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![Youths Arrested In Chelmsford, Essex (Melbourne Park) [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121031140859im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/iR7SYL2mWoQ/default.jpg "4 Youths were taken away in both of the Ford Focuses. I think the other 2 were taken to a van. The BB gun was put into the boot of one of the Focuses. They were sitting in the middle of a playing field with the Essex police helicopter hovering above when I got there, with officers talking to them.")
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2MT
2MT was the first British radio station to make regular entertainment broadcasts.
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A12 road (England)
The A12 is a major road in England. A trunk road for most of its length it runs from London to Great Yarmouth in Norfolk. The road forms part of the unsigned Euroroute E30. Unlike most A roads, the A12 (together with the A14 and the A55) has junction numbers as if it were a motorway.
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A130 road
The A130 is a major road in England linking Little Waltham, near Chelmsford, the county town of Essex, with Canvey Island in the south of that county. It is a primary route for most of its length, only losing that status south of the A13 junction at Sadlers Farm "magic" roundabout as it nears its terminus on Canvey Island. It was originally a much longer cross-country route (see History).
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Aberdeen
Aberdeen (; , (pronounced ) is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 29th most populous city. It has an official population estimate of .
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Aldershot
Aldershot is a town in the English county of Hampshire, located on heathland about 60 km (37 miles) southwest of London. The town is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council. The town has a population of 33,840, whilst the Aldershot Urban Area, a loose conurbation (which also includes other towns, such as Camberley, Farnborough, and Farnham) has a population of 243,344, making it the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK
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Aldershot Urban Area
The Aldershot Urban Area is the name used by the ONS to refer to the loose conurbation on the border between Surrey, Berkshire and Hampshire in England. They give it a population of 243,344, consisting of the following towns:
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Amersham
Amersham is a market town and civil parish within Chiltern district in Buckinghamshire, England, 27 miles north west of London, in the Chiltern Hills. It is part of the London commuter belt.
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Armagh
Armagh (pronounced ar-maa, ) is a large settlement in Northern Ireland, and the county town of County Armagh. It is an ancient site of worship for both Celtic paganism and Christianity. Although classed as a medium-sized town, Armagh was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994. Its population of 14,590 (2001 Census) makes it the least-populated city in both Northern Ireland and the island of Ireland.
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Ashford, Surrey
Ashford is a town almost entirely in the Surrey borough of Spelthorne in England, with a small part falling within Greater London. It is a suburban development situated 15 miles (24 km) west south-west of Charing Cross in London and forms part of the London commuter belt. It is often referred to as Ashford, Middlesex to distinguish it from the larger town of Ashford, Kent, because it fell within the historic county of Middlesex. Since 1965, when Middlesex County Council was dissolved, it has been part of Surrey and the small London section part of the London Borough of Hounslow.
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Aylesbury
Aylesbury () is the county town of Buckinghamshire in South East England. In the 2001 census the Aylesbury Urban Area, which includes Bierton, Fairford Leys, Stoke Mandeville and Watermead, had a population of 69,021, which included 56,392 for the Aylesbury civil parish.
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Aylesbury Urban Area
The Aylesbury Urban Area is defined by the Office for National Statistics as a conurbation in central Buckinghamshire, England. It had a population of 69,021 (2001 census). The largest population centre is Aylesbury itself at 56,392.
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BAE Systems
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Bangor, Gwynedd
Bangor is a city in Gwynedd, north west Wales, and one of the smallest cities in Britain. It is a university city with a population of 13,725 at the 2001 census, not including around 10,000 students at Bangor University. Including nearby Menai Bridge on Anglesey, which does not however form part of the City of Bangor itself, the population is about 18,000. Although it is Wales's fourth largest city, this is somewhat misleading as it only ranks as 36th largest urban area in Wales. According to the census, 46.6% of the population speak Welsh.
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Barnet
High Barnet or Chipping Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet, North London, England. It is a suburban development built around a twelfth-century settlement and is located north north-west of Charing Cross. Its name is often abbreviated to Barnet, which is also the name of the London borough of which it forms a part. Chipping Barnet is the name of the Parliamentary constituency covering the local area - the word 'Chipping' denotes the presence of a market (one was established here in the thirteenth century and persists to this day).
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Basildon
Basildon () is a town located in the Basildon District of the county of Essex, England.
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Basingstoke
Basingstoke is a town in northeast Hampshire, in south-central England. It lies across a valley at the source of the River Loddon. It is southwest of London, northeast of Southampton, southwest of Reading and northeast of the county town, Winchester. In 2008 it had an estimated population of 82,913. It is part of the borough of Basingstoke and Deane and part of the parliamentary constituency of Basingstoke. Basingstoke is often nicknamed "Doughnut City" or "Roundabout City" due to the number of roundabouts.
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Bath, Somerset
Bath ( or ) is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset in the south west of England. It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. The population of the city is 83,992. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590, and was made a county borough in 1889 which gave it administrative independence from its county, Somerset. The city became part of Avon when that county was created in 1974. Since 1996, when Avon was abolished, Bath has been the principal centre of the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset (B&NES;).
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Beaconsfield
Beaconsfield () is a market town and civil parish operating as a town council within the South Bucks district in Buckinghamshire, England. It lies northwest of London, and south-east of the county town of Aylesbury. Nearby towns include Amersham to the north northeast and High Wycombe to the west.
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Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire ( or ; abbreviated Beds.) is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.
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Belfast
Belfast () is the capital of and the largest city in Northern Ireland. It is the seat of devolved government and legislative Northern Ireland Assembly. It is the largest urban area in Northern Ireland, the second-largest city in Ireland and the 15th-largest city in the United Kingdom. It is the main settlement in the province of Ulster. The city of Belfast has a population of 267,500 and lies at the heart of the Belfast urban area, which has a population of 483,418. The Belfast metropolitan area has a total population of 579,276. Belfast is also the 100th-largest urban zone in the EU. Belfast was granted city status in 1888.
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Berkhamsted
Berkhamsted () is an affluent historic town in England which is situated in the west of Hertfordshire, between the towns of Tring and Hemel Hempstead. It is also a civil parish with a designated Town Council within the administrative district (and borough since 1984) of Dacorum.
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Berkshire
Berkshire ( or , abbreviated Berks) is a historic county in the South East of England. It is also often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1958, and letters patent issued confirming this in 1974.
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Bicknacre
Bicknacre is a village in Essex, England. It is located approximately 6.5 km (4 miles) north of South Woodham Ferrers and 9.2 km (5.7 miles) southeast from the county town of Chelmsford. The village is in the borough of Chelmsford and in the parliamentary constituency of Maldon & East Chelmsford. Bicknacre has a population of an approximately 4,500 people. Bicknacre is in a very good position as it is very close to Chelmsford, South Woodham Ferrers, Danbury, Maldon and is very close to London.
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Billericay
Billericay ( ) is a small commuter town in Essex, England with a population of 40,000. The town lies 25 miles to the east of central London and 7.6 miles to the south of the county town of Chelmsford.
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Birmingham
Birmingham ( , locally ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands county of England. It is the most populous British city outside London with a population of 1,028,700 (2009 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the United Kingdom's second most populous Urban Area with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area, which includes surrounding towns to which it is closely tied through commuting, is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
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Bishop's Stortford
'''Bishop's Stortford''' is a market town and civil parish in the district of East Hertfordshire and county of Hertfordshire in England. It is situated just west of the M11 motorway, on the county boundary with Essex, and is the closest large town to London Stansted Airport, and part of the London commuter belt. Bishop's Stortford is north east of Charing Cross in the centre of London and Liverpool Street station where the train-line from Cambridge to London, which runs through the town, terminates. In the 2006 edition of the Channel 4 "Best and Worst Places to Live in the UK", East Hertfordshire was the seventh best district to live in. The town has a population of 34,826.
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Bishops Stortford
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Blackwater Estuary
The Blackwater Estuary is the estuary of the Essex River Blackwater in south-east England.
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Boreham
Boreham is a village and civil parish in Essex, England. It is located approximately 6 km (3 miles) northeast from the county town of Chelmsford. The village is in the borough of Chelmsford and parliamentary constituency of West Chelmsford.
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Borehamwood
Borehamwood (sometimes referred to as Boreham Wood) is a town in southern Hertfordshire, situated north of London. It has a population of 28,546. It is part of the borough of Hertsmere within the London commuter belt, and of the civil parish of Elstree and Borehamhwood which, at the 2001 census, had a population of 33,311. There is one weekly newspaper, the Borehamwood and Elstree Times, commonly known as the Borehamwood Times.
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Bracknell
Bracknell is a town in the Bracknell Forest borough of Berkshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Reading, southwest of Windsor and west of London.
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Braintree (district)
Braintree is a local government district in the English county of Essex. Its main town is Braintree.
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Braintree, Essex
Braintree is a town of about 42,000 people and the principal settlement of the Braintree district of Essex in the East of England. It is northeast of Chelmsford and west of Colchester on the River Blackwater, A120 road and a branch of the Great Eastern Main Line.
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Brentwood, Essex
Brentwood is a town, the principal settlement of the Borough of Brentwood, part of Essex in England. It is located in the London commuter belt, 20 miles (30 km) east north-east of Charing Cross in London and near the M25 motorway.
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Brightlingsea
Brightlingsea is a coastal town in the Tendring district of Essex, England, located between Colchester and Clacton-on-Sea, situated at the mouth of the River Colne, on Brightlingsea Creek. It has an estimated population of 8500.
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Brighton and Hove
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Bristol
Bristol () is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,006,600 residents, it is England's sixth, and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
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Broomfield Hospital
Broomfield Hospital is the general hospital for Chelmsford, England and the surrounding areas. It is the largest within the Mid Essex Hospitals Services Trust and is an 800-bed acute hospital which offers a vast range of services. The world renowned St. Andrew's Centre - a specialist unit for cleft lip and palate, burns and plastic surgery is also located at Broomfield Hospital.
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Broxbourne
Broxbourne is a commuter town in the Broxbourne borough of Hertfordshire in the East of England with a population of 13,298 in 2001.
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Buckhurst Hill
Buckhurst Hill is a suburban town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex. The settlement is contiguous with Greater London, bordered to the south by the London Borough of Redbridge and to the north west by the London Borough of Waltham Forest, and forms part of the Greater London Urban Area. It has a population of 10,738.
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Burgess Hill
Burgess Hill is a civil parish and a town primarily located in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England, close to the border with East Sussex, on the edge of the South Downs National Park. Located 38 miles (62 km) south of London, 10 miles (16 km) north of Brighton and Hove, and 29 miles (47 km) east-northeast of the county town of Chichester, it occupies an area of 2,339.57 acres (946.79 hectares) and had a population of 28,803 at the time of the 2001 Census, making it the most populous parish in the district. Other nearby towns include Haywards Heath to the north east and Lewes, the county town of East Sussex, to the south east.
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Burnham-on-Crouch
Burnham-on-Crouch is a town in the Maldon district of Essex in the East of England. It lies on the north bank of the River Crouch.
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Calgary, Alberta
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Camberley
Camberley is a town in the Surrey Heath district in Surrey, England, situated 31 miles (50 km) southwest of central London, in the corridor between the M3 and M4 motorways. The town lies close to the borders of both Hampshire and Berkshire; the boundaries intersect on the western edge of the town where all three counties converge.
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Cambridge
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Canewdon
Canewdon is a village in the Rochford District of Essex in England.
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Canvey Island
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Cardiff
Cardiff (, {{lang-cy|) is the capital, largest city and most populous county of Wales. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. According to recent estimates, the population of the unitary authority area is 324,800, while the wider metropolitan area has a population of nearly 1.1 million, more than a third of the total Welsh population. Cardiff is a significant tourism centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 14.6 million visitors in 2009.
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Castle Point
Castle Point is a local government district and borough in south Essex. The borough comprises the towns of Canvey Island, Hadleigh, South Benfleet, and Thundersley which also provides the site of the council headquarters.
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Charing Cross
Charing Cross denotes the junction of the Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square in Westminster within Central London, England. It is named after the site of a long demolished Eleanor cross (now occupied by a statue of King Charles I mounted on a horse) located at the former hamlet of Charing, at this point. Since the second half of the eighteenth century Charing Cross has been seen as the centre of London. It is the primary of the central datum points for measuring distances from London along with the London Stone and the doors of St Mary-le-Bow church.
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Chatham, Kent
Chatham ( "chat-um") is one of the Medway towns located within the Medway unitary authority, in North Kent, in South East England.
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Chelmer Village
Chelmer Village is a suburb in the east of Chelmsford (Essex, England).
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Chelmsford City F.C.
Chelmsford City Football Club are an English semi-professional football club based in Chelmsford, Essex. Playing their home games at the Melbourne Stadium, they are currently members of the Conference South.
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Chertsey
:For the municipality in Quebec see Chertsey, Quebec
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Chesham
Chesham (traditionally and locally or , although has become more common in usage) is a market town in the Chiltern Hills, Buckinghamshire, England. It is located 11 miles south-east of the county town of Aylesbury. Chesham is also a civil parish designated a town council within Chiltern district. It is situated in the Chess Valley and surrounded by farmland, as well as being bordered on one side by Amersham and Chesham Bois. The earliest records of Chesham as a settlement are from the second half of the 10th century although there is archaeological evidence of people in the area from around 8000 BC.
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Cheshunt
Cheshunt () is a town in Hertfordshire, England with a population of around 52,000 according to the United Kingdom's 2001 Census. It is a dormitory town and part of the Greater London Urban Area and London commuter belt served by Cheshunt railway station. The town is located from Charing Cross, making it one of the closest parts of Hertfordshire to Central London.
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Chester
Chester () is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77,040 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the 2001 Census. Chester was granted city status in 1541.
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Chichester
Chichester () is a cathedral city in West Sussex, South-East England. It has a long history as a settlement; its Roman past and its subsequent importance in Anglo-Saxon times are only its beginnings. It is the seat of a bishopric, with a 12th century cathedral, and is home to some of the oldest churches and buildings in Great Britain.
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Chignal St James
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Chipping Ongar
Chipping Ongar is a small market town, and a civil parish called Ongar, in the Epping Forest district of the county of Essex, England. It is located East of Epping, South-East of Harlow and North-West of Brentwood.
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Chiswick
Chiswick () is a large suburb of west London, England and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It is located on a meander of the River Thames, west of Charing Cross and is one of 35 major centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, with an agrarian and fishing economy. Having good communications with London from an early time the area became a popular country retreat, and as part of the suburban growth of London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the population of Chiswick significantly expanded. With neighbouring Brentford, it became a municipal borough in 1932 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
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City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster (), is a local government district of Lancashire, England, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Morecambe, Heysham, and Carnforth, as well as outlying villages and rural hinterland. The city has a population of 133,914, and an area of .
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City of Leeds
The City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, governed by Leeds City Council, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. The district includes Leeds and other smaller towns such as Guiseley, Morley, Rothwell, Otley, Pudsey and Wetherby. It has a population of () and is the second largest local government district in England by population; and the second largest metropolitan district by area.
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City of London
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City of St Albans
The City of St Albans (), also known as the City and District of St Albans or District of St Albans, is a local government district, in Hertfordshire, England. It was created in 1974 and since then has held the status of non-metropolitan district and city. The local authority is St Albans City Council. It has routes to the M1 motorway via the A414 road (formerly the M10 motorway), and rail routes to London St Pancras and Watford via St Albans City railway station and St Albans Abbey railway station respectively.
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City of Westminster
The City of Westminster () is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the density of the district is high. Many sites thought of as being in London are actually in Westminster, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The city is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the city is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
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City of Winchester
Winchester () is a local government district in Hampshire, England, with city status. It covers an area of central Hampshire including the city of Winchester itself, and neighbouring towns and villages including New Alresford, Colden Common and Bishops Waltham.
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Clacton-on-Sea
{|
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CM postcode area
The CM postcode area, also known as the Chelmsford postcode area, is a group of postcode districts in central Essex, England around the towns of Billericay, Braintree, Brentwood, Burnham-on-Crouch, Chelmsford, Dunmow, Epping, Harlow, Ingatestone, Maldon, Ongar, Southminster, Stansted and Witham.
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Cobbins Brook
Cobbins Brook is a minor tributary of the River Lee. It forms at the north of Epping, Essex and flows past Epping Uplands, Waltham Abbey until it joins the River Lee Flood Relief Channel below the M25 near Rammey Marsh.
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Colchester
Colchester () is a historical army town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester in Essex, England.
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Colchester (borough)
Colchester is a local government district and borough in Essex, England, the district is named after its main town, Colchester. The borough covers an area of and stretches from Dedham Vale on the Suffolk border in the north to Mersea Island on the Colne Estuary in the south.
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Corringham, Essex
Corringham is a small English town within the unitary authority of Thurrock and one of the traditional (Church of England) parishes. It is situated in the east of the borough of Thurrock and has over time come to be considered an area within the larger neighbouring town of Stanford-Le-Hope. The parish church originated in the Saxon period. Corringham was formerly served by the Corringham Light Railway which connected the Kynoch munitions factory with the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway.
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Coventry
Coventry ( or ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although Leicester and Nottingham have larger urban areas. The population of Coventry has risen to 309,800 as of 2008.
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Crawley
Crawley () is a town and local government district with Borough status in West Sussex, England. It is south of London, north of Brighton and Hove, and northeast of the county town of Chichester, covers an area of and had a population of 99,744 at the time of the 2001 Census.
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Croxley Green
Croxley Green is a small town and civil parish of approximately 5,000 dwellings and 12,000 residents located between Watford (to the north-east) and Rickmansworth (to the south-west) in Hertfordshire, England. Croxley is about 20 miles north-west of London.
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Danbury, Essex
Danbury is a village in Essex, England. It is located 33.5 miles (54 km) northeast of Charing Cross London and has a population of 6,500. It is perched on a hill 112 metres above sea level.
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Dartford
Dartford is the principal town in the borough of Dartford. It is situated in the northwest corner of Kent, England, 16 miles (25 km) east south-east of central London.
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Derby
Derby ( ), is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands region of England. It lies upon the banks of the River Derwent and is located in the south of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. In the 2001 census, the population of the city was 233,700, whilst that of the Derby Urban Area was 229,407. According to the 2001 census, Derby was at that time the 18th largest settlement in England, measured by urban area.
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Derry
Derry or Londonderry is the second-biggest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-biggest city on the island of Ireland. The name Derry is an Anglicisation of the word Doire or Doire Cholmchille meaning "oak-wood of Colm Cille" , the original name of the city in Irish. In 1613, the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and the "London" prefix was added, changing the name of the city to Londonderry. While the city is more usually known as Derry, Londonderry is also used and remains the legal name.
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Diocese of St Albans
The Diocese of St Albans forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England and is part of the wider Church of England, in turn part of the worldwide Anglican Communion.
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Dorking
Dorking is a historic market town at the foot of the North Downs approximately south of London, in Surrey, England.
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Dovercourt
For the neighbourhood in Toronto see Dovercourt-Wallace Emerson-Junction
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Dundee
Dundee () (from the ) is the fourth-largest city in Scotland; fully named as Dundee City, it is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. It lies on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea.
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Dunstable
Dunstable () is a market town and civil parish located in Bedfordshire, England. It lies on the eastward tail spurs of the Chiltern Hills, 30 miles north of London. These geographical features form several steep chalk escarpments most noticeable when approaching Dunstable from the north.
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Durham
Durham (, locally ) is a city in the North East of England. It is within the County Durham local government district, and is the county town of the larger ceremonial county. It lies to the south of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Chester-le-Street and Sunderland and to the north of Darlington.
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Earley
Earley is a town in Berkshire, United Kingdom with a population of around 30,000 people. It lies to the east of the large town of Reading, and runs directly into it. It is part of Wokingham Borough. In some usages, the name is spelt Erleigh or Erlegh. The town consists of a number of subordinate areas, including Maiden Erlegh and Lower Earley.
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East Grinstead
East Grinstead is a town and civil parish in the northeastern corner of Mid Sussex, West Sussex in England near the East Sussex, Surrey, and Kent borders. It lies south of London, north northeast of Brighton, and east northeast of the county town of Chichester. The civil parish covers an area of 2443.45 hectares (6,035 acres) and had a population of 23,942 persons in the 2001 census. Nearby towns include Crawley to the west, Tunbridge Wells to the east and Redhill and Reigate to the northwest. The town is continuous with the village of Felbridge to the northwest. Until 1974 East Grinstead was the centre for local government - East Grinstead Urban District Council - and was located in the county of East Sussex. East Grinstead, along with Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill, as part of the former Cuckfield Rural District Council, came together as Mid-Sussex; moving to the jurisdiction of West Sussex County Council. The town has many historic buildings and is located on the Greenwich Meridian. It is located in the Weald and Ashdown Forest lies to the south of the town.
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East Malling
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Eastwood, Essex
Eastwood is a town four miles west of Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England. It is a suburb of Southend and part of the Southend-on-Sea unitary district. Eastwood is sometimes called Eastwood Park, such as for local elections.
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Edinburgh
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Ely, Cambridgeshire
Ely ( ) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England. It is 14 miles (23 km) north-northeast of Cambridge.
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England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
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Epping
Epping is a small market town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of the County of Essex, England. It is located north-east of Loughton, south of Harlow and north-west of Brentwood.
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Ewell
Ewell is a village in the borough of Epsom and Ewell in Surrey, close to the southern boundary of Greater London. It is located 14 miles (22.5 km) south-south-west of Charing Cross and forms part of the suburbia that surrounds Greater London. Despite its growing population it is still referred to as a village by locals and largely maintains a rural character. Ewell is at the head of the Hogsmill river, a tributary of the River Thames, and the spring has likely been considered sacred dating back into pre-history.
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Exeter
Exeter () is a historic city in Devon, England. It lies within the ceremonial county of Devon, of which it is the county town as well as the home of the county council. Currently the administrative area has the status of a non-metropolitan district, and is therefore under the administration of the County Council. The city is on the River Exe, about northeast of Plymouth, and southwest of Bristol. According to the 2001 Census, its population in that year was 111,076.
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Farnham
Farnham is a town in Surrey, England, within the Borough of Waverley. The town is situated some 42 miles (67 km) southwest of London in the extreme west of Surrey, adjacent to the border with Hampshire. By road Guildford is 11 miles (17 km) to the east, Aldershot 4 miles (7 km) to the north-east, the village of Runfold 2 miles (3 km) to the north-north-east and Winchester 28 miles (45 km) to the south-west. It is of historic interest, with many old buildings, including a number of Georgian houses. Farnham Castle overlooks the town. A short distance south-east of the town centre are the ruins of Waverley Abbey, Moor Park House and Mother Ludlam's Cave. Farnham is twinned with Andernach in Germany.
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Fleet, Hampshire
Fleet is a town and civil parish in the county of Hampshire, England, located 37 miles (60 km) south west of London. It is part of Hart District. The 2007 population forecast for Fleet was 31,687.
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Ford End
Ford End is a small village in the parish of Great Waltham half way between Chelmsford and Great Dunmow in Essex, England.
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Frinton-on-Sea
Frinton-on-Sea is a small seaside town in the Tendring District of Essex, England. It is part of the Parish of Frinton and Walton.
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Galleywood
Galleywood is a village surrounded by countryside in Essex, about 30 miles from London, and close to the town of Chelmsford. It is off the A12 which connects to the M25 in London. Galleywood has a population of 5,757[http://www.chelmsford.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=11766], and has a higher percentage of retired citizens than the national average.
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Gibraltar
Gibraltar () is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean, overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory itself is a peninsula of whose isthmus connects to the north with Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the area and gives its name to the densely populated town, home to almost 30,000 Gibraltarians.
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Gillingham, Kent
Gillingham () is a town in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It is part of the ceremonial county of Kent. The town includes the settlements of Brompton, Hempstead, Rainham, Rainham Mark and Twydall.
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Glasgow
Glasgow ( (); (pronounced )) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands. A person from Glasgow is known as a Glaswegian, which is also the name of the local dialect.
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Gloucester
Gloucester ( ) is a city, district and county town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Gloucester lies close to the Welsh border, and on the River Severn, approximately north-east of Bristol, and south-southwest of Birmingham.
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Godalming
Godalming () is a town and civil parish in the Waverley district of the county of Surrey, England, south of Guildford. It is built on the banks of the River Wey and is a prosperous part of the London commuter belt. Godalming shares a three-way twinning arrangement with the towns of Joigny in France and Mayen in Germany. Friendship links are in place with the state of Georgia in the United States and the city of Moscow in Russia. James Oglethorpe, of Godalming and educated at Charterhouse School, was the founder of the colony of Georgia.
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Gravesend, Kent
Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. It is the administrative town of the Borough of Gravesham and, because of its geographical position, has always had an important role to play in the history and communications of this part of England. It still retains today a strong link with the river. The opening of the Eurostar railway station at Ebbsfleet, and the fact that it lies with the Thames Gateway, add to the town's importance.
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Grays
Grays (or Grays Thurrock) is the largest town in the borough and unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex and one of the Thurrock's traditional (Church of England) parishes. It is situated approximately 20 miles (32 km) to the east of London on the north bank of the River Thames.
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Great Baddow
Great Baddow is an urban village in the Chelmsford borough of Essex, England. It is close to the county town, Chelmsford, and is one of the largest villages in the Country.
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Great Dunmow
Great Dunmow is a town in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. Originally the site of a Roman settlement on Stane Street, the town thrived during the Middle Ages. Many buildings survive from this period, including a sixteenth century town hall.
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England, United Kingdom. The administrative area was officially created in 1965 and covers the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs (including the City of Westminster). Its area also forms the London region of England and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GDP per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1572 km2 (607 square miles) and had a 2006 mid-year estimated population of 7,512,400. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
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Guildford
Guildford () is the county town of Surrey. England, as well as the seat for the borough of Guildford and the administrative headquarters of the South East England region. It is situated 27 miles (43 km) southwest of London on the A3 trunk road linking the capital to Portsmouth.
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Hadleigh, Essex
Hadleigh is a town in southeast Essex, England, on the A13 between Benfleet and Leigh-on-Sea with a population of about 18,300.
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Halstead
Halstead is a rural town and civil parish located in Braintree District of Essex, England, near Colchester and Sudbury. It has a population of 11,053. The town is situated in the Colne Valley, and originally developed on the hill to the north of the river. The name Halstead is derived from the Old English hald (refuge, shelter, healthy) and stede (site, place or farm), meaning 'healthy farm' 'safe place' or 'place of refuge'.
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Hamilton, Bermuda
Hamilton is the capital of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. It is the territory's financial centre and a major port and tourist destination.
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Harlow
Harlow is a new town and local government district in Essex, England. It is located in the west of the county and on the border with Hertfordshire, on the Stort Valley, The town is near the M11 motorway and forms part of the London commuter belt.The district has a current population of 78,889 (2010 estimate).
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Harpenden
Harpenden is a town in Hertfordshire, England.
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Harwich
Harwich () is a town in Essex, England and one of the Haven ports, located on the coast with the North Sea to the east. It is in the Tendring district. Nearby places include Felixstowe to the northeast, Ipswich to the northwest, Colchester to the southwest and Clacton-on-sea to the south. It is the northmost coastal town within Essex.
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Haywards Heath
Haywards Heath is a town in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. It lies south of London, north of Brighton, south of Gatwick Airport and east northeast of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Burgess Hill to the southwest, Horsham to the northwest, Crawley north northwest and East Grinstead north northeast. Being a commuter town, many of the residents commute daily via rail to London, Crawley or Gatwick for work.
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Hemel Hempstead
Hemel Hempstead is a town in Hertfordshire in the south east of England, to the north west of London. The population at the 2001 Census was 81,143 (but now estimated at around 89,000 by Hertfordshire County Council).
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Hereford
Hereford () is a cathedral city, civil parish and county town of Herefordshire, England. It lies on the River Wye, approximately east of the border with Wales, southwest of Worcester, and northwest of Gloucester. With a population of 55,700 people, it is the largest settlement in the county.
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Hertford
Hertford ( or ) is the county town of Hertfordshire, England, and is also a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of the county. In 2006 East Hertfordshire was ranked within the top 10 places to live in the UK following a survey commissioned by the Channel 4 TV station. Forming a civil parish, the 2001 census put the population of Hertford at about 24,180. Recent estimates are that it is now around 28,000. The name is Anglo Saxon and means the ford frequented by harts or stags.
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire ( or ; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
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Heybridge, Maldon
Heybridge is a civil parish and large village, large enough to be a town in the Maldon district of Essex, England. It is adjacent to Maldon, near the River Blackwater. It is often overshadowed by its historic neighbour, and one could mistakenly think it to be the same town, as the two have merged with one another over the years. It has a population of 7,627.
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High Wycombe
:This is the article about the town in Buckinghamshire, UK. For the article about the suburb of Perth, Western Australia, please see High Wycombe, Western Australia
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Highwood, Essex
Highwood is a village in the Chelmsford District, in the county of Essex. An area of the village is called Loves Green. It is about a mile away from the A414 road and a few miles away from the town centre of Chelmsford. There is also the hamlet of Edney Common nearby.
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Hitchin
Hitchin is a town in Hertfordshire, England with an estimated population of 30,360.
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Hoddesdon
Hoddesdon is a town in the English county of Hertfordshire, situated in the Lea Valley. The town grew up as a coaching stop on the route between Cambridge and London. It is near Cheshunt, and a few miles from Bishop's Stortford. At its height during the eighteenth century, more than 35 coaches a day would pass through the town. It saw a boom in the mid twentieth century as gravel was extracted from the area to be exhausted by the 1970s. The lakes and water pits left behind have been used for local leisure amenities. Today Hoddesdon has a little light industry but is mainly a London commuter belt town. Hoddesdon hosted the eighth Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne in 1951. It is twinned with the Belgian city of Dinant.
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Hogarth Roundabout
The Hogarth Roundabout is one of London's best known road junctions. It is situated at the junction of the A316 Great Chertsey Road and the A4 Great West Road.
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Holland-on-Sea
Holland-on-sea is a seaside town in east Essex in the United Kingdom. Located South of the little village of Great Holland and directly north of Clacton-on-sea, it has bus links to Walton-on-the-Naze and Clacton-on-sea. It is a short coastal walk down the coastline to Clacton.
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Horley
Horley is a town in Surrey, England, situated south of the twin towns of Reigate and Redhill, and north of Gatwick Airport and Crawley.
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Horsham
Horsham is a market town situated on the upper reaches of the River Arun in the centre of the Weald, in the county of West Sussex, England with a population of 55,657 (2008). It lies south southwest from London, northwest from Brighton and northeast from the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Crawley to the northeast and Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill to the southeast. It is the administrative and market centre of Horsham District Councilarea.
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Houghton Regis
Houghton Regis () is a town and civil parish sandwiched between the major towns of Luton to the east and Dunstable to the west. The parish includes the ancient hamlets of Bidwell, Thorn and Sewell. Houghton Regis, along with its near neighbours of Dunstable and Luton form the Luton/Dunstable Urban Area, with a population over 230,000.
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Hylands Park
Hylands House is a Grade II* neo-classical villa situated within Hylands Park a 232-hectare (574 acre) park south-west of Chelmsford in Essex in South EastEngland. It is owned and operated by Chelmsford Borough Council.
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Illinois
Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
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Ingatestone
Ingatestone is a small town in Essex, England, with a population of about 4500 people. To the immediate north lies the village of Fryerning, and the two form the civil parish of Ingatestone and Fryerning.
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Inverness
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Ipswich
Ipswich () (previously Gyppeswick in variant spellings) is a non-metropolitan district and the county town of Suffolk, England. It is located on the estuary of the River Orwell. Nearby towns are Felixstowe in Suffolk and Harwich and Colchester in Essex.
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Kent
Kent (), originally Cantia, is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the River Thames estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull ( usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of ().
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Knaphill
Knaphill is a dispersed urban village in Surrey, UK. To the east is Woking, to the west, eventually, is Aldershot, while to the south and north on the A322 – which forms its effective western border – are Brookwood, and Bisley, respectively.
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Leicester
Leicester (, ) is a city and unitary authority area in the East Midlands area of England. It is also the county town of Leicestershire. The city lies on the River Soar and at the edge of the National Forest. In 2006, the population of the Leicester unitary authority was estimated at 289,700, the largest in the East Midlands, whilst 441,213 people lived in the wider Leicester Urban Area. Eurostat's Larger Urban Zone listed the population of the area at 772,400 people as of 2004. Leicester is the 10th most populous settlement in the United Kingdom using the 2001 census definitions and the urban area is the fifteenth largest conurbation in the UK, the second largest in the region behind the Nottingham Urban Area.
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Leigh-on-Sea
Leigh-on-Sea is a civil parish administered as part of Southend-on-Sea, in Essex, England. In 1996, it became a civil parish, and a town council was created, funded by an increased council tax rate in the area. The parish, which is the only one in Southend, had a population of 20,737 according to the 2001 census.
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Letchworth
Letchworth Garden City, commonly known as Letchworth, is a town and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. The town's name is taken from one of the three villages it surrounded (the other two being Willian and Norton) - all of which featured in the Domesday Book. The land used was first purchased by Quakers who had intended to farm the area and build a Quaker community. They very quickly discovered the soil to be chalky and of poor agricultural value.
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Lincoln, England
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Lisburn
Lisburn () is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fifth-largest on the island of Ireland, though will be over taken by Tallaght when the west Dublin suburb is awarded city status as proposed. It is situated south-west of Belfast on the River Lagan, which lies as the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. Lisburn forms part of the Belfast metropolitan area. It had a population of 71,465 people in the 2001 Census.
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Little Baddow
Little Baddow is a large thriving village to the east of Chelmsford, Essex. The name Baddow comes from an Old English word meaning 'bad water', although this probably refers to the meadow area in Great Baddow as opposed to any water mass in Little Baddow. The village is positioned on one of the many elevated hills in Essex.
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Little Waltham
Little Waltham is a village just north of Chelmsford. It is adjacent to the village of Great Waltham. The Domesday Book refers to the two villages as Waltham consisting of several manors. The site of an Iron Age village was excavated before upgrading the main road north between the current villages.
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Liverpool
Liverpool () is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. Liverpool is the fourth largest city in the United Kingdom (third largest in England) and has a population of 435,500, and lies at the centre of the wider Liverpool Urban Area, which has a population of 816,216.
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Lochmaben
Lochmaben (Gaelic: Loch Mhabain) is a small town in Scotland, and site of a once-important castle. It lies four miles west of Lockerbie, in Dumfries and Galloway.
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London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
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London City Airport
London City Airport is a single-runway STOLport, an airport for use by STOL (Short Take Off and Landing) airliners. It principally serves the financial district of London and is located on a former Docklands site, east of the City of London, opposite the London Regatta Centre, in the London Borough of Newham in east London. It was developed by the engineering company Mowlem in 1986/87. In 2009 London City was the fifth busiest airport in terms of passengers and aircraft movements serving the London area after Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Luton and the 15th busiest in the UK.
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London Docklands
Docklands is the semi-official name for an area in northeast and southeast London, England. It forms part of the boroughs of Southwark, Tower Hamlets, Newham and Greenwich. The docks were formerly part of the Port of London, at one time the world's largest port. They have now been redeveloped principally for commercial and residential use. The name London Docklands was used for the first time in a government report on redevelopment plans in 1971 but has since become virtually universally adopted. It also created conflict between the new and old communities of the London Docklands.
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London Luton Airport
London Luton Airport (previously called Luton International Airport) is an international airport located east of the town centre in the Borough of Luton in Bedfordshire, England and is north of Central London. The airport is from Junction 10a of the M1 motorway. It is the fourth largest airport serving the London area after Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted, and is one of London's five international airports along with London City Airport.
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Loughton
Loughton () is a town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex. It is located between 11 and 13 miles (21 km) north east of Charing Cross in London, south of the M25 and west of the M11 motorway and has boundaries with Chingford, Buckhurst Hill, Theydon Bois, Waltham Abbey, and Chigwell. Loughton includes 3 conservation areas and there are 56 listed buildings in the town, together with a further 50 locally listed.
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Luton
Luton ( or locally ) is a large town and unitary authority of Bedfordshire, England, 30 miles (51 kilometres) north of London. Luton and its near neighbours, Dunstable and Houghton Regis, form the Luton/Dunstable Urban Area with a population of over 240,000.
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Maidenhead
Maidenhead is a town within the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, in Berkshire, England. It lies on the River Thames and is situated west of Charing Cross in London.
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Maidstone
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Maldon, Essex
Maldon (, locally ) is a town on the Blackwater estuary in Essex, England. It is the seat of the Maldon district and starting point of the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation.
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Manchester
Manchester () is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. In 2009, the population of the city was estimated to be 483,800, making it the seventh-most populous local authority district in England. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas; the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester had an estimated population of 2,600,100, the Greater Manchester Urban Area a population of 2,240,230, and the Larger Urban Zone around Manchester, the second-most-populous in the UK, had an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2,539,100. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian.
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Manningtree
Manningtree is a town and civil parish in the Tendring district of Essex, England, which lies on the River Stour. It adjoins built-up areas of Lawford to the west and Mistley to the east and the three parishes together are sometimes referred to as "Manningtree".
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Margaretting
Margaretting is a small village in the Chelmsford District, in the county of Essex. The village is located on the B1002 road about four miles away from the large town of Chelmsford and about two miles away from the small town of Ingatestone. It is near the River Wid. Margaretting has a primary school. For transport there is the B1002 road which it is on, the A414 road and the A12 road (England) nearby, there is also Ingatestone railway station nearby. Nearby settlements include the towns of Chelmsford and Ingatestone and the hamlet of Margaretting Tye. It also has a cricket team.
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Middlesex
Middlesex () is one of the historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. The low-lying county contained the wealthy and politically independent City of London on its southern boundary and was dominated by it from a very early time. The county was significantly affected by the expansion of the metropolitan area of London in both the 18th and 19th centuries; such that from 1855 the south east was administered as part of the metropolis. When county councils were initially introduced in England in 1889 around 20% of the area of Middlesex, and a third of its population, was transferred to the County of London, and the remainder formed a smaller county, in the north west, under the control of Middlesex County Council.
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New Hall School
New Hall is one of the oldest Catholic schools in England. It is located in the former Tudor Palace of Beaulieu in Essex.
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne (locally ) (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Situated on the north bank of the River Tyne, the city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.
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Newport
Newport () is a city and unitary authority area in Wales. Standing on the banks of the River Usk, it is located about east of Cardiff and is the largest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. The City of Newport, which includes rural areas as well as the built up area, is governed by the unitary Newport City Council, and has a population of 140,200, making it the seventh most populous unitary authority in Wales.
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Newry
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Norwich
Norwich ( or ) is a city in England. It is the regional administrative centre and county town of Norfolk. During the 11th century, Norwich was the second largest city in England, after London, and one of the most important places in the kingdom.
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Nottingham
Nottingham () is a city and unitary authority area in the East Midlands region of the United Kingdom. It is located in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, and is one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group. Whilst the City of Nottingham has a historically tightly drawn boundary which accounts for its relatively small population of 288,700, the wider Nottingham Urban Area has a population of 667,000 and is the seventh-largest urban area in the United Kingdom, ranking between those of Liverpool and Sheffield.
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Old Harlow
Old Harlow is the historic part of the new town and district of Harlow, Essex in England.
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Oxford
Oxford () is a city, and the county town of Oxfordshire, in South East England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 151,000 living within the district boundary. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre. For a distance of some along the river, in the vicinity of Oxford, the Thames is known as The Isis.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( or ; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the Midlands region of England, bordering on Warwickshire, Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire and Swindon (to the southwest), Gloucestershire (to the west) and Warwickshire (to the north).
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Palace of Beaulieu
The Palace of Beaulieu also known as New Hall was located in Essex, England, north of Chelmsford.
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Perth, Scotland
Perth () is a town and former city and royal burgh in central Scotland. Sitting on the banks of the River Tay, it is the administrative centre of Perth and Kinross council area and the historic county town of Perthshire. According to an estimate taken in 2008, Perth has a population of 44,820.
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Peterborough
Peterborough ( or ) is a cathedral city and unitary authority area in the East of England, with an estimated population of as of June 2007. For ceremonial purposes it is in the county of Cambridgeshire. The Town Hall is north of Charing Cross, London. The city stands athwart the River Nene, which flows into the North Sea approximately to the north-east, and the East Coast Main Line railway.
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Pitsea
Pitsea jun School is a small school in the east of the Basildon district of south Essex, England. Many of the residents from these surrounding areas use facilities in Pitsea, such as the local market, schools, and the largest Tesco Extra store in the country.
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Pleshey
The village of Pleshey lies in Essex, England, just to the northwest of Chelmsford.
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Plymouth
Plymouth () is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England, about south-west of London. It is built between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967 the City of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock, which are on the east side of the River Plym.
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Portsmouth
Portsmouth () is a city located in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Portsmouth is the United Kingdom's only island city, being mainly located on Portsea Island. The City of Portsmouth and Portsmouth Football Club are both nicknamed Pompey. As a significant naval port for centuries, Portsmouth is home to the world's oldest dry dock still in use and also home to some famous ships, including HMS Warrior and Lord Nelson's flagship HMS Victory. Although smaller than in its heyday, the naval base remains a major dockyard and base for the Royal Navy and Royal Marine Commandos whose Headquarters resides there. There is also a thriving commercial ferryport serving destinations on the continent for freight and passenger traffic. The nickname Pompey is thought to have derived from shipping entering Portsmouth harbour making an entry in their logs as Pom. P. in reference to Portsmouth Point. Navigational charts also use this abbreviation.
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Potters Bar
Potters Bar is a town in the Hertsmere borough of Hertfordshire, England, located north of central London. In 2001 it had a population of 21,618.
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Prittle Brook
The Prittle Brook is a brook in Essex, England, which rises from a spring in Pound Wood, Thundersley Common. It flows eastwards through Belfairs, into Leigh-on-Sea and Prittlewell, past Southend University Hospital and eventually enters the River Roach after flowing through Southend-on-Sea.
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Rayleigh, Essex
Rayleigh () is a market town and civil parish in the District of Rochford in Essex, England, located between Chelmsford and Southend-on-Sea. It lies to the east of central London. It has a population of 30,196, having expanded rapidly in the 1960s.
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Reading, Berkshire
Reading ( ) is the largest town in England, located at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway, some west of London. For ceremonial purposes it is in the Royal County of Berkshire and has served as the county town since 1867.
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Redhill, Surrey
Redhill is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead, Surrey, England and is part of the London commuter belt. Redhill and the adjacent town of Reigate form a single urban area.
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Reigate
Reigate () is a historic market town in Surrey, England at the foot of the North Downs, and in the London commuter belt. It is one of the main constituents of the Borough of Reigate and Banstead. Reigate and the adjacent town of Redhill form a single urban area.
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Rettendon
Rettendon is a small village in Essex, England about 8 miles to the south east of the county town Chelmsford, and approximately 3 miles roughly north of the nearby towns of Wickford and South Woodham Ferrers. It is situated near the River Crouch and borders the villages of Battlesbridge, South, West and East Hanningfield, Howe Green and Rettendon Common. The village was once owned by the Bishop of Ely, Cambridge, UK.
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Rickmansworth
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Ripon
Ripon is a cathedral city, market town and successor parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located at the confluence of two streams of the River Ure in the form of the Laver and Skell. The city is noted for its main feature the Ripon Cathedral which is architecturally significant, as well as the Ripon Racecourse and other features such as its market. The city itself is just over 1,300 years old. It is one of only two cities in North Yorkshire, the other being York.
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River Chelmer
The River Chelmer is a river that flows entirely through the county of Essex, England.
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River Ching
The River Ching originates in Epping Forest, and runs to the River Lee, but not before being severely polluted in its lower reaches. It is dammed twice, the first time to form Connaught Water, in the parishes of Loughton and Waltham Abbey, and again at Highams Park. The river runs through Chingford, however the name of the river is in fact a back-formation from the name of that area, rather than the town being named after the river.
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River Colne, Essex
The River Colne is a small river that runs through Colchester, England. It is not a tributary of any other river, instead having an estuary that joins the sea near Brightlingsea.
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River Roach
The River Roach is a river that flows entirely through the English county of Essex. It flows through the town of Rochford and joins the River Crouch at Wallasea Island.
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River Roding
The River Roding is a river in England that rises near Dunmow, flows through Essex and forms Barking Creek as it reaches the River Thames in London.
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River Stort
River Stort is a tributary of the River Lee which it joins at Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire at Feildes Weir
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River Stour, Suffolk
The River Stour ( or stu-er) is a river in East Anglia, England. It is 76 km (47 mi) long and forms most of the county boundary between Suffolk to the north, and Essex to the south. It rises in eastern Cambridgeshire, passes to the east of Haverhill, through Cavendish, Sudbury and the Dedham Vale, and joins the North Sea at Harwich. The name Stour derives from the Celtic sturr meaning "strong".
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River Ter
The River Ter is a river in Essex, England that houses various aquatic creatures, such as the marsh heron famous for its large red bill. The river rises in Terling and joins the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation at near Rushes Lock. A small part of it, near Great Leighs has been a Site of Special Scientific Interest since 1994.
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Rochester, Kent
Rochester is a town and former city in Kent, England. It is located within the unitary authority area of Medway and is at the lowest bridging point of the River Medway about from London. The town is known for its cathedral and castle, and for an epic siege in 1215. Rochester, together with neighbouring Chatham, Gillingham, Strood and a number of outlying villages makes up the Medway unitary authority area.
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Rochford
Rochford is a small town in the Rochford district of Essex in the East of England. It is sited about 43 miles (69.2 km) from Central London and approximately 21 miles (33.8 km) from the Essex county town, Chelmsford. According to the 2001 census the civil parish of Rochford, which includes the town proper, Stroud Green, and London Southend Airport, had a population of 7,610.
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Saffron Walden
Saffron Walden is a medium-sized market town in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. It is located north of Bishop's Stortford, south of Cambridge and approx north of London. The town retains a rural appearance and many very old buildings dating from the medieval period onwards In 2001 the parish had a population of 15,095 although this has increased marginally since then.
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Salisbury
Salisbury ( , or locally ) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England. It has also been called New Sarum to distinguish it from the original site of settlement to the north of the city at Old Sarum, but this alternative name is not in common use.
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Sandhurst, Berkshire
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Sandon, Essex
Sandon is a small village just off junction 17 of the A12 in Essex, adjacent to Great Baddow and close to Danbury. It was known for an ancient oak tree covering most of the village green. This rare Spanish oak was planted in 1888 to mark Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee, and was removed for safety reasons in 2000 after collapsing due to long-standing fungal infection (this oak tree was used by a local artist for many of his paintings, and is still represented on the village sign, after a brief interruption while the sign was repaired after vandalism). Three new oak trees were planted on the village green to continue its legacy and mark Queen Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee.
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Sevenoaks
Sevenoaks is a Kentish Commuter Town situated on the London fringe of west Kent, England, some 20 miles (31.2 km) south-east of Charing Cross, on one of the principal commuter rail lines from the capital. The town gives its name to the Sevenoaks district, of which it is the principal town, followed by Swanley and Edenbridge.
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Sheffield
Sheffield () is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is () and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
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Shepperton
Shepperton is a town in the borough of Spelthorne, Surrey, England. To the South it is bounded by the river Thames at Desborough Island and is bisected by the M3 motorway. It is equidistant between the north Surrey towns of Chertsey to the west and Sunbury-on-Thames to the east.
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Shoeburyness
Shoeburyness is a town in southeast Essex, England, situated at the mouth of the river Thames. It is within the borough of Southend-on-Sea, and is situated at the far east of the borough, around east of Southend town centre. It was an urban district of Essex from 1894 to 1933, when it became part of the county borough of Southend-on-Sea.
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Sittingbourne
Sittingbourne is an industrial town about eight miles (12.9 km) east of Gillingham in England, beside the Roman Watling Street off a creek in the Swale, a channel separating the Isle of Sheppey from mainland Kent. The town is growing rapidly due to a number of large residential developments, and its train line links to London Victoria, the journey taking about an hour from Sittingbourne railway station.
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Slough
Slough () is a borough and unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. The town stands athwart the Great West Road and the Great Western Main Line, west of central London. At the 2001 census, the population of Slough was 119,070 (est. 122,000 in 2006) and the borough area was the most ethnically diverse local authority area outside London in the United Kingdom. Slough has the highest proportion of religious adherents in England.
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Snodland
Snodland is a small town in the county of Kent, England, located on the River Medway between Rochester and Maidstone. It has a population of about 12,000 people.
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South Benfleet
South Benfleet is a town in the Castle Point district of Essex, 30 miles east of London. The Benfleet post town includes South Benfleet, Thundersley and Hadleigh. The Battle of Benfleet took place here between the Vikings and Saxons in 894.
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South Hanningfield
South Hanningfield is a small village and civil parish in south Essex, England. It is located approximately 10 km (6 miles) south-southeast of the county town of Chelmsford, and approximately 5 km (3 mile north-northeast of Wickford. The village is in the borough of Chelmsford and in the parliamentary constituency of Rayleigh.
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Southampton
Southampton () is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated south-west of London and north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The local authority is Southampton City Council, which is a unitary authority.
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Southborough, Kent
Southborough civil parish, with the title of town in the District of Tunbridge Wells, in Kent, England. It lies immediately to the north of Tunbridge Wells itself, with the A26 London road passing through it. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 11,124. The town is within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
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Southend
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Southend Airport
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Southend on Sea
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Southend Pier
Southend Pier is a major landmark in Southend-on-Sea. Extending into the Thames Estuary, it is the longest pleasure pier in the world. Sir John Betjeman once said that "the Pier is Southend, Southend is the Pier". The pier is a Grade II listed building.
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Southend Urban Area
The Southend Urban Area is the informal name for the urban area surrounding Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England. The ONS defines the Southend Urban Area as having a population of 269,400, making it the largest urban area within the East of England; and also meaning that its population has grown nearly 1% from the 1991 figure of 266,749 .
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Southend-on-Sea
Southend-on-Sea () is a unitary authority area, town, and seaside resort in Essex, England. The district has Borough status, and comprises the towns of Chalkwell, Eastwood, Leigh-on-Sea, Prittlewell, Shoeburyness, Southchurch, Thorpe Bay, and Westcliff-on-Sea. The district is situated within the Thames Gateway on the north side of the Thames estuary 40 miles (64 km) east of central London. It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point.
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Southminster
Southminster is a town on the Dengie peninsula in the Maldon district of Essex in the East of England. It lies about three miles north of Burnham-on-Crouch and ten miles south-east of Maldon. To the north is the River Blackwater, which is tidal and since Roman times has been the gateway to trading in the area. Saint Lawrence Bay, which is part of the Southminster area, can be accessed by road.
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Springfield, Essex
Springfield is a civil parish situated in the Borough of Chelmsford in Essex, England.
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St Albans
St Albans () is a city in southern Hertfordshire, England, around north of central London, which forms the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans. St Albans has two official demonyms: Verulamian and Old Albanian. St Albans was a settlement of pre-Roman origin named Verlamion by the Ancient British, Catuvellauni tribe. It became the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the Roman city of Verulamium.
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St Peters College
St. Peters College is a Church of England Voluntary Aided School in Chelmsford, Essex. The school is a specialist arts college.
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St. Philip's Priory
'''St. Philip's Priory''' situated on New London Road in Chelmsford, Essex, UK is a Premonstratensian priory of canons regular. It is dedicated to Our Lady Queen of Martyrs and St. Philip Benizi.
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Stanford-le-Hope
Stanford-le-Hope is a town and Church of England parish situated in the county of Essex, England. The town is within the unitary authority of Thurrock and located 23.8 miles (38.4 km) east of Charing Cross in London. Its principal claim to fame is that Joseph Conrad lived and wrote there.
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Stanmore
Stanmore is an area of northwest London, UK, part of the London Borough of Harrow. It is a suburban development situated northwest of Charing Cross. The area is home to Stanmore Hill, one of the highest points of London, high.
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Stanwell
:This article is about the village in Surrey. For the school in Penarth, Vale of Glamorgan, see Stanwell School.
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Stevenage
Stevenage is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England. It is situated to the east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1(M), and is between Letchworth Garden City to the north, and Welwyn Garden City to the south.
http://wn.com/Stevenage -
Stirling
Stirling (Gaelic: Sruighlea , Scots: Stirlin) is a city and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling council area. The city is clustered around a large fortress and medieval old-town beside the River Forth. Historically it was strategically important as the "Gateway to the Highlands", with its position near the boundary between the Scottish Lowlands and Highlands, and its crossing of the Forth, the nearest to the river mouth.
http://wn.com/Stirling -
Stock, Essex
Stock is a village and civil parish in south Essex, England. It is located approximately south of the county town of Chelmsford. The village is in the borough of Chelmsford and in the parliamentary constituency of West Chelmsford.
http://wn.com/Stock_Essex -
Strood
Strood is a town in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It is part of the ceremonial county of Kent. It lies on the north west bank of the River Medway at its lowest bridging point, and is part of the Rochester post town.
http://wn.com/Strood -
Sunbury-on-Thames
Sunbury-on-Thames, also known as Sunbury, is a town in the Surrey borough of Spelthorne, England, and part of the London commuter belt. It is located 16 miles (25 km) southwest of central London and bordered by Feltham and Hampton, flanked on the south by the River Thames.
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Surrey
Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, Buckinghamshire and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965.
http://wn.com/Surrey -
Swanley
Swanley is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located on the south-eastern outskirts of London, north of Sevenoaks town. The town boundaries encompass the settlements of Swanley itself, Hextable (Hextable recently voted to become an independent parish council) and Swanley Village. Swanley has a population of 20,986
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Swansea
Swansea ( , , "mouth of the Tawe") is a coastal city and county in Wales, United Kingdom. Swansea is in the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan. Situated on the sandy South West Wales coast, the county area includes the Gower Peninsula and the Lliw uplands. Swansea is the second most populous city in Wales after Cardiff and the third most populous county in Wales after Cardiff and Rhondda Cynon Taf. During its 19th century industrial heyday, Swansea was one of the key centres of the world copper industry, earning the nickname 'Copperopolis'.
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Tendring
Tendring is a local government district in North East Essex, England. It extends from the River Stour in the north, to the coast and the River Colne in the south, with the coast to the East and the town of Colchester to the west. Its council is based in Clacton-on-Sea. Towns in the district include Frinton-on-Sea, Walton-on-the-Naze, Brightlingsea and Harwich. Large villages in the district include St Osyth and Great Bentley.
http://wn.com/Tendring -
The Rodings
http://wn.com/The_Rodings -
Thurrock
Thurrock is a unitary authority with borough status in the English ceremonial county of Essex. It is part of the London commuter belt and an area of regeneration within the Thames Gateway redevelopment zone.
http://wn.com/Thurrock -
Tilbury
Tilbury is a town in the borough of Thurrock, Essex, England. As a settlement it is of relatively recent existence, although it has important historical connections, being the location of a 16th century fort and an ancient cross-river ferry. It is also the location of a modern deep-water port.
http://wn.com/Tilbury -
Tonbridge
Tonbridge (pronunciation and historic spelling Tunbridge) is a market town in the English county of Kent, with a population of 30,340 in 2007. It is located on the River Medway, approximately 4 miles north of Tunbridge Wells, 12 miles south west of Maidstone and 29 miles south east of London. It belongs to the administrative borough of Tonbridge and Malling (population 107,560 in 2001).
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Tring
Tring is a small market town and also a civil parish in the Chiltern Hills in Hertfordshire, England. Situated north-west of London and linked to London by the old Roman road of Akeman Street, by the modern A41, by the Grand Union Canal and by rail lines to Euston Station, Tring is now largely a commuter town in the London commuter belt.
http://wn.com/Tring -
Truro
Truro (; ) is a city and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, and is the centre for administration, leisure and retail in Cornwall, with a population of 17,431. Truro urban statistical area, which includes parts of surrounding parishes, has a population of 20,920. It is the only city in the county, and the most southerly city in Great Britain. People from Truro are known as Truronians.
http://wn.com/Truro -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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Uttlesford
Uttlesford is a local government district in Essex, England. Its council is based in Saffron Walden.
http://wn.com/Uttlesford -
Waltham Abbey, Essex
Waltham Abbey is a market town of about 20,400 people in the south west of the county of Essex, in the East of England region. It is about 24 km north of London on the Greenwich Meridian and lies between the River Lea in the west and Epping Forest in the east. It takes its name from The Abbey Church of Waltham Holy Cross, which was prominent in the early history of the town. The ancient parish covering Waltham Abbey was known as Waltham Holy Cross.
http://wn.com/Waltham_Abbey_Essex -
Walton-on-the-Naze
Walton-on-the-Naze is a small town in Essex, England, on the North Sea coast in the Tendring district. It is north of Clacton and south of the port of Harwich. It abuts Frinton-on-Sea to the south, and is part of the parish of Frinton and Walton. It is a resort town, with a permanent population of about 6,000. It attracts many visitors, the Naze being the main attraction. There is also a pier.
http://wn.com/Walton-on-the-Naze -
Ware, Hertfordshire
Ware is a town of around 18,000 people in Hertfordshire, England close to the county town of Hertford. It is also a civil parish in East Hertfordshire district. The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Ware.
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Watford
Watford () is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, situated northwest of central London and within the bounds of the M25 motorway. The borough is separated from Greater London to the south by the urbanised parish of Watford Rural in the Three Rivers District.
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Wells
Wells is a small cathedral city and civil parish in the Mendip district of Somerset, England, on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills. Although the population, recorded in the 2001 census, is only 10,406, it has had city status since 1205. It is the second-smallest city in England, following the City of London, though St David's in Wales is the smallest city in the UK.
http://wn.com/Wells -
Welwyn Garden City
Welwyn Garden City () is a town within the Welwyn Hatfield borough of Hertfordshire, England. It is located approximately from Kings Cross and approximately from the London Borough of Barnet and the London Borough of Enfield. Welwyn Garden City was the second garden city in England (founded 1920) and one of the first new towns (designated 1948).
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West Thurrock
West Thurrock is a traditional Church of England parish in Thurrock, Essex, England, located 17.5 miles (28.1 km) east south-east of Charing Cross, London.
http://wn.com/West_Thurrock -
Westminster Abbey
http://wn.com/Westminster_Abbey -
Wickford
Wickford is a town in the south of the English county of Essex, with a population of more than 32,500. Located approximately 30 miles (50 km) east of London, it falls within the District of Basildon along with Basildon, Billericay, Laindon and Pitsea.
http://wn.com/Wickford -
Widford, Essex
http://wn.com/Widford_Essex -
Windsor, Berkshire
Windsor () is a suburban town in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. It is widely known as the site of Windsor Castle.
http://wn.com/Windsor_Berkshire -
Witham
http://wn.com/Witham -
Wivenhoe
Wivenhoe is a town in north eastern Essex, England, approximately 3 miles south east of Colchester. Historically Wivenhoe village, on the banks of the River Colne, and Wivenhoe Cross, on the higher ground to the north, were two separate settlements but with considerable development in the 19th century the two have merged.
http://wn.com/Wivenhoe -
Woking
Woking is a large town and civil parish that shares its name with the surrounding local government district, located in the west of Surrey, England. It is part of the London commuter belt and Greater London Urban Area, located south west of Charing Cross in central London. Woking town itself, excluding the surrounding district, has a population of 62,796, and the civil parish, which covers part of the urban area inclusive of Sheerwater and Knaphill, has a population of 30,403. This population is different from the local government district (the borough of Woking), which has an approximate population of 92,400 (mid 2009 estimate).
http://wn.com/Woking -
Wokingham
Wokingham is a small market town and civil parish in Berkshire in South East England approximately 33 miles (53 km) west of London. It is east-southeast of Reading and west of Bracknell. It spans an area of and, according to the 2001 census, has a population of 30,403. It is the seat of the Wokingham local government district.
http://wn.com/Wokingham -
Wolverhampton
Wolverhampton () is a city and metropolitan borough in the Black Country area of the West Midlands, England. In 2004, the local government district had an estimated population of 239,100; the wider Urban Area had a population of 251,462, which makes it the 13th most populous city in England.
http://wn.com/Wolverhampton -
Worcester
Worcester (, ), pronounced locally and in most parts of England as , is a city and county town of Worcestershire in the West Midlands of England. Worcester is situated some 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Birmingham and 29 miles (47 km) north of Gloucester, and has an approximate population of 94,000 people. The River Severn runs through the middle of the city, overlooked by the twelfth-century Worcester Cathedral.
http://wn.com/Worcester -
Writtle
The village of Writtle lies in Essex, England, two miles west of Chelmsford.
http://wn.com/Writtle -
Writtle College
Writtle College (near Chelmsford, Essex) is one of the largest land-based university colleges in the UK; it is also one of the oldest. Writtle, previously known as Writtle Agricultural College, is a Partner Institution of the University of Essex and teaches FE and HE programmes.
http://wn.com/Writtle_College -
York
York () is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence.
http://wn.com/York
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Alex Dowsett
Alex Dowsett (born 3 October 1988) is an English racing cyclist who currently rides for the American Trek-LiveStrong team. He previously rode as a member of the British Olympic Academy development team. In 2008 and 2009 he won the under 23 British National Time Trial Championships. In 2010 he won the under 23 European Time Trial Championships and gained a silver medal at the Commonwealth games. He lives with haemophilia.
http://wn.com/Alex_Dowsett -
Anne Knight
Anne Knight 1786 - 1862 was a social reformer noted as a pioneer of feminism.
http://wn.com/Anne_Knight -
Euclid
http://wn.com/Euclid -
Farnham
Farnham is a town in Surrey, England, within the Borough of Waverley. The town is situated some 42 miles (67 km) southwest of London in the extreme west of Surrey, adjacent to the border with Hampshire. By road Guildford is 11 miles (17 km) to the east, Aldershot 4 miles (7 km) to the north-east, the village of Runfold 2 miles (3 km) to the north-north-east and Winchester 28 miles (45 km) to the south-west. It is of historic interest, with many old buildings, including a number of Georgian houses. Farnham Castle overlooks the town. A short distance south-east of the town centre are the ruins of Waverley Abbey, Moor Park House and Mother Ludlam's Cave. Farnham is twinned with Andernach in Germany.
http://wn.com/Farnham -
G. W. S. Barrow
__NOTOC__
http://wn.com/G_W_S_Barrow -
George Clift King
George Clift King (April 23, 1848 – July 18, 1935) was the second mayor of the town of Calgary, Alberta.
http://wn.com/George_Clift_King -
Grayson Perry
Grayson Perry (born 1960) is an English artist, known mainly for his ceramic vases and cross-dressing. He works in several media. Perry's vases have classical forms and are decorated in bright colours, depicting subjects at odds with their attractive appearance, e.g., child abuse and sado-masochism. There is a strong autobiographical element in his work, in which images of Perry as "Claire", his female alter-ego, often appear. He was awarded the Turner Prize in 2003 for his ceramics, receiving the prize dressed as Claire. He lives in London and Sussex with his wife, the author and psychotherapist, Philippa Perry and their daughter Flo, born in 1992.
http://wn.com/Grayson_Perry -
Greg Halford
Gregory "Greg" Halford (born 8 December 1984) is an English footballer currently for Premier League side Wolverhampton Wanderers.
http://wn.com/Greg_Halford -
Guglielmo Marconi
http://wn.com/Guglielmo_Marconi -
Guthrie Govan
http://wn.com/Guthrie_Govan -
Harry Judd
Harry Mark Christopher Judd (born 23 December 1985 in Essex, England) is an English musician who is best known as the drummer for British pop rock band McFly, along with fellow band members Tom Fletcher, Dougie Poynter and Danny Jones. McFly rose to fame after fellow boyband Busted helped launch them by inviting them on tour in March 2004. Judd has co-written several of McFly's songs, and plays the trumpet and piano as well as drums.
http://wn.com/Harry_Judd -
Joe Thomas (actor)
Joseph "Joe" Thomas (born 28 October 1983) is an English actor who stars in the E4's comedy The Inbetweeners as Simon Cooper.
http://wn.com/Joe_Thomas_(actor) -
John Payne (martyr)
http://wn.com/John_Payne_(martyr) -
Liam Chilvers
Liam Christopher Chilvers (born 6 November 1981) is an English footballer who plays for Notts County as a defender.
http://wn.com/Liam_Chilvers -
Malcolm O'Kelly
'''Malcolm O'Kelly''' (born 19 July 1974 in Chelmsford, England) is a retired Irish rugby union player who played as a lock for Ireland and Leinster.
http://wn.com/Malcolm_O'Kelly -
Mary I of England
Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was Queen regnant of England and Queen regnant of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death. She was the eldest daughter of Henry VIII and only surviving child of Catherine of Aragon. As the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, she is remembered for restoring England to Roman Catholicism after succeeding her short-lived half brother, Edward VI, to the English throne. In the process, she had almost 300 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian Persecutions, earning her the sobriquet of "Bloody Mary". Her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her successor and half-sister, Elizabeth I.
http://wn.com/Mary_I_of_England -
Matthew Hopkins
http://wn.com/Matthew_Hopkins -
Mike Edmonds
Mike Edmonds (born 1944) is a British actor with dwarfism, well-known for his role as Little Ron in the children's television show Maid Marian and Her Merry Men.
http://wn.com/Mike_Edmonds -
Najma Akhtar
Najma Akhtar born in the UK, also known as Najma, is an English singer of South Asian ancestry. She was born in Chelmsford, England.
http://wn.com/Najma_Akhtar -
Nellie Melba
Dame Nellie Melba GBE (19 May 186123 February 1931), born Helen Porter Mitchell, was an Australian opera soprano. She became one of the most famous singers of the late Victorian Era and the early 20th century due to the purity of her lyrical voice and the brilliance of her technique. Melba was the first Australian to achieve international recognition as a classical musician. She and May Whitty were the first stage performers to be granted damehoods of the Order of the British Empire.
http://wn.com/Nellie_Melba -
Nick Clegg
Nicholas William Peter "Nick" Clegg (born 7 January 1967) is a British Liberal Democrat politician who is the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Lord President of the Council and Minister for Constitutional and Political Reform in the coalition government of Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron. Clegg is the Leader of the Liberal Democrats and is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sheffield Hallam.
http://wn.com/Nick_Clegg -
Nigel Spink
Nigel Philip Spink (born 8 August 1958) is a former football goalkeeper who made his name at Aston Villa and also made one appearance for England at international level on the tour of Australia in 1983.
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Philemon Holland
http://wn.com/Philemon_Holland -
Queen Elizabeth II
http://wn.com/Queen_Elizabeth_II -
R. E. B. Crompton
Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton (31 May 1845 - 15 February 1940) was a British electrical engineer, industrialist and inventor. He was a pioneer of electric lighting and public electricity supply systems. The company he formed, Crompton & Co., was one of the world's first large-scale manufactures of electrical equipment. He was also an early campaigner for an international standard for electrical systems. He was involved with both the practical and academic sides of his discipline, being a founder member of the International Electrotechnical Commission and twice president of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. He was a member of the Royal Society and a founder member of the Royal Automobile Club.
http://wn.com/R_E_B_Crompton -
Robert I of Scotland
http://wn.com/Robert_I_of_Scotland -
Robert the Bruce
http://wn.com/Robert_the_Bruce -
Ronald Skirth
http://wn.com/Ronald_Skirth -
Sarah Cracknell
Sarah Cracknell (born 12 April 1967, Chelmsford, Essex) is an English pop singer who fronts the band Saint Etienne and is known for her light, smooth singing voice. She is the daughter of Stanley Kubrick's first assistant director Derek Cracknell.
http://wn.com/Sarah_Cracknell -
Simon Burns
Simon Hugh McGuigan Burns (born 6 September 1952, Nottingham) is a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. He has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Chelmsford since the 1987 general election. In May 2010 he was appointed Minister of State for the Department of Health.
http://wn.com/Simon_Burns
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Chelmsford town centre 1963 UK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Chelmsford segment of an 8mm home movie called "Chelmsford and London in 1963". Intended for my friends around the world who were working for the Marconi Company in Chelmsford at that time, this clip shows how the centre of Chelmsford looked on a typical weekday in 1963. Today the area is more modern and mostly pedestrianized.
http://wn.com/Chelmsford_town_centre_1963_UK
UFO Sighting | Chelmsford, England | June 6, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
UFO | OVNI | НЛО | Chelmsford, England | June 6, 2012 | 06.06.2012 | 06/06/2012 | © xxxdonutzxxx - all rights reserved
http://wn.com/UFO_Sighting_|_Chelmsford,_England_|_June_6,_2012
Chelmsford and Me
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
AS Level Media Coursework from Great Baddow High School. Directed by Kirsten Priddle, with Jade Caton, Laura Lucking and Nathen Sears
http://wn.com/Chelmsford_and_Me
Meadowlands Irish Gypsy Eviction Chelmsford 2004
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:30
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Camera by TLJ The "battle of Meadowlands" For more info see: news.bbc.co.uk
http://wn.com/Meadowlands_Irish_Gypsy_Eviction_Chelmsford_2004
Chelmsford
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Short film from Beresfords Estate Agents showing a brief overview of Chelmsford, Essex and what the area has to offer.
http://wn.com/Chelmsford
Chelmsford
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:55
- Updated: 23 Aug 2012
Chelmsford Town Centre!
http://wn.com/Chelmsford
Her Majesty The Queen visits Chelmsford 1988
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:09
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
One hundred years after her great, great grandmother, Queen Victoria granted its Royal Charter, Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II, came to town to celebrate its centenary as a Borough. The Cathedral bells pealed, crowds up to dozen deep on the pavements cheered, applauded and waved as the Royal Car, bearing the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, moved slowly through the gaily decorated streets to the Cathedral where they attended a Service of Thanksgiving. A great cheer went up as Her Majesty, in a cream coloured light coat, and Royal blue hat with cream trim, was greeted by the Mayor of Chelmsford, Cllr Philip Firth, and Mayoress, Mrs Irene Firth. Also in the welcoming party were Chelmsford Council's Chief Executive, Michael Hartley, and his wife Audrey, and the town's MP Simon Burns,and his wife Emma. Escorted by the Mayor, the Queen and Prince Philip walked through the Cathedral grounds, lined with 600 children from primary and special schools and playgroups, from every corner of the borough. Presented en route were the Deputy Mayor, Cllr Wilfred Davey his wife Norma, Deputy Mayoress ; the Leader of the Council, Cllr Keith Andrew and his wife Maureen and the Leader of the Conservative group, Cllr Christopher Kingsley and his wife Marian. Waiting near the West Door were two Chelmsford centenarians, Mrs Cicely Bainbridge, 103, and Mrs Ethel Warner, 104. At the West Door, the Bishop of Chelmsford, the Right Rev John Waine, and the Provost, the Very Rev John Moses, were ...
http://wn.com/Her_Majesty_The_Queen_visits_Chelmsford_1988
Youths Arrested In Chelmsford, Essex (Melbourne Park) [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
4 Youths were taken away in both of the Ford Focuses. I think the other 2 were taken to a van. The BB gun was put into the boot of one of the Focuses. They were sitting in the middle of a playing field with the Essex police helicopter hovering above when I got there, with officers talking to them.
http://wn.com/Youths_Arrested_In_Chelmsford,_Essex_Melbourne_Park_HD_
Battle of Britain 70th Anniversary Chelmsford 1/3 MVI_0143
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:20
- Updated: 24 Jul 2012
ROYAL Air Force, Fleet Air Arm and Parachute Regiment veterans paraded through the streets of Chelmsford on Sunday, September 19, 2010 to mark the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Britain. Only a handful of actual RAF veterans of the battle, the last of the few, were able to attend. Chelmsford branch of the RAFA organised the parade which concluded with a wreath being laid during a commemorative service at Chelmsford Cathedral. Essex skies were second only to those of Kent in the amount of airto-air combat they saw in the summer of 1940. The colourful parade began in Market Road before marching along Victoria Road and Duke Street past the front of the Shire Hall, where the Lord Lieutenant of Essex, Lord Petre, took the salute from its steps. He was flanked by Air Commodore Robert McAlpine, representing the Chief of the Air Staff; the Mayor of Chelmsford, Cllr Alan Arnott; Chairman of Essex County Council, Rodney Bass and the High Sheriff of Essex, Michael Hindmarch. King Edward VI Grammar School Corps of Drums in the scarlet uniforms of the old Essex Regiment led the parade. Six branches of the RAFA and eight other ex-service associations marched behind. Lord Petre said: "We commemorate the Battle of Britain every year but this year is the 70th anniversary so it is a very special event. "It is very good to keep these things in mind if only to ensure that they do not happen again." Parade organiser John Candler, 74, recalled his own memories of the war and said the parade ...
http://wn.com/Battle_of_Britain_70th_Anniversary_Chelmsford_1_3_MVI_0143
Essex Chelmsford A12 Drive And A132
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:25
- Updated: 31 May 2012
Chelmsford A12 Driving
http://wn.com/Essex_Chelmsford_A12_Drive_And_A132
Great Eastern Mainline around Chelmsford
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:55
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
Trains passing The Chelmsford Area During the summer months of 2011, finishing in mid October, the field at the start of the video is on a Public Footpath just to the South West of Hatfield Peverel Station. The other station is Ingatestone
http://wn.com/Great_Eastern_Mainline_around_Chelmsford
Wet Walls -Flooded Basement Cleanup, Westford, Chelmsford Concord Wayland Sudbury MA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Wet Walls mold Cleanup. Flooded basement walls wet from water damage. How to test wet walls for water damage, find hidden moisture and hidden mold. Damp basement walls need to be removed after a flood has occurred and wicking has taken place to prevent the need for mold removal later. AAA Flood Drying has been drying out damp homes for 20 years For service Please Call: 978-392-1895 or www.aaaflooddrying.com
http://wn.com/Wet_Walls_-Flooded_Basement_Cleanup,_Westford,_Chelmsford_Concord_Wayland_Sudbury_MA
Doctor Who appearance in the sitcom Chelmsford 123
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:46
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
Chelmsford 123 was a mediocre 80s sitcom set in the English town of Chelmsford in AD 123. However, the first episode - "Arrivederci Roma" - did feature this appearance by a certain Time Lord and his TARDIS...
http://wn.com/Doctor_Who_appearance_in_the_sitcom_Chelmsford_123
chelmsford chieftains vs cardiff devils brawl FULL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 23 May 2012
chelmsford chieftains vs cardiff devils brawl on the 19/02/2011 in the english national league division 1 south. www.derekphotography.co.uk
http://wn.com/chelmsford_chieftains_vs_cardiff_devils_brawl_FULL
CSX & Guilford Trains in Chelmsford, MA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Updated: 16 Apr 2012
Filmed at the School St. Railroad Crossing in Chelmsford, MA. Notice the odd ditch light pattern on the leading CSX SD70. The CSX POSE train comes west with CSX SD70ACe #4844, CSX CW44AC #563, and a long box car manifest. Shown second, the Pan AM (formerly Guilford) AY-4 comes east with MEC GP40 #313 in Guilford paint & 7 mixed cars. Video by TNT Productions www.TNTproductions.tk
http://wn.com/CSX_Guilford_Trains_in_Chelmsford,_MA
AFC Wimbledon 3-1 Chelmsford City FC, 31/01/2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:02
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
Highlights of AFC Wimbledon's Blue Square South fixture against Chelmsford City FC at The Cherry Red Records Fans' Stadium Kingsmeadow on 31 January 2009.
http://wn.com/AFC_Wimbledon_3-1_Chelmsford_City_FC,_31_01_2009
Princeton Commons Apartment Tour in Chelmsford, MA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 27 Aug 2010
The Newest Apartments in North Chelmsford Now available: your new apartment home. Innovative floorplans designed by a nationally recognized award-winning architect. Premium finishes including granite kitchen countertops and Pergo flooring. Nine foot ceilings throughout, and computer desks and soaking tubs available. Princeton Commons is anything but common. Adding to the fun are a fantastic clubhouse featuring a fitness center with gym-quality equipment, as well as a pool. Now scheduling tours. Call today!
http://wn.com/Princeton_Commons_Apartment_Tour_in_Chelmsford,_MA
Andy Wood 'Chelmsford' at Jam Track Central
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
TAB AND BACKING TRACK AVAILABLE AT: www.jamtrackcentral.com Taken from Andy's debut solo album entitled A Disconcerting Amalgam, Chelmsford is a track that takes you into a world of Andy Wood rock! There is no question that Andy has the ability to write a really great track as Chelmsford is up there with the best. The beauty of this track is that not only can you learn every note of what Andy plays, but you have this amazingly long solo section at the end for you to create your own improvised solo's too. This track comes with full track, backing track, video performance and complete TAB.
http://wn.com/Andy_Wood_'Chelmsford'_at_Jam_Track_Central
Pure Reason Revolution - V Festival Set Chelmsford - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:59
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
Pure Reason Revolution live at V Festival 2006
http://wn.com/Pure_Reason_Revolution_V_Festival_Set_Chelmsford_Part_1
Meet Axel: A new Chelmsford Police K-9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Chelmsford Police K-9 officer Dave Leo has a new dog, Axel, a 19-month-old German shepherd from the Czech Republic.
http://wn.com/Meet_Axel_A_new_Chelmsford_Police_K-9
Wycombe 3-1 Chelmsford | The FA Cup 2nd Round - 27/11/10
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
FATV match highlights of The FA Cup second round - Scott Rendell scored twice as Wycombe overpowered Non-League Chelmsford City to reach the FA Cup third round. Rendell gave the League Two side the lead when he reacted quickly at a corner to turn the ball home. Sam Higgins curled in a free-kick to give Chelmsford hope but Rendell scored his eighth of the season to restore the advantage from Kevin Betsy's cross. Stuart Beavon's counter-attack strike sealed the win late on and secured Wycombe's spot in the third round draw. TAGS - "The FA Cup" 27/11/10 27th November" 2nd round" "aaron webster" "Wycombe 3-1 Chelmsford" FA FATV "fa cup" 世界杯足球highlights goals scores great england english" championship unbelievable amazing soccer football "adams park Stadium" football association cup "second round" "fa cup tickets" "fa cup final" trophy
http://wn.com/Wycombe_3-1_Chelmsford_|_The_FA_Cup_2nd_Round_27_11_10
Sachin Tendulkar 171 ENG A Chelmsford 2007
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:04
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Sachin Tendulkar 171 ENG A Chelmsford 2007
http://wn.com/Sachin_Tendulkar_171_ENG_A_Chelmsford_2007
Guthrie Govan @ The Bassment Jazz Club Chelmsford
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
As a local jazz lovin cat student in chelmsford i have a duty to attend Guthries gigs for as a guitarist i have given up now i have sampled the true sound a guitar should make
http://wn.com/Guthrie_Govan_@_The_Bassment_Jazz_Club_Chelmsford
Photo: AP / Themba Hadebe
29 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Yesterday while protesting with striking mine workers in South Africa, Mohandas Gandhi was gunned down by heavily armed security forces. Gandhi, who...
Photo: AP / Joseph Kaczmarek
29 Oct 2012
> • TheUnited Stateson Sunday is bracing for the impact of an incredibly large Hurricane Sandy. • Hurricane Center warned residents of mid-Atlantic coast should expect life-threatening storm surges. •...
Photo: AP / John Minchillo
30 Oct 2012
At least 13 people have been killed in the US and millions are without power after Superstorm Sandy slammed into the New Jersey coastline and hurled a record-breaking 13ft surge of seawater at New...
Photo: AP / Brynn Anderson
30 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling When Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton assumed complete responsibility for the disastrous and deadly attacks on the U.S. diplomatic mission in...
Photo: AP / Jacqueline Larma
30 Oct 2012
Updated: October 30, 2012 11:08AM NEW YORK — Millions of people from Maine to the Carolinas awoke Tuesday without electricity, and an eerily quiet New York City was all but closed off by car, train...
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Driver, 87, guilty of Essex road death
30 Oct 2012
BBC News
An 87-year-old man admits causing death by dangerous driving after an...(size: 0.5Kb)
The Examiner
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BBC News
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The Guardian
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An Irishwoman's Diary
29 Oct 2012
Irish Times
ARMINTA WALLACE THERE���S A road near where I live; an ordinary suburban road lined with houses of all shapes and sizes. I���ve been walking along it for years, and always wonder ��� probably out of boredom ��� whether the people who live there might have stories of similar architectural variety....(size: 4.4Kb)
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For other uses, see Chelmsford (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 51°44′10″N 0°28′47″E / 51.7361°N 0.4798°E / 51.7361; 0.4798
| Chelmsford | |
 Shire Hall |
|
 Chelmsford
Chelmsford shown within Essex |
|
| Population | 169,500 |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | TL713070 |
| District | Chelmsford |
| Shire county | Essex |
| Region | East |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CHELMSFORD |
| Postcode district | CM1, CM2, CM3 |
| Dialling code | 01245 |
| Police | Essex |
| Fire | Essex |
| Ambulance | East of England |
| EU Parliament | East of England |
| UK Parliament | Chelmsford |
| List of places: UK • England • Essex | |
Chelmsford (
/ˈtʃɛlmzfərd/) is the only city in Essex, England, UK, and the principal settlement of the Borough of Chelmsford. It is located in the London commuter belt, approximately 32 miles (51 km) northeast of Charing Cross, London, and approximately the same distance from the once provincial Roman capital at Colchester. The city currently has a population of approximately 169,500[1] however this is thought to be rapidly increasing on a year by year basis with many people from Essex and the London borders re-locating to the town.
The main conurbation incorporates all or part of the former parishes of Broomfield, Great Baddow, Moulsham, Widford and Springfield, including Springfield Barnes, now known as Chelmer Village. American tourists often visit the suburb of Springfield, the origin of "Springfield" as a popular place name, first giving its name to the important City of Springfield, Massachusetts, and subsequently Springfield, Illinois, the state capital of Illinois, and Springfield, Missouri, among numerous others.[citation needed]
The town is surrounded by many small villages that are located within the Borough of Chelmsford: Galleywood, Bicknacre, East, West and South Hanningfield, Boreham, Ford End, Pleshey, Highwood, Good Easter (its neighbour High Easter is in the Uttlesford district), Chignal St James, Chignal Smealy, Howe Green, Roxwell, Great Leighs, Little Leighs, Great Waltham, Little Waltham, Little Baddow, Danbury, Sandon, Rettendon, Runwell, Margaretting, Stock and Writtle.
The communities of Chelmsford, Massachusetts, Chelmsford, Ontario and Chelmsford, New Brunswick are named after the town.
Chelmsford's population consists of a large number of City and Docklands commuters, attracted by the 30–35 minute journey from Central London via the Great Eastern Main Line. The same journey takes approximately 60 minutes by road via the A12.
On 14 March 2012, chairman of the Privy Council and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg announced[2] that Chelmsford, along with St Asaph, Wales and Perth, Scotland, was to be granted city status.
The demonym for a Chelmsford resident is "Chelmsfordian".
Contents |
History[link]
Early history[link]
In 1199, following the commissioning of a bridge over the River Can by Maurice, Bishop of London, William of Sainte-Mère-Eglise was granted a Royal Charter for Chelmsford to hold a market, marking the origin of the modern town. An under-cover market, operating Tuesday to Saturday, is still an important part of the town centre over 800 years later. The town's name is derived from Ceolmaer's ford which was close to the site of the present High Street stone bridge. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the town was called Celmeresfort and by 1189 it had changed to Chelmsford. Its position on the Londinium – Camulodonum Roman road (the modern A12) ensured the early prosperity of Chelmsford; in the first decade of the 12th century its population had grown to several hundred, which was large for its time.
Before 1199, there were settlements nearby from ancient times. A Neolithic and a late Bronze Age settlement have been found in the Springfield suburb, and the town was occupied by the Romans. A Roman fort was built in AD 60, and a civilian town grew up around it. The town was given the name of Caesaromagus' (the market place of Caesar), although the reason for it being given the great honour of bearing the Imperial prefix is now unclear – possibly as a failed 'planned town' provincial capital to replace Londinium or Camulodunum. The remains of a mansio, a combination post office, civic centre and hotel, lie beneath the streets of modern Moulsham, and the ruins of an octagonal temple are located beneath the Odeon roundabout. The town disappeared for a while after the Romans left Britain.
The town became the seat of the local assize during the early 13th century (though assizes were also held at Brentwood) and by 1218 was recognised as the county town of Essex, a position it has retained to the present day. Chelmsford was significantly involved in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, and Richard II moved on to the town after quelling the rebellion in London. 'The Sleepers and The Shadows', written by the late Hilda Grieve in 1988 using original sources, states: "For nearly a week, from Monday 1st July to Saturday 6th July [1381], Chelmsford became the seat of government ... The king probably lodged at his nearby manor house at Writtle. He was attended by his council, headed by the temporary Chancellor ... the new chief justice ... the royal chancery ... Their formidable task in Chelmsford was to draft, engross, date, seal and despatch by messengers riding to the farthest corners of the realm, the daily batches of commissions, mandates, letters, orders and proclamations issued by the government not only to speed the process of pacification of the kingdom, but to conduct much ordinary day to day business of the Crown and Government." Richard II famously revoked the charters which he had made in concession to the peasants on 2 July 1381, while in Chelmsford. It could be said that given this movement of government power, Chelmsford for a few days at least became the capital of England. Many of the ringleaders of the revolt were executed on the gallows at what is now Primrose Hill.
An important Anglo-Saxon burial was discovered at Broomfield to the north of Chelmsford in the late 19th century and the finds are now in the British Museum. The road 'Saxon Way' now marks the site. In the 17th century many of the victims of Matthew Hopkins (the self-styled "Witchfinder General") spent their last days imprisoned in Chelmsford, before being tried at the Assizes and hanged for witchcraft.
Henry VIII purchased the Boleyn estate in 1516, and built Beaulieu Palace on the current site of New Hall School. This later became the residence of his then mistress, and later wife Ann. Soon after it became the residence of Henry's daughter, by his first marriage, Mary I.
King Robert I of Scotland, better known as Robert the Bruce had close ties with the nearby village of Writtle and there is some evidence to suggest he was born at Montpeliers Farm in the village,[3][4][5][6] but the story is disputed and possibly conflated with his father, Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale.
World War II[link]
During World War II Chelmsford, an important centre of light engineering war production, was attacked from the air on several occasions, both by aircraft of the Luftwaffe and by missile. The worst single loss of life took place on Tuesday 19 December 1944, when the 367th Vergeltungswaffe 2 or V2 rocket to hit England fell on a residential street (Henry Road) near the Hoffmans ball bearing factory and not far from the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company factory in New Street which may also have been the target. Thirty-nine people were killed and 138 injured, 47 seriously.[7] Several dwellings in Henry Road were completely destroyed, and many in nearby streets were badly damaged. A recently restored monument to the dead is in the borough cemetery in Writtle Road.
On 13 May 1943 Luftwaffe bombing raids hit Chelmsford leaving more than 50 people dead and making nearly 1,000 residents homeless. The bombs on this night were dropped mainly in the town centre, Springfield and Moulsham.
The GHQ Line part of the British hardened field defences of World War II runs directly through Chelmsford with many pillboxes still in existence to the north and south of the town. Faded camouflage paint still remains on old buildings near Waterhouse Lane.
Hylands Park, the site of the annual V festival, then hosted a Prisoner of war camp, and from 1944 was the headquarters of the Special Air Service (SAS).[8]
Recent history[link]
Since the 1980s Chelmsford has suffered from a decline in its defence-related industries, most notably The Marconi Company with all of its factories closing. The Hall Street factory site is now jointly owned by SELEX Communications and BAE Systems.
However, the town's location close to London and at the centre of Essex has helped it grow in importance as an administrative and distribution centre. The one-time largest employer in Chelmsford, RHP, the former Hoffman ball bearing manufacturing company, closed its New Street/Rectory Lane site in 1989. Some of the factory remains and have been converted into luxury apartments and a health club although most of the site was demolished to make way for the Rivermead Campus of the Anglia Ruskin University.
Beaulieu Park, The Village and Chancellor Park are some of the most recent large scale housing developments built in the town to complement earlier developments such as Chelmer Village which was built throughout the 1980s.
In 2007, the Channel 4 programme "Location, Location, Location" voted Chelmsford as the 8th best place to live in the UK.[9][10][11]
On 14 March 2012 it was announced that Chelmsford was one of three British settlements to be granted city status to mark Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee, alongside St Asaph and Perth.[12] The Queen will formally grant the city title "in due course".[13] However, until the Queen signs and delivers the Royal Charter, Chelmsford is still a town.
Local government and politics[link]
Chelmsford is at the geographic and political centre of Essex and has been the county town since 1215. It is the location of the headquarters of Essex County Council at County Hall on Market Road[14] and the headquarters of Chelmsford Borough Council on Duke Street.[15] The headquarters of Essex Police are located in the Springfield area of the town at Kingston Crescent.[16]
Chelmsford formed part of the ancient Chelmsford hundred of Essex.[17] It was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1888,[18] under the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act 1882. In 1934 the borough was enlarged by gaining 1,659 acres (6.71 km2) from Chelmsford Rural District, including parts of the parishes of Broomfield, Springfield, Widford and Writtle.[18] The municipal borough was abolished in 1974 and its former area was combined with most of the remainder of the rural district to form the larger Chelmsford borough.
For the Chelmsford constituency in the House of Commons the member of Parliament is Simon Burns. In the 2010 general election, Burns gained 25,207 votes (46.2%), winning the seat with a majority over Stephen Robinson, the Liberal Democrat candidate of 5,110 (9.4%).[19]
Demographics[link]
In the 2001 Census,[19] The population for Chelmsford consisted of male: 49.2%, female: 50.8%, under 18: 22.5%, over 60: 19%, born outside UK: 5.9%, white: 96%, black: 0.7%, asian: 1.4%, mixed: 1.1%, other: 0.7%, Christian: 73.3%, Muslim: 0.9%. Education census statistics for Chelmsford consisted of full time students between 16- 74: 20.2%, No qualifications for ages between 16-74: 22.2%. Housing census statistics for Chelmsford consisted of owner occupied housing: 76.5%, social housing: 14.9% (Council: 11.3%, Housing Association 3.6%), privately rented: 6.3%, homes without central heating and/or private bathroom: 5.8%.
Economy[link]
Business and commerce[link]
Originally an agricultural and market town, Chelmsford has been an important centre for industry since the 19th century. Following the opening of the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation in 1797, cheaper transportation and raw materials made milling and malting the main industries until the 1850s, when increasing prosperity created a local market for agricultural machinery.
Foundries and engineering works followed including Fell Christy at his Factory (In later years known as Christy Norris Ltd) on the corner of Kings Road and Broomfield Road opened 1858, closed 1985, Coleman and Moreton, Thomas Clarkson (Steam Omnibus manufacturer and Founder of the Eastern National Bus Company) and Eddington and Stevenson (makers of traction engines). The Company Christy Norris still survives, trading as Christy Turner Ltd based in Ipswich. A residential street close to the old Factory was named "Fell Christy" in his honour.
As well as the headquarters of Essex County and Chelmsford Borough Councils, the modern town is home to a range of national and international companies including M&G Group, e2v Technologies and ebm-papst UK Ltd. The continuing importance of Chelmsford as an employment centre is demonstrated by the fact that the number of "in" commuters (mostly from other parts of Essex) almost exactly balances the number of workers commuting into London.
Chelmsford is largely a commercial town which employs around 80,000 people. There are two medium-sized shopping centres, High Chelmer and The Meadows. Chelmsford has three retail parks, Riverside, Chelmer Village and the smaller Homelands Retail Park housing a Flagship B&Q Store and Springfield Garden Centre (part of the Garden centre Group). The High Street is full of independent and chain stores. As well as the leading High Street names, there is also a wide variety of specialist retailers, especially in Baddow Road and Moulsham Street which are located at the end of the pedestrianised High Street. On 6 January 2005, Chelmsford was granted Fairtrade Town status.[20]
Several years ago, Chelmsford was labelled a mere clone town; however new developments are proving the statement wrong, with new business opportunities around the town[who?]. Sizeable businesses are now based in the Chelmsford Business Park at Boreham housing companies such as the Anderson Group and Global Marine Systems. The town also has a low unemployment rate (1.6% in 2002) and a well-educated workforce, with 9% holding a degree or above (in 2002; British average: 7.1%).[21]
Chelmsford has a vibrant nightlife scene with many nightclubs, pubs, wine bars and restaurants in the town centre area, particularly in Duke Street, Moulsham Street, the town centre end of Baddow Road and the bottom section of Springfield Road. Its central Essex location and good public transport links make the town ideal for revellers, commuters and tourists to visit from surrounding areas.
In May 2011, work began[22] on improvements to Moulsham Street. The original street had extremely narrow pavements which were dangerous for pedestrians to walk more than one abreast on the Parkway-George Street section. The improvements delivered wider pavements, better lighting and better access to shops. This work was completed in late October 2011.
Marconi[link]
File:New street.jpg
Marconi's New Street Factory in 1920
File:Crompton.jpg
Colonel R. E. Crompton
Main article: Marconi Company
In 1899, Guglielmo Marconi opened the world's first "wireless" factory under the name The Marconi Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company in Hall Street employing around 50 people. The company was later called the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company Ltd. For this reason Chelmsford is credited as the "birthplace of radio", and this phrase can be seen on administrative signs on major roads entering the town although this statement is disputed.[23]
Marconi soon outgrew its Hall Street premises and in June 1912 the company moved to a brand new purpose built 70,000-square-foot (6,500 m2) factory in New Street that still stands today. On 15 June 1920 the factory was the location of the first official publicised sound broadcast in the United Kingdom, featuring Dame Nellie Melba using two 450 feet (140 m) radio broadcasting masts.
In 1922, the world's first regular wireless broadcasts for entertainment began from the Marconi laboratories at Writtle near Chelmsford – Call sign '2MT' in what was little more than a wooden hut.
In 1999, Marconi's defence division, including the Chelmsford facilities, were purchased by British Aerospace to form BAE Systems. Two sites remain under BAE control; the Great Baddow site which is now BAE's Advanced Technology Centre and its Integrated Systems Technologies business at Glebe Road.
The military and secure communications division of Marconi was merged into Selex Communications was based at the New Street factory however they vacated the site in April 2008 with the remaining operations moved to nearby Basildon.This brought to an end of more than 100 years of the Marconi name in Chelmsford.[24]
The New Street factory was scheduled to be redeveloped with work planned to start during 2010,[25] however this fell through after the new site owners Ashwell Property Group entered administration in December 2009.
The New Street site including the Grade II listed front façade remains empty, derelict and vandalised with its future uncertain much to the dismay of Marconi Veterans and Chelmsfordians.[26][27]
Cromptons Electrical Engineering[link]
Chelmsford became home to the United Kingdom's first electrical engineering works established by Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton. Crompton as he was better known was a leading authority of electrical engineering and was a pioneer of electric street lighting and electric traction motors within the UK. Crompton installed electric street lights around the town centre to celebrate the incorporation of the Borough of Chelmsford in 1888. Although this made Chelmsford one of the earliest town's to receive electric street lighting, the Council later decided to have it removed because gas was cheaper and the Council owned the gasworks. Crompton supplied the traction motors for the first electric trains on Southend Pier. The company also manufactured electrical switchgear, alternators and generators for many power stations in the UK and worldwide.
Crompton set up his original factory known as the 'Arc Works' in Queen Street in 1878. After a fire there in 1895,[28] he built a huge new electrical engineering factory also called the 'Arc Works' in Writtle Road. The Firm was called Crompton and Co. and in 1927 became Crompton Parkinson after Colonel Crompton formed a business partnership with fellow British electrical engineer Frank Parkinson. During World War II, the factory was frequently targeted by the Luftwaffe. In 1969 Crompton Parkinson Ltd was downsized and operations moved elsewhere after a takeover by Hawker Siddeley and the site was taken over by the Marconi Company and became the base for the newly formed Marconi Radar Systems Ltd.[29]
After years of decline, the Marconi factory finally closed in 1992[28] and the site was demolished a few years later apart from the frontage on Writtle Road. A housing development called 'The Village' now occupies the site with road names such as Rookes Crescent, Evelyn Place, Crompton Street and Parkinson Drive as tributes to the former occupant.
Hoffmann Ball Bearings (RHP)[link]
The United Kingdom's first ball bearing factory was established at New Street and Rectory Lane in Chelmsford in 1898 by cousins Geoffrey and Charles Barrett and bankrolled by American ball bearing machine manufacturer Ernst Gustav Hoffmann from whom the Company took its name. The Hoffmann Manufacturing Company rapidly expanded and soon achieved worldwide fame for their precision-made bearings boasting an accuracy better than 1/10,000 of an inch (2.5 micrometres) for all their products. Hoffmann bearings were later used in the first transatlantic flights and extensively on machinery during World War I. For many years it was Chelmsford's main employer with more employees than the nearby Marconi Company.
The firm became Ransome Hoffmann and Pollard (RHP) after an amalgamation with the Ransome and Marles Bearing Company together with the Pollard Ball and Roller Bearing Company in 1969.[30] The factory that once employed 7500 employees over 50 acres in its heyday[31] was wound down during the 1980s and finally closing for good on 23 December 1989.[31]
The company assets and name were absorbed into the Japanese NSK Ltd bearing company in early 1990 trading as NSK-RHP Ltd.[32] at its UK base in Newark on Trent with the historic R.H.P name finally disappearing in 2001.[32]
Most of the factory was demolished during the summer of 1990 and the site is now occupied by the sprawling Rivermead Campus of the Anglia Ruskin University.
The only connection to the company name in Chelmsford today is the R.H.P. Bowls club located on part of the old Hoffmans Social Club site at Canterbury Way and Hoffmans Way at the corner of the old factory site at New Street and Rectory Lane.
English Electric Valve Company[link]
Main article: English Electric Valve Company
Original called the Phoenix Dynamo Company, the company was founded by Serge Aisenstein in 1947. It soon was noted for supplying 3" orthicons for the worldwide television transmission of the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey. The company, now known as e2v technologies plc still has its headquarters in Waterhouse Lane. In January 2007, the company celebrated 60 years in Chelmsford.
Britvic[link]
Main article: Britvic
Britvic's world headquarters, the Britvic House, is in Chelmsford.[33] The soft drink company began life as the British Vitamin Company in 1948. However, the origins of the company can be traced back to a chemist's in the town's Tindal Street, where flavoured waters were on sale as early as the mid-19th century. The company changed its name to Britvic in 1971 after its successful brand, which was launched in 1949. Britvic has a large factory on Widford Industrial Estate with its head office located in Broomfield Road.[34]
In July 2011, Britvic announced[35] that it is planning to move its headquarters from the current site in Broomfield Road closer to London in order to facilitate better transport links for its staff.
Transport[link]
Rail[link]
The Eastern Counties Railway arrived in Chelmsford in 1842, although owing to the geography of the town, three viaducts had to be constructed, the longest of which is the 18 arch Central Park viaduct. The station was built at the end of the second viaduct with the third viaduct at the River Chelmer at Springfield. The present-day Chelmsford railway station dates from around 1885 and is in the town centre and around 14,000 commuters travel to London Liverpool Street daily by rail, making Chelmsford one of the busiest non-terminus stations outside London.[36] The station is served by the railway franchise Greater Anglia.
Services from Chelmsford are operated to London Liverpool Street and Ipswich, Clacton, Harwich, Braintree and Norwich via the Great Eastern Main Line. Despite having platforms elevated on a viaduct, the station has full disabled access via a lift for each of the two platforms and as well as stair access. This dates from an extensive refurbishment of the station's ground-level facilities in the late 1980s.
Bus[link]
A new bus terminal in Duke Street opened in March 2007 which replaced an ageing 1930s Bus station. It incorporates shops and apartments and has a covered roof for passengers. This is mainly used by the First Essex Bus Company which has many routes around the town and beyond including the X30 Southend to Stansted Airport Flyer.
Other bus companies serving the area include Regal Busways, Stephensons of Southend and Network Colchester. There are also a variety of school bus serving the town and surrounding areas. Outside of peak times many of these services are run under contract to Essex County Council.
Arriva also operate a single service, the 59 route, to Harlow from Chelmsford, via Roxwell, The Rodings, Hatfield Heath and Old Harlow. The route is on the Hertfordshire Intalink network, allowing single-operator access to destinations within Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Cambridgeshire, as well as select Greater London destinations such as Stanmore and Barnet.
Essex County Council Highways & Transportation Department have considered the construction of a Bus Rapid Transit System to be built serving the Beaulieu Park/Springfield Area because of the increasing demand for Rapid Transit Plans in Ipswich, Colchester and Southend.
Chelmsford has a Park & Ride service that is based at nearby Sandon, just off the A12 at Junction 18. It runs from 7 am to 7 pm, Monday to Saturday with five bus stops around the town (one near High Chelmer for shopping) and charges £2.20 per adult and free for old-age pensioners or people under the age of 16. An adult weekly ticket is £11.00 and Adult monthly £42.00. It currently has a capacity of 1,200 cars. Opened in March 2006, it has proved highly successful and is widely used.
A second Park and Ride was opened on the A130/131, to the North of the town nr. Little Waltham in 2011.
Road[link]
 |
This section may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (January 2012) |
The main London to Colchester A12 trunk road which evolved from the Great East Road originally built by the Romans to connect London and Colchester,[37] used to pass through the town but is now diverted around the east. The £34.8m nine-mile (14 km) bypass opened in November 1986. The A414 is the main east-west route through the Borough, and the A130 and A131 run approximately north-south.
Chelmsford is around 25 to 30 minutes' drive from London Stansted Airport (via A130/A120), and London Heathrow, London Gatwick, London City, Luton and Southend airports are all within reach.
In the southwest of the town centre, the A138 meets the A414 at The Army and Navy roundabout which is notorious for its traffic congestion, even though the north–south road at this point is no longer part of the A12. Until 1986, when the Chelmsford bypass was opened, the roundabout was in an even worse state. Traffic lights were tried to improve matters in the early 2000s but that scheme was abandoned after a short while however some of the lights where recommissioned for early morning and evening part time use in 2009. The recently built bus lane on the A1114 Great Baddow Bypass and priority to traffic using it has meant traffic queues approaching the roundabout can now be over a mile long during peak periods.
The junction is unusual for its flyover, in a similar manner to the Hogarth Roundabout in Chiswick, London. It is bi-directional, being open where traffic goes one way into town (westerly) until 2.30 pm each day and one way (easterly) out of town after 2.30 pm. The flyover is now closed from 9 pm every night. A two-way flyover has been mooted ever since the original was built in 1978: it is very unlikely to happen – the local council has stated that the cost would be prohibitive. The roundabout is still called "The Army and Navy", even though the public house from which the junction got its name has been demolished.
Construction of a replacement 'Chelmer Viaduct' A138 road which connects Chelmer Village Way roundabout to the Army and Navy roundabout will begin in the summer of 2012, to replace the existing 1932 structure which will remain open during construction. However the old road and bridge will be demolished shortly after construction is completed.[38]
Licensed hackney carriage taxis and private hire vehicles[link]
Following delimitation of the number of hackney carriage licences issued by the local authority in Chelmsford in 2005,[39] the number of hackney carriage taxis that can ply for hire within the Borough of Chelmsford has risen from 82 to 175[40] prompting a long running dispute between Chelmsford Borough Council and Chelmsford Taxi Association over excessive taxi license numbers within the Borough.[40][41]
At the privately-owned Chelmsford railway station taxi rank, only the 116 Chelmsford Taxi Association affiliated hackney carriages are permitted to ply for hire at the station. There are eight other taxi ranks located within the town which are designated for all Chelmsford Borough Council licensed taxis which are located at Barrack Square, Baddow Road, Bond Street, Fairfield Road, Market Road, Tindal Street, Viaduct Road and Victoria Road,[42] however the Barrack Square and Viaduct Road taxi ranks mainly operate at night for visitors to the pubs and clubs within that area and the Market Road taxi rank is only used during the daytime.
Licensed hackney carriages in the Borough of Chelmsford are easily identifiable as they are predominately black in colour with light blue local authority license plates on the front/rear and illuminated green 'for hire' signs inside the front windscreen and illuminated rooflights.[43] Any new hackney carriage licenses issued by the authority since delimitation in 2005, the vehicle must be purpose built, wheelchair-accessible, black in colour and have a minimum of five seats not including the driver. Licenses issued prior to delimitation the vehicles can be either saloon car design or wheelchair accessible type vehicles. Chelmsford hackney carriage taxis can be flagged down by members of the public anywhere within the Borough.
Licensed Private Hire vehicles in Chelmsford are identifiable by their yellow local authority licence plates on the front/rear of the vehicles and lack of an illuminated rooflight. These vehicles are not permitted to ply for hire and must be pre-booked by telephone. They can be of any colour. All licensed hackney carriage taxis and private hire vehicles in Chelmsford will have a large rectangular council identification sticker with its license number on the front doors.[43][44] Both type of licensed vehicles are required to be tested for mechanical defects by the authority twice yearly in addition to the annual MOT test.
All persons holding a dual hackney carriage or private hire driver license within the Borough of Chelmsford must meet strict criteria as laid down by the authority which includes license renewal every 2 years, a Criminal Records Bureau enhanced disclosure check every three years and a Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency group 2[45] medical examination every four years.[46]
Future transport plans[link]
Proposals for a bypass of Chelmsford connecting the A12 interchange at Boreham (Junction 19) and the A131 were put forward for public consultation by Essex County Council in 2006, the preferred route was announced in March 2007. It comprises the creation of 7.9 km (4.9 mi) of two lane dual carriageway and junctions connecting to the A12 and A131, it will sever 10 footpaths/bridleways and involve almost entirely greenfield construction.[47] The scheme was estimated to cost £138 million in March 2007[47] but was increased to an estimated range of £229 – £ 262 million in February 2008.[48] The scheme still requires funding and planning permission with applications timetabled for 2009–2011, a public inquiry timetabled for 2012 and with an estimated construction start date of 2014–2016.[49] The Chelmsford North Action Group (NAG) objects to this scheme on the basis stating the Chelmsford was to "be engulfed by huge motorways connecting the Channel Ports, via a new Lower Thames Crossing, A130, on to Stansted, M11 and A14".[50]
A second new Park and Ride scheme on the A130 near Little Waltham in addition to that at Sandon began construction in March 2010 at a price of £7.9 million.[51] There has been criticism of the park and ride as some worry it would be unable to provide a service to the nearby Broomfield Hospital from the new site.[52] The Little Waltham Park and Ride opened in April 2011.
A new second railway station for the town was announced in September 2009 and is due to be built near the Boreham Interchange. Completion for the project is likely to be in 2015.[53]
Redevelopment[link]
A major new development was completed in 2007 in the West End of Chelmsford just off Duke Street called "53 Park Central" which contains a new Bus Station, shops and luxury apartments. The lower level apartments of this development and the Bus Station area are sometimes called 'The Marconi Plaza', while the upper level apartments are part of the "Kings Tower". The Bus Station and shops were opened in January 2007 while the rest of the development was ready in September 2007.
Another site near the large suburb of Springfield is in its planning stages. It will be a new neighbourhood which will be an urban village containing 3,500 homes. This would include a new Chelmsford North East Bypass connecting the A12 interchange at Boreham (Junction 19) and the A131.[47]
The Public House "The Army and Navy" from which the roundabout gets its name was demolished in March 2007. It was replaced by a Travelodge Hotel, a Frankie & Benny's Restaurant, a bed store and private flats. Building work started at the site in October 2007 and the project was completed in December 2008.
Chelmsford's tallest building,[54] Melbourne Court (now renamed Parkside Court) in Melbourne Avenue has received an £8,000,000 investment for extensive refurbishment and to create a new Neighbourhood Centre. This was completed early in 2009. Recently, plans were revealed for 'Waterside', a large development of shops, bars and restaurants on the banks of the River Chelmer on derelict land near the Essex Records Office at the end of Wharf Road. If this development goes ahead, High Bridge Road connecting Parkway and Springfield Road would be demolished along with the adjacent gasometers and a new central link road would be built.
Another development recently finished is 'The Hub' in Waterloo Lane. This contains luxury apartments and two restaurants. There are other new developments completed during 2009 including new private flats on the former car dealership on the corner of Rainsford Road and Parkway.
The former Anglia Ruskin University central campus off Victoria Road South was demolished in January/February 2010 and will be redeveloped for retail and leisure use. High Chelmer Shopping Centre underwent a refit during 2008/2009 with new flooring, lighting with a new front entrance and logo re-brand. Further work is currently being carried out in the shopping centre; an old portion was demolished in Spring 2011, and building work commenced soon after. The work, which will result in the opening of new shops, is due to be completed in early 2012.
In January 2011, John Lewis announced together with development partner Aquila House Holdings that it was to Anchor a brand new 65,000-square-foot (6,000 m2) department store as part of a 230,000-square-foot (21,000 m2) retail development at Chelmsford's Riverside. There will also be 2 other large format shops included in the development. The main anchor store will be complemented by a further 25 shops and restaurants. In addition to this there will also be a 280-space underground shoppers' car park.
Places of interest[link]
There are many places of interest within Chelmsford, including the 18-arch Victorian railway viaduct that spans the River Can in Central Park. One of three railway viaducts in the town that carry the Great Eastern Main Line. The Viaduct was constructed during 1842 by the Eastern Counties Railway Company and opened for passenger traffic on 29 March 1843.[55] Chelmsford Cathedral which is located directly behind The Shire Hall. Originally called St Mary's Church, it became a Cathedral when the Diocese of Chelmsford was created in 1914. It is officially the second smallest in England behind Derby Cathedral.[56]
Chelmsford's two tallest buildings are Parkside Court built in 1962 as Melbourne Court in Melbourne Avenue, sometimes locally known as Melbourne flats, and the new development completed in 2007, the 13-floor "Kings Tower" in Duke Street. They share the same height of 141.04 feet (42.99 m). The tallest structure by far in the Chelmsford area is the former Chain Home radar tower in the urban village Great Baddow which rises to 360 ft (110 m). It originally stood at Canewdon but was reassembled in Chelmsford in 1959[57] and is the only Chain Home tower still in its original unmodified form in the UK. It is a highly visible landmark throughout the town and surrounding area.
The Shire Hall is situated at the top of the High Street. Opened in July 1791 and built by local Architect and Essex County Surveyor John Johnson, it features a Portland Stone façade. One of the oldest and most prominent buildings in Chelmsford, it was built as a courthouse and there has been a court on the site since at least 1199. However this finally came to an end on 2 April 2012 with the opening of a new Magistrates Court a short distance away in New Street.[58]
Chelmsford Prison is a male prison and Young Offenders Institution, constructed in 1830. The 1979 film special of the TV series Porridge was filmed largely on location at Chelmsford Prison (while it was closed for repairs after a fire). The prison itself courted controversy for many years for its poor conditions, and was branded one of the worst gaols in the country by the Chief Inspector of Prisons in 2003.
Hylands House and Park just to the west of the town is a country house and parkland, saved from dereliction and purchased by the local council in 1966 after the death of the last private owner. Much damaged by fire and vandalism by the time of the sale, the house has now been completely restored by Chelmsford Borough Council. The house dates originally from 1730, and the park, currently 574 acres (2.32 km2) was landscaped by Humphry Repton. It is open to the public and used for a wide range of community events, including the annual music festival V Festival. It is also available for weddings and other private hires including conferences etc.
Chelmsford Museum in Oaklands Park, off Moulsham Street, is a local history and industrial heritage museum which also incorporates the Essex Regiment Museum. A major £5 million extension and redevelopment scheme opened in January 2010 and the museum now includes exhibits and interactive displays focusing on Crompton, Marconi, and Hoffmann, as well as illustrating the development of the town from prehistory up to modern times.[59] It also holds pottery including Castle Hedingham ware and the Turner Prize winner Grayson Perry. There is a live beehive and a collection of beautiful 18th century glasses which were featured on the BBC TV programme Flog It!. A second site at Sandon Mill – Chelmsford's former waterworks – displays further exhibits from Chelmsford's telecommunications, electrical engineering and rolling bearings industries.[60]
Geography and climate[link]
Geology[link]
From over 600,000 years ago, during the Pleistocene ice age, until the Anglian Stage around 478,000 to 424,000 years ago, the early River Thames flowed through the area where Chelmsford now stands, from Harlow to Colchester, before crossing what is now the North Sea to become a tributary of the Rhine. Consequently, gravel deposits are frequently found in the area and current and former gravel pits in the district are common.
Chelmsford has two rivers, the River Can and the River Chelmer. Although often confused to be the same river in the town centre, they are quite separate until they join together towards the east of the town to form the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation which heads out towards Maldon before flowing into tidal waters at the Blackwater Estuary. In the other direction, the Chelmer comes from the north from its source near Thaxted while the Can comes from the West from Writtle where it separates from the River Wid.
Up to the 1960s, these rivers were extremely prone to flooding the town centre area including two disastrous floods in August 1888 (known locally as 'The Great Flood') and in September 1958 (which also badly affected nearby Wickford) causing widespread damage. Flood prevention schemes in the 1960s on both rivers have largely prevented any further incidents here although the natural floodplains to the north and east such as The 'Baddow Meads' and The 'Chelmer Valley' continue to see flooding on a regular basis especially after prolonged heavy rainfall.
Climate[link]
As with all of the UK, Chelmsford has a maritime climate type, being to the southeast of England, the town enjoys a warmer climate than most of the United Kingdom and often experiences amongst the warmest summers in Britain; It is also one of the drier areas in the country. The nearest met office weather station is Writtle, about 1-mile (1.6 km) west of the town centre.
Temperatures can sometimes reach 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) in the summer, this figure was last achieved in the summer of 2011 and on an average of 17.1 days[61] the temperature will achieve a value of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above. The hottest day on record was on Sunday 10 August 2003 when 35.7 °C (96.3 °F)[62] was recorded. Before that, 35.2 °C (95.4 °F)[63] was recorded in August 1990. On average, however, the hottest day should rise to 29.8 °C (85.6 °F).[64]
The coldest temperature recorded at Writtle was −20.6 °C (−5.1 °F)[65] on 29 January 1947. A low of −18.0 °C (−0.4 °F)[66] was also recorded during December 1981. Most recently[when?] the temperature fell to −13.0 °C (8.6 °F)[67] on 20 December 2010. Air frost is recorded on an average of 52.3 nights of the year, and typically the coldest night will fall to −7.9 °C (17.8 °F)[68]
Rainfall average's 576.9 mm[69] a year, with daily totals of over 1 mm falling on 105.1 days[70] of the year. Thunderstorms mostly occur during July and August; however, they can occur anytime of the year. All average's refer to the 30 year observation period 1971–2000, except for the annual average coldest night (1961–1990).
Snow, although infrequent, is sometimes seen in the winter months because the town is near the east coast where cold, moist air is brought in from the North Sea. Snow accumulation is generally seen in the Chelmsford area at least once every winter and snowfall accumulates for an average of 2.5 inches (6 cm). In recent years, there has been up to three inches (8 cm) of snow on days in January and February which has resulted in minor disruption to transport and caused some schools to close. However, the snow tends not to persist for a significant length of time.
The last substantial snowfalls in Chelmsford were on 14 February 1991 and 7 January 1982 when around 18 inches (46 cm) to 24 inches (61 cm) fell.
| Climate data for Writtle, elevation 32 m, 1971–2000, extremes 1960– | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) |
18.3 (64.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
30.0 (86.0) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.2 (91.8) |
35.7 (96.3) |
29.9 (85.8) |
25.0 (77.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.6 (61.9) |
35.7 (96.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
10.3 (50.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.0 (50.0) |
7.9 (46.2) |
14.18 (57.53) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) |
0.8 (33.4) |
2.4 (36.3) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.64 (42.16) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.6 (−5.1) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
2.2 (36.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−18 (0) |
−20.6 (−5.1) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 53.97 (2.1248) |
34.9 (1.374) |
42.29 (1.665) |
41.77 (1.6445) |
45.38 (1.7866) |
52.83 (2.0799) |
39.38 (1.5504) |
49.49 (1.9484) |
51.71 (2.0358) |
58.16 (2.2898) |
54.14 (2.1315) |
52.9 (2.083) |
576.92 (22.7134) |
| Source: KNMI[71] | |||||||||||||
Education[link]
John Dee, noted Elizabethan philosopher, magician and scientist and also responsible for the introduction to the first English translation of Euclid was educated at the Chantry School (later re-founded as the Grammar School) in the sixteenth century.
Chelmsford is also home to part of the Anglia Ruskin University (formerly called Anglia Polytechnic) and to the grammar schools of Chelmsford County High School and King Edward VI Grammar School, founded in 1551 by charter of King Edward VI on the site of an earlier educational foundation (although evidence suggests it could have been around as early as 1292).
A Catholic Secondary School in the area is St John Payne Catholic Comprehensive School. New Hall School, founded in 1642, is a private, Catholic boarding school which caters to pupils from the age of 3 right through to sixth form. The New Hall building, previously named Palace of Beaulieu, has a great history including that of Henry VIII.[72]
Chelmsford College is the main provider of further education in the borough. Established in the early 1960s, the college occupies three sites in the town. The main site on Moulsham Street dates from the 1960s and the Princes Road site is a late 1980s building. There are around 2200 fulltime and 2,100 part-time students enrolled on a wide range of academic, vocational and occupational programmes. The College is rated as "GOOD" by OFSTED and holds the prestigious Investors in People (IiP) Champion status and is also an IiP Gold award holder.
Educational establishments in Chelmsford include:
- Anglia Ruskin University
- King Edward VI Grammar School, known locally as 'KEGS'
- St John Payne Catholic Comprehensive School
- Writtle College, an agricultural college
- Great Baddow High School
- Moulsham High School and humanities college
- Hylands School Specialist Science and Sixth Form College
- The Boswells School
- Columbus School and College, a special needs school.
- Chelmer Valley High School
- New Hall School, established 1642.
- Chelmsford County High School for Girls, consistently one of the top five schools in the UK for both GCSE and A-level results.
- St Peters College, the former Rainsford High School, which closed in August 2011.[73]
- The Sandon School
- Chelmsford College a college of further education
Society and culture[link]
Media[link]
Chelmsford is home to local radio station Chelmsford Radio,[74] but it does not broadcast from the town. The station recently moved to studios in Southend having vacated its Heybridge premises on 12 January 2009. The station was originally situated in Chelmsford until November 2006. This station was previously known as Dream 107.7 until February, and before that, 107.7 Chelmer FM up to 2002. The station began broadcasting on 18 October 1998. It is the local station for mid-Essex. Adventure Radio have owned this station since 2008, where it was purchased from Tindle Radio Ltd.
Chelmsford also has a local opt-out of Heart FM. Heart Essex (previously Essex FM up to June 2009) has been on air since 12 September 1981 and has been owned by Global Radio since 2007. It moved to studios in Glebe Road in late 2004, having previously been based in Southend-on-Sea. In May 2009, the station was rebranded to The Heart of Essex, Essex FM. In June 2009, the popular Essex FM née Essex Radio name brand was dropped after 28 years.
BBC Essex has been on air since 5 November 1986 and its studios are based in New London Road.
Until their closure in the mid 2000s Anglia Television/ITV Anglia had offices located in Chelmsford town centre. Chelmsford is served by London and East Anglia regional variations of the BBC and ITV1.
Publications based in Chelmsford include the Essex Chronicle, which was founded as the Chelmsford Chronicle in 1764. The weekly Essex Chronicle newspaper is the longest in continuous publication in the country.[citation needed] Until the closure of the printing plant in 2002, the paper was also printed in the town. It is now printed on presses by the Northcliffe Media Group which now owns the paper. Chelmsford Weekly News is a free local paper delivered to every home.
The fictional town of Framley in the newspaper satire The Framley Examiner is largely based on Chelmsford, along with surrounding areas such as Writtle (called Wripple).
Religion[link]
Chelmsford Cathedral is the second smallest cathedral in England after Derby Cathedral.[citation needed] It was built in the 15th and early 16th centuries, when it was the parish church of the prosperous medieval town. The Diocese of Chelmsford was established in 1914 from part of the Diocese of St Albans. It covers all of Essex and much of East London.
Chelmsford is also situated in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brentwood and the two dioceses are now uniquely (at least within England) conterminous. With the coming of the Reformation the Catholic community of Chelmsford was subjected to the anti-Catholic laws and Chelmsford was the site of the death of a Catholic martyr, Saint John Payne. In the 19th century, native Catholics resurfaced and immigrants helped to build up the Catholic community. There are now three Catholic churches within Chelmsford along with a Norbertine canonry situated on New London Road; St. Philip's Priory. There is a synagogue which opened in 2009 in neighbouring Shenfield which serves the Chelmsford Jewish community, there is also a Jewish cemetery which has been there for many years.
Other denominations are also represented, the Baptists, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventist Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and the United Reformed Church all have places of worship within the town. For the local Muslim community the Main Jamia Masjid mosque is located on Moulsham Street at the junction with Parkway.[75]
Sport[link]
Essex County Cricket Club is one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English domestic Cricket structure, representing the county of Essex. The club is based at the County Ground in New Writtle Street.
Chelmsford City Football Club play in the Blue Square South Division. The Club's home ground is at the Chelmsford Sport & Athletics Centre, Melbourne Park where they share with Chelmsford Athletic Club. Chelmsford is one of the largest settlements in England without a Football League team.
Chelmsford Hockey Club is a Men's and Ladies' (field) hockey Club based in the County of Essex (England). It has over one hundred and fifty regular adult playing members, of all ages and abilities, as well as a thriving youth section. It fields eight Men's teams and five Ladies' teams every weekend, including two Men's Veterans' XI's. The Ladies' 1st XI compete in the English Hockey League Premier Division and the Men's 1st XI compete in the English Hockey League Division 1. The remaining Men's teams play in the East League while the other Ladies' XIs play in the East Premier League and Essex League. The Club is undoubtedly one of the most successful Hockey Clubs in the country.
The Chelmsford Chieftains are an Ice Hockey Team that are based at the Riverside Ice and Leisure Centre and play in the English National Ice Hockey League. Captained by Mr Ben Clements, who currently holds the most appearances and goals records.
The Chelmsford Rugby Football Club was established in 1920 and for the last 40 years have been playing rugby at Coronation Park, Timpsons Lane, Chelmsford. At present, there are around 330 members and the club fields up to five senior teams each week. Chelmsford currently (2011) play in London Division North East 2 division. In addition to the senior teams, there are 150 Mini/Youth members providing teams from under 6's to under 17's.
The Chelmsford Water polo club has been running since 1998 and is located in the Ricerside Ice and Leisure building in Chelmsford. It plays for the London division and the Basildon division.
For the last seven years, a Ladies' team has been established, although owing to the lack of proper facilities they only play on an irregular basis.
The Chelmsford campus of Anglia Ruskin University also has many sports teams including a football, netball, hockey, fencing, Rugby Union and American Football.
The town is also home to the Pope & Smith Chelmsford Sunday League, of which there are 5 divisions consisting of teams from around the area.
Events[link]
Hylands Park hosts the annual V Festival every penultimate weekend in August since 1996. The 21st World Scout Jamboree 2007 was also held at Hylands Park from 27 July to 8 August 2007.
Chelmsford is home of Essex street diversions, East Anglia's largest festival of international street theatre and the 3foot People Festival, the UK's only 4-day festival exclusively for under-5-year-olds.[citation needed]
Notable people born in Chelmsford[link]
- Najma Akhtar (b.1962), jazz singer.[76]
- Liam Chilvers (b.1981), professional footballer.[77]
- Sarah Cracknell (b.1967), singer, Saint Etienne.[78]
- Hazell Dean (b.1956), singer.[79]
- James Gibson (b.1980), swimmer.[80]
- Greg Halford (b.1984), professional footballer.[81]
- Philemon Holland (b.1552), translator.[82]
- Harry Judd (b.1985), drummer, McFly.[83]
- George Clift King (b.1848), former Mayor of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.[84]
- Anne Knight (b.1786), anti-slavery campaigner and pioneer of feminism.[85]
- Malcolm O'Kelly (b.1974) Irish international rugby union player.[86]
- Tom Payne (b.1982), Waterloo Road actor.[87]
- Grayson Perry (b.1960) Turner prize-winning artist.[88]
- Nigel Spink (b.1958), professional footballer and European Cup winner as well as junior goalkeeper at Writtle Minors football club.[89]
- Joseph Strutt (b.1742), engraver and antiquary.[90]
- Sir Nicholas Conyngham Tindal (b.1776), lawyer, judge and Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.
- James Harper (b.1980), professional footballer.[91]
- Peter Collins (b.1948), professional footballer, Chelmsford City and Tottenham Hotspur.[92]
- Guthrie Govan (b.1971), professional jazz/rock/fusion guitar player.
- Mike Edmonds (b.1944), notable dwarf actor.
- Alex Dowsett (b.1988), professional cyclist.
- Ronald Skirth (b.1897), World War I veteran who became a pacifist during the war and purposely miscalculated British guns.[93]
- Joe Thomas (b.1983), actor.
Nearest places[link]
 |
Stansted Airport, Bishops Stortford, Great Dunmow | Braintree | Witham, Colchester | |
| Harlow, Hertford |  |
Maldon, Heybridge, Danbury | ||
 Chelmsford East |
||||
 |
||||
| London, Brentwood, Ingatestone | Basildon, Billericay, Tilbury, Grays | Southend on Sea, Rochford, Rayleigh, South Woodham Ferrers |
Twin towns[link]
Chelmsford's official twin towns[94] are:
Further reading[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chelmsford |
- Foreman, Stephen: Hylands – the story of an Essex country house and its owners (Ian Henry Publications, 1999)
- Lee, Janet Olivia: Chelmsford – Birthplace of Radio (Chelmsford Borough Council, 2001)
- Lowen, Ceri: Hylands House – a brief history and guide (Chelmsford Borough Council, 2005)
- Wander, Tim: 2MT Writtle – The birth of British Broadcasting (Capella Publications, 1988)
- Weller-Lewis, Hugh: Chelmsford Borough Guide (Macmillan, 1995)
- Wickenden, Nick: A Celebration of Chelmsford (Chelmsford Borough Council, 1999)
- a town, its people and its past (Chelmsford Record Office, 1988)
- Grieve, Hilda: The Sleepers and the Shadows Volume 2 Chelmsford: a town, its people and its past (Chelmsford Record Office, 1994)
- Begent, Andrew: Chelmsford At War (Ian Henry Publications Ltd, 1999)
- Torry, Gilbert: Chelmsford through the ages (East Anglian Magazine Ltd, 1977)
References[link]
- ^ http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-areas-in-england-and-wales/urban-areas-in-england-and-wales-ks01-usual-resident-population.xls
- ^ "http://www.essexportal.co.uk/essex-news/the-queen-gives-chelmsford-city-status". http://www.essexportal.co.uk/essex-news/the-queen-gives-chelmsford-city-status.
- ^ Robert's absolution for Comyn’s murder, in 1310, gives Robert as a layman of Carrick, indicating Carrick / Turnberry was either his primary residence, or place of birth. Lochmaben has a claim, as a possession of the Bruce family, but is not supported by a medieval source. The contemporary claims of Essex / the Bruce estate at Writtle Essex, during the coronation of Edward, have been discounted by G. W. S. Barrow.
- ^ Geoffrey le Baker's: Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke, ed. Edward Maunde Thompson (Oxford, 1889).
- ^ King Robert the Bruce By A. F. Murison.
- ^ Scottish Kings 1005 – 1625, by Sir Archibald H Dunbar, Bt., Edinburgh, 1899, p. 127, where Robert the Bruce's birthplace is given "at Writtle, near Chelmsford in Essex, on the 11th July 1274". Baker, cited above, is also mentioned with other authorities.
- ^ "Pamela Christine HOWSE, Civilian. Killed in Chelmsford". Chelmsfordwarmemorial.co.uk. http://www.chelmsfordwarmemorial.co.uk/WW2/WW2_HOWSE,_Pamela_Christine.html. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ^ World War II Small Arms Finding at Hylands Park, Chelmsford Borough Council, published 24 November 2004, accessed 20 October 2010
- ^ The 20 Best Places in Britain to Buy, accessed 8 September 2011
- ^ chez-vous.biz – Wokingham in Berkshire comes out top in best place to live survey, accessed 8 September 2011
- ^ Virgin Media – Top ten places to live, accessed 8 September 2011
- ^ [1], accessed 14 March 2012
- ^ "Chelmsford's sparkle wins Diamond Jubilee city status". BBC News. 15 March 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-17373780. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
- ^ Essex County Council – Contact us. Retrieved 24 December 2007.
- ^ Chelmford Borough Council – Contact Us. Retrieved 24 December 2007.
- ^ "Headquarters". Essex.police.uk. http://www.essex.police.uk/contact_us/headquarters.aspx. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ^ Vision of Britain – Chelmsford hundred (historic map). Retrieved 24 December 2007.
- ^ a b Vision of Britain – Chelmsford MB (historic map). Retrieved 24 December 2007.
- ^ a b http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/guide/seat-profiles/chelmsford/
- ^ Fairtrade Foundation – [2]. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
- ^ Chelmsford Borough Council – Key Statistics About Chelmsford. Retrieved 24 December 2007.
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Andrew or Andy Wood may refer to:
- Andrew Wood of Largo (died 1515), Scottish admiral
- Andrew Wood (bishop) (died 1695), Scottish prelate, Bishop of the Isles, 1678–1680, Bishop of Caithness, 1680–1688/9
- Andrew Trew Wood (1826–1903), Canadian businessman and parliamentarian
- Andrew Wood (diplomat) (born 1940), British diplomat
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"Tendulkar" redirects here. For other people, see Tendulkar (disambiguation).
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| Personal information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar | |||
| Born | (1973-04-24) 24 April 1973 (age 39) Bombay (now Mumbai), Maharashtra, India |
|||
| Nickname | Little Master, Tendlya[1] | |||
| Height | 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) | |||
| Batting style | Right-handed | |||
| Bowling style | Right-arm leg spin, off spin, medium pace | |||
| Role | Batsman | |||
| International information | ||||
| National side | India | |||
| Test debut (cap 187) | 15 November 1989 v Pakistan | |||
| Last Test | 24 January 2012 v Australia | |||
| ODI debut (cap 74) | 18 December 1989 v Pakistan | |||
| Last ODI | 18 March 2012 v Pakistan | |||
| ODI shirt no. | 10 | |||
| Only T20I | 1 December 2006 v South Africa | |||
| Domestic team information | ||||
| Years | Team | |||
| 1988 | Cricket Club of India | |||
| 1988–present | Mumbai | |||
| 1992 | Yorkshire | |||
| 2008–present | Mumbai Indians | |||
| Career statistics | ||||
| Competition | Test | ODI | FC | LA |
| Matches | 188 | 462 | 292 | 550 |
| Runs scored | 15,470 | 18,374 | 24,389 | 21,947 |
| Batting average | 55.44 | 44.81 | 58.62 | 45.53 |
| 100s/50s | 51/65 | 49/96 | 78/111 | 60/113 |
| Top score | 248* | 200* | 248* | 200* |
| Balls bowled | 4,174 | 8,032 | 7,539 | 10,220 |
| Wickets | 45 | 154 | 70 | 201 |
| Bowling average | 54.33 | 44.32 | 61.95 | 42.11 |
| 5 wickets in innings | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 10 wickets in match | 0 | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| Best bowling | 3/10 | 5/32 | 3/10 | 5/32 |
| Catches/stumpings | 113/– | 140/– | 181/– | 175/– |
| Source: Cricinfo, 17 March 2012 | ||||
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar ( pronunciation (help·info); born 24 April 1973) is an Indian cricketer widely considered to be one of the greatest batsmen of all time. He is the leading run-scorer and century maker in Test and one-day international cricket.[2][3][4] He is the first player to score a double century in ODI cricket.[5][6] In 2002, just 12 years into his career, Wisden ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Donald Bradman, and the second greatest one-day-international (ODI) batsman of all time, behind Viv Richards.[7] Tendulkar was a part of the 2011 Cricket World Cup winning Indian team in the later part of his career, his first such win in six World Cup appearances for India.[8] He is currently nominated for receiving the Bharat Ratna award. [9]
Tendulkar is the only cricketer to accomplish the feat of scoring a hundred centuries in international cricket which includes 49 ODI and 51 Test centuries.[10] He is also the only player to score fifty centuries in Test cricket,[11] and the first to score fifty centuries in all international cricket combined. On 17 October 2008, when he surpassed Brian Lara's record for the most runs scored in Test cricket, he also became the first batsman to score 12,000, 13,000, 14,000 and 15,000 runs in that form of the game,[12] having also been the third batsman and first Indian to pass 11,000 runs in Test cricket.[13] He was also the first player to score 10,000 runs in one-day internationals, and also the first player to cross every subsequent 1000-run mark that has been crossed in ODI cricket history. In the fourth Test of the Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia, Tendulkar surpassed Australia's Allan Border to become the player to cross the 50-run mark the most number of times in Test cricket history, and also the second ever player to score 11 Test centuries against Australia, tying with Sir Jack Hobbs of England more than 70 years previously.[14] Tendulkar passed 30,000 runs in international cricket on 20 November 2009. On 24 February 2010, Tendulkar became the first man to score a double century (200*) in an ODI against South Africa. On 8 November 2011, Tendulkar became the first batsman to score 15,000 runs in Test Cricket. He also holds the world record for playing highest number of Test and ODI matches.
Tendulkar has been honoured with the Padma Vibhushan award, India's second highest civilian award, and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, India's highest sporting honour. Tendulkar became the first sportsperson and the first person without an aviation background to be awarded the honorary rank of Group Captain by the Indian Air Force. He has received honorary doctorates from University of Mysore[15] and Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences[16] He won the 2010 Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the ICC awards.[17]
Contents
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Early years and personal life[link]
Tendulkar was born into a Rajapur Saraswat Brahmin family,[18][19][20] in Bombay (now Mumbai). His mother Rajni worked in the insurance industry,[21] and his father Ramesh Tendulkar, a Marathi novelist, named Tendulkar after his favourite music director, Sachin Dev Burman. Tendulkar's elder brother Ajit encouraged him to play cricket. Tendulkar has two other siblings: a brother Nitin, and sister Savita.
Tendulkar attended Sharadashram Vidyamandir (High School),[1] where he began his cricketing career under the guidance of his coach and mentor, Ramakant Achrekar. During his school days he attended the MRF Pace Foundation to train as a fast bowler, but Australian fast bowler Dennis Lillee, who took a world record 355 Test wickets, was unimpressed, suggesting that Tendulkar focus on his batting instead.[22]
When he was young, Tendulkar would practice for hours on end in the nets. If he became exhausted, Achrekar would put a one-rupee coin on the top of the stumps, and the bowler who dismissed Tendulkar would get the coin. If Tendulkar passed the whole session without getting dismissed, the coach would give him the coin. Tendulkar now considers the 13 coins he won then as some of his most prized possessions.[23]
While at school, he developed a reputation as a child prodigy. He had become a common conversation point in Mumbai circles, where there were suggestions already that he would become one of the greats. His season in 1988 was extraordinary, with Tendulkar scoring a century in every innings he played. He was involved in an unbroken 664-run partnership in a Lord Harris Shield inter-school game in 1988 with friend and team mate Vinod Kambli, who would also go on to represent India. The destructive pair reduced one bowler to tears and made the rest of the opposition unwilling to continue the game. Tendulkar scored 326* in this innings and scored over a thousand runs in the tournament.[24] This was a record partnership in any form of cricket until 2006, when it was broken by two under-13 batsmen in a match held at Hyderabad in India.
At 14, Tendulkar was a ball boy for the India versus Zimbabwe game at the Wankhede Stadium during the 1987 World Cup.[25] When he was 14, former Indian batsman Sunil Gavaskar gave him a pair of his own ultra light pads. "It was the greatest source of encouragement for me," Tendulkar said nearly 20 years later after surpassing Gavaskar's world record of 34 Test centuries.[26] On 24 May 1995,[27] Sachin Tendulkar married Anjali, a paediatrician and daughter of Gujarati industrialist Anand Mehta and British social worker Annabel Mehta. They have two children, Sara (born 12 October 1997) and Arjun (born 24 September 1999). Anjali is six years his senior.[28]
Beliefs[link]
Tendulkar is known to be a religious person,[29] and an ardent devotee of Sathya Sai Baba of Puttaparthi.[30][31][32] He has visited Puttaparthi on several occasions to seek Baba's blessings.[30][33] In 1997, Tendulkar captained the Indian National side, playing against a World Eleven team, in the Unity Cup which was held at the hill view stadium in Puttaparthi, in Baba's presence.[34][35] After Sai Baba's death, Tendulkar broke into tears when he saw the body of Baba in Puttaparthi, and cancelled his birthday celebrations.[36][37][38] The cricketer is also known to celebrate Ganesh Chaturthi at home and frequently visits temples during night when it is calm and quiet.[29][39] The cricketer has also offered his prayers at several other Hindu temples across the country.[40][41]
Early domestic career[link]
At the age of 13, Tendulkar made his debut in club cricket for Cricket Club of India.[42] On 11 December 1988, aged just 15 years and 232 days, Tendulkar scored 100 not out in his debut first-class match for Bombay against Gujarat, making him the youngest Indian to score a century on first-class debut. He followed this by scoring a century in his first Deodhar and Duleep Trophy.[43] He was picked by the Mumbai captain Dilip Vengsarkar after seeing him negotiate Kapil Dev in the nets,[1] and finished the season as Bombay's highest run-scorer.[note 1][44] He also made an unbeaten century in the Irani Trophy final,[45] and was selected for the tour of Pakistan next year, after just one first class season.[46]
His first double century was for Mumbai while playing against the visiting Australian team at the Brabourne Stadium in 1998.[1] He is the only player to score a century in all three of his Ranji Trophy, Duleep Trophy and Irani Trophy debuts.[47]
In 1992, at the age of 19, Tendulkar became the first overseas born player to represent Yorkshire[1][note 2] Tendulkar played 16 first-class matches for the county and scored 1070 runs at an average of 46.52.[48]
International career[link]
Early career[link]
Raj Singh Dungarpur is credited for the selection of Tendulkar for the 1989 Indian tour of Pakistan.[49] Tendulkar played his first Test match against Pakistan in Karachi in 1989 aged just 16. He made just 15 runs, being bowled by Waqar Younis, who also made his debut in that match, but was noted for how he handled numerous blows to his body at the hands of the Pakistani pace attack.[50] In the final test in Sialkot, he was hit on the nose by a bouncer, but he declined medical assistance and continued to bat even as he gushed blood from it.[51] In a 20 over exhibition game in Peshawar, Tendulkar made 53 runs off 18 balls, including an over in which he scored 27 runs off Abdul Qadir.[note 3] This was later called "one of the best innings I have seen" by the then Indian captain Kris Srikkanth.[52] In all, he scored 215 runs at an average of 35.83 in the Test series, and was dismissed without scoring a run in the only One Day International he played.[53][54]
The series was followed by a tour of New Zealand in which he scored 117 runs at an average of 29.25 in, Tests including an innings of 88 in the Second Test.[55] He was dismissed without scoring in one of the two one-day games he played, and scored 36 in the other.[56] On his next tour, to England in 1990, he became the second youngest cricketer to score a Test century as he made 119* at Old Trafford.[51] Wisden described his innings as "a disciplined display of immense maturity" and also wrote:[57]
"He looked the embodiment of India's famous opener, Gavaskar, and indeed was wearing a pair of his pads. While he displayed a full repertoire of strokes in compiling his maiden Test hundred, most remarkable were his off-side shots from the back foot. Though only 5ft 5in tall, he was still able to control without difficulty short deliveries from the English paceman."
Tendulkar further enhanced his development during the 1991–1992 tour of Australia, that included an unbeaten 148 in Sydney and a century on a fast, bouncing pitch at Perth. Merv Hughes commented to Allan Border at the time that "This little prick's going to get more runs than you, AB."[58]
Rise through the ranks[link]
Tendulkar's performance through the years 1994–1999 coincided with his physical peak, in his early twenties. On the day of the Hindu festival Holi, Tendulkar was told to open the batting at Auckland against New Zealand in 1994.[59] He went on to make 82 runs off 49 balls. He scored his first ODI century on 9 September 1994 against Australia in Sri Lanka at Colombo. It had taken him 79 ODIs to score a century.
Tendulkar's rise continued when he was the leading run scorer at the 1996 World Cup, scoring two centuries.[60] He was the only Indian batsman to perform in the infamous semi-final against Sri Lanka. Tendulkar fell amid a batting collapse and the match referee, Clive Lloyd awarded Sri Lanka the match after the crowd began rioting and throwing litter onto the field.
After the World Cup, in the same year against Pakistan at Sharjah, Indian captain Mohammed Azharuddin was going through a lean patch. Tendulkar and Navjot Singh Sidhu both made centuries to set a then record partnership for the second wicket. After getting out, Tendulkar found Azharuddin in two minds about whether he should bat. Tendulkar convinced Azharuddin to bat and Azharuddin subsequently unleashed 29 runs in a mere 10 balls. It enabled India post a score in excess of 300 runs for the first time in an ODI. India went on to win that match.
This was the beginning of a period at the top of the batting world, culminating in the Australian tour of India in early 1998, with Tendulkar scoring three consecutive centuries. These were characterised by a premeditated plan to target Australian spinners Shane Warne and Gavin Robertson, to whom he regularly charged down the pitch to drive over the infield. This technique worked as India beat Australia. The test match success was followed by two scintillating knocks in a tournament in Sharjah where he scored two consecutive centuries in a must-win game and then in finals against Australia tormenting Shane Warne once again. Following the series Warne ruefully joked that he was having nightmares about his Indian nemesis.[61] He also had a role with the ball in that series, including a five wicket haul in an ODI. Set 310 runs to win, Australia were cruising comfortably at 3 for 203 in the 31st over when Tendulkar turned the match for India taking wickets of Michael Bevan, Steve Waugh, Darren Lehmann, Tom Moody and Damien Martyn for just 32 runs in 10 overs.[62]
Tendulkar single-handedly won the ICC 1998 quarterfinal at Dhaka to pave way for India's entry into the semifinals, when he took four Australian wickets after scoring 141 runs in just 128 balls.
The inaugural Asian Test Championship took place in February and March 1999. Held just twice, the 1999 championship was contested by India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.[63] Eden Gardens hosted the first match, in which Tendulkar was run out for nine after colliding with Pakistan bowler Shoaib Akhtar. The crowd's reaction to the dismissal was to throw objects at Akhtar, and the players were taken off the field. The match resumed after Tendulkar and the president of the ICC appealed to the crowd, however further rioting meant that the match was finished in front of a crowd of just 200 people.[64] Tendulkar scored his 19th Test century in the second Test and the match resulted in a draw with Sri Lanka.[65] India did not progress to the final, which was won by Pakistan, and refused to participate the next time the championship was held to increasing political tensions between India and Pakistan.[66]
A chronic back problem flared up when Pakistan toured India in 1999, with India losing the historic Test at Chepauk despite a gritty century from Tendulkar himself. The worst was yet to come as Professor Ramesh Tendulkar, Tendulkar's father, died in the middle of the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Tendulkar flew back to India to attend the final rituals of his father, missing the match against Zimbabwe. However, he returned with a bang to the World cup scoring a century (unbeaten 140 off 101 balls) in his very next match against Kenya in Bristol. He dedicated this century to his father.[67]
Captaincy[link]
| Tendulkar's record as captain | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matches | Won | Lost | Drawn | Tied | No result | |
| Test[68] | 25 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 0 | – |
| ODI[69] | 73 | 23 | 43 | – | 2 | 6 |
Tendulkar's two tenures as captain of the Indian cricket team were not very successful. When Tendulkar took over as captain in 1996, it was with huge hopes and expectations. However, by 1997 the team was performing poorly. Azharuddin was credited with saying "Nahin jeetega! Chote ki naseeb main jeet nahin hai!",[70] which translates into: "He won't win! It's not in the small one's destiny!".[71]
Tendulkar, succeeding Azharuddin as captain for his second term, then led India on a tour of Australia, where the visitors were comprehensively beaten 3–0 by the newly crowned world champions.[72] Tendulkar, however, won the player of the tournament award as well as player of the match in one of the games. After another Test series defeat, this time by a 0–2 margin at home against South Africa, Tendulkar resigned, and Sourav Ganguly took over as captain in 2000.
Tendulkar remains an integral part of the Indian team's strategic processes. He is often seen in discussion with the captain, at times actively involved in building strategies. Former captain Rahul Dravid publicly acknowledged that Tendulkar had been suggesting moves such as the promotion of Irfan Pathan up the batting order which, although only temporary, had an immediate effect on the team's fortunes. In 2007, Tendulkar was appointed vice-captain to captain Rahul Dravid.[73] During the Indian team's 2007 tour of England, Dravid's desire to resign from the captaincy became known. The BCCI President Sharad Pawar personally offered the captaincy to Tendulkar.[73] However, Tendulkar asked Pawar not to appoint him captain, instead recommending Mahendra Singh Dhoni to take over the reins.[73] Pawar later revealed this conversation, crediting Tendulkar for first forwarding the name of Dhoni, who since achieved much success as captain.[73]
Injuries and apparent decline[link]
Sachin Tendulkar continued performing well in Test cricket in 2001 and 2002, with some pivotal performances with both bat and ball. Tendulkar took three wickets on the final day of the famous Kolkata Test against Australia in 2001. Tendulkar took the key wickets of Matthew Hayden and Adam Gilchrist, centurions in the previous test.
In the 2002 series in the West Indies, Tendulkar started well, scoring 79 in the first test, and 117 in the first innings of the second. Then, in a hitherto unprecedented sequence, he scored 0, 0, 8 and 0 in the next four innings, getting out to technical "defects" and uncharacteristically poor strokes. He returned to form in the last test scoring 41 and 86. However, India lost the series. This might have been the beginning of the "decline" phase in his career which lasted till 2006.
Tendulkar made 673 runs in 11 matches in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, helping India reach the final. While Australia retained the trophy that they had won in 1999, Tendulkar was given the Man of the Tournament award.
He continued to score heavily in ODI cricket that year, with two hundreds in a tri series involving New Zealand and Australia.
The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003/04 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series, with 241 not out in Sydney, putting India in a virtually unbeatable position. He followed up the innings with an unbeaten 60 in the second innings of the test. Prior to this test match, he had had an unusually horrible run of form, failing in all six innings in the preceding three tests. It was no aberration that 2003 was his worst year in test cricket, with an average of 17.25 and just one fifty.
Tendulkar scored an unbeaten 194 against Pakistan at Multan in the following series. India declared before Tendulkar reached 200; had he done so it would have been the fourth time he passed the landmark in Tests.[74] In meeting with the press that evening, Tendulkar stated that he was disappointed and that the declaration had taken him by surprise.[75] Many former cricketers commented that Dravid's declaration was in bad taste.[76][77] After India won the match, the captain Rahul Dravid stated that the matter was spoken internally and put to rest.[78]
Tennis elbow then took its toll on Tendulkar, leaving him out of the side for most of the year, coming back only for the last two tests when Australia toured India in 2004. He played a part in India's victory in Mumbai in that series with a fast 55, though Australia took the series 2–1.
On 10 December 2005 at Feroz Shah Kotla, Tendulkar scored his record-breaking 35th Test century, against the Sri Lankans. After this, Tendulkar endured the longest spell of his career without a Test century: 17 innings elapsed before he scored 101 against Bangladesh in May 2007.[79] Tendulkar scored his 39th ODI hundred on 6 February 2006 in a match against Pakistan. He followed with a run-a-ball 42 in the second one-day international against Pakistan on 11 February 2006, and then a 95 in hostile, seaming conditions on 13 February 2006 in Lahore, which set up an Indian victory. On 19 March 2006, after scoring an unconvincing 1 off 21 balls against England in the first innings of the third Test in his home ground, Wankhede, Tendulkar was booed off the ground by a section of the crowd,[80] the first time that he had ever faced such flak. Tendulkar was to end the three-Test series without a single half-century to his credit, and news of a shoulder operation raised more questions about his longevity. In July 2006, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced that Tendulkar had overcome his injury problem following an operation and rehabilitation programme and was available for selection, and he was eventually selected for the next series.
Tendulkar's comeback came in the DLF cup in Malaysia and he was the only Indian batsman to shine. In his comeback match, against West Indies on 14 September 2006, Tendulkar responded to his critics who believed that his career was inexorably sliding with his 40th ODI century. Though he scored 141 not out, West Indies won the rain-affected match by the D/L method.
During the preparation for the 2007 World Cup, Tendulkar was criticised by Greg Chappell on his attitude.[81] As per the report, Chappell felt that Tendulkar would be more useful down the order, while the latter felt that he would be better off opening the innings, the role he had played for most of his career. Chappell also believed that Tendulkar's repeated failures were hurting the team's chances. In a rare show of emotion, Tendulkar hit out at the comments attributed to Chappell by pointing out that no coach has ever suggested his attitude towards cricket is incorrect. On 7 April 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India issued a notice to Tendulkar asking for an explanation for his comments made to the media.[82]
At the World Cup in the West Indies, Tendulkar and the Indian cricket team, led by Rahul Dravid had a dismal campaign. Tendulkar, who was pushed to bat lower down the order had scores of 7 (Bangladesh), 57 not out (Bermuda) and 0 (Sri Lanka). As a result, former Australian captain Ian Chappell, brother of the then Indian coach Greg, called for Tendulkar to retire in his column for Mumbai's Mid Day newspaper.[83]
During this period from about 2002 to 2006–7, Tendulkar's batting often seemed to be a shadow of its former self. He was inconsistent, and his big knocks mostly came in sedate, accumulative, uncharacteristic fashion. He seemed to have either cut out or lost the ability to play many shots, including the hook and pull and many other aerial strokes. He also developed a tendency to go without scoring much for long periods and become overtly defensive. While players such as Ricky Ponting and Jacques Kallis were at the peak of their careers, Sachin's seemed to be in terminal decline. There were several calls from him to retire. However, after the 2007 World Cup, his career had a second wind and his consistency and form returned.
Return to old form and consistency[link]
In the subsequent series against Bangladesh, Tendulkar returned to his opening slot and was Man of the Series. He continued by scoring two consecutive scores of over 90 in the Future Cup against South Africa. He was the leading run scorer and was adjudged the Man of the Series.[84]
On the second day of the Nottingham Test (28 July 2007) Tendulkar became the third cricketer to complete 11,000 Test runs.[85] In the subsequent One day series against England, Tendulkar was the leading run scorer from India[86] with an average of 53.42. In the ODI Series against Australia in October 2007 Tendulkar was the leading Indian run scorer with 278 runs.[87]
Tendulkar was dismissed seven times in 2007 between 90 and 100, including three times at 99, leading some to suggest that he struggles to cope with nerves in this phase of his innings. Tendulkar has got out 23 times between 90 and 100 in his international career.[clarification needed] On 8 November 2007 he got out on 99 against Pakistan in an ODI at Mohali to the bowling of Umar Gul. In the fourth ODI, he got out on 97 (off 102 balls with 16 fours) after dragging a delivery from Gul on to his stumps, falling short of another century in ODIs in 2007.
2007/08 tour of Australia[link]
In the Border-Gavaskar Trophy, 2007–08, Tendulkar showed exceptional form, becoming the leading run scorer with 493 runs in four Tests, despite consistently failing in the second innings. Sachin scored 62 runs in the first innings of the first Test at the MCG in Melbourne, but couldn't prevent a heavy 337-run win for Australia. In the controversial New Years Test at Sydney, Tendulkar scored an unbeaten 154 as India lost the Test. This was his third century at the SCG, earning him an average of 221.33 at the ground. In the third Test at the WACA cricket ground in Perth, Sachin was instrumental in India's first innings score of 330, scoring a well compiled 71, as India went on to record a historic triumph at the WACA. In the fourth Test at the Adelaide Oval, which ended in a draw, he scored 153 in the first innings, involving in a crucial 126 run stand with V.V.S. Laxman for the fifth wicket to lead India to a score of 282 for 5 from 156 for 4. He secured the Player of the Match award.
In the One-Day International Commonwealth Bank Tri-Series involving Sri Lanka and Australia, Tendulkar became the first and only batsman to complete 16,000 runs in ODIs. He achieved this feat against Sri Lanka on 5 February 2008 at the Gabba in Brisbane. He started the CB series well notching up scores of 10, 35, 44 and 32, but could not convert the starts into bigger scores. His form dipped a bit in the middle of the tournament, but Tendulkar came back strongly in India's must-win game against Sri Lanka at the Bellerive Ovalin Hobart, scoring 63 off 54 balls. He finished the series with a match winning 117 not out off 120 balls in the first final,[88] and 91 runs in the second final.[89]
Home series against South Africa[link]
South Africa toured in March and April 2008 for a three-Test series. Tendulkar scored a five-ball duck in his only innings of the series;[90] he sustained a groin strain in the match and as a result was forced not only to miss the second and third Tests, but also the tri-series involving Bangladesh, the 2008 Asia Cup, and the first half of the inaugural season of the IPL.[91]
Sri Lanka Series[link]
Before the touring Sri Lanka for three Test in July 2008, Tendulkar needed just 177 runs to go past Brian Lara's record of Test 11,953 runs. However, he failed in all six innings, scoring a total of just 95 runs. India lost the series and his average of 15.83 was his worst in a Test series with at least three matches.[92]
Return to form and breaking the record[link]
In the following ODI series against Sri Lanka, Tendulkar was sidelined due to injury. However, during the following Australia tour of India, he returned to fitness and form, scoring 13 and 49 in the first test before making 88 in the first innings of the second test, thus breaking the record for most number of Test runs held by Brian Lara. He also reached the 12,000 run mark when he was on 61. He made a fifty in the third test and 109 in the fourth, as India won the series 2–0 and regained the Border-Gavaskar Trophy.
ODI and Test Series against England[link]
Tendulkar was again out due to injury from the first three ODIs of a 7-match ODI series at home against England, but he made 11 in the fourth ODI and 50 in the fifth, before the ODI series was called off due to the Mumbai terror attacks, the scoreline being 5–0 to India.
England returned for a 2-match test series in December 2008, and in the first test in Chennai, chasing 387 for victory, Tendulkar made 103 not out in a 163-run unbroken fifth wicket stand with Yuvraj Singh. This was his third century in a fourth match innings, and the first which resulted in a win. This was redemption for the Chennai Test of 1999 when chasing 271 against Pakistan, Sachin had made 136 with severe back pain and was out 17 runs short of the target, precipitating a collapse and a loss by 12 runs. He dedicated this century to the victims of the Mumbai terror attacks. Tendulkar failed in both innings in the second test, India won the series 1–0.
2009–2010[link]
In early 2009, India revisited Sri Lanka for five ODIs, as the Pakistan series had been cancelled due to the security situation in Pakistan and the attacks in Mumbai. Tendulkar failed to reach double figures in any inning, before becoming injured.
India's next assignment was an away series against New Zealand, consisting of three Tests and five ODIs. In the ODI series, Tendulkar made a 163 not out in the third match, an innings ended by stomach cramps that forced him to retire hurt. India made 392 and won easily and won the series 3–1. Tendulkar made 160 in the first test, his 42nd Test century, and India won. He made 49 and 64 in the second test and 62 and 9 in the third, in which India were prevented from winning by rain on the last day. India won the series 1–0.
Tendulkar rested himself for the ODI tour of West Indies, but was back for the Compaq Cup (Tri Series) between India, SL and New Zealand in early September 2009. He made 46 and 27 in the league matches before notching up 138 in the final, as India made 319 and won by 46 runs. This was Tendulkar's 6th century in ODI finals and his third consecutive score of over 50 in such finals. India has won all six times that Tendulkar has made a hundred in an ODI final.
Tendulkar played just one innings in the ICC Champions trophy in South Africa, scoring 8 against Pakistan as India lost. The next match against Australia was washed out and he was out with food poisoning in the third match against the West Indies, as India were eliminated.
Australia returned for a seven-match ODI series in India in October, and Tendulkar made 14, 4, 32 and 40 in the first four games. In the fifth match, with the series tied at 2–2, Australia amassed 350/4 in 50 overs. Tendulkar made his 45th ODI hundred, a 175 off 141 balls. Just when it seemed that he would steer India to the large victory target, he paddle-scooped debutant bowler Clint McKay straight to short fine leg, with India needing 19 from 18 balls with four wickets left. The Indian tail collapsed, and they lost by 3 runs, being all out for 347. During this match, Tendulkar also became the first player to reach 17,000 ODI runs, and achieved his personal best against Australia, as well as the third highest score in a defeat.
In the ODIs against Sri Lanka in 2009–10, Tendulkar scored 69, 43, 96 not out and 8, as India won 3–1.In the Test Series, he scored a 100 no out in the first test, which was drawn, and 40 in the second and 53 in the third test as India clinched innings victory in both tests. India won the series 2–0.[93]
Sachin rested himself for the ODI tri-series in Bangladesh in 2010. In the Tests against Bangladesh, he made 105 not out and 16 in the first test, and 143 in the second. India won 2–0.
In the 2-Test Series against South Africa, Tendulkar made seven and 100 in the first test and 106 in the first innings of the second test. In the course of the second 100 (his 47th Test Hundred) he achieved several landmarks, in that he had scored four hundreds in his last four matches and that the hundred against South Africa in the first Test was the first at home against South Africa. The century was also his hundredth score over 50 in International Test cricket, moving him to 92 international hundreds (Tests and ODIs combined). In the second match of the subsequent ODI series, Tendulkar scored 200 not out to become the world's first person to score a double century in ODI cricket.[94]
2011 World Cup and after[link]
From February to April, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka hosted the 2011 World Cup. Amassing 482 runs at an average of 53.55 including two centuries, Tendulkar was India's lead run-scorer for the tournament; only Tillakaratne Dilshan of Sri Lanka scored more runs in the 2011 tournament.[95] India defeated Sri Lanka in the final.[96] Shortly after the victory, Tendulkar commented that "Winning the World Cup is the proudest moment of my life. ... I couldn't control my tears of joy."[97]
India were due to tour the West Indies in June, although Tendulkar chose not to participate. He returned to the squad in July for India's tour of England.[98] Throughout the tour there was much hype in the media about whether Tendulkar would reach his 100th century in international cricket (Test and ODIs combined). However his highest score in the Tests was 91; Tendulkar averaged 34.12 in the series as England won 4–0 as they deposed India as the No. 1 ranked Test side.[99][100] The injury Tendulkar sustained to his right foot in 2001 flared up and as a result he was ruled out of the ODI series that followed.[99] Tendulkar created another record on 8 November 2011 when he became the first cricketer to score 15,000 runs in Test cricket, during the opening Test match against the West Indies at the Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium in New Delhi.[101][102]
Ian Chappell was not happy with Sachin's performance after India's tour of Australia. He says that Sachin’s quest for his 100th hundred has proved to be a hurdle for the entire team and has hampered their performance on the Tour of Australia. Former India World Cup winning captain and all-rounder Kapil Dev has also voiced his opinion that Sachin should have retired from ODI’s after the World Cup. Former Australian fast bowler, Geoff Lawson, has said that Sachin has the right to decide when to quit although he adds that Tendulkar should not delay it for too long.[103]
100th international century[link]
Tendulkar scored his much awaited 100th international hundred on 16 March 2012, at Mirpur against Bangladesh in the Asia Cup.[104] He became the first person in history to achieve this feat. Incidentally, it was Tendulkar's first ODI hundred against Bangladesh. He said "It's been a tough phase for me ... I was not thinking about the milestone, the media started all this, wherever I went, the restaurant, room service, everyone was talking about the 100th hundred. Nobody talked about my 99 hundreds. It became mentally tough for me because nobody talked about my 99 hundreds."[105] Despite Tendulkar's century, India failed to win the match against Bangladesh, losing by 5 wickets.[106]
Indian Premier League and Champions League[link]
Tendulkar was made the icon player and captain for his home side, the Mumbai Indians in the inaugural Indian Premier League Twenty20 competition in 2008.[107] As an icon player, he was signed for a sum of US$1,121,250, 15% more than the second-highest paid player in the team, Sanath Jayasuriya.[108]
In 2010 edition of Indian Premier League, Mumbai Indians reached the final of the tournament. Tendulkar made 618 runs in 14 innings during the tournament, breaking Shaun Marsh's record of most runs in an IPL season. He was declared player of the tournament for his performance during the season. He also won Best Batsman and Best Captain awards at 2010 IPL Awards ceremony.
Sachin Tendulkar captained Mumbai Indians in 4 league matches of second edition of the league. He scored 68 in the first match and 48 against Guyana. But Mumbai Indians failed to qualify for semifinals after losing the initial two matches. Tendulkar scored 135 runs.[109]
In the 2011 IPL, against Kochi Tuskers Kerala, Tendulkar scored his maiden Twenty20 hundred. He scored 100 not out off 66 balls. In 51 matches in the IPL Tendulkar has scored 1,723 runs, making him the second-highest run-scorer in the competition's history.[110]
Style of play[link]
Tendulkar is cross-dominant: He bats, bowls and throws with his right hand, but writes with his left hand.[111] He also practices left-handed throws at the nets on a regular basis. Cricinfo columnist Sambit Bal has described him as the "most wholesome batsman of his time".[1] His batting is based on complete balance and poise while limiting unnecessary movements and flourishes. He appears to show little preference for the slow and low wickets which are typical in India, and has scored many centuries on the hard, bouncy pitches in South Africa and Australia.[1] He is known for his unique punch style of hitting the ball over square. He is also renowned for his picture-perfect straight drive, often completed with no follow-through. Straight drive is his favourite shot.[112] In 2008 Sunil Gavaskar, in an article he wrote in the AFP, remarked that "it is hard to imagine any player in the history of the game who combines classical technique with raw aggression like the little champion does".[113]
Sir Donald Bradman, considered by many as the greatest batsman of all time, considered Tendulkar to have a batting style similar to his. In his biography, it is stated that "Bradman was most taken by Tendulkar's technique, compactness and shot production, and had asked his wife to have a look at Tendulkar, having felt that Tendulkar played like him. Bradman's wife, Jessie, agreed that they did appear similar."[114][115]
Former Australian cricket team coach John Buchanan voiced his opinion that Tendulkar had become susceptible to the short ball early in his innings because of a lack of footwork.[116] Buchanan also believes Tendulkar has a weakness while playing left-arm pace.[116] He was affected by a series of injuries since 2004. Since then Tendulkar's batting has tended to be less attacking. Explaining this change in his batting style, he has acknowledged that he is batting differently due to that fact that, firstly, no batsman can bat the same way for the entire length of a long career and, secondly, he is a senior member of the team now and thus has more responsibility. During the early part of his career he was a more attacking batsman and frequently scored centuries at close to a run a ball. Ian Chappell, former Australian player, remarked in 2007 that "Tendulkar now, is nothing like the player he was when he was a young bloke".[117]
Tendulkar has incorporated several modern and unorthodox strokes into his repertoire in recent times, including the paddle sweep, the scoop over short fine leg and the slash to third man over the slips' heads, over the last seven or eight years. This has enabled him to remain scoring consistently in spite of the physical toll of injuries and a lean period in the mid-2000s. By his own admission, he does not bat as aggressively as he did in the 90s and early 2000s, because his body has undergone changes and cannot sustain aggressive shotmaking over a long period. He is often praised for his ability to adapt to the needs of his body and yet keep scoring consistently.
While Tendulkar is not a regular bowler, he can bowl medium pace, leg spin, and off spin. He often bowls when two batsmen of the opposite team have been batting together for a long period, as he can often be a useful partnership breaker. With his bowling, he has helped secure an Indian victory on more than one occasion.[118] He has taken 44 test match wickets and is the tenth highest wicket taker for India in ODIs.[119]
Controversies[link]
Mike Denness incident[link]
Main article: Mike Denness and Indian cricket team incident
In India's 2001 tour of South Africa in the second test match between India and South Africa at St George's Park, Port Elizabeth match referee Mike Denness fined four Indian players for excessive appealing as well as the Indian captain Sourav Ganguly for not controlling his team.[120] Tendulkar was given a suspended ban of one game by Mike Denness in light of alleged ball tampering. Television cameras picked up images that suggested Tendulkar may have been involved in cleaning the seam of the cricket ball.[121] This can, under some conditions, amount to altering the condition of the ball. The match referee Mike Denness found Sachin Tendulkar guilty of ball tampering charges and handed him a one Test match ban.[122] The incident escalated to include allegations of racism,[123] and led to Mike Denness being barred from entering the venue of the third test match. The ICC revoked the status of the match as a Test as the teams rejected the appointed referee.[124] The charges against Tendulkar and Sehwag's ban for excessive appealing triggered a massive backlash from the Indian public.[125]
Ferrari import tax[link]
In commemorating Tendulkar's feat of equalling Don Bradman's 29 centuries in Test Cricket, automotive giant Ferrari invited Tendulkar to its paddock in Silverstone on the eve of the British Grand Prix on 23 July 2002, to receive a Ferrari 360 Modena from the F1 world champion Michael Schumacher.[126] On 4 September 2002 India's then finance minister Jaswant Singh wrote to Tendulkar telling him that the government will waive customs duty imposed on the car as a measure to applaud his feat.[127] However the rules at the time stated that the customs duty can be waived only when receiving an automobile as a prize and not as a gift. It is claimed that the proposals to change the law (Customs Act) was put forth in Financial Bill in February 2003 and amended was passed as a law in May 2003. Subsequently the Ferrari was allowed to be brought to India without payment of the customs duty (
1.13 crore (US$225,435) or 120% on the car value of 75 lakh (US$149,600)).[128] When the move to waive customs duty became public in July 2003, political and social activists protested the waiver[129] and filed a PIL in the Delhi High Court. With the controversy snowballing, Fiat India agreed to pay the import duty.[130]
Fan following[link]
Tendulkar's entry into world cricket was hyped up by former Indian stars and those who had seen him play. Tendulkar's consistent performances earned him a fan following across the globe, including amongst Australian crowds, where Tendulkar has consistently scored centuries.[58] One of the most popular sayings by his fans is "Cricket is my religion and Sachin is my God".[131] Cricinfo mentions in his profile that "... Tendulkar remains, by a distance, the most worshipped cricketer in the world."[132] During the Australian tour of India in 1998 Matthew Hayden said "I have seen God. He bats at no. 4 in India in Tests."[133]
There have been many instances when Sachin's fans have done extreme activities over Sachin's dismissal in the game. As per reports by many Indian newspapers, a person hanged himself being distressed over Sachin's failure to reach 100th century. [134]
Some analysts have found that Sachin is the greatest ever cricketer in the world surpassing Don Bradman. At home in Mumbai, Tendulkar's fan following has caused him to lead a different lifestyle. Ian Chappell has said that he would be unable to cope with the lifestyle Tendulkar was forced to lead, having to "wear a wig and go out and watch a movie only at night".[117] In an interview with Tim Sheridan, Tendulkar admitted that he sometimes went for quiet drives in the streets of Mumbai late at night when he would be able to enjoy some peace and silence.[135] Tendulkar has a presence in the popular social networking site Twitter with the user name sachin_rt since May 2010.[136]
Business interests[link]
Tendulkar's immense popularity has led him to be an early pioneer in India on cricket business dealings when he signed a record sports management deal with Worldtel in 1995, the value of the deal being 30 crore (US$5.99 million) over five years.[137] His next contract with WorldTel in 2001 was valued at 80 crore (US$15.96 million) over five years.[138] In 2006, he signed a contract with Saatchi and Saatchi's ICONIX values at 180 crore (US$35.91 million) over three years.[139]
Tendulkar has opened two restaurants: Tendulkar's[140] (Colaba, Mumbai) and Sachin's[141] (Mulund, Mumbai) and Bangalore. Sachin owns these restaurants in partnership with Sanjay Narang of Mars Restaurants.
In 2007, Tendulkar also announced a JV with the Future Group and Manipal Group to launch healthcare and sports fitness products under the brand name 'S Drive and Sach'.[142] A series of comic books by Virgin Comics is also due to be published featuring him as a superhero.[143]
Commercial endorsements[link]
Sachin Tendulkar has been sponsored by several brands throughout his career including Boost (1990–present),[144] Pepsi (1992–2009),[145] Action Shoes (1995–2000),[146] MRF (1999–2009),[147] Adidas (2000–10),[148] Britannia (2001–07),[149] Fiat Palio (2001–03),[150] TVS (2002–05),[151] ESPN Star Sports (2002–present),[152] Sunfeast (2007–13),[153] Canon (2006–09),[154] Airtel (2004–06),[155] Reynolds (2007–present),[156] G-Hanz (2005–07),[157] Sanyo BPL (2007–present),[158] Toshiba (2010–present),[159] Colgate-Palmolive,[160] Philips,[160] VISA,[160] Castrol India (2011–12),[161] Ujala Techno Bright[162] and Coca-Cola (2011–13)[163]
He has also been a spokesperson for National Egg Coordination Committee (2003–05),[164] AIDS Awareness Campaign (2005)[165] and Luminous India (2010–present)[166]
Political career[link]
In April 2012, Tendulkar accepted the Rajya Sabha nomination proposed by the president. He is the first active sportsperson and cricketer to have been nominated to the Rajya Sabha.[167] Reactions to this decision included: Sanjay Manjrekar who said that he was "actually shocked by the story itself, first by the nomination as it came without any warning. And that Sachin has accepted it is even more shocking. When I visualise what Sachin could possibly do after retirement, I thought something connected to cricket, coaching and all that, may be some business or social activity. But Rajya Sabha MP after retirement or even at this stage of career is something that was not even in my wildest guess." MP and former cricketer Kirti Azad said that the move was akin to an honourary degree on an eminent person and said that "Why should he not be successful? Unlike a Lok Sabha MP, he does not have to worry about his constituency and he could focus on the topics related to sports. I’m confident he will do a good job." Former Indian captain Dilip Vengsarkar reacted in saying that "so far, they were nominating persons from other fields. Now that a sportsman has been nominated to the Rajya Sabha, a good precedent has been set." DNA questioned if Tendulkar could handle the political system and was aware of the issues, though it also said that he has now outlined in partisan politics in choosing a party after the nomination followed a visit to the head of the Indian National Congress' residence in New Delhi[168] at the behest of party MP Sanjay Nirupam.[169] The nomination was also made by the president, who is a member of the INC, in the same year as she faces re-election. Actor Sanjay Dutt, who had also tried to become a MP, said that "it is an honour to be in the Rajya sabha. I am a fan of Sachin. He is the pride and jewel of India. But, I am not happy that he is a Rajya Sabha member. He should have been the way he is." He was also said to have the support of Amitabh Bacchan.[170] His decision to be a MP was also criticised in some quarters: Former Indian captain Ajit Wadekar said that "hope[s Tendulkar] does not suffer the same fate as another legend, Amitabh Bachchan, politics is a big game. He had only said he is not going to retire soon. But, my fear is how will he divide his time and responsibilities." Former member of the Indian 1983 Cricket World Cup team Madan Lal was also surprised, saying that "the kind of person Sachin is, we never expected him to take up politics." The Maharashtrian party Shiv Sena's MP Sanjay Raut questioned the timing and asked "is Sachin being used to divert attention from the problems plaguing the Congress?" The Communist Party of India's Gurudas Dasgupta sad that "I welcome the decision to nominate Tendulkar, but at the same time when Sourav is in his top form, his name, too, should have been considered."[169] His current colleague Harbhajan Singh said that he was "proud that Sachin is getting the honour. He deserves much more than that. May God bless him always."[171] Anti-corruption campaigner Baba Ramdev said that the INC was using the nomination and Tendulkar's stature to boost its battered image through series of scandals and electoral defeats.[172] Former Indian football captain Baichung Bhutia reacted neutrally saying a nomination of a sports candidate was a personal choice to accept.On 2nd May,2012 sachin was selected as the holder of seat no. 103 in the upper house "Rajya Sabha"[173]
Career achievements[link]
Main articles: Achievements of Sachin Tendulkar and List of ODI Awards for Sachin Tendulkar
Sachin Tendulkar is the most prolific run scorer in one-day internationals with 18,111 runs. With a current aggregate of 14,692 Test runs, he surpassed Brian Lara's previous record tally of 11,953 runs as the highest run scorer in test matches in the second Test of Australia's 2008 tour of India in Mohali.[12][174] Tendulkar described "It is definitely the biggest achievement in 19 years of my career" on the day he achieved the record.[175] He also holds the record of highest number of centuries in both Test (51) and ODI (49) cricket. (48). On 16 March 2012, Tenduklar scored his 100th international hundred.[176] It came against Bangladesh in the league matches of Asia Cup 2012. Throughout his career, he has made a strong impact on Indian cricket and was, at one time, the foundation of most of the team's victories. In recognition with his impact on sport in a cricket-loving country like India, Tendulkar has been granted the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award, Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India. He was also chosen as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1997 and is ranked by the Wisden 100 as the second best test batsman and ODI batsman of all time.
Tendulkar has also consistently done well in Cricket World Cups. Tendulkar was the highest run scorer of the 1996 Cricket World Cup and 2003 Cricket World Cup. After his century against England during group stages of 2011 Cricket World Cup, he became the player to hit most number of centuries in Cricket World Cups with six centuries and the first player to score 2000 runs in World Cup cricket.[25][177] Tendulkar has scored over 1000 runs in a calendar year in ODIs 7 times, and in 1998 he scored 1894 runs, easily the record for the highest number of runs scored by any player in a single calendar year for one day internationals. Tendulkar is also one of the very few players who are still playing in international cricket from the 1980s. On 24 February 2010, Tendulkar broke the previous world record for highest individual innings in an ODI, and became the first male cricketer to score a double-century in one-day cricket. He made 200 runs and broke the previous record of 194 runs, jointly held by Pakistan opener Saeed Anwar and Zimbabwe's Charles Coventry.[178]
He has been Man of the Match 13 times in Test matches and Man of the Series four times,[179] out of them twice in the Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia. The performances earned him respect from Australian cricket fans and players.[58] Similarly he has been Man of the Match 60 times in One day International matches and Man of the Series 14 times.
Individual honours and appreciations[link]
- ICC Award-Sir Garfield Sobers trophy for cricketer of the year 2010.
- Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, 2008.[180]
- ICC World ODI XI: 2004, 2007.
- Rajiv Gandhi Awards – Sports: 2005.[181]
- Player of the tournament in 2003 Cricket World Cup.
- Maharashtra Bhushan Award, Maharashtra State's highest Civilian Award in 2001.[182]
- Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, 1999.[183]
- Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest honour given for achievement in sports, 1997–98.[184]
- Wisden Cricketer of the Year: 1997.
- Arjuna Award, by the Government of India in recognition of his outstanding achievement in sports, 1994.[185]
- In October 2010, he was awarded for Outstanding Achievement in Sport and the Peoples Choice Award at The Asian Awards in London.[186]
- On 28 January 2011, he won the 'Castrol Indian Cricketer of the Year' award.[187]
- 'BCCI Cricketer of the Year' award on 31 May 2011.[188]
- On 3 September 2010, he was made a Honorary Group captain by the Indian Air Force.[189]
Philanthropy[link]
Tendulkar sponsors 200 underprivileged children every year through Apnalaya, a Mumbai-based NGO associated with his mother-in-law, Annabel Mehta. A request from Sachin on Twitter raised 1.025 crore (US$204,487.5) through Sachin's crusade against cancer for the Crusade against Cancer foundation.[190][191] Sachin Tendulkar devoted all of nine hours to the 12-hour Coca-Cola-NDTV Support My School telethon on 18 September 2011 that helped raise 7 crore – 2 crore more than the target – for from the creation of basic facilities, particularly toilets for girl students, in 140 government schools across the country.[192]
Biographies[link]
Sachin Tendulkar has been the subject of various books. The following is the listing of books focused on Tendulkar's career:
- Sachin: The Story of the World's Greatest Batsman by Gulu Ezekiel. Publisher: Penguin Global. ISBN 978-0-14-302854-3[193]
- The A to Z of Sachin Tendulkar by Gulu Ezekiel. Publisher: Penguin Global. ISBN 978-81-7476-530-7[194]
- Sachin Tendulkar-a definitive biography by Vaibhav Purandare. Publisher: Roli Books. ISBN 81-7436-360-2[195]
- Sachin Tendulkar – Masterful by Peter Murray, Ashish Shukla. Publisher: Rupa. ISBN 81-7167-806-8[196]
- If Cricket is a Religion, Sachin is God by Vijay Santhanam, Shyam Balasubramanian Publisher: HarperCollins India ISBN 978-81-7223-821-6[197]
- Master Stroke: 100 Centuries of Sachin Tendulkar by Neelima Athalye. Publisher: Sakal Publications. ISBN 978-93-8057-184-3[198]
See also[link]
- List of International cricket centuries by Sachin Tendulkar
- Achievements of Sachin Tendulkar
- Indian national cricket captains
- List of One Day International cricket records
Further reading[link]
- Murray, Peter; Shukla, Ashish (2002). Sachin Tendulkar: Masterful. Murray Advertising. ISBN 81-7167-806-8.
Notes[link]
- ^ He scored 583 runs at an average of 67.77, and was the sixth highest run-scorer overall
- ^ (Craig White, although born in Yorkshire was the first player to be signed as an overseas player by Yorkshire. He had to be listed as an overseas player as he had already played for Victoria in Australia).
- ^ He hit him for 6,4,0,6,6,6
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- ^ Surendran, CP (29 March 2010). "Why English fails Tendulkar". The Times Of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/Why-English-fails-Tendulkar/articleshow/5735567.cms.
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- ^ "The Don and the New Master". India Today. 7 September 1998. http://www.india-today.com/itoday/07091998/sports.html. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
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- ^ "Sachin to remain adidas brand ambassador post retirement too!". Fibre2Fashion. 29 May 2006. http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/company-news/adidas-india/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=17690. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- ^ "Sachin to bat for Britannia". The Financial Express. 2 November 2001. http://www.financialexpress.com/fe20011102/stra2.html. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
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- ^ "TVS signs Sachin as brand ambassador". The Hindu Business Line. 16 February 2002. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/02/16/stories/2002021601820400.htm. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- ^ "Sachin to bat for ESPN-Star Sports". The Indian Express. India. 7 February 2007. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/06/29/stories/2002062902550100.htm. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- ^ "ITC signs Sachin Tendulkar as co-creator". The Economic Times. 14 November 2006. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/itc-signs-sachin-tendulkar-as-co-creator/articleshow/441201.cms. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ "Canon clicks Sachin as brand ambassador". The Hindu Business Line. 7 November 2006. http://www.blonnet.com/2006/11/07/stories/2006110702460500.htm. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- ^ "Airtel drops Tendulkar as brand ambassador". The Indian Express. India. 3 November 2006. http://www.indiaexpress.com/news/sports/cricket/20061103-0.html. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- ^ "Clark and Reynolds extend contracts". Sport Gnome. 12 January 2012. http://www.sportgnome.com/?p=20890. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ "G-Hanz unveils `safe' mobiles". The Indian Express. India. 24 January 2007. http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2005012502620400.htm&date=2005/01/25/&prd=bl&. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- ^ Badrinath, Raghuvir (4 January 2006). "Sachin to bat for Sanyo-BPL". Business Standard. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/sachin-to-bat-for-sanyo-bpl/228480/. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ "Sachin Tendulkar is the new face of Toshiba". Business Standard. 1 July 2010. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/sachin-tendulkar-isnew-facetoshiba/99934/on. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ^ a b c "Sachin Tendulkar makes money faster than runs". Indian Express. 19 May 1999. http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990519/isp18020.html. Retrieved 3 March 2008.
- ^ "Sachin to Bat for Castrol". Castrol India. http://www.castrol.com/castrol/genericarticle.do?categoryId=8278043&contentId=7066462. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
- ^ Jyothy Labs
- ^ Coke ropes in Sachin as its 'happiness ambassador'
- ^ "Hatching a new game plan". The Hindu Business Line. 02 December 2010. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-brandline/article1026880.ece. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ "Sachin & BCCI to spread AIDS Awareness message". Thatscricket. 22 March 2005. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930180751/http://thatscricket.oneindia.in/2005/test_series/ind-pak/2203aids.html. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- ^ 17 March 2012 11:55 pm (3 May 2010). "Luminous Signs the legend Sachin Tendulkar as Brand Ambassador". Technics Today. http://www.technicstoday.com/2010/05/luminous-signs-the-legend-sachin-tendulkar-as-brand-ambassador/. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ^ "Sachin Tendulkar accepts Congress's Rajya Sabha nomination offer: reports". India: CNN-IBN. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sachin-tendulkar-says-yes-to-rs-nomination/252413-37-64.html. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ Tagore, Vijay (28 April 2012). "Sachin Tendulkar in Parliament: House that?". http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/column_sachin-tendulkar-in-parliament-house-that_1681741. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ a b "Not everyone game for Sachin in Rajya Sabha". Hindustan Times (New Delhi). 28 April 2012. http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Not-everyone-game-for-Sachin-in-Rajya-Sabha/Article1-847398.aspx. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ IANS (28 April 2012). "Big B happy with Sachin`s nomination, Sanjay differs". Zee News. http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/big-b-happy-with-sachin-s-nomination-sanjay-differs_110366.htm. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ PTI (28 April 2012). "'Tendulkar deserves more than RS nomination'". Hindustan Times (New Delhi). http://www.hindustantimes.com/Cricket/CricketNews/Tendulkar-deserves-more-than-RS-nomination/Article1-847439.aspx. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "Sachin 'pressured' by Congress: Yoga Guru". Hindustan Times (New Delhi). 28 April 2012. http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Sachin-pressured-by-Congress-Yoga-Guru/Article1-847512.aspx. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ ANI (28 April 2012). "Mixed reactions to Tendulkar's RS nominationAV-News Videos". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/audio-news-video/AV-News/Mixed-reactions-to-Tendulkar-s-RS-nomination/Article2-846911.aspx. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "Tendulkar makes history in Mohali". Australian Broadcasting Corporation www.abc.net.au. 17 October 2008. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/17/2394610.htm. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ "Tendulkar scales another peak". Special Correspondent (Chennai, India: Hindu). 18 October 2008. http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/18/stories/2008101857830100.htm. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ "Tendulkar scores his 100th international century". http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2012/content/story/557526.html.
- ^ "Cricket Records | Records | World Cup | Most hundreds | ESPN Cricinfo". Stats.espncricinfo.com. http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?id=12;type=trophy. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ^ "Tendulkar hits 196, highest score in ODIs". Gwaliar: Rediff.com. 24 February 2010. http://cricket.rediff.com/report/2010/feb/24/updates-india-south-africa-2nd-odi-gwalior.htm. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
- ^ "Statistics, Sachin Tendulkar in Tests". Cricinfo. http://stats.cricinfo.com/guru?sdb=player;playerid=1934;class=testplayer;filter=basic;team=0;opposition=0;notopposition=0;season=0;homeaway=0;continent=0;country=0;notcountry=0;groundid=0;startdefault=1989-11-15;start=1989-11-15;enddefault=2008-01-28;end=2008-01-28;tourneyid=0;finals=0;daynight=0;toss=0;scheduledovers=0;scheduleddays=0;innings=0;result=0;followon=0;seriesresult=0;captain=0;keeper=0;dnp=0;recent=;viewtype=aro_awards;runslow=;runshigh=;batposition=0;dismissal=0;bowposition=0;ballslow=;ballshigh=;bpof=0;overslow=;overshigh=;conclow=;conchigh=;wicketslow=;wicketshigh=;dismissalslow=;dismissalshigh=;caughtlow=;caughthigh=;caughttype=0;stumpedlow=;stumpedhigh=;csearch=;submit=1;.cgifields=viewtype. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
- ^ "Tendulkar receives Padma Vibhushan". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 6 May 2008. http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/06/stories/2008050660611400.htm. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
- ^ "Rajiv Gandhi Awards – Categories & Awardees". Rajiv Gandhi Awards. http://www.rajivgandhiawards.com/categories.html. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
- ^ "Sachin got Maharashtra Bhushan award". Cricinfo.com. http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/image/173304.html. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
- ^ "Padma Awards Directory, 1954–2007" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwards1954-2007.pdf. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
- ^ "List of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award Winners". Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071225221953/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/rg_khelratna.htm. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
- ^ "List of Arjuna Awardees". Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071225221945/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
- ^ Sachin Awarded in London
- ^ Sachin, Mohinder Bag Top Honors at Castrol Awards for Cricketing Excellence. Castrol India. 28 January 2010. http://www.castrol.com/castrol/genericarticle.do?categoryId=8278043&contentId=7067062. Retrieved 29 January 2011
- ^ Tendulkar, Durani honoured at BCCI awards. Cricinfo. 31 May 2011. http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/517352.html. Retrieved 18 July 2011
- ^ Tankha, Madhur (3 September 2010). "My dream has come true: Sachin". The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/news/article611671.ece. Retrieved 18 July 2011
- ^ "Sachin Tendulkar raises Rs 10 Million for Cancer Charity". Breakingnewsonline.net. 29 May 2010. http://www.breakingnewsonline.net/newswatch/2237-sachin-tendulkar-raises-rs-10-million-for-cancer-charity.html. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ^ "Sachin's social responsibility – Behindindia.com – General News – Sachin Tendulkar Apnalaya". www.behindindia.com. http://www.behindindia.com/india-news-stories/june-09-01/sachin-tendulkar-04-06-09.html. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ "Humble Sachin Tendulkar helps telethon raise Rs7 crore for schools - Sport - DNA". Dnaindia.com. 19 September 2011. http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_humble-sachin-tendulkar-helps-telethon-raise-rs7-crore-for-schools_1589076. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ^ "Book: Sachin: The Story of the World's Greatest Batsman". ASIN 0143028545.
- ^ "Man of letters". Cricinfo. http://content-www.cricinfo.com/reviews/content/story/248843.html. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
- ^ "Willow talk". The Telegraph. Kolkota, India. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050312/asp/weekend/story_4464466.asp. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
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- ^ "Book: Master Stroke: 100 Centuries of Sachin Tendulkar". http://esakal.in/sachin/. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sachin Tendulkar |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Sachin Tendulkar |
- Player profile: Sachin Tendulkar from ESPNcricinfo
- Player profile: Sachin Tendulkar from CricketArchive
- Player Profile: Sachin Tendulkar from Yahoo! Cricket
- Sachin Tendulkar on Twitter
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Tendulkar, Sachin Ramesh |
| Alternative names | सचिन रमेश तेंडुलकर; Tendulkar, Sachin; The Little Master |
| Short description | Indian cricketer |
| Date of birth | 24 April 1973 |
| Place of birth | Mumbai, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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http://hi.wn.com/सचिन तेंदुलकर
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Guthrie Govan | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Guthrie Govan |
| Born | (1971-12-27) 27 December 1971 (age 40) Chelmsford, Essex |
| Genres | Jazz fusion, rock, blues, progressive rock, funk, country, bluegrass |
| Instruments | Guitar |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Labels | Cornford Records |
| Associated acts | Erotic Cakes, Young Punx, The Fellowship, GPS, Asia, Dizzee Rascal, Docker's Guild, The Aristocrats |
| Website | Official website |
| Notable instruments | |
| Suhr Standards Classic Classic T |
|
Guthrie Govan (born 27 December 1971 in Chelmsford, Essex, England) is a virtuoso guitarist known for his work with the bands Asia (2001–2006), GPS, The Young Punx and The Fellowship as well as Erotic Cakes (a vehicle for his own music). He is a noted guitar teacher through his work with the UK magazine Guitar Techniques, Guildford’s Academy of Contemporary Music and currently the Brighton Institute of Modern Music. He is the 1993 winner of Guitarist magazine's "Guitarist of the Year" competition.
Contents |
Biography and early playing career[link]
Govan began playing guitar aged three, encouraged by his father but initially learning mainly by ear. At the age of nine he and his brother Seth Govan played guitar on a Thames Television programme called Ace Reports. At secondary school he was exposed, via older classmates, to "shred" guitarists of the time.[1]
After leaving school, Govan read English at the University of Oxford, though he left after a year to pursue a career in music. Around this time (by Govan’s own estimation, 1991[1]) he sent demos of his work to Mike Varney of Shrapnel Records. Varney was impressed and offered him a record deal; ultimately however, Govan declined. Regarding his reasons he has explained: "it was as though all I really wanted to know was that I was good enough […] I found I was getting a bit wary of the shred movement."[2]
In 1993 he won Guitarist magazine’s "Guitarist of the Year" competition with his instrumental piece Wonderful Slippery Thing (a version of which would eventually appear on his debut solo album); the demo of the track earned him a place amongst several other entrants in the live final, which he then won. Subsequently, he submitted a sample transcription (of a Shawn Lane piece) to Guitar Techniques magazine; this earned him a job as a contributor to the magazine, ending a spell working in fast food.[1]
Guitar tuition[link]
Govan has since worked with Guitar Techniques,[1] including an article providing a transcription of his track Wonderful Slippery Thing.[3] Since the late 1990s, Govan has taught at the Guitar Institute in Acton, Thames Valley University, and the Academy of Contemporary Music; he currently teaches at Brighton Institute of Modern Music. In this context, he is known for his ability to teach a wide range of styles.[1] Govan has published two books on guitar playing: Creative Guitar Volume 1: Cutting Edge Techniques and Creative Guitar Volume 2: Advanced Techniques.[4][5]
Playing career in the 2000s[link]
Asia, GPS and The Young Punx[link]
Govan began his involvement with Asia playing on the album Aura. With his work on the album complete, Govan was added to the Asia line-up for the tour to support the new album. Bad Asteroid, an instrumental in the live shows, was a Govan original composition; it dates back to his early 1990s demo. He went on to play on the band’s 2004 album Silent Nation.
In 2006, Asia keyboardist Geoff Downes left to reform an earlier Asia line-up; Govan and the other two band members, John Payne and Jay Schellen, along with and Erik Norlander continued as Asia featuring John Payne. Govan left in mid-2009 and was replaced by Mitch Perry. Payne, Govan and Schellen also formed GPS (named after the members' initials) and after the addition of Ryo Okumoto on keyboards the band released the album Window to the Soul (2006).
Govan performs on a number of tracks on Your Music Is Killing Me, the debut album of UK electronic dance music act The Young Punx and is part of their live act. He also appears in the music video for their track Rockall.
Govan has played live guitar for Dizzee Rascal, including a performance on Later With Jools Holland.[6]
Docker's Guild[link]
In December 2010, Govan performed on all tracks on Docker's Guild album The Mystic Technocracy - Season 1: The Age of Ignorance, due for release in 2012 on Lion Music. The project also features some other Asia artists, notably John Payne on vocals and Simon Hanhart, who mixed the album. Other special guests include Gregg Bissonette (drums), Tony Franklin (bass), Jeff Watson (guitars), Douglas R. Docker (keyboards), Goran Edman, Tony Mills and Amanda Somerville (vocals).[7]
Erotic Cakes and The Fellowship[link]
Govan’s debut solo album, Erotic Cakes, was released through Cornford Records in August 2006. In the album's sleeve notes, Govan states the album is named after an episode of The Simpsons; he also explains that when playing live, the band is billed as Erotic Cakes rather than simply Guthrie Govan.[8] In addition to bass by Govan’s brother Seth and drumming by Pete Riley, the album features guitar solos by Richie Kotzen (whose Los Angeles studio was used to record the guitar tracks on the album) on Ner Ner and Bumblefoot on Rhode Island Shred respectively. Seth Govan and Pete Riley also complete the Erotic Cakes live band. Previous versions of Waves and Rhode Island Shred appeared on the compilation Guitar on the Edge, Vol 1. no.4 (Legato Records, 1993).[8] A version of his Guitarist of the Year winning piece, Wonderful Slippery Thing appears on the album. While this is his first album, Govan had been collaborating with drummer Pete Riley on the music since the mid-1990s.[1]
The Erotic Cakes band line up, with the addition of saxophonist Zak Barrett, also forms jazz-fusion band The Fellowship. The band plays at the Bassment club in Chelmsford, Essex, every Thursday night and has done so for several years.[1][9]
Playing career in the 2010s[link]
In late 2011, Govan announced a new tour with new band The Aristocrats, featuring Bryan Beller on bass and Marco Minnemann on the drums. Their self-titled album was released worldwide in September 2011.
In 2012, TBS began running a TV ad for the popular show "House of Payne" that features part of his solo from his jam track "Les is More" available through www.JamTrackCentral.com
Influences and technique[link]
Govan’s earliest influences were Jimi Hendrix and Cream-era Eric Clapton; as such he describes himself as coming from a "blues rock background".[1] While he is "wary" of 1980s technique driven guitar music ("shred") he cites the imagination of Steve Vai (as well as Frank Zappa, with whom Vai played) and the passion of Yngwie Malmsteen as influences. Jazz and fusion elements are an important part of his style: he cites Joe Pass as a pivotal influence in this respect.[2]
Govan is known for his virtuoso command of the electric guitar, due to both his technical ability and proficiency in various styles. Govan’s MySpace profile lists quotes from various guitarists to this effect;[10] elsewhere, fellow virtuosos Joe Satriani and Paul Gilbert have praised Govan's playing.[11][12]
Equipment[link]
Govan mainly uses various Suhr guitars: three different Guthrie Govan Signature Model guitars, three custom Standards, a Modern 24-fret model, a Classic and Classic T.[13] He plays Vigier fretless guitar. Govan also favours Cornford amps: the sleeve notes of Erotic Cakes state he has used an RK100, MK50 and Hellcat.[1] In the last European tour of 2010 and 2011 he played Brunetti amplifiers (CustomWork Mercury 50) like his friend Dave Kilminster, and he recorded live his last CD/DVD during the Lapsus (Torino, Italy) show on the December 8th 2011.[citation needed]
On December 17, 2011 Guthrie and the Erotic Cakes band had their gear stolen after a show in Rome. Among the equipment stolen were Brunetti Mercury heads, a 1989 Warwick Streamer bass, yet-to-be-edited footage from the show played at Lapsus, Torino IT and more.[14]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Owen Edwards, Guthrie Govan Interview: The Virtuoso's Virtuoso, All Out Guitar, 30 August 2006, Accessed 8 February 2008[dead link]
- ^ a b Neville Martin, 'Guthrie Govan: Artist Interview', Guitar Techniques, November 2006, pp. 14-15
- ^ Guthrie Govan, "Guthrie Govan: Wonderful Slippery Thing", Guitar Techniques, April 2005, pp. 56-64
- ^ Creative Guitar: Cutting Edge Techniques v. 1 (Paperback), Amazon.com, Accessed 18 February 2009
- ^ Creative Guitar: Advanced Technqiues v.2: Advanced Technqiues Vol 2 (Paperback), Amazon.com, Accessed 18 February 2009
- ^ Guthrie Govan with Dizzee Rascal, Guitar Techniques, 24 Sept 2009, Accessed 25 Oct 2009
- ^ Docker's Guild official MySpace Page, Accessed 11 March 2011
- ^ a b Erotic Cakes, Cornford Records, 2006
- ^ Warren Timmis, Martin Taylor, Stanton Moore and Guthrie Govan for Bath Guitar Festival, Jazzwise, 6 July 2009, Accessed 18 October 2009
- ^ Guthrie Govan MySpace Page, Accessed 8 February 2008
- ^ Owen Edwards, Joe Satriani - Instrumental Hero - G3 2007 Update, All Out Guitar, 6 March 2007, Accessed 8 February 2008
- ^ Fall In Love With Paul Gilbert Again, MetalSucks.com, Accessed 18 October 2009
- ^ Suhr Artists: Guthrie Govan, Suhr Guitars, Accessed 8 February 2008
- ^ Full Guthrie Govan stolen gear list. http://www.musicradar.com/totalguitar/guthrie-govans-gear-stolen-in-rome-520455 http://www.myspace.com/guthriegovaneroticcakes/blog/545042663
External links[link]
- Official Guthrie Govan Web Site
- Cornford Records on Myspace Samples of the debut album
- A YouTube clip of Govan improvising Sample of his fusion-jazz style
- Another YouTube clip of Govan improvising Bluesy style showcasing Govan's string overbends to create melody
- Official Aristocrats Band Site
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||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Govan, Guthrie |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 27 December 1971 |
| Place of birth | Chelmsford, Essex |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
