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Albemarle Sound
Albemarle Sound is a large estuary on the coast of North Carolina in the United States located at the confluence of a group of rivers, including the Chowan and Roanoke. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Outer Banks, a long barrier peninsula upon which the town of Kitty Hawk is located, at the eastern edge of the sound. Roanoke Island is situated at the southeastern corner of the sound, where it connects to Pamlico Sound. Much of the water in the Albemarle Sound is brackish or fresh, as opposed to the saltwater of the ocean, as a result of river water pouring into the sound.
http://wn.com/Albemarle_Sound -
Caribbean
The CaribbeanPronounced or . Both pronunciations are equally valid; indeed, they see equal use even within areas of the Caribbean itself. Cf. Royal Caribbean, which stresses the second syllable. In this case, as a proper noun, those who would normally pronounce it a different way may use the pronunciation associated with the noun when referring to it. More generic nouns such as the Caribbean Community are generally referred to using the speaker's preferred pronunciation.; Dutch ; or more commonly Antilles is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (most of which enclose the sea), and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and North America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America.
http://wn.com/Caribbean -
Chowan River
The Chowan River is a blackwater river formed with the merging of Virginia's Blackwater and Nottoway rivers near the stateline between Virginia and North Carolina. According to the USGS a variant name is Choan River.
http://wn.com/Chowan_River -
Florida
Florida () is a state of the United States. It is located in the Southeastern United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the north. Much of the state's land mass is a large peninsula with the Gulf of Mexico to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Caribbean to the south. Florida was admitted as the 27th U.S. state in 1845, after a three hundred year period of European colonization.
http://wn.com/Florida -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Hatteras Island
Hatteras Island is a barrier island located off the North Carolina coast. Dividing the Atlantic Ocean and the Pamlico Sound, it runs parallel to the coast, forming a bend at Cape Hatteras. It is part of North Carolina's Outer Banks and includes the towns of Rodanthe, Waves, Salvo, Avon, Buxton, Frisco, and Hatteras. It contains the largest part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore. It is almost entirely in Dare County, North Carolina, but there is a very small sliver of about which extends southwest into Hyde County.
http://wn.com/Hatteras_Island -
Jamestown Colony
http://wn.com/Jamestown_Colony -
Jamestown, Virginia
Jamestown, located, on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14, 1607. It is the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States of America, following several earlier failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke. It was founded by the London Company (later to become the Virginia Company), headquartered in London. Within a year of Jamestown's foundation, the Company brought Polish and Dutch colonists to help improve the settlement. Located in James City County when it was formed in 1634 as one of the original eight shires of Virginia, Jamestown was the capital of the Colony for 83 years, from 1616 until 1699. At that time, the capital was relocated to Middle Plantation, about distant. (That small community, which had also become home to the new College of William and Mary in 1693, was renamed Williamsburg in 1699). The London Company's second settlement, Bermuda, claims the oldest town in the English New World, as St. George's, Bermuda was officially established (as New London) in 1612, where James Fort, in Virginia, is said not to have been converted into Jamestown until 1619. Jamestown ceased to exist as a settlement after the transfer of Virginia's capital to Williamsburg in 1699, existing, today, only as archaeological remains, whereas St. George's has continued in use throughout.
http://wn.com/Jamestown_Virginia -
Kingdom of England
http://wn.com/Kingdom_of_England -
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London -
New York
New York (; locally or ) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the north and west, and Quebec to the north. New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
http://wn.com/New_York -
Norfolk, Virginia
Norfolk ( or ) is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. With a population of 237,764 as of the 2000 census, it is Virginia's second-largest city behind neighboring Virginia Beach.
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Virginia -
North Carolina
North Carolina () is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the Southern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte. North Carolina is now ranked as one of the top 3 leading States for Green Technology, Bio-Chemical Engineering, Medical Sciences, and Computer Engineering through the long-range research and development programs of Research Triangle Park (RTP), UNC Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State .
http://wn.com/North_Carolina -
Outer Banks
The Outer Banks (also known as OBX) is a 200-mile (320-km) long string of narrow barrier islands off the coast of North Carolina, beginning in the southeastern corner of Virginia Beach on the east coast of the United States.
http://wn.com/Outer_Banks -
Oxford University
http://wn.com/Oxford_University -
Pamlico River
The Pamlico River is a tidal river that flows into Pamlico Sound, in North Carolina in the United States of America. It is formed by the confluence of the Tar River and Tranters Creek.
http://wn.com/Pamlico_River -
Pine Beach
http://wn.com/Pine_Beach -
Plymouth
Plymouth () is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England, about south-west of London. It is built between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967 the City of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock, which are on the east side of the River Plym.
http://wn.com/Plymouth -
Puerto Rico
http://wn.com/Puerto_Rico -
Roanoke Island
Roanoke Island is an island in Dare County near the coast of North Carolina, United States. It was named after the historical Roanoke Carolina Algonquian people who inhabited the area in the 16th century at the time of English exploration.
http://wn.com/Roanoke_Island -
Sewell's Point
'''Sewell's Point''' is a peninsula of land in the independent city of Norfolk, Virginia in the United States, located at the mouth of the salt-water port of Hampton Roads. Sewell's Point is bordered by water on three sides, with Willoughby Bay to the north, Hampton Roads to the west, and the Lafayette River to the south. It is the site of Naval Station Norfolk.
http://wn.com/Sewell's_Point -
South Carolina
South Carolina () is a state in the United States that borders Georgia to the south and North Carolina to the north. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence from the British Crown during the American Revolution. The colony was originally named by British King Charles II in honor of his father Charles I of England, as Carolus is Latin for Charles. South Carolina was the first state to vote to secede from the Union and was the founding state of the Confederate States of America. According to an estimate by the United States Census Bureau, the state's population in 2009 was 4,561,242 and ranked 24th among the U.S. states. South Carolina contains 46 counties and its capital is Columbia.
http://wn.com/South_Carolina -
Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain -
Tar River
The Tar River is a river that is approximately 346 kilometers (215 miles) long, of northeast North Carolina flowing generally southeast to an estuary of Pamlico Sound. The Tar River becomes the tidal Pamlico River once it underpasses the U.S. Highway 17 Bridge in Washington, North Carolina.
http://wn.com/Tar_River -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia () is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" because it is the birthplace of eight U.S. presidents. The geography and climate of the state are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city and Fairfax County the most populous political subdivision. The state population is nearly eight million.
http://wn.com/Virginia -
Virginia Beach
Virginia Beach is an independent city located in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area of Virginia, on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. Although Fairfax County is the most populous jurisdiction, Virginia Beach is the most populous city in Virginia and the 41st largest city in the United States, with an estimated population of 440,415 in 2008.
http://wn.com/Virginia_Beach -
Virginia Peninsula
The Virginia Peninsula is a peninsula in southeast Virginia, USA, bounded by the York River, James River, Hampton Roads and Chesapeake Bay.
http://wn.com/Virginia_Peninsula
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Abhay and Rani Bang
Abhay Bang () (Born 1950), Rani Bang () (Born 1951) are Indian social activists working on community health in Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra. They have founded SEARCH (Society For Education, Action and Research In Community Health) - a non-profit organization in Gadchiroli.
http://wn.com/Abhay_and_Rani_Bang
Search
"World Securities", an international high-tech private investigation company, employs field operatives who are aided by implanted audio receivers and who carry tiny cameras and telemetry units which can be attached to tie tacks or rings. Each episode featured one of three (O'Brian, Franciosa, McClure) agents on a particular investigation, which usually had political elements. Meredith played the "director" of the investigations, as leader of the expert team who remained at headquarters monitoring and providing the agent with intelligence. Other experts included a computer hacker (such as they were portrayed in the early 70's), someone fluent as a translator in several languages, and a doctor.
Cast
- Hugh O'Brian
- Doug McClure
- Anthony Franciosa
- Burgess Meredith
- Tom Hallick
- Pamela Jones
- Tony De Costa
- Albert Popwell
- Amy Farrell
- Angel Tompkins
- Byron Chung
- Ron Castro
- David Gilliam
- Sebastian Cabot
- Season 1
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Episode 1: The Murrow Disappearance
USA...
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Episode 2: One of Our Probes Is Missing
USA...
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Episode 3: Short Circuit
USA...
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Episode 4: Moonrock
USA...
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Episode 5: Live Men Tell Tales
The title comes from the proverb among thieves that "Dead men tell no tales."...
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Episode 6: Operation Iceman
USA...
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Episode 7: The Bullet
USA...
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Episode 8: In Search of Midas
The title refers to in Greek mythology, King Midas remembered for his ability to turn everything he ...
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Episode 9: The Adonis File
USA...
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Episode 10: Flight to Nowhere
USA...
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Episode 11: The Gold Machine
USA...
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Episode 12: Let Us Prey
USA...
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Episode 13: A Honeymoon to Kill
USA...
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Episode 14: The Twenty-four Carat Hit
Final appearance of 'Wally Cox (I)' (qv)....
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Episode 14: The 24 Carat Hit
- Episode 15: Numbered for Death
USA...- Episode 16: Countdown to Panic
USA...- Episode 17: The Clayton Lewis Document
USA...- Episode 18: Goddess of Destruction
Per the title, the Hindo deity Mahakali is the goddess of destruction....- Episode 19: The Mattson Papers
USA...- Episode 20: Moment of Madness
USA...- Episode 21: Ends of the Earth
USA...- Episode 22: Suffer My Child
The title refers to the traditional biblical passage "Suffer the little children to come unto me," b...- Episode 23: The Packagers
Last show of the series....
Search
Cast
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Episode : Interview Room
UK:2001...
- Episode 15: Numbered for Death
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Like the Way (You Funk with Me)
- Is It Love (For Now)
- Peanut Butter and Jam
- Get Up Off Your (Assets)
- Do You Still Love Me
- Missing You
- A Song for Carrie
- Like the Way You Funk With Me (12” instrumental)
- Missing You (12” version)
- Peanut Butter and Jam (7” version)
- Selepas Banjir
- Setanggi Ranjang Malam
- Cinta Ku Karya Tuhan
- Millenium Sakral
- Pergilah
- Cadar Tak Berganti
- Zingaro Blues
- Jaga-Jaga
- Panakea
- Kejoraku Bersatu
- Diari Habil & Qabil
- Pawana
- Pelesit Kota
- Seroja
- Gelora Cintaku
- Isi Atau Kulit
- Rock 'n' Roll Pie
- Medley Hits: Isabella / Fenomena / Meniti Titian Usang / Kejora / Gadisku / Rozana / Fantasia Bulan Nadu
- Pasti
- Panggung Khayalan
- Seroja
- Rock & Roll Pie
- Melintasi Batas
- Satu Bangsa, Satu Arah
- Kereta Merah
- Mengundur Waktu
- Diari Habil & Qabil
- Nantikan Gerimis
- Mata Kucing
- Laila Namamu Teratas
- Cintaku Hilang Bisanya
- Menuju Puncak
- Hello Kawan
- Pinball Superhero
- Honky Tong Kosong
- Jeritan Rindu
- Roket
- Bersalah Atau Tidak
- No Way!!!
- Andai Ku Miliki Semalam
- Setelah Hujan
- Fantasia Bulan Madu
- Isabella
- Nigina
- Seribu Satu Natijah
- Teguh
- Melayar Bahtera
- Bisa
- Malam
- Asli dan Tulus
- Kau Pergi
- Mentari Merah di Ufuk Timur
- Meniti Titian Usang
- Kau Kan Tahu
- Neo Romantik
- Asli Dan Tulus
- Berbagai Wajah
- Metropolitan
- Analogi 0.1
- Feel the Pain
- Nigina
- Sederhana
- Bertopeng Cinta
- Nirmala
- Melastik Ke Bintang
- Melayar Bahtera
- Orang Timur
- Dunia Milik Kita
- Emanuelle
- Memandu Nafsu
- Teguh
- Manusia Reptilia
- Paranoid
- Orait Mama
- Sutera Atau Rayon
- Fenomena
- Purnama
- Isabella
- Derap Komando
- Ku Taklukkan Dunia
- Menara Kesesatan
- Bencana
- Pawana
- Songsang
- Gadis Misteri
- Pelesit Kota
- Fantasia Bulan Madu
- Gelora Cintamu
- Gadisku
- Bunga Pesona
- Pembakar Perasaan
- Sebatang Tongkat Untuk Berdiri
- Serigala Segalanya
- Mat Rock
- Mentari Merah Di Ufuk Timur
- Musnah
- Meniti Titian Usang
- Langit Dan Bumi
- Rozana
- Tumbuk Rusuk
- Pasti
- Bisa
- Mencari Sebuah Nama
- Pada Satu Kedudukan
- Kau Pergi
- Isi Atau Julit
- Cinta Buatan Malaysia
- Cinta Sepi
- Cinta Pertama
- Sirih Gambir
- Belada Pemuzik Jalanan
- Kejora
- Nombor
- Jiwa-Jiwa Luka
- Musafir
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
In Search Of : Bigfoot (Season 1 Episode 5)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:07
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Original air date 4-27-1977 Bigfoot: An evaluation of giant footprints and other evidence that some believe prove that the half-man, half-animal creature really exists.
http://wn.com/In_Search_Of_Bigfoot_Season_1_Episode_5
4.23-Glenn Miller-In Search Of...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:11
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
In Search Of...Glenn Miller: An inquiry into why the mysterious death of the great musician was never investigated, and a possible military coverup. Leonard Nimoy narrates. Original broadcast: 7 March 1980.
http://wn.com/423-Glenn_Miller-In_Search_Of
4-06 In Search Of The Lost Colony of Roanoke (Part 1 of 2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:29
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Season 4 Episode 6 Part 1 Hosted by Leonard Nimoy and broadcast weekly from 1976 to 1982, In Search Of... is the greatest mystery documentary show ever. I grew up watching this show, enjoying the spine-tingling presentation of quasi-fact and dramatic synthesizer-heavy music of Rinder and Lewis. I am not selling this material, neither am I interested in buying bootlegs. It is currently commercially unavailable, so I am joining with others to make evaluation of this excellent series possible. Check my subscriptions to find users with more episodes, and drop me a note if you have posted any "new" ones. Thanks for watching!
http://wn.com/4-06_In_Search_Of_The_Lost_Colony_of_Roanoke_Part_1_of_2
In Search Of: The Dark Star ( Where did the Dogon get their knowledge from )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:35
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Take a journey to an ancient african tribe who described the star Sirius B a long long time ago.. the only thing is... Sirius B is not able to be seen by the naked eye.. yet the Dogun knew it and said that is where their Gods came from who gave them this knowledge.. so who were their Gods??...
http://wn.com/In_Search_Of_The_Dark_Star_Where_did_the_Dogon_get_their_knowledge_from_
In Search of Diamonds (Minecraft / Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
♪ iTunes: goo.gl | ♪ Amazon: goo.gl My other music: soundcloud.com Written and performed by Eric Fullerton ● twitter.com ● youtube.com ● www.facebook.com ► Listen to the "Blocky Mix" www.youtube.com ► "Blocky Mix" is on iTunes: bit.ly & Amazon: goo.gl Feel free to remix...
http://wn.com/In_Search_of_Diamonds_Minecraft_Music_Video
(Leonard Nimoy) In Search Of.. **Atlantis** (Season 1 Episode 10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:11
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Atlantis: Explores the possibility that 14 huge stone buildings beneath the waters of the Bahamas, and a 2000 year old computer part, are part of the lost empire of Atlantis.
http://wn.com/Leonard_Nimoy_In_Search_Of_**Atlantis**_Season_1_Episode_10
Search & Wings - Gemuruh
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:53
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
at AIM...
http://wn.com/Search_Wings_Gemuruh
Isabella (SEARCH Live concert 2004)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:26
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Concert by Malaysian's evergreen rock band SEARCH at Merdeka Stadium 2004.. 20 years in the music scenes..
http://wn.com/Isabella_SEARCH_Live_concert_2004
In Search Of Ancient Astronauts (1973) (Part 1 of 6)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:56
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
The documentary that started the entire In Search Of series; In Search of Ancient Astronauts (1973). Based on the book Chariots of the Gods by Erich von Däniken, narrated by Rod Serling. Related Links: In Search of... en.wikipedia.org Ancient astronaut theories en.wikipedia.org Vimana (ufos in Hindu scripture) en.wikipedia.org UFOs in the Bible (video) www.youtube.com Ancient Alien Architects Pt 1 (video) www.youtube.com Sigils, Magick, and the Ancient Alien Torah by Steve Willner (video) www.youtube.com Skeptics take on ancient astronaut theory www.debunker.com
http://wn.com/In_Search_Of_Ancient_Astronauts_1973_Part_1_of_6
1-15 In Search Of... Amelia Earhart (Part 1 of 3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
Season 1 Episode 15 Part 1 Hosted by Leonard Nimoy and broadcast weekly from 1976 to 1982, In Search Of... is the greatest mystery documentary show ever. I grew up watching this show, enjoying the spine-tingling presentation of quasi-fact and dramatic synthesizer-heavy music of Rinder and Lewis. I am not selling this material, neither am I interested in buying bootlegs. It is currently commercially unavailable, so I am joining with others to make evaluation of this excellent series possible. I'm posting these videos to fill some gaps left by recently suspended users (from whom I downloaded these). Check my subscriptions to find users with more episodes, and drop me a note if you have posted any "new" ones. Thanks for watching!
http://wn.com/1-15_In_Search_Of_Amelia_Earhart_Part_1_of_3
In Search Of Myths and Heroes - Jason and the Golden Fleece
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:59
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
For More Great Documentaries please visit www.DocumentaryList.NET and support the site In this series, Michael Wood goes in search of four of the world's most famous myths. These gripping adventures take the viewer to some of the most extraordinary places on earth, exploring stories that have captivated the world for thousands of years. The Queen Of Sheba Jason And The Golden Fleece Shangri-La King Arthur
http://wn.com/In_Search_Of_Myths_and_Heroes_Jason_and_the_Golden_Fleece
In Flames - In Search for I
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
8th song on the album Soundtrack to Your Escape by In Flames
http://wn.com/In_Flames_In_Search_for_I
How does Google search work?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:45
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Hi Matt, could you please explain how Google's ranking and website evaluation process works starting with the crawling and analysis of a site, crawling timelines, frequencies, priorities, indexing and filtering processes within the databases etc. RobertvH, Munich Have a question? Ask it in our Webmaster Help Forum: productforums.google.com Read publications by Googlers: research.google.com "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine": research.google.com Get hired and learn even more: www.google.com Want your question to be answered on a video like this? Follow us on Twitter and look for an announcement when we take new questions: twitter.com More videos: www.youtube.com Webmaster Central Blog: googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com Webmaster Central: www.google.com
http://wn.com/How_does_Google_search_work?
In Search Of Intro (1981)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:44
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
US TV series In Search Of Introduction.
http://wn.com/In_Search_Of_Intro_1981
Montgomery Clift - The Search (1948) 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:56
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
Steve (Montgomery Clift) meets the refugee boy for the first time. This film is property of Warner Bros. No copyright infringement is intended.
http://wn.com/Montgomery_Clift_The_Search_1948_2
Our World - In Search of a Lost Princess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 74:50
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Popular belief has it that Anastasia Romanov escaped the assassination when the rest of the Imperial Family was murdered during the Russian Revolution. The grandchildren of a South African woman claimed that their deceased grandmother was the Grand Duchess of Russia. She was presumed to be Anastasia. They claimed she escaped and lived out her life in fear and hiding as a commoner in South Africa. After exhuming the woman's remains from a secret grave, we took the remains to four universities including Oxford to prove their claim. Astonishingly the results concluded that is was not Anastasia who escaped the revolutionaries' bullets but her sister Maria. A multi award winning documentary
http://wn.com/Our_World_In_Search_of_a_Lost_Princess
How Search Works
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:15
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
www.google.com | The life span of a Google query is less then 1/2 second, and involves quite a few steps before you see the most relevant results. Here's how it all works.
http://wn.com/How_Search_Works
In Search Of Myths and Heroes - King Arthur
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:06
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
For more great documentaries visit www.DocumentaryList.NET and support the site
http://wn.com/In_Search_Of_Myths_and_Heroes_King_Arthur
Google Search Tricks and Tips Tutorial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:38
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Use Google as your: - Online Dictionary with define:word - calculator for formulas and conversions - World Time - Local Movie Showtimes - Search for Music files using: -inurl:(htm|html|php) intitle:"index of" +"last modified" +"parent directory" +description +size +(wma|mp3) "title here" If you like the video please rate, comment, or add to favorites. It is an amazingly easy way to help me out :). If not its cool! OFFICIAL PCWizKid WEBSITE: PCWizKidsTechTalk.com SECOND CHANNEL www.youtube.com PCWizKid's Blog.: PCWizKid.blogspot.com FOLLOW ME ON TWITTER www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/Google_Search_Tricks_and_Tips_Tutorial
In Search of Diamonds - Blocky Mix (Minecraft Machinima)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
www.youtube.com Click here to watch ICTON Adventures in Minecraft - New Ictonington Part 1 (Minecraft Machinima) In Search of Diamonds - Blocky Mix (Minecraft Machinima) Join me on a journey to find diamonds. This remix and the original song were written and performed by Eric Fullerton. www.youtube.com Click here for the original song DIRECTOR'S CHANNEL: www.youtube.com DIRECTOR'S TWITTER: twitter.com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Follow Machinima on Twitter! Machinima twitter.com Inside Gaming twitter.com Machinima Respawn twitter.com Machinima Entertainment, Technology, Culture twitter.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com TAGS: machinima minecraft music song diamonds searching lyrics kratos "god of war" castle kangaroo whale grail pirate ship sail pyramid dumbledore zombie spider ride pig yt:quality=high
http://wn.com/In_Search_of_Diamonds_Blocky_Mix_Minecraft_Machinima
The Stooges - Search And Destroy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
Song: Search And Destroy Band: The Stooges Album: Raw Power Year: 1973 Genre: Proto-Punk Lyrics: I'm a street walking cheetah with a heart full of napalm I'm a runaway son of the nuclear A-bomb I am a world's forgotten boy The one who searches and destroys Honey gotta help me please Somebody gotta save my soul Baby detonate for me Look out honey, 'cause I'm using technology Ain't got time to make no apology Soul radiation in the dead of night Love in the middle of a fire fight Honey gotta strike me blind Somebody gotta save my soul Baby penerate my mind And I'm the world's forgotten boy The one who's searchin', searchin' to destroy And honey I'm the world's forgotten boyt The one who's searchin', searchin' to destroy Forgotten boy, forgotten boy Forgotten boy said hey forgotten boy
http://wn.com/The_Stooges_Search_And_Destroy
In Search of History - The Aztec Empire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 42:56
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
FOR MORE GREAT DOCUMENTARIES GO TO www.DocumentaryList.NET and support the site Thanks Join leading scholars as they chart the Aztec empire's rise and fall in this authoritative profile of one of the world's most intriguing civilizations. The program examines how the society eventually dominated ancient America and how the Spanish vanquished the mighty Aztecs in a matter of months. Aztec influences on contemporary Mexico are discussed, and exciting new discoveries are revealed at the Great Temple of Tenochtitlán excavation site.
http://wn.com/In_Search_of_History_The_Aztec_Empire
Miike Snow - In Search Of
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
To Buy www.amazon.com Here's to living long enough to be forgiven for the bones I broke... I had to make a living! But we won't back down from anything in search of a remedy. No, we won't back down from anything in search of a remedy. Father put his foot down on my games forever, so in the marketplace I stay calm and clever. And we won't back down from anything in search of a remedy. No, we won't back down from anything in search of a remedy. (x2)
http://wn.com/Miike_Snow_In_Search_Of
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Parisian Love
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
An American finds love in Paris. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
http://wn.com/Parisian_Love
Toy Story: The Discovery
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Andy's going to college. The toys are nervous. In the meantime, they discover Google. Watch the trailer at www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_FfHA5wh.
http://wn.com/Toy_Story_The_Discovery
Healthy Habits
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A woman takes up healthier habits. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories at www.youtube.com/searchstories
http://wn.com/Healthy_Habits
New Baby
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A dad adjusts to becoming a new father. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
http://wn.com/New_Baby
Brother and Sister
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:54
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A brother and sister grow up together. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
http://wn.com/Brother_and_Sister
Dog
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A reluctant owner adopts a stray and gets more than he bargained for.
Search On.
Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
http://wn.com/Dog
Graduation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A mother from Vietnam moves to America to provide the best for her son. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
http://wn.com/Graduation
Father and Daughter
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A hardworking father makes time to be a good dad to his little girl. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
http://wn.com/Father_and_Daughter
Search story: get ready for south africa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The world prepares for the big games that lie ahead. Are you ready for it?
http://wn.com/Search_story_get_ready_for_south_africa
Search Story: Ole
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
It's football time. 32 teams battling for glory, but only one can come out on top.
http://wn.com/Search_Story_Ole
Search Stories Video Creator
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:57
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The history of storytelling gets a new chapter. Use Google searches to tell your story.
Create your own at https://searchstories-intl.appspot.com/en-us/creator/
http://wn.com/Search_Stories_Video_Creator
Winter Games
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A young dreamer experiences the thrill of the winter games through Google Street View's newest feature. (Screen images accelerated to 10-yr-old imagination speed.)
Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
http://wn.com/Winter_Games
High School
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A girl works to fit in. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
http://wn.com/High_School
Potholes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A resident works to fix his town's roads. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
http://wn.com/Potholes
Newbie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A grandmother embraces technology. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://www.youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
http://wn.com/Newbie
Toy Story "The Discovery" - Close Captioned (CC)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Andy's going to college. The toys are nervous. In the meantime, they discover Google. Watch the trailer at www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_FfHA5wh.
Search On.
Close captioned version
http://wn.com/Toy_Story_The_Discovery_Close_Captioned_CC
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Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 1 of 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Special_DNA_Mysteries_Search_For_Adam_1_of_5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 2 of 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 2 of 5
http://wn.com/Special_DNA_Mysteries_Search_For_Adam_2_of_5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 3 of 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 3 of 5
http://wn.com/Special_DNA_Mysteries_Search_For_Adam_3_of_5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 4 of 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 4 of 5
http://wn.com/Special_DNA_Mysteries_Search_For_Adam_4_of_5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 5 of 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 5 of 5
http://wn.com/Special_DNA_Mysteries_Search_For_Adam_5_of_5
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How to remove Babylon main menu opening video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
how to remove Babylon tool-bar from your favourite web browser, simply choose your browser and watch the all how to remove Babylon from Firefox, internet explorer and Google chrome video tutorial.
To remove the registry left from the malware application and prevent it from coming back, you also need a registry cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Please post your comments below if it works or not.
How to use the registry cleaner scan fix and remove software.
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free.
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Thanks
Jose
http://marketingvideodiy.com/how-to-remove-the-babylon-tool-bar-from-internet-explorer/
Copyright notice.
All rights, including copyright, in the content of these video web pages are owned or controlled for these purposes by Jose Nunes and kip marketing.com.
Content Creatotor: Producer: Jose Nunes
Some content that may be showing on this production work was being broadcast in a public place/domain at the time of the production.
Any content claims should be addressed to Jose Nunes at kipmarketing.com
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Jose Nunes.
Further reproduction without permission prohibited.
Electronic signature:
Jose Nunes
http://www.marketingvideodiy.com/
http://wn.com/How_to_remove_Babylon_main_menu_opening_video
How to remove babylon search toolbar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
how to remove babylon search toolbar if is it mozilla firefox, once you made sure that it's gone from the "add/remove programs" go into firefox, click on "tools", and look for "add-ons." See if the BAbylon Toolbar is still in there, there should be an "uninstall" button under Babylon. Click on uninstall and follow the prompts.. the uninstall should complete itself once you relaunch firefox.
How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar blog post: http://marketingvideodiy.com/how-to-uninstall-the-babylon-toolbar/
Microsoft Security Essentials is free* and we designed it to be simple to install and easy to use. It runs quietly and efficiently in the background so you don't have to worry about interruptions or making updates.
Use Microsoft Security Essentials to guard against viruses, spyware, and other evil software. It provides real-time protection for your home or small business PCs.
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/products/security-essentials
You also need a registered cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
https://secure.avangate.com/affiliate.php?ACCOUNT=ONLMETEC&AFFILIATE;=3949&PATH;=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avs4you.com
Please post your comment below if it works or not.
How to use the registered cleaner scan fix and remove software.
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free. http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Thanks
Jose
Copyright notice.
All rights, including copyright, in the content of these video web pages are owned or controlled for these purposes by Jose Nunes and www.marketingvideodiy.com.
Content Creator: Producer: Jose Nunes
Some content that may be showing on this production work was being broadcast in a public place/domain at the time of the production.
Any content claims should be addressed to Jose Nunes at kipmarketing.com
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Jose Nunes.
Further reproduction without permission prohibited.
Electronic signature:
Jose Nunes
http://www.marketingvideodiy.com/
http://wn.com/How_to_remove_babylon_search_toolbar
How to remove babylon from firefox
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
How to remove babylon from firefox step by step video tutorial will show you how to completely remove babylon toolbar from firefox and restore it to its original settings and clean the malware from your computer.
This video was created by Jose Nunes From Kip Marketing.com to help you remove babylon from your pc.
To remove the registry left from the malware application and prevent it from coming back, you also need a registry cleaner scan fix and remove. AVS http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Please post your comments below if it works or not.
How to use the registry cleaner scan fix and remove software.
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free.
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Thanks
Jose Nunes
http://myonlinevideoblog.blogspot.com/
http://wn.com/How_to_remove_babylon_from_firefox
How to remove babylon from internet explorer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
How to remove babylon from internet explorer and from my entire computer... Babylon Search hijacked my computer and I cannot get rid of it. It is neither in Add/Remove Programe nor elsewhere. How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar blog post: http://marketingvideodiy.com/how-to-uninstall-the-babylon-toolbar/ and How to remove babylon videos list.
To remove the registry left from the malware application and prevent it from coming back, you also need a registry cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Link to Internet Explorer 9: http://goo.gl/xSIzn
Please post your comments below if it works or not.
How to use the registry cleaner scan fix and remove software.
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free.
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Use this link to find us on G+ where we can use screen sharing to help you remove the malware: https://plus.google.com/u/0/102244294949592302731/posts
Thanks
Jose
My Online Video marketing site :http://marketingvideoyoutube.com/
http://wn.com/How_to_remove_babylon_from_internet_explorer
How to remove babylon from Google chrome
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
How to remove babylon from Google chrome step by step video tutorial will show you how to completely remove babylon toolbar from Google chrome and restore it to its original settings and clean the malware from your computer.
How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar blog post: http://marketingvideodiy.com/how-to-uninstall-the-babylon-toolbar/
This video was created by Jose Nunes From MarketingVideoDiy.com to help you remove babylon from your pc.
To remove the registry left from the malware application and prevent it from coming back, you also need a registry cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Please post your comments below if it works or not.
How to use the registry cleaner scan fix and remove software.
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free.
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Thanks
Jose
www.MarketingVideoDiy.com
http://wn.com/How_to_remove_babylon_from_Google_chrome
How to Remove babylon search toolbar Updated
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Remove babylon search toolbar update this update will help you set google as your default home page for search toolbar Update. How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar blog post: http://marketingvideodiy.com/how-to-uninstall-the-babylon-toolbar/ and How to remove babylon videos list.
You also need a registered cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Please post your comment below if it works or not.
How to use the registered cleaner scan fix and remove software.
Please check back again soon or subscribe to email updates Below.
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free. http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Thanks
Jose
http://marketingvideodiy.com
http://wn.com/How_to_Remove_babylon_search_toolbar_Updated
How to Remove Malware using AVS Registry Cleaner
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
How to Remove Malware using AVS Registry Cleaner step by step video tutorial, I will be showing you where the Babylon files are, how to pre-remove them before scanning your system with AVS registry cleaner software.
At the end, I will also show you how install a clean copy of Firefox so you can see how the software works.
Here is the link to AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
Microsoft Security Essentials is free* and we designed it to be simple to install and easy to use. It runs quietly and efficiently in the background so you don't have to worry about interruptions or making updates.
Use Microsoft Security Essentials to guard against viruses, spyware, and other evil software. It provides real-time protection for your home or small business PCs.
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/products/security-essentials
You also need a registered cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
https://secure.avangate.com/affiliate.php?ACCOUNT=ONLMETEC&AFFILIATE;=3949...
Thanks
Jose
http://www.marketingvideodiy.com
Copyright notice.
All rights, including copyright, in the content of these video web pages are owned or controlled for these purposes by Jose Nunes and kip marketing.com.
Content Creator: Producer: Jose Nunes
Some content that may be showing on this production work was being broadcast in a public place/domain at the time of the production.
Any content claims should be addressed to Jose Nunes at kipmarketing.com
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Jose Nunes.
Further reproduction without permission prohibited.
Electronic signature:
Jose Nunes
http://www.marketingvideodiy.com
http://wn.com/How_to_Remove_Malware_using_AVS_Registry_Cleaner
how to remove kiwee toolbar from windows vista
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:22
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.kiwee.com/platform/tb/install/direct.pd?c=GNKIW29195
how to remove kiwee toolbar from windows vista How can I remove the kiwee toolbar & its kiwee live search? It is not in my list of programs for uninstall. I'm using Vista 64 bit. Distributed by Tubemogul.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
how to remove kiwee
remove kiwee
Kiwee toolbar
http://wn.com/how_to_remove_kiwee_toolbar_from_windows_vista
How to Manage Search Engines in Google Chrome
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
How to manage search engines on the new Google chrome browser to remove Babylon search engine. Please note I have 7 more videos on my YouTube channel showing you how to remove Babylon. Here is the link to my channel, please comment, rate and subscribe. http://www.youtube.com/jnuness
http://wn.com/How_to_Manage_Search_Engines_in_Google_Chrome
How to Delete Cookies
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
How to delete cookies on internet explorer, Firefox and Google chrome, deleting cookies is quite simple when you know how, so in this how to video we will be looking at the top three most popular browsers on the web today, Internet Explorer, Firefox and Google Chrome. Deleting cookies from your browser helps in many ways including malware tracking and your privacy and keeps your system clean from virus.
http://www.youtube.com/user/jnuness?feature=mhee
http://wn.com/How_to_Delete_Cookies
How to Delete Cookies on Internet Explorer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
How to delete cookies on internet explorer. A short video giving you step by step instructions on how to get rid of cookies, which ultimately protect your privacy and frees up space on your system.
http://wn.com/How_to_Delete_Cookies_on_Internet_Explorer
How to delete cookies on google chrome
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:23
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
how to delete cookies on google chrome. An easy step by step guide on how get rid of cookies which will free up your system and protect your privacy.
http://wn.com/How_to_delete_cookies_on_google_chrome
How to delete cookies on Mozilla Firefox
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
How to delete cookies on Mozilla Firefox. It's quick and easy to get rid of cookies from your system. Follow the video and free up space on your system and protect your privacy.
http://wn.com/How_to_delete_cookies_on_Mozilla_Firefox
How to find your Google and AppData folder
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
How to find your Google and appdata folder on windows 7.
Go to start, click on control panel, next click on folder options, click view and select the radios to show all folders and files.
Please note before performing this step you must go to your control panel first and try to remove the programe from there first.
Here is a video showing how to do that: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=plcp or otherwise you end up corrupting your system.
After performing these steps remember to run a registry cleaner to remove orphan, corrupted and unused keys and files left from the unwanted program by using a trusted registry cleaner, it helps keep your system in a tip top condition and safe.
I personally use AVS registry cleaner: https://secure.avangate.com/affiliate.php?ACCOUNT=ONLMETEC&AFFILIATE;=3949
Please comment, rate and subscribe.
Regards
Jose Nunes
My YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/jnuness
My Website: http://www.marketingvideodiy.com/
http://wn.com/How_to_find_your_Google_and_AppData_folder
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Amy Search : Mata Kucing (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Amy Search : Mata Kucing (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Amy_Search_Mata_Kucing_HQ_Audio
Amy Search : Suatu Masa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Amy Search : Suatu Masa
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Amy_Search_Suatu_Masa
Amy Search : Yale Yale (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Amy Search : Yale Yale (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Amy_Search_Yale_Yale_HQ_Audio
Search & Awie : Bayangan Baiduri (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:19
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search & Awie : Bayangan Baiduri (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Awie_Bayangan_Baiduri_HQ_Audio
Search & Awie : Ghairah Malam 15 (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search & Awie : Ghairah Malam 15 (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57
]
http://wn.com/Search_Awie_Ghairah_Malam_15_HQ_Audio
Search & Awie : Kanta Biru (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search & Awie : Kanta Biru (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Awie_Kanta_Biru_HQ_Audio
Search & Awie : Mancis Dah Basah (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search & Awie : Mancis Dah Basah (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Awie_Mancis_Dah_Basah_HQ_Audio
Search & Awie : Mutiara Embun (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search & Awie : Mutiara Embun (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Awie_Mutiara_Embun_HQ_Audio
Search & Awie : Nur Nilam Sari (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search & Awie : Nur Nilam Sari (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57
]
http://wn.com/Search_Awie_Nur_Nilam_Sari_HQ_Audio
Search & Awie : Penghujung Jalan (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search & Awie : Penghujung Jalan (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57
]
http://wn.com/Search_Awie_Penghujung_Jalan_HQ_Audio
Search & Awie : Setia Dalam Kacamu (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search & Awie : Setia Dalam Kacamu (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Awie_Setia_Dalam_Kacamu_HQ_Audio
Search : Andai Ku Miliki Semalam (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Andai Ku Miliki Semalam (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Andai_Ku_Miliki_Semalam_HQ_Audio
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Balada_Pemuzik_Jalanan_HQ_Audio
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (Rakaman Semula) (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (Rakaman Semula) (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Balada_Pemuzik_Jalanan_Rakaman_Semula_HQ_Audio
Search : Bencana (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Bencana (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Bencana_HQ_Audio
Search : Berpaling (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Berpaling (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Berpaling_HQ_Audio
Search : Bersalah Atau Tidak (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Bersalah Atau Tidak (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57
]
http://wn.com/Search_Bersalah_Atau_Tidak_HQ_Audio
Search : Bisa (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Bisa (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Bisa_HQ_Audio
Search : Cinta Buatan Malaysia (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Cinta Buatan Malaysia (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Cinta_Buatan_Malaysia_HQ_Audio
Search : Cinta Pertama (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Cinta Pertama (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Cinta_Pertama_HQ_Audio
Search : Cinta Sepi (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Cinta Sepi (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Cinta_Sepi_HQ_Audio
Search : Cintaku Hilang Bisanya (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Cintaku Hilang Bisanya (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Cintaku_Hilang_Bisanya_HQ_Audio
Search : Derap Komando (HQ Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Search : Derap Komando (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
http://wn.com/Search_Derap_Komando_HQ_Audio
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 1/8)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Part 2/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2TGe5gnjk
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
Official website
http://phpacademy.org
Support Forum
http://phpacademy.org/forum
Follow us on Twitter!
http://twitter.com/phpacademy
http://wn.com/PHP_Tutorials_Search_Engine_Part_1_8
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 2/8)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Part 3/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipmjxCSrmBg
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
Official website
http://phpacademy.org
Support Forum
http://phpacademy.org/forum
Follow us on Twitter!
http://twitter.com/phpacademy
http://wn.com/PHP_Tutorials_Search_Engine_Part_2_8
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 3/8)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:19
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Part 4/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMrviMKQ8OI
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
Official website
http://phpacademy.org
Support Forum
http://phpacademy.org/forum
Follow us on Twitter!
http://twitter.com/phpacademy
http://wn.com/PHP_Tutorials_Search_Engine_Part_3_8
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 4/8)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:23
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Part 5/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fw6rOAiSDuQ
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
Official website
http://phpacademy.org
Support Forum
http://phpacademy.org/forum
Follow us on Twitter!
http://twitter.com/phpacademy
http://wn.com/PHP_Tutorials_Search_Engine_Part_4_8
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 5/8)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Part 6/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnUERMuh63I
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
Official website
http://phpacademy.org
Support Forum
http://phpacademy.org/forum
Follow us on Twitter!
http://twitter.com/phpacademy
http://wn.com/PHP_Tutorials_Search_Engine_Part_5_8
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 6/8)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Part 7/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FVQRoMZPMs
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
Official website
http://phpacademy.org
Support Forum
http://phpacademy.org/forum
Follow us on Twitter!
http://twitter.com/phpacademy
http://wn.com/PHP_Tutorials_Search_Engine_Part_6_8
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 7/8)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Part 8/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Cx7vXPwg-Y
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
Official website
http://phpacademy.org
Support Forum
http://phpacademy.org/forum
Follow us on Twitter!
http://twitter.com/phpacademy
http://wn.com/PHP_Tutorials_Search_Engine_Part_7_8
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 8/8)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Part 1/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u90HAXKFmq4
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
Official website
http://phpacademy.org
Support Forum
http://phpacademy.org/forum
Follow us on Twitter!
http://twitter.com/phpacademy
http://wn.com/PHP_Tutorials_Search_Engine_Part_8_8
0:53
Parisian Love
An American finds love in Paris. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com...
published: 09 Feb 2010
author: SearchStories
Parisian Love
An American finds love in Paris. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
published: 09 Feb 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 6612123
1:00
Toy Story: The Discovery
Andy's going to college. The toys are nervous. In the meantime, they discover Google. Wa...
published: 08 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
Toy Story: The Discovery
Andy's going to college. The toys are nervous. In the meantime, they discover Google. Watch the trailer at www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_FfHA5wh.
published: 08 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 1338439
1:01
Healthy Habits
A woman takes up healthier habits. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories at www.youtube.c...
published: 19 Aug 2010
author: SearchStories
Healthy Habits
A woman takes up healthier habits. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories at www.youtube.com/searchstories
published: 19 Aug 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 61556
1:00
New Baby
A dad adjusts to becoming a new father. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories by Google...
published: 28 Jul 2010
author: SearchStories
New Baby
A dad adjusts to becoming a new father. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
published: 28 Jul 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 186673
0:54
Brother and Sister
A brother and sister grow up together. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories by Google a...
published: 21 Jul 2010
author: SearchStories
Brother and Sister
A brother and sister grow up together. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
published: 21 Jul 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 219272
1:00
Dog
A reluctant owner adopts a stray and gets more than he bargained for.
Search On.
Watch m...
published: 30 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
Dog
A reluctant owner adopts a stray and gets more than he bargained for.
Search On.
Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
published: 30 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 147695
1:00
Graduation
A mother from Vietnam moves to America to provide the best for her son. Search On.
Watch...
published: 24 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
Graduation
A mother from Vietnam moves to America to provide the best for her son. Search On.
Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
published: 24 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 203379
1:05
Father and Daughter
A hardworking father makes time to be a good dad to his little girl. Watch more Search Sto...
published: 18 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
Father and Daughter
A hardworking father makes time to be a good dad to his little girl. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
published: 18 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 169939
1:01
Search story: get ready for south africa
The world prepares for the big games that lie ahead. Are you ready for it?...
published: 23 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
Search story: get ready for south africa
The world prepares for the big games that lie ahead. Are you ready for it?
published: 23 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 486970
1:00
Search Story: Ole
It's football time. 32 teams battling for glory, but only one can come out on top....
published: 23 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
Search Story: Ole
It's football time. 32 teams battling for glory, but only one can come out on top.
published: 23 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 476496
0:57
Search Stories Video Creator
The history of storytelling gets a new chapter. Use Google searches to tell your story. ...
published: 08 Apr 2010
author: SearchStories
Search Stories Video Creator
The history of storytelling gets a new chapter. Use Google searches to tell your story.
Create your own at https://searchstories-intl.appspot.com/en-us/creator/
published: 08 Apr 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 1136636
0:31
Winter Games
A young dreamer experiences the thrill of the winter games through Google Street View's ne...
published: 19 Feb 2010
author: SearchStories
Winter Games
A young dreamer experiences the thrill of the winter games through Google Street View's newest feature. (Screen images accelerated to 10-yr-old imagination speed.)
Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
published: 19 Feb 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 145697
0:31
High School
A girl works to fit in. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchst...
published: 09 Feb 2010
author: SearchStories
High School
A girl works to fit in. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
published: 09 Feb 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 209285
0:31
Potholes
A resident works to fix his town's roads. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://yo...
published: 09 Feb 2010
author: SearchStories
Potholes
A resident works to fix his town's roads. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
published: 09 Feb 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 160048
Vimeo results:
3:33
Bathtub IV
©2009 COPYRIGHT - All Rights reserved
Project info @ http://keithloutit.com
My stock libra...
published: 10 Feb 2009
author: Keith Loutit
Bathtub IV
©2009 COPYRIGHT - All Rights reserved
Project info @ http://keithloutit.com
My stock library: http://www.youtube.com/user/tiltshiftstock?feature=mhee
This is a personal project that would not have been possible without the support of the Westpac Rescue Helicopter Service. Thanks to the entire team for their generous access during training exercises and patrols this Summer. Since the Service began in 1973, it has carried out more than 21,000 missions ranging from urgent patient transfers to dangerous search and rescue missions.
This film is 100% 'real', but there are some new techniques for me here, such as using time lapse to create the illusion of forward movement for the helicopter ocean scenes. These flight sequences would not be possible without the skill and patience of Chief Pilot Peter Yates. Thanks also to Trevor Cracknell (for getting wet!) and Family.
Music:
“CLEMENTINE” (Megan Washington)
Performed by Washington
© 2008 J Albert & Son Pty Limited
Used with permission
www.myspace.com/meganwashington
Artist Info @ http://keithloutit.com
Thank you,
Keith.
2:37
Spherikal
This is a small animation i did as an exercise to experiment and explore all the graphical...
published: 04 Apr 2012
author: Ion
Spherikal
This is a small animation i did as an exercise to experiment and explore all the graphical possibilities of representing the idea of the SPHERE, always thinking in searching Gestalt and form. Its all done in 3d, but i was more interested in the graphical interest, flatten the surfaces, and only two colors, why more.The most difficult was to achieve the transitions between the different type of representation of the sphere, the morphing and metamorphosing.
For the description of the project, all these frames plus the frames from the scenes that weren't included, visit - http://www.behance.net/gallery/Spherikal/3565597
It was all done in Cinema 4d R13, all with the Mograph module. Comositing and post in After Effects
Sound : Brand X Music
3:25
ARTIFICIAL PARADISE,INC.
Artificial Paradise, Inc is an experimental film anticipating a future where a major corpo...
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: JP Frenay
ARTIFICIAL PARADISE,INC.
Artificial Paradise, Inc is an experimental film anticipating a future where a major corporation has developed an unique software, based on organic virtual reality, which holds all the lost memories of humankind. A user connects to this database of the forgotten…what is he searching for?
Production : Condor & Jean-Paul Frenay
Director / editor / compositing : Jean-Paul Frenay
Main 3D artist / compositing : Sandro Paoli
3D artists : Sylvain Jorget and Sébastien Desmet
Additional 3D operators : Otto Heinen and Okke Voerman
Sound Design : Seal Phüric feat. Neptunian8
Distributed by Autour de Minuit and Onedotzero
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/jpfrenay
Awards & Recognitions//
• Second Place of the Non Narrative Category @ Cutout Festival, EM
• Honorable mention for Artificial Paradise, Inc @ Fargo Film Festival 2010, USA
• Nominated for Best technical Realisation @ Animago Award 2010, DE
Full Publications and Festivals list : http://www.frenayjp.be/#96077/ARTIFICIAL-PARADISE-INC
Interview on Artificial Paradise, Inc made for Canal+ France : http://vimeo.com/25642156
2:43
Aurora Borealis timelapse HD
http://facebook.com/temPhoto
Photography: Tor Even Mathisen
Music: Per Wollen
Vocal: Silj...
published: 17 Nov 2010
author: Tor Even Mathisen
Aurora Borealis timelapse HD
http://facebook.com/temPhoto
Photography: Tor Even Mathisen
Music: Per Wollen
Vocal: Silje Beate Nilssen
Download Aurora-screensavers here:
http://screenspro.com/screensavers/search/tor+even+mathisen
Buy the track:
http://itunes.apple.com/no/album/aurora-in-the-sky-single/id428327464?l=nb
****
Copyright notice: My videos posted on Vimeo may not be embedded/used in any commercial purpose without a license contract.
Please contact me to discuss licensing.
****
Camera: Canon EOS 5D mark II
Lens: Canon 16-35mm f/2.8L II
http://twitter.com/tittentem
More details:
http://tittentem.no
email: tem(a)fikas.no
mob: +47 93642183
Youtube results:
0:31
Newbie
A grandmother embraces technology. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://www.youtu...
published: 09 Feb 2010
author: SearchStories
Newbie
A grandmother embraces technology. Watch more Search Stories by Google at http://www.youtube.com/searchstories
Search On.
published: 09 Feb 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 145724
1:01
Toy Story "The Discovery" - Close Captioned (CC)
Andy's going to college. The toys are nervous. In the meantime, they discover Google. Watc...
published: 23 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
Toy Story "The Discovery" - Close Captioned (CC)
Andy's going to college. The toys are nervous. In the meantime, they discover Google. Watch the trailer at www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_FfHA5wh.
Search On.
Close captioned version
published: 23 Jun 2010
author: SearchStories
views: 38193
10:01
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 1 of 5
...
published: 29 Jul 2009
author: English Caddy
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 1 of 5
10:03
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 2 of 5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 2 of 5...
published: 29 Jul 2009
author: English Caddy
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 2 of 5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 2 of 5
published: 29 Jul 2009
author: English Caddy
views: 20073
10:03
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 3 of 5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 3 of 5...
published: 29 Jul 2009
author: English Caddy
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 3 of 5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 3 of 5
published: 29 Jul 2009
author: English Caddy
views: 18193
10:07
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 4 of 5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 4 of 5...
published: 29 Jul 2009
author: English Caddy
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 4 of 5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 4 of 5
published: 29 Jul 2009
author: English Caddy
views: 17069
7:01
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 5 of 5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 5 of 5...
published: 29 Jul 2009
author: English Caddy
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 5 of 5
Special DNA Mysteries Search For Adam 5 of 5
published: 29 Jul 2009
author: English Caddy
views: 17015
Vimeo results:
3:33
Bathtub IV
©2009 COPYRIGHT - All Rights reserved
Project info @ http://keithloutit.com
My stock libra...
published: 10 Feb 2009
author: Keith Loutit
Bathtub IV
©2009 COPYRIGHT - All Rights reserved
Project info @ http://keithloutit.com
My stock library: http://www.youtube.com/user/tiltshiftstock?feature=mhee
This is a personal project that would not have been possible without the support of the Westpac Rescue Helicopter Service. Thanks to the entire team for their generous access during training exercises and patrols this Summer. Since the Service began in 1973, it has carried out more than 21,000 missions ranging from urgent patient transfers to dangerous search and rescue missions.
This film is 100% 'real', but there are some new techniques for me here, such as using time lapse to create the illusion of forward movement for the helicopter ocean scenes. These flight sequences would not be possible without the skill and patience of Chief Pilot Peter Yates. Thanks also to Trevor Cracknell (for getting wet!) and Family.
Music:
“CLEMENTINE” (Megan Washington)
Performed by Washington
© 2008 J Albert & Son Pty Limited
Used with permission
www.myspace.com/meganwashington
Artist Info @ http://keithloutit.com
Thank you,
Keith.
2:37
Spherikal
This is a small animation i did as an exercise to experiment and explore all the graphical...
published: 04 Apr 2012
author: Ion
Spherikal
This is a small animation i did as an exercise to experiment and explore all the graphical possibilities of representing the idea of the SPHERE, always thinking in searching Gestalt and form. Its all done in 3d, but i was more interested in the graphical interest, flatten the surfaces, and only two colors, why more.The most difficult was to achieve the transitions between the different type of representation of the sphere, the morphing and metamorphosing.
For the description of the project, all these frames plus the frames from the scenes that weren't included, visit - http://www.behance.net/gallery/Spherikal/3565597
It was all done in Cinema 4d R13, all with the Mograph module. Comositing and post in After Effects
Sound : Brand X Music
3:25
ARTIFICIAL PARADISE,INC.
Artificial Paradise, Inc is an experimental film anticipating a future where a major corpo...
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: JP Frenay
ARTIFICIAL PARADISE,INC.
Artificial Paradise, Inc is an experimental film anticipating a future where a major corporation has developed an unique software, based on organic virtual reality, which holds all the lost memories of humankind. A user connects to this database of the forgotten…what is he searching for?
Production : Condor & Jean-Paul Frenay
Director / editor / compositing : Jean-Paul Frenay
Main 3D artist / compositing : Sandro Paoli
3D artists : Sylvain Jorget and Sébastien Desmet
Additional 3D operators : Otto Heinen and Okke Voerman
Sound Design : Seal Phüric feat. Neptunian8
Distributed by Autour de Minuit and Onedotzero
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/jpfrenay
Awards & Recognitions//
• Second Place of the Non Narrative Category @ Cutout Festival, EM
• Honorable mention for Artificial Paradise, Inc @ Fargo Film Festival 2010, USA
• Nominated for Best technical Realisation @ Animago Award 2010, DE
Full Publications and Festivals list : http://www.frenayjp.be/#96077/ARTIFICIAL-PARADISE-INC
Interview on Artificial Paradise, Inc made for Canal+ France : http://vimeo.com/25642156
2:43
Aurora Borealis timelapse HD
http://facebook.com/temPhoto
Photography: Tor Even Mathisen
Music: Per Wollen
Vocal: Silj...
published: 17 Nov 2010
author: Tor Even Mathisen
Aurora Borealis timelapse HD
http://facebook.com/temPhoto
Photography: Tor Even Mathisen
Music: Per Wollen
Vocal: Silje Beate Nilssen
Download Aurora-screensavers here:
http://screenspro.com/screensavers/search/tor+even+mathisen
Buy the track:
http://itunes.apple.com/no/album/aurora-in-the-sky-single/id428327464?l=nb
****
Copyright notice: My videos posted on Vimeo may not be embedded/used in any commercial purpose without a license contract.
Please contact me to discuss licensing.
****
Camera: Canon EOS 5D mark II
Lens: Canon 16-35mm f/2.8L II
http://twitter.com/tittentem
More details:
http://tittentem.no
email: tem(a)fikas.no
mob: +47 93642183
0:27
How to remove Babylon main menu opening video
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432...
published: 28 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
How to remove Babylon main menu opening video
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
how to remove Babylon tool-bar from your favourite web browser, simply choose your browser and watch the all how to remove Babylon from Firefox, internet explorer and Google chrome video tutorial.
To remove the registry left from the malware application and prevent it from coming back, you also need a registry cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Please post your comments below if it works or not.
How to use the registry cleaner scan fix and remove software.
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free.
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Thanks
Jose
http://marketingvideodiy.com/how-to-remove-the-babylon-tool-bar-from-internet-explorer/
Copyright notice.
All rights, including copyright, in the content of these video web pages are owned or controlled for these purposes by Jose Nunes and kip marketing.com.
Content Creatotor: Producer: Jose Nunes
Some content that may be showing on this production work was being broadcast in a public place/domain at the time of the production.
Any content claims should be addressed to Jose Nunes at kipmarketing.com
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Jose Nunes.
Further reproduction without permission prohibited.
Electronic signature:
Jose Nunes
http://www.marketingvideodiy.com/
published: 28 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
views: 62976
3:43
How to remove babylon search toolbar
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432...
published: 28 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
How to remove babylon search toolbar
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
how to remove babylon search toolbar if is it mozilla firefox, once you made sure that it's gone from the "add/remove programs" go into firefox, click on "tools", and look for "add-ons." See if the BAbylon Toolbar is still in there, there should be an "uninstall" button under Babylon. Click on uninstall and follow the prompts.. the uninstall should complete itself once you relaunch firefox.
How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar blog post: http://marketingvideodiy.com/how-to-uninstall-the-babylon-toolbar/
Microsoft Security Essentials is free* and we designed it to be simple to install and easy to use. It runs quietly and efficiently in the background so you don't have to worry about interruptions or making updates.
Use Microsoft Security Essentials to guard against viruses, spyware, and other evil software. It provides real-time protection for your home or small business PCs.
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/products/security-essentials
You also need a registered cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
https://secure.avangate.com/affiliate.php?ACCOUNT=ONLMETEC&AFFILIATE;=3949&PATH;=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avs4you.com
Please post your comment below if it works or not.
How to use the registered cleaner scan fix and remove software.
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free. http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Thanks
Jose
Copyright notice.
All rights, including copyright, in the content of these video web pages are owned or controlled for these purposes by Jose Nunes and www.marketingvideodiy.com.
Content Creator: Producer: Jose Nunes
Some content that may be showing on this production work was being broadcast in a public place/domain at the time of the production.
Any content claims should be addressed to Jose Nunes at kipmarketing.com
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Jose Nunes.
Further reproduction without permission prohibited.
Electronic signature:
Jose Nunes
http://www.marketingvideodiy.com/
published: 28 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
views: 446450
19:29
How to remove babylon from firefox
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432...
published: 29 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
How to remove babylon from firefox
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
How to remove babylon from firefox step by step video tutorial will show you how to completely remove babylon toolbar from firefox and restore it to its original settings and clean the malware from your computer.
This video was created by Jose Nunes From Kip Marketing.com to help you remove babylon from your pc.
To remove the registry left from the malware application and prevent it from coming back, you also need a registry cleaner scan fix and remove. AVS http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Please post your comments below if it works or not.
How to use the registry cleaner scan fix and remove software.
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free.
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Thanks
Jose Nunes
http://myonlinevideoblog.blogspot.com/
published: 29 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
views: 95356
5:49
How to remove babylon from internet explorer
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432...
published: 30 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
How to remove babylon from internet explorer
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
How to remove babylon from internet explorer and from my entire computer... Babylon Search hijacked my computer and I cannot get rid of it. It is neither in Add/Remove Programe nor elsewhere. How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar blog post: http://marketingvideodiy.com/how-to-uninstall-the-babylon-toolbar/ and How to remove babylon videos list.
To remove the registry left from the malware application and prevent it from coming back, you also need a registry cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Link to Internet Explorer 9: http://goo.gl/xSIzn
Please post your comments below if it works or not.
How to use the registry cleaner scan fix and remove software.
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free.
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Use this link to find us on G+ where we can use screen sharing to help you remove the malware: https://plus.google.com/u/0/102244294949592302731/posts
Thanks
Jose
My Online Video marketing site :http://marketingvideoyoutube.com/
published: 30 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
views: 127232
14:24
How to remove babylon from Google chrome
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432...
published: 30 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
How to remove babylon from Google chrome
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
How to remove babylon from Google chrome step by step video tutorial will show you how to completely remove babylon toolbar from Google chrome and restore it to its original settings and clean the malware from your computer.
How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar blog post: http://marketingvideodiy.com/how-to-uninstall-the-babylon-toolbar/
This video was created by Jose Nunes From MarketingVideoDiy.com to help you remove babylon from your pc.
To remove the registry left from the malware application and prevent it from coming back, you also need a registry cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Please post your comments below if it works or not.
How to use the registry cleaner scan fix and remove software.
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free.
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Thanks
Jose
www.MarketingVideoDiy.com
published: 30 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
views: 160062
5:10
How to Remove babylon search toolbar Updated
Remove babylon search toolbar update this update will help you set google as your default ...
published: 28 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
How to Remove babylon search toolbar Updated
Remove babylon search toolbar update this update will help you set google as your default home page for search toolbar Update. How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar blog post: http://marketingvideodiy.com/how-to-uninstall-the-babylon-toolbar/ and How to remove babylon videos list.
You also need a registered cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
Please post your comment below if it works or not.
How to use the registered cleaner scan fix and remove software.
Please check back again soon or subscribe to email updates Below.
Please click on link below to subscribe to my YouTube channel and be notified of my new video tutorial updates for free. http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=jnuness
Thanks
Jose
http://marketingvideodiy.com
published: 28 Oct 2011
author: jnuness
views: 63062
6:39
How to Remove Malware using AVS Registry Cleaner
How to Remove Malware using AVS Registry Cleaner step by step video tutorial, I will be s...
published: 04 Jun 2012
author: jnuness
How to Remove Malware using AVS Registry Cleaner
How to Remove Malware using AVS Registry Cleaner step by step video tutorial, I will be showing you where the Babylon files are, how to pre-remove them before scanning your system with AVS registry cleaner software.
At the end, I will also show you how install a clean copy of Firefox so you can see how the software works.
Here is the link to AVS registry cleaner scan fix and remove: http://goo.gl/TGyjL
More Videos How to remove Babylon :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=view_all
Microsoft Security Essentials is free* and we designed it to be simple to install and easy to use. It runs quietly and efficiently in the background so you don't have to worry about interruptions or making updates.
Use Microsoft Security Essentials to guard against viruses, spyware, and other evil software. It provides real-time protection for your home or small business PCs.
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/products/security-essentials
You also need a registered cleaner scan fix and remove.
Below is my affiliate link, if you'd like to support us it will not cost you any more buying from my affiliate link but it will support me in creating more how to videos in future:
https://secure.avangate.com/affiliate.php?ACCOUNT=ONLMETEC&AFFILIATE;=3949...
Thanks
Jose
http://www.marketingvideodiy.com
Copyright notice.
All rights, including copyright, in the content of these video web pages are owned or controlled for these purposes by Jose Nunes and kip marketing.com.
Content Creator: Producer: Jose Nunes
Some content that may be showing on this production work was being broadcast in a public place/domain at the time of the production.
Any content claims should be addressed to Jose Nunes at kipmarketing.com
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Jose Nunes.
Further reproduction without permission prohibited.
Electronic signature:
Jose Nunes
http://www.marketingvideodiy.com
published: 04 Jun 2012
author: jnuness
views: 1349
1:22
how to remove kiwee toolbar from windows vista
http://www.kiwee.com/platform/tb/install/direct.pd?c=GNKIW29195
how to remove kiwee toolba...
published: 05 May 2012
author: jnuness
how to remove kiwee toolbar from windows vista
http://www.kiwee.com/platform/tb/install/direct.pd?c=GNKIW29195
how to remove kiwee toolbar from windows vista How can I remove the kiwee toolbar & its kiwee live search? It is not in my list of programs for uninstall. I'm using Vista 64 bit. Distributed by Tubemogul.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
how to remove kiwee
remove kiwee
Kiwee toolbar
published: 05 May 2012
author: jnuness
views: 6972
2:17
How to Manage Search Engines in Google Chrome
How to manage search engines on the new Google chrome browser to remove Babylon search eng...
published: 14 Jun 2012
author: jnuness
How to Manage Search Engines in Google Chrome
How to manage search engines on the new Google chrome browser to remove Babylon search engine. Please note I have 7 more videos on my YouTube channel showing you how to remove Babylon. Here is the link to my channel, please comment, rate and subscribe. http://www.youtube.com/jnuness
published: 14 Jun 2012
author: jnuness
views: 1339
1:41
How to Delete Cookies
How to delete cookies on internet explorer, Firefox and Google chrome, deleting cookies is...
published: 11 Jul 2012
author: jnuness
How to Delete Cookies
How to delete cookies on internet explorer, Firefox and Google chrome, deleting cookies is quite simple when you know how, so in this how to video we will be looking at the top three most popular browsers on the web today, Internet Explorer, Firefox and Google Chrome. Deleting cookies from your browser helps in many ways including malware tracking and your privacy and keeps your system clean from virus.
http://www.youtube.com/user/jnuness?feature=mhee
published: 11 Jul 2012
author: jnuness
views: 1316
2:21
How to Delete Cookies on Internet Explorer
How to delete cookies on internet explorer. A short video giving you step by step instruct...
published: 12 Jul 2012
author: jnuness
How to Delete Cookies on Internet Explorer
How to delete cookies on internet explorer. A short video giving you step by step instructions on how to get rid of cookies, which ultimately protect your privacy and frees up space on your system.
published: 12 Jul 2012
author: jnuness
views: 394
1:23
How to delete cookies on google chrome
how to delete cookies on google chrome. An easy step by step guide on how get rid of cooki...
published: 12 Jul 2012
author: jnuness
How to delete cookies on google chrome
how to delete cookies on google chrome. An easy step by step guide on how get rid of cookies which will free up your system and protect your privacy.
published: 12 Jul 2012
author: jnuness
views: 625
1:18
How to delete cookies on Mozilla Firefox
How to delete cookies on Mozilla Firefox. It's quick and easy to get rid of cookies from y...
published: 12 Jul 2012
author: jnuness
How to delete cookies on Mozilla Firefox
How to delete cookies on Mozilla Firefox. It's quick and easy to get rid of cookies from your system. Follow the video and free up space on your system and protect your privacy.
published: 12 Jul 2012
author: jnuness
views: 939
2:04
How to find your Google and AppData folder
How to find your Google and appdata folder on windows 7.
Go to start, click on control pa...
published: 21 Sep 2012
author: jnuness
How to find your Google and AppData folder
How to find your Google and appdata folder on windows 7.
Go to start, click on control panel, next click on folder options, click view and select the radios to show all folders and files.
Please note before performing this step you must go to your control panel first and try to remove the programe from there first.
Here is a video showing how to do that: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6595A00CD2432E1&feature;=plcp or otherwise you end up corrupting your system.
After performing these steps remember to run a registry cleaner to remove orphan, corrupted and unused keys and files left from the unwanted program by using a trusted registry cleaner, it helps keep your system in a tip top condition and safe.
I personally use AVS registry cleaner: https://secure.avangate.com/affiliate.php?ACCOUNT=ONLMETEC&AFFILIATE;=3949
Please comment, rate and subscribe.
Regards
Jose Nunes
My YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/jnuness
My Website: http://www.marketingvideodiy.com/
published: 21 Sep 2012
author: jnuness
views: 501
Vimeo results:
3:33
Bathtub IV
©2009 COPYRIGHT - All Rights reserved
Project info @ http://keithloutit.com
My stock libra...
published: 10 Feb 2009
author: Keith Loutit
Bathtub IV
©2009 COPYRIGHT - All Rights reserved
Project info @ http://keithloutit.com
My stock library: http://www.youtube.com/user/tiltshiftstock?feature=mhee
This is a personal project that would not have been possible without the support of the Westpac Rescue Helicopter Service. Thanks to the entire team for their generous access during training exercises and patrols this Summer. Since the Service began in 1973, it has carried out more than 21,000 missions ranging from urgent patient transfers to dangerous search and rescue missions.
This film is 100% 'real', but there are some new techniques for me here, such as using time lapse to create the illusion of forward movement for the helicopter ocean scenes. These flight sequences would not be possible without the skill and patience of Chief Pilot Peter Yates. Thanks also to Trevor Cracknell (for getting wet!) and Family.
Music:
“CLEMENTINE” (Megan Washington)
Performed by Washington
© 2008 J Albert & Son Pty Limited
Used with permission
www.myspace.com/meganwashington
Artist Info @ http://keithloutit.com
Thank you,
Keith.
2:37
Spherikal
This is a small animation i did as an exercise to experiment and explore all the graphical...
published: 04 Apr 2012
author: Ion
Spherikal
This is a small animation i did as an exercise to experiment and explore all the graphical possibilities of representing the idea of the SPHERE, always thinking in searching Gestalt and form. Its all done in 3d, but i was more interested in the graphical interest, flatten the surfaces, and only two colors, why more.The most difficult was to achieve the transitions between the different type of representation of the sphere, the morphing and metamorphosing.
For the description of the project, all these frames plus the frames from the scenes that weren't included, visit - http://www.behance.net/gallery/Spherikal/3565597
It was all done in Cinema 4d R13, all with the Mograph module. Comositing and post in After Effects
Sound : Brand X Music
3:25
ARTIFICIAL PARADISE,INC.
Artificial Paradise, Inc is an experimental film anticipating a future where a major corpo...
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: JP Frenay
ARTIFICIAL PARADISE,INC.
Artificial Paradise, Inc is an experimental film anticipating a future where a major corporation has developed an unique software, based on organic virtual reality, which holds all the lost memories of humankind. A user connects to this database of the forgotten…what is he searching for?
Production : Condor & Jean-Paul Frenay
Director / editor / compositing : Jean-Paul Frenay
Main 3D artist / compositing : Sandro Paoli
3D artists : Sylvain Jorget and Sébastien Desmet
Additional 3D operators : Otto Heinen and Okke Voerman
Sound Design : Seal Phüric feat. Neptunian8
Distributed by Autour de Minuit and Onedotzero
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/jpfrenay
Awards & Recognitions//
• Second Place of the Non Narrative Category @ Cutout Festival, EM
• Honorable mention for Artificial Paradise, Inc @ Fargo Film Festival 2010, USA
• Nominated for Best technical Realisation @ Animago Award 2010, DE
Full Publications and Festivals list : http://www.frenayjp.be/#96077/ARTIFICIAL-PARADISE-INC
Interview on Artificial Paradise, Inc made for Canal+ France : http://vimeo.com/25642156
2:43
Aurora Borealis timelapse HD
http://facebook.com/temPhoto
Photography: Tor Even Mathisen
Music: Per Wollen
Vocal: Silj...
published: 17 Nov 2010
author: Tor Even Mathisen
Aurora Borealis timelapse HD
http://facebook.com/temPhoto
Photography: Tor Even Mathisen
Music: Per Wollen
Vocal: Silje Beate Nilssen
Download Aurora-screensavers here:
http://screenspro.com/screensavers/search/tor+even+mathisen
Buy the track:
http://itunes.apple.com/no/album/aurora-in-the-sky-single/id428327464?l=nb
****
Copyright notice: My videos posted on Vimeo may not be embedded/used in any commercial purpose without a license contract.
Please contact me to discuss licensing.
****
Camera: Canon EOS 5D mark II
Lens: Canon 16-35mm f/2.8L II
http://twitter.com/tittentem
More details:
http://tittentem.no
email: tem(a)fikas.no
mob: +47 93642183
2:53
Amy Search : Mata Kucing (HQ Audio)
Amy Search : Mata Kucing (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL...
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Amy Search : Mata Kucing (HQ Audio)
Amy Search : Mata Kucing (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 28603
4:09
Amy Search : Suatu Masa
Amy Search : Suatu Masa
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA43...
published: 11 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Amy Search : Suatu Masa
Amy Search : Suatu Masa
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 11 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 74660
4:17
Amy Search : Yale Yale (HQ Audio)
Amy Search : Yale Yale (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB...
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Amy Search : Yale Yale (HQ Audio)
Amy Search : Yale Yale (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 51735
6:19
Search & Awie : Bayangan Baiduri (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Bayangan Baiduri (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist...
published: 24 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search & Awie : Bayangan Baiduri (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Bayangan Baiduri (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 24 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 75933
4:36
Search & Awie : Ghairah Malam 15 (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Ghairah Malam 15 (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist...
published: 24 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search & Awie : Ghairah Malam 15 (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Ghairah Malam 15 (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57
]
published: 24 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 19938
4:25
Search & Awie : Kanta Biru (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Kanta Biru (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=...
published: 24 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search & Awie : Kanta Biru (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Kanta Biru (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 24 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 12116
4:39
Search & Awie : Mancis Dah Basah (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Mancis Dah Basah (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist...
published: 25 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search & Awie : Mancis Dah Basah (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Mancis Dah Basah (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 25 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 14439
4:31
Search & Awie : Mutiara Embun (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Mutiara Embun (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?li...
published: 25 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search & Awie : Mutiara Embun (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Mutiara Embun (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 25 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 22949
5:41
Search & Awie : Nur Nilam Sari (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Nur Nilam Sari (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?l...
published: 25 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search & Awie : Nur Nilam Sari (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Nur Nilam Sari (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57
]
published: 25 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 177393
4:29
Search & Awie : Penghujung Jalan (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Penghujung Jalan (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist...
published: 25 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search & Awie : Penghujung Jalan (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Penghujung Jalan (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57
]
published: 25 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 14150
5:01
Search & Awie : Setia Dalam Kacamu (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Setia Dalam Kacamu (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playli...
published: 25 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search & Awie : Setia Dalam Kacamu (HQ Audio)
Search & Awie : Setia Dalam Kacamu (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 25 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 39720
5:55
Search : Andai Ku Miliki Semalam (HQ Audio)
Search : Andai Ku Miliki Semalam (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist...
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search : Andai Ku Miliki Semalam (HQ Audio)
Search : Andai Ku Miliki Semalam (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 92112
4:50
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (HQ Audio)
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?...
published: 25 Feb 2011
author: xBadoMx
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (HQ Audio)
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 25 Feb 2011
author: xBadoMx
views: 3617
4:53
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (Rakaman Semula) (HQ Audio)
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (Rakaman Semula) (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.yout...
published: 20 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (Rakaman Semula) (HQ Audio)
Search : Balada Pemuzik Jalanan (Rakaman Semula) (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 20 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 85756
Vimeo results:
3:33
Bathtub IV
©2009 COPYRIGHT - All Rights reserved
Project info @ http://keithloutit.com
My stock libra...
published: 10 Feb 2009
author: Keith Loutit
Bathtub IV
©2009 COPYRIGHT - All Rights reserved
Project info @ http://keithloutit.com
My stock library: http://www.youtube.com/user/tiltshiftstock?feature=mhee
This is a personal project that would not have been possible without the support of the Westpac Rescue Helicopter Service. Thanks to the entire team for their generous access during training exercises and patrols this Summer. Since the Service began in 1973, it has carried out more than 21,000 missions ranging from urgent patient transfers to dangerous search and rescue missions.
This film is 100% 'real', but there are some new techniques for me here, such as using time lapse to create the illusion of forward movement for the helicopter ocean scenes. These flight sequences would not be possible without the skill and patience of Chief Pilot Peter Yates. Thanks also to Trevor Cracknell (for getting wet!) and Family.
Music:
“CLEMENTINE” (Megan Washington)
Performed by Washington
© 2008 J Albert & Son Pty Limited
Used with permission
www.myspace.com/meganwashington
Artist Info @ http://keithloutit.com
Thank you,
Keith.
2:37
Spherikal
This is a small animation i did as an exercise to experiment and explore all the graphical...
published: 04 Apr 2012
author: Ion
Spherikal
This is a small animation i did as an exercise to experiment and explore all the graphical possibilities of representing the idea of the SPHERE, always thinking in searching Gestalt and form. Its all done in 3d, but i was more interested in the graphical interest, flatten the surfaces, and only two colors, why more.The most difficult was to achieve the transitions between the different type of representation of the sphere, the morphing and metamorphosing.
For the description of the project, all these frames plus the frames from the scenes that weren't included, visit - http://www.behance.net/gallery/Spherikal/3565597
It was all done in Cinema 4d R13, all with the Mograph module. Comositing and post in After Effects
Sound : Brand X Music
3:25
ARTIFICIAL PARADISE,INC.
Artificial Paradise, Inc is an experimental film anticipating a future where a major corpo...
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: JP Frenay
ARTIFICIAL PARADISE,INC.
Artificial Paradise, Inc is an experimental film anticipating a future where a major corporation has developed an unique software, based on organic virtual reality, which holds all the lost memories of humankind. A user connects to this database of the forgotten…what is he searching for?
Production : Condor & Jean-Paul Frenay
Director / editor / compositing : Jean-Paul Frenay
Main 3D artist / compositing : Sandro Paoli
3D artists : Sylvain Jorget and Sébastien Desmet
Additional 3D operators : Otto Heinen and Okke Voerman
Sound Design : Seal Phüric feat. Neptunian8
Distributed by Autour de Minuit and Onedotzero
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/jpfrenay
Awards & Recognitions//
• Second Place of the Non Narrative Category @ Cutout Festival, EM
• Honorable mention for Artificial Paradise, Inc @ Fargo Film Festival 2010, USA
• Nominated for Best technical Realisation @ Animago Award 2010, DE
Full Publications and Festivals list : http://www.frenayjp.be/#96077/ARTIFICIAL-PARADISE-INC
Interview on Artificial Paradise, Inc made for Canal+ France : http://vimeo.com/25642156
2:43
Aurora Borealis timelapse HD
http://facebook.com/temPhoto
Photography: Tor Even Mathisen
Music: Per Wollen
Vocal: Silj...
published: 17 Nov 2010
author: Tor Even Mathisen
Aurora Borealis timelapse HD
http://facebook.com/temPhoto
Photography: Tor Even Mathisen
Music: Per Wollen
Vocal: Silje Beate Nilssen
Download Aurora-screensavers here:
http://screenspro.com/screensavers/search/tor+even+mathisen
Buy the track:
http://itunes.apple.com/no/album/aurora-in-the-sky-single/id428327464?l=nb
****
Copyright notice: My videos posted on Vimeo may not be embedded/used in any commercial purpose without a license contract.
Please contact me to discuss licensing.
****
Camera: Canon EOS 5D mark II
Lens: Canon 16-35mm f/2.8L II
http://twitter.com/tittentem
More details:
http://tittentem.no
email: tem(a)fikas.no
mob: +47 93642183
Youtube results:
5:52
Search : Bencana (HQ Audio)
Search : Bencana (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBD...
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search : Bencana (HQ Audio)
Search : Bencana (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 36278
4:01
Search : Berpaling (HQ Audio)
Search : Berpaling (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDF...
published: 11 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search : Berpaling (HQ Audio)
Search : Berpaling (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 11 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 15296
5:18
Search : Bersalah Atau Tidak (HQ Audio)
Search : Bersalah Atau Tidak (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?lis...
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search : Bersalah Atau Tidak (HQ Audio)
Search : Bersalah Atau Tidak (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57
]
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 53758
4:31
Search : Bisa (HQ Audio)
Search : Bisa (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA4...
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
Search : Bisa (HQ Audio)
Search : Bisa (HQ Audio)
[ Playlist :
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBB3FDFBDDA432C57 ]
published: 21 May 2009
author: xBadoMx
views: 14226
8:31
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 1/8)
Part 2/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2TGe5gnjk
Creating a search engine for databas...
published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 1/8)
Part 2/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2TGe5gnjk
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
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published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
views: 30881
10:26
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 2/8)
Part 3/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipmjxCSrmBg
Creating a search engine for databas...
published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 2/8)
Part 3/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipmjxCSrmBg
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
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published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
views: 14697
8:19
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 3/8)
Part 4/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMrviMKQ8OI
Creating a search engine for databas...
published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 3/8)
Part 4/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMrviMKQ8OI
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
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published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
views: 10945
8:23
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 4/8)
Part 5/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fw6rOAiSDuQ
Creating a search engine for databas...
published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 4/8)
Part 5/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fw6rOAiSDuQ
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
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published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
views: 9806
7:44
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 5/8)
Part 6/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnUERMuh63I
Creating a search engine for databas...
published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 5/8)
Part 6/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnUERMuh63I
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
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published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
views: 10228
7:26
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 6/8)
Part 7/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FVQRoMZPMs
Creating a search engine for databas...
published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 6/8)
Part 7/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FVQRoMZPMs
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
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published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
views: 9454
6:52
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 7/8)
Part 8/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Cx7vXPwg-Y
Creating a search engine for databas...
published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 7/8)
Part 8/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Cx7vXPwg-Y
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
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published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
views: 7555
6:25
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 8/8)
Part 1/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u90HAXKFmq4
Creating a search engine for databas...
published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
PHP Tutorials: Search Engine (Part 8/8)
Part 1/8: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u90HAXKFmq4
Creating a search engine for database content. Produces a list of results based on keywords of your data.
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published: 08 Jun 2011
author: phpacademy
views: 10537
Vimeo results:
3:33
Bathtub IV
©2009 COPYRIGHT - All Rights reserved
Project info @ http://keithloutit.com
My stock libra...
published: 10 Feb 2009
author: Keith Loutit
Bathtub IV
©2009 COPYRIGHT - All Rights reserved
Project info @ http://keithloutit.com
My stock library: http://www.youtube.com/user/tiltshiftstock?feature=mhee
This is a personal project that would not have been possible without the support of the Westpac Rescue Helicopter Service. Thanks to the entire team for their generous access during training exercises and patrols this Summer. Since the Service began in 1973, it has carried out more than 21,000 missions ranging from urgent patient transfers to dangerous search and rescue missions.
This film is 100% 'real', but there are some new techniques for me here, such as using time lapse to create the illusion of forward movement for the helicopter ocean scenes. These flight sequences would not be possible without the skill and patience of Chief Pilot Peter Yates. Thanks also to Trevor Cracknell (for getting wet!) and Family.
Music:
“CLEMENTINE” (Megan Washington)
Performed by Washington
© 2008 J Albert & Son Pty Limited
Used with permission
www.myspace.com/meganwashington
Artist Info @ http://keithloutit.com
Thank you,
Keith.
2:37
Spherikal
This is a small animation i did as an exercise to experiment and explore all the graphical...
published: 04 Apr 2012
author: Ion
Spherikal
This is a small animation i did as an exercise to experiment and explore all the graphical possibilities of representing the idea of the SPHERE, always thinking in searching Gestalt and form. Its all done in 3d, but i was more interested in the graphical interest, flatten the surfaces, and only two colors, why more.The most difficult was to achieve the transitions between the different type of representation of the sphere, the morphing and metamorphosing.
For the description of the project, all these frames plus the frames from the scenes that weren't included, visit - http://www.behance.net/gallery/Spherikal/3565597
It was all done in Cinema 4d R13, all with the Mograph module. Comositing and post in After Effects
Sound : Brand X Music
3:25
ARTIFICIAL PARADISE,INC.
Artificial Paradise, Inc is an experimental film anticipating a future where a major corpo...
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: JP Frenay
ARTIFICIAL PARADISE,INC.
Artificial Paradise, Inc is an experimental film anticipating a future where a major corporation has developed an unique software, based on organic virtual reality, which holds all the lost memories of humankind. A user connects to this database of the forgotten…what is he searching for?
Production : Condor & Jean-Paul Frenay
Director / editor / compositing : Jean-Paul Frenay
Main 3D artist / compositing : Sandro Paoli
3D artists : Sylvain Jorget and Sébastien Desmet
Additional 3D operators : Otto Heinen and Okke Voerman
Sound Design : Seal Phüric feat. Neptunian8
Distributed by Autour de Minuit and Onedotzero
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/jpfrenay
Awards & Recognitions//
• Second Place of the Non Narrative Category @ Cutout Festival, EM
• Honorable mention for Artificial Paradise, Inc @ Fargo Film Festival 2010, USA
• Nominated for Best technical Realisation @ Animago Award 2010, DE
Full Publications and Festivals list : http://www.frenayjp.be/#96077/ARTIFICIAL-PARADISE-INC
Interview on Artificial Paradise, Inc made for Canal+ France : http://vimeo.com/25642156
2:43
Aurora Borealis timelapse HD
http://facebook.com/temPhoto
Photography: Tor Even Mathisen
Music: Per Wollen
Vocal: Silj...
published: 17 Nov 2010
author: Tor Even Mathisen
Aurora Borealis timelapse HD
http://facebook.com/temPhoto
Photography: Tor Even Mathisen
Music: Per Wollen
Vocal: Silje Beate Nilssen
Download Aurora-screensavers here:
http://screenspro.com/screensavers/search/tor+even+mathisen
Buy the track:
http://itunes.apple.com/no/album/aurora-in-the-sky-single/id428327464?l=nb
****
Copyright notice: My videos posted on Vimeo may not be embedded/used in any commercial purpose without a license contract.
Please contact me to discuss licensing.
****
Camera: Canon EOS 5D mark II
Lens: Canon 16-35mm f/2.8L II
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More details:
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Photo: AP / Moises Castillo
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The News & Observer
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 |
Look up searching or search in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
If you have inadvertently reached this page while attempting to search Wikipedia, go directly to Special:Search.
Searching or search may refer to:
- Search engine technology, software for finding information
- Web search engine, a service for finding information on the World Wide Web
- Enterprise search, software or services for finding information within organizations
- Search and seizure, a legal procedure
- Searching (horse), a racehorse
- Searching, using a computer to find an item with specified properties (e.g. specified text) among a collection of items using a search algorithm
- Search theory, an economic model applied to the study of unemployment, among other applications
- Bayesian search theory, looking for a target
- Search Games, looking for an evading target
In entertainment:
- Search (TV series), a television series
- Search (band), a Malaysian rock band
- "Searchin'", a song originally performed by The Coasters
- "Searchin'" (CeCe Peniston song), a song by CeCe Peniston
- "Searchin' (I Gotta Find a Man)", a 1983 dance song by Hazell Dean
- "Searching" (INXS song), a 1997 song by INXS
- Searching (song), a 1990s hip hop song by Pete Rock & CL Smooth
- "Searching", a 1980 single by Change (band)
- "Searching", a 1990s song by China Black
- "Searching" (Desperate Housewives), a TV episode of Desperate Housewives
SEARCH may also refer to:
- Study of Environmental Arctic Change, a research program
- Society for Education Action and Research in Community Health, an organization founded by Abhay and Rani Bang
See also[link]
- All pages beginning with "search"
- All pages with titles containing "search"
- Find (disambiguation)
- The Search (disambiguation)
 |
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searching
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Lost Colony" redirects here. For other uses, see Lost Colony (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 35°55′42″N 75°42′15″W / 35.928259°N 75.704098°W / 35.928259; -75.704098
| Roanoke Colony | ||||
| English colony | ||||
|
||||
 |
||||
| Capital | Not specified | |||
| Language(s) | English | |||
| Political structure | colony | |||
| History | ||||
| - Established | 1585 | |||
| - Birth of Virginia Dare | 18 August 1587 | |||
| - Disestablished | Unknown | |||
The Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island in Dare County, present-day North Carolina, United States was a late 16th-century attempt to establish a permanent English settlement in what later became the Virginia Colony. The enterprise was financed and organized by Sir Walter Raleigh and carried out by Ralph Lane and Richard Grenville, Raleigh's distant cousin. The final group of colonists disappeared during the Anglo-Spanish War, three years after the last shipment of supplies from England. The settlement is known as "The Lost Colony," and the fate of the colonists has never been determined.
Raleigh's charter[link]
See also: Anglo-Spanish War (1585)
On March 25, 1584, Queen Elizabeth I granted Raleigh a charter for the colonization of the area of North America known as Virginia. This charter specified that Raleigh needed to establish a colony in North America, or lose his right to colonization.[1]:9 Raleigh and Elizabeth intended that the venture should provide riches from the New World and a base from which to send privateers on raids against the treasure fleets of Spain.[2]:135 Raleigh himself never visited North America, although he led expeditions in 1595 and 1617 to South America's Orinoco River basin in search of the legendary golden city of El Dorado.
First voyages to Roanoke Island[link]
Further information: List of colonists at Roanoke
On April 27, 1584, Raleigh dispatched an expedition led by Phillip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore the Eastern coast of North America. They arrived on Roanoke Island on July 4,[1]:32 and soon established relations with the local natives, the Secotans and Croatans. Barlowe returned to England with two Croatans named Manteo and Wanchese, who were able to describe the politics and geography of the area to Raleigh.[1]:44–45 Based on this information, Raleigh organized a second expedition, to be led by Sir Richard Grenville.
Grenville's fleet departed Plymouth on April 9, 1585, with five main ships: the Tiger (Grenville's), the Roebuck, the Red Lion, the Elizabeth, and the Dorothy. Unfortunately, a severe storm off the coast of Portugal separated the Tiger from the rest of the fleet.[1]:57 The captains had a contingency plan if they were separated, which was to meet up again in Puerto Rico, and the Tiger arrived in the "Baye of Muskito"[3] (Guayanilla Bay) on May 11. While waiting for the other ships, Grenville established relations with the Spanish there while simultaneously engaging in some privateering against them,[1]:62 and also built a fort. The Elizabeth arrived soon after the fort's construction.[4]:91 Eventually, Grenville tired of waiting for the remaining ships, and departed on June 7. The fort was abandoned, and its location remains unknown.
When the Tiger sailed through Ocracoke Inlet on June 26, it struck a shoal, ruining most of the food supplies.[1]:63 The expedition succeeded in repairing the ship, and in early July reunited with the Roebuck and Dorothy, both of which had arrived in the Outer Banks some weeks previous. The Red Lion had been with them, but had merely dropped off its passengers and left for Newfoundland for privateering.[1]:64
After the initial exploration of the mainland coast and the native settlements there, the natives of the village of Aquascogoc were blamed for stealing a silver cup. In retaliation, the village was sacked and burned.[1]:72 English writer and courtier Richard Hakluyt's contemporary reports of the first voyage to Virginia, compiled from accounts by various financial backers including Sir Walter Raleigh (Hakluyt himself never traveled to the New World), also describe this incident.[5]
Despite this incident and a lack of food, Grenville decided to leave Ralph Lane and 107 men to establish the colony at the north end of Roanoke Island, promising to return in April 1586 with more men and fresh supplies. They disembarked on August 17, 1585.[6] Lane built a small fort on the island and ordered the exploration of the surrounding areas. There are no surviving pictures of the Roanoke fort, but it was likely similar in structure to the one in Guayanilla Bay.
As April 1586 passed, there was no sign of Grenville's relief fleet. Meanwhile in June, bad blood from the stolen cup incident spurred an attack on the fort, which the colonists were able to repel.[7]:5 Soon after the attack, when Sir Francis Drake paused on his way home from a successful raid in the Caribbean and offered to take the colonists, including the metallurgist Joachim Gans, back to England, they accepted. On this return voyage, the Roanoke colonists introduced tobacco, maize, and potatoes.[7]:5 The relief fleet arrived shortly after Drake's departure with the colonists. Finding the colony abandoned, Grenville returned to England with the bulk of his force, leaving behind a small detachment both to maintain an English presence and to protect Raleigh's claim to Virginia.
Additional voyages to Roanoke Colony[link]
In 1587, Raleigh dispatched a new group of 150 colonists to establish a colony on Chesapeake Bay. They were led by John White, an artist and friend of Raleigh who had accompanied the previous expeditions to Roanoke. White was later appointed Governor and Raleigh named 12 assistants to aid in Roanoke's settlement. They were ordered to travel to Roanoke first to gather Grenville's men, but when they arrived on July 22, 1587, they found nothing except a skeleton that may have been the remains of one of the English garrison. They were counting on these men to help with the new colony, but when they could find no one, they gave up hope of ever seeing Grenville's men alive.[5] The fleet's commander, Simon Fernandez, now refused to let the colonists return to the ships, insisting they establish the new colony on Roanoke.[4]:215 His motive remains unclear.
With no choice, White re-established relations with the Croatans and tried to establish friendly relations with the tribes that Ralph Lane had battled the previous year. The hostile tribes refused to meet with him. Shortly thereafter, colonist George Howe was killed by an Indian while searching alone for crabs in Albemarle Sound. Fearing for their lives, the colonists persuaded Governor White to return to England to explain the colony's desperate situation and ask for help.[8]:120–23 Left behind were about 115 colonists — the remaining men and women who had made the Atlantic crossing plus White's newly born granddaughter Virginia Dare, the first English child born in the Americas.[9]:19
White returns to England[link]
White sailed for England in late 1587. Crossing the Atlantic at that time of year was a considerable risk, as shown by Fernandez's claim that their ship barely made it back.[10] Plans for a relief fleet were delayed by the captain's refusal to return during the winter. The coming of the Spanish Armada led to every able English ship being commandeered to fight, which left White with no seaworthy vessels available to return to Roanoke. He managed to hire two small vessels considered unnecessary for England's defense and sailed for Roanoke in the spring of 1588. White's attempt to return to Roanoke was foiled by human nature and circumstance; the two vessels were small, and their captains were greedy. They attempted to capture several Spanish ships on the outward-bound voyage to improve their profits, but they were captured themselves and their cargo seized. With nothing left to deliver to the colonists, the ships returned to England.[2]:125–26
Return to the Lost Colony[link]
Because of the continuing war with Spain, White was not able to mount another resupply attempt for three more years. He finally gained passage on a privateering expedition that agreed to stop off at Roanoke on the way back from the Caribbean. White landed on August 18, 1590, on his granddaughter's third birthday, but found the settlement deserted. His men could not find any trace of the 90 men, 17 women, and 11 children, nor was there any sign of a struggle or battle. The only clue was the word "Croatoan" carved into a post of the fort and "Cro" carved into a nearby tree. All the houses and fortifications had been dismantled, which meant their departure had not been hurried. Before he had left the colony, White had instructed them that if anything happened to them, they should carve a Maltese cross on a tree nearby, indicating that their disappearance had been forced. As there was no cross, White took this to mean they had moved to "Croatoan Island" (now known as Hatteras Island), but he was unable to conduct a search. A massive storm was brewing and his men refused to go any further. The next day, they left.[2]:130–33
Thomas Harriot[link]
Born in 1560, Thomas Harriot entered Raleigh's employment in the early 1580s, after graduating from Oxford University. While he did not accompany them on the first voyage, Harriot may have been among the men of Arthur Barlowe's 1584 expedition of the colony. He trained the members of Raleigh's first Roanoke expedition in navigational skills and eventually sailed to Roanoke with the second group of settlers, where his skills as a naturalist became particularly important along with those of painter and settlement leader John White. Between their arrival in Roanoke in April 1585 and the July 1586 departure, Harriot and White both conducted detailed studies of the Roanoke area, with Harriot compiling his samples and notes into several notebooks that unfortunately did not survive the colony's disappearance. However, Harriot also took descriptions of the surrounding flora and fauna of the area, which survive in his work A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia, written as a report on the colony's progress to the English government on the request of Raleigh. Viewed as propaganda for the colony by modern historians, this work has become vastly important to Roanoke's history not only because of Harriot's observations on wildlife, but also because of his depictions of Indian activities at the time of the colony's disappearance. In the text, Harriot reports that relations between the Roanoke Indians and the English settlers were mutually calm and prosperous, contradicting other historical evidence that catalogues the bloody struggles between the Roanoke Indians and both of Raleigh's commanders, Sir Richard Grenville and his successor Ralph Lane. Harriot recounts little to none of these accounts in his report to England and does not mention the disorderly state of the colony under either Grenville's or Lane's tenure, correctly assuming these facts would prevent Roanoke from gaining more settlers. Ironically, Harriot's text did not reach England, or the English press, until the year of 1588, by which time the fate of the "Lost Colony" was sealed in all but name.[11]
Investigations into Roanoke[link]
Twelve years passed before Raleigh decided to find out what happened to his colony. Led by Samuel Mace, this 1602 expedition differed from previous voyages in that Raleigh bought his own ship and guaranteed the sailors' wages so that they would not be distracted by privateering. However, Raleigh still hoped to make money from the trip, and Mace's ship landed in the Outer Banks to gather aromatic woods or plants such as sassafras that would generate a decent profit back in England. By the time they could turn their attention to the colonists, the weather had turned bad and they were forced to return without even making it to Roanoke Island. Having been arrested by King James I for treason, Raleigh was unable to send any further missions.[2]:134–35
Meanwhile, the Spanish had different reasons for wanting to find the colony. Knowing of Raleigh's plans to use Roanoke as a base for privateering, they were hoping to destroy it. Moreover, they had been getting mostly inaccurate reports of activities there, and as such they imagined the colony to be far more successful than it really was. In 1590, they found the remnants of the colony purely by accident, but assumed it was only an outlying base of the main settlement, which they believed was in the Chesapeake Bay area (John White's intended location). But just as the Anglo-Spanish War prevented White from returning in a timely manner, Spanish authorities in the New World could not muster enough support back home for such a venture.[2]:135–37
Hypotheses on the disappearance[link]
The end of the 1587 colony is unrecorded, leading to its being referred to as the "Lost Colony", and there are multiple hypotheses as to the fate of the colonists. The principal hypothesis is that they dispersed and were absorbed by either the local Croatans on Hatteras Island, or another Algonquian people; it has yet to be established if they did assimilate with one or other of the native populations.
Integration with local tribes[link]
In her 2000 book Roanoke: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Colony, historian Lee Miller postulated that some of the Lost Colony survivors sought shelter with the Chowanoke, that was attacked by another tribe, identified by the Jamestown Colony as the "Mandoag" (an Algonquian name commonly given to enemy nations). The "Mandoag" are believed to be either the Tuscarora, an Iroquois-speaking tribe,[12]:45 or the Eno, also known as the Wainoke.[9]:255–56
The so-called "Zuniga Map" (named for Pedro de Zúñiga, the Spanish ambassador to England, who had secured a copy and passed it on to Philip III of Spain[13]:112), drawn circa 1607 by the Jamestown settler Francis Nelson, also gives credence to this claim. The map states "four men clothed that came from roonock" were living in an Iroquois site on the Neuse. William Strachey, a secretary of the Jamestown Colony, wrote in his The historie of travaile into Virginia Britannia in 1612 that, at the Indian settlements of Peccarecanick and Ochanahoen, there were reportedly two-story houses with stone walls. The Indians supposedly learned how to build them from the Roanoke settlers.[14]:222 There were also reported sightings of European captives at various Indian settlements during the same time period.[9]:250 Strachey wrote in 1612 that four English men, two boys, and one maid had been sighted at the Eno settlement of Ritanoc, under the protection of a chief called Eyanoco. The captives were forced to beat copper. The captives, he reported, had escaped the attack on the other colonists and fled up the Chaonoke river, the present-day Chowan River in Bertie County, North Carolina.[9]:242[14]:222[15] For four hundred years, various authors have speculated that the captive girl was Virginia Dare.[citation needed]
John Lawson wrote in his 1709 A New Voyage to Carolina that the Croatans living on Hatteras Island used to live on Roanoke Island and that they claimed to have had white ancestors:
A farther Confirmation of this we have from the Hatteras Indians, who either then lived on Ronoak-Island, or much frequented it. These tell us, that several of their Ancestors were white People, and could talk in a Book, as we do; the Truth of which is confirm'd by gray Eyes being found frequently amongst these Indians, and no others. They value themselves extremely for their Affinity to the English, and are ready to do them all friendly Offices. It is probable, that this Settlement miscarry'd for want of timely Supplies from England; or thro' the Treachery of the Natives, for we may reasonably suppose that the English were forced to cohabit with them, for Relief and Conversation; and that in process of Time, they conform'd themselves to the Manners of their Indian Relations.[16]
From the early 17th century to the middle 18th century European colonists reported encounters with gray-eyed American Indians who claimed descent from the colonists[9]:257, 263 (although at least one, a story of a Welsh priest who met a Doeg warrior who spoke the Welsh language, is likely to be a hoax[17]:76). Records from French Huguenots who settled along the Tar River in 1696 tell of meeting Tuscaroras with blond hair and blue eyes not long after their arrival. As Jamestown was the nearest English settlement and they had no record of being attacked by Tuscarora, the likelihood that origin of those fair-skinned natives was the Lost Colony is high.[12]:28
In the late 1880s, North Carolina state legislator Hamilton McMillan discovered that his "redbones" (those of Indian blood) neighbors in Robeson County claimed to have been descended from the Roanoke settlers. He also noticed that many of the words in their language had striking similarities to obsolete English words. Furthermore, many of the family names were identical to those listed in Hakluyt's account of the colony. Thus on February 10, 1885, convinced that these were the descendants of the Lost Colony, he helped to pass the "Croatan bill", that officially designated the Native American population around Robeson county as Croatan.[14]:231–33 Two days later on February 12, 1885, the Fayetteville Observer published an article regarding the Robeson Native Americans' origins. This article states:
"...They say that their traditions say that the people we call the Croatan Indians (though they do not recognize that name as that of a tribe, but only a village, and that they were Tuscaroras), were always friendly to the whites; and finding them destitute and despairing of ever receiving aid from England, persuaded them to leave [Roanoke Island], and go to the mainland... They gradually drifted away from their original seats, and at length settled in Robeson, about the center of the county..."[18]
However, the case was far from settled. A similar legend claims that the now-extinct Saponi of Person County, North Carolina, are descended from the English colonists of Roanoke Island.[citation needed] Indeed, when these Native Americans were last encountered by subsequent settlers, they noted that these Native Americans already spoke English and were aware of the Christian religion. The historical surnames of this group also correspond with those who lived on Roanoke Island, and many exhibit European physical features along with Native American features. However, no documented evidence exists to link the Saponi to the Roanoke colonists.
Other tribes that claim partial descent from surviving Roanoke colonists include the Catawba (who absorbed the Shakori and Eno people), and the Coree and the Lumbee tribes. The Lost Colony DNA Project was established to test all of these claims.
Furthermore, Samuel A'Court Ashe was convinced that the colonists had relocated westward to the banks of the Chowan River in Bertie County, and Conway Whittle Sams claimed that after being attacked by Wanchese and Powhatan, the colonists scattered to multiple locations: the Chowan River, and south to the Pamlico and Neuse Rivers.[14]:233
Other theories[link]
Chesepians[link]
Historian David Beers Quinn hypothesized that the colony moved wholesale and was later destroyed. When Captain John Smith and the Jamestown colonists settled in Virginia in 1607, one of their assigned tasks was to locate the Roanoke colonists. The weroance Chief Powhatan told Captain Smith about his Virginia Peninsula-based Powhatan Confederacy, and went on to say that he had wiped out the Roanoke colonists just prior to the arrival of the Jamestown settlers because they were living with the Chesepian, a tribe living in the eastern portion of the present-day South Hampton Roads sub-region who, besides having refused to join Chief Powhatan's Powhatan Confederacy,[19]:21–24 were also prophesied to rise up and destroy his empire.[20]:101
Chief Powhatan reportedly produced several English-made iron implements to back his claim, but no bodies were found and no archaeological evidence has been found to support this claim,[21] however, and that which was found at a Chesepian village site in Great Neck Point in present-day Virginia Beach suggests that the Chesepian tribe was related to the Pamlico in Carolina, rather than the Powhatans. There were also reports of a Native American burial mound in the Pine Beach area of Sewell's Point in present day Norfolk, Virginia, where the principal Chesepian village of Skioak may have been located.[citation needed]
Lost at sea, starvation[link]
One possibility is that the colonists simply gave up waiting, tried to return to England on their own, and perished in the attempt. When Governor White left in 1587, he left the colonists with a pinnace and several small ships for exploration of the coast or removal of the colony to the mainland.[citation needed]
Cannibalism[link]
Archaeologist Lawrence Stager has suggested that the colony might have been attacked and its members eaten by Native American cannibals.[22]
Spanish[link]
Another theory is that the Spanish destroyed the colony. Earlier in the century, the Spanish did destroy evidence of the French colony of Fort Charles in coastal South Carolina and then massacred the inhabitants of Fort Caroline, a French colony in present-day Jacksonville, Florida. However, this is unlikely, as the Spanish were still looking for the location of England's failed colony as late as 1600, ten years after White discovered that the colony was missing.[2]:137
Dare Stones[link]
From 1937 to 1941 a series of stones were discovered that claimed to have been written by Eleanor Dare, mother of Virginia Dare. They told of the travelings of the colonists and their ultimate deaths. Most historians believe that they are a fraud, but there are some today that still believe the stones are genuine.[23]
Virginea Pars Map[link]
In May 2011, Brent Lane of the First Colony Foundation was studying the Virginea Pars Map, which was made by John White during his 1585 visit to Roanoake Island, and noticed two patches where the map had been corrected. The patches are made of paper contemporaneous with that of the map. Lane asked researchers at the British Museum in London, where the map has been kept since 1866, what might be under the patches, sparking a research investigation. Under one of the patches, which were made with paper contemporary with that of the map, the symbol for a fort is visible when the map is placed over a light box. [24]
On May 3, 2012, at Wilson Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, members of the Foundation and representatives of the museum announced the discovery of "a large, square-shaped symbol with oddly shaped corners." This symbol presumed to represent a fort is visible when the map is viewed on a light box. Some scholars speculate that the colonists relocated to that location, on what is now called Salmon Creek in the Bertie County community of Merry Hill. The Scotch Hall Preserve golf course community was planned on the site, but it has not been fully developed.[25]
Archaeological evidence[link]
In 1998, East Carolina University organized "The Croatoan Project", an archaeological investigation into the events at Roanoke. The excavation team sent to the island uncovered a 10 carat (42%) gold 16th century English signet ring, gun flints, and two 16th century copper farthings at the site of the ancient Croatoan capital, 50 miles (80 km) from the old Roanoke colony. Genealogists were able to trace the lion crest on the signet ring to the Kendall coat of arms, and concluded that the ring most likely belonged to one Master Kendall who is recorded as having lived in the Ralph Lane colony on Roanoke Island from 1585 to 1586. If this is the case, the ring represents the first material connection between the Roanoke colonists and the Native Americans on Hatteras Island.[26][27][28]
It is also believed that the reason for the extreme deficiency in archaeological evidence is due to shoreline erosion. Since all that was found was a rustic looking fort on the north shore, and this location is well documented and backed up, it is commonly believed that the settlement must have been nearby. The northern shore, between 1851 and 1970, lost 928 feet because of erosion. If in the years leading up to and following the brief life of the settlement at Roanoke, shoreline erosion was following the same trend, it is likely the site of dwellings is underwater, along with any artifacts or signs of life.[29]
Lost Colony DNA Project[link]
Main article: Lost Colony DNA Project
The Lost Colony DNA Project is an ongoing effort underway by the Lost Colony of Roanoke DNA Project at FamilyTreeDNA of Houston, TX. The project will use DNA testing to help determine whether some Lost Colony survivors assimilated with the local Native American tribes either through adoption or enslavement. The project will attempt to locate and test as many potential descendants as possible. Testing is also planned for some of the recovered remains.
Climate factors[link]
Also in 1998, a team led by climatologist David W. Stahle, of the University of Arkansas, Department of Geography, in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and archaeologist Dennis B. Blanton, of the Center for Archaeological Research at The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, used tree ring cores from 800-year-old bald cypresses taken from the Roanoke Island area of North Carolina and the Jamestown area of Virginia to reconstruct precipitation and temperature chronologies.
The researchers concluded that the settlers of the Lost Colony landed at Roanoke Island in the summer of the worst growing-season drought in 800 years. "This drought persisted for 3 years, from 1587 to 1589, and is the driest 3-year episode in the entire 800-year reconstruction," the team reported in the journal Science. A map shows that "the Lost Colony drought affected the entire southeastern United States but was particularly severe in the Tidewater region near Roanoke [Island]." The authors suggested that the Croatan who were shot and killed by the colonists may have been scavenging the abandoned village for food as a result of the drought.[30][31]
Portrayals and re-enactments[link]
Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Paul Green wrote The Lost Colony in 1937 to commemorate the 350th anniversary of the birth of Virginia Dare. The play presents a conjecture of the fate of Roanoke Colony. It has played at Waterside Theater at Fort Raleigh National Historic Site on Roanoke Island nearly continuously since, with the only interruption being during World War II. Alumni of the cast include Andy Griffith (who played Sir Walter Raleigh), William Ivey Long, Chris Elliott, Terrence Mann, and Daily Show correspondent Dan Bakkedahl.
See also[link]
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h Quinn, David B. (1985-02). Set Fair for Roanoke: Voyages and Colonies, 1584-1606. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-0-8078-4123-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=DvA0Az4owikC. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f Kupperman, Karen Ordahl (1984-01-25). Roanoke, The Abandoned Colony. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-7339-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=CfqZ2SbQbh4C&pg=PA124. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ "Teacher Handbook to Roanoke Revisited". Fort Raleigh National Historic Site. National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/fora/forteachers/teacher-handbook-to-roanoke-revisited.htm. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ a b Milton, Giles (2001-10-19). Big Chief Elizabeth: The Adventures and Fate of the First English Colonists in America. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-42018-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=2KOxKem5utIC&pg=PA91. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ a b Blacker, Irwin (1965). Hakluyt's Voyages: The Principle Navigations Voyages Traffiques & Discoveries of the English Nation. New York: The Viking Press. pp. 522.
- ^ Lane, Ralph. "The Account by Ralph Lane. An account of the particularities of the imployments of the English men left in Virginia by Richard Greenevill under the charge of Master Ralph Lane Generall of the same, from the 17. of August 1585. until the 18. of June 1586. at which time they departed the Countrey; sent and directed to Sir Walter Ralegh.". Old South Leaflets (General Series) ; No. 119.. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/lane/lane.html. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ a b Fleming, Walter Lynwood (1909). The South in the Building of the Nation: History of the States. The Southern historical publication society. http://books.google.com/books?id=GbsRAAAAYAAJ. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Grizzard, Frank E.; Smith, D. Boyd (2007). Jamestown Colony: A Political, Social, and Cultural History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-637-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=555CzPsGLDMC&pg=PA120. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Miller, Lee (2000). Roanoke: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Colony. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55970-584-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=A_T0GyxK9DYC. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Neville, John D.. "The John White Colony". National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/archive/fora/johnwhite.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ^ Harriot, Thomas. Nina Baym. ed. A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia. The Norton Anthology of American Literature.
- ^ a b Smallwood, Arwin D. (2002-10-16). Bertie County: An Eastern Carolina History. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-2395-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=OBSvQutgfaoC. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
- ^ Hunter, Douglas (2010-08-31). Half Moon: Henry Hudson and the Voyage That Redrew the Map of the New World. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-60819-098-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=kMykb1AbSHsC. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d Stick, David (1983-11). Roanoke Island, The Beginnings of English America. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-0-8078-4110-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=EoECT_ZPdHUC. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
- ^ Warner, Charles Dudley, Captain John Smith, 1881. Repr. in Captain John Smith Project Gutenberg Text, accessed April 1, 2008.
- ^ Lawson, John (1709). A New Voyage to Carolina. London. p. 48. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1838.
- ^ Williams, Gwyn A. (1979). Madoc, The Making of a Myth. Eyre Methuen. ISBN 978-0-413-39450-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=7QYJAQAAIAAJ. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ^ "The Croatan Indians of Robeson". Fayetteville Observer. February 12, 1885. http://www.skarorehkatenuakanation.org/1885observer.html. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
- ^ Parramore, Thomas C.; Stewart, Peter C.; Bogger, Tommy L. (2000-04). Norfolk: The First Four Centuries. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-1988-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=pWiCMTB35mEC. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ^ Strachey, William (1612). The Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia: Expressing the cosmographie and comodities of the country, togither with the manners and customes of the people. Hakluyt Society. http://books.google.com/books?id=fYYMAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ^ McMullan, Jr., Philip S.. "A Search for the Lost Colony in Beechland". The Lost Colony Center for Science and Research. http://www.lost-colony.com/Beechland.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ Stager, Lawrence "An Investigation into the Roanoke Colony" in the Harvard Alumni Magazine retrieved 8/17/09
- ^ La Vere, David (July 2009). "The 1937 Chowan River ‘Dare Stone’: A Re-evaluation". North Carolina Historical Review.
- ^ "Ancient Map Gives Clue to Fate of Lost Colony," The Daily Telegraph, telegraph.com, 4 May 2012, accessed 16 May 2012.
- ^ Price, Jay (4 May 2012). "Old map offers new clues to fate of the Lost Colony". The Charlotte Observer.
- ^ Family Crest on Sixteenth-Century Gold Ring Tentatively Identified
- ^ "Croatan Dig 1998-1999 Season". Outer-banks.com. 1999-10-25. http://www.outer-banks.com/hatteras-school/dig98.html. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
- ^ "Guide to the Croatan 16". http://digital.lib.ecu.edu/special/ead/findingaids/1061/.
- ^ Dolan, Robert; Kenton Bosserman (September 1972). "Shoreline Erosion and the Lost Colony". Annals of the Association of American Geographers 62 (3): 424–426. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1972.tb00875.x.
- ^ Stahle, David W. et al. (1998). "The Lost Colony and Jamestown Droughts". Science 280 (5363): 564–567. DOI:10.1126/science.280.5363.564. PMID 9554842.
- ^ Caroline Lee Heuer, Jonathon T. Overpeck. "Drought: A Paleo Perspective - Lost Colony and Jamestown Drought". Ncdc.noaa.gov. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_james.html. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
- Further reading
- Hariot, Thomas, John White and John Lawson (1999). A Vocabulary of Roanoke. Evolution Publishing: Merchantville, NJ. ISBN 1-889758-81-7. This volume contains practically everything known about the Croatan language spoken on Roanoke Island.
- Miller, Lee, Roanoke: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Colony Retrieved April 2011
- Giles Milton (2000). Big Chief Elizabeth. Farrar, Straus and Giroux: New York. ISBN 0-374-26501-1. Critically acclaimed account, based on contemporary travel accounts from 1497–1611, of attempts to establish a colony in the Roanoke area.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
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| Name | Colony, Roanoke |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Roanoke_Colony
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Роанок
http://fr.wn.com/Colonie de Roanoke
http://nl.wn.com/Roanoke (kolonie)
http://pt.wn.com/Colônia de Roanoke
http://de.wn.com/Roanoke (Kolonie)
http://it.wn.com/Colonia di Roanoke
http://pl.wn.com/Roanoke (kolonia)
http://es.wn.com/Roanoke (colonia)
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Leonard Nimoy | |
|---|---|
 Leonard Nimoy in 2011. |
|
| Born | Leonard Simon Nimoy (1931-03-26) March 26, 1931 (age 81) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Residence | Los Angeles, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Actor, film director, poet, photographer, singer, songwriter |
| Years active | 1951–present |
| Home town | Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Television | the original Star Trek series |
| Spouse | Sandra Zober (1954–1987) Susan Bay (1988–present) |
Leonard Simon Nimoy (
/ˈniːmɔɪ/ NEE-moy; born March 26, 1931) is an American actor, film director, poet, musician and photographer. Nimoy's most famous role is that of Spock in the original Star Trek series (1966–1969), and in multiple film, television, and video-game sequels.
Nimoy began his career in his early twenties, teaching acting classes in Hollywood and making minor film and television appearances through the 1950s, as well as playing the title role in Kid Monk Baroni. In 1953, he served in the United States Army. In 1965, he made his first appearance in the rejected Star Trek pilot, "The Cage", and would go on to play the character of Mr. Spock until 1969, followed by seven feature films and guest slots in various sequels. His character of Spock had a significant cultural impact and garnered Nimoy three Emmy Award nominations; TV Guide named Spock one of the 50 greatest TV characters.[1][2] After the original Star Trek series, Nimoy starred in Mission: Impossible for two seasons, hosted the documentary series In Search of..., and narrated Civilization IV, as well as making several well-received stage appearances.
Nimoy's fame as Spock is such that both his autobiographies, I Am Not Spock (1977) and I Am Spock (1995) detail his existence as being shared between the character and himself.[3][4]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Nimoy was born in Boston, Massachusetts in the West End,[5] to Yiddish-speaking Orthodox Jewish immigrants from Iziaslav, Soviet Union (now Ukraine).[6][7][8][9] His father, Max Nimoy, owned a barbershop in the Mattapan section of the city. His mother, Dora Nimoy (née Spinner), was a homemaker.[10][11] Nimoy began acting at the age of eight in children's and neighborhood theater. His parents wanted him to attend college and pursue a stable career, or even learn to play the accordion—which, his father advised, Nimoy could always make a living with—but his grandfather encouraged him to become an actor.[12] His first major role was at 17, as Ralphie in an amateur production of Clifford Odets' Awake and Sing!.[13] Nimoy took drama classes at Boston College in 1953 but failed to complete his studies,[14] and in the 1970s studied photography at the University of California, Los Angeles.[12] He has an MA in Education from Antioch College, an honorary doctorate from Antioch University in Ohio [15], and an honorary doctorate of humane letters from Boston University. [16]
Nimoy served as a sergeant in the U.S. Army from 1953 through 1955,[17] alongside fellow actor Ken Berry and architect Frank Gehry.
Career[link]
Stage and screen[link]
Nimoy's film and television acting career began in 1951, but after receiving the title role in the 1952 film Kid Monk Baroni, a story about a street punk turned professional boxer, he played more than 50 small parts in B movies, TV shows such as Dragnet, and serials such as Republic Pictures' Zombies of the Stratosphere (1952). To support his family Nimoy often worked other jobs, such as delivering newspapers in the morning.[18]
He played an Army sergeant in the 1954 science fiction thriller, Them!, a professor in the 1958 science fiction movie The Brain Eaters, and had a role in The Balcony (1963), a film adaptation of the Jean Genet play. Together with Vic Morrow, he produced a 1966 version of Deathwatch, an English language film version of Genet's play Haute Surveillance, adapted and directed by Morrow and starring Nimoy.
On television Nimoy appeared as "Sonarman" in two episodes of the 1957–1958 syndicated military drama, The Silent Service, based on actual events of the submarine section of the United States Navy. He had guest roles in the Sea Hunt series from 1958 to 1960 and had a minor role in The Twilight Zone episode "A Quality of Mercy" in 1961. He also appeared in Highway Patrol.
Nimoy appeared three times on NBC's Wagon Train, the No. 1 program of 1962. He portrayed as Bernabe Zamora in "The Estaban Zamora Story" (1959), "Cherokee Ned" in "The Maggie Hamilton Story" (1960), and Joaquin Delgado in "The Tiburcio Mendez Story" (1961). Susan Oliver played Maggie Hamilton, a young runaway who loathes life on the trail. In the episode Nimoy's Cherokee Ned gets into a fight with scout Flint McCullough, played by Robert Horton, who is searching for Maggie. [19]
Throughout the 1960s, Nimoy appeared in a number of other TV series including Bonanza (1960),The Rebel (1960), Two Faces West (1961), Rawhide (episode, Incident Before Black Pass. 1961), The Untouchables (1962), The Eleventh Hour (1962), Combat! (1963, 1965), The series Daniel Boone, and Perry Mason (1963), The Outer Limits (1964), The Virginian (1965) and Get Smart (1966). He appeared again in the 1995 Outer Limits series, again in the episode "I, Robot".
On the stage, Nimoy played the lead-role alien of a short run of Gore Vidal's A Visit to a Small Planet in 1968, shortly before the end of the Star Trek series. This play was staged at the now-folded Pheasant Run Playhouse in St. Charles, Illinois.[20]
Nimoy and William Shatner first worked together on an episode of The Man from U.N.C.L.E., "The Project Strigas Affair" (1964). Their characters were from either side of the Iron Curtain, though with his saturnine looks, Nimoy was predictably the villain, with Shatner playing a reluctant U.N.C.L.E. recruit.
Nimoy first worked with DeForest Kelley in an episode of The Virginian from season two titled "Man of Violence", with Kelley as the doctor and Nimoy as the patient.
[edit] Star Trek
| “ | For the first time I had a job that lasted longer than two weeks and a dressing room with my name painted on the door and not chalked on | ” |
|
—Nimoy, on being cast as Spock[21] |
||
Nimoy's greatest prominence came from his role in the original Star Trek series. As the half-Vulcan, half-human Spock—a role he chose instead of one on the soap opera Peyton Place—Nimoy became a star, and the press predicted that he would "have his choice of movies or television series."[18] He formed a long-standing friendship with Shatner, who portrayed his commanding officer, saying of their relationship, "We were like brothers."[22] Star Trek: The Original Series was broadcast from 1966 to 1969. Nimoy earned three Emmy nominations for his work on the iconic program that has defined American television science fiction, both for fans of science fiction, and beyond.
He went on to reprise the Spock character in a voice-over role in Star Trek: The Animated Series (so much so, that the episode "Yesteryear" is the only ST:TAS episode to have been accepted as Star Trek canon). Two episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation and six Star Trek movies feature the original Star Trek cast. He played the elder Spock in the 2009 Star Trek movie, directed by J. J. Abrams, the film being widely credited with revitalizing the franchise.
Spock's Vulcan salute became a recognized symbol of the show identified with him. Nimoy created the sign himself from his childhood memories of the way kohanim (Jewish priests) held their hand when giving blessings. During an interview, he translated the Priestly Blessing which accompanied the sign[23] and described it during a public lecture:[24]
- May the Lord bless and keep you and may the Lord cause his countenance to shine upon you. May the Lord be gracious unto you and grant you peace.
Nimoy was asked to read these verses as part of his narration for Civilization IV.[citation needed]
[edit] After Star Trek
Following Star Trek in 1969, Nimoy immediately joined the cast of the spy series Mission: Impossible, which was seeking a replacement for Martin Landau. Nimoy was cast in the role of Paris, an IMF agent who was an ex-magician and make-up expert 'The Great Paris'. He played the role during the fourth and fifth seasons of the show from 1969 to 1971.
He co-starred with Yul Brynner and Richard Crenna in the Western movie Catlow (1971). He also had roles in Night Gallery (1972) and Columbo (1973) where he played a murderous doctor who was one of the few criminals with whom Columbo became angry. Nimoy appeared in various made for television films such as Assault on the Wayne (1970), Baffled (1972), The Alpha Caper (1973), The Missing Are Deadly (1974), Seizure: The Story Of Kathy Morris (1980), and Marco Polo (1982). He received an Emmy award nomination for best supporting actor for the TV film A Woman Called Golda (1982).
In 1975, Leonard Nimoy filmed an opening introduction to Ripley's World of the Unexplained museum located at Gatlinburg, Tennessee and Fisherman's Wharf at San Francisco, California. In the late 1970s, he hosted and narrated the television series In Search of..., which investigated paranormal or unexplained events or subjects. He also has a memorable character part as a psychiatrist in Philip Kaufman's remake of Invasion of the Body Snatchers.
During this time, Nimoy also won acclaim for a series of stage roles. He appeared in such plays as Vincent, Fiddler on the Roof, The Man in the Glass Booth, Oliver!, Six Rms Riv Vu, Full Circle[disambiguation needed 
], Camelot, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, The King and I, Caligula, The Four Poster, Twelfth Night, Sherlock Holmes, Equus and My Fair Lady.
[edit] Star Trek films
When a new Star Trek series was planned in the late 1970s, Nimoy was to be in only two out of eleven episodes, but when the show was elevated to a feature film, he agreed to reprise his role. After directing a few television show episodes, Nimoy started film directing in 1984 with the third installment of the film series. Nimoy would go on to direct the second most successful film (critically and financially) in the franchise after the 2009 Star Trek film, Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986), and Three Men and a Baby, the highest grossing film of 1987, made him a star director.[21] At a press conference promoting the 2009 Star Trek movie, Nimoy made it clear that he had no further plans or ambition to direct:
No. No, I'm done with all that, thank you. I never set out to be a director. After Spock had died, sort of, in Star Trek II, they brought me in for a meeting and asked if I'd like to be involved in Star Trek III, in the making of it, and I had been told that I should be directing. I took it as an insult because I thought, "what's wrong with my acting?" But I thought maybe now I should do that and I said I'd like to direct the movie, and I suddenly found myself with a directing career which I had enjoyed and I had enough of it. I directed I think five or six films – I had a good time.[25]
[edit] Other work after Star Trek
In 1978, Nimoy played Dr. David Kibner in Invasion of the Body Snatchers. He also did occasional work as a voice actor in animated feature films, including the character of Galvatron in The Transformers: The Movie in 1986.
Nimoy was featured as the voice-over narrator for the CBS paranormal series Haunted Lives: True Ghost Stories in 1991.
In 1991, Nimoy teamed up with Robert B. Radnitz to produce a movie for TNT about a pro bono publico lawsuit brought by public interest attorney William John Cox on behalf of Mel Mermelstein, an Auschwitz survivor, against a group of organizations engaged in Holocaust denial. Nimoy also played the Mermelstein role and believes: "If every project brought me the same sense of fulfillment that Never Forget did, I would truly be in paradise."[26]
Nimoy performed as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in The Pagemaster in 1994. In 1998, he had a leading role as Mustapha Mond in the made-for-television production of Aldous Huxley's Brave New World.
Together with John De Lancie, another ex-actor from the Star Trek series, Nimoy created Alien Voices, an audio-production venture that specializes in audio dramatizations. Among the works jointly narrated by the couple are The Time Machine, A Journey to the Center of the Earth, The Lost World, The Invisible Man, and The First Men in the Moon, as well as several television specials for the Sci-Fi Channel. In an interview published on the official Star Trek website, Nimoy said that Alien Voices was discontinued because the series didn't sell well enough to recoup costs.
From 1994 until 1998, Nimoy narrated the Ancient Mysteries series on A&E including "The Sacred Water of Lourdes" and "Secrets of the Romanovs". He also appeared in advertising in the United Kingdom for the computer company Time Computers in the late 1990s. In 1997, Nimoy played the prophet Samuel, alongside Nathaniel Parker, in The Bible Collection movie "David". He had a central role in Brave New World, a 1998 TV-movie version of Aldous Huxley's novel where he played a character reminiscent of Spock in his philosophical balancing of unpredictable human qualities with the need for control. Nimoy has also appeared in several popular television series — including Futurama and The Simpsons — as both himself and Spock.
Nimoy appeared in Hearts of Space program number 142 – "Whales alive."
In 1999, he voiced the narration of the English version of the Sega Dreamcast game Seaman and promoted Y2K educational films.[27]
In 2000, he provided on-camera hosting and introductions for 45 half-hour episodes of an anthology series entitled Our 20th Century on the AEN TV Network. The series covers world news, sports, entertainment, technology, and fashion using original archive news clips from 1930 to 1975 from the National Archives in Washington D.C. and other private archival sources.
In 2003, he announced his retirement from acting to concentrate on photography, but subsequently appeared in several television commercials with William Shatner for Priceline.com. He appeared in a commercial for Aleve, an arthritis pain medication, which aired during the 2006 Super Bowl.
Nimoy provided a comprehensive series of voiceovers for the 2005 computer game Civilization IV. He did the TV series Next Wave where he interviewed people about technology. He is the host in the documentary film The Once and Future Griffith Observatory currently running in the Leonard Nimoy Event Horizon Theater located at the recently reopened Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, California.
In 2007, he produced the play, Shakespeare's Will by Canadian Playwright Vern Thiessen. The one-woman show starred Jeanmarie Simpson as Shakespeare's wife, Anne Hathaway. The production was directed by Nimoy's wife, Susan Bay.[28][29][30]
Nimoy was given casting approval over who would play the young Spock in the newest film.[31]
On January 6, 2009, he was interviewed by William Shatner on Biography Channel's Shatner's Raw Nerve.
In May 2009, he made an appearance as the mysterious Dr. William Bell in the season finale of Fringe, which explores the existence of a parallel universe. Nimoy returned as Dr. Bell in the autumn for an extended arc, and according to Roberto Orci, co-creator of Fringe, Bell will be "the beginning of the answers to even bigger questions."[32][33] This choice led one reviewer to question if Fringe's plot might be a homage to the Star Trek episode "Mirror, Mirror", which featured an alternate reality "Mirror Universe" concept and an evil version of Spock distinguished by a goatee.[34]
File:Leonard.JPG
The handprints of Leonard Nimoy in front of The Great Movie Ride at Walt Disney World's Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park
On the May 9, 2009 episode of Saturday Night Live, Nimoy appeared as a surprise guest on the skit "Weekend Update". During a mock interview, Nimoy called old Trekkies who did not like the new movie "dickheads". In the 2009 Star Trek movie, he plays the older Spock from the original Star Trek timeline; Zachary Quinto portrays the young Spock.
Starring with Will Ferrell in the TV-based movie Land of the Lost in June 2009, he voiced the part of "The Zarn", an Altrusian.
Nimoy is also a frequent and popular reader for "Selected Shorts", an ongoing series of programs at Symphony Space in New York City (that also tours around the country) which features actors, and sometimes authors, reading works of short fiction. The programs are broadcast on radio and available on websites through Public Radio International, National Public Radio and WNYC radio. Nimoy was honored by Symphony Space with the renaming of the Thalia Theater as the Leonard Nimoy Thalia Theater.
Nimoy has also provided voiceovers for the Star Trek Online massively multiplayer online game, released in February 2010,[35] as well as Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep as Master Xehanort, the series' leading villain. Tetsuya Nomura, the director of Birth by Sleep, stated that he chose Nimoy for the role specifically because of his role as Spock.
Retirement[link]
In April 2010, Leonard Nimoy announced that he is retiring from playing the signature character of Star Trek's Spock, citing both his advanced age and the desire to give Zachary Quinto the opportunity to enjoy full media attention with the Spock character.[36] Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep was to be his final performance. However, in February 2011, he announced his definite plan to return to Fringe and reprise his role as William Bell.[37] His retirement from acting has not included voice acting, as his appearance in the third season of Fringe includes his voice (his character appears only in animated scenes), and he provided the voice of Sentinel Prime in Transformers: Dark of the Moon. In May 2011 Nimoy starred in the alternate version music video of Bruno Mars' The Lazy Song. Aaron Bay-Schuck, the Atlantic Records executive who signed Bruno Mars to the label, is Nimoy's stepson.[38] Nimoy provided the voice of Spock as a guest star in a Season 5 episode of the CBS sitcom, The Big Bang Theory. The episode is titled "The Transporter Malfunction" and aired on March 29, 2012.[39] He also lent his voice as narrator to the free documentary "Destiny in Space" showcasing video and images of space from nine shuttle missions over four years time. In Spring 2012, Nimoy reprised his role of William Bell on Fringe, in the fourth season episodes "Letters of Transit" and "Brave New World".[40] Nimoy is confirmed to be reprising his role as Master Xehanort in the upcoming game Kingdom Hearts: Dream Drop Distance.
Photography[link]
Nimoy's interest in photography began in childhood; he still owns a camera which he rebuilt at the age of 13. His photography studies at UCLA occurred after Star Trek and Mission: Impossible, when Nimoy seriously considered changing careers. His work has been exhibited at the R. Michelson Galleries in Northampton, Massachusetts[12] and the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art.
Writing[link]
 |
This section may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (November 2008) |
Nimoy has written two volumes of autobiography. The first was called I Am Not Spock (1977) and was controversial, as many fans incorrectly assumed that Nimoy was distancing himself from the Spock character. In the book, Nimoy conducts dialogues between himself and Spock. The contents of this first autobiography also touched on a self-proclaimed "identity crisis" that seemed to haunt Nimoy throughout his career. It also related to an apparent love/hate relationship with the character of Spock and the Trek franchise.
| “ | I went through a definite identity crisis. The question was whether to embrace Mr. Spock or to fight the onslaught of public interest. I realize now that I really had no choice in the matter. Spock and Star Trek were very much alive and there wasn’t anything that I could do to change that.[41] | ” |
The second volume, I Am Spock (1995), saw Nimoy communicating that he finally realized his years of portraying the Spock character had led to a much greater identification between the fictional character and himself. Nimoy had much input into how Spock would act in certain situations, and conversely, Nimoy's contemplation of how Spock acted gave him cause to think about things in a way that he never would have thought if he had not portrayed the character. As such, in this autobiography Nimoy maintains that in some meaningful sense he has merged with Spock while at the same time maintaining the distance between fact and fiction.
Nimoy has also written several volumes of poetry, some published along with a number of his photographs. His latest effort is titled A Lifetime of Love: Poems on the Passages of Life (2002). His poetry can be found in the Contemporary Poets index of The HyperTexts.[42] In the mid-1970s Nimoy wrote and starred in a one-man play called Vincent based on the play Van Gogh by Phillip Stephens.
In 1995, Nimoy was involved in the production of Primortals, a comic book series published by Tekno Comix about first contact with aliens, which had arisen from a discussion he had with Isaac Asimov. There was a novelization by Steve Perry.
Music[link]
During and following Star Trek, Nimoy also released five albums of vocal recordings on Dot Records,[43] including Trek-related songs such as "Highly Illogical", and cover versions of popular tunes, such as "Proud Mary". He has described how his recording career got started:
- Charles Grean of Dot Records had arranged with the studio to do an album of space music based on music from Star Trek, and he has a teenage daughter who's a fan of the show and a fan of Mr. Spock. She said, 'Well, if you're going to do an album of music from Star Trek, then Mr. Spock should be on the album.' So Dot contacted me and asked me if I would be interested in either speaking or singing on the record. I said I was very interested in doing both. ...That was the first album we did, which was called Mr. Spock's Music from Outer Space. It was very well received and successful enough that Dot then approached me and asked me to sign a long-term contract.[44]
The albums were popular and resulted in numerous live appearances and promotional record signings that attracted crowds of fans in the thousands. The early recordings were produced by Charles Grean, who may be best known for his version of "Quentin's Theme" from the mid-sixties goth soap opera Dark Shadows. These recordings are generally regarded as unintentionally camp, though his tongue-in-cheek performance of "The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins" received a fair amount of airplay when Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings films were released.
In addition to his own music career he directed a 1985 music video for The Bangles' "Going Down to Liverpool". He makes a brief cameo appearance in the video as their driver. This came about because his son Adam Nimoy (now a frequent television director) was a friend of Bangles lead singer Susanna Hoffs from college. He released a version of Johnny Cash's song "I Walk the Line".
Nimoy's voice appeared in sampled form on a song by the pop band Information Society in the late Eighties. The song, "What's on Your Mind (Pure Energy)" (released in 1988), reached No. 3 on the US Pop charts, and No. 1 on Dance charts. The group's self-titled LP contains several other samples from the original Star Trek television series.
Nimoy also appears in the alternate music video for the song "Lazy Song" by pop artist Bruno Mars.[45]
Personal life[link]
Nimoy has long been active in the Jewish community, and he can speak and read Yiddish. In 1997, he narrated the documentary A Life Apart: Hasidism in America, about the various sects of Hasidic Orthodox Jews. In October 2002, Nimoy published The Shekhina Project, a photographic study exploring the feminine aspect of God's presence, inspired by Kabbalah.
Nimoy has been married twice. In 1954, he married actress Sandra Zober (1927–2011), whom he divorced in 1987.[12] He had two children with her, director Adam Nimoy and Julie Nimoy, who both appeared in an Oldsmobile commercial, with the tagline "This is not your father's Oldsmobile". In 1988, he married actress Susan Bay, who is a cousin of director Michael Bay.[46]
In a 2001 DVD,[47] Nimoy revealed that he became an alcoholic while working on Star Trek and ended up in rehab.[48] William Shatner, in his 2008 book Up Till Now: The Autobiography, speaks about how later in their lives Nimoy tried to help Shatner's alcoholic wife.
Nimoy still has the last pair of Spock's ears he wore on the series, as a memento. He has said that the character of Spock, which he played twelve to fourteen hours a day, five days a week, influenced his personality in private life. Each weekend during the original run of the series, he would be in character throughout Saturday and into Sunday, behaving more like Spock than himself: more logical, more rational, more thoughtful, less emotional and finding a calm in every situation. It was only on Sunday in the early afternoon that Spock's influence on his behavior would fade off and he would feel more himself again – only to start the cycle over Monday morning.[49]
Nimoy also introduced the Vulcan nerve pinch in an early Star Trek episode "The Enemy Within".[50] Initially, Spock was supposed to knock out an evil Kirk in the Engineering room by striking him on the back of the head. Nimoy felt that the action was not in keeping with the nature of Spock's character, so he suggested the "pinch" as a non-violent alternative, suggesting that Vulcans have the ability to emit energy from their fingertips, which, if applied to the correct nerve cluster, could render a human unconscious.[50] Nimoy explained this to the episode's director and according to Nimoy, the director had no idea what he was talking about. However, Nimoy would express relief in later interviews and appearances that when he explained the concept to William Shatner, he understood it immediately, and Nimoy credits Shatner's reaction to the nerve pinch in the episode as what really sold it. In early scripts for Star Trek, the nerve pinch was referred to as the "F.S.N.P.," which stood for "Famous Spock Neck Pinch."[51][52]
He has remained good friends with co-star William Shatner (also of Ukrainian-Jewish descent) and was best man at Shatner's third marriage in 1997. Shatner is only four days older than Nimoy. He also remained good friends with DeForest Kelley until Kelley's death in 1999.
The Space Foundation named Nimoy as the recipient of the 2010 Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award[53] for creating a positive role model that inspired untold numbers of viewers to learn more about the universe. An honor Nimoy did not receive, however, was the naming of asteroid 2309 Mr. Spock after his character, at least not directly. The asteroid was named by discoverer James B. Gibson after his pet cat, "Mr. Spock," said feline indeed being named after the Star Trek character.
In 2009, Nimoy was honored by his childhood hometown when the Office of Mayor Thomas Menino proclaimed the date of November 14, 2009 as Leonard Nimoy Day in the City of Boston.[54]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1951 | Rhubarb | Young Ball Player | |
| 1952 | Kid Monk Baroni | Paul 'Monk' Baroni | |
| Zombies of the Stratosphere | Narab | ||
| 1952 | Francis Goes to West Point | Football player | Spoken part but uncredited |
| 1953 | Old Overland Trail | Chief Black Hawk | |
| 1954 | Them! | Army Staff Sergeant | |
| 1954 | Dragnet | Julius Carver & Karlo Rozwadowski | (TV series) Episodes "The Big Boys" in 1954 & "The Big Name" in 1959. |
| 1956 | The West Point Story | Tom Kennedy & ? | (TV series) 2 episodes, "His Brother's Fist" (1956) & "Cold Peril" (1957) |
| 1957 | Highway Patrol | Harry Wells, Ray | (TV series) 2 episodes, as Harry Wells in "Hot Dust" (1957) & Ray in "Blood Money" (1958) |
| 1958 | The Brain Eaters | Professor Cole | |
| Sea Hunt | Indio | (TV series) 6 episodes (1958–1960) | |
| 1960 | Bonanza | Freddy | (TV series) Episode "The Ape" |
| M Squad | Bob Nash | (TV series) Episode "Badge for a Coward" | |
| 1961 | The Twilight Zone | Hansen | (TV series) (Episode "A Quality of Mercy") |
| Rawhide | Anko | (TV series) Episode "Incident Before Black Pass" | |
| 1963 | Perry Mason | Pete Chennery | (TV Series) Episode "The Case of the Shoplifter's Shoe" |
| The Balcony | Roger | ||
| The Virginian | Lt. Beldon M.D. | (TV series) Episode "Man of Violence" | |
| 1964 | The Outer Limits | Konig | (TV series) (Episode "Production and Decay of Strange Particles") |
| The Outer Limits | Judson Ellis | (TV series) (Episode "I, Robot") | |
| The Man From U.N.C.L.E. | Vladeck | (TV series) Episode "The Project Strigas Affair" | |
| 1966 | Get Smart | Stryker | (TV series) (Episode "The Dead Spy Scrawls") |
| Gunsmoke | John Walking Fox | (TV series) (Episode "Treasure of John Walking Fox") | |
| Daniel Boone | Oontah | (TV series) (Episode "Seminole Territory") | |
| Deathwatch | Jules LaFranc | ||
| 1966 | Star Trek | Mr. Spock (1966–1969) |
(TV series) (79 episodes) |
| 1969 | Mission: Impossible | Paris (1969–1971) |
(TV series) (49 episodes) |
| 1971 | Assault on the Wayne | Commander Phil Kettenring | (TV) |
| Catlow | Miller | ||
| 1973 | Baffled! | Tom Kovack | (TV) |
| Columbo: A Stitch in Crime | Dr. Barry Mayfield | (TV) | |
| Star Trek: The Animated Series | Mr. Spock (1973–1974) |
(voice) (22 episodes) | |
| 1974 | Rex Harrison Presents Stories of Love | Mick | (TV) |
| 1976 | In Search of... | Narrator (1976–1982) |
(TV series) |
| 1978 | Invasion of the Body Snatchers | Dr. David Kibner | |
| 1979 | Star Trek: The Motion Picture | Mr. Spock | |
| 1981 | Vincent | Theo van Gogh | (TV) |
| 1982 | A Woman Called Golda | Morris Meyerson | (TV) |
| Marco Polo | Achmet | (TV mini-series) | |
| Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan | Captain Spock | ||
| 1983 | T.J. Hooker | Paul McGuire | (TV Series) (Episode "Vengeance is Mine") |
| 1984 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | Captain Spock | Appears in last few scenes. Also director. |
| The Sun Also Rises | Count Mippipopolous | (TV) | |
| 1986 | The Transformers: The Movie | Galvatron | (voice), main Decepticon antagonist/main villain |
| Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home | Captain Spock | Also director. | |
| Faerie Tale Theatre | The Evil Moroccan Magician | (TV Series) (Episode "Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp") | |
| 1989 | Star Trek V: The Final Frontier | Captain Spock | |
| 1991 | Never Forget | Mel Mermelstein | (TV) |
| Haunted Lives: True Ghost Stories | Narrator | (TV) | |
| Star Trek: The Next Generation | Ambassador Spock (2 episodes) |
(TV series) (episodes "Unification: Part 1" & "Unification: Part 2") | |
| Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country | Captain Spock | ||
| 1993 | The Halloween Tree | Mr. Moundshroud | (voice) |
| 1994 | The Pagemaster | Dr. Henry Jekyll / Mr. Edward Hyde | (voice) |
| 1995 | Bonanza: Under Attack | Frank James | (TV) |
| The Outer Limits | Thomas Cutler | (TV series) (episode "I, Robot") | |
| Titanica | Narrator | (documentary) | |
| 1997 | David | Samuel | (TV) |
| Duckman: Private Dick/Family Man | Cameos | (TV series) Episode: "Where No Duckman Has Gone Before" | |
| 1998 | The Harryhausen Chronicles | Narrator | (documentary) |
| Brave New World | Mustapha Mond | (TV) | |
| 2000 | Seaman (video game) | Narrator | (video game) |
| Sinbad: Beyond the Veil of Mists | Akron/Baraka/King Chandra | (voice) | |
| 2001 | Becker | Professor Emmett Fowler | (TV series) (episode "The TorMentor") |
| 2002 | Futurama | Spock | (TV series) (episode "Where No Fan Has Gone Before") |
| Atlantis: The Lost Empire | King Kashekim Nedakh | (voice) | |
| 2005 | Civilization IV | Narrator | (video game), (voice) |
| 2009 | Star Trek | Spock Prime | |
| Land of the Lost | The Zarn | (voice) | |
| 2009 | Fringe | Dr. William Bell (2009-2012) | recurring role[55] |
| 2010 | Star Trek Online | Mr. Spock (Narrator) | (video game), (voice) |
| Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep | Master Xehanort[56] | (video game), (voice)[57] | |
| 2011 | Transformers: Dark of the Moon | Sentinel Prime (also as Spock on a television set in the background) | (voice)[58] |
| 2012 | The Big Bang Theory | Action Figure Spock | (voice)[59] |
| Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance | Master Xehanort | (video game), (voice)[60] |
Director[link]
- Vincent: Based on the play "Van Gogh" by Phillip Stephens (1978–1981)
- Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984)
- Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986)
- Three Men and a Baby (1987)
- The Good Mother (1988)
- Funny About Love (1990)
- Holy Matrimony (1994)
- episodes of Night Gallery, T.J. Hooker, The Powers of Matthew Star and Deadly Games
Videography[link]
Music videos[link]
- "Bilbo Baggins" by Leonard Nimoy
- "Going Down to Liverpool" by The Bangles (1985)
- "The Lazy Song" by Bruno Mars (2011)
Writer[link]
Bibliography[link]
- I Am Not Spock (1977)
- Vincent: Based on the play "Van Gogh" by Phillip Stephens (1978)
- Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979) (Contributions uncredited)[citation needed]
- Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984) (Contributions uncredited)[citation needed]
- Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986)
- Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991)
- I Am Spock (1995)
- Shekhina photography (2005) (ISBN 978-1-884167-16-4)
- The Full Body Project (2008)
Poetry[link]
- You & I (1973) (ISBN 978-0-912310-26-8)
- Will I Think of You? (1974) (ISBN 0912310701)
- We Are All Children Searching for Love: A Collection of Poems and Photographs (1977) (ISBN 978-0-88396-024-0)
- Come be With Me (1978) (ISBN 978-0-88396-033-2)
- These Words are for You (1981) (ISBN 978-0-88396-148-3)
- Warmed by Love (1983) (ISBN 978-0-88396-200-8)
- A Lifetime of Love: Poems on the Passages of Life (2002) (ISBN 978-0-88396-596-2)
Discography[link]
- See also: Leonard Nimoy discography (includes compilations and re-issues)
- Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music From Outer Space (Dot Records), (1967).
- Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy (Dot Records), (1968).
- The Way I Feel (Dot Records, Stereo DLP 25883), (1968).
- The Touch of Leonard Nimoy (Dot Records, Stereo DLP 25910), (1969).
- The New World of Leonard Nimoy (Dot Records, Stereo DLP 25966), (1970).
References[link]
- ^ "Leonard Nimoy". http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/leonard-nimoy/photos/161833/4. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- ^ "Spock". Top 50 TV Characters. UGO. http://www.ugo.com/tv/best-tv-characters-of-all-time/?cur=spock&morepics=1. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- ^ Nimoy (1975) pp. 1–6.
- ^ Nimoy (1995), pp. 2–17.
- ^ Sommarco, Antssiahony Mitchell. Boston's West End. (Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 1998) 85.
- ^ "The Official Leonard Nimoy Fan Club, Biography Page". http://www.theofficialleonardnimoyfanclub.com/Biography.html. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
- ^ Leonard Simon Nimoy genealogy
- ^ Ellin, Abby (May 20, 2007). "Leonard Nimoy – a paladin for the plump / Ex-actor's images sing out in praise of naked plus-size body". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/05/20/MNG5VPS5F71.DTL&feed=rss.news.
- ^ Sfgate: Leonard Nimoy – a paladin for the plump
- ^ Leonard Nimoy Biography (1931–)
- ^ Leonard Nimoy Biography – Yahoo! Movies
- ^ a b c d "Leonard Nimoy". Shatner's Raw Nerve, January 6, 2009.
- ^ From 'Spock': The beauty of big women – International Herald Tribune
- ^ "Story book – BCM – Spring 2005". Bcm.bc.edu. http://bcm.bc.edu/issues/spring_2005/ll_legends.html. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ http://www.mcgregor.edu/PDF/alumni_news0011.pdf
- ^ http://www.bu.edu/today/2012/leonard-nimoy-urges-cfa-grads-to-live-long-and-prosper
- ^ NNDB Profile for actor Leonard Nimoy (accessed September 11, 2009)
- ^ a b Kleiner, Dick (December 4, 1967). "Mr. Spock's Trek To Stardom". Warsaw Times-Union. Newspaper Enterprise Association (Warsaw, Indiana): p. 7. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=B7dGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tHsMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3727,498929. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
- ^ ""The Maggie Hamilton Story"". Internet Movie Data Base. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0743192/. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
- ^ Roufs, David. "A Visit to a Small Planet". The Billboard. http://www.beyondspock.de/stage.php. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ a b Harmetz, Aljean (October 30, 1988). "Leonard Nimoy at the Controls". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/30/movies/leonard-nimoy-at-the-controls.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
- ^ "Pioneers of Television: Leonard Nimoy". http://www.pbs.org/opb/pioneersoftelevision/pioneering-people/leonard-nimoy/. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
- ^ Pogrebin, Abigail. Stars of David: Prominent Jews Talk about Being Jewish, Random House (2007) p. 198
- ^ "YouTube – Leonard Nimoy: The Origin of Spock's Greeting"
- ^ Powers, Nicole (May 3, 2009). "Interviews > Leonard Nimoy And Zachary Quinto: The Two Faces Of Spock". Suicidegirls.com. http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Leonard+Nimoy+and+Zachary+Quinto%3A+The+Two+Faces+of+Spock. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ Nimoy, Leonard, I Am Spock, New York: Hyperion, 1995.
- ^ “”. "Y2K". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cL5Yu3Ub9nA. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ Brody, Dylan (10/5/11). "Jeanmarie Simpson -- Artivist in the Modern Landscape (Part 2)". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dylan-brody/jeanmarie-simpson_b_994437.html.
- ^ http://www.leonardnimoy.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1445:exclusive-interview-with-leonard-nimoy-&catid=23:articles-and-quotes&Itemid=11
- ^ http://www.jewishjournal.com/picks_clicks/article/youngest_torm_shakespeare_photography_poetry_enamelwork_20070629
- ^ "Leonard Nimoy and Zachary Quinto: The Two Faces of Spock". SuicideGirls.com. May 3, 2009. http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Leonard+Nimoy+and+Zachary+Quinto%3A+The+Two+Faces+of+Spock/. Retrieved March 4, 2009.
- ^ Nimoy Joins Fringe
- ^ O'Connor, Mickey (April 8, 2009). "Fringe: Meet Dr. William Bell". TV Guide. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Fringe-Meet-Dr-1004879.aspx. Retrieved April 9, 2009.
- ^ ifmagazine.com – V Review: FRINGE – SEASON ONE – 'The Road Not Taken' by Emerson Parker
- ^ "Leonard Nimoy joins 'Star Trek Online' crew". USA Today. December 22, 2009. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/gamehunters/post/2009/12/leonard-nimoy-joins-star-trek-online-crew/1.
- ^ "Parallel Universe: Mr. Spock Set to Hang Up His Pointy Ears". Paralleluniverse.msn.com. http://paralleluniverse.msn.com/features/tv/leonard-nimoy-retires-from-acting/story/?GT1=28140. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ "Leonard Nimoy Confirms Return To Fringe". trekmovie.com. http://trekmovie.com/2011/02/25/leonard-nimoy-confirms-return-to-fringe/. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
- ^ "Watch: Leonard Nimoy Gets "Lazy" In Bruno Mars Music Video (UPDATED)". trekmovie.com. May 26, 2011. http://trekmovie.com/2011/05/26/watch-leonard-nimoy-gets-lazy-in-bruno-mars-music-video/. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
- ^ http://www.thefutoncritic.com/listings/20120312cbs03
- ^ "@naddycat #FringeLiveTweet We did.". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
- ^ "caribbean cruises low air fare at". United-scifi.com. http://united-scifi.com/index.php/leonard-nimoys-lovehate-relationship-with-spock/. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ http://www.thehypertexts.com The HyperTexts
- ^ "The LPs (page 2)". The Musical Touch of Leonard Nimoy. Maidenwine.com. September 8, 1966. http://www.maidenwine.com/lps_02.html. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- ^ "Homepage". The Musical Touch of Leonard Nimoy. Maidenwine.com. September 8, 1966. http://www.maidenwine.com/home.html. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- ^ "Bruno Mars – The Lazy Song [Official Alternate Version". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dULOjT9GYdQ&feature=player_embedded. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
- ^ Michael Bay's Transformers DVD audio commentary, 2007, Paramount Pictures/DreamWorks
- ^ Mind Meld: Secrets Behind the Voyage of a Lifetime, (2001) a documentary released to home video
- ^ "SHOWBIZ | Star Trek 'drove Nimoy to drink'". BBC News. October 31, 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1630463.stm. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ Bring Back Star Trek, Channel 4, The UK, broadcast on 9.00–10.35 pm 09/05/2009
- ^ a b "Leonard Nimoy ("Spock" TOS)". Star Trek.com. May 13, 1999. http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/community/chat/archive/transcript/1080.html. Retrieved June 7, 2009.
- ^ William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy: The Twenty-Five Year Mission Tour: Video
- ^ Leonard Nimoy: Star Trek Memories: Television program
- ^ – Space Foundation Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award
- ^ [|Clark, Shaula] (November 14, 2009). "Hardly Illogical: Leonard Nimoy Day, November 14". Boston Phoenix. http://blog.thephoenix.com/BLOGS/laserorgy/archive/2009/11/14/hardly-illogical-leonard-nimoy-day-november-14.aspx. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- ^ Ausiello, Michael (January 25, 2010). "'Fringe' exclusive: It's Walter vs. William in the finale! | Ausiello | EW.com". Ausiellofiles.ew.com. http://ausiellofiles.ew.com/2010/01/25/fringe-season-2-finale-spoilers/. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ Dengeki PlayStation Vol.474: Japanese video game magazine
- ^ "RETURN TO THE MAGICAL REALM OF KINGDOM HEARTS ON SEPTEMBER 7, 2010 | SQUARE ENIX". Release.square-enix.com. May 17, 2010. http://release.square-enix.com/na/2010/05/17_01.html. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ "Leonard Nimoy is the Voice of Sentinel Prime". ComingSoon. http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=75809.
- ^ "Big Bang Theory Exclusive: Leonard Nimoy Finally Agrees to Cameo – But There's a Twist!". TVLine.com. http://www.tvline.com/2012/02/big-bang-theory-leonard-nimoy/. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
- ^ "The Voice Talent of KINGDOM HEARTS 3D". Sqaure Enix. http://eu.square-enix.com/en/blog/voice-talent-kingdom-hearts-3d. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Leonard Nimoy |
- Leonard Nimoy's personal website
- Leonard Nimoy at the Internet Movie Database
- Leonard Nimoy at AllRovi
- Leonard Nimoy at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
- Leonard Nimoy's entry at Startrek.com
- Leonard Nimoy at Alien Voices
- Interview with Leonard Nimoy at hossli.com
- Leonard Nimoy Poetry and Photography on The HyperTexts
- Interview with Leonard Nimoy by the Archive of American Television (2000)
- 2010 Interview with Nimoy about his "Secret Selves" show at Mass MoCA
Media[link]
- Newsmaker of the Week: Leonard Nimoy (30-min. interview, free)
- Archive of American Television Interview with Leonard Nimoy Nov 2, 2000
- Interview with Leonard Nimoy about photography, on The Callie Crossley Show
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Nimoy, Leonard |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American actor |
| Date of birth | March 26, 1931 |
| Place of birth | Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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"Earhart" redirects here. For the asteroid, see 3895 Earhart.
| Amelia Earhart | |
|---|---|
 Amelia Earhart, c. 1935 |
|
| Born | (1897-07-24)July 24, 1897 Atchison, Kansas, U.S. |
| Disappeared | July 2, 1937 (aged 39) Pacific Ocean, en route to Howland Island |
| Status | Declared dead in absentia January 5, 1939(1939-01-05) (aged 41) |
| Nationality | American |
| Known for | First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean and setting many aviation records. |
| Spouse | George P. Putnam |
| Signature | 150px |
Amelia Mary Earhart (/ˈɛərhɑrt/ AIR-hart; July 24, 1897 – disappeared 1937) was a noted American aviation pioneer and author.[1] [N 1] Earhart was the first woman to receive the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross,[3] awarded for becoming the first aviatrix to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.[4] She set many other records,[2] wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.[5] Earhart joined the faculty of the Purdue University aviation department in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and help inspire others with her love for aviation. She was also a member of the National Woman's Party, and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.
During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10 Electra, Earhart disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island. Fascination with her life, career and disappearance continues to this day.[N 2]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Childhood[link]
Amelia Earhart as a child
Amelia Mary Earhart, daughter of German American Samuel "Edwin" Stanton Earhart (March 28, 1867) and Amelia "Amy" Otis Earhart (1869–1962),[7] was born in Atchison, Kansas, in the home of her maternal grandfather, Alfred Gideon Otis (1827–1912), a former federal judge, president of the Atchison Savings Bank and a leading citizen in Atchison. This was the second child in the marriage as an infant was stillborn in August 1896.[8] Alfred Otis had not initially favored the marriage and was not satisfied with Edwin's progress as a lawyer.[9]
Earhart was named, according to family custom, after her two grandmothers (Amelia Josephine Harres and Mary Wells Patton).[8] From an early age Earhart, nicknamed "Meeley" (sometimes "Millie") was the ringleader while younger sister (two years her junior), Grace Muriel Earhart (1899–1998), nicknamed "Pidge," acted the dutiful follower.[10] Both girls continued to answer to their childhood nicknames well into adulthood.[8] Their upbringing was unconventional since Amy Earhart did not believe in molding her children into "nice little girls."[11] Meanwhile their maternal grandmother disapproved of the "bloomers" worn by Amy's children and although Earhart liked the freedom they provided, she was aware other girls in the neighborhood did not wear them.
Early influence[link]
A spirit of adventure seemed to abide in the Earhart children with the pair setting off daily to explore their neighborhood.[N 3] As a child, Earhart spent long hours playing with Pidge, climbing trees, hunting rats with a rifle and "belly-slamming" her sled downhill. Although this love of the outdoors and "rough-and-tumble" play was common to many youngsters, some biographers have characterized the young Earhart as a tomboy.[13] The girls kept "worms, moths, katydids and a tree toad"[14] in a growing collection gathered in their outings. In 1904, with the help of her uncle, she cobbled together a home-made ramp fashioned after a roller coaster she had seen on a trip to St. Louis and secured the ramp to the roof of the family toolshed. Earhart's well-documented first flight ended dramatically. She emerged from the broken wooden box that had served as a sled with a bruised lip, torn dress and a "sensation of exhilaration." She exclaimed, "Oh, Pidge, it's just like flying!"[9]
Although there had been some missteps in his career up to that point, in 1907 Edwin Earhart's job as a claims officer for the Rock Island Railroad led to a transfer to Des Moines, Iowa. The next year, at the age of 10,[15] Earhart saw her first aircraft at the Iowa State Fair in Des Moines.[16][17] Her father tried to interest her and her sister in taking a flight. One look at the rickety old "flivver" was enough for Earhart, who promptly asked if they could go back to the merry-go-round.[18] She later described the biplane as “a thing of rusty wire and wood and not at all interesting.”[19]
Education[link]
The two sisters, Amelia and Muriel (she went by her middle name from her teens on), remained with their grandparents in Atchison, while their parents moved into new, smaller quarters in Des Moines. During this period, Earhart received a form of home-schooling together with her sister, from her mother and a governess. She later recounted that she was "exceedingly fond of reading"[20] and spent countless hours in the large family library. In 1909, when the family was finally reunited in Des Moines, the Earhart children were enrolled in public school for the first time with Amelia Earhart entering the seventh grade at the age of 12 years.
Family fortunes[link]
While the family's finances seemingly improved with the acquisition of a new house and even the hiring of two servants, it soon became apparent Edwin was an alcoholic. Five years later (in 1914), he was forced to retire and although he attempted to rehabilitate himself through treatment, he was never reinstated at the Rock Island Railroad. At about this time, Earhart's grandmother Amelia Otis died suddenly, leaving a substantial estate that placed her daughter's share in trust, fearing that Edwin's drinking would drain the funds. The Otis house, and all of its contents, was auctioned; Earhart was heart-broken and later described it as the end of her childhood.[21]
In 1915, after a long search, Earhart's father found work as a clerk at the Great Northern Railway in St. Paul, Minnesota, where Earhart entered Central High School as a junior. Edwin applied for a transfer to Springfield, Missouri, in 1915 but the current claims officer reconsidered his retirement and demanded his job back, leaving the elder Earhart with nowhere to go. Facing another calamitous move, Amy Earhart took her children to Chicago where they lived with friends. Earhart made an unusual condition in the choice of her next schooling; she canvassed nearby high schools in Chicago to find the best science program. She rejected the high school nearest her home when she complained that the chemistry lab was "just like a kitchen sink."[22] She eventually was enrolled in Hyde Park High School but spent a miserable semester where a yearbook caption captured the essence of her unhappiness, "A.E. – the girl in brown who walks alone."[23]
Earhart graduated from Hyde Park High School in 1916.[24] Throughout her troubled childhood, she had continued to aspire to a future career; she kept a scrapbook of newspaper clippings about successful women in predominantly male-oriented fields, including film direction and production, law, advertising, management and mechanical engineering.[15] She began junior college at Ogontz School in Rydal, Pennsylvania but did not complete her program.[25][N 4]
During Christmas vacation in 1917, Earhart visited her sister in Toronto. World War I had been raging and Earhart saw the returning wounded soldiers. After receiving training as a nurse's aide from the Red Cross, she began work with the Volunteer Aid Detachment at Spadina Military Hospital. Her duties included preparing food in the kitchen for patients with special diets and handing out prescribed medication in the hospital's dispensary.[26]
1918 Spanish flu pandemic[link]
When the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic reached Toronto, Earhart was engaged in arduous nursing duties including night shifts at the Spadina Military Hospital.[27][28] She became a patient herself, suffering from pneumonia and maxillary sinusitis.[27] She was hospitalized in early November 1918 owing to pneumonia and discharged in December 1918, about two months after the illness had started.[27] Her sinus-related symptoms were pain and pressure around one eye and copious mucus drainage via the nostrils and throat.[29] In the hospital, in the pre-antibiotic era, she had painful minor operations to wash out the affected maxillary sinus,[27][28][29] but these procedures were not successful and Earhart subsequently suffered from worsening headache attacks. Her convalescence lasted nearly a year, which she spent at her sister's home in Northampton, Massachusetts.[28] She passed the time by reading poetry, learning to play the banjo and studying mechanics.[27] Chronic sinusitis was to significantly affect Earhart's flying and activities in later life,[29] and sometimes even on the airfield she was forced to wear a bandage on her cheek to cover a small drainage tube.[30]
Early flying experiences[link]
At about that time, with a young woman friend, Earhart visited an air fair held in conjunction with the Canadian National Exposition in Toronto. One of the highlights of the day was a flying exhibition put on by a World War I "ace."[31] The pilot overhead spotted Earhart and her friend, who were watching from an isolated clearing and dived at them. "I am sure he said to himself, 'Watch me make them scamper,'" she said. Earhart stood her ground as the aircraft came close. "I did not understand it at the time," she said, "but I believe that little red airplane said something to me as it swished by."[32]
By 1919 Earhart prepared to enter Smith College but changed her mind and enrolled at Columbia University signing up for a course in medical studies among other programs.[33] She quit a year later to be with her parents who had reunited in California.
In Long Beach, on December 28, 1920, Earhart and her father visited an airfield where Frank Hawks (who later gained fame as an air racer) gave her a ride that would forever change Earhart's life. "By the time I had got two or three hundred feet off the ground," she said, "I knew I had to fly."[34] After that 10-minute flight (that cost her father $10), she immediately became determined to learn to fly. Working at a variety of jobs, including photographer, truck driver, and stenographer at the local telephone company, she managed to save $1,000 for flying lessons. Earhart had her first lessons, beginning on January 3, 1921, at Kinner Field near Long Beach, but to reach the airfield Earhart took a bus to the end of the line, then walked four miles (6 km). Earhart's mother also provided part of the $1,000 "stake" against her "better judgement."[35] Her teacher was Anita "Neta" Snook, a pioneer female aviator who used a surplus Curtiss JN-4 "Canuck" for training. Earhart arrived with her father and a singular request, "I want to fly. Will you teach me?"[36]
Earhart's commitment to flying required her to accept the frequently hard work and rudimentary conditions that accompanied early aviation training. She chose a leather jacket, but aware that other aviators would be judging her, she slept in it for three nights to give the jacket a "worn" look. To complete her image transformation, she also cropped her hair short in the style of other female flyers.[37] Six months later, Earhart purchased a second-hand bright yellow Kinner Airster biplane which she nicknamed "The Canary." On October 22, 1922, Earhart flew the Airster to an altitude of 14,000 feet (4,300 m), setting a world record for female pilots. On May 15, 1923, Earhart became the 16th woman to be issued a pilot's license (#6017)[38] by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI).[39]
Aviation career and marriage[link]
X5665 – 1926 "CIT-9 Safety Plane" – California Institute of Technology (CalTech) Aerospace model 9 Merrill-type biplane designed by Albert Adams Merrill (Instructor in Aeronautics); 45hp Kinner engine; wingspan: 24'0".
Boston[link]
According to the Boston Globe, Earhart was "one of the best women pilots in the United States," although this characterization has been disputed by aviation experts and experienced pilots in the decades since.[40][41] [N 5] She was an intelligent and competent pilot,[38] but hardly a brilliant aviator, whose early efforts were characterized as inadequate by more seasoned flyers.[43] [N 6] One serious miscalculation occurred during a record attempt that had ended with her spinning down through a cloud bank, only to emerge at 3,000 ft (910 m). Experienced pilots admonished her, "Suppose the clouds had closed in until they touched the ground?"[44] Earhart was chagrined, yet acknowledged her limitations as a pilot and continued to seek out assistance throughout her career from various instructors.[45] By 1927, "Without any serious incident, she had accumulated nearly 500 hours of solo flying – a very respectable achievement."[46]
Throughout this period, her grandmother's inheritance, which was now administered by her mother, was constantly depleted until it finally ran out following a disastrous investment in a failed gypsum mine. Consequently, with no immediate prospects for recouping her investment in flying, Earhart sold the "Canary" as well as a second Kinner and bought a yellow Kissel "Speedster" two-passenger automobile, which she named the "Yellow Peril." Simultaneously, Earhart experienced an exacerbation of her old sinus problem as her pain worsened and in early 1924, she was hospitalized for another sinus operation, which was again unsuccessful. After trying her hand at a number of unusual ventures including setting up a photography company, Earhart set out in a new direction.[47] Following her parents' divorce in 1924, she drove her mother in the "Yellow Peril" on a transcontinental trip from California with stops throughout the West and even a jaunt up to Calgary, Alberta. The meandering tour eventually brought the pair to Boston, Massachusetts where Earhart underwent another sinus procedure, this operation being more successful. After recuperation, she returned for several months to Columbia University but was forced to abandon her studies and any further plans for enrolling at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology because her mother could no longer afford the tuition fees and associated costs. Soon after, she found employment first as a teacher, then as a social worker in 1925 at Denison House, living in Medford, Massachusetts.[48]
When Earhart lived in Medford, she maintained her interest in aviation, becoming a member of the American Aeronautical Society's Boston chapter and was eventually elected its vice president.[49] She flew out of Dennison Airport (later the Naval Air Station Squantum) in Quincy, Massachusetts and helped finance its operation by investing a small sum of money.[50] Earhart also flew the first official flight out of Dennison Airport in 1927.[51] As well as acting as a sales representative for Kinner airplanes in the Boston area, Earhart wrote local newspaper columns promoting flying and as her local celebrity grew, she laid out the plans for an organization devoted to female flyers.[52]
1928 transatlantic flight[link]
After Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic in 1927, Amy Phipps Guest, (1873–1959), expressed interest in being the first woman to fly (or be flown) across the Atlantic Ocean. After deciding the trip was too perilous for her to undertake, she offered to sponsor the project, suggesting they find "another girl with the right image." While at work one afternoon in April 1928, Earhart got a phone call from Capt. Hilton H. Railey, who asked her, "Would you like to fly the Atlantic?"
The project coordinators (including book publisher and publicist George P. Putnam) interviewed Earhart and asked her to accompany pilot Wilmer Stultz and co-pilot/mechanic Louis Gordon on the flight, nominally as a passenger, but with the added duty of keeping the flight log. The team departed Trepassey Harbor, Newfoundland in a Fokker F.VIIb/3m on June 17, 1928, landing at Burry Port (near Llanelli), Wales, United Kingdom, exactly 20 hours and 40 minutes later.[53] Since most of the flight was on "instruments" and Earhart had no training for this type of flying, she did not pilot the aircraft. When interviewed after landing, she said, "Stultz did all the flying—had to. I was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes." She added, "...maybe someday I'll try it alone."[54]
While in England, Earhart is reported as receiving a rousing welcome on June 19, 1928, when landing at Woolston in Southampton, England.[55] She flew the Avro Avian 594 Avian III, SN: R3/AV/101 owned by Lady Mary Heath and later purchased the aircraft and had it shipped back to the United States (where it was assigned “unlicensed aircraft identification mark” 7083).[56]
When the Stultz, Gordon and Earhart flight crew returned to the United States, they were greeted with a ticker-tape parade in New York followed by a reception with President Calvin Coolidge at the White House.
Celebrity image[link]
Trading on her physical resemblance to Lindbergh,[57] whom the press had dubbed "Lucky Lindy," some newspapers and magazines began referring to Earhart as "Lady Lindy."[58][N 7] The United Press was more grandiloquent; to them, Earhart was the reigning "Queen of the Air."[59] Immediately after her return to the United States, she undertook an exhausting lecture tour (1928–1929). Meanwhile, Putnam had undertaken to heavily promote her in a campaign including publishing a book she authored, a series of new lecture tours and using pictures of her in mass market endorsements for products including luggage, Lucky Strike cigarettes (this caused image problems for her, with McCall's magazine retracting an offer)[60] and women's clothing and sportswear. The money that she made with "Lucky Strike" had been earmarked for a $1,500 donation to Commander Richard Byrd's imminent South Pole expedition.[60]
The marketing campaign by both Earhart and G.P. Putnam was successful in establishing the Earhart mystique in the public psyche.[61] Rather than simply endorsing the products, Earhart actively became involved in the promotions, especially in women's fashions. For a number of years she had sewn her own clothes, but the "active living" lines that were sold in 50 stores such as Macy's in metropolitan areas were an expression of a new Earhart image. Her concept of simple, natural lines matched with wrinkle-proof, washable materials was the embodiment of a sleek, purposeful but feminine "A.E." (the familiar name she went by with family and friends).[59][62] The luggage line that she promoted (marketed as Modernaire Earhart Luggage) also bore her unmistakable stamp. She ensured that the luggage met the demands of air travel; it is still being produced today.[63]
A wide range of promotional items would appear bearing the Earhart "image" and likewise, modern equivalents continue to be marketed.[N 8] A more recent Gap khaki pants ad campaign (1993) featured Earhart's likeness, and was the progenitor of additional modern revivals of her in advertising campaigns, including Apple Computer's "Think Different" advertising campaign (1997).[65]
Promoting aviation[link]
The celebrity endorsements would help Earhart finance her flying.[66] Accepting a position as associate editor at Cosmopolitan magazine, she turned this forum into an opportunity to campaign for greater public acceptance of aviation, especially focusing on the role of women entering the field.[67] In 1929, Earhart was among the first aviators to promote commercial air travel through the development of a passenger airline service; along with Charles Lindbergh, she represented Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT) and invested time and money in setting up the first regional shuttle service between New York and Washington, DC. (TAT later became TWA). She was a Vice President of National Airways, which conducted the flying operations of the Boston-Maine Airways and several other airlines in the northeast.[68] By 1940, it had become Northeast Airlines.
Competitive flying[link]
Although Earhart had gained fame for her transatlantic flight, she endeavored to set an "untarnished" record of her own.[69] Shortly after her return, piloting Avian 7083, she set off on her first long solo flight which occurred just as her name was coming into the national spotlight. By making the trip in August 1928, Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the North American continent and back.[70] Gradually her piloting skills and professionalism grew, as acknowledged by experienced professional pilots who flew with her. General Leigh Wade flew with Earhart in 1929: "She was a born flier, with a delicate touch on the stick."[71]
Earhart subsequently made her first attempt at competitive air racing in 1929 during the first Santa Monica-to-Cleveland Women's Air Derby (later nicknamed the "Powder Puff Derby" by Will Rogers). During the race, at the last intermediate stop before the finish in Cleveland, Earhart and her friend Ruth Nichols were tied for first place. Nichols was to take off right before Earhart, but her aircraft hit a tractor at the end of the runway and flipped over. Instead of taking off, Earhart ran to the wrecked aircraft and dragged her friend out. Only when she was sure that Nichols was uninjured did Earhart take off for Cleveland but due to the time lost, she finished third. Her courageous act was symbolic of Earhart's selflessness; typically, she rarely referred to the incident in later years.[72]
In 1930, Earhart became an official of the National Aeronautic Association where she actively promoted the establishment of separate women's records and was instrumental in the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) accepting a similar international standard.[67] In 1931, flying a Pitcairn PCA-2 autogyro, she set a world altitude record of 18,415 feet (5,613 m) in a borrowed company machine.[73] While to a reader today it might seem that Earhart was engaged in flying "stunts," she was, with other female flyers, crucial to making the American public "air minded" and convincing them that "aviation was no longer just for daredevils and supermen."[74]
During this period, Earhart became involved with The Ninety-Nines, an organization of female pilots providing moral support and advancing the cause of women in aviation. She had called a meeting of female pilots in 1929 following the Women's Air Derby. She suggested the name based on the number of the charter members; she later became the organization's first president in 1930.[5] Earhart was a vigorous advocate for female pilots and when the 1934 Bendix Trophy Race banned women, she openly refused to fly screen actress Mary Pickford to Cleveland to open the races.[75]
Marriage[link]
For a while Earhart was engaged to Samuel Chapman, a chemical engineer from Boston, breaking off her engagement on November 23, 1928.[76] During the same period, Earhart and Putnam had spent a great deal of time together, leading to intimacy. George P. Putnam, who was known as GP, was divorced in 1929 and sought out Earhart, proposing to her six times before she finally agreed.[N 9] After substantial hesitation on her part, they married on February 7, 1931, in Putnam's mother's house in Noank, Connecticut. Earhart referred to her marriage as a "partnership" with "dual control." In a letter written to Putnam and hand delivered to him on the day of the wedding, she wrote, "I want you to understand I shall not hold you to any midaevil [sic] code of faithfulness to me nor shall I consider myself bound to you similarly."[N 10][79][80]
Earhart's ideas on marriage were liberal for the time as she believed in equal responsibilities for both "breadwinners" and pointedly kept her own name rather than being referred to as Mrs. Putnam. When The New York Times, per the rules of its stylebook, insisted on referring to her as Mrs. Putnam, she laughed it off. GP also learned quite soon that he would be called "Mr. Earhart."[81] There was no honeymoon for the newlyweds as Earhart was involved in a nine-day cross-country tour promoting autogyros and the tour sponsor, Beech-nut Gum. Although Earhart and Putnam had no children, he had two sons by his previous marriage to Dorothy Binney (1888–1982),[82] a chemical heiress whose father's company, Binney & Smith, invented Crayola crayons:[83] the explorer and writer David Binney Putnam (1913–1992) and George Palmer Putnam, Jr. (born 1921).[84] Earhart was especially fond of David who frequently visited his father at their family home in Rye, New York. George had contracted polio shortly after his parents' separation and was unable to visit as often.
1932 transatlantic solo flight[link]
At the age of 34, on the morning of May 20, 1932, Earhart set off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland with the latest copy of a local newspaper (the dated copy was intended to confirm the date of the flight). She intended to fly to Paris in her single engine Lockheed Vega 5B to emulate Charles Lindbergh's solo flight.[85][N 11] After a flight lasting 14 hours, 56 minutes during which she contended with strong northerly winds, icy conditions and mechanical problems, Earhart landed in a pasture at Culmore, north of Derry, Northern Ireland. The landing was witnessed by Cecil King and T. Sawyer.[88] When a farm hand asked, "Have you flown far?" Earhart replied, "From America."[89] The site now is the home of a small museum, the Amelia Earhart Centre.[90]
As the first woman to fly solo non-stop across the Atlantic, Earhart received the Distinguished Flying Cross from Congress, the Cross of Knight of the Legion of Honor from the French Government and the Gold Medal of the National Geographic Society from President Herbert Hoover. As her fame grew, she developed friendships with many people in high offices, most notably Eleanor Roosevelt, the First Lady from 1933–1945. Roosevelt shared many of Earhart's interests and passions, especially women's causes. After flying with Earhart, Roosevelt obtained a student permit but did not pursue her plans to learn to fly. The two friends communicated frequently throughout their lives.[N 12] Another famous flyer, Jacqueline Cochran, considered Earhart's greatest rival by both media and the public, also became a confidante and friend during this period.[92]
Other solo flights[link]
On January 11, 1935, Earhart became the first person to fly solo from Honolulu, Hawaii to Oakland, California. Although this transoceanic flight had been attempted by many others, most notably by the unfortunate participants in the 1927 Dole Air Race which had reversed the route, her trailblazing[93] flight had been mainly routine, with no mechanical breakdowns. In her final hours, she even relaxed and listened to "the broadcast of the Metropolitan Opera from New York."[93]
That year, once more flying her faithful Vega which Earhart had tagged "old Bessie, the fire horse,"[N 13] she soloed from Los Angeles to Mexico City on April 19. The next record attempt was a nonstop flight from Mexico City to New York. Setting off on May 8, her flight was uneventful although the large crowds that greeted her at Newark, New Jersey were a concern[95] as she had to be careful not to taxi into the throng.
Earhart again participated in long-distance air racing, placing fifth in the 1935 Bendix Trophy Race, the best result she could manage considering that her stock Lockheed Vega topping out at 195 mph (314 km/h) was outclassed by purpose-built air racers which reached more than 300 mph (480 km/h).[96] The race had been a particularly difficult one as one competitor, Cecil Allen, died in a fiery takeoff mishap and rival Jacqueline Cochran was forced to retire due to mechanical problems, the "blinding fog"[97] and violent thunderstorms that plagued the race.
Between 1930–1935, Earhart had set seven women's speed and distance aviation records in a variety of aircraft including the Kinner Airster, Lockheed Vega and Pitcairn Autogiro. By 1935, recognizing the limitations of her "lovely red Vega" in long, transoceanic flights, Earhart contemplated, in her own words, a new "prize... one flight which I most wanted to attempt – a circumnavigation of the globe as near its waistline as could be."[98] For the new venture, she would need a new aircraft.
Move to California[link]
While Earhart was away on a speaking tour in late November 1934, a fire broke out at the Putnam residence in Rye destroying many family treasures and Earhart's personal mementos.[99] As Putnam had already sold his interest in the New York based publishing company to his cousin, Palmer, following the fire the couple decided to move to the West Coast where Putnam took up his new position as head of the editorial board of Paramount Pictures in North Hollywood.[100][N 14] While speaking in California in late 1934, Earhart had contacted Hollywood "stunt" pilot Paul Mantz in order to improve her flying focusing especially on long distance flying in her Vega and wanted to move closer to him.
At Earhart's urging, Putnam purchased a small home in June 1935 adjacent to the clubhouse of the Lakeside Golf Club in Toluca Lake, a San Fernando Valley celebrity enclave community nestled between the Warner Brothers and Universal Pictures studio complexes where they had earlier rented a temporary residence.[101][102] Earhart and Putnam would not move in immediately, however, as they decided to very considerably remodel and enlarge the existing small structure to meet their needs thus delaying their occupation of their new home for some months.[103]
In September 1935 Earhart and Mantz formally established a business partnership they had been considering since late 1934 by creating the short-lived Earhart-Mantz Flying School which Mantz controlled and operated through his aviation company, United Air Services, located at the Burbank Airport about five miles from Earhart's Toluca Lake home. Putnam handled publicity for the school which primarily taught instrument flying using Link Trainers.[104]
1937 world flight[link]
Planning[link]
Earhart joined the faculty of Purdue University in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and as a technical advisor to the Department of Aeronautics.[97][N 15] Early in 1936, Earhart started to plan a round-the-world flight. Not the first to circle the globe, it would be the longest at 29,000 miles (47,000 km), following a grueling equatorial route. With financing from Purdue,[N 16] in July 1936, a Lockheed Electra 10E was built at Lockheed Aircraft Company to her specifications which included extensive modifications to the fuselage to incorporate a large fuel tank.[106] Earhart dubbed the twin engine monoplane airliner her "flying laboratory" and hangared it at Mantz's United Air Services located just across the airfield from Lockheed's Burbank plant in which it had been built.[107]
Although the Electra was publicized as a "flying laboratory," little useful science was planned and the flight was arranged around Earhart's intention to circumnavigate the globe along with gathering raw material and public attention for her next book.[108] Her first choice as navigator was Captain Harry Manning, who had been the captain of the President Roosevelt, the ship that had brought Earhart back from Europe in 1928.[105]
Through contacts in the Los Angeles aviation community, Fred Noonan was subsequently chosen as a second navigator because there were significant additional factors which had to be dealt with while using celestial navigation for aircraft.[109][110] He had vast experience in both marine (he was a licensed ship's captain) and flight navigation. Noonan had recently left Pan Am, where he established most of the company's China Clipper seaplane routes across the Pacific. Noonan had also been responsible for training Pan American's navigators for the route between San Francisco and Manila.[111][N 17] The original plans were for Noonan to navigate from Hawaii to Howland Island, a particularly difficult portion of the flight; then Manning would continue with Earhart to Australia and she would proceed on her own for the remainder of the project.
First attempt[link]
On St. Patrick's Day, March 17, 1937, Earhart and her crew flew the first leg from Oakland, California to Honolulu, Hawaii. In addition to Earhart and Noonan, Harry Manning and Mantz (who was acting as Earhart's technical advisor) were on board. Due to lubrication and galling problems with the propeller hubs' variable pitch mechanisms, the aircraft needed servicing in Hawaii. Ultimately, the Electra ended up at the United States Navy's Luke Field on Ford Island in Pearl Harbor. The flight resumed three days later from Luke Field with Earhart, Noonan and Manning on board and during the takeoff run, Earhart ground-looped. The circumstances of the ground loop remain controversial. Some witnesses at Luke Field including the Associated Press journalist on the scene said they saw a tire blow.[112] Earhart thought either the Electra's right tire had blown and/or the right landing gear had collapsed. Some sources, including Mantz, cited pilot error.[112]
With the aircraft severely damaged, the flight was called off and the aircraft was shipped by sea to the Lockheed facility in Burbank, California for repairs.[113]
Second attempt[link]
While the Electra was being repaired Earhart and Putnam secured additional funds and prepared for a second attempt. This time flying west to east, the second attempt began with an unpublicized flight from Oakland to Miami, Florida, and after arriving there Earhart publicly announced her plans to circumnavigate the globe. The flight's opposite direction was partly the result of changes in global wind and weather patterns along the planned route since the earlier attempt. Fred Noonan was Earhart's only crew member for the second flight. They departed Miami on June 1 and after numerous stops in South America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, arrived at Lae, New Guinea, on June 29, 1937. At this stage about 22,000 miles (35,000 km) of the journey had been completed. The remaining 7,000 miles (11,000 km) would all be over the Pacific.
Departure from Lae[link]
On July 2, 1937 (midnight GMT) Earhart and Noonan took off from Lae in the heavily loaded Electra. Their intended destination was Howland Island, a flat sliver of land 6,500 ft (2,000 m) long and 1,600 ft (500 m) wide, 10 ft (3 m) high and 2,556 miles (4,113 km) away. Their last known position report was near the Nukumanu Islands, about 800 miles (1,300 km) into the flight. The United States Coast Guard cutter Itasca was on station at Howland, assigned to communicate with Earhart's Lockheed Electra 10E and guide them to the island once they arrived in the vicinity.
Final approach to Howland Island[link]
Through a series of misunderstandings or errors (the details of which are still controversial), the final approach to Howland Island using radio navigation was not successful. Fred Noonan had earlier written about problems affecting the accuracy of radio direction finding in navigation.[N 18] Some sources have noted Earhart's apparent lack of understanding of her Bendix direction-finding loop antenna, which at the time was very new technology. Another cited cause of possible confusion was that the USCG cutter Itasca and Earhart planned their communication schedule using time systems set a half hour apart (with Earhart using Greenwich Civil Time (GCT) and the Itasca under a Naval time zone designation system).[114]
Motion picture evidence from Lae suggests that an antenna mounted underneath the fuselage may have been torn off from the fuel-heavy Electra during taxi or takeoff from Lae's turf runway, though no antenna was reported found at Lae. Don Dwiggins, in his biography of Paul Mantz (who assisted Earhart and Noonan in their flight planning), noted that the aviators had cut off their long-wire antenna, due to the annoyance of having to crank it back into the aircraft after each use.
Radio signals[link]
During Earhart and Noonan's approach to Howland Island the Itasca received strong and clear voice transmissions from Earhart identifying as KHAQQ but she apparently was unable to hear voice transmissions from the ship. At 7:42 am Earhart radioed "We must be on you, but cannot see you—but gas is running low. Have been unable to reach you by radio. We are flying at 1,000 feet." Her 7:58 am transmission said she couldn't hear the Itasca and asked them to send voice signals so she could try to take a radio bearing (this transmission was reported by the Itasca as the loudest possible signal, indicating Earhart and Noonan were in the immediate area). They couldn't send voice at the frequency she asked for, so Morse code signals were sent instead. Earhart acknowledged receiving these but said she was unable to determine their direction.[115]
In her last known transmission at 8:43 am Earhart broadcast "We are on the line 157 337. We will repeat this message. We will repeat this on 6210 kilocycles. Wait." However, a few moments later she was back on the same frequency (3105 kHz) with a transmission which was logged as a "questionable": "We are running on line north and south."[116] Earhart's transmissions seemed to indicate she and Noonan believed they had reached Howland's charted position, which was incorrect by about five nautical miles (10 km). The Itasca used her oil-fired boilers to generate smoke for a period of time but the fliers apparently did not see it. The many scattered clouds in the area around Howland Island have also been cited as a problem: their dark shadows on the ocean surface may have been almost indistinguishable from the island's subdued and very flat profile.
Whether any post-loss radio signals were received from Earhart and Noonan remains controversial. If transmissions were received from the Electra, most if not all were weak and hopelessly garbled. Earhart's voice transmissions to Howland were on 3105 kHz, a frequency restricted to aviation use in the United States by the FCC.[N 19] This frequency was not thought to be fit for broadcasts over great distances. When Earhart was at cruising altitude and midway between Lae and Howland (over 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from each) neither station heard her scheduled transmission at 0815 GCT.[118] Moreover, the 50-watt transmitter used by Earhart was attached to a less-than-optimum-length V-type antenna.[119][120][N 20]
The last voice transmission received on Howland Island from Earhart indicated she and Noonan were flying along a line of position (taken from a "sun line" running on 157–337 degrees) which Noonan would have calculated and drawn on a chart as passing through Howland.[121][N 21] After all contact was lost with Howland Island, attempts were made to reach the flyers with both voice and Morse code transmissions. Operators across the Pacific and the United States may have heard signals from the downed Electra but these were unintelligible or weak.[122][N 22]
Some of these transmissions were hoaxes but others were deemed authentic. Bearings taken by Pan American Airways stations suggested signals originating from several locations, including Gardner Island.[123][124] It was noted at the time that if these signals were from Earhart and Noonan, they must have been on land with the aircraft since water would have otherwise shorted out the Electra's electrical system.[125][N 23][126][N 24] Sporadic signals were reported for four or five days after the disappearance but none yielded any understandable information.[127][N 25] The captain of the Colorado later said "There was no doubt many stations were calling the Earhart plane on the plane's frequency, some by voice and others by signals. All of these added to the confusion and doubtfulness of the authenticity of the reports."[128]
Search efforts[link]
Beginning approximately one hour after Earhart's last recorded message, the USCG Itasca undertook an ultimately unsuccessful search north and west of Howland Island based on initial assumptions about transmissions from the aircraft. The United States Navy soon joined the search and over a period of about three days sent available resources to the search area in the vicinity of Howland Island. The initial search by the Itasca involved running up the 157/337 line of position to the NNW from Howland Island. The Itasca then searched the area to the immediate NE of the island, corresponding to the area, yet wider than the area searched to the NW. Based on bearings of several supposed Earhart radio transmissions, some of the search efforts were directed to a specific position 281 degrees NW of Howland Island without finding land or evidence of the flyers.[129] Four days after Earhart's last verified radio transmission, on July 6, 1937, the captain of the battleship Colorado received orders from the Commandant, Fourteenth Naval District to take over all naval and coast guard units to coordinate search efforts.[129]
Later search efforts were directed to the Phoenix Islands south of Howland Island.[130] A week after the disappearance, naval aircraft from the Colorado flew over several islands in the group including Gardner Island, which had been uninhabited for over 40 years. The subsequent report on Gardner read: "Here signs of recent habitation were clearly visible but repeated circling and zooming failed to elicit any answering wave from possible inhabitants and it was finally taken for granted that none were there... At the western end of the island a tramp steamer (of about 4000 tons)... lay high and almost dry head onto the coral beach with her back broken in two places. The lagoon at Gardner looked sufficiently deep and certainly large enough so that a seaplane or even an airboat could have landed or takenoff [sic] in any direction with little if any difficulty. Given a chance, it is believed that Miss Earhart could have landed her aircraft in this lagoon and swum or waded ashore."[N 26] They also found that Gardner's shape and size as recorded on charts were wholly inaccurate. Other Navy search efforts were again directed north, west and southwest of Howland Island, based on a possibility the Electra had ditched in the ocean, was afloat, or that the aviators were in an emergency raft.[132]
The official search efforts lasted until July 19, 1937.[133] At $4 million, the air and sea search by the Navy and Coast Guard was the most costly and intensive in U.S. history up to that time but search and rescue techniques during the era were rudimentary and some of the search was based on erroneous assumptions and flawed information. Official reporting of the search effort was influenced by individuals wary about how their roles in looking for an American hero might be reported by the press.[134] [N 27] Despite an unprecedented search by the United States Navy and Coast Guard no physical evidence of Earhart, Noonan or the Electra 10E was found. The United States Navy aircraft carrier Lexington and battleship Colorado, the Itasca (and even two Japanese ships, the oceanographic survey vessel Koshu and auxiliary seaplane tender Kamoi) searched for six–seven days each, covering 150,000 square miles (390,000 km2).[135][136]
Immediately after the end of the official search, Putnam financed a private search by local authorities of nearby Pacific islands and waters, concentrating on the Gilberts. In late July 1937 Putnam chartered two small boats and while he remained in the United States, directed a search of the Phoenix Islands, Christmas (Kiritimati) Island, Fanning (Tabuaeran) Island, the Gilbert Islands and the Marshall Islands, but no trace of the Electra or its occupants was found.[137]
Back in the United States, Putnam acted to become the trustee of Earhart's estate so that he could pay for the searches and related bills. In probate court in Los Angeles, Putnam requested to have the "death in absentia" seven-year waiting period waived so that he could manage Earhart's finances. As a result, Earhart was declared legally dead on January 5, 1939.[138]
Theories on Earhart's disappearance[link]
Many theories emerged after the disappearance of Earhart and Noonan. Two possibilities concerning the flyers' fate have prevailed among researchers and historians:
Crash and sink theory[link]
Many researchers believe the Electra ran out of fuel and Earhart and Noonan ditched at sea. Navigator and aeronautical engineer Elgen Long and his wife Marie K. Long devoted 35 years of exhaustive research to the "crash and sink" theory, which is the most widely accepted explanation for the disappearance.[139] Capt. Laurance F. Safford, USN, who was responsible for the interwar Mid Pacific Strategic Direction Finding Net, and the decoding of the Japanese PURPLE cipher messages for the attack on Pearl Harbor, began a lengthy analysis of the Earhart flight during the 1970s. His research included the intricate radio transmission documentation. Safford came to the conclusion, "poor planning, worse execution."[140] Rear Admiral Richard R. Black, USN, who was in administrative charge of the Howland Island airstrip and was present in the radio room on the Itasca, asserted in 1982 that "the Electra went into the sea about 10 am, July 2, 1937 not far from Howland".[140] British aviation historian Roy Nesbit interpreted evidence in contemporary accounts and Putnam's correspondence and concluded Earhart's Electra was not fully fueled at Lae.[141] William L. Polhemous, the navigator on Ann Pellegreno's 1967 flight which followed Earhart and Noonan's original flight path, studied navigational tables for July 2, 1937 and thought Noonan may have miscalculated the "single line approach" intended to "hit" Howland.[142]
David Jourdan, a former Navy submariner and ocean engineer specializing in deep-sea recoveries, has claimed any transmissions attributed to Gardner Island were false. Through his company Nauticos he extensively searched a 1,200-square-mile (3,100 km2) quadrant north and west of Howland Island during two deep-sea sonar expeditions (2002 and 2006, total cost $4.5 million) and found nothing. The search locations were derived from the line of position (157–337) broadcast by Earhart on July 2, 1937.[114] Nevertheless, Elgen Long's interpretations have led Jourdan to conclude, "The analysis of all the data we have – the fuel analysis, the radio calls, other things – tells me she went into the water off Howland."[114] Earhart's stepson George Palmer Putnam Jr. has been quoted as saying he believes "the plane just ran out of gas."[143] Susan Butler, author of the "definitive"[144] Earhart biography East to the Dawn, says she thinks the aircraft went into the ocean out of sight of Howland Island and rests on the seafloor at a depth of 17,000 feet (5 km).[145] Tom D. Crouch, Senior Curator of the National Air and Space Museum, has said the Earhart/Noonan Electra is "18,000 ft. down" and may even yield a range of artifacts that could rival the finds of the Titanic, adding, "...the mystery is part of what keeps us interested. In part, we remember her because she's our favorite missing person."[114]
Gardner Island hypothesis[link]
Immediately after Earhart and Noonan's disappearance, the United States Navy, Paul Mantz and Earhart's mother (who convinced G.P. Putnam to undertake a search in the Gardner Group)[146] all expressed belief the flight had ended in the Phoenix Islands (now part of Kiribati), some 350 miles (560 km) southeast of Howland Island.
In July 2007, an editor at Avionews in Rome compared the Gardner Island hypothesis to other non-crash-and-sink theories and called it the "most confirmed" of them.[147] In 1988, The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) initiated their project to investigate the Earhart/Noonan disappearance and since then has sent six[148] expeditions to the island. They have suggested Earhart and Noonan may have flown without further radio transmissions[149] for two and a half hours along the line of position Earhart noted in her last transmission received at Howland, arrived at then-uninhabited Gardner Island (now Nikumaroro) in the Phoenix group, landed on an extensive reef flat near the wreck of a large freighter (the SS Norwich City) and ultimately perished.
TIGHAR's research has produced a range of documented archaeological and anecdotal evidence supporting this hypothesis.[150][151] For example, in 1940, Gerald Gallagher, a British colonial officer and licensed pilot, radioed his superiors to inform them that he had found a "skeleton... possibly that of a woman", along with an old-fashioned sextant box, under a tree on the island's southeast corner. He was ordered to send the remains to Fiji, where in 1941, British colonial authorities took detailed measurements of the bones and concluded they were from a male about 5 ft 5 in tall.[152] However, in 1998 an analysis of the measurement data by forensic anthropologists indicated the skeleton had belonged to a "tall white female of northern European ancestry." The bones themselves were misplaced in Fiji long ago and have not been found.[153]
During World War II, US Coast Guard LORAN Unit 92, a radio navigation station built in the summer and fall of 1944, and operational from mid-November 1944 until mid-May 1945, was located on Gardner Island's southeast end. Dozens of U.S. Coast Guard personnel were involved in its construction and operation, but were mostly forbidden from leaving the small base or having contact with the Gilbertese colonists then on the island and found no artifacts known to relate to Earhart.[154]
Artifacts discovered by TIGHAR on Nikumaroro have included improvised tools, an aluminum panel (possibly from an Electra), an oddly cut piece of clear Plexiglas the same thickness and curvature of an Electra window and a size 9 Cat's Paw heel dating from the 1930s which resembles Earhart's footwear in world flight photos.[155] [N 28] The evidence remains circumstantial, but Earhart's surviving stepson, George Putnam Jr., has expressed support for TIGHAR's research.[156]
In 2007, a TIGHAR expedition visited Nikumaroro searching for unambiguously identifiable aircraft artifacts and DNA. The group included engineers, technical experts and others.[157] They found artifacts of uncertain origin on the weather-ravaged atoll, including bronze bearings which may have belonged to Earhart's aircraft and a zipper pull which might have come from her flight suit.[158] In 2010, the research group said it had found bones that appeared to be part of a human finger. Subsequent DNA testing at the University of Oklahoma proved inconclusive as to whether the bone fragments were from a human or from a sea turtle.[159]
On March 20, 2012, the US State Department and TIGHAR together announced that TIGHAR is launching a new search based on the re-evaluation of a 1937 photograph taken of the reef at Nikumaroro. Called "Niku 7" and endorsed by Dr. Robert Ballard, the expedition will embark in July 2012 to undertake an underwater search off Nikumaroro.[160][161]
Myths, urban legends and unsupported claims[link]
The unresolved circumstances of Earhart's disappearance, along with her fame, attracted a great body of other claims relating to her last flight, all of which have been generally dismissed for lack of verifiable evidence. Several unsupported theories have become well known in popular culture.
Spies for FDR[link]
A World War II-era movie called Flight for Freedom (1943) starring Rosalind Russell and Fred MacMurray furthered a myth that Earhart was spying on the Japanese in the Pacific at the request of the Franklin Roosevelt administration.[150][N 29] By 1949, both the United Press and U.S. Army Intelligence had concluded this rumor was groundless. Jackie Cochran, another pioneering aviator and one of Earhart's friends, made a postwar search of numerous files in Japan and was convinced the Japanese were not involved in Earhart's disappearance.[162]
Saipan claims[link]
In 1966, CBS Correspondent Fred Goerner published a book claiming Earhart and Noonan were captured and executed when their aircraft crashed on the island of Saipan, part of the Mariana Islands archipelago, while it was under Japanese occupation.[163][164] [N 30][165] [N 31] In 2009, an Earhart relative stated that the pair died in Japanese custody, citing unnamed witnesses including Japanese troops and Saipan natives.[166] He said that the Japanese cut the valuable Lockheed aircraft into scrap and threw the pieces into the ocean.[166]
Thomas E. Devine (who served in a postal Army unit) wrote Eyewitness: The Amelia Earhart Incident which includes a letter from the daughter of a Japanese police official who claimed her father was responsible for Earhart's execution.
Former U.S. Marine Robert Wallack claimed he and other Marines opened a safe on Saipan and found Earhart's briefcase. Former U.S. Marine Earskin J. Nabers claimed that while serving as a wireless operator on Saipan in 1944, he decoded a message from naval officials which said Earhart's aircraft had been found at the airfield in the village of As Lito, that he was later ordered to guard the aircraft, and then witnessed its destruction.[167] In 1990, the NBC-TV series Unsolved Mysteries broadcast an interview with a Saipanese woman who claimed to have witnessed Earhart and Noonan's execution by Japanese soldiers. No independent confirmation or support has ever emerged for any of these claims.[168] Purported photographs of Earhart during her captivity have been identified as either fraudulent or having been taken before her final flight.[169]
Since the end of World War II, a location on Tinian, which is five miles (eight km) southwest of Saipan, had been rumoured to be the grave of the two aviators. In 2004 a scientifically supported archaeological dig at the site failed to turn up any bones.[170]
Tokyo Rose rumor[link]
A rumor which claimed that Earhart had made propaganda radio broadcasts as one of the many women compelled to serve as Tokyo Rose was investigated closely by George Putnam. According to several biographies of Earhart, Putnam investigated this rumor personally but after listening to many recordings of numerous Tokyo Roses, he did not recognize her voice among them.[171]
New Britain[link]
The theory that Earhart may have turned back mid-flight has been posited. She would then have tried to reach the airfield at Rabaul, New Britain (northeast of mainland Papua New Guinea), approximately 2,200 miles (3,500 km) from Howland.[172]
In 1990, Donald Angwin, a veteran of the Australian Army's World War II campaign in New Britain, contacted researchers to suggest that a wrecked aircraft he had witnessed in jungle about 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Rabaul, on April 17, 1945, may have been Earhart's Electra.[173] Angwin, who was a corporal in the 11th Battalion at the time,[174] reported that he and other members of a forward patrol on Japanese-occupied New Britain had found a wrecked twin-engined, unpainted all-metal aircraft. The soldiers recorded a rough position on a map, along with serial numbers seen on the wreckage. While the map was located in the possession of another veteran in 1993, subsequent searches of the area indicated failed to find a wreck. [173]
While Angwin died in 2001, David Billings, an Australian aircraft engineer, has continued to investigate his theory. Billings claims that the serial numbers written on the map, “600H/P S3HI C/N1055", represent:
- a 600 hp (450 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340-S3H1 model engine and;
- "Constructor’s Number 1055", an airframe identifier.
These would be consistent with a Lockheed Electra 10E, such as that flown by Earhart, although they do not contain enough information to identify the wreck in question as NR16020.[173]
Pacific Wrecks, a website that documents World War II-era aircraft crash sites, notes that no other Electra has been reported lost in or around Papua New Guinea.[175] The site, however, also questions whether Earhart could have been so far from Howland and points out that the R-1340-S3H1 may have been from a USAAF B-17E (41-2429; nicknamed "Why Don't We Do This More Often") reported to have exploded in mid-air over the area on August 7, 1942.[175]
Assuming another identity[link]
In November 2006, the National Geographic Channel aired episode two of the Undiscovered History series about a claim that Earhart survived the world flight, moved to New Jersey, changed her name, remarried and became Irene Craigmile Bolam. This claim had originally been raised in the book Amelia Earhart Lives (1970) by author Joe Klaas, based on the research of Major Joseph Gervais. Irene Bolam, who had been a banker in New York during the 1940s, denied being Earhart, filed a lawsuit requesting $1.5 million in damages and submitted a lengthy affidavit in which she refuted the claims. The book's publisher, McGraw-Hill, withdrew the book from the market shortly after it was released and court records indicate that they made an out of court settlement with her.[176][177] Subsequently, Bolam's personal life history was thoroughly documented by researchers, eliminating any possibility she was Earhart. Kevin Richlin, a professional criminal forensic expert hired by National Geographic, studied photographs of both women and cited many measurable facial differences between Earhart and Bolam.[178]
Legacy[link]
Earhart was a widely known international celebrity during her lifetime. Her shyly charismatic appeal, independence, persistence, coolness under pressure, courage and goal-oriented career along with the circumstances of her disappearance at a comparatively early age have driven her lasting fame in popular culture. Hundreds of articles and scores of books have been written about her life which is often cited as a motivational tale, especially for girls. Earhart is generally regarded as a feminist icon.[179]
Earhart's accomplishments in aviation inspired a generation of female aviators, including the more than 1,000 women pilots of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) who ferried military aircraft, towed gliders, flew target practice aircraft, and served as transport pilots during World War II.[180][181]
The home where Earhart was born is now the Amelia Earhart Birthplace Museum and is maintained by the Ninety-Nines, an international group of female pilots of whom Earhart was the first elected president.[182]
A small section of Earhart's Lockheed Electra starboard engine nacelle recovered in the aftermath of the Hawaii crash has been confirmed as authentic and is now regarded as a control piece that will help to authenticate possible future discoveries. The evaluation of the scrap of metal was featured on an episode of History Detectives on Season 7 in 2009.[183]
Records and achievements[link]
- Woman's world altitude record: 14,000 ft (1922)
- First woman to fly the Atlantic (1928)
- Speed records for 100 km (and with 500 lb (230 kg) cargo) (1931)
- First woman to fly an autogyro (1931)
- Altitude record for autogyros: 15,000 ft (1931)
- First person to cross the U.S. in an autogyro (1932)
- First woman to fly the Atlantic solo (1932)
- First person to fly the Atlantic twice (1932)
- First woman to receive the Distinguished Flying Cross (1932)
- First woman to fly non-stop, coast-to-coast across the U.S. (1933)
- Woman's speed transcontinental record (1933)
- First person to fly solo between Honolulu, Hawaii and Oakland, California (1935)
- First person to fly solo from Los Angeles, California to Mexico City, Mexico (1935)
- First person to fly solo nonstop from Mexico City, Mexico to Newark, New Jersey (1935)
- Speed record for east-to-west flight from Oakland, California to Honolulu, Hawaii (1937)[184]
Books by Earhart[link]
Earhart was a successful and heavily promoted writer who served as aviation editor for Cosmopolitan magazine from 1928 to 1930. She wrote magazine articles, newspaper columns, essays and published two books based upon her experiences as a flyer during her lifetime:
- 20 Hrs., 40 Min. (1928) was a journal of her experiences as the first woman passenger on a transatlantic flight.
- The Fun of It (1932) was a memoir of her flying experiences and an essay on women in aviation.
- Last Flight (1937) featured the periodic journal entries she sent back to the United States during her world flight attempt, published in newspapers in the weeks prior to her final departure from New Guinea. Compiled by her husband GP Putnam after she disappeared over the Pacific, many historians consider this book to be only partially Earhart's original work.
Memorial flights[link]
Two notable memorial flights by female aviators subsequently followed Earhart's original circumnavigational route.
- In 1967, Ann Dearing Holtgren Pellegreno and a crew of three successfully flew a similar aircraft (a Lockheed 10A Electra) to complete a world flight that closely mirrored Earhart's flight plan. On the 30th anniversary of her disappearance, Pellegreno dropped a wreath in Earhart's honor over tiny Howland Island and returned to Oakland, completing the 28,000-mile (45,000 km) commemorative flight on July 7, 1967.
- In 1997, on the 60th anniversary of Earhart's world flight, San Antonio businesswoman Linda Finch retraced the final flight path flying the same make and model of aircraft as Earhart, a restored 1935 Lockheed Electra 10E. Finch touched down in 18 countries before finishing the trip two and a half months later when she arrived back at Oakland Airport on May 28, 1997.
In 2001, another commemorative flight retraced the route undertaken by Earhart in her August 1928 trans-continental record flight. Dr. Carlene Mendieta flew an original Avro Avian, the same type that was used in 1928.[70]
Other honors[link]
- Amelia Earhart Centre And Wildlife Sanctuary was established at the site of her 1932 landing in Northern Ireland, Ballyarnet Country Park, Derry.
- The "Earhart Tree" on Banyan Drive in Hilo, Hawaii, was planted by Earhart in 1935.
- The Zonta International Amelia Earhart Fellowship Awards were established in 1938.
- Earhart Light (also known as the Amelia Earhart Light), a navigational day beacon on Howland Island (has not been maintained and is crumbling).
- The Amelia Earhart Memorial Scholarships (established in 1939 by The Ninety-Nines), provides scholarships to women for advanced pilot certificates and ratings, jet type ratings, college degrees and technical training.
- The Purdue University Amelia Earhart Scholarship, first awarded in 1940, is based on academic merit and leadership and is open to juniors and seniors enrolled in any school at the West Lafayette campus. After being discontinued in the 1970s, a donor resurrected the award in 1999.
- In 1942, a United States Liberty ship named SS Amelia Earhart was launched (it was wrecked in 1948).
- Amelia Earhart Field (1947), formerly Masters Field and Miami Municipal Airport, after closure in 1959, the Amelia Earhart Regional Park was dedicated in an area of undeveloped federal government land located north and west of the former Miami Municipal Airport and immediately south of Opa-locka Airport.
- Amelia Earhart Airport (1958),[185] located in Atchison, Kansas.
- Amelia Earhart Commemorative Stamp (8¢ airmail postage) was issued in 1963 by the United States Postmaster-General.
- The Civil Air Patrol Amelia Earhart Award (since 1964) is awarded to cadets who have completed the first 11 achievements of the cadet program along with receipt of the General Billy Mitchell Award.
- Amelia Earhart Residence Hall opened in 1964 as a residence hall for women at Purdue University and became coed in 2002. An eight-foot sculpture of Earhart, by Ernest Shelton, was placed in front of the Earhart Hall Dining Court in 2009.[186]
- Member of National Women's Hall of Fame (1973).
- Crittenton Women’s Union (Boston) Amelia Earhart Award recognizes a woman who continues Earhart’s pioneering spirit and who has significantly contributed to the expansion of opportunities for women. (since 1982)
- Earhart Corona, a corona on Venus was named by the (IAU) in 1982.[187]
- The Amelia Earhart Birthplace,[188] Atchison, Kansas (a museum and historic site, owned and maintained by The Ninety-Nines since 1984).
- UCI Irvine Amelia Earhart Award (since 1990).
- Member of Motorsports Hall of Fame of America (1992).
- 3895 Earhart, a minor planet discovered in 1987, was named in 1995 after her, by its discoverer, Carolyn S. Shoemaker.
- Earhart Foundation, located in Ann Arbor, MI. Established in 1995, the foundation funds research and scholarship through a network of 50 "Earhart professors" across the United States.
- Amelia Earhart Festival (annual event since 1996), located in Atchison, Kansas.
- Amelia Earhart Pioneering Achievement Award, Atchison, Kansas: Since 1996, the Cloud L. Cray Foundation provides a $10,000 women’s scholarship to the educational institution of the honoree’s choice.
- Amelia Earhart Earthwork in Warnock Lake Park, Atchison, Kansas. Stan Herd created the 1-acre (4,000 m2) landscape mural in 1997 from permanent plantings and stone to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Earhart's birth. Located at 39°32′15″N 95°08′43″W / 39.537621°N 95.145158°W / 39.537621; -95.145158 and best viewed from the air.
- Amelia Earhart Bridge (1997), located in Atchison, Kansas.
- Greater Miami Aviation Association Amelia Earhart Award for outstanding achievement (2006); first recipient: noted flyer Patricia "Patty" Wagstaff.
- On December 6, 2006, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Earhart into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts.
- USNS Amelia Earhart (T-AKE-6) was named in her honor in May 2007.
- Amelia Earhart full size bronze statue was placed at the Spirit of Flight Center located in Lafayette, Colorado in 2008.
- The Amelia Earhart General Aviation Terminal, a satellite terminal at Boston's Logan Airport (formerly used by American Eagle, now unused)
- Amelia Earhart Dam on the Mystic River in eastern Massachusetts.
- Schools named after Earhart are found throughout the United States including the Amelia Earhart Elementary School, in Alameda, California, Amelia Earhart Elementary School, in Hialeah, Florida, Amelia Earhart Middle School, Riverside, California and Amelia Earhart International Baccalaureate World School, in Indio, California.
- Amelia Earhart Hotel, located in Wiesbaden, Germany, originally used as a hotel for women, then as temporary military housing is now operated as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District Headquarters with offices for the Army Contracting Agency and the Defense Contract Management Agency.
- Amelia Earhart Road, located in Oklahoma City (headquarters of The Ninety-Nines), Oklahoma.
- Earhart Road, located next to the Oakland International Airport North Field in Oakland, California.
- Amelia Earhart Playhouse, at Wiesbaden Army Airfield.[189]
Popular culture[link]
Earhart's life has spurred the imaginations of many writers and others:
- Patti Smith published two poems dedicated to Earhart: "Amelia Earhart I" and "Amelia Earheart II" in her 1972 poetry collection Seventh Heaven.
- I Was Amelia Earhart (1996) is a faux autobiography by Jane Mendelsohn in which "Earhart" tells the story of what happened to her in 1937, complete with heavy doses of romance with her navigator.
- Flying Blind (1999) by Max Allan Collins is a detective novel in which the intrepid Nathan Heller is hired to be a bodyguard for Earhart.
- Amelia And Eleanor Go For A Ride (1999) is a children's picture book written by Pam Munoz Ryan and illustrated by Brian Selznick. It tells the story of the impromptu flight taken by Earheart and Eleanor Roosevelt in 1933.
- In Christopher Moore's 2003 novel, Fluke, Earhart survived her wreck and appears as the mother of one of the characters.
- "Amelia Earhart's Last Flight", by "Yodelling Cowboy" Red River Dave McEnery, is thought to be the first song ever performed on commercial television (at the 1939 World's Fair). He recorded it in 1941 and it was subsequently covered by artists including Kinky Friedman and the Country Gentlemen.
- Possibly the first tribute album dedicated to the legend of Earhart was by Plainsong, In Search of Amelia Earhart, Elektra K42120, released in 1972. Both the album and the Press Pak released by Elektra are highly prized by collectors and have reached cult status.[190]
- Singer Joni Mitchell wrote a song called "Amelia" on her 1976 album, Hejira, based on Earhart's legacy. A video of her live album Shadows and Light (1980) includes the song "Amelia" and incorporates clips of Earhart.
- In 1979, Bachman-Turner Overdrive (BTO) released a song called "Amelia Earhart" on their album, Rock n' Roll Nights.[citation needed]
- Erik Frandsen's musical: Song of Singapore, that opened May 23, 1991, features a lounge singer with amnesia, recovering to discover she's Earhart.
- Singer/songwriter Deb Talan's second album, Something Burning (2000), begins with a song called "Thinking Amelia".[citation needed]
- The song "Aviator" by Nemo, which appears on their 2004 debut LP Signs of Life, was written about Earhart's last flight.[citation needed]
- The song "I Miss My Sky", written by Heather Nova for her 2005 album Redbird, is dedicated to Earhart.[citation needed]
- English singer/songwriter Tom McRae's fourth album King of Cards (2007) features a song called "The Ballad of Amelia Earhart".
- Pop/rock singer-songwriter Jon Mclaughlin wrote a song titled "Amelia's Missing" (2007).[citation needed]
- The song "Amelia" from the 2009 album Blue Lights on the Runway by Irish band Bell X1 contemplates the last moments and fate of Earhart.[citation needed]
- In 2011, the Great Canadian Theatre Company hosted a musical play titled Amelia: The Girl Who Wants To Fly.[191]
- The 1943 Rosalind Russell film Flight for Freedom derived from a treatment, Stand by to Die, was a fictionalized treatment of Earhart's life.[140]
- "In Search of: Amelia Earhart," (1976) was episode 16 of the 1976–1982 In Search Of series.
- A 1976 television bio production titled Amelia Earhart starring Susan Clark and John Forsythe included flying by Hollywood stunt pilot Frank Tallman whose late partner in Tallmantz Aviation, Paul Mantz, had tutored Earhart in the 1930s.
- In the climax of the 1977 science fiction film Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Earhart is seen walking out of the Mothership, along with a crowd of a hundred other alien abduction survivors.
- The documentary Amelia Earhart: The Price of Courage (1993) from American Experience.[192][193]
- Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight (1994) starring Diane Keaton, Rutger Hauer and Bruce Dern was initially released as TV movie and subsequently released as a theatrical feature.[194]
- In the Star Trek: Voyager episode "The 37's" (first aired 1995), Earhart, portrayed by Sharon Lawrence, was one of many humans abducted by an alien race in 1937, only to be found in cryo-stasis on a planet on the other side of the galaxy.[195]
- Academy Award nominee Amy Adams portrayed Earhart in Night at the Museum 2: Battle of the Smithsonian (2009).
- In Amelia (2009), Earhart is portrayed by Hilary Swank, who also served as co-executive producer of the biopic.[196]
- The webcomic XKCD made Earhart the subject of its 950th issue on September 12, 2011.[197][198]
See also[link]
- Amelia Earhart Park
- Aviation
- Aviation archaeology
- Bernt Balchen
- Irene Craigmile Bolam
- Jacqueline Cochran
- Cornelia Fort
- Douglas Corrigan
- Frances Wilson Grayson
- German American
- Howland Island
- Lae, a city in Papua New Guinea
- Lockheed Model 10 Electra
- Lockheed Vega
- Nancy Harkness Love
- Elsie Mackay
- Paul Mantz
- Nikumaroro (Gardner Island)
- Ninety-Nines (International Organization of Women Pilots)
- Opa-locka Airport
- Harriet Quimby
- Radio navigation
- Neta Snook
- Women Airforce Service Pilots
- List of female adventurers
Notes[link]
- ^ Charles Kuralt said on CBS television program Sunday Morning, referring to Earhart: "She was a pioneer in aviation... she led the way so that others could follow and go on to even greater achievements." he wanted everyone to know about her and he stated,"Trailblazers prepare the rest of us for the future."[2]
- ^ Quote: "She vanished nearly 60 years ago, but fascination with Amelia Earhart continues through each new generation."[6]
- ^ Quote: "...the judge nevertheless adored his brave and intelligent granddaughter and in her [Earhart's] love of adventure, she seemed to have inherited his pioneering spirit."[12]
- ^ Although a good student, Earhart cut short her time at Ogontz when she became a nursing assistant in Canada.
- ^ Quote: "Amelia was reduced to being a judge of a model-airplane contest."[42]
- ^ A modern observer, Ric Gillespie, states: "Earhart’s piloting skills were average at best."
- ^ Putnam himself may have coined the term "Lady Lindy."
- ^ All licensed use of the Earhart name and likeness are owned by the family of Amelia Earhart.[64]
- ^ Quote: "Amelia eventually said yes – or rather nodded yes – to GP's sixth proposal of marriage.[77]
- ^ Quote: "It was pencilled longhand... a slip or two in spelling meticulously corrected." The later typewritten note has the word medieval incorrectly spelled. The original note has some slight variances in the header, use of commas and the salutation but is spelled correctly.[78]
- ^ Earhart's Vega 5B was her third, after trading in two Vega 1s at the Lockheed Aircraft Company's Burbank plant.[86]
- ^ Franklin D. Roosevelt was not in favor of his wife becoming a pilot. Eleanor Roosevelt would later feature prominently in another aviation-related cause when she took a famous flight with a young Black aviator that helped establish the credentials of the "Tuskegee Airmen".[91]
- ^ "Old Bessie" started out as a Vega 5 built in 1928 as c/n 36, but was modified with a replacement fuselage to become a 5B.[94]
- ^ Amelia preferred the more benign weather of the west coast for flying and based her later years' operation from California rather than the east coast.
- ^ Her job at Purdue was outlined by Edward C. Elliott, the President of Purdue University.
- ^ Purdue University established the Amelia Earhart Fund for Aeronautical Research at $50,000 to fund the purchase of the Lockheed Electra 10E.[105]
- ^ Noonan also navigated the China Clipper on its first flight to Manila, departing Alameda under the command of Captain Ed Musick, on November 22, 1935.
- ^ Noonan, Fred. Memo to Operations Manager, Pacific Division, Pan American Airlines, April 29, 1935: "The inaccuracies of direction finding bearings can be very definitely cataloged: twilight effects, faint signals, wide splits of minima and inaccurate calibration."
- ^ Quote: "Frequencies between 2,504 to 3,497.5 kc were allocated to "Coastal harbor, government, aviation, fixed, miscellaneous."[117]
- ^ The height of the antenna is important, a horizontally polarized antenna operating at a small fraction of its wavelength above the ground will be less efficient than that same antenna operating at cruising altitude.
- ^ Safford disputes a "sun line" theory and proposes that Noonan asked Earhart to fly 157–337 magnetic or to fly at right angles to the original track on north-south courses.
- ^ A teenager in the northeastern United States claims to have heard post-loss transmissions from Earhart and Noonan but modern analysis has shown there was an extremely low probability of any signal from Amelia Earhart being received in the United States on a harmonic of a frequency she could transmit upon.
- ^ The essential components were all mounted low, including the generator, batteries, dynamotor and transmitter.
- ^ In order to operate the radio for any length of time, the aircraft would have had to be standing more or less upright on its landing gear with the right engine running in order to charge the 50-watt transmitter's battery, which would have consumed six gallons of fuel per hour.
- ^ The first two days were marked by rumors and misinformation regarding radio transmission capabilities of the Lockheed Model 10 Electra that were finally resolved by the aircraft company.
- ^ Memo from Senior Aviator, USS Colorado, to The Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, "Aircraft Search of Earhart Plane." Their commander Capt Friedell made no note of "recent habitation" in his official summary.[131]
- ^ FDR himself had to respond to accusations that the search was justified.
- ^ According to records, Noonan was 6 ft (1.8 m) tall and Earhart was 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) and wore a size 6 shoe according to her sister.
- ^ Some authors have speculated that Earhart and Noonan were shot down by Japanese aircraft as she was thought to be spying on Japanese territory so America could supposedly plan an attack.
- ^ Goerner’s book was immediately challenged, but the Time Magazine article on it does include a quote from Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, who allegedly told Goerner in March 1965: "I want to tell you Earhart and her navigator did go down in the Marshalls and were picked up by the Japanese."
- ^ Goerner disclosed in his book that Nimitz refused permission to be quoted.
References[link]
Citations[link]
- ^ Morey 1995, p. 11.
- ^ a b Oakes 1985
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, pp. 111, 112.
- ^ Pearce 1988, p. 95.
- ^ a b Lovell 1989, p. 152.
- ^ The Mystery of Amelia Earhart. Social Studies School Service
- ^ Harvard University Library: A/E11/M-129, Earhart, Amy Otis, 1869–1962. Papers, 1944, n.d.: A Finding Aid
- ^ a b c Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 8.
- ^ a b Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 9.
- ^ The Ninety-Nines Grace Muriel Earhart Morrissey
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, pp. 8–9.
- ^ Randolph 1987, p. 16.
- ^ Rich 1989, p. 4.
- ^ Lovell 1989, p. 14.
- ^ a b "Amelia Earhart: Celebrating 100 Years of Flight." ameliaearhart.com. Retrieved: July 2, 2010.
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 14
- ^ Morrissey 1963, pp. 17–18.
- ^ Randolph 1987, p. 18.
- ^ Lovell 1989, p. 15.
- ^ Hamill 1976, p. 51.
- ^ Garst 1947, p. 35.
- ^ Blau 1977, pp. 10–11.
- ^ Rich 1989, p. 11.
- ^ Long 1999, p. 33.
- ^ Kerby 1990, pp. 18–19.
- ^ Popplewell, Brett. "The city Amelia loved." Toronto Star, June 29, 2008. Retrieved: June 30, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Lovell 1989, p. 27.
- ^ a b c Earhart 1932, p. 21.
- ^ a b c Backus 1982, pp. 49–50.
- ^ Rich 1989, pp. 31–32.
- ^ Earhart 1937, p. 2.
- ^ Earhart 1937, p. 3.
- ^ Thames 1989, p. 7.
- ^ Earhart 1937, p. 4.
- ^ "Lady Lindy, Amelia Earhart's Life History." aviationhistory.org. Retrieved: October 12, 2009.
- ^ Marshall 2007, p. 21.
- ^ Blau 1977, pp. 15–16.
- ^ a b Long 1999, p. 36.
- ^ U-S-History.com: Aerospace Amelia Earhart 1897–1937
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 40.
- ^ Lovell 1989, p. 37.
- ^ Hamill 1976, p. 67.
- ^ Gillespie 2006.
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 34.
- ^ Lovell 1989, pp. 40–42.
- ^ Long 1999, p. 46.
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 33.
- ^ "Amelia Earhart Biographical Sketch", George Palmer Putnam Collection of Amelia Earhart Papers, Purdue University.
- ^ Rich 1989, p. 43.
- ^ Long 1999, p. 38.
- ^ Chaisson, Stephanie. "Squantum has a hold on its residents." The Patriot Ledger newspaper, Quincy, Massachusetts, July 12, 2007.
- ^ Randolph 1987, p. 41.
- ^ Bryan 1979, p. 132.
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 54.
- ^ Southampton: A pictorial peep into the past. Southern Newspapers Ltd, 1980.
- ^ 1927 Avro Avian
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 55.
- ^ Glines 1997, p. 44.
- ^ a b Rich 1989, p. 177.
- ^ a b Pearce 1988, p. 76.
- ^ Crouch, Tom D. "Searching for Amelia Earhart." Invention & Technology, Summer 2007 via americanheritage.com. Retrieved: July 2, 2010.
- ^ Lovell 1989, p. 135.
- ^ Soard, Lori. "Amelia Earhart Luggage." LoveToKnow Corp, 2011. Retrieved: December 11, 2011.
- ^ "Business." "The Official Website of Amelia Earhart." Retrieved: December 11, 2011.
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- ^ "Biography of Amelia Earhart." Amelia Earhart Birthplace Museum. Retrieved: July 2, 2010.
- ^ a b Glines 1997, p. 45.
- ^ Boston and Maine Railroad Employees Magazine, Volume 8, Number 10, July 1933, copy in Purdue University Special Collections
- ^ Rich 1989, p. 73.
- ^ a b Mendieta, Carlene. "Amelia Earhart's Flight Across America: Rediscovering a Legend." ameliaflight.com. Retrieved: May 21, 2007.
- ^ Rich 1989, p. 85.
- ^ Lauber 1989, p. 47.
- ^ Van Pelt 2008, pp. 20–21.
- ^ Corn 1983, p. 75.
- ^ Oakes 1985, p. 31.
- ^ Lovell 1989, pp. 130, 138.
- ^ Pearce 1988, p. 81.
- ^ Lovell 1989, pp. 165–166.
- ^ "Newly Discovered Amelia Earhart Letter Shows Her Wild Side." Wireless Flash News, February 25, 2003. Retrieved: July 2, 2010.
- ^ Patterson-Neubert, Amy. "Public to get first look at Amelia Earhart's private life." Purdue News, 2003. Retrieved: July 2, 2010.
- ^ Pearce 1988, p. 82.
- ^ St. Lucie Historical Society, Inc.: Dorothy Binney Putnam Upton Blanding Palmer 1888–1982
- ^ St. Lucie Historical Society, Inc.:Edwin Binney 1866–1934
- ^ Lovell 1989, pp. 154, 174.
- ^ Parsons 1983, pp. 95–97.
- ^ "Lockheed Vega NV7952." Davis-Monthan Aviation Field Register, September 11, 2011.
- ^ Butler 1997, p. 263.
- ^ Space & Aviation Retrieved: March 2, 2008.
- ^ Goddard, Seth. "Life Hero of the Week Profile—Amelia Earhart—First Lady of the Sky." www.life.com, May 19, 1997. Retrieved: March 29, 2008.
- ^ "Amelia Earhart Centre." Derry City Council Heritage and Museum Service. Retrieved: October 23, 2009.
- ^ Glines 1997, p. 47.
- ^ Leder 1987, p. 49.
- ^ a b Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 132.
- ^ Allen 1964, pp. 199, 200, 202.
- ^ Lovell 1989, p. 218.
- ^ Oakes 1985, p. 35.
- ^ a b Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 145.
- ^ Earhart 1937, p. 37.
- ^ Lovell 1989, p. 209.
- ^ Sloate 1990, p. 64.
- ^ Altman, Elizabeth. "Amelia Earhart home, Toluca Lake, 2003." Oviatt Library Digital Archives, Delmar T. Oviatt Library, Urban Archives Center, California State University, Northridge, California. Photo: As of 29 September 2003 (2003 -09-29)[update]. Retrieved: September 23, 2011.
- ^ "History of Toluca Lake." TolucaLakeChamber.com. Retrieved: September 15, 2010.
- ^ Butler 1997, p. 341.
- ^ Long 1999, pp. 53–54.
- ^ a b Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 150.
- ^ "Lockheed Model 10E Electra c/n: 1055 Reg: NR16020." PacificWrecks.com, January 5, 2011.
- ^ Long 1999, p. 59.
- ^ "Miss Earhart to get 'Flying Laboratory'." The New York Times, April 20, 1936, p. 3.
- ^ Long 1999, p. 65.
- ^ Post and Gatty 1931, pp. 45–56.
- ^ Grooch 1936, pp. 177, 189.
- ^ a b Rich 1989, p. 245.
- ^ Leder 1987, p. 48.
- ^ a b c d Hoversten 2007, pp. 22–23.
- ^ Jacobson, Randall S., PhD "The Final Flight. Part 3: At Howland Island." tighar.org, 2009. Retrieved: July 10, 2010.
- ^ "Earhart Navigation FAQ." tighar.org. Retrieved: July 10, 2010.
- ^ American Radio Relay League 1945, p. 453.
- ^ Long 1999, p. 20.
- ^ Everette, Michael. "Electric Radio Communications Equipment Installed on Board Lockeed Electra NR16020." tighar.org, 2009. Retrieved: July 10, 2010.
- ^ American Radio Relay League 1945, pp. 196–199.
- ^ Safford et al. 2003, p. 145.
- ^ Brandenberg, Bob. "Probability of Betty Hearing Amelia on a Harmonic Gardner Sunset: 0538Z Sunrise: 1747Z," tighar.org, 2007. Retrieved: July 10, 2010.
- ^ Gillespie 2006, p. 115.
- ^ Strippel 1995, p. 18.
- ^ Gillespie 2006, diagram p. 190.
- ^ Gillespie 2006, p. 140.
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 241.
- ^ Gillespie 2006, p. 146.
- ^ a b Goldstein and Dillon 1997 p. 251.
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 248.
- ^ Finding Amelia DVD, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2006. DVD: Contents: Reports: Lambrecht.pdf, p. 3.
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 254.
- ^ Safford et al. 2003, pp. 61–62, 67–68.
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, pp. 254–255.
- ^ Goldstein and Dillon 1997, pp. 245–254.
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- ^ a b c Strippel 1995, p. 20.
- ^ Strippel 1995, p. 58.
- ^ Strippel 1995, pp. 58, 60.
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- ^ "Obituary: Fred Goerner, Broadcaster, 69." The New York Times, September 16, 1994.
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- ^ "Thomas E. Devine: What Really Happened to Amelia Earhart." google.com. Retrieved: July 2, 2010.
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- ^ "The Enduring Mystery of Amelia Earhart's Disappearance Maybe Finally Coming To an End." The Atlantic Flyer, September 2007, p. 3.
- ^ a b c Billings, David. "Aircraft Search Project in Papua New Guinea." Wings Over Kansas, 2000. Retrieved: March 27, 2012.
- ^ "Angwin, Donald Arthur." Commonwealth of Australia: Military Forces, 2002. Retrieved: March 27, 2012.
- ^ a b "Amelia Earhart Myths from the Pacific War." Pacific Wrecks, 2011. Retrieved: March 27, 2012.
- ^ Gillespie, Ric. "Amelia Earhart Survived by Colonel Rollin Reineck, USAF (ret.), 2003." tighar.org. Retrieved: July 10, 2010.
- ^ Gillespie, Ric. "Is This Amelia Earhart?" tighar.org,, 2009. Retrieved: July 10, 2010.
- ^ Strippel 1995, pp. 52–53.
- ^ Hamill 1976, p. 49.
- ^ Regis 2008, pp. 102–105.
- ^ Haynsworth and Toomey 1998
- ^ "The Yellow Brick Road Trip." theyellowbrickroadtrip.blogspot.com. Retrieved: July 2, 2009.
- ^ "Amelia Earhart's plane." History Detectives, 2009. Retrieved: July 24, 2010.
- ^ Sloate 1990, pp. 116–117.
- ^ "Kansas City Airport." Kansas Government Journal, Volume 44, 1958, p. 20. Retrieved: June 25, 2010.
- ^ "Purdue unveils Amelia Earhart sculpture." Purdue University News Service, April 16, 2009. Retrieved: June 25, 2010.
- ^ "Feature Information: Venus: Earhart." U.S.G.S. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Retrieved: June 25, 2010.
- ^ "The Amelia Earhart Birthplace Museum." ameliaearhartmuseum.org. Retrieved: June 25, 2010.
- ^ "Amelia Earhart Playhouse." wiesbaden.army.mil. Retrieved: January 21, 2010.
- ^ "In Search of Amelia Earhart/Now We Are Three." andyrobertsmusic.com. Retrieved: July 2, 2010.
- ^ Amelia: The Girl Who Wants to Fly. Great Canadian Theatre Company. Retrieved: October 6, 2011.
- ^ "Amelia Earhart: The Price of Courage (1993)." American Experience. Retrieved: February 23, 2010.
- ^ "American Experience| Amelia Earhart: The Price of Courage (1993)." imdb.com. Retrieved: February 23, 2010.
- ^ McCallion, Bernadette. "Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight (1994)." The New York Times. Retrieved: December 26, 2011.
- ^ "Star Trek: Voyager episode (The 37's)." Internet Movie Database. Retrieved: February 23, 2010.
- ^ Fleming, Michael. "Hilary Swank to play Amelia Earhart: Mira Nair to direct biopic from Ron Bass script." Variety, February 7, 2008. Retrieved: December 8, 2008.
- ^ Munroe, Randall. "Mystery solved." XKCD. Retrieved: September 12, 2011.
- ^ Chivers, Tom. "The 10 best webcomics from Achewood to XKCD." The Telegraph, November 6, 2009.
Bibliography of cited sources[link]
- Allen, Richard Sanders. Revolution in the Sky: Those Fabulous Lockheeds, The Pilots Who Flew Them. Brattleboro, Vermont: The Stephen Greene Press, 1964.
- Backus, Jean L. Letters from Amelia 1901–1937. Boston: Beacon Press, 1982. ISBN 0-8070-6703-2.
- Blau, Melinda. Whatever Happened to Amelia Earhart? Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Contemporary Perspectives Inc., 1977. ISBN 0-8172-1057-1.
- Briand, Paul. Daughter of the Sky. New York: Duell, Sloan, Pearce, 1960. No ISBN.
- Brink, Randall. Lost Star: The Search for Amelia Earhart. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1994. ISBN 978-0393026832.
- Burke, John. Winged Legend: The Story of Amelia Earhart. New York: Ballantine Books, 1971. ISBN 0-425-03304-X.
- Butler, Susan. East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1997. ISBN 0-306-80887-0.
- Bryan, C.D.B. The National Air and Space Museum. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1979. ISBN 0-8109-0666-X.
- Campbell, Mike with Thomas E. Devine. With Our Own Eyes: Eyewitnesses to the Final Days of Amelia Earhart. Lancaster, Ohio: Lucky Press, LLC, 2002. ISBN 0-9706377-6-4.
- Cochran, Jacqueline and Maryann Bucknum Brinkley. Jackie Cochran: The Autobiography of the Greatest Woman Pilot in Aviation History. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1987. ISBN 0-553-05211-X.
- Cochran, Jacqueline. Stars at Noon. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1954.
- Corn, Joseph J. The Winged Gospel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-19-503356-6.
- Crouch, Thomas D. "Searching for Amelia Earhart." Invention & Technology, Volume 23, Issue 1, Summer 2007.
- Devine, Thomas E. Eyewitness: The Amelia Earhart Incident. Frederick, Colorado: Renaissance House, 1987. ISBN 0-939650-48-7.
- Earhart, Amelia. Last Flight. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company (first edition: Putnam), 1937.
- Garst, Shannon. Amelia Earhart: Heroine of the Skies. New York: Julian Messner, Inc., 1947. No ISBN.
- Gillespie, Ric. Finding Amelia: The True Story of the Earhart Disappearance. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2006. ISBN 1-59114-319-5.
- Glines, C.V. "'Lady Lindy': The Remarkable Life of Amelia Earhart." Aviation History, July 1997.
- Goerner, Fred. The Search for Amelia Earhart. New York: Doubleday, 1966. ISBN 0-385-07424-7.
- Goldstein, Donald M. and Katherine V. Dillon. Amelia: The Centennial Biography of an Aviation Pioneer. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1997. ISBN 1-57488-134-5.
- Grooch, William Stephen. Skyway to Asia. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1936. No ISBN.
- Hamill, Pete. "Leather and Pearls: The Cult of Amelia Earhart." MS Magazine, September 1976.
- Hoverstein, Paul. "An American Obsession". Air & Space Smithsonian, Vol. 22, No. 2, June/July 2007.
- Kerby, Mona. Amelia Earhart: Courage in the Sky (Women of our Time series). New York: Puffin Books, 1990. ISBN 0-14-034263-X.
- King, Thomas F. et al. Amelia Earhart's Shoes. Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira Press, 2001. ISBN 0-7591-0130-2.
- Lauber, Patricia. Lost Star: The Story of Amelia Earhart. New York: Scholastic, 1989. ISBN 0-590-41159-4.
- Leder, Jane. Amelia Earhart (Great Mysteries: Opposing Viewpoints). San Diego: Greehaven Press, Inc., 1989. ISBN 0-89908-070-7.
- Long, Elgen M. and Marie K. Amelia Earhart: The Mystery Solved. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999. ISBN 0-684-86005-8.
- Loomis, Vincent V. Amelia Earhart, the Final Story. New York: Random House, 1985. ISBN 978-0-394-53191-5.
- Lovell, Mary S. The Sound of Wings. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. ISBN 0-312-03431-8.
- Lubben, Kristen and Erin Barnett. Amelia Earhart: Image and Icon. New York: International Center of Photography, 2007. ISBN 978-3-86521-407-2.
- Marshall, Patti. "Neta Snook". Aviation History, Vol. 17, No. 3, January 2007, pp. 21–22.
- Morey, Eileen. The Importance of Amelia Earhart. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1995. ISBN 1-56006-065-4.
- Morrissey, Muriel Earhart. Amelia Earhart. Santa Barbara, California: Bellerophon Books, 1992. ISBN 0-88388-044-X.
- Morrissey, Muriel Earhart. Courage is the Price: The Biography of Amelia Earhart. Wichita, Kansas: McCormick-Armstrong Publishing Division, 1963. ISBN 1-141-40879-1.
- Oakes, Claudia M. United States Women in Aviation 1930–1939. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985. ISBN 0-87474-380-X.
- O'Leary, Michael. "The Earhart Discovery: Fact or Fiction?" Air Classics, Vol 28, No. 8, August 1992.
- Parsons, Bill with Bill Bowman. The Challenge of the Atlantic: A Photo-Illustrated History of Early Aviation in Harbour Grace, Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador: Robinson-Blackmore Book Publishers, 1983. ISBN 0-920884-06-7.
- Pearce, Carol Ann. Amelia Earhart. New York: Facts on File, 1988. ISBN 0-8160-1520-1.
- Pellegrino, Anne Holtgren. World Flight: The Amelia Trail. Ames, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, 1971. ISBN 0-8138-1760-9.
- Post, Wiley and Harold Gatty. "Chapter III, "Driving from the back seat." Around the World in Eight Days. New York: Rand McNally & Company, 1931.
- The Radio Amateur's Handbook. West Hartford, Connecticut: American Radio Relay League, 1945. No ISBN.
- Randolph, Blythe. Amelia Earhart. New York: Franklin Watts, 1987. ISBN 0-531-10331-5.
- Regis, Margaret. When Our Mothers Went to War: An Illustrated History of Women in World War II. Seattle: NavPublishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1879932050.
- Rich, Doris L. Amelia Earhart: A Biography. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. ISBN 1-56098-725-1.
- Safford, Laurance F. with Cameron A. Warren and Robert R. Payne. Earhart's Flight into Yesterday: The Facts Without the Fiction, McLean, Virginia: Paladwr Press, 2003. ISBN 1-888962-20-8.
- Sloate, Susan. Amelia Earhart: Challenging the Skies. New York: Fawcett Books, 1990. ISBN 978-0-449-90396-4 .
- Strippel, Richard G. Amelia Earhart: The Myth and the Reality. New York: Exposition Press, 1972. ISBN 0-682-47447-9.
- Strippel, Richard G. "Researching Amelia: A Detailed Summary for the Serious Researcher into the Disappearance of Amelia Earhart." Air Classics, Vol. 31, No. 11, November 1995.
- Thames, Richard. Amelia Earhart. New York: Franklin Watts, 1989. ISBN 0-531-10851-1.
- Van Pelt, Lori. Amelia Earhart: The Sky's No Limit. London: Macmillan, 2005. ISBN 978-0-7653-1061-3.
- Van Pelt, Lori. "Amelia's Autogiro Adventures." Aviation History, March 2008.
- Ware, Susan. Still Missing: Amelia Earhart and the Search for Modern Feminism. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993. ISBN 0-393-03551-4.
- Wright, Monte Duane. Most Probable Position, A History of Aerial Navigation to 1941. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1972. ISBN 0-7006-0092-2.
Additional resources[link]
- Barker, Ralph. Great Mysteries of the Air. London: Pan Books, 1966. ISBN 0-330-02096-X.
- Cady, Barbara. They Changed the World: 200 Icons Who Have Made a Difference. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 2003. ISBN 1-57912-328-7.
- Chapman, Sally Putnam, with Stephanie Mansfield. Whistled Like a Bird: The Untold Story of Dorothy Putnam, George Putnam and Amelia Earhart. New York: Warner Books, 1997. ISBN 0-446-52055-1.
- Haynsworth, Leslie and David Toomey. Amelia Earhart's Daughters: The Wild and Glorious Story of American Women Aviators from World War II to the Dawn of the Space Age. New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc., 1998. ISBN 0-380-72984-9.
- Landsberg. Alan. In Search of Missing Persons. New York: Bantam Books, 1978. ISBN 0-553-11459-X.
- Moolman, Valerie. Women Aloft (The Epic of Flight series). Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1981. ISBN 0-8094-3287-0.
- Turner, Mary. The Women's Century: A Celebration of Changing Roles 1900–2000. Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK: The National Archives, 2003. ISBN 1-903365-51-1.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amelia Earhart |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Amelia Earhart |
- A 1930's American Hope, Amelia Earhart, Essay by Mariette Vermeulen, April 3, 1997
- "George Palmer Putnam Collection of Amelia Earhart Papers," Purdue University Libraries
- Amelia Earhart Birthplace Museum
- Amelia Earhart Collection of Papers, Memorabilia and Artifacts The world's largest collection of Earhart photographs, artifacts and correspondence. More than 600 photos are now online
- Amelia Earhart's Flight Across America: Rediscovering a Legend
- Amelia Earhart Official Web site
- Amelia Earhart: On The Future Of Women In Flying (listen online)
- Museum of Women Pilots
- Amelia Earhart at Find a Grave
- Amelia Earhart Memorial flight Recreation
- Life and Mystery of Amelia Earhart slideshow by Life magazine
- Amelia Earhart interview following the 1932 transatlantic flight
- General Correspondence: Earhart, Amelia, 1932–1934, The Wilbur and Orville Wright Papers at the Library of Congress
- Speech by Amelia Earhart from the collection American English Dialect Recordings, Library of Congress
- CG cutter Itasca and the search for Earhart
- FBI file on Amelia Earhart
- Booknotes interview with Susan Butler on East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart, December 14, 1997.
- Skeptoid #295: Finding Amelia Earhart at Skeptoid
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||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Earhart, Amelia Mary |
| Alternative names | A.E., "Mellie" and "Millie" (nicknames) |
| Short description | American aviator |
| Date of birth | July 24, 1897 |
| Place of birth | Atchison, Kansas, United States |
| Date of death | Unknown (missing since July 2, 1937) |
| Place of death | Unknown (missing over the Pacific Ocean) |
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Not to be confused with Cliff Montgomery.
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2011) |
| Montgomery Clift | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Edward Montgomery Clift (1920-10-17)October 17, 1920 Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. |
| Died | July 23, 1966(1966-07-23) (aged 45) New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1935–66 |
Edward Montgomery Clift (October 17, 1920 – July 23, 1966) was an American film and stage actor.[1] The New York Times’ obituary noted his portrayal of "moody, sensitive young men".[2]
He often played outsiders, often "victim-heroes,"[3] - examples include the social climber in George Stevens's A Place in the Sun, the anguished Catholic priest in Hitchcock's I Confess, the doomed regular soldier Robert E. Lee Prewitt in Fred Zinnemann's From Here to Eternity, and the Jewish GI bullied by antisemites in Edward Dmytryk's The Young Lions. Later, after a disfiguring car crash in 1956, and alcohol and prescription drug abuse, he became erratic. Nevertheless important roles were still his, including "the reckless, alcoholic, mother-fixated rodeo performer in Huston's The Misfits, the title role in Huston's Freud, and the concentration camp victim in Stanley Kramer's Judgment at Nuremberg."[4]
Clift received four Academy Award nominations during his career, three for Best Actor and one for Best Supporting Actor.[5]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Clift was born on October 17, 1920, in Omaha, Nebraska. His father, William Brooks Clift, was a vice-president of Omaha National Trust Company.[6] His mother was the former Ethel Fogg Anderson, who had partial maternal Dutch and partial Irish ancestry. They had married in 1914.[7] Clift had a twin sister, Roberta (aka Ethel), and a brother, William Brooks Clift Jr. (1918–1986), who had an illegitimate son with actress Kim Stanley. Montgomery Clift later resided in Jackson Heights, Queens, until he got his break on Broadway. Clift's mother's nickname was "Sunny", and was reportedly adopted as a one-year old. She spent part of her life and her husband's money attempting to establish the Southern lineage that had reportedly been revealed to her at age 18 by the physician who delivered her, Edward Montgomery, after whom she named her younger son. According to Clift biographer Patricia Bosworth, Ethel was the illegitimate daughter of Woodbury Blair and Maria Anderson, whose marriage had been annulled before her birth and subsequent adoption. This would make her a granddaughter of Montgomery Blair, Postmaster General under President Abraham Lincoln, and a great-granddaughter of Francis Preston Blair, a journalist and adviser to President Andrew Jackson, and Levi Woodbury, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. However, the relationship between Blair and Anderson has not been proven and in the absence of documentation any connection to the Clifts remains in doubt.
As part of Sunny Clift's lifelong preparation for acceptance by her reported biological family, a goal which she never fully achieved, she raised Clift and his siblings as if they were aristocrats. Home-schooled by their mother as well as private tutors in the United States and Europe, in spite of their father's fluctuating finances, they did not attend a regular school until they were in their teens. The adjustment was difficult, particularly for Montgomery. His academic performance lagged behind that of his sister and brother.
Clift was educated in French, German, and Italian. During World War II, he was rejected for military service due to allergies and colitis.
Career[link]
Appearing on Broadway at the age of 15, Clift achieved success and performed on stage for 10 years before moving to Hollywood. At 20, he played the son in the Broadway production of There Shall Be No Night, which won the 1941 Pulitzer Prize for drama, and starred Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne.
Clift's first movie role was opposite John Wayne in the 1948 film Red River which was shot in 1946 and released in 1948. Clift's second movie was The Search. Clift was unhappy with the quality of the script, and rewrote most of it himself. The movie was nominated for a screenwriting Academy Award, but the original writers were credited. Clift's performance saw him nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. His naturalistic performance led to director Fred Zinneman's being asked, "Where did you find a soldier who can act so well?"
Clift's next movie was The Heiress. He signed on for the movie in order to avoid being typecast. Again unhappy with the script, Clift told friends that he wanted to change his co-star Olivia De Havilland's lines because "she isn't giving me enough to respond [to]." Clift also was unable to get along with most of the cast; he criticized De Havilland, saying that she let the director shape her entire performance.
The studio marketed Clift as a sex symbol prior to the movie's release in 1949. Clift had a large female following, and Olivia De Havilland was flooded with angry fan letters because her character rejects Clift's character in the final scene of the movie. Clift ended up unhappy with his performance, and left early during the movie's premiere.[8]
Clift's next movie was The Big Lift. Although Clift gave another critically acclaimed performance, the movie was a box office failure. Clift was set to appear in Sunset Boulevard, written specifically for him, but he dropped out at the last minute, as he felt that his character was too close to him in real life (like his character, he was good looking, and dating a much older, richer woman).[8]
Prime years[link]
Entering the 1950s Clift was one of the most sought-after leading men in Hollywood, and his only direct competitor was Marlon Brando. At one point he was receiving so many offers of roles that friends had to squeeze past stacks of them in order to walk up the stairs. According to Elizabeth Taylor (as quoted in Patricia Bosworth's biography of Clift), "Monty could've been the biggest star in the world if he did more movies".Clift was notoriously picky with his projects. His next movie, A Place in the Sun (1951), is one of his iconic roles. The studio paired up two of the biggest young stars in Hollywood at the time (Clift and Elizabeth Taylor) in what was expected to be a blockbuster that would capitalize on their sex symbol status.[8]
Clift's performance in the movie is regarded as one of the signature method acting performances. He worked extensively on his character and was again nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. For his character's scenes in jail, Clift spent a night in a real state prison. He also refused to go along with the director George Stevens's suggestion that he do "something amazing" on his character's walk to the electric chair. Instead, he walked to his death with a natural, depressed facial expression. His main acting rival, Marlon Brando, was so moved by Clift's performance, that he voted for Clift to win the Academy Award for Best Actor, and was sure that he would win. That year Clift voted for Brando in A Streetcar Named Desire. The movie was critically acclaimed and Charlie Chaplin called it "the greatest movie made about America". The movie received added media attention due to the rumors that Clift and Taylor were dating in real life. They were billed as "the most beautiful couple in Hollywood". Many critics still call Clift and Taylor "the most beautiful Hollywood movie couple of all time".[8]
Clift's next movie was Alfred Hitchcock's I Confess. True to his method, Clift temporarily lived in a Catholic church and studied priests. The movie was a box office failure due to the controversy over Clift's character (a Catholic priest) being romantically involved with a woman.[8]
Arguably Clift's peak came with the 1953 classic From Here to Eternity. Clift worked exceptionally hard on the character of Robert E. Lee Prewitt. For example, in one of his scenes he changed the word "blind" to "see", because he did not feel the former. He also decided that his character would only reveal his feelings while playing the bugle. For this, he learned to play the bugle even though he knew that he would be dubbed by a professional bugler (he said that he wanted his lip movements to be accurate.) He acted his character's death scene so realistically, that many members of the cast and crew cried. His co-star Burt Lancaster revealed that he was so nervous about being out-acted by Clift, that he was shaking during their first scene together in the movie. Once again Clift received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actor. Clift lost out to William Holden (who won for Stalag 17). Holden himself was surprised by his win. Allegedly, Clift was unpopular among the Hollywood elite for his refusal to conform to Hollywood standards since he refused to publicize his private life, avoided movie premieres and parties, was usually unavailable for interviews, and preferred to live outside of Los Angeles. Clift was reportedly devastated over his loss, and was sent an honorary small golden bugle award by the movie's producers which he treasured for the rest of his life.[8]
Clift's final completely pre-accident movie was Terminal Station. Once again Clift's performance was critically acclaimed however, the movie bombed at the box office due to its lackluster script.[8]
Clift and Brando, who was also born in Omaha, had reputations as Hollywood rivals because of their rapid rise to stardom and similar acting styles. Clift was one of James Dean's idols and he would sometimes call Clift "just to hear his voice".[8]
Clift reportedly turned down the starring role in East of Eden just as he had for Sunset Boulevard.[9]
Car accident[link]
On the evening of May 12, 1956, while filming Raintree County, Clift was involved in a serious auto accident when he smashed his car into a telephone pole after leaving a dinner party at the Beverly Hills home of his Raintree County co-star and close friend Elizabeth Taylor and her second husband, Michael Wilding. Alerted by friend Kevin McCarthy, who witnessed the accident, Taylor raced to Clift's side, manually pulling a tooth out of his tongue as he had begun to choke on it. He suffered a broken jaw and nose, a fractured sinus, and several facial lacerations which required plastic surgery.[10] In a filmed interview, he later described how his nose could be snapped back into place.
After a two-month recovery, he returned to the set to finish the film. Against the movie studio's worries over profits, Clift correctly predicted the film would do well, if only because moviegoers would flock to see the difference in his facial appearance before and after the accident. The pain of the accident led him to rely on alcohol and pills for relief, as he had done after an earlier bout with dysentery left him with chronic intestinal problems. As a result, Clift's health and looks deteriorated considerably from then until his death.
Post-accident career[link]
Clift never physically or emotionally recovered from his car accident as his handsome facial looks were gone forever. His post-accident career has been referred to as the "longest suicide in Hollywood history" because of his alleged substance abuse.[11] Neverless, Clift continued to work over the next 10 years. His next three films were Lonelyhearts (1958), The Young Lions (1958) and Suddenly, Last Summer (1959). Clift starred with Lee Remick in Elia Kazan's Wild River in 1960. In 1958, he turned down what became Dean Martin's role as "Dude" in Rio Bravo, which would have reunited him with his co-stars from Red River, John Wayne and Walter Brennan.
He then co-starred in John Huston's The Misfits (1961), which was both Marilyn Monroe's and Clark Gable's last film. Monroe, who was also having emotional problems at the time, famously described Clift in a 1961 interview as: "The only person I know who is in even worse shape than I am." By the time Clift was making John Huston's Freud: The Secret Passion (1962) his self-destructive lifestyle was affecting his health. Universal sued him for his frequent absences that caused the film to go over budget. The case was later settled out of court; the film's success at the box office brought numerous awards for screenwriting and directing, but none for Clift himself. Some time after the initial release of the film Clift appeared on The Hy Gardner Show, where he spoke at length about the accident and its effects, his film career, and treatment by the press. During the interview, Gardner mentions that it is the "first and last appearance on a television interview program for Montgomery Clift".
Clift's last Oscar nomination was for best supporting actor for his role in Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), a 12-minute supporting part. He played a mentally retarded man who had been a victim of the Nazi sterilization program. The film's director, Stanley Kramer, later wrote in his memoirs that Clift—by this stage a wreck—struggled to remember his lines even for this one scene:
Finally I said to him, "Just forget the damn lines, Monty. Let's say you're on the witness stand. The prosecutor says something to you, then the defense attorney bitterly attacks you, and you have to reach for a word in the script. That's all right. Go ahead and reach for it. Whatever the word may be, it doesn't really matter. Just turn to (Spencer) Tracy on the bench whenever you feel the need, and ad lib something. It will be all right because it will convey the confusion in your character's mind." He seemed to calm down after this. He wasn't always close to the script, but whatever he said fitted in perfectly, and he came through with as good a performance as I had hoped.[12]
Death[link]
On July 22, 1966, Clift spent most of the day in his bedroom in his New York City townhouse, located at 217 East 61st Street. He and his live-in personal secretary, Lorenzo James, had not spoken much all day. Shortly before 1 am, James went up to say goodnight. The Misfits was on television that night airing as a late-night movie, and James asked Clift if he wanted to watch it with him. "Absolutely not!" was the reply. This was the last time Montgomery Clift spoke to anyone. At 6 am the next day, James went to wake him, but found the bedroom door locked. Unable to break it down, he ran down to the back garden and climbed a ladder to enter through the bedroom window. Inside, he found Clift dead: he was undressed, lying on his back in bed, with glasses on and both fists clenched.
Clift's body was taken to the city morgue at 520 First Avenue and autopsied. The autopsy report cited the cause of death as a heart attack brought on by "occlusive coronary artery disease." No evidence was found that suggested foul play or suicide. It is commonly believed that drug addiction was responsible for Clift's many health problems and his death. In addition to lingering effects of dysentery and chronic colitis, an underactive thyroid was later revealed. The condition (among other things) lowers blood pressure; it may have caused Clift to appear drunk or drugged when he was sober.[13]
Following a 15-minute ceremony at St. James Church attended by 150 guests including Lauren Bacall, Frank Sinatra and Nancy Walker, Clift was buried in the Quaker Cemetery, Prospect Park, Brooklyn, New York City. Elizabeth Taylor, who was in Paris, sent flowers, as did Roddy McDowall, Myrna Loy, and Lew Wasserman.
Relationships[link]
Patricia Bosworth, who had access to Clift's family and many people who knew and worked with him, wrote in her book, "Monty carried on affairs with men and women. After his car accident his addiction included pain killers and became serious. His deepest commitments were emotional and reserved for old friends; he was unflinchingly loyal to women like Elizabeth Taylor, Libby Holman, Nancy Walker and Ann Lincoln.[8]
Elizabeth Taylor was a significant figure in his life. He met her when she was supposed to be his date at the premiere for The Heiress. They appeared together in A Place in the Sun, where their romantic scenes received considerable acclaim for their naturalness and their appearance. Clift and Taylor appeared together again in Raintree County and Suddenly, Last Summer.
Because Clift was considered unemployable in the mid 1960s, Taylor put her salary for the film on the line as insurance, in order to have Clift cast as her co-star in Reflections in a Golden Eye.[8] Clift died before the movie was set to shoot. Clift and Taylor remained good friends until his death.
Awards and honors[link]
Clift has been honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6104 Hollywood Boulevard and received four nominations for Academy Awards:
- 1948: Best Actor in a Leading Role—The Search
- 1951: Best Actor in a Leading Role—A Place in the Sun
- 1953: Best Actor in a Leading Role—From Here to Eternity
- 1961: Best Actor in a Supporting Role—Judgment at Nuremberg
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | The Search | Ralph 'Steve' Stevenson | Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actor |
| Red River | Matthew 'Matt' Garth | ||
| 1949 | The Heiress | Morris Townsend | |
| 1950 | The Big Lift | Sgt. 1st Class Danny MacCullough | |
| 1951 | A Place in the Sun | George Eastman | Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actor |
| 1953 | I Confess | Fr. Michael William Logan | Directed by Alfred Hitchcock |
| Terminal Station | Giovanni Doria | aka Indiscretion of an American Wife | |
| From Here to Eternity | Pvt. Robert E. Lee 'Prew' Prewitt | Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actor | |
| 1957 | Raintree County | John Wickliff Shawnessy | |
| Operation Raintree | Himself | Short subject | |
| 1958 | Lonelyhearts | Adam White | |
| The Young Lions | Noah Ackerman | ||
| 1959 | Suddenly, Last Summer | Dr. Cuckrowicz | |
| 1960 | Wild River | Chuck Glover | Directed by Elia Kazan |
| 1961 | The Misfits | Perce Howland | |
| 1961 | Judgment at Nuremberg | Rudolph Petersen | Nominated – Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture |
| 1962 | Freud: The Secret Passion | Sigmund Freud | |
| 1966 | The Defector | Prof. James Bower |
Stage appearances[link]
- Fly Away Home (1935)
- Jubilee (1935)
- Yr. Obedient Husband (1938)
- Eye On the Sparrow (1938)
- Dame Nature (1938)
- The Mother (1939)
- There Shall Be No Night (1940)
- The Skin of Our Teeth (1942)
- The Searching Wind (1944)
- Foxhole in the Parlor (1945)
- You Touched Me (1945)
- The Seagull (1954)
Notes[link]
- ^ Obituary Variety, July 27, 1966.
- ^ Montgomery Clift Dead at 45; Nominated 3 Times for Oscar; Completed Last Movie, 'The Defector,' in June Actor Began Career at Age 13 July 24, 1966, Sunday Page 61
- ^ Philip French's Screen Legends, The Observer Review, January 17, 2010
- ^ The Observer Review, January 17, 2010
- ^ "Montgomery Clift". Oscars.com. http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp;jsessionid=9B962145FA7D4F1CD88528D4248E2DFD?curTime=1265031101666. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
- ^ LaGuardia, p. 6
- ^ LaGuardia, p. 5
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bosworth, p. ??
- ^ Capua, p. 92
- ^ "Montgomery Clift Official Site". Cmgww.com. July 23, 1966. http://www.cmgww.com/stars/clift/about/biography2.htm. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
- ^ Clarke, Gerald. "Books: Sunny Boy". Time Magazine Feb 20, 1978.
- ^ Kramer, et. al., p. 193
- ^ McCann, p. 68
References[link]
- Bosworth, Patricia (2007). Montgomery Clift: A Biography. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-87910-135-0.
- Capua, Michelangelo (2002). Montgomery Clift: A Biography. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1432-1.
- Kramer, Stanley and Thomas M. Coffey (1997). A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World: A Life in Hollywood. ISBN 0-15-154958-3.
- LaGuardia, Robert (1977). Monty: A Biography of Montgomery Clift. New York, Avon Books. ISBN 0-300-01887-X (paperback edition)
- McCann, Graham (1991). Rebel Males: Clift, Brando and Dean. H. Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-12884-8.
- The Clash [Punk rock]: "London Calling" [album] - [track] 'The Right Profile'
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Montgomery Clift |
- Montgomery Clift at the Internet Movie Database
- Montgomery Clift at the Internet Broadway Database
- Montgomery Clift at the TCM Movie Database
- Montgomery Clift at Find a Grave
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Clift, Montgomery |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | October 17, 1920 |
| Place of birth | Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. |
| Date of death | July 23, 1966 |
| Place of death | New York City, New York, U.S. |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
