Moshe Arens
Date of birth	(1925-12-27) 27 December 1925 (age 86)
Place of birth	Kaunas, Lithuania
Year of aliyah	1948
Knessets	8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15
Party	Likud
Ministerial posts (current in bold)	Minister of Defense Minister without Portfolio Minister of Foreign Affairs

Moshe Arens (Hebrew: משה ארנס‎, born 27 December 1925) is an Israeli aeronautical engineer, researcher and former diplomat and politician. A member of the Knesset between 1973 and 1992 and again from 1999 until 2003, he served as Minister of Defense three times and once as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Arens has also served as the Israeli ambassador to the U.S. and was professor at the Technion in Haifa.

Biography[link]

Born in Kaunas, Lithuania, Arens immigrated to the United States with his family in 1939 and became an American citizen. As a youth, Arens became a leader in the Betar youth movement. He studied engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and aeronautical engineering at the California Institute of Technology.^[1] During World War II, Arens served in the United States Army Corps of Engineers. After Israeli independence in 1948, Arens made aliyah and joined the Irgun. He later became a founding member of the Herut party which grew out of it.

Between 1957 and 1962 Arens worked as a Professor for aeronautics at the Technion.^[2] From 1962 until 1971 he was a Deputy Director General at Israel Aircraft Industries, and won the Israel Defense Prize in 1971. After the Yom Kippur War he entered politics and was elected to the Knesset as a member of Likud in the 1973 elections. After being re-elected in 1977, he became chairman of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee.

He was re-elected again in 1981, but resigned from the Knesset on 19 January 1982 when appointed ambassador to the United States. He returned to Israel in February 1983 after being appointed Minister of Defense, replacing Ariel Sharon, who had been forced out of office following the Kahan Commission's report on the Sabra and Shatila massacre.

He was re-elected in 1984, but was only appointed Minister without Portfolio. After another re-election in 1988 he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, and in 1990 returned to the Defense portfolio.

After Likud lost the 1992 elections, Arens retired from politics. However, he returned in 1999 to challenge Binyamin Netanyahu for the Likud leadership. Although he failed in his challenge, winning only 18% of the vote, Netanyahu appointed him Minister of Defense, replacing Yitzhak Mordechai, who had left Likud to establish the Centre Party.

Although Arens returned to the Knesset after the 1999 elections, Likud lost the elections and he left the cabinet. He lost his seat for the final time in 2003.

Today Arens is Chairman of the International Board of Governors of the Ariel University Center of Samaria and writes for Haaretz.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Moshe Arens Knesset website
• Charlie Rose – Moshe Arens
• Moshe Arens Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs

v t e Defense Ministers of Israel Ben-Gurion (1948–54) Lavon (1954–55) Ben-Gurion (1955–63) Eshkol (1963–67) Dayan (1967–74) Peres (1974–77) Weizman (1977–80) Begin (1980–81) Sharon (1981–83) Arens (1983–84) Rabin (1984–90) Shamir (1990) Arens (1990–92) Rabin (1992–95) Peres (1995–96) Mordechai (1996–99) Arens (1999) Barak (1999–2001) Ben-Eliezer (2001–02) Mofaz (2002–06) Peretz (2006–07) Barak (2007–)

v t e Foreign Affairs Ministers of Israel Sharett (1948–56) Meir (1956–66) Eban (1966–74) Allon (1974–77) Dayan (1977–79) Shamir (1980–86) Peres (1986–88) Arens (1988–90) Levy (1990–92) Peres (1992–95) Barak (1995–96) Levy (1996–98) Sharon (1998–99) Levy (1999–2000) Ben-Ami (2000–01) Peres (2001–02) Netanyahu (2002–03) Shalom (2003–06) Livni (2006–09) Lieberman (2009–)

v t e Israeli ambassadors to the United States Eilat (1948–50) · Eban (1950–59) · Harman (1959–1968) · Rabin (1968–1973) · Dinitz (1973–1979) · Evron (1979–1982) · Arens (1982–1983) · Rosenne (1983–1987) · Arad (1987–1990) · Shoval (1990–1993) · Itamar Rabinovich (1993–1996) · Ben-Elissar (1996–1998) · Shoval (1998–2000) · Ivry (2000–2002) · Ayalon (2002–2006) · Meridor (2006–2009) · Oren (2009–)

Middle East
Countries (2011)	Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, *Gaza, Iran, Iraq, *Iraqi Kurdistan, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, *Northern Cyprus, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE, *PNA, Yemen

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2011)

Note:

• Modern is the post-Ottoman period, since 1918.
• The Middle East is traditionally defined as the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia, Levant, and Egypt) and neighbouring areas of Arabia, Anatolia and Iran. It currently encompasses the area from Egypt, Turkey, and Cyprus in the west to Iran and the Persian Gulf in the east.^[1]
• Conflicts are separate incidents with at least 100 casualties.
• Conflicts are listed by total deaths, including subconflicts.

List of conflicts[link]

Date	Conflict	Location	Casualties
1902–1932	Unification of Saudi Arabia War [a]	Emirate of Riyadh Kingdom of Hejaz Kuwaiti Emirate Sultanate of Nejd Transjordan 22x20px Mandatory Iraq Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz	8,000-9,000
1918–1922	Simko Shikak revolt [2][verification needed]	Persia	1,000–5,500
1919	Egyptian Revolution of 1919 [3][4]	Sultanate of Egypt	800-3,000
1919–1923	Turkish War of Independence (Asia Minor Catastrophe) [b][verification needed]	Turkey 22x20px Greece  Armenia  Soviet Union	170,500–873,000
1919–2003	Iraqi-Kurdish conflict [c]	22x20px Iraq  Iraq  Iraq Kingdom of Kurdistan  Iraqi Kurdistan	141,000-320,000
1920	Franco-Syrian War[citation needed]	Syrian Hashemite Kingdom Syria French Mandate	5,000
1920	Iraqi revolt against the British [5][6]	22x20px Kingdom of Iraq (Mandate administration)	2,050-9,000
1923	Adwan Rebellion	Transjordan	100
1924–1927	Great Syrian Revolt (Druze War) [7][verification needed]	Greater Lebanon Syria French Mandate Jabal Druze State of Damascus	12,000
1925	Sheikh Said rebellion[8][9]	Turkey	15,000–250,500
1929	Palestine riots of 1929 [10][11][verification needed]	British Mandate for Palestine	251
1930	Ararat rebellion [12][13][14][15][16]	Turkey Republic of Ararat	4,500–47,000
1933	Simele massacre[17]	22x20px Kingdom of Iraq	300–3,000
1934	Saudi-Yemeni War[18]	Saudi Arabia Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen	2,100
1935	Imam Reza shrine rebellion [19]	Imperial State of Iran	151
1935-1936	1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts	22x20px Kingdom of Iraq	500
1935	1935 Yazidi revolt[17]	22x20px Kingdom of Iraq	200
1936–1939	Arab Revolt in Palestine[20]	British Mandate for Palestine	5,000
1937	Dersim Rebellion [21][22][verification needed]	Turkey	40,000–70,000
1938–1948	British-Zionist conflict [20]	British Mandate for Palestine	1,000
1939–1945	Middle East Theatre of World War II [23][d][verification needed]	22x20px Kingdom of Iraq Imperial State of Iran Kingdom of Egypt State of Greater Lebanon  British Mandate for Palestine Syrian Republic	46,000
1946	Egyptian Student Riots [24][verification needed][25]	Kingdom of Egypt	100–300
1946–1947	Iran crisis of 1946 [8][26][e]	Imperial State of Iran  Republic of Mahabad Azerbaijan People's Government  Soviet Union	2,000
1947-	Arab-Israeli conflict[f]	British Mandate for Palestine Kingdom of Egypt All-Palestine Government  Egypt  United Arab Republic  Syrian Republic  Syria  Jordan  Lebanon  Israel  Palestinian Authority Gaza Strip	73,000–84,000
1947–1948	Yahya clan coup [26]	Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen	4,000–5,000
1948	Al-Wathbah uprising[citation needed]	22x20px Kingdom of Iraq	300–400
1952	Egyptian Revolution [26]	Kingdom of Egypt  Egypt	1,000
1953	1953 Iranian coup d'état [8][26][27]	Imperial State of Iran	300-800
1954–1960	Jebel Akhdar War [8]	Sultanate of Muscat and Oman	100-523
1955–1959	Makarios crisis [20][28]	Cyprus protectorate	400–600
1956–1960	Yemeni-Adenese clans violence [26]	Aden	1,000
1958	1958 Lebanon Crisis [4][26][28]	Lebanon	1,300–4,000
1958–1959	Iraqi Revolution[26]	Arab Federation  Iraq	2,000–4,000
1962–1970	North Yemen Civil War [29][30][g]	Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen  Yemen  Saudi Arabia	100,000–200,000
1962–1975	Dhofar Rebellion [8]	Oman Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman	10,000
1963	White Revolution (Iran) [8]	Imperial State of Iran	100
1963	1963 Ba'athist coup d'état in Iraq[citation needed]	Iraq  Iraq	5,000
1963	1963 Syrian coup d'état [31]	United Arab Republic  Syria	820
1963–1967	Aden Emergency [32]	Federation of South Arabia  South Yemen	2,096
1964	1964 Hama riot [33][34]	Syria	70–100
1966	1966 neo-Ba'athist coup d'état in Syria [8]	Syria	400
1970–1971	Jordan-Palestinian Civil War (Black September) [28]	Jordan	2,000–25,000
1974	Turkish invasion of Cyprus [18]	Turkey[citation needed]  Greece[citation needed]  Cyprus	965–2,000
1975–1990	Lebanese Civil War [9][h]	Lebanon  Federation of Arab Republics  Syria  Israel	150,000
1976–1979	Political violence in Turkey, 1970s [35][36][37]	Turkey	5,000–5,388
1976–1982	Islamic uprising in Syria [38]	Federation of Arab Republics  Syria	40,000
1977	1977 Egyptian Bread Riots [39][verification needed][40]	Egypt	70–800
1977–	Kurdish–Turkish conflict [41][verification needed]	Turkey  Iraq  Federation of Arab Republics  Syria  Iraqi Kurdistan	30,000–35,000
1978–1979	Iranian Revolution [42][43]	Imperial State of Iran  Iran	3,164–60,000
1979–1980	1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran [44][45]	Iran	10,000
1979–1983	Saudi Eastern Province unrest [46]	Saudi Arabia	182–219
1979	Grand Mosque Seizure [47]	Saudi Arabia	307
1980	1980 Turkish coup d'état [48][49]	Turkey	127–550
1980	Iraqi Shia uprising (1st Sadr uprising)[50]	Iraq	1,000–30,000
1980–1988	Iran-Iraq war [18][51][i]	Iran  Iraq  Kuwait	1,000,000–1,250,000
1986	South Yemen Civil War [52]	South Yemen	5,000–12,000
1986	1986 Egyptian Conscription Riot [53]	Egypt	107
1986	1986 Damascus bombings[citation needed]	Syria	204
1987	Iranian pilgrim riot (Mecca massacre) [54]	Saudi Arabia	402
1987-1988	ANO internal executions	Lebanon  Syria	170
1990-1996	KDPI insurgency (1990s)	Iran	500-1,000
1990–1991	Gulf War [9]	Iraq  Kuwait  Saudi Arabia	40,000–57,000
1991	1991 uprisings in Iraq [50][55]	Iraq  Iraqi Kurdistan	50,000–100,000
1992–2000	Terrorism in Egypt [56][page needed]	Egypt	1,300–2,000
1994	1994 civil war in Yemen[citation needed]	Yemen	7,000–10,000
1995–	Islamic Insurgency in Saudi Arabia[citation needed]	Saudi Arabia	300
1998	Operation Desert Fox [20][28]	Iraq	600–2,000
1999	Iraqi Shia uprising (2nd Sadr uprising)[8][57]	Iraq	100-200
2003–	Iraq War [58][59][60][61][62][63][j]	Iraq  Iraq  Iraqi Kurdistan	109,032–150,726
2003–2009	Baluchi insurgency in Iran [64][unreliable source?][65]	Iran	155-400
2004	Qamishli massacre (2004)[66][67]	Syria	30–100
2004–2010	Sa'dah insurgency [68][69][verification needed][70]	Saudi Arabia  Yemen	8,000-25,000
2004–	Iran-PJAK conflict[citation needed]	Iran  Iraqi Kurdistan	575-734
2006–	Fatah–Hamas conflict [71][72]	Palestinian Authority Gaza Strip	600–700
2007	Nahr al-Bared fighting	Lebanon	470–532
2008	2008 Lebanon conflict	Lebanon	105
2009–	South Yemen Insurgency [73]	Yemen	1,554
2009–2010	Iranian election protests [74]	Iran	27–150
2010–	Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown [75][76]	Yemen	944
2010–	Arab Spring (Middle Eastern countries)[k]	Bahrain  Egypt  Syria  Yemen  Lebanon  Saudi Arabia  Oman  Iraq	10,600-14,700

Casualties breakdown[link]

[a].^ Unification of Saudi Arabia (combined casualties 7,989–8,989+)

Battle of Riyadh (1902) – 37 killed.

Battle of Dilam (1903) – 410 killed.

Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907) – 2,300+ killed.

Annexation of Al-Hasa and Qatif (1913) - unknown.

Battle of Jarrab (1915) - unknown.

Battle of Kanzaan (1915) - unknown.

First Nejd-Hejaz War 1918-1919 - 1,392 killed^[8]

Kuwait-Najd Border War (1921) - 200^[8]-800 killed.

1921 Ikhwan raid on Iraq - 700 killed.

Conquest of Ha'il - unknown.

Ikhwan raids on Transjordan 1922-1924 - 500^[77]-1,500 killed.

Second Nejd-Hejaz War (1924-1925) - 450 killed.^[8]

Ikhwan Revolt (1927-1930) - 2,000 killed.^[8]

[b].^ Turkish War of Independence (combined figure 170,500-873,000+):

Greco-Turkish War - 70,000^{[citation needed]}–400,000 casualties^{[9][verification needed]}

Franco-Turkish War - 40,000 casualties.^{[citation needed]}

Turkish-Armenian War - 60,000–432,500 casualties.^[78]

Koçkiri Rebellion - 500 killed.^{[citation needed]}

Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur - unknown.

Kuva-i Inzibatiye revolt - unknown.

[c].^ Iraqi-Kurdish conflict (combined casualty figure 138,800-320,100) of:

Mahmud Barzanji revolts - unknown.

Ahmad Barzanji revolt (1931) - unknown.

1943 Iraqi Kurdish revolt (1943) - unknown.

First Kurdish-Iraqi War (1961-1970) - 75,000-105,000 killed.^[9][29]

Second Kurdish-Iraqi War (1974-1975) - 9,000 killed.^[79]

PUK insurgency (1976-1978)- 800 killed.

Iraqi Kurdish uprising (1982-1988) - 50,000-198,000 killed.

1991 Uprising in As Sulaymaniyah - 700-2,000 killed.

Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994-1997) - 3,000^[80]-5,000 killed.

2003 invasion of Iraq - several hundred killed (~300) on the Kurdish front, at least 24 Peshmerga killed.

[d].^ Middle Eastern theatre of World War II (combined casualty figure 12,338-14,898+) of:

Anglo-Iraqi War - at least 560 killed.^[81][82]

Farhud 175-780 killed.

Syria-Lebanon Campaign 10,404-12,964 killed.

Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 100^[8]-1,062 killed.

Bombing of Palestine in World War II 137 deaths.^[83]

Bombing of Bahrain in World War II - unknown.

[e].^ Iran crisis of 1946 (combined casualty figure 1,921+):

Azerbaijan People's Republic crisis - 421 killed.^[84]

Republic of Mahabad crisis - ~1,000 killed.^{[citation needed]}

Civil interregnum - 500 killed.^[85]

[f].^ Arab-Israeli conflict (combined casualty figure 73,338-84,338+):

Israeli-Palestinian conflict (1947-present) - 20,000 killed.

1947 Civil War in Palestine

Fedayeen attacks

Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon

First Intifada

Second Intifada

Gaza-Israel conflict

Arab-Israeli War (1948-1949) - 14,400 casualties.

Retribution Operations (1950s) - 3,456 casualties.

Suez War (1956) - 3,203 killed.

Six Day War (1967) - 13,976 killed.

War of Attrition (1967-1970) - 6,403 killed.

Yom Kippur War (1973) 10,000–21,000.^[86]

Second Lebanon War - 1,900 killed.

[g].^ North Yemen Civil War (combined 100,000-200,000 casualties):

1962 Coup d'état in Yemen

Ramadan offensive

Haradh offensive

Royalist offensive 1965

Siege of Sana'a 1967

[h].^ Lebanese Civil War (combined 39,132-43,970+ mortal casualties):

Bus massacre - 27 killed.

Hundred Days' War - 160 killed.

Karantina massacre - 1,000-1,500 killed.

Damour massacre - 684 killed.

Battle of the Hotels - 700 killed.

Black Saturday (Lebanon) - 200-600 killed.

Tel al-Zaatar massacre - 1,778-3,278 killed.

1982 Lebanon War - 28,280 killed.

Sabra and Shatila massacre - 762-3,500 killed.

War of the Camps (1986-1987) - 3,781 killed.

Mountain War - 1,600 killed.

War of Liberation (1989-1990) - unknown.

October 13 massacre - 500-700 killed, 260 civilians massacred.

[i].^ Iran-Iraq war (combined death count 645,000-823,000+):

Iraqi invasion 1980

Mujahedin al-Halq uprising 1981-1982

Liberation of Khorramshahr 1982 - 17,000 killed

Operation Undeniable Victory 1982 - 50,000 mortal casualties

Operation Ramadan 1982 - 80,000 killed

Kurdish Rebellion 1983-1988 (including the Al-Anfal Campaign) 50,000-198,000 killed

Operation Before the Dawn 1983 - 6,000+ killed

Operation Dawn 3 - 162,000 killed

Operation Dawn 5 1984 - 50,000 killed

Operation Dawn 6 1984 - unknown

Operation Khaibar 1984 - 49,000 killed

Tanker War 1984

Operation Badr (1985) - 30,000-32,000

War of the Cities 1985-1987

Operation Dawn-8 1986 - unknown

Operation Karbala-4 1986 - 15,000 killed

Operation Karbala-5 - 85,000 killed

Operation Nasr 4 - unknown

Operation Karbala-10 - unknown

Operation Mersad 1987 - 4,900 killed

1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 2,000^[87] - 30,000 executed

[j].^ Iraq War (combined casualty figure of 86,000-101,000):

2003 invasion of Iraq - 35,000 killed

Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006) - 15,000 killed

Civil war in Iraq 2006-2008 - 30,000-40,000 killed

Iraqi insurgency (2008-2011) - 5,000-10,000 killed

Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq - ~1,000 killed

Iraqi insurgency (post US withdrawal) - 878-1,180 killed

[k].^ Arab Spring in Syria (incl. Lebanese sectarian clashes), Yemen, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oman and Bahrain (combined fatalities figure 10,571-14,732+):

2011-2012 Syrian uprising - 7,479-11,547 killed

2011 Yemeni uprising - 1,784-1,870 killed

Egyptian crisis

2011 Egyptian revolution - 846 killed

Aftermath of the Egyptian Revolution - 300+ killed

2011–2012 Bahraini uprising - 89 killed

Lebanon

2011 Lebanese protests - 1 killed

Lebanese Alawite-Sunni clashes - 17 killed, hundreds injured

2011 Omani protests - 2-6 killed

2011 Saudi Arabian protests - 6 killed

2011 Iraqi protests - 35 killed

2011 Khuzestan protests - 12-15 killed

See also[link]

	Middle East portal
	Military history portal

• List of modern conflicts in North Africa (the Maghreb region)
• List of conflicts in Asia
• List of conflicts in the Arab League

References[link]