• A Medal for Benny
• Academy Award
• Albert of Mainz
• Aleander
• Alexander Gauge
• And Now Tomorrow
• Andreas Karlstadt
• Augsburg Confession
• Brueck
• Cloister
• Coburg
• David Horne (actor)
• Desiderius Erasmus
• Diet of Augsburg
• Diet of Worms
• Doctor of Theology
• Eisenach
• Excommunication
• Exsurge Domine
• Flagellation
• Fred Johnson
• Frederick the Great
• Fritz Maurischat
• George Spalatin
• German language
• Gospel
• Happy Land (film)
• Henry Oscar
• Holy Roman Empire
• Hudson's Bay (film)
• Indulgence
• Internet Archive
• Irving Pichel
• Jan Hus
• Jaroslav Pelikan
• Johann Eck
• Johann Tetzel
• Johann von Staupitz
• John Eck
• John Tetzel
• Katharina Luther
• Katharina von Bora
• Larceny on the Air
• Lark
• Louis de Rochemont
• Mark Lothar
• Martin Luther
• New Testament
• Niall MacGinnis
• Nightingale
• Ninety-five theses
• O.S.S. (film)
• Orlamünde
• Paul Markwitz
• Philipp Melanchthon
• Pierre Lefevre
• Pope Julius II
• Pope Leo X
• Public house
• Relic
• Rome
• Ronald Adam (actor)
• Santa Fe (1951 film)
• She (1935 film)
• The Bride Wore Boots
• The Great Rupert
• The Man I Married
• Tomorrow Is Forever
• Vicar General
• Wartburg
• Wiesbaden
• Worms, Germany
• 
  

• 
  Rome
  Rome (/ˈroʊm/; Italian: Roma pronounced [ˈroːma] ( listen); Latin: Rōma) is a city and special comune ("Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and the capital of Lazio (Latin: Latium). With 2.8 million residents in 1,285.3 km² (496.3 sq mi), it is also the country's largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. Between 3.2 and 3.7 million people live in the Rome metropolitan area. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.
  Rome's history spans two and a half thousand years. It was the capital city of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, which was the dominant power in Western Europe and the lands bordering the Mediterranean for over seven hundred years from the 1st century BC until the 7th century AD and the city is regarded as one of the birthplaces of western civilization. Since the 1st century AD Rome has been the seat of the Papacy and, after the end of Byzantine domination, in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. In 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic.
  
  wn.com/Rome
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  Wartburg
  The Wartburg is a castle situated on a 1230-foot (410-m) precipice to the southwest of, and overlooking the town of Eisenach, in the state of Thuringia, Germany. In 1999 UNESCO added Wartburg Castle to the World Heritage List as an "Outstanding Monument of the Feudal Period in Central Europe", citing its "Cultural Values of Universal Significance".
  The castle's foundation was laid about 1068 by the Thuringian count of Schauenburg, Ludwig der Springer, a relative of the Counts of Rieneck in Franconia. Together with its larger sister castle Neuenberg in the present-day town of Freyburg, the Wartburg secured the extreme borders of his traditional territories.
  According to tradition, the castle (Burg) got its name when its founder first laid eyes on the hill upon which the castle now sits; enchanted by the site, he is supposed to have exclaimed, "Warte, Berg -- du sollst mir eine Burg werden!" ("Wait, mountain -- you shall become a castle for me!"). It is a German play on words for mountain (Berg) and fortress (Burg). In addition, Ludwig der Springer is said to have had clay from his lands transported to the top of the hill, which was not quite within his lands, so he might swear that the castle was built on his ground. In fact, the name probably derives from German: Warte, a kind of watchtower as stated in the above source.
  
  wn.com/Wartburg

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  Albert of Mainz
  Cardinal Albert of Hohenzollern (German:  Albrecht von Hohenzollern (help·info)) (28 June 1490 – 24 September 1545) was Elector and Archbishop of Mainz from 1514 to 1545, and Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1513 to 1545.
  Born in Cölln, Albert was the younger son of John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg.
  After their father's death, Albert and his older brother Joachim I Nestor became margraves of Brandenburg in 1499, but only his older brother held the title of an elector of Brandenburg. Having studied at the university of Frankfurt (Oder), Albert entered the ecclesiastical profession, and in 1513 became archbishop of Magdeburg at the age of 23 and administrator of the Diocese of Halberstadt.
  In 1514 he obtained the Electorate of Mainz, and in 1518 was made a cardinal at the age of 28. Meanwhile to pay for the pallium of the see of Mainz and to discharge the other expenses of his elevation, Albert had borrowed 21,000 ducats from Jakob Fugger, and had obtained permission from Pope Leo X to conduct the sale of indulgences in his diocese to obtain funds to repay this loan, as long as half the collection was forwarded to the Papacy. An agent of the Fuggers subsequently traveled in the Cardinal's retinue in charge of the cashbox. For this work he procured the services of John Tetzel, and so indirectly exercised a potent influence on the course of the Reformation.
  
  wn.com/Albert_of_Mainz
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  Aleander
  Girolamo Aleandro (also Hieronymus or Jerome Aleander) (13 February 1480 – 1 February 1542) was an Italian cardinal, and the first cardinal appointed in pectore.
  Born at Motta di Livenza, province of Treviso, on February 13, 1480. He studied at Venice, where he became acquainted with Erasmus and Aldus Manutius, and at an early age was reputed one of the most learned men of the time. In 1508 he went to Paris on the invitation of Louis XII as professor of belles lettres, and held for a time the position of Rector of the University of Paris. He was an early teacher of Greek at the University and edited texts by Isocrates and Plutarch printed by Gilles de Gourmont in 1509/1510. Entering the service of Eberhard, prince-bishop of Liège, he was sent by that prelate on a mission to Rome, where Pope Leo X retained him, giving him (1519) the office of librarian of the Vatican. In the following year he went to Germany to be present as papal nuncio at the coronation of Charles V, and was also present at the diet of Worms, where he headed the opposition to Luther, advocating the most extreme measures to repress the doctrines of the reformer. His conduct evoked the fiercest denunciations of Luther, but it also displeased more moderate men and especially Erasmus. The edict against the reformer, which was finally adopted by the emperor and the diet, was drawn up and proposed by Aleandro.
  
  wn.com/Aleander
• Alexander Gauge
  Alexander Gauge (29 July 1914 - 29 August 1960) was a British actor best known for playing Friar Tuck in The Adventures of Robin Hood from 1955 to 1960.
  Born in a Methodist Mission station in Wenzhou in China, Gauge was a well-known English character actor. Gauge attended school in California before moving to England. He served in the British Army in India during World War II, where he became acquainted with John Masters. He first appeared on the New York stage in 1945. He acted in many of Shakespeare's plays, and usually played villains in British films, but many considered his forte to be comedy. He was a great hit in the London stage production of The Seven Year Itch.
  Gauge appeared in the films The Interrupted Journey in 1949, and, all in 1952, Murder in the Cathedral, Mother Riley Meets the Vampire, with Old Mother Riley and Béla Lugosi, and The Pickwick Papers. He also appeared in the films Martin Luther (1953), Beau Brummell (1954), The Green Man (1956) and The Iron Petticoat (1956) starring Bob Hope. In 1955 he joined the cast of both The Scarlet Pimpernel (as George, the Prince Regent) and The Adventures of Robin Hood, as Friar Tuck, a role he played until 1960. In 1959 Gauge starred as Brigadier Wellington-Bull in the series The Adventures of Brigadier Wellington-Bull alongside Valerie Singleton.
  
  wn.com/Alexander_Gauge
• 
  Andreas Karlstadt
  Andreas Rudolph Bodenstein von Karlstadt (1486 – December 24, 1541), better known as Andreas Karlstadt or Andreas Carlstadt or Karolostadt, was a German Christian theologian during the Protestant Reformation. He was born in Karlstadt, Franconia.
  Karlstadt received his doctorate of theology in 1510 from the University of Wittenberg. Previously, Karlstadt had been educated at Erfurt and in Cologne. In the same year in which Karlstadt received his doctorate he became archdeacon and the chair of the theology department. In 1511 he became chancellor of Wittenberg university. In 1512 he awarded Martin Luther his doctorate. From 1515-16, he studied in Rome, where he obtained the double degree in canon and civil law (utriusque juris) at the Sapienza university.
  Before 1515, Karlstadt was a proponent of a modified scholasticism. He was a "secular" cleric with no official ties to any monastic order. His beliefs were challenged during his stay in Rome, where he saw large-scale corruption in the Roman Catholic Church, and on a document dated September 16, 1516 he wrote a series of 151 theses. (These should not be confused with Luther's 95 theses (1517) that attacked indulgences.)
  
  wn.com/Andreas_Karlstadt
• David Horne (actor)
  David Horne (14 July 1898 – 15 March 1970) was a British film and stage actor.
  British actor and playwright David Horne began his film career in the 1930s, after a distinguished early career in the theatre. He was generally seen portraying pompous, self-satisfied characters. He never managed to rise to the "star" level in his silver screen acting career, but he was an indispensable character actor, and played many utility parts such as desk clerks, newspaper editors, police officials, lawyers, and doctors. He continued his theatre work until his death in 1970.
  
  
  
  wn.com/David_Horne_(actor)
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  Desiderius Erasmus
  Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (October 28, 1466? – July 12, 1536), known as Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian.
  Erasmus was a classical scholar who wrote in a pure Latin style. He was an early proponent of religious toleration, and enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists"; he has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists." Using humanist techniques for working on texts, he prepared important new Latin and Greek editions of the New Testament. These raised questions that would be influential in the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation. He also wrote The Praise of Folly, Handbook of a Christian Knight, On Civility in Children, Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style, Julius Exclusus, and many other works.
  Erasmus lived through the Reformation period, but while he was critical of the Church, he did not join the cause of the Reformers. In relation to clerical abuses in the Church, Erasmus remained committed to reforming the Church from within. He also held to Catholic doctrines such as that of free will, which some Reformers rejected in favor of the doctrine of predestination. His middle road approach disappointed and even angered scholars in both camps.
  
  wn.com/Desiderius_Erasmus
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  Frederick the Great
  Frederick II (German: Friedrich II.; 24 January 1712 – 17 August 1786) was a King in Prussia (1740–1772) and a King of Prussia (1772–1786) from the Hohenzollern dynasty. In his role as a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, he was also Elector of Brandenburg. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel. He became known as Frederick the Great (Friedrich der Große) and was named Der Alte Fritz ("Old Fritz").
  Interested primarily in music and philosophy and not the arts of war during his youth, Frederick unsuccessfully attempted to flee from his authoritarian father, Frederick William I, with childhood friend Hans Hermann von Katte, whose execution he was forced to watch after they were captured. Upon ascending to the Prussian throne, he attacked Austria and claimed Silesia during the Silesian Wars, winning military acclaim for himself and Prussia. Near the end of his life, Frederick physically connected most of his realm by conquering Polish territories in the First Partition of Poland.
  
  wn.com/Frederick_the_Great
• Fritz Maurischat
  Fritz Maurischat (April 27, 1893 - December 11, 1986) was a German production designer. He made his film debut in 1924. Over the next 38 years, he worked on over 70 films, all of them in his native Germany.
  He earned an Oscar nomination in 1953 for his work on the film Martin Luther, an American film about Martin Luther made in Germany. He is also noted as the Art Director for the 1943 Nazi propaganda film Titanic.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Fritz_Maurischat
• Henry Oscar
  Henry Oscar (born 14 July 1891, London, England, UK – died 28 December 1969, London) was an English stage and film actor.
  Born as Henry Wale, he changed his name and began acting in 1911 and appeared in a wide range of films, including Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), Fire Over England (1937), The Four Feathers (1939), Hatter's Castle (1942), Bonnie Prince Charlie (1948), Beau Brummell (1954), The Little Hut (1957), Beyond This Place (1959), Oscar Wilde (1960), Lawrence of Arabia (1962), The Long Ships (1963) and Murder Ahoy! (1964).
  
  wn.com/Henry_Oscar
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  Irving Pichel
  Irving Pichel (June 24, 1891 – July 13, 1954) was an American actor and film director. He married Violette Wilson, daughter of Jackson Stitt Wilson, a Methodist minister and Socialist mayor of Berkeley, California. Her sister was actress Viola Barry. The Pichels had three sons, Pichel Wilson, Julian Irving, and Marlowe Agnew.
  Pichel's first work in musical theatre was as a technical director for the Bohemian Club's summer pageants at the Bohemian Grove. He was soon loaned out to Wallace Rice as the main narrator in Rice's Primavera, the Masque of Santa Barbara in 1920. Pichel achieved significant notoriety as the title character in the landmark Pasadena Playhouse production of Eugene O'Neill's play Lazarus Laughed in 1927.
  Among his most notable screen roles were the servant Sandor in Dracula's Daughter, and Fagin in the 1933 adaptation of Oliver Twist. He directed several films, including The Miracle of the Bells, Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid, and Destination Moon. His voice was heard as narrator in How Green Was My Valley, and as the voice of Jesus in the film The Great Commandment.
  
  wn.com/Irving_Pichel
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  Jan Hus
  Jan Hus (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjan ˈɦus] ( listen); c. 1369 – 6 July 1415), often referred to in English as John Hus or John Huss, was a Czech priest, philosopher, reformer, and master at Charles University in Prague. After John Wycliffe, the theorist of ecclesiastical Reformation, Hus is considered the first Church reformer (living prior to Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli).
  He is famed for having been burned at the stake for heresy against the doctrines of the Catholic Church, including those on ecclesiology, the Eucharist, and other theological topics. Hus was a key predecessor to the Protestant movement of the sixteenth century, and his teachings had a strong influence on the states of Europe, most immediately in the approval for the existence of a reformist Bohemian religious denomination, and, more than a century later, on Martin Luther himself.
  Between 1420 and 1431, the Hussite forces defeated five consecutive papal crusades against followers of Hus. Their defence and rebellion against Roman Catholics became known as the Hussite Wars. A century later, as many as 90% of inhabitants of the Czech lands were non-Catholic and followed the teachings of Hus and his successors.
  
  wn.com/Jan_Hus
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  Johann Eck
  Dr. Johann Maier von Eck (13 November 1486 – 13 February 1543) was a German Scholastic theologian and defender of Catholicism during the Protestant Reformation. It was Eck who argued that the beliefs of Martin Luther and Jan Hus were similar.
  
  
  Johann Eck was born Johann Maier at Eck (later Egg, near Memmingen, c. 70 km miles south of Augsburg) in Swabia, and derived his additional surname from his birthplace, which he himself, after 1505, always modified into Eckius or Eccius, i.e. "of Eck." His father, Michael Maier, was a peasant and bailiff, or Amtmann, of the village. The boy's education was undertaken by his uncle, Martin Maier, parish priest at Rottenburg on the river Neckar.
  At the age of twelve he entered the University of Heidelberg, which he left in the following year for Tübingen. After taking his master's degree in 1501, he began the study of theology under Johann Jakob Lempp, and studied the elements of Hebrew and political economy with Konrad Summenhart. He left Tübingen in 1501 on account of the plague and after a year at Cologne finally settled at Freiburg University, at first as a student of theology and law and later as a successful teacher where he was mentor to the prominent Anabaptist leader of Waldshut and Nikolsburg, Balthasar Hubmaier, and later retaining this relationship during their move to the University of Ingolstadt. In 1508 he entered the priesthood in Strasbourg and two years later obtained his doctorate in theology.
  
  wn.com/Johann_Eck
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  Johann Tetzel
  Johann Tetzel (1465 in Pirna – 11 August 1519) was a German Dominican preacher known for selling indulgences.
  Tetzel was born in Pirna, Saxony, and studied theology and philosophy at the university of his native city.^{[dubious – discuss]} He entered the Dominican order in 1489, achieved some success as a preacher, and was in 1502 commissioned by the pope to preach the Jubilee (Christian) indulgence, which he did throughout his life. In 1509 he was made an inquisitor of Poland, and in 1517 Pope Leo X made him commissioner of indulgences for all of Germany.
  He acquired the degree of Licentiate of Sacred Theology in the University of Frankfurt an der Oder, 1517, and that of Doctor of Sacred Theology, 1518, by defending, in two disputations, the doctrine of indulgences against Luther. The accusation that he sold full forgiveness for sins not yet committed, caused great scandal; Martin Luther considered his actions evil, and began to preach openly against him.
  In 1517, it was believed that all of the money that Tetzel was trying to raise was for the ongoing reconstruction of St. Peter's Basilica, though half the money went towards helping the Archbishop of Mainz, Albert of Brandenburg, under whose authority Tetzel was operating, to pay off the debts he had incurred in securing the agreement of the Pope to his acquisition of the Archbishopric. Luther was inspired to write his Ninety-Five Theses, in part, due to Tetzel's actions during this period of time, in which he states,
  
  wn.com/Johann_Tetzel
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  John Eck
  Dr. Johann Maier von Eck (13 November 1486 – 13 February 1543) was a German Scholastic theologian and defender of Catholicism during the Protestant Reformation. It was Eck who argued that the beliefs of Martin Luther and Jan Hus were similar.
  
  
  Johann Eck was born Johann Maier at Eck (later Egg, near Memmingen, c. 70 km miles south of Augsburg) in Swabia, and derived his additional surname from his birthplace, which he himself, after 1505, always modified into Eckius or Eccius, i.e. "of Eck." His father, Michael Maier, was a peasant and bailiff, or Amtmann, of the village. The boy's education was undertaken by his uncle, Martin Maier, parish priest at Rottenburg on the river Neckar.
  At the age of twelve he entered the University of Heidelberg, which he left in the following year for Tübingen. After taking his master's degree in 1501, he began the study of theology under Johann Jakob Lempp, and studied the elements of Hebrew and political economy with Konrad Summenhart. He left Tübingen in 1501 on account of the plague and after a year at Cologne finally settled at Freiburg University, at first as a student of theology and law and later as a successful teacher where he was mentor to the prominent Anabaptist leader of Waldshut and Nikolsburg, Balthasar Hubmaier, and later retaining this relationship during their move to the University of Ingolstadt. In 1508 he entered the priesthood in Strasbourg and two years later obtained his doctorate in theology.
  
  wn.com/John_Eck
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  John Tetzel
  Johann Tetzel (1465 in Pirna – 11 August 1519) was a German Dominican preacher known for selling indulgences.
  Tetzel was born in Pirna, Saxony, and studied theology and philosophy at the university of his native city.^{[dubious – discuss]} He entered the Dominican order in 1489, achieved some success as a preacher, and was in 1502 commissioned by the pope to preach the Jubilee (Christian) indulgence, which he did throughout his life. In 1509 he was made an inquisitor of Poland, and in 1517 Pope Leo X made him commissioner of indulgences for all of Germany.
  He acquired the degree of Licentiate of Sacred Theology in the University of Frankfurt an der Oder, 1517, and that of Doctor of Sacred Theology, 1518, by defending, in two disputations, the doctrine of indulgences against Luther. The accusation that he sold full forgiveness for sins not yet committed, caused great scandal; Martin Luther considered his actions evil, and began to preach openly against him.
  In 1517, it was believed that all of the money that Tetzel was trying to raise was for the ongoing reconstruction of St. Peter's Basilica, though half the money went towards helping the Archbishop of Mainz, Albert of Brandenburg, under whose authority Tetzel was operating, to pay off the debts he had incurred in securing the agreement of the Pope to his acquisition of the Archbishopric. Luther was inspired to write his Ninety-Five Theses, in part, due to Tetzel's actions during this period of time, in which he states,
  
  wn.com/John_Tetzel
• 
  Katharina Luther
  Katharina von Bora, referred to as "die Lutherin", (January 29, 1499 – December 20, 1552) was the wife of Martin Luther, German leader of the Protestant Reformation. Beyond what is found in the writings of Luther and some of his contemporaries, little is known about her. Despite this, Katharina is often considered one of the most important participants of the Reformation because of her role in helping to define Protestant family life and setting the tone for clergy marriages.
  Katharina von Bora was daughter to a family of Saxon landed gentry. According to common belief, she was born on 29 January 1499; however, there is no evidence of this date from contemporary documents. Due to the various lineages within the family and the uncertainty towards Katharina's birth name, there were and are diverging conceptions about her place of birth.
  Over a long period of time, the manor of Lippendorf near Leipzig was strongly presumed to be her birthplace. The genealogical specialist literature still argues in favour of this presumption.
  
  wn.com/Katharina_Luther
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  Katharina von Bora
  Katharina von Bora, referred to as "die Lutherin", (January 29, 1499 – December 20, 1552) was the wife of Martin Luther, German leader of the Protestant Reformation. Beyond what is found in the writings of Luther and some of his contemporaries, little is known about her. Despite this, Katharina is often considered one of the most important participants of the Reformation because of her role in helping to define Protestant family life and setting the tone for clergy marriages.
  Katharina von Bora was daughter to a family of Saxon landed gentry. According to common belief, she was born on 29 January 1499; however, there is no evidence of this date from contemporary documents. Due to the various lineages within the family and the uncertainty towards Katharina's birth name, there were and are diverging conceptions about her place of birth.
  Over a long period of time, the manor of Lippendorf near Leipzig was strongly presumed to be her birthplace. The genealogical specialist literature still argues in favour of this presumption.
  
  wn.com/Katharina_von_Bora
• Louis de Rochemont
  Louis de Rochemont (January 13, 1899 – December 23, 1978) was an American film maker known for creating, along with Roy E. Larsen from Time, Inc., the monthly theatrically shown newsreels The March of Time. His brother Richard de Rochemont was also a producer and writer on The March of Time.
  The newsreels defined film news from 1935 to 1951. The 20-minute films, which combined filmed news with interpretive interviews and dramatizations, appeared between featured films in theaters.
  When he moved from newsreels to feature films, de Rochemont chose to produce films based on real stories in actual locations, often with locals in the cast. After three spy films that helped define film noir, including The House on 92nd Street (1945), he produced a wide array of feature films such as the semi-documentary Boomerang (1947). He has been called the "father of the docu-drama." His early documentary productions won two Academy Awards. He also produced Windjammer (1958) and The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1962).
  
  wn.com/Louis_de_Rochemont
• Mark Lothar
  Mark Lothar [ló:tar] (born Lothar Hundertmark, 23 May 1902, Berlin – 6 April 1985, Munich) was a German composer.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Mark_Lothar
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  Martin Luther
   Martin Luther (help·info) (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German monk, priest, professor of theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the Emperor.
  Luther taught that salvation is not earned by good deeds but received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority of the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood. Those who identify with Luther's teachings are called Lutherans.
  
  wn.com/Martin_Luther
• Niall MacGinnis
  Niall MacGinnis (29 March 1913 – 6 January 1977) was an Irish actor who made 80 screen appearances.
  MacGinnis was born in Dublin in 1913. He was educated at Stonyhurst College in England, and studied medicine at Dublin University. He qualified as a house surgeon. During World War II, MacGinnis served as surgeon in the Royal Navy.
  In 1941, MacGinnis played a not-very-dedicated Nazi sailor in the British war film 49th Parallel with Laurence Olivier, Leslie Howard, Eric Portman and Raymond Massey. He portrayed Captain MacMorris in Olivier's 1944 version of Henry V and the title character in the 1953 film Martin Luther. In 1957, he played the villainous Julian Karswell opposite American actor Dana Andrews in the British horror film Night of the Demon (released in the United States as Curse of the Demon). He also played Zeus opposite Honor Blackman's Hera in Jason and the Argonauts (1963) and had a supporting role in John Huston's film The Kremlin Letter (1969).
  Once while returning to Holyhead, Wales from Ireland during the Second World War, MacGinnis was stopped by police and searched. They thought they had captured a German spy when they found a picture in his wallet showing him in a German uniform standing next to a U-boat. He was arrested. MacGinnis was not released until documents were produced that proved he had actually been acting in 49th Parallel.^{[citation needed]}
  
  wn.com/Niall_MacGinnis
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  Philipp Melanchthon
  Philipp Melanchthon (February 16, 1497 – April 19, 1560), born Philipp Schwartzerdt, was a German reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and molder of Protestantism. As much as Luther, he is the primary founder of Lutheranism. They both denounced what they claimed was the exaggerated cult of the saints, justification by works, and the coercion of the conscience in the sacrament of penance that nevertheless could not offer certainty of salvation. Melanchthon made the distinction between law and gospel the central formula for Lutheran evangelical insight. By the "law" he meant God's requirements both in Old and New Testament; the "gospel" meant the free gift of grace through faith in Jesus Christ.
  He was born Philipp Schwartzerdt (of which "Melanchthon" is a Greek translation) on 16 February 1497, at Bretten, near Karlsruhe, where his father Georg Schwarzerdt was armorer to Philip, Count Palatine of the Rhine. His birthplace was demolished in 1689 and the town's Melanchthonhaus built on its site in 1897.
  
  wn.com/Philipp_Melanchthon
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  Pope Julius II
  Pope Julius II (5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513), nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" (Il Papa Terribile) and "The Warrior Pope" (Il Papa Guerriero), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. His papacy was marked by an active foreign policy, ambitious building projects, and patronage for the arts.
  There is disagreement about Julius' date of birth. Some sources put his birth as late as 1453. Giuliano della Rovere was the son of Rafaello della Rovere brother of Pope Sixtus IV and of Theodora Manerola, a lady of Greek extraction. Giuliano was an altar boy of his uncle Pope Sixtus IV (Francesco della Rovere). He was educated among the Franciscans by his uncle, who took him under his special charge and later sent him to a convent in La Pérouse with the purpose of obtaining knowledge of the sciences. However, he does not appear to have joined the order of St. Francis, but rather remained a member of the secular clergy until his elevation to bishop of Carpentras, France, in 1471; very shortly after his uncle succeeded to the papal chair.
  
  wn.com/Pope_Julius_II
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  Pope Leo X
  Pope Leo X (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521), born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, was the Pope from 1513 to his death in 1521. He was the last non-priest (only a deacon) to be elected Pope. He is known for granting indulgences for those who donated to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica and his challenging of Martin Luther's 95 Theses. He was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici, the most famous ruler of the Florentine Republic, and Clarice Orsini. His cousin, Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, would later succeed him as Pope Clement VII (1523–34).
  Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici was born in Italy, the second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, head of the Florentine Republic, and Clarice Orsini.
  From an very early age, he was destined for an ecclesiastical career. He received the tonsure at the age of seven and was soon loaded with rich benefices and preferments. His father prevailed on his relative Innocent VIII to name him cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica on 8 March 1489, although he was not allowed to wear the insignia or share in the deliberations of the college until three years later. Meanwhile he received a distinguished education at Lorenzo's brilliant humanistic court under such men as Angelo Poliziano, Pico della Mirandola, Marsilio Ficino and Bernardo Dovizio Bibbiena. From 1489 to 1491 he studied theology and canon law at Pisa under Filippo Decio and Bartolomeo Sozzini.
  
  wn.com/Pope_Leo_X
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  Ronald Adam (actor)
  Ronald Adam OBE (31 December 1896 – 28 March 1979), born Ronald George Hinings Adams, was a British RAF officer, an actor on stage and screen and a successful theatre manager.
  Ronald George Hinings Adams was born in Bromyard, Worcestershire on 31 December, 1896, the son of Blake Adams and his wife Mona Robin. His parents and grandparents were all in the theatrical profession. He was educated at University College School.
  When still only 17 years old Adams volunteered to join the British Army on the outbreak of the First World War. On 2 December, 1914 he was commissioned as a temporary Second Lieutenant in the 15th (reserve) battalion of the Middlesex Regiment. He then transferred to the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) as an observer and undertook pilot training. Adams then served with No. 18 Squadron and flew Sopwith Camels with No. 44 Squadron on home defence duties. He then joined No.73 Squadron, also flying Sopwith Camels in France. On 7 April 1918 he was shot down near Villers-Bretonneux in Northern France, either by Hans Kirschstein, or possibly Manfred von Richthofen. Adams was wounded and captured and on the evening of his aerial defeat was visited by a German orderly who gave him von Richthofen's compliments. Ronald Adams spent eight months in hospitals and prison camps before he was re-repatriated on 17 December 1918.
  
  wn.com/Ronald_Adam_(actor)

• Daily Bread
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• Rise
• Sleep Walking
• Growing Pains
• Liquid Sunshine
• Lust
• Truth or Dare
• The I.R.S.
• Rebel Soul Music
• Ms. America
• NYCG
• Muse Sick Dreamz
• Prodigal Sun

• German Hymn Mass: Kyrie (Westfälische Kantorei feat. conductor: Wilhelm Ehmann)
• German Hymn Mass: Gloria (Westfälische Kantorei feat. conductor: Wilhelm Ehmann)
• German Hymn Mass: Credo (Westfälische Kantorei feat. conductor: Wilhelm Ehmann)
• German Hymn Mass: Sanctus (Westfälische Kantorei feat. conductor: Wilhelm Ehmann)
• German Hymn Mass: Agnus Dei (Westfälische Kantorei feat. conductor: Wilhelm Ehmann)
• German Hymn Mass: Te Deum laudamus (Westfälische Kantorei feat. conductor: Wilhelm Ehmann)
• German Hymn Mass: Da pacem (Westfälische Kantorei feat. conductor: Wilhelm Ehmann)
• Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott (Westfälische Kantorei feat. conductor: Wilhelm Ehmann)
• Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort (Westfälische Kantorei feat. conductor: Wilhelm Ehmann)
• Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ (Motettenchor St. Matthäus feat. conductor: Hans Rudolf Zöbeley
• Christ lag in Todesbanden (Motettenchor St. Matthäus feat. conductor: Hans Rudolf Zöbeley
• Es woll uns Gott genädig sein (Motettenchor St. Matthäus feat. conductor: Hans Rudolf Zöbeley
• Nun freut euch, lieben Christen (Motettenchor St. Matthäus feat. conductor: Hans Rudolf Zöbeley)
• Vater unser im Himmelreich (Motettenchor St. Matthäus feat. conductor: Hans Rudolf Zöbeley)

Born: 1483-11-10

Died: 1546-02-18

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• timeline:
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