to play in the final home match of the season. The Galaxy were eliminated from playoff contention on 21 October, in the final MLS match of the season, a 1–0 loss to the Chicago Fire. Beckham played as a substitute in the match, bringing his season totals to eight matches played (5 league); one goal scored (0 league); and three assists (2 league).
Beckham trained with Arsenal from 4 January 2008 for three weeks, until he returned to the Galaxy for pre-season training.[93] Beckham scored his first league goal with the Galaxy on 3 April against the San Jose Earthquakes in the 9th minute.[94] On 24 May 2008, the Galaxy defeated the Kansas City Wizards 3–1, giving the Galaxy their first winning record in two years and moving the club into first place in the Western Conference. In the match, Beckham scored an empty-net goal from 70 yards out. The goal marked the second time in Beckham's career that he had scored from his own half, the other being a 1996 goal from the half-way line against Wimbledon at Selhurst Park.[95] Overall, however, the Galaxy had a disappointing year, failing to qualify for the end-of-season play-offs.
Loan to Milan[link]
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In 2008, Beckham's success in the England national team under Fabio Capello led to speculation that he might return to Europe in order to retain match fitness for the World Cup qualifying matches in 2009. On 30 October 2008, Milan announced that Beckham was to join them on loan from 7 January 2009.[96] Despite this and other speculation, Beckham made it clear that the move in no way signalled his intent to leave MLS and announced his intent to return to the Galaxy in time for the start of the 2009 season in March.[97] Many at Milan both within and outside of the club expressed serious reservations about the transfer, with it considered by some players no more than a marketing move.[98] At Milan, he chose the number 32 shirt previously worn by Christian Vieri, as both the number 7 and 23 shirts were already used by Alexandre Pato and club captain Massimo Ambrosini, respectively. After his physical, Beckham was reportedly told by a club doctor that he believed he can continue playing football for another five years, when he will be 38.[99]
Beckham made his Serie A debut for Milan against Roma on 11 January 2009 and played 89 minutes of the 2–2 draw.[100] He scored his first goal in Serie A for Milan in a 4–1 victory over Bologna on 25 January, his third appearance for the club.[101] Though Beckham was expected to return to L.A. in March, after impressing at the Italian club, scoring two goals in his first four matches and assisting on several more, rumours began to swirl that Beckham would stay in Milan, with the Italian club reportedly offering to pay a multi-million dollar fee for him. The rumours were confirmed on 4 February, when Beckham stated that he was seeking a permanent transfer to Milan, in a bid to sustain his England career through the 2010 World Cup. However, Milan failed to match Galaxy's valuation of Beckham, in the US$10–15 million range.[102]
Still, negotiations continued during a month of speculation.[103] On 2 March, the Los Angeles Times reported that Beckham's loan had been extended through mid-July.[104] This was later confirmed by Beckham, revealing what was described as a unique "timeshare" deal, in which Beckham would play with L.A. from mid-July till the end of the 2009 MLS season.[105]
Return to Galaxy[link]
After his return from Milan, many LA fans showed dislike and anger towards him as he missed the first half of the season and several held up signs saying "Go home fraud", and "Part time player".[106] However, the Galaxy had a much more successful season than in previous years, rising from third to first in the Western Conference during Beckham's time with them. He remained a key part of the squad which saw Galaxy win the 2009 Western Conference final after a 2–0 overtime victory over the Houston Dynamo.[107] In the final on 22 November 2009, the Galaxy lost to Real Salt Lake by 5–4 in a penalty shoot-out after a 1–1 draw. Beckham also scored in the shootout.[108]
Second loan spell at Milan[link]
In November 2009, after the end of 2009 MLS season, it was confirmed that Beckham would return to Milan for a second loan period beginning in January 2010.[109] On 6 January 2010, Beckham made a winning return in a Milan shirt, playing 75 minutes of a 5–2 victory over Genoa.[110] On 16 February 2010, Beckham played against Manchester United for the first time since he left the club in 2003. He played 76 minutes of the match at the San Siro – which ended 3–2 to Manchester United – before being substituted for Clarence Seedorf.[111]
Beckham returned to Old Trafford for the second leg of the tie on 10 March 2010; he did not start the match, but was brought on for Ignazio Abate in the 64th minute to a positive reception from the Manchester United fans. The score was 3–0 for United at that point and the tie was all but decided. The match was the first time Beckham had played against Manchester United at Old Trafford and saw him create several scoring opportunities via crosses and corner kicks, but Manchester United dominated Milan and beat them 4–0, winning the tie 7–2.[112] Following the final whistle, he aroused a bit of controversy by draping the green-and-gold scarf around his neck that was given to him by the Manchester United supporters protesting against club owner Malcolm Glazer. As the fan protests against Glazer by the people gathered around Manchester United Supporters' Trust gained steam in 2010, the green-and-gold scarf had come to be seen as an anti-Glazer symbol, and by extension many saw Beckham's decision to publicly put it on as gesture of support. However, when asked about it later Beckham responded that protests are not his business.[113]
In Milan's next game, against ChievoVerona, Beckham suffered a torn left Achilles tendon,[114] causing him to miss the World Cup as well as the MLS season due to the injury, which took him out of action for the next five months. Doctor Sakari Orava performed surgery on Beckham's tendon in Turku, Finland, on 15 March 2010.[115] After the operation, Orava affirmed that "it went quite fine. The prognosis is he needs a rehabilitation for the next few months, and the plaster cast is the next six to eight weeks. I would say that [it will be] maybe four months before he's running, but six months before he's jumping and kicking."[116]
Second return to Galaxy[link]
On 11 September 2010, after recovering from his Achilles tendon injury, Beckham returned to the game as a substitute in the 70th minute in the Galaxy's 3–1 win over Columbus Crew.[117] On 4 October, Beckham scored a trademark free kick in a 2–1 win over Chivas to mark his first goal in 2010.[118] On 24 October, Beckham scored his second goal of the season in the Galaxy's 2–1 win over Dallas which secured them their second successive Western Conference title and first MLS Supporters' Shield since 2002.[119]
During January and February 2011, ahead of the 2011 MLS season, Beckham trained with Tottenham Hotspur. Rumours in the media claimed that the club were in talks with the Galaxy to sign the player on loan, but, according to Spurs manager Harry Redknapp, the move was blocked by Galaxy, who wanted a full final season from their number 23.[120] As a result, he ended up only training with the club as he had done with Arsenal three years earlier. With Beckham playing in the centre of midfield, the Los Angeles Galaxy won the 2011 MLS cup.
MLS Cup Champion[link]
On 15 May, Beckham scored his first goal of the season for the Galaxy from a 30-yard free kick, in a 4–1 victory over Sporting Kansas City.[121] On 9 July, Beckham scored directly from a corner in a 2–1 win over Chicago Fire, repeating a feat he also achieved while playing for Preston North End.[122]
After having his best season with the Galaxy to date and finishing second in the league in assists, Beckham finished his fifth MLS season on a high. On 20 November 2011, he joined an elite group of players to have won three league titles in three different countries, when Los Angeles won their third MLS Cup against Houston Dynamo, winning 1–0 on a goal by captain Landon Donovan, with assists from Beckham and fellow designated player, Robbie Keane.[9][123] Had it been Beckham's final match for the Galaxy, it would have been the third time he has won a league championship in his final match for a club, repeating the feat he accomplished with Manchester United in 2003 and Real Madrid in 2007.[9]
Following the 2011 season, in which the Galaxy won their second consecutive Supporters' Shield, having the second most points in MLS history, Beckham's five-year contract with the Galaxy expired on 31 December 2011. Despite being 36, he stated that he did not intend to retire. Beckham was heavily linked with Paris Saint-Germain, but on 18 January 2012, Galaxy announced Beckham had signed a new two-year contract to remain in Los Angeles.[124][125][126][127][128]
International career[link]
Beckham made his first appearance for the England national football team on 1 September 1996, in a World Cup qualifying match against Moldova.[129]
Beckham had played in all of England's qualifying matches for the 1998 World Cup and was part of the England squad at the World Cup finals in France,[130] but the team's manager Glenn Hoddle publicly accused him of not concentrating on the tournament,[131] and he did not start in either of England's first two matches. He was picked for their third match against Colombia and scored from a long-range free kick in a 2–0 victory, which was his first goal for England.
In the second round (last 16) of that competition, he received a red card in England's match against Argentina.[132] Beckham, after having been fouled by Diego Simeone, kicked Simeone whilst lying on the floor, striking him on the calf muscle. Simeone later admitted to trying to get Beckham sent off by over-reacting to the kick and then, along with other members of his team, urging the referee to send Beckham off.[133] The match finished in a draw and England were eliminated in a penalty shootout. Many supporters and journalists blamed him for England's elimination and he became the target of criticism and abuse, including the hanging of an effigy outside a London pub, and the Daily Mirror printing a dartboard with a picture of him centred on the bullseye. Beckham also received death threats after the World Cup.[134]
The abuse that Beckham was receiving from English supporters peaked during England's 3–2 defeat by Portugal in Euro 2000, a match where Beckham set up two goals, when a group of England supporters taunted him throughout the match.[135] Beckham responded by raising his middle finger and, while the gesture attracted some criticism, many of the newspapers that had previously encouraged his vilification asked their readers to stop abusing him.[136]
On 15 November 2000, following Kevin Keegan's resignation as England manager in October, Beckham was promoted to team captain by the caretaker manager Peter Taylor, and then kept the role under new manager Sven-Göran Eriksson. He helped England to qualify for the 2002 World Cup Finals, with their performances including an impressive 5–1 victory over Germany in Munich. The final step in Beckham's conversion from villain to hero happened in England's 2–2 draw against Greece on 6 October 2001. England needed to win or draw the match in order to qualify outright for the World Cup, but were losing 2–1 with little time remaining. When Teddy Sheringham was fouled eight yards (7 metres) outside the Greek penalty area, England were awarded a free-kick and Beckham ensured England's qualification with a curling strike of the kind that had become his trademark. Shortly afterwards, he was voted the BBC Sports Personality of the Year for 2001. He once again finished runner-up, to Luís Figo of Portugal, for the FIFA World Player of the Year award.
Beckham was partially fit by the time of the 2002 World Cup and played in the first match against Sweden. Beckham scored the winning goal of the match against Argentina with a penalty, causing Argentina to fail to qualify for the knockout stage. England were knocked out of the tournament in the quarter-finals by eventual winners Brazil. The following month, at the opening ceremony of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, Beckham escorted Kirsty Howard as she presented the Jubilee Baton to the Queen.
Beckham played in all of England's matches at Euro 2004, but the tournament was a disappointment for him. He had a penalty saved in England's 2–1 defeat to France and missed another in a penalty shootout in the quarter-final match against Portugal. England lost the shootout thus going out of the competition.
Beckham became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in January 2005 and was involved in promoting London's successful bid for the 2012 Olympic Games.[137] In October 2005, Beckham's sending off against Austria made him the first ever England captain to be sent off and the first player to be sent off twice while playing for England. He captained England for the 50th time in a friendly international against Argentina the following month.
In England's opening game at the 2006 World Cup, against Paraguay on 10 June 2006, Beckham's free kick led to an own-goal by Carlos Gamarra as England won 1–0. In England's next match, played against Trinidad and Tobago on 15 June 2006, Beckham's cross in the 83rd minute led to a Peter Crouch goal, which put England into the lead 1–0. Beckham gave another assist to Steven Gerrard. In the end they won 2–0. He was named Man of the Match by tournament sponsor Budweiser for this game.
During England's second round match against Ecuador, Beckham scored from a free kick in the 59th minute, becoming the first ever English player to score in three separate World Cups,[138] and giving England a 1–0 victory and a place in the quarter-finals. He was sick before the game and vomited several times as a result of dehydration and illness after he scored the winning goal.
In the quarter-final against Portugal, Beckham was substituted following an injury shortly after half time and the England team went on to lose the match on penalties (3–1), the score having been 0–0 after extra time. After his substitution, Beckham was visibly shaken and emotional for not being able to play, being in tears at one point.
A day after England were knocked out of the World Cup, an emotional Beckham made a statement in a news conference saying that he had stepped down as England captain,[139] saying, "It has been an honour and privilege to captain my country but, having been captain for 58 of my 95[140] games, I feel the time is right to pass on the armband as we enter a new era under Steve McClaren." (Beckham had actually won 94 caps up to that point.) He was succeeded by Chelsea captain John Terry.[141]
Having stepped down as captain after the World Cup, Beckham was dropped completely from the England national team selected by new coach Steve McClaren on 11 August 2006. McClaren claimed that he was "looking to go in a different direction" with the team, and that Beckham "wasn't included within that." McClaren said Beckham could be recalled in future. Shaun Wright-Phillips, Kieran Richardson, and the World Cup alternative to Beckham, Aaron Lennon, were all included, although McClaren eventually opted to employ Steven Gerrard in that role.
On 26 May 2007, McClaren announced that Beckham would be recalled to the England squad for the first time since stepping down as their captain. Beckham started against Brazil in England's first match at the new Wembley Stadium and put in a positive performance. In the second half, he set up England's goal converted by captain John Terry. It looked as though England would claim victory over Brazil, but newcomer Diego equalised in the dying seconds. In England's next match, a Euro 2008 qualifier against Estonia, Beckham sent two trademark assists for Michael Owen and Peter Crouch, helping England to prevail 3–0.
Beckham had assisted in three of England's four total goals in those two games,[142] and he stated his desire to continue to play for England after his move to Major League Soccer.
On 22 August 2007, Beckham played in a friendly for England against Germany, becoming the first ever to play for England while with a non-European club team.[143] On 21 November 2007, Beckham earned his 99th cap against Croatia, setting up a goal for Peter Crouch to tie the game at 2–2. Following the 2–3 loss, England failed to qualify for the Euro 2008 Finals. Despite this, Beckham said that he has no plans to retire from international football and wanted to continue playing for the national team.[144] After being passed over by new England coach and Beckham's former manager at Real Madrid, Fabio Capello, for a friendly against Switzerland which would have given him his hundredth cap; Beckham admitted that he was not in shape at the time, as he had not played a competitive match in three months.[145]
On 20 March 2008, Beckham was recalled to the England squad by Capello for the friendly against France in Paris on 26 March. Beckham became only the fifth Englishman to win 100 caps. Capello had hinted on 25 March 2008 that Beckham had a long term future in his side ahead of crucial qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup.[146] On 11 May 2008, Capello included an in-form Beckham in his 31 man England squad to face the United States at Wembley Stadium on 28 May before the away fixture with Trinidad and Tobago on 1 June. Beckham was honoured before the match by receiving an honorary gold cap representing his 100th cap from Bobby Charlton, and was given a standing ovation from the crowd. He played well and assisted John Terry on the match-winning goal. When substituted at half-time for David Bentley, the pro-Beckham crowd booed the decision.[147] In a surprise move, Capello handed Beckham the captaincy for England's friendly against Trinidad and Tobago on 1 June 2008. The match was the first time since the 2006 World Cup that Beckham had skippered England and marked a dramatic turnaround for Beckham. In two years, he had gone from being dropped completely from the England squad to being reinstated (though temporarily) as England captain.[148]
During the 2010 World Cup Qualifier against Belarus in which England won 3–1 in Minsk, Beckham came off the bench in the 87th minute to earn his 107th cap making him England's 3rd highest capped player in history, over-taking Bobby Charlton in the process. On 11 February 2009, Beckham drew level with Bobby Moore's record of 108 caps for an English outfield player, coming on as a substitute for Stewart Downing in a friendly match against Spain.[149] On 28 March 2009, Beckham surpassed Moore to hold the record outright when he came on as a substitute in a friendly against Slovakia, providing the assist for a goal from Wayne Rooney in the process.[150]
In all, Beckham had made 16 appearances out of a possible 20 for England under Capello until his ruptured Achilles tendon of March 2010 ruled him out of selection for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.[13] His last game for England before injury had been on 14 October 2009 as a substitute in England's last World Cup qualifying game, which ended England 3 – 0 Belarus.[13] While unable to play, Beckham still went to the tournament as part of the England back-room staff, acting as a mediator between management and the players.[151]
After a poor performance from England at the World Cup Capello remained as manager, but was under pressure to revamp the England squad for the imminent UEFA Euro 2012 qualification campaign. He unveiled a new team at the next England match, a home friendly game against Hungary on 11 August 2010, with Beckham still unavailable for selection but aiming for a return to playing in the MLS by the following month.[13] In the post-match interview, Capello said of the prospect of the now 35-year-old Beckham playing any future competitive matches for England, that "I need to change it. David is a fantastic player but I think we need new players for the future", referring to the new players that play in Beckham's right midfield position, including Theo Walcott and Adam Johnson, adding "This is the future of the team under Fabio Capello or another manager".[13] He said that Beckham may be selected for one last friendly game, stating, "If he is fit, I hope we will play one more game here at Wembley so the fans can say goodbye". In response to the comments, Beckham's agent released a statement reiterating Beckham's position that he had no desire to retire from international football, and would always make himself available for selection for England if fit and if needed.[13]
International goals[link]
As of 28 October 2009
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition | Reports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 26 June 1998 | Stade Félix Bollaert, Lens |  Colombia |
2–0 | 2–0 | 1998 FIFA World Cup | [152] |
| 2. | 24 March 2001 | Anfield, Liverpool |  Finland |
2–1 | 2–1 | 2002 FIFA World Cup Qual. | [153] |
| 3. | 25 May 2001 | Pride Park, Derby |  Mexico |
3–0 | 4–0 | Friendly match | [154] |
| 4. | 6 June 2001 | Olympic Stadium, Athens |  Greece |
2–0 | 2–0 | 2002 FIFA World Cup Qual. | [155] |
| 5. | 6 October 2001 | Old Trafford, Manchester | Greece |
2–2 | 2–2 | 2002 FIFA World Cup Qual. | [156] |
| 6. | 10 November 2001 | Old Trafford, Manchester |  Sweden |
1–0 | 1–1 | Friendly match | [157] |
| 7. | 7 June 2002 | Sapporo Dome, Sapporo |  Argentina |
1–0 | 1–0 | 2002 FIFA World Cup | [158] |
| 8. | 12 October 2002 | Tehelné pole, Bratislava |  Slovakia |
1–1 | 2–1 | UEFA Euro 2004 Qual. | [159] |
| 9. | 16 October 2002 | St Mary's Stadium, Southampton |  Macedonia |
1–1 | 2–2 | UEFA Euro 2004 Qual. | [160] |
| 10. | 29 March 2003 | Rheinpark Stadion, Vaduz |  Liechtenstein |
2–0 | 2–0 | UEFA Euro 2004 Qual. | [161] |
| 11. | 2 April 2003 | Stadium of Light, Sunderland |  Turkey |
2–0 | 2–0 | UEFA Euro 2004 Qual. | [162] |
| 12. | 20 August 2003 | Portman Road, Ipswich |  Croatia |
1–0 | 3–1 | Friendly match | [163] |
| 13. | 6 September 2003 | Gradski, Skopje | Macedonia |
2–1 | 2–1 | UEFA Euro 2004 Qual. | [164] |
| 14. | 18 August 2004 | St James' Park, Newcastle |  Ukraine |
1–0 | 3–0 | Friendly match | [165] |
| 15. | 9 October 2004 | Old Trafford, Manchester |  Wales |
2–0 | 2–0 | 2006 FIFA World Cup Qual. | [166] |
| 16. | 30 March 2005 | St James' Park, Newcastle |  Azerbaijan |
2–0 | 2–0 | 2006 FIFA World Cup Qual. | [167] |
| 17. | 25 June 2006 | Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion, Stuttgart |  Ecuador |
1–0 | 1–0 | 2006 FIFA World Cup | [168] |
Coaching career[link]
England 2010[link]
Due to an injury suffered to his torn left Achilles tendon, Beckham was forced to miss the 2010 FIFA World Cup as a player. On 14 May 2010 it was announced that Beckham would work as a mediator between management and the players, and as an English member of the coaching staff for the England national football team at the tournament.[151] As an agreement between Beckham, his representatives, his club, Los Angeles Galaxy and Fabio Capello, the former England captain was on the plane to South Africa on 2 June.
Discipline[link]
Former manager Alex Ferguson said that he "practised with a discipline to achieve an accuracy that other players wouldn't care about."[169] He maintained his training routine at Real Madrid and even when his relationship with management was strained in early 2007, Real Madrid president Ramón Calderón and manager Fabio Capello praised Beckham for maintaining his professionalism and commitment to the club.[170][171]
Beckham was the first England player ever to collect two red cards and the first England captain to be sent off.[172] Beckham's most notorious red card was during the 1998 FIFA World Cup after Argentina's Diego Simeone had fouled him, Beckham lashed out with his leg and the Argentine fell.
He amassed 41 yellow cards and four red cards for Real Madrid.[173]
Honours[link]
Club[link]
- Manchester United
- Premier League (6): 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03
- FA Cup (2): 1995–96, 1998–99
- FA Community Shield (4): 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997
- FA Youth Cup (1): 1991–92
- UEFA Champions League (1): 1998–99
- Intercontinental Cup (1): 1999
- Real Madrid
- La Liga (1): 2006–07
- Supercopa de España (1): 2003
- Los Angeles Galaxy
- MLS Supporters' Shield (2): 2010, 2011
- MLS Cup (1): 2011
International[link]
- England
Individual[link]
- Premier League Player of the Month (1): August 1996
- PFA Young Player of the Year (1): 1996–97
- FWA Tribute Award: 2008
- Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year (1): 1996–97
- UEFA Club Footballer of the Year (1): 1998–99
- UEFA Club Midfielder of the Year (1): 1998–99
- Premier League 10 Seasons Awards (1992–93 to 2001–02):
- Domestic & Overall Team of the Decade
- Goal of the Decade (vs. Wimbledon, 17 August 1996)
- BBC Sports Personality of the Year (1): 2001
- UEFA Team of the Year 2003
- Real Madrid Player of the Year (1): 2005–2006
- PFA Team of the Year (4): 1996–197,1997–98,1998–99,1999–2000
- FIFA 100[174]
- ESPY Award – Best Male Soccer Player: 2004[175]
- ESPY Award – Best MLS Player: 2008[175]
- English Football Hall of Fame: 2008
- BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award (1): 2010[176]
- MLS Comeback Player of the Year Award (1): 2011[177]
- Major League Soccer Best XI: 2011
Orders and special awards[link]
- Officer in the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II: 2003
- England Player of the Year: 2003
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Goodwill Ambassador (2005–present)
- "Britain's Greatest Ambassador" – 100 Greatest Britons awards[178]
- The Celebrity 100, number 15 – Forbes, 2007[179]
- Number 1 on the list of the 40 most influential men under the age of 40 in the UK[180] – Arena, 2007
- Time 100: 2008[181]
- Gold Blue Peter Badge winner, 2001
Records[link]
- Second Englishman after Trevor Francis to win league titles in 3 different countries (England, Spain, USA)
- First England player to score at three World Cups
- First British footballer to play 100 Champions League games
- Has the joint-second most goal assists in European Championship finals history
Statistics[link]
- As of 17 March 2012.
| Club | Season | League | Cup | League Cup | Continental | Other1 | Total | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists | Apps | Goals | Assists | ||
| Manchester United | 1992–93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1993–94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Preston North End (loan) | 1994–95 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | ||
| Manchester United | 1994–95 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 0 |
| 1995–96 | 33 | 7 | – | 3 | 1 | – | 2 | 0 | – | 2 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 8 | – | |
| 1996–97 | 36 | 8 | – | 2 | 1 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 | – | 1 | 1 | – | 49 | 12 | – | |
| 1997–98 | 37 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 2 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | – | 1 | 0 | – | 50 | 11 | 1 | |
| 1998–99 | 34 | 6 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | 12 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 0 | – | 55 | 9 | 23 | |
| 1999–2000 | 31 | 6 | 2 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 8 | 2 | |||
| 2000–01 | 31 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | – | 1 | 0 | – | 46 | 9 | 1 | |
| 2001–02 | 28 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | – | 43 | 16 | 3 | |
| 2002–03 | 31 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 11 | 11 | |
| Total | 265 | 62 | 13 | 24 | 6 | – | 12 | 1 | – | 83 | 15 | 7 | 10 | 1 | – | 394 | 85 | 20 | |
| Real Madrid | 2003–04 | 32 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | – | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 45 | 7 | 2 | ||
| 2004–05 | 30 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 4 | 5 | |||
| 2005–06 | 31 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 0 | – | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 5 | 12 | |||
| 2006–07 | 23 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | – | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 4 | 6 | |||
| Total | 116 | 13 | 18 | 9 | 4 | 0 | – | 28 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 155 | 20 | 25 | |||
| Los Angeles Galaxy | 2007 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 3 | ||||
| 2008 | 25 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 5 | 10 | |||||
| Milan (loan) | 2008–09 | 18 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 2 | 5 | ||
| Los Angeles Galaxy | 2009 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 4 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 4 | ||||
| Milan (loan) | 2009–10 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Total | 29 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 2 | 6 | |||
| Los Angeles Galaxy | 2010 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| 2011 | 26 | 2 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 4 | 0 | 4 | 30 | 2 | 19 | |||||
| 2012 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 1 | 4 | |||
| Total | 79 | 12 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 6 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 1 | 8 | 98 | 13 | 43 | |||
| Career total | 494 | 91 | 70 | 33 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 121 | 17 | 15 | 21 | 3 | 9 | 684 | 122 | 94 | |
- 1Includes other competitive competitions, including the FA Community Shield, UEFA Super Cup, Intercontinental Cup, FIFA Club World Cup, Supercopa de España, SuperLiga and the MLS Cup Playoffs
| England national team | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 1996 | 3 | 0 |
| 1997 | 9 | 0 |
| 1998 | 8 | 1 |
| 1999 | 7 | 0 |
| 2000 | 10 | 0 |
| 2001 | 10 | 5 |
| 2002 | 9 | 3 |
| 2003 | 9 | 4 |
| 2004 | 12 | 2 |
| 2005 | 9 | 1 |
| 2006 | 8 | 1 |
| 2007 | 5 | 0 |
| 2008 | 8 | 0 |
| 2009 | 8 | 0 |
| Total | 115 | 17 |
David Beckham Academy[link]
In 2005, Beckham founded the David Beckham Academy football school, operating from two sites: in London and in Los Angeles, California. It was announced in late 2009 that both would close.[187] A mobile academy is being developed by Beckham, to travel around the UK and further afield.[188]
Personal life[link]
In 1997, Beckham started dating Victoria Adams, after she attended a Manchester United match. She was famously known as "Posh Spice" of the pop music group Spice Girls, one of the world's top pop groups at the time, and his team was also enjoying a great run of success. Therefore, their relationship instantly attracted a great deal of media attention. The couple were dubbed "Posh and Becks" by the media. He proposed to her on 24 January 1998 in a restaurant in Cheshunt, England.
On 4 July 1999, David and Victoria married at Luttrellstown Castle in Ireland. The wedding attracted tremendous media coverage. Beckham's teammate Gary Neville was the best man, and the couple's infant son, Brooklyn, was the ring bearer. The media were kept away from the ceremony, as the Beckhams had an exclusive deal with OK! Magazine, but newspapers were still able to obtain photographs showing them sitting on golden thrones.[189] 437 staff were employed for the wedding reception, which was estimated to have cost £500,000.[190]
In 1999, David and Victoria Beckham purchased their most famous home in Hertfordshire, unofficially dubbed Beckingham Palace, estimated to be worth £7.5 million. David and Victoria Beckham have four children: sons Brooklyn Joseph (born 1999 in London), Romeo James (born 2002 in London), and Cruz David (born 2005 in Madrid; the word "cruz" is Spanish for "cross"); and daughter Harper Seven (born 2011, in Los Angeles).[191][192] Elton John is godfather to Brooklyn and Romeo Beckham; their godmother is Elizabeth Hurley.[193]
In April 2007, the family purchased their current main residence, an Italian villa in Beverly Hills, to coincide with Beckham's transfer to the Galaxy that July. The mansion, priced at $22 million, is near the homes of Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes, and talk-show host Jay Leno, in an exclusive gated community in the hills overlooking the city. The family also owned a home in Dubai.[194]
Affair claims[link]
In April 2004, the British tabloid News of the World carried claims by Beckham's former personal assistant Rebecca Loos that he and Loos had an extramarital affair.[195][196] A week later, the Malaysian-born Australian model Sarah Marbeck claimed that she had slept with Beckham on two occasions. Beckham dismissed both accusations as "ludicrous".[197] In an interview with W Magazine, Victoria Beckham told a reporter, "I'm not going to lie: it was a really tough time. It was hard for our entire families. But I realised a lot of people have a price."[198]
Legal issues[link]
In December 2008, Beckham and his bodyguard were sued by paparazzi photographer Emicles da Mata, who claimed that he was assaulted by them when attempting to take a picture of Beckham in Beverly Hills. Da Mata is seeking unspecified damages for assault, battery, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.[199]
In September 2010 Beckham announced that he was pressing charges against prostitute Irma Nici and several others over claims in the magazine In Touch that he had had sex with her.[200] Beckham's court application was dismissed.
Fame beyond football[link]
Beckham's fame extends beyond the pitch; in much of the world his name is "as instantly recognisable as that of multinational companies like Coca-Cola and IBM."[201] Beckham's relationship and marriage to Victoria, who has been famous in her own right as part of the musical group Spice Girls, contributed to David's celebrity beyond football. So gilded has been the career of Beckham that Victoria revealed her nickname for her husband to be "Golden Balls",[202] an epithet he shares with an obscure mediaeval Anglo-Norman knight whose French name was Latinised to de Aureis Testiculis.
Beckham became known as a fashion plate, and together with Victoria, the couple became lucrative spokespeople sought after by clothing designers, health and fitness specialists, fashion magazines, perfume and cosmetics manufacturers, hair stylists, exercise promoters, and spa and recreation companies. One recent example is a new line of aftershave and fragrances called David Beckham Instinct.[203] In 2002 Beckham was hailed as the ultimate "metrosexual" by the man who invented the term[204][205] and has been described as such by numerous other articles since. The Beckhams were reportedly paid $13.7 million in 2007 to launch his fragrance line in the US. In the world of fashion, David has already appeared on the covers of many magazines. U.S. covers have included the men's magazine Details, and with his wife for the August 2007 issue of W.[206] According to Google, "David Beckham" was searched for more than any other sports topic on their site in 2003 and 2004.[207] The search engine Ask Jeeves named Beckham in December 2009 as the third most online searched person in the last decade. The findings are based on online activity by British users of the search engine.[208]
Upon their arrival in Los Angeles on 12 July 2007, the night before Beckham's formal introduction, Los Angeles International Airport was filled with paparazzi and news reporters.[209] On the next night, Victoria appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno to talk about the their move to LA, and presented Leno with a number 23 Galaxy jersey with his own name on the back. Victoria also talked about her NBC TV show Victoria Beckham: Coming to America.[210] On 22 July, a private welcoming party was held for the couple at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles. A-list celebrities attending included Steven Spielberg, Jim Carrey, George Clooney, Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes, Will Smith, Jada Pinkett Smith, and Oprah Winfrey.[211]
Beckham's many endorsement deals make him one of the most recognisable athletes throughout the world. On 31 December 2008, it was announced that Pepsi Co. was ending its endorsement deal with the player after a 10-year collaboration.[212] Beckham has several eponymous video games, including Go! Go! Beckham! Adventure on Soccer Island, a platform game for the Game Boy Advance, and David Beckham Soccer, a football game for the Xbox.[213][214] In August 2010, Beckham signed an endorsement deal with EA SPORTS to become brand ambassador for EA SPORTS Active 2.[215]
Beckham visited Afghanistan in May 2010 for a morale-boosting visit to British troops fighting the Taliban insurgency.[216][217][218] The appearance of Beckham as well as British Foreign Secretary William Hague and Defence Secretary Liam Fox was believed to have prompted a Taliban attack on Kandahar airfield. [219][220]
Charitable work[link]
Beckham has supported UNICEF since his days at Manchester United and in January 2005, the English national team captain became a Goodwill Ambassador with a special focus on UNICEF's Sports for Development program. More recently Beckham has pledged his support for the current Unite for Children, Unite against AIDS campaign.
On 17 January 2007, Rebecca Johnstone, a 19-year-old cancer patient from Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, received a surprise phone call from Beckham. After the conversation, he sent her a Real Madrid jersey with his signature on it. Rebecca died on 29 January 2007.[221]
Beckham is a spokesman for Malaria No More, a New York City-based non-profit launched in 2006. Malaria No More's mission is to end deaths caused by malaria in Africa. Beckham appears in a 2007 public service announcement advertising the need for inexpensive bed nets. The TV spot currently airs in the U.S. on Fox Networks, including Fox Soccer Channel, and can also be seen on YouTube.[222]
Since joining Major League Soccer, Beckham has been a very public advocate in the U.S. for related charities such as "MLS W.O.R.K.S." On 17 August 2007, he conducted a youth clinic in Harlem, along with other current and former MLS players. This was in advance of his first New York City area match the following day against the New York Red Bulls. That team's Jozy Altidore and Juan Pablo Ángel were also with Beckham, teaching skills to disadvantaged youth to benefit FC Harlem Lions.[223]
Appearances in films[link]
[edit] Bend It Like Beckham
Beckham never personally appeared in the 2002 film Bend It Like Beckham, except in archive footage. He and his wife wanted to make cameo appearances, but scheduling proved difficult, so the director used lookalikes instead.[224]
The Goal! Trilogy[link]
Beckham makes a cameo appearance with Zinedine Zidane and Raúl, in the 2005 film Goal!: The Dream Begins. Lookalike Andy Harmer, who played him in Bend It Like Beckham, also appears here in one party scene as Beckham.[225] Beckham himself appears in the sequel Goal! 2: Living the Dream...[226] in a larger role, when the film's lead character gets transferred to Real Madrid. This time the story centres around the Real Madrid team, and besides Beckham, other real life Real Madrid players also appear on and off the pitch, alongside the fictional characters. Beckham appeared in Goal! 3: Taking on the World, which was released straight to DVD on 15 June 2009.[227]
Despite moving to Los Angeles, California, Beckham has expressed no personal interest in pursuit of acting roles, saying he is too "stiff".[228]
Records[link]
Beckham has captained England 59 times,[229] the fourth highest after Bobby Moore (90), Billy Wright (90) and Bryan Robson (65).
With his free kick goal against Ecuador in the second round of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Beckham gained membership into two of football's exclusive clubs: he became the only English player – and the 21st player regardless of nationality – to score in three world cups; Real Madrid teammate Raúl also achieved this feat a few days earlier.[230] It also made him only the fifth player in World Cup history to score twice from a direct free kick; the other four were Pelé, Roberto Rivelino, Teófilo Cubillas, and Bernard Genghini (Beckham had previously scored this way against Colombia in the first round of the 1998 FIFA World Cup). All three goals were against South American teams (Colombia, Argentina, and Ecuador) and from set pieces (the two aforementioned free kicks and a penalty against Argentina).
Tattoos[link]
Beckham has at least 20 tattoos adorning his body, including recent black-and-white image of Christ drawn on his right side, based on a painting called "The Man Of Sorrows" by Catholic artist Matthew R. Brooks done after the death of his grandfather in 2009.[231] There are also names of his sons Romeo, Cruz and Brooklyn, name of his wife Victoria, written in Hindi, because Beckham thought it would be "tacky" to have it in English. On his right shoulder, there's an angel with the text 'In the face of adversity'.[231] Another tattoo is a Bible verse written in Hebrew, reads אני לדודי ודודי לי הרעה בשושנים, translated into: "I am my beloved's, and my beloved is mine, that shepherds among the lilies." In 2004 Beckham added the four-by-six-inch "winged cross" neck tattoo prior to England's three-nation tournament soccer match against Japan in the City of Manchester Stadium.[231][232] In his autobiography "David Beckham: My Side", Becks reveals some of his thoughts on tattoos: "The idea came to me much later, a little while after Brooklyn was born. I was talking to Mel B and her then-husband, Jimmy Gulzar, and the subject of tattoos came up. I ended up going to this Dutch guy who'd done all of Jimmy's. I'd finally realised what I wanted a tattoo to represent. Mine are all about the people in my life, my wife and sons, who I want with me always. When you see me, you see the tattoos. You see an expression of how I feel about Victoria and the boys. They're part of me."[232]
See also[link]
References[link]
Books[link]
- Beckham, David (2002). David Beckham: My Side. HarperCollinsWillow. ISBN 0-00-715732-0).
- Beckham, David; Freeman, Dean (2001). Beckham: My World. Hodder & Stoughton Ltd. ISBN 978-0-340-79270-4).
- Beckham, David; Watt, Tom (2003). Beckham: Both Feet on the Ground. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-057093-4).
- Crick, Michael (2003). The Boss – The Many Sides of Alex Ferguson. Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-7434-2991-7).
- Ferguson, Alex; McIlvanney, Hugh (1999). Managing My Life – My Autobiography. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-72855-0).
- Wahl, Grant (2009). The Beckham Experiment: How the World's Most Famous Athlete Tried to Conquer America. Crown. ISBN 978-0-307-40859-4).
Internet[link]
 |
This article uses bare URLs for citations. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation) (May 2012) |
- ^ "David Beckham". Soccerbase. http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=547. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "Beckham's pride at OBE". BBC Sport. 13 June 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/2988104.stm. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "David Beckham – Rise of a footballer". BBC. 19 August 2003. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A1138600. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ a b "Beckham reaches new caps landmark". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 28 March 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/7970172.stm. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Los Angeles Galaxy: Player bio". Los Angeles Galaxy. 9 September 2008. http://la.galaxy.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?player=beckham_d&playerId=bec369464&statType=current&team=t106. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "Beckham joins Real Madrid". BBC Sport. 18 September 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/2998868.stm. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "Beckham bows out with Liga title". BBC Sport. 17 June 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/6759697.stm. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ Bandini, Paolo (11 January 2007). "Beckham confirms LA Galaxy move". The Guardian (London). http://football.guardian.co.uk/continentalfootball/story/0,,1988215,00.html. Retrieved 10 May 2007.
- ^ a b c "MLS Cup – Landon Donovan's goal powers Galaxy to third MLS title – ESPN". Espn.go.com. 2011-11-21. http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/7263458/mls-cup-landon-donovan-goal-powers-galaxy-third-mls-title. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
- ^ "Beckham's England dream realised". BBC Sport. 10 November 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/1016201.stm. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "Beckham quits as England captain". BBC Sport. 2 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/teams/england/5138288.stm. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "Beckham achieves century landmark". BBC Sport. 26 March 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/7315475.stm. Retrieved 24 July 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f "David Beckham has no England future, says Fabio Capello". BBC Sport. 11 August 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8906692.stm. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
- ^ "Beckham is world's highest-paid player". ReDiff. 4 May 2004. http://in.rediff.com/sports/2004/may/04beck.htm. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "All Time Player Records". Premiersoccerstats.com. 2010-08-13. http://www.premiersoccerstats.com/Records.cfm?DOrderby=Ass&DYearby=All%20Seasons. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
- ^ a b Wallace, Sam (12 January 2007). "Beckham rejected Milan and Inter to take Galaxy millions". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/beckham-rejected-milan-and-inter-to-take-galaxy-millions-431736.html. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ http://www.mlsplayers.org/files/8_31_07_salary_info_alpha.pdf
- ^ http://www.mlsplayers.org/files/9_7_08_salary_info_alpha.pdf
- ^ http://www.mlsplayers.org/files/september_15_2009_salary_information__alphabetical.pdf
- ^ "Britain's rich list – David and Victoria Beckham". The Sunday Times (London: Times Newspapers). 26 April 2009. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/specials/rich_list/rich_list_2009/article6068955.ece. Retrieved 10 September 2009.
- ^ Culpepper, Chuck (9 July 2007). "BECKHAM – Working-class boy to Man U". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jul/09/sports/sp-beckham9. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "Blame yourself Posh, Beckham's mum yells". The Daily Mail (London). 28 September 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-484343/Will-Ted-Beckhams-heart-attack-end-bitter-rift-Becks.html. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "Will Ted Beckham's heart attack end his bitter rift with Becks?". Mail on Sunday. 12 October 2004. http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-321412/Blame-Posh-Beckhams-mum-yells.html. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ Arts Council England, School puts the arts at the heart of learning, 21 Oct 2008
- ^ "American Idols". W magazine. 1 August 2007. http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/2007/08/beckhams_steven_klein?currentPage=2. Retrieved 24 February 2009.
- ^ "Beckhams 'to send son to LA Jewish nursery'". Jewish Chronicle. 18 April 2008. Archived from the original on 24 April 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090424042819/http://www.thejc.com/articles/2008418468/beckhams-%E2%80%98-send-son-la-jewish-nursery. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
- ^ Fifield, Dominic (14 July 2007). "Beckham launches into the Galaxy". The Guardian (London). http://football.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/0,,2126173,00.html. Retrieved 14 July 2007.
- ^ Jewish funeral for Beckham's grandfather, By Jessica Elgot, 10 December 2009
- ^ Births England and Wales 1837–2006
- ^ Beckham, David; Watt, Tom (21 October 2004). Beckham: Both Feet on the Ground. ISBN 978-0-06-057094-1. http://books.google.com/?id=92wDxf13hoEC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=Both+Feet+on+the+Ground+church+beckham#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ The FA – Becks' Brimsdown boost, article from 24 September 2004 Retrieved 7 July 2007[dead link]
- ^ "Second leg" refers to the second of two matches that are played to decide the tie. The scores from the two matches are added together to determine the winner.
- ^ "Beckham's pride at OBE". BBC Sport. 13 June 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/2988104.stm. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
- ^ The most famous comment was Alan Hansen's "You can't win anything with kids", quoted in The Boss 405. Beckham scored United's goal (his first for them in the league) from a distance of around 30 metres.
- ^ "Euro 96 stars going strong". FA. 21 January 2005. Archived from the original on 26 March 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050326090133/http%3A//www.thefa.com/England/SeniorTeam/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2005/01/Euro96_Feature.htm. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
- ^ Sky Sports' commentator Martin Tyler's words "You'll see that over and over again" proved prophetic as the goal was voted Premier League Goal of the Decade in 2003.
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- ^ Eller, Claudia (19 July 2007). "Hollywood breathlessly awaits Beckhams". L. A. Times. http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-beckham19jul19,1,1699340.story?track=rss. Retrieved 4 May 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Pepsi and Beckham end endorsement relationship[dead link]
- ^ Bramwell, Tom (12 September 2002). "Go!Go! Beckham! Adventure On Soccer Island Review". Eurogamer. http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/r_gogobeckham_gba. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Varanini, Giancarlo (14 August 2002). "David Beckham Soccer Review". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/xbox/sports/davidbeckhamsoccer/review.html. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
- ^ "EA SPORTS Active signs David Beckham as brand ambassador". Inside World Soccer. 18 August 2010. http://www.insideworldsoccer.com/2010/08/ea-sports-active-signs-david-beckham-as.html. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
- ^ "Beckham flies to Afghanistan to boost British troops’ morale"
- ^ "Beckham visits British troops in Afghanistan"
- ^ "David Beckham hails 'amazing' troops on visit to Afghanistan"
- ^ "Beckham targetted by Taliban in Afghanistan?"
- ^ "Taliban targeted Beckham in Afghanistan! "
- ^ Radley, Scott (26 January 2007). "To Rebecca, with love". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/Sports/article/175193. Retrieved 2 February 2007.
- ^ "David Beckham: Fight Malaria by Donating a $10 Bed Net". Youtube. 25 April 2007. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Va-PGV9RM4c. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Video: Juan Pablo Angel, David Beckham to Assist MLS W.O.R.K.S.". paddocktalk.com. 18 August 2007. http://www.paddocktalk.com/news/html/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=63413&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0. Retrieved 21 August 2007.
- ^ Bend It Like Beckham at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "beckhamlookalike.com". Beckhamlookalike.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080302203244/http%3A//www.beckhamlookalike.com/clients.htm. Retrieved 13 November 2008.
- ^ Goal! 2: Living the Dream... at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "David Beckham". Imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0065743/. Retrieved 13 November 2008.
- ^ "David Beckham's Hollywood snub". askmen.com. 2 March 2007. http://www.askmen.com/gossip/david-beckham/david-beckham-hollywood-snub.html. Retrieved 15 August 2007.
- ^ "Beckham stands down". 2 July 2006 accessdate=14 July 2007. http://www.thefa.com/WorldCup2006/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2006/06/BeckhamStandsDown.htm. [dead link]
- ^ "England 1–0 Ecuador", BBC Sport, 25 June 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2006.
- ^ a b c Todd, Ben (12 January 2010). "Cross and Becks: David gets a Jesus tattoo to add to his multi-faith collection". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1242247/Cross-Becks-David-gets-Jesus-tattoo.html.
- ^ a b "David Beckham's neck tattoo". http://www.davidbeckhamnet.com/2007/08/neck-tattoo.html.
Further reading[link]
- Wahl, Grant (31 October 2011). "Beckham's Last Stand: In the fifth and final year of his MLS contract, he's back at the top of his game at last. Now, as the 2011 playoffs begin, he and the Galaxy look to stamp his American experiment a success by winning a championship". Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1191594/index.htm. Retrieved 2011-10-28. "'In [Major League Soccer] his ability to hold the ball in that position and pass makes him unique,' says [coach Bruce] Arena. 'He's right in the middle of things. In every game, he touches the ball the most of any player.'"
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: David Beckham |
- Official website
- David Beckham – FIFA competition record
- David Beckham at National-Football-Teams.com
- The David Beckham Academy
- Profile at mlssoccer.com
- Profile at ManUtd.com
| Sporting positions | ||
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| Preceded by Alan Shearer |
England national football team captain November 2000–2006 |
Succeeded by John Terry |
| Preceded by Landon Donovan |
Los Angeles Galaxy captain 2007–2008 |
Succeeded by Landon Donovan |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Beckham, David |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Professional football player |
| Date of birth | (1975-05-02) 2 May 1975 (age 37) |
| Place of birth | Leytonstone, London |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/David_Beckham
Related pages:
http://cs.wn.com/David Beckham
http://id.wn.com/David Beckham
http://es.wn.com/David Beckham
http://ru.wn.com/Бекхэм, Дэвид
http://it.wn.com/David Beckham
http://pl.wn.com/David Beckham
http://fr.wn.com/David Beckham
http://de.wn.com/David Beckham
http://hi.wn.com/डेविड बेखम
http://pt.wn.com/David Beckham
http://nl.wn.com/David Beckham
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beckham
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| John Cleese | |
|---|---|
 Cleese in 2008 |
|
| Born | John Marwood Cleese (1939-10-27) 27 October 1939 (age 72) Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, England, UK |
| Residence | Los Angeles, California |
| Nationality | British |
| Alma mater | Downing College, Cambridge, Clifton College |
| Occupation | Actor, comedian |
| Years active | 1961–present |
| Influenced by | Spike Milligan, the Goons, Dick Emery, William Shakespeare |
| Home town | London, England |
| Height | 6'5" (1.96 m) |
| Political party | Liberal Democrat |
| Spouse |
Connie Booth (m. 1968–1978) «start: (1968-02-20)–end+1: (1978-09)»"Marriage: Connie Booth to John Cleese" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/John_Cleese) (divorced) |
| Partner | Barbie Orr (2008–2009) Jennifer Wade (2010–present) |
| Children | Cynthia Cleese (b. 1971) with Connie Booth Camilla Cleese (b. 1984) with Barbara Trentham |
| Website | |
| TheJohnCleese.com | |
John Marwood Cleese (/ˈkliːz/; born 27 October 1939) is an English actor, comedian, writer and film producer. He achieved success at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and as a scriptwriter and performer on The Frost Report. In the late 1960s he became a member of Monty Python, the comedy troupe responsible for the sketch show Monty Python's Flying Circus and the four Monty Python films: And Now for Something Completely Different, The Holy Grail, Life of Brian and The Meaning of Life.
In the mid 1970s, Cleese and his first wife, Connie Booth, co-wrote and starred in the British sitcom Fawlty Towers. Later, he co-starred with Kevin Kline, Jamie Lee Curtis and former Python colleague Michael Palin in A Fish Called Wanda and Fierce Creatures. He also starred in Clockwise, and has appeared in many other films, including two James Bond films as R/Q, two Harry Potter films and three Shrek films.
With Yes Minister writer Antony Jay he co-founded Video Arts, a production company making entertaining training films.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Cleese was born in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, the only child of Muriel Evelyn (née Cross) (b.1899), and Reginald Francis Cleese (b. 1893), who worked in insurance sales.[1] His family's surname was previously "Cheese", but his father changed it to "Cleese" in 1915 upon joining the Army.
Cleese was educated at St Peter's Preparatory School, where he was a star pupil, receiving a prize for English studies and doing well at sports, including cricket and boxing. At 13 he received an exhibition to Clifton College, an English public school in Bristol. He was tall as a child and was well over 6 ft when he arrived there. While at the school he is said to have defaced the school grounds for a prank by painting footprints to suggest that the school's statue of Field Marshal Earl Haig had got down from his plinth and gone to the toilet.[2] Cleese played cricket for the first team, and after initial indifference he did well academically, passing 8 O-Levels and 3 A-Levels in mathematics, physics and chemistry.[3][4]
After leaving school, he went back to his prep school to teach science, English, geography, history and Latin[5] (he drew on his Latin teaching experience later for a scene in Life of Brian in which he corrects Brian's badly written Latin graffiti[6]) before taking up a place he had won at Downing College, Cambridge, where he studied Law and joined the Cambridge Footlights. There he met his future writing partner Graham Chapman. Cleese wrote extra material for the 1961 Footlights Revue I Thought I Saw It Move,[7][8] and was Registrar for the Footlights Club during 1962, as well as being one of the cast members for the 1962 Footlights Revue Double Take![7][8] He graduated from Cambridge in 1963 with a 2:1. Despite his successes on The Frost Report, his father would send him cuttings from the Daily Telegraph offering management jobs in places like Marks and Spencer.[9]
Career[link]
Pre-Python[link]
Cleese was one of the script writers, as well as being a member of the cast, for the 1963 Footlights Revue A Clump of Plinths,[7][8] which was so successful during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe that it was renamed Cambridge Circus and taken to the West End in London and then on a tour of New Zealand and Broadway, with the cast also appearing in some of the revue's sketches on The Ed Sullivan Show in September 1964.[8]
After Cambridge Circus, Cleese briefly stayed in America, performing on and Off-Broadway. While performing in the musical Half a Sixpence,[8] Cleese met future Python Terry Gilliam, as well as American actress Connie Booth, whom he married on 20 February 1968.[8]
He was soon offered work as a writer with BBC Radio, where he worked on several programmes, most notably as a sketch writer for The Dick Emery Show. The success of the Footlights Revue led to the recording of a short series of half-hour radio programmes, called I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again, that were so popular that the BBC commissioned a regular series with the same title that ran from 1965 to 1974. Cleese returned to Britain and joined the cast.[8] In many episodes, he is credited as "John Otto Cleese".
Also in 1965, Cleese and Chapman began writing on The Frost Report. The writing staff chosen for The Frost Report consisted of a number of writers and performers who would go on to make names for themselves in comedy. They included co-performers from I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again and future Goodies Bill Oddie and Tim Brooke-Taylor, and also Frank Muir, Barry Cryer, Marty Feldman, Ronnie Barker, Ronnie Corbett, Dick Vosburgh and future Python members Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Michael Palin. It was while working on The Frost Report, in fact, that the future Pythons developed the writing styles that would make their collaboration significant. Cleese and Chapman's sketches often involved authority figures, some of which were performed by Cleese, while Jones and Palin were both infatuated with filmed scenes that open with idyllic countryside panoramas. Idle was one of those charged with writing David Frost's monologue. It was during this period that Cleese met and befriended influential British comedian Peter Cook.
It was as an actual performer on the Frost Report that Cleese achieved his breakthrough on British television as a comedy actor, appearing as the tall, patrician figure on the classic class sketch, contrasting comically in a line-up with the shorter, middle class Ronnie Barker and the even-shorter, working class Ronnie Corbett. Such was the popularity of the series that in 1966 Cleese and Chapman were invited to work as writers and performers with Brooke-Taylor and Feldman on At Last the 1948 Show,[8] during which time the Four Yorkshiremen sketch was written by all four writers/performers (the Four Yorkshiremen sketch is now better known as a Monty Python sketch).[10] Cleese and Chapman also wrote episodes for the first series of Doctor in the House (and later Cleese wrote six episodes of Doctor at Large on his own in 1971). These series were successful, and in 1969 Cleese and Chapman were offered their very own series. However, owing to Chapman's alcoholism, Cleese found himself bearing an increasing workload in the partnership and was therefore unenthusiastic about doing a series with just the two of them. He had found working with Palin on The Frost Report an enjoyable experience and invited him to join the series. Palin had previously been working on Do Not Adjust Your Set with Idle and Jones, with Terry Gilliam creating the animations. The four of them had, on the back of the success of Do Not Adjust Your Set, been offered a series for Thames Television, which they were waiting to begin when Cleese's offer arrived. Palin agreed to work with Cleese and Chapman in the meantime, bringing with him Gilliam, Jones, and Idle.
Monty Python[link]
Monty Python's Flying Circus ran for four seasons from October 1969 to December 1974 on BBC Television, though with only limited participation of Cleese in the last six shows. Cleese's two primary characterisations were as a sophisticate and a stressed-out loony. He portrayed the former as a series of announcers, TV show hosts, and government officials (for example, "The Ministry of Silly Walks"). The latter is perhaps best represented in the "Cheese Shop" and by Cleese's Mr Praline character, the man with a dead Norwegian Blue parrot and a menagerie of other animals all named "Eric". He was also known for his working class "Sergeant Major" character, who worked as a Police Sergeant, Roman Centurion, etc. He is also seen as the opening announcer with the now famous line "And now for something completely different", although in its premiere in the sketch "Man with Three Buttocks", the phrase was spoken by Eric Idle.
Partnership with Graham Chapman[link]
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listen to a clip from the sketch.
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Along with Gilliam's animations, Cleese's work with Graham Chapman provided Python with its darkest and angriest moments, and many of his characters display the seething suppressed rage that later characterised his portrayal of Basil Fawlty.
Unlike Palin and Jones, Cleese and Chapman actually wrote together—in the same room; Cleese claims that their writing partnership involved his sitting with pen and paper, doing most of the work, while Chapman sat back, not speaking for long periods, then suddenly coming out with an idea that often elevated the sketch to a different level. A classic example of this is the "Dead Parrot" sketch, envisaged by Cleese as a satire on poor customer service, which was originally to have involved a broken toaster and later a broken car (this version was actually performed and broadcast on the pre-Python special How To Irritate People). It was Chapman's suggestion to change the faulty item into a dead parrot, and he also suggested that the parrot be specifically a Norwegian Blue, giving the sketch a surreal air which made it far more memorable.
Their humour often involved ordinary people in ordinary situations behaving absurdly for no obvious reason. Like Chapman, Cleese's poker face, clipped middle class accent, and imposing height allowed him to appear convincingly as a variety of authority figures, such as policemen, detectives, Nazi officers or government officials—which he would then proceed to undermine. Most famously, in the "Ministry of Silly Walks" sketch (actually written by Palin and Jones), Cleese exploits his stature as the crane-legged civil servant performing a grotesquely elaborate walk to his office.
Chapman and Cleese also specialised in sketches where two characters would conduct highly articulate arguments over completely arbitrary subjects, such as in the "cheese shop", the "dead parrot" sketch and "The Argument Sketch", where Cleese plays a stone-faced bureaucrat employed to sit behind a desk and engage people in pointless, trivial bickering. All of these roles were opposite Palin (who Cleese often claims is his favourite Python to work with)—the comic contrast between the towering Cleese's crazed aggression and the shorter Palin's shuffling inoffensiveness is a common feature in the series. Occasionally, the typical Cleese-Palin dynamic is reversed, as in "Fish Licence", wherein Palin plays the bureaucrat with whom Cleese is trying to work.
Though the programme lasted four series, by the start of series 3, Cleese was growing tired of dealing with Chapman's alcoholism. He felt, too, that the show's scripts had declined in quality. For these reasons, he became restless and decided to move on. Though he stayed for the third series, he officially left the group before the fourth season. Despite this, he remained friendly with the group, and all six began writing Monty Python and the Holy Grail; Cleese received a credit on episodes of the fourth series which used material from these sessions, and even makes a brief appearance in one episode as the voice of a cartoon in the "Hamlet" episode, though he was officially unconnected with the fourth series. Cleese returned to the troupe to co-write and co-star in the Monty Python films Monty Python and the Holy Grail, Monty Python's Life of Brian and Monty Python's The Meaning of Life, and participated in various live performances over the years.
Post-Python[link]
From 1970 to 1973, Cleese served as rector of the University of St Andrews.[11] His election proved a milestone for the university, revolutionising and modernising the post. For instance, the rector was traditionally entitled to appoint an "Assessor", a deputy to sit in his place at important meetings in his absence. Cleese changed this into a position for a student, elected across campus by the student body, resulting in direct access and representation for the student body.[12]
Around this time, Cleese worked with comedian Les Dawson on his sketch/stand-up show Sez Les. The differences between the two physically (the tall, lean Cleese and the short, stout Dawson) and socially (the public school, and then Cambridge-educated Cleese and the working class, self-educated Mancunian Dawson) were marked, but both worked well together from series 8 onwards until the series ended in 1976.[13][14]
Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers, which he co-wrote with his wife Connie Booth. The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000, it topped the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. The series also featured Prunella Scales as Basil's acerbic wife Sybil, Andrew Sachs as the much abused Spanish waiter Manuel ("...he's from Barcelona"), and Booth as waitress Polly, the series' voice of sanity. Cleese based Basil Fawlty on a real person, Donald Sinclair, whom he had encountered in 1970 while the Monty Python team were staying at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay while filming inserts for their television series. Reportedly, Cleese was inspired by Sinclair's mantra, "I could run this hotel just fine, if it weren't for the guests." He later described Sinclair as "the most wonderfully rude man I have ever met," although Sinclair's widow has said her husband was totally misrepresented in the series. During the Pythons' stay, Sinclair allegedly threw Idle's briefcase out of the hotel "in case it contained a bomb," complained about Gilliam's "American" table manners, and threw a bus timetable at another guest after they dared to ask the time of the next bus to town.
The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2, initially to poor reviews,[15] but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year. Despite this, a second series did not air until 1979, by which time Cleese's marriage to Booth had ended, but they revived their collaboration for the second series. Fawlty Towers consisted of only twelve episodes; Cleese and Booth both maintain that this was to avoid compromising the quality of the series.
Muppet Show[link]
File:Tv muppet show john cleese.jpg
Cleese as a Mexican maraca soloist as part of his 1977 guest appearance on The Muppet Show
In December 1977, Cleese appeared as a guest star on The Muppet Show. Cleese was a fan of the show, and co-wrote much of the episode. He appears in a "Pigs in Space" segment as a pirate trying to hijack the spaceship Swinetrek, and also helps Gonzo restore his arms to "normal" size after Gonzo's cannonball catching act goes wrong. During the show's closing number, Cleese refuses to sing the famous show tune from Man of La Mancha, "The Impossible Dream". Kermit the Frog apologises and the curtain re-opens with Cleese now costumed as a Viking trying some Wagnerian opera as part of a duet with Sweetums. Once again, Cleese protests to Kermit, and gives the frog one more chance. This time, he is costumed as a Mexican maraca soloist. He has finally had enough and protests that he is leaving the show, saying "You were supposed to be my host. How can you do this to me? Kermit – I am your guest!". The cast joins in with their parody of "The Impossible Dream", singing "This is your guest, to follow that star...". During the crowd's applause that follows the song, he pretends to strangle Kermit until he realises the crowd loves him and accepts the accolades. During the show's finale, as Kermit thanks him, he shows up with a fictional album, his own new vocal record John Cleese: A Man & His Music, and encourages everyone to buy a copy.[16]
This would not be Cleese's final appearance with the Muppets. In their 1981 film The Great Muppet Caper, Cleese does a cameo appearance as Neville, a local homeowner. As part of the appearance, Miss Piggy borrows his house as a way to impress Kermit the Frog.
Awards[link]
Cleese won the TV Times award for Funniest Man On TV – 1978-79.[17]
1980s and 1990s[link]
During the 1980s and 1990s, Cleese focused on film, though he did work with Peter Cook in his one-off TV special Peter Cook and Co. in 1980. In the same year Cleese played Petruchio, in Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew in the BBC Television Shakespeare series. In 1981 he starred with Sean Connery and Michael Palin in the Terry Gilliam-directed Time Bandits as Robin Hood. He also participated in Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1982), and starred in The Secret Policeman's Ball for Amnesty International. In 1985, Cleese had a small dramatic role as a sheriff in Silverado, which had an all-star cast that included Kevin Kline, with whom he would star with in A Fish Called Wanda three years later. In 1986, he starred in Clockwise as an uptight school headmaster obsessed with punctuality and constantly getting in to trouble during a journey to a headmasters' conference.
Timed with the 1987 UK elections, he appeared in a video promoting proportional representation.[18]
In 1988, he wrote and starred in A Fish Called Wanda, as the lead, Archie Leach, along with Jamie Lee Curtis, Kevin Kline and Michael Palin. Wanda was a commercial and critical success, and Cleese was nominated for an Academy Award for his script. Cynthia Cleese starred as Leach's daughter.
Graham Chapman was diagnosed with throat cancer in 1989; Cleese, Michael Palin, Peter Cook and Chapman's partner David Sherlock, witnessed Chapman's death. Chapman's death occurred a day before the 20th anniversary of the first broadcast of Flying Circus, with Jones commenting, "the worst case of party-pooping in all history." Cleese's eulogy at Chapman's memorial service—in which he "became the first person ever at a British memorial service to say 'fuck'"—has since become legendary.[19]
Cleese would later play a supporting role in Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein alongside Branagh himself and Robert De Niro. He also produced and acted in a number of successful business training films, including Meetings, Bloody Meetings and More Bloody Meetings. These were produced by his company Video Arts.
With Robin Skynner, the group analyst and family therapist, Cleese wrote two books on relationships: Families and How to Survive Them, and Life and How to Survive It. The books are presented as a dialogue between Skynner and Cleese.
In 1996, Cleese declined the British honour of Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). The follow-up to A Fish Called Wanda, Fierce Creatures—which again starred Cleese alongside Kevin Kline, Jamie Lee Curtis and Michael Palin—was also released that year, but was greeted with mixed reception by critics and audiences. Cleese has since often stated that making the second film had been a mistake. When asked by his friend, director and restaurant critic Michael Winner, what he would do differently if he could live his life again, Cleese responded, "I wouldn’t have married Alyce Faye Eichelberger and I wouldn’t have made Fierce Creatures."[20]
In 1999, Cleese appeared in the James Bond film, The World Is Not Enough as Q's assistant, referred to by Bond as "R". In 2002, when Cleese reprised his role in Die Another Day, the character was promoted, making Cleese the new quartermaster (Q) of MI6. In 2004, Cleese was featured as Q in the video game James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing, featuring his likeness and voice. Cleese did not appear in the subsequent Bond films, Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace.
2000 to present[link]
Cleese is Provost's Visiting Professor at Cornell University, after having been Andrew D. White Professor-at-Large from 1999–2006. He makes occasional, well-received appearances on the Cornell campus. He sold his home in the town of Montecito, California in 2008[21][22] and planned on moving to Bath in the UK where he has a home on the Royal Crescent. In 2011 Cleese was quoted as saying that for tax purposes he might have to live in Switzerland or Monaco.[23][24][25]
In 2001, Cleese was cast in the comedy Rat Race as the eccentric hotel owner Donald P. Sinclair, the name of the Torquay hotel owner on who he had based the character of Basil Fawlty.[26] In 2002, Cleese made a cameo appearance in the film The Adventures of Pluto Nash in which he played "James", a computerised chauffeur of a hover car stolen by the title character (played by Eddie Murphy). The vehicle is subsequently destroyed in a chase, leaving the chauffeur stranded in a remote place on the moon. In 2003, Cleese appeared as Lyle Finster on the US sitcom Will & Grace. His character's daughter, Lorraine, was played by Minnie Driver. In the series, Lyle Finster briefly marries Karen Walker (Megan Mullally). In 2004, Cleese was credited as co-writer of a DC Comics graphic novel titled Superman: True Brit.[27] Part of DC's "Elseworlds" line of imaginary stories, True Brit, mostly written by Kim Howard Johnson, suggests what might have happened had Superman's rocket ship landed in Britain, not America.
From 10 November to 9 December 2005, Cleese toured New Zealand with his stage show, John Cleese—His Life, Times and Current Medical Problems. Cleese described it as "a one-man show with several people in it, which pushes the envelope of acceptable behaviour in new and disgusting ways." The show was developed in New York with William Goldman and includes Cleese's daughter Camilla as a writer and actor (the shows were directed by Australian Bille Brown). His assistant of many years, Garry Scott-Irvine, also appeared, and was listed as a co-producer. It then played in universities in California and Arizona from 10 January to 25 March 2006 under the title "Seven Ways to Skin an Ocelot".[28] His voice can be downloaded for directional guidance purposes as a downloadable option on some personal GPS-navigation device models by company TomTom.
In a 2005 poll of comedians and comedy insiders, The Comedians' Comedian, Cleese was voted second only to Peter Cook. Also in 2005, a long-standing piece of Internet humour, "The Revocation of Independence of the United States", was wrongly attributed to Cleese. In 2006, Cleese hosted a television special of football’s greatest kicks, goals, saves, bloopers, plays and penalties, as well as football’s influence on culture (including the famous Monty Python sketch “Philosophy Football”), featuring interviews with pop culture icons Dave Stewart, Dennis Hopper and Henry Kissinger, as well as football greats including Pelé, Mia Hamm and Thierry Henry. The Art of Soccer with John Cleese[29] was released in North America on DVD in January 2009 by BFS Entertainment & Multimedia.
Cleese lent his voice to the BioWare video game Jade Empire. His role was that of an "outlander" named Sir Roderick Ponce von Fontlebottom the Magnificent Bastard, stranded in the Imperial City of the Jade Empire. His character is essentially a British colonialist stereotype who refers to the people of the Jade Empire as "savages in need of enlightenment". His armour has the design of a fork stuck in a piece of cheese. He also had a cameo appearance in the computer game Starship Titanic as "The Bomb" (credited as "Kim Bread"), designed by Douglas Adams.[30]
In 2007, Cleese appeared in ads for Titleist as a golf course designer named "Ian MacCallister", who represents "Golf Designers Against Distance". Also in 2007, he started filming the sequel to The Pink Panther, titled The Pink Panther 2, with Steve Martin and Aishwarya Rai. On 27 September 2007, The Podcast Network announced it had signed a deal with Cleese to produce a series of video podcasts called HEADCAST to be published on TPN's website. Cleese released the first episode of this series in April 2008 on his own website, headcast.co.uk.
Cleese collaborated with Los Angeles Guitar Quartet member William Kanengiser in 2008, on the text to the performance piece "The Ingenious Gentleman of La Mancha". Cleese, as narrator, and the LAGQ premiered the work in Santa Barbara. 2008 also saw reports of Cleese working on a musical version of A Fish Called Wanda with his daughter Camilla. He also said that he is working on a new film screenplay for the first time since 1996's Fierce Creatures. Cleese collaborates on it with writer Lisa Hogan, under the current working title "A Taxing Time". According to him, it is "about the lengths to which people will go to avoid tax. [...] It's based on what happened to me when I cashed in my UK pension and moved to Santa Barbara."[31]
At the end of March 2009, Cleese published his first article as 'Contributing Editor' to The Spectator: "The real reason I had to join The Spectator".[32] Cleese has also hosted comedy galas at the Montreal Just for Laughs comedy festival in 2006, and again in 2009. He had to cancel the 2009 appearance due to prostatitis, but hosted it a few days later.[33] Towards the end of 2009 and into 2010, Cleese appeared in a series of television adverts for the Norwegian electric goods shop chain, Elkjøp.[34] In March 2010 it was announced that Cleese would be playing Jasper in the video game "Fable III".[35]
In 2009 and 2010, Cleese toured Scandinavia and the US with his Alimony Tour Year One and Year Two. In May 2010, it was announced that this tour would extend to the UK (his first tour in UK), set for May 2011 – The show is dubbed the "Alimony Tour" in reference to the financial implications of Cleese's divorce. The UK tour started in Cambridge on 3 May, visiting Birmingham, Salford, Liverpool, Oxford, Leeds, Edinburgh and finishing in Palmerston North, New Zealand.[36]
In October 2010, Cleese was featured in the launch of an advertising campaign by The Automobile Association for a new home emergency response product.[37] He appeared as a man who believed the AA could not help him during a series of disasters, including water pouring through his ceiling, with the line "The AA? For faulty showers?" During 2010, Cleese appeared in a series of radio advertisements for the Canadian insurance company Pacific Blue Cross, in which he plays a character called "Dr. Nigel Bilkington, Chief of Medicine for American General Hospital".[38][39]
In 2012, Cleese was cast in Hunting Elephants, an upcoming heist comedy by Israeli filmmaker Reshef Levi.[40][41]
Admiration for black humour[link]
In his Alimony Tour Cleese explained the origin of his fondness for black humour, the only thing that he inherited from his mother. Examples of it are the Dead Parrot sketch, his clip for the 1992 BBC2 mockumentary "A Question of Taste", the Undertakers sketch, the Vomit episode in The Meaning of Life and his eulogy at Graham Chapman's memorial service.
Personal life[link]
1960s to 1980s[link]
Cleese met Connie Booth in the US during the late 1960s and the couple married in 1968.[15] In 1971, Booth gave birth to Cynthia Cleese, their only child. With Booth, Cleese wrote the scripts for and co-starred in both series of the TV series Fawlty Towers, even though the two were actually divorced before the second series was finished and aired. Cleese and Booth are said to have remained close friends since.[42]
Cleese married American actress Barbara Trentham in 1981.[43] Their daughter Camilla, Cleese's second child, was born in 1984. He and Trentham divorced in 1990. During this time, Cleese moved from the United Kingdom to Los Angeles.[44]
1990s on[link]
On 28 December 1992 he married American psychotherapist Alyce Faye Eichelberger. In January 2008 the couple announced they had split. The divorce was settled in December 2008. The divorce settlement left Eichelberger with £12 million in finance and assets, including £600,000 a year for seven years. Cleese stated that "What I find so unfair is that if we both died today, her children would get much more than mine".[45]
In April 2010, Cleese revealed on The Graham Norton Show on BBC One that he had started a new relationship with a woman 31 years his junior, Jennifer Wade.[46][47][48]
Cleese has a passion for lemurs.[49][50] Following the 1997 comedy film Fierce Creatures, in which the ring-tailed lemur played a key role, he hosted the 1998 BBC documentary In the Wild: Operation Lemur with John Cleese, which tracked the progress of a reintroduction of Black-and-white Ruffed Lemurs back into the Betampona Reserve in Madagascar. The project had been partly funded by Cleese's donation of the proceeds from the London premier of Fierce Creatures.[50][51] Cleese is quoted as saying, "I adore lemurs. They're extremely gentle, well-mannered, pretty and yet great fun... I should have married one."[49]
Political views[link]
Currently a member of the Liberal Democrats after previously being a Labour party voter, Cleese switched to the SDP after their formation in 1981, and during the 1987 general election, Cleese recorded a nine minute party political broadcast for the SDP-Liberal Alliance, which spoke about the similarities and failures of the other two parties in a more humorous tone than standard political broadcasts. Cleese has since appeared in broadcasts for the Liberal Democrats, in the 1997 general election and narrating a radio election broadcast for the party during the 2001 general election.[52] In April 2010, Cleese tweeted his support for the Lib Dems after Nick Clegg performed strongly in the first leaders' debate on ITV1, stating: "Well, well, well. First leaders debate, and LibDems do so well. Good luck to them."[53]
In 2011, Cleese declared his admiration for Britain's coalition government between the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, saying: "I think what’s happening at the moment is rather interesting. The Coalition has made everything a little more courteous and a little more flexible. I think it was quite good that the Liberal Democrats had to compromise a bit with the Tories." He also criticised the previous Labour government, commenting: "Although my inclinations are slightly left-of-centre, I was terribly disappointed with the last Labour government. Gordon Brown lacked emotional intelligence and was never a leader." Cleese also declared his support for proportional representation.[54]
In April 2011, Cleese revealed that he had declined a life peerage for political services in 1999. Outgoing leader of the Liberal Democrats, Paddy Ashdown, had put forward the suggestion shortly before he stepped down, with the idea that Cleese would take the party whip and sit as a working peer, but the actor quipped that he "realised this involved being in England in the winter and I thought that was too much of a price to pay."[55]
Cleese expressed support for Barack Obama's presidential candidacy, donating US$2,300 to his campaign and offering his services as a speech writer.[56] He also criticised Republican Vice-Presidential candidate Sarah Palin—saying that "Michael Palin is no longer the funniest Palin"[57]— and wrote a satirical poem about Fox News commentator Sean Hannity for Countdown with Keith Olbermann.[58]
Radio credits[link]
Television credits[link]
Major roles[link]
- The Frost Report (1966)
- Frost on Sunday
- At Last the 1948 Show
- How to Irritate People (1968) with Michael Palin, Graham Chapman, Connie Booth and Tim Brooke-Taylor
- Monty Python's Flying Circus (1969–74)
- Sez Les (1971, 1974)
- Fawlty Towers (1975, 1979)
- Cheers (episode "Simon Says") (1987), he won an Emmy Award for best actor in a guest starring role
- The Taming of the Shrew (1980) as Petruchio
- True Stories: Peace in our Time? as Neville Chamberlain
As host[link]
- The Human Face
- Wine for the Confused
- We Are Most Amused: Master of Ceremonies for a stand-up comedy show celebrating Prince Charles's 60th birthday.
Guest appearances[link]
- The Avengers (1968), guest appearance as Marcus Rugman (egg clown-face collector) in the episode Look (Stop Me if You've Heard this One)...
- The Goodies (1973), guest cameo appearance as a Genie in the episode The Goodies and the Beanstalk
- Ripping Yarns (1979), guest cameo appearance as "Passer-by" in the episode Golden Gordon[59]
- Doctor Who (1979), guest cameo appearance as an Art Lover in the episode City of Death as a favour to writer/script editor Douglas Adams
- The Muppet Show (1977)
- Cheers (Season 5, Episode 21, Simon Says) as Dr. Simon Finch-Royce, an acquaintance of Kelsey Grammer's character Frasier Crane and fellow psychiatrist, who offers pre-marriage advice to Sam and Diane, much to his later chagrin.
- Last of the Summer Wine (1993), guest cameo appearance in the episode Welcome to Earth.
- 25 Years of Last of the Summer Wine (1997).
- 3rd Rock from the Sun (1998–2001) as recurring character Dr. Liam Neesam.
- Casper & Mandrilaftalen (1999) both as the repairman of the purple Gunrack, and as the Danish soccer coach Bosse Bo Johansson.
- Wednesday 9:30 (8:30 Central) (2002) as Red
- Will & Grace (2003–2004) as recurring character Lyle Finster.
- Numerous commercials, including for supermarket chain Sainsbury's, snack firm Planters and a British government Stop Smoking campaign.
- Party political broadcasts for the Liberal Democrats and predecessor, the SDP-Liberal Alliance.
- In November 2009 commercials, in which he appears for Swedish electrical appliance chain "Elgiganten", began broadcasting in Sweden, as well as broadcasting in Denmark in late 2010.
- Song "Don't Mention The World Cup" animated video played on ITV, BBC and Channel 4 News, June 2006.
- Batteries Not Included—gadget show on UKTV channel Dave (2008).
- Entourage as himself, season 7 finale (2010).
- Ronnie Corbett's Comedy Britain as Himself.
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 | Interlude | TV Publicist | |
| 1969 | Magic Christian, TheThe Magic Christian | Mr. Dougdale (director in Sotheby's) | |
| 1969 | Best House in London, TheThe Best House in London | Jones | Uncredited |
| 1970 | Rise and Rise of Michael Rimmer, TheThe Rise and Rise of Michael Rimmer | Pummer | Writer |
| 1971 | And Now for Something Completely Different | Various Roles | Writer |
| 1971 | The Statue | Harry | |
| 1973 | Elementary, My Dear Watson | Sherlock Holmes | |
| 1974 | Romance with a Double Bass | Musician Smychkov | Writer |
| 1975 | Monty Python and the Holy Grail | Various Roles | Writer |
| 1976 | Meetings, Bloody Meetings | Tim | Writer/Executive Producer Documentary Short |
| 1977 | Strange Case of the End of Civilization as We Know It, TheThe Strange Case of the End of Civilization as We Know It | Sherlock Holmes | |
| 1979 | Monty Python's Life of Brian | Various Roles | Writer |
| 1980 | Secret Policeman's Ball, TheThe Secret Policeman's Ball | Himself-Various Roles | |
| 1981 | Great Muppet Caper, TheThe Great Muppet Caper | Neville | |
| 1981 | Time Bandits | Gormless Robin Hood | |
| 1982 | Privates on Parade | Major Giles Flack | |
| 1983 | Yellowbeard | Blind Pew | |
| 1983 | Monty Python's The Meaning of Life | Various Roles | Writer |
| 1985 | Silverado | Langston | |
| 1986 | Clockwise | Mr. Stimpson | Evening Standard British Film Awards Peter Sellers Award for Comedy |
| 1988 | Fish Called Wanda, AA Fish Called Wanda | Lawyer Archie Leach | Writer/Executive Producer BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role Nominated—Academy Award For Best Original Screenplay Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |
| 1989 | Erik the Viking | Halfdan the Black and Svend Berserk | |
| 1989 | The Big Picture | Bartender | |
| 1990 | Bullseye! | Man on the Beach in Barbados Who Looks Like John Cleese |
|
| 1991 | An American Tail: Fievel Goes West | Cat R. Waul | Voice Only |
| 1992 | Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are? | Narrator | |
| 1993 | Splitting Heirs | Raoul P. Shadgrind | |
| 1994 | Mary Shelley's Frankenstein | Professor Waldman | |
| 1994 | Jungle Book, TheDisney's Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book | Dr. Julius Plumford | |
| 1994 | Swan Princess, TheThe Swan Princess | Jean-Bob | |
| 1996 | Wind in the Willows, TheThe Wind in the Willows | Mr. Toad's Lawyer | |
| 1996 | Fierce Creatures | Rollo Lee | Writer/Producer |
| 1997 | George of the Jungle | An Ape Named 'Ape' | Voice Only |
| 1998 | In the Wild: Operation Lemur with John Cleese | Host | Narrator |
| 1999 | Out-of-Towners, TheThe Out-of-Towners | Mr. Mersault | |
| 1999 | World Is Not Enough, TheThe World Is Not Enough | R | |
| 2000 | Isn't She Great | Henry Marcus | |
| 2000 | Magic Pudding, TheThe Magic Pudding | Albert, The Magic Pudding | Voice Only |
| 2001 | Quantum Project | Alexander Pentcho | |
| 2001 | Here's Looking at You: The Evolution of the Human Face | Narrator | |
| 2001 | Rat Race | Donald P. Sinclair | |
| 2001 | Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone | "Nearly Headless Nick" | |
| 2002 | Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets | "Nearly Headless Nick" | Nominated—Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Ensemble Acting |
| 2002 | Roberto Benigni's Pinocchio | The Talking Crickett | Voice Only: English Version |
| 2002 | Die Another Day | Q | Second appearance in a James Bond film, replaces Desmond Llewelyn as Q in the series |
| 2002 | Adventures of Pluto Nash, TheThe Adventures of Pluto Nash | James | |
| 2003 | Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle | Mr. Munday | |
| 2003 | Scorched | Charles Merchant | |
| 2003 | George of the Jungle 2 | An Ape Named 'Ape' | Voice Only |
| 2004 | Shrek 2 | King Harold | Voice Only |
| 2004 | Around the World in 80 Days | Grizzled Sergeant | |
| 2005 | Valiant | Mercury | Voice Only |
| 2006 | Charlotte's Web | Samuel the Sheep | Voice Only |
| 2006 | Man About Town | Dr. Primkin | |
| 2007 | Shrek the Third | King Harold | Voice Only |
| 2008 | Igor | Dr. Glickenstein | Voice Only |
| 2008 | Day the Earth Stood Still, TheThe Day the Earth Stood Still | Dr. Barnhardt | |
| 2009 | Pink Panther 2, TheThe Pink Panther 2 | Chief-Inspector Charles Dreyfus | |
| 2009 | Planet 51 | Professor Kipple | Voice Only |
| 2010 | Spud | The Guv | Awaiting international release |
| 2010 | Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole | Ghost | Voice Only |
| 2010 | Shrek Forever After | King Harold | Voice Only |
| 2011 | Winnie the Pooh | Narrator | Voice Only |
| 2011 | The Big Year | Historical Montage Narrator | Voice only |
Video game credits[link]
- Monty Python's Complete Waste of Time (1994) 7th Level
- Monty Python & the Quest for the Holy Grail (1996) 7th Level
- Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (1997) Panasonic
- Starship Titanic (1998) Simon & Schuster Interactive (voice of the Bomb) — (Credited as Kim Bread)
- 007 Racing (2000) Electronic Arts
- The World Is Not Enough (2000) Electronic Arts
- James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing (2004) Electronic Arts
- Trivial Pursuit: Unhinged (2004) Atari
- Jade Empire (2005) BioWare (as Sir Roderick Ponce von Fontlebottom the Magnificent Bastard)
- Shrek the Third (2007) King Harold, Narrator
- Fable III (2010) Jasper
Awards[link]
- Academy Awards
- (1988) Nominated—Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay / A Fish Called Wanda (shared with Charles Crichton)
- Golden Globe Awards
- (1988) Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy / A Fish Called Wanda
- BAFTA Awards
- (1970) Nominated—BAFTA Television Award for "Best Light Entertainment Performance" / Monty Python's Flying Circus
- (1971) Nominated—BAFTA Television Award for "Best Light Entertainment Performance" / Monty Python's Flying Circus
- (1976) Nominated—BAFTA Television Award for "Best Light Entertainment Performance" / Fawlty Towers
- (1980) Won—BAFTA Television Award for "Best Light Entertainment Performance" / Fawlty Towers
- (1989) Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay / A Fish Called Wanda
- (also 1989) Won—BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
- Primetime Emmy Awards
- (1987) Won—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor - Comedy Series / Cheers (as Dr. Simon Finch-Royce)
- (1998) Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor – Comedy Series / 3rd Rock from the Sun (as Dr. Liam Neesam)
- (2002) Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Nonfiction Special" / The Human Face
- (2004) Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor – Comedy Series / Will & Grace (as Lyle Finster)
- Writers Guild of America
- (1989) Nominated—Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay / A Fish Called Wanda (shared with Charles Crichton)
Other credits[link]
- In 2003, John Cleese took part in Mike Oldfield's re-recording of the 1973 hit Tubular Bells, Tubular Bells 2003. He took over the "Master of Ceremonies" duties in the ‘Finale’ part, in which he announced the various instruments eccentrically, from the late Vivian Stanshall.[60]
- Cleese recorded the voice of God for Spamalot, the musical based on Monty Python and the Holy Grail.
- Cleese narrated the audio version of C.S. Lewis's The Screwtape Letters.
- In the mid 1980s, Cleese starred in British advertisements for Compaq computers and Schweppes beverages.
- In the late-1990s, Cleese appeared in a set of poorly-received commercials for the UK supermarket chain Sainsbury's. Around the same time, his Fawlty Towers co-star, Prunella Scales, appeared in more well-received commercials for rival chain Tesco.
- He has enunciated a set of directions for the TomTom in-car navigation system. This allows itself humorous notes at non-critical moments, for instance when asking for a U-turn and when signing off: "I'm not going to carry your baggage—from now on, you're on your own" and "Bear right..Beaver left."
- He plays the voice of Samuel the Sheep in the 2006 adaptation of Charlotte's Web. Samuel repeatedly tells the other sheep to be individuals, not sheep. This is a reference to Monty Python's Life of Brian.
- He has a speaking part at the end of the Alan Parsons song "Chomolungma" from the album A Valid Path.
- In 2008, John Cleese appeared in a humorous TV commercial in Poland advertising a bank loan.
- From 2006 to 2008 John Cleese has appeared in humorous TV commercials in Iceland advertising Kaupþing.
Honours and tributes[link]
- A species of lemur, the Bemaraha woolly lemur (Avahi cleesei), has been named in his honour. John Cleese has mentioned this in television interviews. Also there is mention of this honour in "New Scientist"[61]—and John Cleese's response to the honour.[62]
- An asteroid, 9618 Johncleese, is named in his honour.
- Cleese declined a CBE (Commander of the British Empire) in 1996.
- There is a municipal rubbish heap of 45 metres (148 ft) in altitude that has been named Mt Cleese at the Awapuni landfill just outside Palmerston North after he dubbed the city "suicide capital of New Zealand".[63]
- "The Universal Language" skit from All in the Timing, a collection of short plays by David Ives, centres around a fictional language (Unamunda) in which the word for the English language is "johncleese".
- The post-hardcore rock band I Set My Friends On Fire has a song on their You Can't Spell Slaughter Without Laughter album titled "Reese's Pieces, I Don't Know Who John Cleese Is?".
Bibliography[link]
- The Rectorial Address of John Cleese, Epam, 1971, 8 pages
- Foreword for Time and the Soul, Jacob Needleman, 2003 ISBN 1-57675-251-8 (paperback)
- The Human Face (with Brian Bates) (DK Publishing Inc., 2001, ISBN 978-0-7894-7836-8)
- Cleese Encounters: The Unauthorized Biography of Monty Python Veteran John Cleese, Jonathan Margolis, St. Martin's Press, 1992, ISBN 0-312-08162-6
Scripts[link]
- The Strange Case of the End of Civilisation As We Know It, w/Jack Hobbs & Joseph McGrath, 1977 ISBN 0-352-30109-0
- Fawlty Towers, w/Connie Booth, 1977 (The Builders, The Hotel Inspectors, Gourmet Night) ISBN 0-86007-598-2
- Fawlty Towers: Book 2, w/Connie Booth, 1979 (The Wedding Party, A Touch of Class, The Germans)
- The Golden Skits of Wing Commander Muriel Volestrangler FRHS & Bar, 1984 ISBN 0-413-41560-0
- The Complete Fawlty Towers, w/Connie Booth, 1988 ISBN 0-413-18390-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-679-72127-4 (paperback)
- A Fish Called Wanda: The Screenplay, w/Charles Crichton, 1988 ISBN 1-55783-033-9
- Fawlty's Hotel: Sämtliche Stücke, w/Connie Booth, (The Complete Fawlty Towers in German), Haffmans Verlag AG Zürich, 1995
Dialogues[link]
- Families and How to Survive Them, w/A.Robin Skynner, 1983 ISBN 0-413-52640-2 (hardc.), ISBN 0-19-520466-2 (p/back)
- Life and How to Survive It, w/A.Robin Skynner 1993 ISBN 0-413-66030-3 (hardcover), ISBN 0-393-31472-3 (paperback)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "John Cleese Biography (1939–)". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/20/John-Cleese.html. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ "San Diego Magazine, Silly Walks and Dead Parrots". Sandiegomag.com. http://www.sandiegomag.com/media/San-Diego-Magazine/March-2006/Silly-Walks-and-Dead-Parrots/. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ "John Cleese". Cardinal Fang's Python Site. http://www.cardinalfang.net/biographies/cleese_biog.html. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
- ^ "John Cleese". Leading Authorities. http://www.leadingauthorities.com/agent/john-cleese.aspx. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
- ^ "NEWS 1999_01_18 - John Cleese to Spend Five Years Tour As Professor at Cornell University". Daily Llama. 1999-01-18. http://www.dailyllama.com/news/1999/llama090.html. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
- ^ Life of Brian commentary by Terry Jones, Terry Gilliam and Eric Idle
- ^ a b c Footlights! — 'A Hundred Years of Cambridge Comedy' — Robert Hewison, Methuen London Ltd, 1983, ISBN 0-413-51150-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h From Fringe to Flying Circus — 'Celebrating a Unique Generation of Comedy 1960–1980' — Roger Wilmut, Eyre Methuen Ltd, 1980, ISBN 0-413-46950-6.
- ^ Sunday Times, 16 October 1988.
- ^ Morris Bright; Robert Ross (2001). Fawlty Towers: fully booked. BBC. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-563-53439-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=AH-FAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
- ^ List of Rectors of University of St. Andrews
- ^ "John Cleese Biography". Cardinal fang. http://www.cardinalfang.net/biographies/cleese_biog.html. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
- ^ Andy Lowe. "30 THINGS YOU GENUINELY NEVER KNEW ABOUT JOHN CLEESE". Bubblegun.com. http://www.bubblegun.com/features/cleese.html. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
- ^ "Why we'll never know the real Les Dawson : Correspondents 2008 : Chortle : The UK Comedy Guide". Chortle. 2008-01-15. http://www.chortle.co.uk/correspondents/2008/01/15/6271/why_well_never_know_the_real_les_dawson. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
- ^ a b Cahal Milmo "Life after Polly: Connie Booth (a case of Fawlty memory syndrome)", The Independent, 25 May 2007
- ^ "John Cleese appearance on the Muppet Show, as cited on Muppet Central Web site". αCharts.us. http://www.muppetcentral.com/guides/episodes/tms/season2/47_cleese.shtml. Retrieved 20 Dec. 2008.
- ^ "John Cleese". Save me a ticket. http://www.savemeaticket.com/event/theatre/entertainment/john-cleese-tickets. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
- ^ "YouTube – John Cleese Explains Proportional Representation for Canada & Ontario changes Coming". Topix. http://www.topix.com/forum/world/canada/TCCS4ILPTT6OD8FVD. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ Cleese continued to openly say the word, most notably reported in an interview hosted by Robert Klein in which Cleese remarked that Chapman is, "stone-fucking-dead!"Memorial eulogy by John Cleese for Graham Chapman
- ^ "Restaurant review: Michael Winner at Villa Principe Leopoldo, Switzerland". The Sunday Times (UK). 6 July 2008. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/food_and_drink/eating_out/winners_dinners/article4275153.ece. Retrieved 3 Aug. 2008.
- ^ "Actor John Cleese lists his house in Montecito, CA for $10.75M". Celebrity Real Estate Homes Big Time Listings. Berg Properties. http://www.bergproperties.com/blog/actor-john-cleese-lists-his-house-in-montecito-ca-for-1075m/. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
- ^ "Pictured: John Cleese sells £6m beachfront home as he struggles to pay divorce settlement". The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1082420/Pictured-John-Cleese-sells-6m-beachfront-home-struggles-pay-divorce-settlement.html/. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- ^ "John Cleese on move to 'beautiful' Georgian Bath". BBC News. 17 August 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/newsid_8920000/8920365.stm. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- ^ "John Cleese: I need to live in Monaco until my divorce settlement is paid". The Metro. http://www.metro.co.uk/showbiz/interviews/882400-john-cleese-i-need-to-live-in-monaco-until-my-divorce-settlement-is-paid. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- ^ "Britain Sucks says John Cleese". The Daily Express. http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/256622. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0250687/fullcredits#cast
- ^ Cowsill, Alan; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "2000s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9. "Comedy legend John Cleese joined forces with artist John Byrne, inker Mark Farmer and writer Kim Johnson for a unique take on the Superman story. Superman: True Brit saw Kal-El's rocketship land on a farm...in the UK."
- ^ "Playbill". Playbill. http://www.playbill.com/news/article/97589.html. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ "Art of Soccer, The With John Cleese". Bfsent.com. http://www.bfsent.com/item_detail.asp?number=30895. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ "Starship Titanic". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0134981/. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
- ^ Graham, Caroline (20 July 2008). "John Cleese's fling with a blonde HALF his age". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1036560/John-Cleeses-fling-blonde-HALF-age.html. Retrieved 3 Aug. 2008.
- ^ "The real reason I had to join". The Spectator. UK. 25 March 2009. http://www.spectator.co.uk/i//the-magazine/features/3472446/the-real-reason-i-had-to-join-the-spectator.thtml. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ The Canadian Press (22 July 2009). "CBC News – Arts – John Cleese cancels Just for Laughs appearance". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2009/07/22/cleese-just-laughs-montreal-0722.html. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ Ottosen, Peder. "John Cleese i Elkjøp-reklame". Kjendis.no. http://www.dagbladet.no/2009/09/23/kjendis/tv/tv_og_medier/reklame/elkjop/8259273/. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
- ^ Brudvig, Erik (11 March 2010). "GDC 10: Designing Fable III – Xbox 360 Preview at IGN". Xbox360.ign.com. http://xbox360.ign.com/articles/107/1076735p1.html. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ "BBC – Ex-Python John Cleese goes on first UK tour, aged 71". BBC News. 20 May 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8695000/8695560.stm. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ Oatts, Joanne. "AA ad features John Cleese at". Marketingweek.co.uk. http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/sectors/travel-and-leisure/aa-ad-features-john-cleese/3019428.article. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- ^ "Canadian Marketing Association Awards 2010". Canadian Marketing Association. November 2010. http://www.the-cma.org/awards/downloads/CA0GLR4WEB.pdf. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- ^ "Pacific Blue Cross gets Comedic Insurance with John Cleese". Wave Productions. 1 April 2010. http://www.waveproductions.com/newsframe.php. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- ^ "British actor John Cleese to appear in Israeli heist comedy". Haaretz. May 17, 2012. http://www.haaretz.com/culture/british-actor-john-cleese-to-appear-in-israeli-heist-comedy-1.431056. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ Roxborough, Scott (May 16, 2012). "Cannes 2012: John Cleese Joins Israeli Comedy 'Hunting Elephants'". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cannes-john-cleese-hunting-elephants-325570. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ Hoyle, Antonia (21 July 2008). "Our divorceymoon! What happened when Cleese and Winner invaded Switzerland on a six-day road trip". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1036533/Our-divorceymoon-What-happened-Cleese-Winner-invaded-Switzerland-day-road-trip.html. Retrieved 3 Aug. 2008.
- ^ "John Cleese". Nndb.com. http://www.nndb.com/people/124/000024052/. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ "Cleese Saved Daughter From Drugs". IMDB. 21 Dec. 2008. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0872184/news. Retrieved 23 Aug. 2009.
- ^ Pierce, Andrew (18 August 2009). "John Cleese in £12 million divorce settlement". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/6043628/John-Cleese-in-12-million-divorce-settlement.html. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ^ posted 04-26-2010 (2010-04-26). "John Cleese on Graham Norton Show". Pythonline. http://pythonline.com/media/john-cleese-graham-norton-show. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- ^ "Monty Python’s John Cleese in wheelchair following knee injury | The Sun |Showbiz|TV". The Sun. 2010-04-24. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/tv/2946071/Monty-Pythons-John-Cleese-in-wheelchair-following-knee-injury.html. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- ^ Todd, Ben (11 March 2010). "And now for someone completely similar... John Cleese falls for a new woman who is the spitting image of the last one". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1257075/John-Cleese-falls-new-woman-spitting-image-one.html.
- ^ a b Hans ten Cate (13 June 2002). "John Cleese Visits Lemurs at San Francisco Zoo". PythOnline's Daily Llama. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5vKSV7UX3. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ^ a b John Cleese (host) (1998). In the Wild: Operation Lemur with John Cleese (DVD). Tigress Productions Ltd for BBC. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5vKSlRiBi. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ^ Duke University (12 October 1998). "Four More Lemurs To Be Released Into Madagascar Jungle This Fall". Science Daily. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5vKScRzZ5. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ^ "Lib Dems plan warmer homes". BBC News. 31 May 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/vote2001/hi/english/newsid_1361000/1361458.stm. Retrieved 21 Jul. 2008.
- ^ JohnCleese. "John Cleese – Twitter Status (15 April 2010)". Twitter. http://twitter.com/JohnCleese/status/12244973021. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ Walker, Tim (25 January 2011). "David Cameron impresses John Cleese with his good manners". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/8279180/David-Cameron-impresses-John-Cleese-with-his-good-manners.html.
- ^ Nikkhah, Roya (17 April 2011). "Lord Cleese of Fawlty Towers: Why John Cleese declined a peerage". Sunday Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8455538/Lord-Cleese-of-Fawlty-Towers-Why-John-Cleese-declined-a-peerage.html. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ^ "Michael Saul, "The Full Monty for Bam?: Cleese stumps to be his speech writer," New York Daily News, 9 April 2008 p3". Daily News (New York). 9 April 2008. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2008/04/09/2008-04-09_monty_python_icon_john_cleese_stumps_to_.html. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ John Cleese (14 October 2008). "John Cleese: Sarah Palin Funnier Than Michael Palin, 14 October 2008, 6:51 pm PDT by Erik Pedersen, eonline". Eonline.com. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b63785_John_Cleese__Sarah_Palin_Funnier_Than_Michael_Palin.html. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ^ "John Cleese Destroys Sean Hannity with Poetry" www.dailykos.org.
- ^ ""Ripping Yarns" Golden Gordon (1979) – Full cast and crew". www.imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0686862/fullcredits#cast. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ^ Mike Oldfield "Tubular Bells" reaches thirty years old...
- ^ "New Scientist" comment about the lemur being named after John Cleese
- ^ "New Scientist" and John Cleese's response to the honour
- ^ Funnyman Cleese rubbishes NZ city. The Australian, 21 May 2007
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: John Cleese |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Cleese |
- Official website
- Official Podcast
- John Cleese at the Museum of Broadcast Communications
- John Cleese at the BBC Guide to Comedy
- John Cleese at the Internet Movie Database
- John Cleese at the Internet Broadway Database
- John Cleese on Charlie Rose
- John Cleese collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Works by or about John Cleese in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Podcast to celebrate The Life of Brian (March 2008)
- Daily Llama: John Cleese Visits Lemurs at San Francisco Zoo
- On-line video interview for Czech TV (24. 7. 2011)
| Preceded by Desmond Llewelyn 1963–1999 |
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Cleese, John |
| Alternative names | Cleese, John Marwood (birth name) |
| Short description | English comedian |
| Date of birth | 27 October 1939 |
| Place of birth | Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, England, UK |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/John_Cleese
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cleese
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the celebrity chef. For the Welsh musician, see Lostprophets.
 Oliver in Union Square in New York City, 2008 |
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| Born | James Trevor Oliver (1975-05-27) 27 May 1975 (age 37) Clavering, Essex, England |
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| Cooking style | Fresh and Organic, Italian cuisine, British cuisine |
| Education | Westminster Kingsway College |
| Spouse | Juliette Norton (m. 2000) «start: (2000-06-24)»"Marriage: Juliette Norton to Jamie Oliver" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Jamie_Oliver) |
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Current restaurant(s)
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| Official website | |
| jamieoliver.com | |
James Trevor "Jamie" Oliver, MBE (born 27 May 1975) is an English chef, restaurateur and media personality, known for his food-focused television shows, cookbooks and more recently his campaign against the use of processed foods in national schools. He strives to improve unhealthy diets and poor cooking habits in the United Kingdom and the United States. Jamie Oliver's speciality is Italian cuisine, although he has a broad international repertoire.
Contents |
Life and career[link]
Jamie Oliver was brought up in Clavering, Essex, England. His parents ran a pub, "The Cricketers", where he used to practise in the kitchen.[1] He was educated at Newport Free Grammar School. He left school at age sixteen without qualifications and went on to attend Westminster Kingsway College, formerly Westminster College.[1][2] He then earned a City & Guilds NVQ in home economics.
His first job was as a pastry chef at Antonio Carluccio's Neal's Yard restaurant, where he first gained experience with preparing Italian cuisine, and developed a relationship with his 'mentor' Gennaro Contaldo.[2] Oliver then moved to The River Café, Fulham, as a sous chef.
It was there where he was noticed by the BBC in 1997 after making an unscripted appearance in a documentary about the restaurant, "Christmas at the River Cafe".[3] That year, his show The Naked Chef debuted and his cookbook became a number one best-seller in the UK.[4] That same year, Oliver was invited to prepare lunch for then Prime Minister Tony Blair at No. 10 Downing Street.[4]
Personal life[link]
In July 2000, Oliver married former model Juliette Norton.[5] The couple met in 1993 and have four children: Poppy Honey Rosie Oliver (born 18 March 2002), Daisy Boo Pamela Oliver (born on 10 April 2003), Petal Blossom Rainbow Oliver (born on 3 April 2009)[6] and Buddy Bear Maurice Oliver (born on 15 September 2010).[7] Oliver announced the births of the two youngest children on Twitter.[8][9] The family lives in Clavering, Essex.[10]
Ancestry[link]
In 2009 Oliver claimed to be of partial Sudanese ancestry via his great-great grandfather John, whom he described as “a bit swarthy with curly hair”.[11] However, research for the Sunday Express established that John's father James was a hatter from Penzance, and that James' father Richard was also Cornish, leaving little or no possibility of a Sudanese connection. The family legend of Sudanese ancestry may have originated in the 19th century when John Oliver returned from sea, possibly with a tanned complexion after visiting Africa.[12]
Notable career milestones[link]
In 2000, Oliver became the face of the UK supermarket chain Sainsbury's through an endorsement deal worth $2 million a year.[4] After 11 years the partnership between Oliver & Sainsbury's ended. The final television advertisement was for Christmas 2011.[13]
Oliver created Fifteen in 2002. Each year, fifteen young adults who have a disadvantaged background, criminal record or history of drug abuse, are trained in the restaurant business.[14]
In 2003, he was awarded an MBE.[15]
In 2005, he initiated a campaign called "Feed Me Better" in order to move British schoolchildren towards eating healthy foods and cutting out junk food. As a result, the British government also pledged to address the issue. Delving into politics to push for changes in nutrition resulted in people voting him as the "Most Inspiring Political Figure of 2005," according to a Channel 4 News annual viewer poll.[4]
His emphasis on cooking healthily continued as he created Jamie's Ministry of Food, a television series where Oliver travelled to inspire everyday people in Rotherham, Yorkshire, to cook healthy meals. Another television series is Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution (2010–2011), where he travelled first to Huntington, West Virginia and then to Los Angeles to change the way Americans eat, and address their dependence on fast food.[4]
Oliver's holding company, Sweet As Candy, has made enough profit for Oliver to have been listed on The Sunday Times list of richest Britons under 30.[16][17]
In June 2008 he launched Jamie's Italian, his very first high-street business venture[clarification needed] in Oxford, England.[18]
It was reported in October 2009 that Oliver is in the process of raising US$22 million to help fund 30 of his Italian restaurants in Asia.[19]
In December 2009, Oliver received the 2010 TED Prize.[20]
Charity and campaigning[link]
Oliver conceived and established the Fifteen charity restaurant where he trained fifteen disadvantaged young people to work in the hospitality industry. Following the success of the original restaurant in London, more Fifteens have opened around the globe: Fifteen Amsterdam opened in December 2004, Fifteen Cornwall in Newquay opened in May 2006 and Fifteen Melbourne opened in September 2006 with Australian friend and fellow chef Tobie Puttock.[21]
Oliver then began a formal campaign to ban unhealthy food in British schools and to get children eating nutritious food instead. Oliver's efforts to bring radical change to the school meals system, chronicled in the series Jamie's School Dinners, challenged the junk-food culture by showing schools they could serve healthy, cost-efficient meals that kids enjoyed eating.[22] Jamie's efforts brought the subject of school dinners to the political forefront and changed the types of food served in schools.[23]
In June 2003, Oliver was awarded the MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours. He has also written columns for The Times. A great proponent of fresh organic foods, Oliver was named the most influential person in the UK hospitality industry when he topped the inaugural Caterersearch.com 100 in May 2005.[24] The list placed Oliver higher than Sir Francis Mackay, the then-chairman of the contract catering giant Compass Group, which Oliver had soundly criticised in Jamie's School Dinners. In 2006, Oliver dropped to second on the list behind fellow celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay.[25] In July 2010, Jamie regained the top spot and has been named as the most powerful and influential person in the UK hospitality industry once again.[26]
In December 2009, Oliver was awarded the 2010 TED Prize for his campaigns to "create change on both the individual and governmental levels" in order to "bring attention to the changes Englanders and now Americans need to make in their lifestyles and diet."[20]
In 2010, Oliver joined several other celebrity chefs on the series The Big Fish Fight.[27] In the series, Oliver, along with fellow chef Gordon Ramsay, spent time on a trawler boat to raise awareness about the discarding of hundreds of thousands of saltwater fish because the fisherman are prohibited from keeping any fish other than the stated target of the trawl.[citation needed]
Oliver is a patron of environmental charity Trees for Cities.[28]
Advertising[link]
From 1998, Oliver was the public face of the Sainsbury's supermarket chain in the UK, appearing on television and radio advertisements and in-store promotional material. The deal earned him an estimated £1.2 million every year.[29] By 2004, the company had made 65 advertisements with Oliver, but this arrangement has not been without controversy. Oliver was reported to have admitted that he does not use supermarkets, saying “For any chef, supermarkets are like a factory. I buy from specialist growers, organic suppliers and farmers".[30] He was also said to have been criticised by Sainsbury's CEO Justin King when he slammed the "junk" sold by supermarkets that ends up in the lunchboxes of millions of children. King reportedly hit back, saying: "Dictating to people – or unleashing an expletive-filled tirade – is not the way to get engagement."[31]
Oliver has also a line of non-stick pans and cookware for Tefal and has appeared in Australian television commercials for Yalumba wines, using Del Boy's catchphrase of "Lovely Jubbly".[citation needed]
Television shows[link]
Oliver's programmes are shown in over 40 countries, including the USA's Food Network. Oliver's Twist and Pukka Tukka picked up where The Naked Chef left off. More recently, Oliver has appeared in campaigning programmes to improve food in schools and the cooking skills of the average person.[citation needed]
The Naked Chef (1998–1999) was Oliver's first series. The title was a reference to the simplicity of Oliver's recipes and has nothing to do with nudity. Oliver has frequently admitted that he was not entirely happy with the title, which was devised by producer Patricia Llewellyn. (In the UK edit of the show, the opening titles include a clip of him telling an unseen questioner, "No way! It's not me, it's the food!") The success of the programme led to the books Return of the Naked Chef and Happy Days with the Naked Chef.
Series guide:
- Series 1 (6 editions): 14 April 1999 to 16 June 1999
- Series 2 (8 editions): 12 April 2000 to 31 May 2000
- Series 3 (8 editions): 16 October 2001 to 4 December 2001
- Special "Christmas comes early": 21 December 1999
- Special "Christmas in New York": 20 December 2000 - Jamie undertakes a stage in New York
- Special "Christmas Party": 19 December 2001
Pukka Tukka was launched in 2000 on Channel 4.[citation needed]
Oliver's Twist was launched in 2002.[citation needed]
Jamie's Kitchen was a five-part 2002 documentary series. It followed Oliver as he attempted to train a group of disadvantaged youths, who would, if they completed the course, be offered jobs at Oliver's new restaurant "Fifteen". This was followed by Return to Jamie's Kitchen in 2003.
Jamie's Kitchen Australia was a ten-part 2006 television series, similar to Jamie's Kitchen, that was based in and aired in Australia.
Jamie's School Dinners (2005) was a four-part documentary series. Oliver took responsibility for running the kitchen meals in Kidbrooke School, Greenwich, for a year. Disgusted by the unhealthy food being served to schoolchildren and the lack of healthy alternatives on offer, Oliver began a campaign to improve the standard of Britain’s school meals. Public awareness was raised and subsequently the British Government pledged to spend £280m on school dinners (spread over three years). Tony Blair acknowledged that this was a result of Oliver's campaign. Following the success of the campaign, Oliver was named "Most Inspiring Political Figure of 2005" in the Channel 4 Political Awards 2006. In episode 2 of Jamie's School Dinners, Oliver's Fifteen London restaurant was visited by former US President Bill Clinton. Clinton asked to see Oliver; however, Oliver refused: 36 showed up for a booking of 20 and many of them were on a South Beach Diet and refused the special menu that had been prepared, even though it had been approved in advance.[32]
Jamie's Great Italian Escape, a six-part travelogue series, was first broadcast on Channel 4 in Britain in October 2005. It follows Oliver as he travels around Italy in a blue VW van (plus a trailer for cooking). He is about to turn 30 and this is his personal adventure to rediscover his love of cooking.[citation needed]
Jamie's Return To School Dinners
Jamie's Chef (2007) was a four-part series continuing where Jamie's Kitchen left off. Five years and fifty trainees later, Oliver's most recent series aims to help the winning trainee establish their own restaurant at The Cock, a pub near Braintree, Essex. The charitable Fifteen Foundation retains ownership of the property and has provided a £125,000 loan for the winner, Aaron Craze, to refurbish the establishment. As of 13 January 2008, the Cock has closed down and reopened as a regular pub.[33][34]
Jamie at Home (2007) featured Oliver presenting home-style recipes and gardening tips, with many ingredients coming from his substantial home garden. Jamie at Home airs on the Food Network in the United States. Due to licensing restrictions, only two recipes from each Jamie at Home episode appear online; also, access to recipes is limited to users within the United States.[35]
Jamie's Fowl Dinners (2008) was a special with Jamie backing Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall's "Hugh's Chicken Run" in trying to get the British to eat free range chickens.[36]
Jamie's Ministry of Food (2008) was a four-part series that aired from 30 September to 21 October 2008.[37] It was based in Rotherham, South Yorkshire.[38] Oliver aimed to make the town "the culinary capital of the United Kingdom" and tried to get the town's inhabitants to learn how to cook fresh food and establish healthy eating as part of daily life.[39] The 'Pass It On' campaign also featured in this series with the local townspeople being taught one of a selection of recipes and passing it on to family members and friends.[38] The 'Pass It On' campaign gained a following on the social networking website Facebook which has a group and fan page with users signing up to chart their progress.
What's Cooking? with Jamie Oliver (2008) is a video game with Oliver narrating.
Jamie Saves Our Bacon (2009) was part of Channel 4's British Food Fight Season, a thematic sequel to Jamie's Fowl Dinners. In the special, Oliver looks at the state of pig farming in the UK and EU. It was broadcast on 29 January 2009.[40]
Jamie's American Road Trip (2009) was a Channel 4 series following Jamie who, rather than visit fancy restaurants and top chefs, meets and learns from real cooks making honest food for working people at street stalls, off-road diners and down-to-earth local restaurants. Along the way, he picks up new recipes and experiences tastes old and new, as well as learning how other cultures adapt when they come to the USA.[41]
Jamie's Family Christmas (2009) was short series (5 episodes) on Channel 4 with Oliver cooking traditional and new Christmas dishes. More unusually this series includes members of Oliver's family: a family member (wife, children, sister etc.) appears in a supporting role with the preparation of particular recipe interspersed with more traditional Jamie alone delivery to an off-camera person. First broadcast 15 December 2009.[42]
Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution was a series that aired during 2010 and 2011 on ABC in the United States. In the first season, Oliver visited Huntington, West Virginia, statistically one of the unhealthiest cities in the USA, to try to improve its residents' eating habits. In 2010, the show won an Emmy for Outstanding Reality Programme.[43] In the second season Oliver visited Los Angeles, California where his crusade to change school meals was met with resistance. Oliver was ultimately barred from filming at any Los Angeles public school. The show's cancellation was announced by ABC in May 2011, two weeks before the final episode of the season had aired.[44] The program also aired in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 under the title Jamie's American Food Revolution, and in Australia on Channel 10 under the original title.
Jamie Does (2010) or Jamie Oliver's Food Escapes (2011, American title) is a Channel 4 series of 6 episodes following the success of Jamie's American Road Trip. Oliver travels across Europe and North Africa, cooking local dishes.
Jamie's 30 Minute Meals (2010) was Channel 4 series of 40 episodes aired during October–November. The programme focused on home-cooked meals that could be put together within the titular timeframe, using simple 'not cheffy' techniques. There was also an emphasis on educating viewers about the cooking processes themselves.[45]
Jamie's Dream School (2011) is a Channel 4 series that looks at young people’s educational problems and attempts to uncover whether they are down to personal circumstance, society, or the education system itself. It also examines how the new teachers get on as they try to translate their real-life expertise into the realities of the classroom. The experts include scientist Professor Robert Winston, historian David Starkey, barrister Cherie Blair, journalist and political aide Alastair Campbell, actor Simon Callow, artist Rolf Harris, musician Jazzie B and Olympic gold medallist Daley Thompson.
Jamie advertised with the Daily Mail in October 2011.
Jamie's Fish Supper (2011) was a one-hour special show in which Oliver cooked 10 fish recipes as a part of Big Fish Fight campaign.
Jamie Cooks Summer (2011) was a one-hour special in which Oliver cooked summer dishes in various outdoor locations.
Other television appearances[link]
Oliver has twice guest-hosted Channel 4's The Friday Night Project.
He has also made two appearances in the "Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car" segment of BBC Two's Top Gear. His first appearance was notorious for his attempt to make a green salad in the back of his Volkswagen Microbus,which was fitted with a Porsche engine, while the Stig drove it around the Top Gear test track.
Oliver is the second British celebrity chef (after Robert Irvine) to appear as a challenger on Iron Chef America, taking on Iron Chef Mario Batali in 2008 in a losing battle with cobia as the theme ingredient.[citation needed]
He starred as one of the judges in the 2008 US series Oprah's Big Give hosted by Oprah Winfrey on ABC (America).
He guest starred as himself in the "Meatloaf Surprise" episode of Phineas and Ferb.
Live shows[link]
The Happy Days Live tour was Oliver's first live show in 2001 and included several dates in the UK and Australasia.[46] Performing to sold-out venues, he cooked on stage and interacted with the audiences with competitions, music and special effects only usually seen in pop concerts.[47] He took the audiences by surprise by singing and drumming to a song called Lamb Curry written by his longtime friend Leigh Haggerwood. Oliver appears at the BBC Good Food show each year and took to the road once more in 2006 on an Australian tour where he performed in Sydney and Melbourne. Following the entertaining format of his first live show, the 2006 Australian tour featuring special guests including mentor Gennaro Contaldo, and students from Fifteen London. Oliver also performed a new song written by Leigh Haggerwood called Fish Stew which Jamie cooked to and also drummed along to at the end of the show. The shows were a great success and are featured in a one-off TV documentary called Jamie Oliver: Australian Diary.[48]
Controversy[link]
In 2005, Oliver was widely criticised by animal rights groups for slaughtering a fully conscious lamb on his TV show, while PETA praised Oliver for showing the killing uncensored, claiming that it highlighted problems with the methods used within slaughterhouses for viewers at home.[49] PETA spokesman Sean Gifford said that it "could turn the more diehard carnivore into a vegetarian."[49] British TV regulator Ofcom reported they had seven complaints from the public.[49]
Oliver has been known for his comments about other chefs and has spoken out against Marco Pierre White, who has been critical of Oliver in the past, and the notorious swearing of Gordon Ramsay.[50]
In 2005, Oliver embarked upon his school dinners campaign to improve the quality of food fed to pupils. While the campaign was arguably successful,[51] at the time it was a highly controversial shake-up for students and parents, some of whom believed that the students should have a healthy option available, but still be given the choice as to what they want to eat. In September 2006, Rawmarsh Community School, South Yorkshire, UK, made headlines after a handful of parents revolted against Oliver's lunch plan (in which all 1,100 pupils on site were fed two portions of fruit and three vegetables every day) by delivering junk food from local shops to the pupils through the school fence. One parent dismissed Oliver's food as "disgusting rubbish" and declared, "Food is cheaper and better at the local takeaways.”[52]
In 2008 Jamie revealed on Chris Moyles' Radio 1 show[53] that he had never cooked a hard boiled egg (as a dish in itself). Jamie volunteered the information, with some embarrassment, when discussing Delia Smith's infamous 'How to boil an egg' gaffe.
In 2011, Oliver, an advocate of cooking meals from scratch and using local produce, caused controversy after it turned out the sauces used in Jamie's Italian in Glasgow were from an industrial park almost 400 miles away in Bicester.[54] Oliver and Gordon Ramsay are spokeschefs for the "Big Fish Fight," which campaigns for sustainable seafood, but were criticised for their use of endangered fish.[55]
Also in 2011, Oliver came under fire for lack of food safety protections in his restaurants and illnesses associated with under cooking mince meat that may have been contaminated with E.coli.[56]
Pop culture[link]
Oliver was mentioned in the South Park episode "Medicinal Fried Chicken". Eric Cartman, one of the main characters, is ordered by Colonel Sanders to stop him from delivering his speech against KFC. He is also featured in the later episode "Crème Fraiche". Oliver cries while trying to convince celebrity chef Bobby Flay that kids' food should be healthy.[57]
Books[link]
- Something for the Weekend, ISBN 0-14-102258-2
- The Naked Chef, ISBN 0-7868-6617-9
- The Return of the Naked Chef, ISBN 0-7181-4439-2
- Published in America as The Naked Chef Takes Off, ISBN 0-7868-6755-8
- Happy Days with the Naked Chef, ISBN 0-7868-6852-X
- Jamie's Kitchen, ISBN 1-4013-0022-7
- Jamie's Dinners, ISBN 1-4013-0194-0
- Jamie's Italy, ISBN 0-7181-4770-7
- Cook With Jamie: My Guide to Making You a Better Cook , ISBN 0-7181-4771-5
- Jamie's Little Book of Big Treats, ISBN 0-14-103146-8
- Jamie at Home: Cook Your Way to the Good Life, ISBN 978-0-7181-5243-7
- Jamie's Ministry of Food: Anyone Can Learn to Cook in 24 Hours, ISBN 978-0-7181-4862-1
- Published in America as Jamie's Food Revolution: Rediscover How to Cook Simple, Delicious, Affordable Meals, ISBN 978-1-4013-2359-2
- Jamie's Red Nose Recipes, ISBN 978-0-14-104178-0
- Jamie's America, ISBN 978-0-7181-5476-9
- Jamie does... Spain, Italy, Sweden, Morocco, Greece, France, ISBN 978-0-7181-5614-5
- Jamie's 30-minute Meals, ISBN 978-0-7181-5477-6
- Jamie's Great Britain, ISBN 978-0-7181-5681-7
Notes[link]
- Jamie Oliver @ telegraph in The Telegraph
- Jamie Oliver biography in BBC Online
- Q&A with the Naked Chef Jamie Oliver, 8 November 2007
- Jamie Oliver's Restaurants – Fifteen at Visit Britain
- Jamie Oliver at the Chef and Restaurant Database
- 350 Years of Jamie's Family History
- Video of Jamie's talk at TED
- Jamie Oliver interviewed by Decca Aitkenhead on Guardian October 2010.
References[link]
- ^ a b "An in-depth look at your favourite celebrity personalities – hellomagazine.com, HELLO!". Hello! Magazine. http://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/jamieoliver/. Retrieved 2 April 2009.
- ^ a b Walker, Andrew (30 March 2005). "BBC NEWS – Magazine – Profile: Jamie Oliver". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4394025.stm. Retrieved 2 April 2009.
- ^ "Miranda Sawyer meets Jamie Oliver – From The Observer – The Observer". The Observer (UK). 14 April 2002. http://www.guardian.co.uk/theobserver/2002/apr/14/features.magazine47. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "The Ups and Downs of Jamie Oliver, a Celebrity Chef". The New York Times. 11 October 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/10/11/magazine/20091011_JAMIE_TIMELINE.html. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
- ^ Dish of the day The Observer, 14 April 2002
- ^ Perry, Simon (3 April 2009). "Jamie Oliver Celebrates Birth of Baby Daughter". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20269884,00.html. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Meet Jamie Oliver's son, little Buddy Oli". The Independent (UK). 19 September 2010. http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/meet-jamie-olivers-son-little-buddy-oli-2083247.html. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
- ^ she's called Petal Blossom Rainbow Oliver Twitter / Jamie Oliver, 3 April 2009
- ^ A Boy At Last For Jamie Oliver And Jools Sky News, 16 September 2010
- ^ "Jamie Oliver's new love affair". Clacton and Frinton Gazette. 6 September 2007. http://archive.clactonandfrintongazette.co.uk/2007/9/6/257845.html. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ Singh, Anita (25 August 2009). "Jamie Oliver: I'm sixth-generation Sudanese". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/6083245/Jamie-Oliver-Im-sixth-generation-Sudanese.html. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
- ^ "OUT OF ESSEX JAMIE IS NOT OUT OF AFRICA" – David Jarvis in The Daily Express 30 August 2009
- ^ "Sainsbury's and Jamie Oliver decide to end partnership in style"
- ^ "Jamie Oliver Puts America's Diet on a Diet"
- ^ "Oliver's pukka life as chef". BBC News. 13 June 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/2988426.stm. Retrieved 11 January 2011. "TV chef Jamie Oliver has been honoured with an MBE for his services to the hospitality industry ..."
- ^ Habershon, Ed; Lois Rogers (6 November 2005). "Jamie Oliver’s recipe for success brings in millions". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article587132.ece. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
- ^ "Jamie Oliver: Family & friends helped when banks said no". Business Matters magazine. http://www.bmmagazine.co.uk/Jamie-Oliver-Family-and-friends-helped-with-a-loan-when-the-bank-said-no.872. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ "Oxford Opening for Oliver". BigHospitality.co.uk. http://www.bighospitality.co.uk/Venues/Oxford-opening-for-Oliver. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ Nicholas, Katrina and Patricia Kuo (9 October 2009). "Jamie Oliver Seeks Private Investors for Restaurants in Asia". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=aGqcWRXMqYRg.
- ^ a b Time. "Wishes Big Enough to Change the World » Congratulations Jamie Oliver – 2010 TED Prize Winner". TED Prize. http://www.tedprize.org/jamie-oliver/. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ theage.com.au. "Kids in the kitchen". http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/08/16/1092508353539.html. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ "Jamie Oliver slams government for not supporting school meals reform" caterersearch.com. Retrieved on 2 November 2007
- ^ "Jamie Oliver's school dinners 'are more effective than literacy hour" March 29, 2010, The Times
- ^ "Jamie Oliver – 12/05/2005". Caterer Search. http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/Article.aspx?liArticleID=300470. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ "CatererSearch 100 – the full list – 20 September 2006". Caterer Search. http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2006/09/20/308864/CatererSearch+100++the+ful+list.htm. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ Kerstin Kuhn. "Jamie Oliver regains top spot in the Caterersearch.com 100 – 01/07/2010". Caterer Search. http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2010/07/01/334134/jamie-oliver-regains-top-spot-in-the-caterersearch.com-100.htm. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ "Teesside restaurant joins chefs' campaign" 24 January 2011, Evening Gazette
- ^ "Patrons and supporters". Trees for Cities. http://treesforcities.org/page.php?id=51. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ Wheeler, Brian (11 June 2003). "Retrieved on 2008-01-01". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2979646.stm. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ Poulter, Sean (7 December 2006). "Retrieved on 2007-12-31". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/health/dietfitness.html?in_article_id=421003&in_page_id=1798&in_page_id=1798&expand=true. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Sainsbury's gives Jamie Oliver a ticking off over school lunches". 14 September 2006. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23366808-details/Sainsbury's%20gives%20Jamie%20Oliver%20a%20ticking%20off%20over%20school%20lunches/article.do. Retrieved 5 May 2008.
- ^ "Enough Rope with Andrew Denton episode 121 18 September 2006". ABC Australia. http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s1743226.htm. Retrieved 12 February 2007.
- ^ "Review from BeerInTheEvening.com". http://www.beerintheevening.com/pubs/s/23/23880/Cock/Beazley_End. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
- ^ "Review from ReviewCentre". http://www.reviewcentre.com/review521549.html. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
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- ^ Holmwood, Leigh (28 March 2008). "Jamie Oliver takes on British cuisine". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/mar/28/channel4.television1?gusrc=rss&feed=media. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
- ^ a b Renton, Alex (1 October 2008). "Jamie Oliver's Ministry of Food goes to Rotherham | Life and style | guardian.co.uk". Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2008/oct/01/jamie.oliver.ministry.food. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Ministry of Food – Home". Jamieoliver.com. http://www.jamieoliver.com/jamies-ministry-of-food. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "About Jamie Saves Our Bacon | Food". Channel4.com. http://www.channel4.com/food/on-tv/jamie-oliver/jamie-saves-our-bacon/jamie-saves-our-bacon-08-12-12_p_1.html. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "All About Jamie's USA Show | Food". Channel4.com. http://www.channel4.com/food/on-tv/jamie-oliver/jamie-s-american-roadtrip-09-07-24_p_1.html. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Jamie's Family Christmas | Food". Channel4.com. http://www.channel4.com/food/on-tv/jamie-oliver/jamie-s-family-christmas/. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "jamie’s food revolution wins emmy award". JamieOliver.com. http://www.jamieoliver.com/news/jamie-s-food-revolution-wins-emmy-award. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
- ^ "Viva La Evolution! Requiem for Jamie Oliver’s Food Revolution". http://www.wired.com/underwire/2011/06/jamie-oliver-food-revolution/. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
- ^ Jamie's 30-Minute Meals
- ^ "Happy Days Tour Live!: Jamie Oliver (TV Episode): Information from". Answers.com. http://www.answers.com/topic/jamie-oliver-happy-days-tour-live-tv-episode. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Jamie Oliver – Happy Days Tour Live!: Jamie Oliver, Brian Klein: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00006JMQS. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ DVD review FIRST PUBLISHED 5 Oct 2002 By (5 October 2002). "Jamie Oliver: Happy Days Tour Live – DVD review (1 of 2)". Dvdtown.com. http://www.dvdtown.com/reviews/jamie-oliver-happy-days-tour-live/1294. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ a b c "Jamie Oliver: The silencer of the lamb". Mirror. 11 November 2005. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/tm_objectid=16357445&method=full&siteid=94762&headline=jamie-oliver--the-silencer-of-the-lamb--name_page.html. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ^ Khan, Urmee (6 April 2010). "Oliver Interview". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/7556414/Chefs-who-swear-on-TV-are-just-venting-their-own-problems-says-Jamie-Oliver.html. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ High Commendation For School Dinners Campaign. Greenwich Council. March 2006.
- ^ Perrie, Robin (16 September 2006). "Sinner ladies sell kids junk food". London: The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/63611/Sinner-ladies-sell-kids-junk-food.html. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ Retrieved on 2011-09-15
- ^ Sauces at Jamie’s Italian are not pukka, say critics
- ^ Celebrity chefs Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver in hot water after serving rare eels
- ^ "Jamie Oliver Under Fire for Food Safety Violations". http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2011/05/jamie-oliver-under-fire-for-food-safety-violations/. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
- ^ "Creme Fraiche" Original Air Date: 17 November 2010
Further reading[link]
- List of social entrepreneurs
- Stafford Hildred, Jamie Oliver: The Biography (2001) ISBN 1-903402-55-7
- Gilly Smith, Jamie Oliver: Turning Up the Heat (2006) ISBN 0-233-00168-9
- Gilly Smith, Jamie Oliver: The Kitchen Crusader (2006) ISBN 978-1-86200-414-6
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jamie Oliver |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jamie Oliver |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Oliver, Jamie |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1975-05-27 |
| Place of birth | Clavering, Essex, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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