The Honourable Usain St. Leo Bolt, OJ, C.D. (
/ˈjuːseɪn/;[8] born 21 August 1986), is a Jamaican sprinter and a five-time World and three-time Olympic gold medalist. He is the world record and Olympic record holder in the 100 metres, the 200 metres and (along with his teammates) the 4×100 metres relay. He is the reigning Olympic champion in these three events, and is one of only seven athletes (along with Valerie Adams, Veronica Campbell-Brown, Jacques Freitag, Yelena Isinbayeva, Jana Pittman, Dani Samuels) to win world championships at the youth, junior, and senior level of an athletic event.
Bolt won a 200 m gold medal at the 2002 World Junior Championships, making him the competition's youngest-ever gold medalist at the time (since surpassed by Jacko Gill). In 2004, at the CARIFTA Games, he became the first junior sprinter to run the 200 m in less than 20 seconds with a time of 19.93 s,[9] breaking the previous world junior record held by Roy Martin by two-tenths of a second. He turned professional in 2004, and although he competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics, he missed most of the next two seasons due to injuries. In 2007, he broke Don Quarrie's 200 m Jamaican record with a run of 19.75 s.
His 2008 season began with his first world record performance—a 100 m world record of 9.72 s—and culminated in world and Olympic records in both the 100 m and 200 m events at the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. He ran 9.69 s for the 100 m and 19.30 s in the 200 m, and also set a 4×100 m relay record of 37.10 s with the Jamaican team. This made him the first man to win three sprinting events at a single Olympics since Carl Lewis in 1984, and the first man to set world records in all three at a single Olympics. The following year he further lowered his own 100 m and 200 m world records to 9.58 s and 19.19 s respectively at the 2009 World Championships.[10] This made him the first man to hold both the 100 and 200 m world and Olympic titles at the same time.
His 2009 record breaking margin over 100 m is the highest since the start of digital time measurements.[11] His achievements in sprinting have earned him the media nickname "Lightning Bolt",[12] and awards including the IAAF World Athlete of the Year, Track & Field Athlete of the Year, and Laureus Sportsman of the Year.
Bolt was born on 21 August 1986 in Sherwood Content,[13] a small town in Trelawny, Jamaica, and grew up with his parents, Wellesley and Jennifer Bolt, his brother Sadeeki,[14] and his sister Sherine.[2][15] His parents ran the local grocery store in the rural area, and Bolt spent his time playing cricket and football in the street with his brother,[16] later saying, "When I was young, I didn’t really think about anything other than sports".[17]
As a child, he attended Waldensia Primary and All-age School, and it was here that he first began to show his sprinting potential, running in the annual national primary-schools' meeting for his parish.[12] By the age of twelve, Bolt had become the school's fastest runner over the 100 metres distance.[18]
Upon his entry to William Knibb Memorial High School, Bolt continued to focus on other sports, but his cricket coach noticed Bolt's speed on the pitch and urged him to try track and field events.[19] Pablo McNeil, a former Olympic sprint athlete,[20] and Dwayne Barrett coached Bolt, encouraging him to focus his energy on improving his athletic abilities. The school had a history of success in athletics with past students, including sprinter Michael Green.[12] Bolt won his first annual high school championships medal in 2001, taking the silver medal in the 200 metres with a time of 22.04 seconds.[12] McNeil soon became his primary coach, and the two enjoyed a positive partnership, although McNeil was occasionally frustrated by Bolt's lack of dedication to his training and his predisposition to practical jokes.[20]
Performing for Jamaica in his first Caribbean regional event, Bolt clocked a personal best of 48.28 s in the 400 metres in the 2001 CARIFTA Games, winning a silver medal. The 200 m also yielded a silver as Bolt finished in 21.81 s.[21]
He made his first appearance on the world stage at the 2001 IAAF World Youth Championships in Debrecen, Hungary. Running in the 200 m event, he failed to qualify for the finals, but he still set a new personal best of 21.73 s.[22] Bolt still did not take athletics or himself too seriously, however, and he took his mischievousness to new heights by hiding in the back of a van when he was supposed to be preparing for the 200 m finals at the CARIFTA Trials. He was detained by the police for his practical joke, and there was an outcry from the local community, which blamed coach McNeil for the incident.[20] However, the controversy subsided, and both McNeil and Bolt went to the CARIFTA Games, where Bolt set championship records in the 200 m and 400 m with times of 21.12 s and 47.33 s, respectively.[21] He continued to set records with 20.61 s and 47.12 s finishes at the Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships.[23]
Former Prime Minister P. J. Patterson recognised Bolt's talent and arranged for him to move to Kingston, along with Jermaine Gonzales, so he could train with the Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association (JAAA) at the University of Technology, Jamaica.[20]
The 2002 World Junior Championships before a home crowd in Kingston, Jamaica, gave Bolt a chance to prove his credentials on the world stage. By the age of 15, he had grown to 1.96 metres (6 ft 5 in) tall, and he physically stood out amongst his peers.[12] He won the 200 m, in a time of 20.61 s,[24] 0.03 seconds slower than his personal best of 20.58 s set in the 1st round.[25] Bolt's 200 m win made him the youngest world-junior gold medalist ever.[26] The expectation from the home crowd had made him so nervous that he had put his shoes on the wrong feet. However, it turned out to be a revelatory experience for Bolt as he vowed never again to let himself be affected by pre-race nerves.[27] As a member of the Jamaican sprint relay team, he also took two silver medals and set national junior records in the 4×100 metres and 4×400 metres relay, running times of 39.15 s and 3:04.06 minutes respectively.[28][29]
The flow of medals continued as he won four gold medals at the 2003 CARIFTA Games, and was awarded the Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the games.[30][31][32] He won another gold at the 2003 World Youth Championships. He set a new championship record in the 200 m with a time of 20.40 s, despite a 1.1 m/s head wind.[33] Michael Johnson, the 200 m world-record holder, took note of Bolt's potential but worried that the young sprinter might be over-pressured, stating, "It's all about what he does three, four, five years down the line".[34] Bolt had also impressed the athletics hierarchy, and he received the IAAF Rising Star Award for 2002.[35]
Bolt turned his main focus to the 200 m and equalled Roy Martin's world junior record of 20.13 s at the Pan-American Junior Championships.[12][36] This performance attracted interest from the press, and his times in the 200 m and 400 m led to him being touted as a possible successor to Johnson. Indeed, at sixteen years old, Bolt had reached times that Johnson did not register until he was twenty, and Bolt's 200 m time was superior to Maurice Greene's season's best that year.[34]
In his final Jamaican High School Championships in 2003, he broke both the 200 m and 400 m records with times of 20.25 s and 45.30 s, respectively. Bolt's runs were a significant improvement upon the previous records, beating the 200 m best by more than half a second and the 400 m record by almost a second.[12]
Bolt was growing more popular in his homeland. Howard Hamilton, who was given the task of Public Defender by the government, urged the JAAA to nurture him and prevent burnout, calling Bolt "the most phenomenal sprinter ever produced by this island".[34] His popularity and the attractions of the capital city were beginning to be a burden to the young sprinter. Bolt was increasingly unfocused on his athletic career and preferred to eat fast food, play basketball, and party in Kingston's club scene. In the absence of a disciplined lifestyle, he became ever-more reliant on his natural ability to beat his competitors on the track.[37]
As the reigning 200 m champion at both the World Youth and World Junior championships, Bolt hoped to take a clean sweep of the world 200 m championships in the Senior World Championships in Paris.[12] Bolt beat all comers at the 200 m in the World Championship trials, but he was pragmatic about his chances and noted that, even if he did not make the final, he would consider setting a personal best a success.[34][38] However, he suffered a bout of conjunctivitis before the event, and it ruined his training schedule.[12] Realising he would not be in peak condition, the JAAA refused to let him participate in the finals on the grounds that he was too young and inexperienced. Bolt was dismayed at missing out on the opportunity, but focused on getting himself in shape to gain a place on the Jamaican Olympic team instead.[38] Even though he missed the World Championships, Bolt was awarded the IAAF Rising Star Award for the 2003 season on the strength of his junior record-equalling run.[35]
Under the guidance of new coach Fitz Coleman, Bolt turned professional in 2004, beginning with the CARIFTA Games in Bermuda.[12] He became the first junior sprinter to run the 200 m in under twenty seconds, taking the world junior record outright with a time of 19.93 s.[12][26] For the second time in the role, he was awarded the Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the 2004 CARIFTA Games.[39][30][31] A hamstring injury in May ruined Bolt's chances of competing in the 2004 World Junior Championships, but he was still chosen for the Jamaican Olympic squad.[40] Bolt headed to the 2004 Athens Olympics with confidence and a new record on his side. However, he was hampered by a leg injury and was eliminated in the first round of the 200 metres with a disappointing time of 21.05 s.[1][41] American colleges offered Bolt track scholarships on the strength of his performances, but the teenager from Trelawny refused them all, stating that he was content to stay in his homeland of Jamaica.[15] Bolt instead chose the surroundings of the University of Technology, Jamaica, as his professional training ground, staying with the university's primitive track and weight room that had served him well in his amateur years.[42]
Bolt at the Crystal Palace Meeting in 2007
The year 2005 signalled a fresh start for Bolt in the form of a new coach, Glen Mills, and a new attitude to athletics. Mills recognised Bolt's potential and aimed to cease the sprinter's unprofessional approach to the sport.[41] Bolt began training with Mills in preparation for the upcoming athletics season, partnering with more-seasoned sprinters such as Kim Collins and Dwain Chambers.[43] The year began well, and in July he knocked more than a third of a second off the 200 m CAC Championship record with a run of 20.03 s,[44] then registered his 200 m season's best at London's Crystal Palace, running in 19.99 s.[1] Misfortune awaited Bolt at the next major event, the 2005 World Championships in Helsinki. Bolt felt that both his work ethic and athleticism had much improved since the 2004 Olympics, and he saw the World Championships as a way to live up to expectations, stating, "I really want to make up for what happened in Athens. Hopefully, everything will fall into place".[45] Bolt qualified with runs under 21 s, but he suffered an injury in the final, finishing in last place with a time of 26.27 s.[41][46] Injuries were preventing him from completing a full professional athletics season, and the eighteen-year-old Bolt still had not proven his mettle in the major world-athletics competitions.[47] Bolt was involved in a car accident in November, and although he suffered only minor facial lacerations, his training schedule was further upset.[48][49] His manager, Norman Peart, made Bolt's training less intensive, and he had fully recuperated the following week.[48] Bolt had continued to improve his performances, and he reached the world top-5 rankings in 2005 and 2006.[12] Peart and Mills stated their intentions to push Bolt to do longer sprinting distances with the aim of making the 400 m event his primary event by 2007 or 2008. Bolt was less enthusiastic, and demanded that he feel comfortable in his sprinting.[48][50] He suffered another hamstring injury in March 2006, forcing him to withdraw from the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, and he did not return to track events until May.[51] After his recovery, Bolt was given new training exercises to improve flexibility, and the plans to move him up to the 400 m event were put on hold.[47]
Upon his return to competition, the 200 m remained his primary event, and he beat Justin Gatlin's meet record in Ostrava, Czech Republic. Bolt had aspired to run under twenty seconds to claim a season's best but, despite the fact that bad weather had impaired his run, he was happy to end the meeting with just the victory.[52] However, a sub-20-second finish was soon his, as he set a new personal best of 19.88 s at the 2006 Athletissima Grand Prix in Lausanne, Switzerland, finishing behind Xavier Carter and Tyson Gay to earn a bronze medal.[53] Bolt had focused his athletics aims, stating that 2006 was a year to gain experience. Also, he was more keen on competing over longer distances, setting his sights on running regularly in both 200 m and 400 m events within the next two years.[52] Bolt claimed his first major world medal two months later at the IAAF World Athletics Final in Stuttgart, Germany. He passed the finishing post with a time of 20.10 s, gaining a bronze medal in the process.[1] The IAAF World Cup in Athens, Greece, yielded Bolt's first senior international silver medal.[1] Wallace Spearmon from the United States won gold with a championship record time of 19.87 s, beating Bolt's respectable time of 19.96 s.[54] Further 200 m honours on both the regional and international stages awaited Bolt in 2007. The young Jamaican yearned to run in the 100 metres, but coach Mills diverted his attention, stating that he could run the shorter distance if he broke the 200 m national record.[41] In the Jamaican Championships, he ran 19.75 s in the 200 m, breaking the 36-year-old Jamaican record held by Don Quarrie by 0.11 s.[12][15]
Mills complied with Bolt's demand to run in the 100 m, and he was entered to run the event at the 23rd Vardinoyiannia meeting in Rethymno, Crete. In his debut tournament run, he set a personal best of 10.03 s, winning the gold medal and feeding his enthusiasm for the event.[15][55]
Bolt (second from left) behind Gay in the closing stages of the 200 m race
Bolt (left) on the podium with his silver medal from the 200 m race in
Osaka (2007)
He built on this achievement at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka, Japan, winning a silver medal.[1] Bolt recorded 19.91 s with a headwind of 0.8 m/s but this paled in comparison with Tyson Gay's time of 19.76 s, which set a new championship record.[56]
The Jamaican national record fell when Bolt partnered with Asafa Powell, Marvin Anderson, and Nesta Carter in the 4×100 metres relay. However, their finish in 37.89 s was not enough to beat the Americans' time of 37.78 s.[57] Bolt did not win any gold medals at the major tournaments in 2007, but Mills felt that Bolt's technique was much improved, pinpointing improvements in Bolt's balance at the turns over 200 m and an increase in his stride frequency, giving him more driving power on the track.[41]
The silver medals from the 2007 Osaka World Championships boosted Bolt's desire to run, and he took a more serious, more mature stance towards his career.[19] Bolt continued to develop in the 100 m, and he entered to run in the event at the Jamaica Invitational in Kingston. On 3 May 2008, Bolt ran a time of 9.76 s, aided by a tail wind of 1.8 m/s, considerably improving upon his previous personal best of 10.03 s.[58] This was the second-fastest legal performance in the history of the event; second only to compatriot Asafa Powell's 9.74 s record set the previous year in Rieti, Italy.[59] Rival Tyson Gay lauded the performance, praising Bolt's form and technique especially.[60] Michael Johnson, who was observing the race, said that he was shocked at how quickly he had improved over the 100 m distance.[61] The Jamaican surprised even himself with the time, but coach Glen Mills remained confident that there was more to come.[60]
Mills' prediction came true before the end of the month when Bolt established a new 100 m world record on 31 May 2008. Pushed on by a tail wind of 1.7 m/s, Bolt ran 9.72 s at the Reebok Grand Prix held in the Icahn Stadium in New York City, breaking Powell's record.[62] The record time was even more remarkable in light of the fact that it was only his fifth senior run over the distance.[63] Gay again finished second and commended Bolt's physical superiority, stating, "It looked like his knees were going past my face".[15] Commentators noted that Bolt appeared to have gained a psychological advantage over fellow Olympic contender Gay.[41]
In June 2008, Bolt responded to claims that he was a lazy athlete, saying that the comments were unjustified, and he trained hard to achieve his potential. However, he surmised that such comments stemmed from his lack of enthusiasm for the 400 metres event, and chose to not make the effort to train for distance running.[64] Turning his efforts to the 200 m, Bolt proved that he could excel in multiple events—first setting the world-leading time in Ostrava, then breaking the national record for the second time with a 19.67 s finish in Athens, Greece.[65][66] Although Mills still preferred that Bolt focus on the longer distances, the acceptance of Bolt's demand to run in the 100 m worked for both sprinter and trainer. Bolt was more focused in practice, and a training schedule to boost his top speed and his stamina, in preparation for the Olympics, had improved both his 100 m and 200 m times.[15][67][68] His confidence was building, and he was sure that he would perform well in the upcoming Olympics.[65]
Bolt announced that he would double-up with the 100 metres and 200 metres events at the Beijing Summer Olympics, and the new 100 m world-record holder was the favourite to win both.[69][70] Michael Johnson, the 200 m and 400 m record holder, personally backed the sprinter, saying that he did not believe that a lack of experience would work against him.[71] Bolt qualified for the 100 m final with times of 9.92 s and 9.85 s in the quarter-finals and semifinals, respectively.[72][73][74]
Bolt held a considerable lead over his rivals in the closing stages of the 100 m final.
In the Olympic 100 m final, Bolt broke new ground, winning in 9.69 s (unofficially 9.683 s) with a reaction time of 0.165 s.[75] This was an improvement upon his own world record, and he was well ahead of second-place finisher Richard Thompson, who finished in 9.89 s.[76] Not only was the record set without a favourable wind (+0.0 m/s), but he also visibly slowed down to celebrate before he finished and his shoelace was untied.[77][78][79] Bolt's coach reported that, based upon the speed of Bolt's opening 60 m, he could have finished with a time of 9.52 s.[80] After scientific analysis of Bolt's run by the Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics at the University of Oslo, Hans Eriksen and his colleagues also predicted a sub 9.60 s time. Considering factors such as Bolt's position, acceleration and velocity in comparison with second-place-finisher Thompson, the team estimated that Bolt could have finished in 9.55±0.04 s had he not slowed to celebrate before the finishing line.[81][82]
Bolt stated that setting a record was not a priority for him, and that his goal was just to win the gold medal, Jamaica's first of the 2008 Games.[83] Olympic medalist Kriss Akabusi construed Bolt's chest slapping before the finish line as showboating, noting that the actions cost Bolt an even faster record time.[84] IOC president Jacques Rogge also condemned the Jamaican's actions as disrespectful.[85][86] Bolt denied that this was the purpose of his celebration by saying, "I wasn't bragging. When I saw I wasn't covered, I was just happy".[87] Lamine Diack, president of the IAAF, supported Bolt and said that his celebration was appropriate given the circumstances of his victory. Jamaican government minister Edmund Bartlett also defended Bolt's actions, stating, "We have to see it in the glory of their moment and give it to them. We have to allow the personality of youth to express itself".[88]
Bolt leads the field in the closing stages of the 200 m final
Bolt then focused on attaining a gold medal in the 200 m event, aiming to emulate Carl Lewis' double win in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.[89] Michael Johnson felt that Bolt would easily win gold but believed that his own world record of 19.32 s set at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta would remain intact at the Olympics.[90] Bolt eased through the first and second rounds of the 200 m, jogging towards the end of his run both times.[91] He won his semifinal and progressed to the final as the favourite to win.[92] Retired Jamaican sprinter Don Quarrie praised Bolt, saying he was confident that Johnson's record could be beaten.[35] The following day, at the final, he won Jamaica's fourth gold of the Games, setting a new world and Olympic record of 19.30 s.[93] Johnson's record fell despite the fact that Bolt was impeded by a 0.9 m/s headwind. The feat made him the first sprinter since Quarrie to hold both 100 m and 200 m world records simultaneously and the first since the introduction of electronic timing.[93][94] Furthermore, Bolt became the first sprinter to break both records at the same Olympics.[95] Unlike in the 100 m final, Bolt sprinted hard all the way to the finishing line in the 200 m race, even dipping his chest to improve his time.[96] Following the race, "Happy Birthday" was played over the stadium's sound system as his 22nd birthday would begin at midnight.[96]
Two days later, Bolt ran as the third leg in the Jamaican 4x100 metres relay team, increasing his gold medal total to three.[97] Along with teammates Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, and Asafa Powell, Bolt broke another world and Olympic record, their 37.10 s finish breaking the previous record by three tenths of a second.[98] Powell, who anchored the team to the finishing line, lamented the loss of his 100 m record to Bolt but showed no animosity towards his Jamaican rival, stating that he was delighted to help him set his third world record.[99] Following his victories, Bolt donated US$50,000 to the children of the Sichuan province of China to help those harmed by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.[100]
Bolt's record-setting runs caused commentators not only to praise his achievements but also to speculate about his potential to become one of the most successful sprinters ever.[17][101] Critics hailed his Olympic success as a new beginning for a sport that had long suffered through high-profile drug scandals.[63][102][dead link] The previous six years had seen the BALCO scandal, Tim Montgomery and Justin Gatlin stripped of their 100 m world records, and Marion Jones returning three Olympic gold medals.[103] All three sprinters were disqualified from athletics after drugs tests detected banned substances in their systems.[104][105] Bolt's record-breaking performances caused suspicion among some commentators, including Victor Conte, and the lack of an independent Caribbean anti-doping federation raised more concerns.[106][107] The accusations of drug use were vehemently rejected by Glen Mills (Bolt's coach) and Herb Elliott (the Jamaican athletics team doctor). Elliott, a member of the IAAF anti-doping commission, urged those concerned about the issue to "come down and see our programme, come down and see our testing, we have nothing to hide".[108] Mills had been equally ardent that Bolt was a clean athlete, declaring to the Jamaica Gleaner: "We will test any time, any day, any part of the body...[he] doesn't even like to take vitamins".[109] Bolt stated that he had been tested four times prior to the Olympics, and all had tested negative for banned substances. He also welcomed anti-doping authorities to test him to prove that he was clean, stating, "We work hard and we perform well and we know we're clean".[110]
| “ |
I was slowing down long before the finish and wasn't tired at all. I could have gone back to the start and done it all over again. |
” |
|
—Usain Bolt's thoughts on his 100m sprint at the 2008 Olympics, published in his autobiography Usain Bolt 9.58[111]
|
The end of the 2008 athletics season saw Bolt compete in the ÅF Golden League, beginning in Weltklasse Zürich. Despite having the slowest start among his competitors in the 100 m race, he still crossed the finishing line in 9.83 s.[112] Even though the time was slower than both his newly set world record and Asafa Powell's track record, it was still among the top-fifteen 100 m finishes by any sprinter to that date.[77] Bolt admitted that he was not running at full strength, suffering from a cold, but he had concentrated on both winning the race and finishing the season in good health.[112] At the Super Grand Prix final in Lausanne, Bolt ran his second-fastest 200 m with a time of 19.63 s, equalling Xavier Carter's track record.[113] However, it was the 100 m final, featuring Asafa Powell, that drew the most interest. Powell had moved closer to Bolt's world record after setting a new personal best of 9.72 s, reaffirming his status as Bolt's main contender.[114] Bolt's final event of the season came three days later at the Golden League final in Brussels. This was the first 100 m race featuring both Bolt and Powell since the final in the Olympics. Both Jamaicans broke the track record, but Bolt came out on top with a time of 9.77 s, beating Powell by 0.06 s. Victory, however, did not come as smoothly as it had in Beijing. Bolt made the slowest start of the nine competitors and had to recover ground in cold conditions and against a 0.9 m/s headwind.[115] Yet the results confirmed Jamaican dominance in the 100 m, with nine of the ten-fastest legal times in history being recorded by either Bolt or Powell.[77] On his return to Jamaica, Bolt was honoured in a homecoming celebration and received an Order of Distinction in recognition of his achievements at the Olympics.[116]
He was selected as the IAAF Male Athlete of the year and won a Special Olympic Award for his performances.[117] However, Bolt turned his attention to future events, suggesting that he could aim to break the 400 metres world record in 2010 as no major championships were scheduled that year.[118]
Bolt (centre) in the starting blocks before his 150 metres world best run of 14.35 seconds
Bolt started the season competing over 400 metres in order to improve his speed, winning two races and registering 45.54 s in Kingston,[119] and windy conditions gave him his first sub-10 second finish of the season in the 100 m in March.[120] In late April Bolt suffered minor leg injuries in a car crash. However, he quickly recovered following minor surgery and (after cancelling a track meet in Jamaica) he stated that he was fit to compete in the 150 metres street race at the Manchester Great City Games.[121] Bolt won the race in 14.35 s, the fastest time ever recorded for 150 m.[122] Despite not being at full fitness, he took the 100 and 200 m titles at the Jamaican national championships, with runs of 9.86 s and 20.25 s respectively.[123][124] This meant he had qualified for both events at the 2009 World Championships. Rival Tyson Gay suggested that Bolt's 100 m record was within his grasp, but Bolt dismissed the claim and instead noted that he was more interested in Asafa Powell's return from injury.[125] Bolt defied unfavourable conditions at the Athletissima meet in July, running 19.59 seconds into a 0.9 m/s headwind and rain, to record the fourth fastest time ever over 200 m,[126] one hundredth off Gay's best time.[127]
Bolt (left) during the 200 metres quarter-finals at the 2009 World Championships
At the 2009 World Championships in August, Bolt eased through the 100 m heats, clocking the fastest ever pre-final performance of 9.89 seconds.[128] The final was the first time Bolt and Gay had met in the season, and Bolt improved his world record with a time of 9.58 s to win his first World Championship gold medal. Gay finished with a time of 9.71 s, 0.02 s off Bolt's 9.69 s world-record run in Beijing.[129] Taking over a tenth of a second off the previous best mark, this was the largest ever margin of improvement in the 100 m world record since the beginning of electronic timing.[130]
Although Gay withdrew from the second race of the competition, the Jamaican once again produced world record-breaking form in the 200 metres final. He broke his own record by 0.11 seconds, finishing with a time of 19.19 seconds.[131] He won the 200 m race by the biggest margin in World Championships history, even though the race had three other athletes running under 19.90 seconds, the greatest number ever in the event.[132][133] Bolt's pace impressed even the more experienced of his competitors; third-placed Wallace Spearmon complimented his speed,[134] and former Olympic champion Shawn Crawford said "Just coming out there...I felt like I was in a video game, that guy was moving – fast".[135] Bolt pointed out that an important factor in his performance at the World Championships was his improved start to the races: his reaction times in the 100 m (0.146)[136] and 200 m (0.133)[137] were significantly faster than those he had produced in his world record runs at the Beijing Olympics.[138][139] However, he, together with other members of Jamaican 4x100 m relay team, fell short of their own world record of 37.10 s set at 2008 Summer Olympics by timing 37.31 s, which is, however, a championship record and the second fastest time in history at that date.[140]
Bolt beating all opposition and setting a 100 m world record
On the last day of the Berlin Championships, the governing Mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit, presented Bolt with a 12-foot high section of the Berlin Wall in a small ceremony, saying Bolt had shown that "one can tear down walls that had been considered as insurmountable." The nearly three-ton segment will be delivered to Bolt's training camp in Jamaica.[141]
Several days after Bolt broke the world records in 100 and 200 metres events, Mike Powell, the world record holder in long jump (8.95 metres set in 1991) argued that Bolt could become the first man to jump over 9 metres, the long jump event being "a perfect fit for his speed and height".[142] At the end of the season he was selected as the IAAF World Athlete of the Year for the second year running.[143]
Early on in the 2010 outdoor season, Bolt ran 19.56 seconds in the 200 m in Kingston, Jamaica for the fourth-fastest run of all-time, although he stated that he had no record breaking ambitions for the forthcoming season.[144] He took to the international circuit May with wins in East Asia at the Colorful Daegu Pre-Championships Meeting and then a comfortable win in his 2010 IAAF Diamond League debut at the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix.[145][146] Bolt made an attempt to break Michael Johnson's best time over the rarely competed 300 metres event at the Golden Spike meeting in Ostrava. He failed to match Johnson's ten-year-old record of 30.85 and suffered a setback in that his 30.97-second run in wet weather had left him with an Achilles tendon problem.[147][148]
On his return from injury a month later, he asserted himself with a 100 m win at the Athletissima meeting in Lausanne (9.82 seconds) and a victory over Asafa Powell at Meeting Areva in Paris (9.84 seconds).[149][150] Despite this run of form, he suffered only the second loss of his career in a 100 m final at the DN Galan. Tyson Gay soundly defeated him with a run of 9.84 to Bolt's 9.97 seconds, and the Jamaican reflected that he had slacked off in training early in the season while Gay had been better prepared and in a better condition.[151] This marked Bolt's first loss to Gay over 100 m, which coincidentally occurred in the same stadium where Powell had beaten Bolt for the first time two years earlier.[152]
Considered the overwhelming favourite to win in the 100 metres at the 2011 World Championships in Daegu, Bolt was eliminated from the final for a false start.[153] Usain Bolt's countryman, Yohan Blake won in a season best of 9.92 seconds. In the 200m, Bolt cruised through to the final which he won in a time of 19.40s,[154] the fastest time in history never to be a World Record. Bolt also won gold in 4x100 metres relay with team Jamaica setting a world record time of 37.04.
Bolt striking his signature "To Di World"
[155] pose
Bolt expresses a love for dancing and his character is frequently described as laid-back and relaxed.[19][156][dead link][157] Bolt's Jamaican track and field idols include Herb McKenley and former Jamaican 100 m 200 m world record holder, Don Quarrie. Michael Johnson, the former 200 m world and Olympic record holder, is also held in high esteem by Bolt.[19] The first sport to interest him was cricket and he said if he was not a sprinter he would be a fast bowler instead.[19] As a child he was a supporter of the Pakistani cricket team and admired the bowling of Waqar Younis.[158] He is also a fan of Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar, West Indian opener Chris Gayle[159] and Australian opener Matthew Hayden.[160] During a charity cricket match Bolt clean-bowled Chris Gayle. Gayle was complimentary of Bolt's pace and swing.[161] Bolt also struck a six off Chris Gayle's bowling. Another bowler complimentary of Bolt's pace was former West Indies fast-bowling great Curtly Ambrose.[162]
Bolt has also expressed his love for football and is a fan of Manchester United as well as Real Madrid.[163] Bolt has also declared he is a fan of Dutch striker Ruud van Nistelrooy.[164] Following a race in Manchester, he met the team at their training ground and offered Portuguese national Cristiano Ronaldo some sprinting advice.[165] Bolt was a special guest of Manchester United at the 2011 UEFA Champions League final in London, where he stated he'd like to play for them after he retires.[166]
In 2010, he also revealed his fondness of music, when he played a reggae DJ set to a crowd in Paris.[167]
After winning the 200 m title in the 2002 World Junior Championships in Kingston, Jamaica, Bolt signed a sponsorship deal with Puma.[168] To promote Bolt's chase for Olympic glory in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, Puma released a series of videos including Bolt's then-world-record-setting run in Icahn Stadium and his Olympic preparations.[169] After his world record breaking run in New York City, which was preceded by a lightning storm,[170] the press frequently made puns on the Jamaican's name, nicknaming him "Lightning Bolt" and the "Bolt from the blue".[171][172][173][dead link] During the Beijing 2008 100 m final, Bolt wore golden Puma Complete Theseus spikes that had "Beijing 100 m Gold" emblazoned across them.[174] His athletics agent is PACE Sports Management.[175]
In January 2012, Usain Bolt impersonated Richard Branson in a Ad Campaign for Virgin Media.[176] The multi-million pound campaign was directed by Seth Gordon and features Virgin founder Branson to promote its superfast broadband service. In March 2012, he starred in an ad for Visa and the London 2012 olympics.[177]
In 2010, Bolt signed a lucrative publishing deal with HarperCollins for an autobiography, which was negotiated by Chris Nathaniel of NVA Management.[178] This is scheduled for release in 2012. During a press conference in Paris on 15 July 2010, Bolt declined any comment on what would be contained within the book saying, "you can't really give away anything in your book ... should be exciting, it's my life, and I'm a cool and exciting guy".[163]
As a result of Bolt's successes in athletics, he was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for 2009 and 2010.[179][180]
As of 28 August 2010
(2010 -08-28)[update]
| Event |
Time (seconds) |
Venue |
Date |
Records |
Notes |
| 100 metres |
9.58 |
Berlin, Germany |
16 August 2009 |
  |
Also shares the second fastest time of 9.69 with Tyson Gay. Bolt's 9.69 set the Olympic record in 2008. |
| 150 metres |
14.35 |
Manchester, United Kingdom |
17 May 2009 |
World best[5] |
He ran the last 100 m in 8.70, the fastest ever recorded time over a 100 m distance. This would equal an average speed of 41.38 km/h. |
| 200 metres |
19.19 |
Berlin, Germany |
20 August 2009 |
|
Also holds the Olympic Record with 19.30, at the time (2008) a new world record. |
| 300 metres |
30.97 |
Ostrava, Czech Republic |
27 May 2010 |
|
This is the second fastest time, behind Michael Johnson's 30.85. |
| 400 metres |
45.28[12] |
Kingston, Jamaica |
5 May 2007 |
|
|
| 4 × 100 metres relay |
37.04 |
Daegu, South Korea |
4 September 2011 |
|
Shared with Yohan Blake, Michael Frater and Nesta Carter. |
The progression of Bolt's 200 m seasons' best times
[181]
The progression of Bolt's 100 m seasons' best times
[181]
Bolt's personal best of 9.58 seconds in the 100 metres is the fastest ever legal time.[77] Bolt also holds the second fastest time of 9.69 seconds (more precisely 9.683),[75] the current Olympic record.[77] Tyson Gay recorded a time of 9.68 s at the 2008 US Olympic Trials, but was aided with a tail wind of 4.1 m/s, exceeding the legal limit of 2.0 m/s set by the IAAF and nullifying its inclusion as a world record.[182] Obadele Thompson's run of 9.69 s in 1996 is also not recognised as it was aided by a 5.0 m/s tail wind.[77]
Bolt's personal best of 19.19 s in the 200 metres is the world record. This was recorded at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin against a headwind of −0.3 m/s. He has also broken the Olympic record with a time of 19.30 s (more precisely 19.296 s)[183]
The Jamaican relay team including Bolt, set the 4x100 metres world and Olympic records at the 2008 Olympics with a time of 37.10 seconds. This is the only run in the IAAF top ten performances which was not set by an American team.[184]
Bolt also holds the 200 metres world teenage best results for the age categories 15 (20.58 s), 16 (20.13 s, world youth record), 17 (19.93 s) and 18 (19.93 s, world junior record).[75] He also holds the 150 metres world best set in 2009, during which he ran the last 100 metres in 8.70 seconds, the quickest timed 100 metres ever.[75]
From his record time of 9.58 s for the 100 m sprint Usain Bolt's average ground speed equates to: 37.58 km/h or 23.35 mph. However, once his reaction time of 0.15 s is subtracted, his time is closer to 9.43 s, making his average speed closer to 38.18 km/h or 23.72 mph.[185]
| Year |
Competition |
Venue |
Position |
Event |
Notes |
| 2002 |
World Junior Championships |
Kingston, Jamaica |
1st |
200 m |
20.61 |
| 2nd |
4×100 m relay |
39.15 NJR |
| 2nd |
4×400 m relay |
3:04.06 NJR |
| 2003 |
World Youth Championships |
Sherbrooke, Canada |
1st |
200 m |
20.40 |
| 2003 |
Pan American Junior Championships |
Bridgetown, Barbados |
1st |
200 m |
20.13 WYB |
| 2nd |
4×100 m relay |
39.40 |
| 2004 |
CARIFTA Games |
Hamilton, Bermuda |
1st |
200 m |
19.93 WJR |
| 2005 |
Central American and Caribbean Championships |
Nassau, Bahamas |
1st |
200 m |
20.03 |
| 2006 |
World Athletics Final |
Stuttgart, Germany |
3rd |
200 m |
20.10 |
| 2006 |
IAAF World Cup |
Athens, Greece |
2nd |
200 m |
19.96 |
| 2007 |
World Championships |
Osaka, Japan |
2nd |
200 metres |
19.91 |
| 2008 |
Reebok Grand Prix |
New York City, United States |
1st |
100 m |
9.72 WR |
| 2008 |
Olympic Games |
Beijing, China |
1st |
100 metres |
9.69 WR OR |
| 1st |
200 metres |
19.30 WR OR |
| 1st |
4×100 metres relay |
37.10 WR OR |
| 2009 |
World Championships |
Berlin, Germany |
1st |
100 metres |
9.58 WR |
| 1st |
200 metres |
19.19 WR |
| 1st |
4×100 metres relay |
37.31 CR |
| 2011 |
World Championships |
Daegu, South Korea |
| 1st |
200 metres |
19.40 WL |
| 1st |
4×100 metres relay |
37.04 WR |
- ^ a b c d e f g "Usain Bolt IAAF profile". IAAF. http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=0/athcode=184599/index.html. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ a b Helps, Horace (16 August 2008). "Bolt's gold down to yam power, father says". Reuters. http://africa.reuters.com/sport/news/usnBAN656276.html. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
- ^ a b UsainBolt.com, profile page, accessed 6 September 2011
- ^ Usain Bolt beats Gay and sets new Record – from Universal Sports on YouTube
- ^ a b This is not an official world record as the IAAF, the international athletics governing body, does not recognise the distance.
- ^ New World Best over 150m for Usain Bolt from Universal Sports on YouTube
- ^ New World Record over 200m for Usain Bolt – from Universal Sports on YouTube
- ^ Ellington, Barbara (2008-08-31). He is a happy person, says Usain's mother. Jamaica Gleaner. Retrieved on 2009-08-05.
- ^ Usain Bolt World Junior Record 200M – 19.93 on YouTube
- ^ Hersh, Phillip (20 August 2009). "Usain Bolt smashes world record in the 200". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/21/sports/sp-world-track21. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ Farhi, Paul (21 August 2009). "Jamaican Sprinters Such as Usain Bolt Quickly Reshape Nation's Identity". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08/20/AR2009082004135.html. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Lawrence, Hubert; Samuels, Garfield (20 August 2007). "Focus on Jamaica – Usain Bolt". Focus on Athletes (International Association of Athletics Federations). http://www.iaaf.org/news/athletes/newsid=36356.html. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
- ^ Ferdinand, Rio (2009-02-01). "Local heroes: Usain Bolt". The Observer. Retrieved on 2009-02-03.
- ^ Foster, Anthony (2008-11-24). "Bolt tops them again". Jamaica Gleaner. Retrieved on 2009-02-03.
- ^ a b c d e f Layden, Tim (16 August 2008). "The Phenom". Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/tim_layden/07/23/usain.bolt0728/. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ Sinclair, Glenroy (15 August 2008). "Bolts bonded". Jamaica Gleaner. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080815/news/news1.html. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ a b Longmore, Andrew (24 August 2008). "Brilliant Usain Bolt is on fast track to history". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/article4596711.ece. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Frater, Adrian (5 August 2008). "Bolt's Sherwood on 'gold alert'". Jamaica Gleaner. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080805/news/news6.html. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ a b c d e Williams, Ollie (5 August 2008). "Ten to watch: Usain Bolt". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/7540279.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ a b c d Luton, Daraine (18 August 2008). "Pablo McNeil – the man who put the charge in Bolt". Jamaica Gleaner. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080818/lead/lead7.html. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ a b "Carifta Games (Under 17 boys)". GBR Athletics. http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/cfgy.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "Official Results – 200 metres – Men – Semi-Final". IAAF. 14 July 2001. http://www2.iaaf.org/WYC01/Results/data/M/200/Rsf.html. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships". GBR Athletics. http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/cacy.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "Official Results – 200 metres – Men – Final". IAAF. 19 July 2002. http://www2.iaaf.org/WJC02/Results/data/M/200/Rf.html. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "Official Results – 200 metres – Men – Heats". IAAF. 18 July 2002. http://www2.iaaf.org/WJC02/Results/data/M/200/Rh.html. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ a b Longmore, Andrew (16 August 2008). "9.69 – and Usain Bolt didn't even try". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/article4547874.ece. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ Hattenstone, Simon (2010-08-28). Usain Bolt: Fast and loose. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2010-08-28.
- ^ "Official Results – 4x100 metres – Men – Final". IAAF. 22 July 2002. http://www2.iaaf.org/WJC02/Results/data/M/4X1/Rf.html. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "4x400 metres – Men – Final". IAAF. 22 July 2002. http://www2.iaaf.org/WJC02/Results/data/M/4X4/Rf.html. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ a b Carifta Games Magazine, Part 2, Carifta Games 2011, http://www.cariftagames2011.herobo.com/web_documents/carifta_magazine_sm_part2.pdf, retrieved 12 October 2011
- ^ a b Carifta Games Magazine, Part 3, Carifta Games 2011, http://www.cariftagames2011.herobo.com/web_documents/carifta_magazine_sm_part3.pdf, retrieved 12 October 2011
- ^ Finlayson, Alpheus (23 April 2003), Bolt named outstanding athlete of 32nd Carifta Games, IAAF, http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=21038.html, retrieved 5 February 2012
- ^ "200 metres final results". IAAF. 23 July 2003. http://www.iaaf.org/history/WYC/season=2003/eventCode=2961/results/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=200/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/results.html#det. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ a b c d Turnbull, Simon (17 August 2003). "Athletics: The boy they call Lightning is frightening". The Independent on Sunday (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics-the-boy-they-call-lightning-is-frightening-536129.html. Retrieved 2008-08-25. [dead link]
- ^ a b c Powell, David (18 August 2008). "A closer look beyond Bolt and his 9.69". IAAF. http://www.iaaf.org/OLY08/news/kind=103/newsid=46787.html. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ "American Junior Outdoor Track & Field Records". USA Track and Field. 1 August 2008. http://www.usatf.org/statistics/records/view.asp?division=american&location=outdoor%20track%20%26%20field&age=junior&sport=TF. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ Kessel, Anna (24 August 2008). "Olympics: Jamaican speed freak". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/aug/24/olympics2008.olympicsathletics. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ a b "Jamaica's Bolt on fast track to Olympics". Caribbean Net News. 21 April 2004. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/2004/04/21/bolt.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ Bolt dashes to 19.93 - World Junior 200m record!, IAAF, 12 April 2004, http://www.iaaf.org/news/printer,newsid=24850.htmx, retrieved 7 February 2012
- ^ "Jamaica names Bolt, Fenton to Olympic athletics team". Caribbean Net News. 4 July 2004. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/2004/07/05/team.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f Rowbottom, Mike (4 August 2008). "Bolt from the blue". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/athletics/bolt-from-the-blue-883180.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18. [dead link]
- ^ Channer, Colin (9 August 2008). "'Cool Runnings' Are Heating Up". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121823832648825809.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Fordyce, Tom (10 December 2005). "I was in gutter, admits Chambers". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/4512862.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
- ^ Smith, Gary (12 July 2005). "No stopping Bolt as he blazes 20.03 at the CAC Championships". Caribbean Net News. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/2005/07/12/blazes.shtml. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ "Expect lightning from Bolt and a double from Campbell". Caribbean Net News. 29 June 2005. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/2005/06/29/double.shtml. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ "200 metres final". IAAF. 11 August 2005. http://www.iaaf.org/history/WCH/season=2005/eventCode=3365/results/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=200/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/results.html#det. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ a b Smith, Gary (18 May 2006). "Bolt preparing to complete a full season, says manager". Caribbean Net News. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000016/001647.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-28. [dead link]
- ^ a b c Smith, Gary (24 November 2005). "A cautious Bolt back on the track". Caribbean Net News. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/2005/11/24/back.shtml. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ Smith, Gary (21 November 2005). "Jamaica’s Bolt recovers from motor vehicle accident". Caribbean Net News. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/2005/11/21/recovers.shtml. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ Cherry, Gene (23 July 2008). "Even Bolt's coach convinced of 100m pedigree". Caribbean News Net. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-9316--8-8--.html. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ Smith, Gary (3 May 2006). "Bolt runs world leading 200m at Martinique Permit Meet". Caribbean Net News. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000014/001462.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ a b Smith, Gary (2 June 2006). "No sub-20, but Bolt optimistic about clash with Spearmon at Reebok Grand Prix". Caribbean Net News. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000018/001824.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ "Liu eclipses Jackson with 110m hurdles record". The Guardian (UK). 12 June 2006. http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2006/jul/12/athletics. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "World Cup in Athletics 2006 – Results 200 Metres Mens Final". IAAF. 17 September 2006. http://www.iaaf.org/history/WCP/season=2006/eventCode=3490/results/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=200/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/results.html#det. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "23rd Vardinoyiannia 2007 – 100Metres Mens Results". IAAF. 18 July 2007. http://www.iaaf.org/history/GP/season=2007/results/eventCode=3821/sex=M/discCode=100/result.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Osaka 2007 – 200 metres mens final". IAAF. 30 August 2007. http://osaka2007.iaaf.org/results/gender=M/discipline=200/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/result.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Osaka 2007 – 4x100 Metres Relay – Mens Final". IAAF. 1 September 2007. http://osaka2007.iaaf.org/results/gender=M/discipline=4X1/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/result.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Tucker, Elton (5 May 2008). "'I didn't know I was going that fast' – Admits Bolt after rocketing to No. 2 on all-time 100m list with 9.76". Jamaica Gleaner. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080505/sports/sports1.html. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ Aikman, Richard (4 May 2008). "Lightning Bolt clocks second fastest ever 100m". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/may/04/usainbolt. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ a b Foster, Anthony (4 May 2008). "Bolt stuns with 9.76 dash in Kingston – Jamaica International report". IAAF. http://www.iaaf.org/WAF08/news/kind=100/newsid=44672.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Smith, Gary (7 May 2008). "American legend Johnson admits to being 'shocked' by Bolt run". Caribbean Net News. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/article.php?news_id=7643. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ Morse, Parker (1 June 2008). "Bolt 9.72 in New York! – World 100 metres record – IAAF World Athletics Tour". IAAF. http://www.iaaf.org/GP08/news/kind=100/newsid=45117.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ a b Broadbent, Rick (2 June 2008). "Usain Bolt runs into indifference". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/more_sport/athletics/article4045623.ece. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ "Lightning Bolt to run first 200m of season". Caribbean Net News. 12 June 2008. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/article.php?news_id=8474. Retrieved 2008-08-26. [dead link]
- ^ a b Nikitaridis, Michalis (14 July 2008). "Bolt runs 200m in 19.67sec in Athens – IAAF World Athletics Tour". IAAF. http://www.iaaf.org/GP08/news/kind=100/newsid=46129.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (12 June 2008). "Robles 12.87 World Record in Ostrava! – IAAF World Athletics Tour". IAAF. http://www.iaaf.org/GP08/news/kind=100/newsid=45290.html. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ Flynn, LeVaughan (3 June 2008). "Usain Bolt and Glen Mills: Long, winding journey to a world record". Sports Jamaica. http://www.sportsjamaica.com/read_article.php?id=12721. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
- ^ Turnbull, Simon (20 July 2008). "No Bolt from blue but he can be star of fast show". The Independent on Sunday (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/100m-showdown-no-bolt-from-blue-but-he-can-be-star-of-fast-show-872321.html. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
- ^ Cyphers, Luke (11 August 2008). "Bolt may be 100 favourite, but Gay in better position to win". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/columns/story?id=3529300. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Gallagher, Brendan (6 August 2008). "Beijing Olympics: Usain Bolt set to run in both the 100 and 200 metres". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2506738/2008-Beijing-Olympics-Usain-Bolt-set-to-run-in-both-the-100-and-200-metres---Olympics.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Broadbent, Rick (14 August 2008). "Michael Johnson backs Usain Bolt to win sprint duel". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/article4525478.ece. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Beijing Olympics 2008 – Results 100 metres men's finals – Heats". IAAF. 15 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/oly08/results/eventCode=3659/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=100/combCode=hash/roundCode=h/results.html#det. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Beijing Olympics 2008 – Results 100 metres men's finals – Quarter finals". IAAF. 16 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/oly08/results/eventCode=3659/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=100/combCode=hash/roundCode=qf/results.html#det. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Beijing Olympics 2008 – Results 100 metres men's finals – Semi finals". IAAF. 16 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/oly08/results/eventCode=3659/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=100/combCode=hash/roundCode=sf/results.html#det. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ a b c d "12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009." (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. p. Pages 410. http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
- ^ "Bolt surges to gold in new record". BBC Sport. 16 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/athletics/7565203.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ a b c d e f "100 Metres All Time". IAAF. 9 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=O/age=N/season=0/sex=M/all=y/legal=A/disc=100/detail.html. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ Zinser, Lynn (16 August 2008). "Bolt Is World’s Fastest—by a Mile". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/17/sports/olympics/17track.html?_r=1&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
- ^ Casert, Raf (17 August 2008). "Olympics: Bolt smashes 100m record". The New Zealand Herald. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/event/story.cfm?c_id=502&objectid=10527480. Retrieved 2008-08-18. [dead link]
- ^ "Usain Bolt: 'Mission accomplished' in Beijing, next stop Zürich". Weltklasse Zürich. http://www.weltklassezuerich.ch/assets/files/press_releases/2008/en/Bolt%20270808.pdf. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ Gullan, Scott (11 September 2008). "Scientists say Usain Bolt could have gone faster". Herald Sun. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24327608-11088,00.html. Retrieved 2008-09-10. [dead link]
- ^ Eriksen, H. K.; Kristiansen, J. R.; Langangen, Ø.; Wehus, I. K. (2009). "How fast could Usain Bolt have run? A dynamical study". American Journal of Physics 77 (3): 224–228. DOI:10.1119/1.3033168.
- ^ Simon, Simon (17 August 2008). "Bolt of lightning leaves the rest of mankind far behind". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/athletics/bolt-of-lightning-leaves-the-rest-of-mankind-far-behind-899696.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Akabusi, Kriss (19 August 2008). "Bolt's showboating is a slap for us idealists". The Guardian (UK). http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/08/19/bolts_showboating_is_a_slap_fo.html. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
- ^ IOC Rips Bolt for Lack of 'Respect'. Associated Press. 2008-08-21. Archived from the original on 24 August 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080824005926/http://sports.aol.com/olympics/story/_a/bbdp/ioc-rips-bolt-for-lack-of-respect/142750. Retrieved 2008-08-21
- ^ Broadbent, Rick (21 August 2008). "Deluded Jacques Rogge fails to see the champion in Usain Bolt". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/article4578959.ece. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
- ^ Landells, Steve (16 August 2008). ""It was crazy, phenomenal" – Bolt's 9.69 100 metres stuns the Bird's Nest". IAAF. http://www.iaaf.org/OLY08/news/kind=100/newsid=46772.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "IAAF sides with Bolt on Rogge comments". Associated Press. The Washington Post. 23 August 2008. http://stats.washingtonpost.com/olympics/story.asp?i=20080823072826923076508&ref=rec&tm=&src=OLYMPICS_DOLY_RUN. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ Philips, Mitch (18 August 2008). "Bolt's bid for double safely under way". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/08/18/us-olympics-athletics-bolt-idUSPEK16519320080818. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ Johnson, Michael (20 August 2008). "Michael Johnson: I think my Olympic 200metres world record is safe from Usain Bolt – for now". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2586933/2008-Beijing-Olympics-Michael-Johnson-I-think-my-Olympic-200m-world-record-is-safe----for-now---Olympics.html. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Jamaican Bolt second in 200 metres heat". BBC Sport. 18 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/athletics/7567252.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Super Bolt eases into 200 metres final". BBC Sport. 19 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/athletics/7570651.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
- ^ a b "Bolt claims 200m gold with record". BBC Sport. 20 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/athletics/7572131.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "NEWS FLASH – Bolt does the double with 19.30 seconds WORLD RECORD!". IAAF. 20 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/OLY08/news/kind=101/newsid=47045.html. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Bolt earns sprint double, breaks world record". CBC. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822195527/http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/athletics/story/2008/08/20/mens-200-final.html. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ a b "Bolt cements greatness, sets world record in 200 with 19.30". Sports Illustrated. 20 August 2008. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/olympics/2008/writers/tim_layden/08/20/bolt.record/index.html. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
- ^ "Bolt grabs third gold and record". BBC Sport. 22 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/athletics/7576737.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
- ^ "NEWS FLASH – World 4x100m record, 37.10s – BOLT and JAMAICA again!". IAAF. 22 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/OLY08/news/kind=100/newsid=47266.html. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
- ^ "Jamaica smashes WR in men's relay". ABC. 22 August 2008. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/08/23/2344289.htm?site=local. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
- ^ ""Lightning" Bolt donates for children in China's quake zone". China Daily. 23 August 2008. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/olympics/2008-08/23/content_6964714.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
- ^ Steve, Nearman (25 August 2008). "Bolt not done yet". The Washington Times. http://washingtontimes.com/news/2008/aug/25/bolt-certainly-not-done-making-marks/. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Phillips, Mitch (25 August 2008). "Bolt's Olympic heroics arrive just in time". Reuters. http://africa.reuters.com/sport/news/usnBAN524081.html. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
- ^ Fordyce, Tom (24 February 2004). "The THG scandal explained". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/3210876.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ "Johnson dismisses sabotage claims". BBC Sport. 31 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/5230484.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ "Jones returns five medals from 2000 Sydney Olympics". ESPN. 8 October 2007. http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/trackandfield/news/story?id=3054706. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Maese, Rick (24 August 2008). "A cleaner Olympics? Despite drug test numbers, don't count on it". The Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/sports/printedition/la-sp-olymaese24-2008aug24,0,5371815.story. Retrieved 2008-08-27. [dead link]
- ^ Conte, Victor (18 August 2008). "Conte: World Anti-Doping Agency needs to beef up offseason steroid testing". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/2008olympics/2008/08/18/2008-08-18_conte_world_antidoping_agency_needs_to_b.html. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Broadbent, Rick (18 August 2008). "Usain Bolt: a Jamaican miracle". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/article4551396.ece. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Flynn, LeVaughn (3 June 2008). "Usain Bolt and Glen Mills: Long, winding journey to a world record". Jamaica Gleaner. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080603/sports/sports9.html. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ "Bolt ok with tests". Jamaica Gleaner. 27 August 2008. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080827/sports/sports1.html. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Bolt, Usain (2010). Usain Bolt 9.58. HarperCollins. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-00-737139-6.
- ^ a b Turnbull, Simon (30 August 2008). "No fireworks, or lightning, but Bolt eases to another triumph". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/no-fireworks-or-lightning-but-bolt-eases-to-another-triumph-913384.html. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
- ^ Sampaolo, Diego (2 September 2008). "Powell improves to 9.72, Bolt dashes 19.63 in Lausanne – IAAF World Athletics Tour". IAAF. http://www.iaaf.org/GP08/news/kind=100/newsid=47464.html. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ Phillips, Michael (3 September 2008). "Powell threatens Bolt's 100m record". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/sep/03/athletics.asafapowell?gusrc=rss&feed=sport. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ Turnbull, Simon (6 September 2008). "Bolt win rounds off a golden summer". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081202152445/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/bolt-win-rounds-off-a-golden-summer-920944.html. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ "Welcoming home our Olympians". Jamaica Gleaner. 5 October 2008. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20081005/lead/lead2.html. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ "Bolt and Isinbayeva are World Athletes of the Year – 2008 World Athletics Gala". IAAF. 23 November 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/gala/2008/newsid=48388.html. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ "Bolt sets sights on 400m record". BBC Sport. 15 December 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/7782760.stm. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ Bolt maintains improvement over longer sprint. Reuters (2009-02-22). Retrieved on 2009-05-16.
- ^ Clare, Nelson (2009-03-15). Usain Bolt makes a winning start on his return to 100m action. The Independent. Retrieved on 2009-05-16.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (2009-05-13). Bolt Manchester date is still on. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-05-16.
- ^ Markham,Carl (2009-05-15). Bolt runs 14.35 sec for 150m; covers 50m–150m in 8.70 sec!. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-05-17.
- ^ Foster, Anthony (2009-06-28). Bolt 9.86 and Fraser 10.88; Walker and Phillips excel over hurdles – JAM Champs, Day 2[dead link]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-06-29.
- ^ Foster, Anthony (2009-06-29). Bolt completes double; ‘Not 100%’ Veronica Campbell-Brown runs 22.40 – JAM Champs, Day 3[dead link]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-06-29.
- ^ Bolt rules out threat to record. BBC Sport (2009-06-28). Retrieved on 2009-06-29.
- ^ Sampaolo, Diego (2009-07-07). Despite the rain, Bolt blasts 19.59sec in Lausanne – IAAF World Athletics Tour. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-07-23.
- ^ "Bolt storms to stunning victory". BBC Sport. 7 July 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/athletics/8139554.stm. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (2009-08-16). Event Report – Men's 100m – Semi-Final. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-08-16.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (2009-08-16). Event Report – Men's 100m – Final. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-08-16.
- ^ Clarey, Christopher (2009-08-16). Bolt Shatters 100-Meter World Record . The New York Times. Retrieved on 2009-08-16.
- ^ New World Record for Usain Bolt – from Universal Sports on YouTube
- ^ Mulkeen, Jon (2009-08-20). Event Report – Men's 200m – Final. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ Hart, Simon (2009-08-20). World Athletics: Usain Bolt breaks 200 metres world record in 19.19 seconds. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ Wallace Spearmon Earns Bronze In 200 As Three Others Advance To World Champ Finals. KBTX (2009-08-20). Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ "Awesome Bolt breaks 200m record". BBC Sport. 20 August 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/athletics/8213036.stm. Retrieved 2009-08-20.
- ^ 100 Metres – M Final. IAAF (2009-08-20). Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ Kessel, Anna (2009-08-20). 'I aim to become a legend,' says Usain Bolt as he smashes 200m world record. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ Men's 200m Final 2008 Olympics[dead link]. NBC (2009-08-20). Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ Men's 100m Final 2008 Olympics[dead link]. NBC (2009-08-20). Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ "Jamaica dominates the 400 meter relays". trackalerts.com. 22 August 2009. http://www.trackalerts.com/?p=2812. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
- ^ "Grateful Usain Bolt given 3-ton piece of Berlin Wall". ESPN. ESPN.com. 23 August 2009. http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/trackandfield/news/story?id=4417296
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Bolt and Richards are World Athletes of the Year – 2009 World Athletics Gala. IAAF (2009-11-22). Retrieved on 2009-11-22.
- ^ Foster, Anthony (2010-05-02). Bolt sizzles 19.56 in 200m opener in Kingston. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-05-02.
- ^ Dominant Usain Bolt wins season opener in South Korea. BBC Sport (2010-05-19). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Broadbent, Rick (2010-05-24). Usain Bolt cool on records after sparkling Diamond League debut. The Times. Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Hart, Simon (2010-07-08). Usain Bolt urged by doctors to stick with 100m until injury worries clear. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Hart, Simon (2010-05-27). Usain Bolt falls just short of 300m world record at Golden Spike meeting in Ostrava. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Bolt beats Blake, Martina. ESPN (2010-07-08). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Bolt beats rival Powell in Paris Diamond League 100m. BBC Sport (2010-07-16). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Tyson Gay beats Usain Bolt over 100m for first time. BBC Sport (2010-08-06). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Stockholm packs in tight to see Gay finish well clear of Bolt, 9.84–9.97 – REPORT – Samsung Diamond League. IAAF (2010-08-06). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ "Usain Bolt false starts, eliminated in final". ESPN. 28 August 2011. http://espn.go.com/olympics/trackandfield/story/_/id/6903427/world-championships-usain-bolt-eliminated-100-meter-final-false-start.
- ^ "Bolt claims 200m gold in Daegu with dominant run". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/09/03/athletics.bolt.wins.pistorius/. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ O'Leary, Chris (15 June 2010). "Bolt’s Line Goes Out "To Di World"". Slam Online. http://www.slamonline.com/online/kicks/2010/06/bolts-line-goes-out-to-di-world. Retrieved 2010-08-07.
- ^ Gullan, Scott (17 August 2008). "Usain Bolt wins 100m gold at the Beijing Olympics". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/beijing_olympics/story/0,27313,24188957-5017607,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Fletcher, Damian; Armstrong, Jeremy (18 August 2008). "Olympic 100m hero Usain Bolt powered by chicken nuggets and yams". The Daily Mirror. UK. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2008/08/18/olympic-sprint-hero-usain-bolt-s-chicken-nuggets-diet-secret-115875-20702431/. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Mountford, Adam (8 February 2009). "Windies triumph delights Bolt". BBC Sport. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/tms/2009/02/windies_triumph_delights_bolt.shtml. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ^ "Usain Bolt likes to watch Sachin, Gayle". MSN. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822212343/http://sports.in.msn.com/cricket/stories/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1639772. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
- ^ "Usain Bolt gives respect to cricketer Matthew Hayden". Herald Sun. 22 August 2008. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24222032-2882,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
- ^ "Gayle returns as Windies skipper". BBC News. 2 November 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/other_international/west_indies/8338865.stm.
- ^ "Lightning Bolt blows over Gayle". BBC News. 19 October 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/other_international/west_indies/8313778.stm.
- ^ a b "Lightning Bolt strikes Paris". RFI. http://www.english.rfi.fr/sports/20100718-lightning-bolt-strikes-paris. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
- ^ fourfourtwo interview. fourfourtwo
- ^ Bolt offers tips to Ronaldo at Manchester United training . The Independent (2009-05-15). Retrieved on 2009-06-15.
- ^ "Usain Bolt: I could play for Man Utd when I retire". ESPN Soccernet. 9 June 2011. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/927021/usain-bolt:-i-could-play-for-man-utd-when-i-retire?cc=5901. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
- ^ "Usain Bolt turns DJ in Paris". The Daily Telegraph (London). 16 July 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/weirdnewsvideo/7893446/Usain-Bolt-turns-DJ-in-Paris.html.
- ^ "PUMA's Usain Bolt breaks 100m World Record". Puma. 3 June 2008. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080801210821/http://about.puma.com/EN/3/23/23/news_id=125. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Puma running – Chasing Bolt". Puma. http://www.pumarunning.com/#EN/running/content/main/chasingBOLT. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Rowbottom, Mike (2 June 2008). "'Lightning' Bolt storms to record in 100 metres". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/lightning-bolt-storms-to-record-in-100-metres-838174.html. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Lightning Bolt's Irish connection". BBC Sport. 20 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7571436.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Lightning Bolt makes giant leap". Evening Herald. 18 August 2008. http://www.herald.ie/sport/other-sports/lightning-bolt-makes-giant-leap-1458032.html. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ Sinai, Allon (17 August 2008). "Allon Sinai's Olympic Diary: A Bolt from the blue strikes the Nest". The Jerusalem Post. http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1218710379961&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ Weiner, Jay (16 August 2008). "Usain Bolt blazes to top of 100 metre lore". Sporting News. http://www.sportingnews.com/yourturn/viewtopic.php?t=446511. Retrieved 2008-08-18. [dead link]
- ^ Athlete Profile Usain Bolt. PACE Sports Management. Retrieved on 2009-05-12.
- ^ "Usain Bolt mimics Richard Branson in Virgin Media superfast broadband ad". Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/jan/13/usain-bolt-richard-branson-virgin-media. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ Levy, Leighton (20 March 2012). "Bolt Stars In Visa Ad". The Gleaner. http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20120320/sports/sports2.html. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
- ^ Sale, Charles (19 February 2010). "Globetrotter David Dein is on board with the England 2018 World Cup bid at last". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/article-1252083/Charles-Sale-Globetrotter-David-Dein-board-England-2018-World-Cup-bid-last.html.
- ^ "Fastest man on Earth Usain Bolt wins Laureus World Sportsman of the Year Award". http://www.laureus.com/press_releases?article_id=1652. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
- ^ "2010 Laureus World Sports Awards Winners are Announced". http://www.laureus.com/press_releases?article_id=1975. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ a b "Athletes – Bolt Usain Biography". Iaaf.org. http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/country=JAM/athcode=184599/index.html. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
- ^ Hersh, Philip (30 June 2008). "Though wind nullifies a world record, Gay's 9.68-second 100 is the fastest in history". The Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/sports/printedition/la-sp-track30-2008jun30,0,1476474.story. Retrieved 2008-08-18. [dead link]
- ^ "200 Metres All Time". IAAF. 21 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=O/age=N/season=0/sex=M/all=y/legal=A/disc=200/detail.htmx. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
- ^ "4x100 Metres Relay All Time". IAAF. 22 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=O/age=N/season=0/sex=M/all=y/legal=A/disc=4x1/detail.htmx. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
- ^ http://berlin.iaaf.org/images/photofinish/3658/m_100_f_1.jpg
| Records |
Preceded by
 Asafa Powell |
Men's 100 metres World Record Holder
31 May 2008 – |
Succeeded by
Incumbent |
Preceded by
 Michael Johnson |
Men's 200 metres World Record Holder
20 August 2008 – |
Succeeded by
Incumbent |
| Awards |
Preceded by
Asafa Powell
Christopher Gayle |
Jamaica Sportsman of the Year
2008, 2009
2011 |
Succeeded by
Christopher Gayle
Incumbent |
Preceded by
Asafa Powell |
CAC Male Athlete of the Year
2008 |
Incumbent |
Preceded by
Tyson Gay |
Men's Track & Field Athlete of the Year
2008, 2009 |
Succeeded by
 David Rudisha |
Preceded by
Tyson Gay
David Rudisha |
IAAF World Athlete of the Year
2008, 2009
2011 |
Succeeded by
David Rudisha
Incumbent |
Preceded by
 Roger Federer |
BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year
2008, 2009 |
Succeeded by
 Rafael Nadal |
L'Équipe Champion of Champions
2008, 2009 |
Laureus World Sportsman of the Year
2009, 2010 |
Preceded by
Tyson Gay |
Best Track and Field Athlete ESPY Award
2009 |
Succeeded by
Tyson Gay |
| Achievements |
Preceded by
Asafa Powell |
Men's season's best performance, 100 metres
2008, 2009 |
Succeeded by
Tyson Gay |
Preceded by
Tyson Gay |
Men's season's best performance, 200 metres
2008, 2009, 2010 |
Succeeded by
Yohan Blake |
|
|
|
- 1983: United States
- 1987: United States
- 1991: United States
- 1993: United States
- 1995: Canada
- 1997: Canada
- 1999: United States
- 2001: South Africa
- 2003: United States
- 2005: France
- 2007: United States
- 2009: Jamaica
- 2011: Jamaica
|
|
|
|
|
| Persondata |
| Name |
Bolt, Usain |
| Alternative names |
|
| Short description |
Jamaican athlete |
| Date of birth |
21 August 1986 |
| Place of birth |
Trelawny, Jamaica |
| Date of death |
|
| Place of death |
|
.svg){kind=small}
.jpg)
Media related to 
.svg){kind=small}
