Coordinates | 40°37′29″N73°57′8″N |
---|---|
name | Góra Kalwaria |
image shield | POL Góra Kalwaria COA.svg |
pushpin map | Poland |
pushpin label position | bottom |
coordinates region | PL |
subdivision type | Country |
subdivision name | |
subdivision type1 | Voivodeship |
subdivision name1 | Masovian |
subdivision type2 | County |
subdivision name2 | Piaseczno |
subdivision type3 | Gmina |
subdivision name3 | Góra Kalwaria |
leader title | Mayor |
leader name | Barbara Samborska |
established title | Established |
established date | 13th century |
established title3 | Town rights |
established date3 | 1670 |
area total km2 | 13.72 |
population as of | 2006 |
population total | 11130 |
population density km2 | auto |
timezone | CET |
utc offset | +1 |
timezone dst | CEST |
utc offset dst | +2 |
postal code type | Postal code |
postal code | 05-530 |
area code | +48 22 |
blank name | Car plates |
blank info | WPI |
website | http://www.gorakalwaria.pl}} |
Góra Kalwaria is a town on the Vistula River in the Mazovian Voivodship, Poland, about 25 km southeast of Warsaw. It has a population of about 11,000 (1992). The town has significance for both Catholic Christians and Hasidic Jews. Originally, its name was simply Góra (literally: "Mountain"), changed in 1670 to Nowa Jerozolima ("New Jerusalem"), and in the 18th century to Góra Kalwaria ("Calvary Mountain"). The Yiddish name of the town is גער (Ger).
Major industries include: food processing (Hortex), sports equipment (Polsport), and chemical industry. But in 2005 it is all closed down.
In 1670, the town was renamed Nowa Jerozolima, granted city rights and construction work kicked off. The urban design was based on medieval maps of Jerusalem, and the street grid formed a Latin cross. The bishop invited Dominican, Bernardine and Piarist orders to settle in the town, which soon became dotted with monasteries, churches, chapels and passion paths (such as stations of the Cross). The town was supposed to be a purely Christian one and Jews were not allowed to settle there.
After Bishop Wierzbowski's death the decline of the town began. Many churches and chapels were pulled down, and in the years 1883–1919 the town was deprived of city rights.
In the early 19th century, the ban on Jewish settlement was lifted and Jews shortly became the predominant group in the town. Góra Kalwaria then became one of the major centers of Hasidic Judaism and home to the Ger dynasty. During the Holocaust, the Jewish population of the town was first concentrated in a small ghetto. In 1942, the town moved to the Warsaw Ghetto and was later moved into the Treblinka extermination camp.
Category:Shtetls Category:Piaseczno County Category:Cities and towns in Masovian Voivodeship
bg:Гора Калвария de:Góra Kalwaria eo:Góra Kalwaria fr:Góra Kalwaria he:גורה קלוואריה jv:Góra Kalwaria lv:Gura Kalvarja nl:Góra Kalwaria (stad) pl:Góra Kalwaria pt:Góra Kalwaria ro:Góra Kalwaria ru:Гура-Кальвария sk:Góra Kalwaria uk:Гура-Кальвар'яThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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