Frederick Reines (March 16, 1918 – August 26, 1998) was an American physicist. He was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for his co-detection of the neutrino with Clyde Cowan in the neutrino experiment, and may be the only scientist in history "so intimately associated with the discovery of an elementary particle and the subsequent thorough investigation of its fundamental properties".

Reines was born in Paterson, New Jersey, the son of Jewish emigrants to the US from Russia and a paternal relative of the Rabbi Yitzchak Yaacov Reines, as the youngest of four children. Reines and his family moved to upstate New York, where he spent much of his childhood in a small town where his father ran a country store. Looking back, Reines said: "My early childhood memories center around this typical American country store and life in a small American town, including fourth of July celebrations marked by fireworks and patriotic music played from a pavilion bandstand."

Reines was an Eagle Scout, and also participated in singing in a chorus, performing solo roles in pieces, including Händel's Messiah. He was encouraged to take lessons with a well-known voice coach at the Metropolitan Opera, where they were provided for him free of charge, since he could not afford to pay for them.

Clyde Lorrain Cowan Jr (December 6, 1919–May 24, 1974) was the co-discoverer of the neutrino, along with Frederick Reines. The discovery was made in 1956, detected in the neutrino experiment. Frederick Reines received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 in both their names.

Born the oldest of four children in Detroit, Michigan, his family moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where he began his education attending public schools. While attending the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy in Rolla, Missouri, Cowan was Editor-in-Chief of the Missouri Miner newspaper from 1939–1940, and graduated in 1940 with a B.S. in Chemical Engineering.

Cowan was a captain in the United States Army Air Forces, where he earned a bronze star in World War II. From 1936-1940 he was in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps. Cowan joined the U.S. Army Chemical Warfare Service with the rank of Second Lieutenant when America joined World War II in 1941. In August 1942, he was transferred to Eisenhower's Eighth Air Force stationed in London, England. In 1943 he designed and built an experimental cleaning unit to be used in case of gas attack. In the following year, he joined the staff of the British Branch of the Radiation Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which was located in Great Malvern, England. In 1945 he was a liaison officer with the Royal Air Force, working to expedite transmittal of technical information and equipment. He returned to the United States in 1945, and worked at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. He left active duty in 1946.

Andrew Bernstein (born 1949) is a proponent of Ayn Rand's Objectivism, an author, and a professor of philosophy.

Bernstein holds a PhD in philosophy and is the author of The Capitalist Manifesto: The Historic, Economic, and Philosophic Case for Laissez-Faire,Capitalism Unbound: The Incontestable Case for Individual Rights and Objectivism in One Lesson, as well as a novel, Heart of a Pagan. He also authored the CliffsNotes for Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged, The Fountainhead, and Anthem, and has contributed essays to volumes such as Essays on Ayn Rand's Anthem and Essays on Ayn Rand's We the Living. His op-eds have appeared in publications such as The San Francisco Chronicle, The Chicago Tribune, The Baltimore Sun, The Atlanta Constitution, The Washington Times, The Los Angeles Daily News and The Houston Chronicle. Bernstein has lectured at Harvard University, Duke University, Yale University, Stanford University, the United States Military Academy, Founders College, the University of Southern California, and elsewhere. He currently teaches at Marist College and at SUNY Purchase where, in 2004, he was voted "Outstanding Faculty Member" by the student body. He is affiliated with the Ayn Rand Institute and the New York Heroes Society, and is known for his public defense of Objectivism and laissez faire capitalism.