It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Handgun. (Discuss) Proposed since January 2011.

A model M1911A1 pistol.

When distinguished as a subset of handguns, a pistol is a handgun with a chamber that is integral with the barrel, as opposed to a revolver, wherein the chamber is separate from the barrel as a revolving cylinder.^[1]

History[link]

The pistol originates in the 16th century, when early handguns were produced in Europe. The English word was introduced in ca. 1570 from the Middle French pistolet (ca. 1550).

The etymology of the French word pistolet is unclear. It may be from a Czech word for early hand cannons, píšťala "flute", or alternatively from Italian pistolese, after Pistoia, a city renowned for Renaissance-era gunsmithing, where hand-held guns (designed to be fired from horseback) were first produced in the 1540s.^[2]

The first suggestion derives the word from Czech píšťala, a type of hand-cannon used in the Hussite Wars during the 1420s. The Czech word was adopted in German as pitschale, pitschole, petsole, and variants.^[3]

Action[link]

The most common types of pistol are the single shot, multi-barreled and semi-automatic.

Single shot[link]

These types of handgun were mainly seen during the era of flintlock and musket weaponry where the pistol was loaded with a lead ball and fired by a percussion cap. However, as technology improved, so did the single shot pistol. New operating mechanisms were created, and due to this, they are still made today. They are often used to hunt wild game.

Multi-barreled[link]

These were common during the same time as single shot pistols. As designers looked for ways to increase fire rates, multiple barrels were added to all guns including pistols. Some examples of multi-barreled pistols are Derringers and Duck's foot pistols.

Harmonica pistol[link]

Around 1850, pistols such as the Jarre harmonica gun were produced that had a sliding magazine. The sliding magazine contained pinfire cartridges or speedloaders. The magazine needed to be moved manually in many designs, hence distinguishing them from semi-automatic pistols.^[4]

Semi-automatic[link]

This was the next development of the pistol. By avoiding multiple barrels—which need to be individually reloaded—semi-automatic pistols delivered faster rates of fire and require only a few seconds to reload (depending on the skill of the shooter). In blowback-type semi-automatics, the recoil force is used to push the slide back and eject the case (if any) so that the magazine spring can push another round up, then as the slide returns it chambers the round. An example of a modern blowback action semi-automatic pistol is the HK VP70.

Machine pistol[link]

A machine pistol is an (fully) automatic pistol, mechanically similar to a semi-automatic pistol but where the trigger mechanism is designed so that it will continue to fire unless the trigger is released or the magazine is empty. Since machine pistols typically have such a high rate of fire, a larger capacity magazine or drum magazine is desirable.

References[link]

1. ^ Larry Koller (1962). The Arco gun book. Arco Pub. Co.,. http://books.google.com/books?id=l-iBAAAAIAAJ&q=%22A+pistol+is+a+handgun%22&dq=%22A+pistol+is+a+handgun%22&hl=en. Retrieved 11 January 2011. 
2. ^ The War Office (UK): Textbook of Small Arms (1929), page 86. H.M. Stationery Office (UK), 1929.
3. ^ Karel Titz (1922). Ohlasy husitského válečnictví v Evropě. Československý vědecký ústav vojenský. 
4. ^ Jarre harmonica pistol

Peter "Pistol Pete" Press Maravich (June 22, 1947 – January 5, 1988) was an American professional basketball player. Born and raised in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, Maravich starred in college at Louisiana State University (LSU) and played for three NBA teams until injuries induced him to retire in 1980. He is still the all-time leading NCAA Division I scorer with 3,667 points scored and an average of 44.2 points per game. (All of his accomplishments were achieved before the three-point line was introduced to NCAA basketball, and despite being unable to play varsity as a freshman under then-NCAA rules.^[1]) Maravich died suddenly at age 40 during a pick-up game as a consequence of a previously undetected congenital heart defect. One of the youngest players ever inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, Maravich was cited by the Hall as "perhaps the greatest creative offensive talent in history".^[2] In an April 2010 interview, Hall of Fame player John Havlicek said "the best ball-handler of all time was (Pete) Maravich."

Early life[link]

Pete Maravich was born in Aliquippa, a small steel town in Beaver County, western Pennsylvania. Maravich amazed his family and friends with his basketball abilities from an early age. He enjoyed a close but demanding father-son relationship that motivated him toward achievement and fame in the sport. Maravich's father, Petar "Press" Maravich, the son of Serbian immigrants^[3][4] and a former professional player-turned-coach, showed him the fundamentals starting when he was seven years old. Obsessively, Maravich spent hours practicing ball control tricks, passes, head fakes, and long range shots.

This dedication and inventiveness manifested itself in early success: Maravich played high school varsity ball at Daniel High School in Central, South Carolina a year before being old enough to attend the school. While at Daniel from 1961 to 1963, Maravich participated in the school's first ever game against a team from an all-black school. In 1963, his father, departing from his position as head basketball coach at Clemson University, joined the coaching staff at North Carolina State University. The Maravich family's subsequent move to Raleigh, North Carolina allowed Pete to attend Needham B. Broughton High School.^[5] His high school years also saw the birth of his famous moniker. From his habit of shooting the ball from his side, as if he were holding a revolver, Maravich became known as "Pistol" Pete Maravich. From there "Pistol" then transferred to Edwards Military Institute where he averaged 33 points per game.

Playing career[link]

College[link]

While Maravich would tell friends later in life he always desired to play basketball for West Virginia University and was all set to be a Mountaineer, his father was the varsity coach at LSU and his father offered the "Pistol" a spot at LSU. In his first game on the LSU freshman team Maravich put up 50 points, 14 rebounds and 11 assists against Southeastern Louisiana College.^[6]

In only three years playing for his father at LSU, Maravich scored 3,667 points — 1,138 of those in 1968, 1,148 in 1969 and 1,381 in 1970 while averaging 43.8, 44.2 and 44.5 points per game. In his collegiate career, the 6' 5" (1.96 m) guard averaged an incredible 44.2 points per game in 83 contests and led the NCAA in scoring in each of his three seasons.^[7]

Maravich's longstanding collegiate scoring record is particularly impressive when two other factors are taken into account:

• First, NCAA rules at the time of Maravich's collegiate career prohibited freshmen from taking part in varsity competition, preventing Maravich from adding to his career record for a full quarter of his time at LSU. During this first year, Maravich scored 741 points in freshman competition.
• Second, Maravich played before the advent of the three-point line. His long-distance shooting skill thus produced far fewer points than would have been the case in a later era. Years later, former LSU head basketball coach Dale Brown charted every college game Maravich played, taking into consideration all shots he took. Brown calculated that at the NCAA rule of a three-point line at 19-foot (5.8 m), 9-inches from the rim, Maravich would have averaged thirteen 3-point scores per game, lifting the player's career average to 57 points per game.^[8]

More than 35 years later, many of his NCAA and LSU records still stand. Maravich was a three-time All-American. Though he never appeared in the NCAA tournament, Maravich played a key role in turning around a lackluster program that had posted a 3–20 record in the season prior to his arrival.

At Louisiana State University, Maravich was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.

NCAA career statistics[link]

Professional[link]

Atlanta Hawks[link]

The Atlanta Hawks selected Maravich with the third pick in the first round of the 1970 NBA Draft.^[12] He was not a natural fit in Atlanta, as the Hawks already boasted a top-notch scorer at guard in Lou Hudson. In fact, Pistol Pete's flamboyant style stood in stark contrast to the conservative play of Hudson and star center Walt Bellamy. And it did not help that many of the veteran players resented the $1.9 million contract that Maravich received from the team — a very large salary at that time.^[13]

Still, the rookie's talent was undeniable. Maravich appeared in 81 games and average 23.2 points per contest — good enough to earn NBA All-Rookie Team honors. And he managed to blend his style with his teammates, so much that Hudson set a career high by scoring 26.8 points per game. But the team stumbled to a 36–46 record — 12 wins less than the previous season. Still, the Hawks qualified for the playoffs, where they lost to the New York Knicks in the first round.

Maravich struggled somewhat during his second season. His scoring average dipped to 19.3 points per game during the regular season, and the Hawks finished with another disappointing 36–46 record. Once again, they qualified for the playoffs, and once again, they were eliminated in the first round. However, Atlanta fought hard against the Boston Celtics, with Maravich averaging 27.7 points in the series.

It was a sign of things to come. Maravich erupted in his third season, averaging 26.1 points and dishing out 6.9 assists per game. With 2,063 points, he combined with Hudson (2,029 points) to become only the second set of teammates in league history to each score over 2,000 points in a single season. The Hawks soared to a 46–36 record, but again bowed out in the first round of the playoffs. However, the season was good enough to earn Maravich his first-ever appearance in the NBA All-Star Game, and also All-NBA Second Team honors.

The following season (1973–74) was his best yet — at least in terms of individual accomplishments. Maravich posted 27.7 points per game — second in the league behind Bob McAdoo — and earned his second appearance in the All-Star Game. However, Atlanta sank to a disappointing 35–47 record and missed the postseason entirely.

New Orleans Jazz[link]

In the summer of 1974, an expansion franchise was preparing for its first season of competition in the NBA. The New Orleans Jazz were looking for something, or someone, to fire up basketball fans in "The Big Easy". With his exciting style of play, Pistol Pete was the perfect man for the job. Of course, it helped that he already enjoyed celebrity status in Louisiana thanks to his legendary accomplishments at LSU. To acquire Maravich, the Jazz sent two players and four draft picks to Atlanta.

Predictably, the expansion team struggled mightily in its first season. Maravich managed to score 21.5 points per game, but shot a career-worst 41.9 percent from the floor. The Jazz posted a 23-59 record, worst in the NBA.

Jazz management did their best to give Maravich a better supporting cast, and it worked – to an extent. The team posted a 38-44 record in its second season (1975–76), but did not qualify for postseason play, despite the dramatic improvement. Maravich struggled with injuries that limited him to just 62 games that season, but he averaged 25.9 points per contest and continued his crowd-pleasing antics. The entire league took notice of his extraordinary skills, electing him to the All-NBA First Team that year.

The following season (1976–77) was his best-ever as a professional player. He led the league in scoring with an average of 31.1 points per game. He scored 40 points or more in 13 different games, including a 68-point masterpiece against the Knicks. At that time, it was the most points ever scored by a guard in one game. In fact, only two players in league history had scored more points in a single game: Wilt Chamberlain and Elgin Baylor.^[14] Baylor had a front row seat for Maravich's performance - because he was serving as head coach of the Jazz.

Maravich earned his third All-Star Game appearance and was honored as All-NBA First Team for the second consecutive season. He was in the prime of his career, seemingly scoring at will and showing off his flashy dribbling and passing skills in arenas all across the country. But that all changed the following season. Injuries to both knees forced him to miss 32 games during the 1977–78 season. Despite being robbed of some quickness and athleticism, he still managed to score 27.0 points per game, and he also added 6.7 assists per contest, his highest average as a member of the Jazz. Many of those assists went to a new teammate: Truck Robinson, who had joined the franchise as a free agent during the offseason. In his first year in New Orleans, he averaged 22.7 points and a league-best 15.7 rebounds per game. His presence prevented opponents from focusing their defensive efforts entirely on Maravich, and it lifted the Jazz to a respectable 39–43 record — just short of making the club's first-ever appearance in the playoffs.

The good times did not last for long. Knee problems plagued Maravich for the rest of his career. He played in just 49 games during the 1978–79 season. He worked hard to overcome his injury troubles, scoring 22.6 points per game and earning his fifth (and final) All-Star appearance. But his scoring and passing abilities were severely impaired. The team struggled on the court, and faced serious financial trouble as well.^[15] Management became desperate to make some changes. The Jazz traded Robinson to the Phoenix Suns, receiving draft picks and some cash in return. But it was too late to save the franchise. In 1979, team owner Sam Battistone moved the Jazz to Salt Lake City, Utah.

Final season[link]

The Utah Jazz began play in the 1979-80 season. Maravich moved with the team to Salt Lake City, but his knee problems were worse than ever. He appeared in 17 games early in the season, but his injuries prevented him from practicing much, and new coach Tom Nissalke had a strict rule that players who didn't practice were not allowed to play in games. Thus, Pistol Pete was parked on the bench for 24 straight games, much to the dismay of Utah fans^[16] and to Maravich himself. During that time, Adrian Dantley emerged as the team's franchise player.

The Jazz placed Maravich on waivers in January 1980. He was claimed by the Celtics, the top team in the league that year, led by rookie superstar Larry Bird.^[17] Maravich adjusted to a new role as part-time contributor, giving Boston a "hired gun" off the bench. He helped the team post a 61-21 record in the regular season, best in the league. And, for the first time since his early career in Atlanta, Maravich was able to participate in the NBA playoffs. He appeared in nine games during that postseason, but the Celtics were upended by Julius Erving and the Philadelphia 76ers in the Eastern Conference finals four games to one.

Realizing that his knee problems would never go away, Maravich retired at the end of that season. It is noteworthy that the NBA instituted the 3-point shot just in time for Pistol Pete's last season in the league. He had always been famous for his long-range shooting, and his final year provided an official statistical gauge of his abilities. Between his limited playing time in Utah and Boston, he made 10 of 15 3-point shots, a sizzling 67 percent.

During his ten-year career in the NBA, Maravich played in 658 games, averaging 24.2 points and 5.4 assists per contest. In 1985, the Jazz honored his contributions to the franchise by retiring his jersey #7. Two years later, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

NBA career statistics[link]

Regular season[link]

Playoffs[link]

Career highs[link]

40 point games[link]

Maravich scored 50 or more points six times and 40 or more points thirty-five times in the regular season. Maravich's career high in the playoffs was 37 points.

Top assist games[link]

Regular season[link]

Later life and death[link]

After the injury forced him to leave basketball in the fall of 1980, Maravich became a recluse for two years. Through it all, Maravich said he was searching "for life." He tried the practices of yoga and Hinduism, read Trappist monk Thomas Merton's The Seven Storey Mountain and took an interest in the field of ufology, the study of unidentified flying objects. He also explored vegetarianism and macrobiotics. Eventually, he embraced evangelical Christianity. A few years before his death, Maravich said, "I want to be remembered as a Christian, a person that serves Him [Jesus] to the utmost, not as a basketball player."^[18]

On January 5, 1988, Pete Maravich collapsed and died at age 40 of heart failure^[19] while playing in a pickup basketball game in the gym at a church in Pasadena, California, with a group that included James Dobson of Focus on the Family fame. Maravich had flown out from his home in Louisiana to tape a segment for Dobson's radio show that aired later that day. Dobson has said that Maravich's last words, less than a minute before he died, were "I feel great." An autopsy revealed the cause of death to be a rare congenital defect; he had been born with a missing left coronary artery, a vessel which supplies blood to the muscle fibers of the heart. His right coronary artery was grossly enlarged and had been compensating for the defect.^[20]

Maravich is buried at Resthaven Gardens of Memory and Mausoleum in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Legacy[link]

Pete Maravich was survived by his wife, Jackie, and his two sons Jaeson, who was 8 years old, and Josh, aged 5. Only the previous year, Pete had taken Jaeson to the 1987 NBA All-Star Game in Seattle, Washington, and introduced him to Michael Jordan.

Since Maravich's children were very young when he died, Jackie Maravich initially shielded them from unwanted media attention, not even allowing Jaeson and Josh to attend their father's funeral.^[21] However, a proclivity to basketball seemed to be an inherited trait. During a 2003 interview, Jaeson told USA Today that, when he was still only a toddler, "My dad passed me a (Nerf) basketball, and I've been hooked ever since... . My dad said I shot and missed, and I got mad and I kept shooting. He said his dad told him he did the same thing."^[22]

Despite some setbacks coping with their father's death and without the benefit his tutelage might have provided, each eventually was inspired to play high school and collegiate basketball; Josh at his father's alma mater, LSU.^[22][23]

Memorabilia[link]

Maravich's untimely death and mystique have made memorabilia associated with him among the most highly prized of any basketball collectibles. Game-used Maravich jerseys bring more money at auction than similar items from anybody other than George Mikan, with the most common items selling for $10,000 and up and a game-used LSU jersey selling for $94,300 in a 2001 Grey Flannel auction.^[24] The signed game ball from his career-high 68 point night on February 25, 1977 sold for $131,450 in a 2009 Heritage auction.^[25]

Honors, books, films and music[link]

• In 1987, roughly a year before his death, Maravich co-authored an autobiography titled Heir to a Dream, that devoted much focus to his life after retirement from basketball and his later devotion to Christianity.
• After Maravich's death, Louisiana Governor Buddy Roemer signed a proclamation officially renaming the LSU home court the Pete Maravich Assembly Center.
• In 1991, a biographical film dramatizing his 8th grade season entitled, The Pistol: The Birth of a Legend, was released.^[26]
• In 1996, he was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History by a panel made up of NBA historians, players, and coaches. He was the only deceased player on the list. At the 1997 All-Star Game in Cleveland, he was represented by his two sons at halftime.
• In 2001, a comprehensive 90-minute documentary film debuted on CBS entitled, Pistol Pete: The Life and Times of Pete Maravich.
• In 2005, ESPNU named Maravich the greatest college basketball player of all time.
• In 2007, two biographies of Maravich were released: MARAVICH by Wayne Federman and Marshall Terrill, and Pistol by Mark Kriegel
• The Ziggens, a band from Southern California, wrote a song about Maravich entitled "Pistol Pete".^[27]

Video game depictions[link]

• Is a legend in every NBA Live game made.
• In NBA Ballers with a flashback haircut.
• In NCAA March Madness as "LSU PG #12" on the All-Time LSU team.
• In NBA Street Vol. 2 and NBA Street V3
• In NBA Street Showdown
• In NBA 2K7, NBA 2K8, NBA 2K9, NBA 2K10, NBA 2K12 and NBA 08

Collegiate awards[link]

• The Sporting News College Player of the Year (1970)
• USBWA College Player of the Year (1969, 1970)
• Naismith Award Winner (1970)
• The Sporting News All-America First Team (1968, 1969, 1970)
• Three-time AP and UPI First-Team All-America (1968, 1969, 1970)
• Led the NCAA Division I in scoring with 43.8 ppg (1968); 44.2 (1969) and 44.5 ppg (1970)
• Averaged 43.6 ppg on the LSU freshman team (1967)
• Scored a career-high 69 points vs. Alabama (01970-02-07February 7, 1970); 66 vs. Tulane (01969-02-10February 10, 1969); 64 vs. Kentucky (01970-02-21February 21, 1970); 61 vs. Vanderbilt (01969-12-11December 11, 1969)
• Holds LSU records for most field goals made (26) and attempted (57) in a game against Vanderbilt on 01969-01-29January 29, 1969
• All-Southeastern Conference (1968, 1969, 1970)
• #23 Jersey retired by LSU (2007)
• In 1970, Maravich led LSU to a 20–8 record and a third place finish in the National Invitation Tournament

Collegiate records[link]

• Points, career: 3,667 (three seasons)
• Highest scoring average, points per game, career: 44.2 (3,667 points/83 games)
• Points, season: 1,381 (1970)
• Highest scoring average, points per game, season: 44.5 (1,381/31) (1970)
• Games scoring 50 or more points, career: 28
• Games scoring 50 or more points, season: 10 (1970)
• Field goals made, career: 1,387
• Field goals made, season: 522 (1970)
• Field goal attempts, career: 3,166
• Field goal attempts, season: 1,168 (1970)
• Free throws made, game: 30 (in 31 attempts), vs. Oregon State, 01969-12-22December 22, 1969

• Tied by Ben Woodside, North Dakota State, on 02008-12-06December 6, 2008^[28]

NBA awards[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

• NBA All-Rookie Team
• All-NBA First Team (1976, 1977)
• All-NBA Second Team (1973, 1978)
• Five-time NBA All-Star (1973, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1979)
• Led the league in scoring (31.1 ppg) in 1977, his career best
• Scored a career-high 68 points against the New York Knicks on Feb. 25, 1977
• #7 jersey retired by the Utah Jazz (1985)
• #7 jersey retired by the Superdome (1988)
• NBA 50th Anniversary All-Time Team (1996)
• #7 jersey retired by the New Orleans Hornets (2002), even though he never played for them—one of only four players to have a number retired by a team they did not play for.

NBA records[link]

Free throws made, quarter: 14, Pete Maravich, third quarter, Atlanta Hawks vs. Buffalo Braves, 01973-11-28November 28, 1973

• Broken by Vince Carter on 02005-12-23December 23, 2005^[29]

Free throw attempts, quarter: 16, Pete Maravich, second quarter, Atlanta Hawks at Chicago Bulls, 01973-01-02January 2, 1973

• Broken by Ben Wallace on 02005-12-11December 11, 2005^[30]

Second pair of teammates in NBA history to score 2,000 or more points in a season: 2, Atlanta Hawks (1972–73)
Maravich: 2,063
Lou Hudson: 2,029

Third pair of teammates in NBA history to score 40 or more points in the same game: New Orleans Jazz vs. Denver Nuggets, 01977-04-10April 10, 1977
Maravich: 45
Nate Williams: 41
David Thompson of the Denver Nuggets also scored 40 points in this game.

Ranks 4th in NBA history — Free throws made, none missed, game: 18—18, Pete Maravich, Atlanta Hawks vs. Buffalo Braves, 01973-11-28November 28, 1973

Ranks 5th in NBA history — Free throws made, game: 23, Pete Maravich, New Orleans Jazz vs. New York Knicks, 01975-10-26October 26, 1975 (2 OT)

See also[link]

• List of individual National Basketball Association scoring leaders by season
• List of National Basketball Association players with most points in a game
• List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 60 or more points in a game
• List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season scoring leaders
• List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career scoring leaders
• List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career free throw scoring leaders

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Berger, Phil (1999). Forever Showtime: The Checkered Life of Pistol Pete Maravich. Taylor Trade. ISBN 0-87833-237-5. 
• Federman, Wayne and Terrill, Marshall (2007). Maravich. SportClassic Books. ISBN 1-894963-52-0. 
• Federman, Wayne and Terrill, Marshall (2008). Pete Maravich: The Authorized Biography of Pistol Pete. Focus on the Family/Tyndale House Publishers. ISBN 1-58997-535-9. 
• Gutman, Bill (1972). Pistol Pete Maravich: The making of a basketball superstar. Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN 0-448-01973-6. 
• Kriegel, Mark (2007). Pistol: The Life of Pete Maravich. Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-8497-6. 
• Maravich, Pete and Campbell, Darrel (1987). Heir To A Dream. Nashville: Thomas Nelson. ISBN 0-8407-7609-8. 
• Towle, Mike (2000). I Remember Pete Maravich. Nashville: Cumberland House. ISBN 1-58182-148-4. 
• Towle, Mike (2003). Pete Maravich: Magician of the Hardwood. Nashville: Cumberland House. ISBN 1-58182-374-6. 
• Brown, Danny (2008).Shooting the Pistol: Courtside Photographs of Pete Maravich at LSU .Louisiana State University Press ISBN 978-0-8071-3327-9

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Pete Maravich

• Pete Maravich Official Site
• NBA Historical Bio
• Video: Pistol Pete Maravich 68-point game shot-by-shot
• ESPN bio
• Pete Maravich Memorial at Find A Grave
• Pete Maravich's Greatest Achievement
• Pete Maravich Bio LSU Tigers Athletics