Replica of Adler at Fürth, May 2008

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-2-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle two powered driving wheels on one axle, and two trailing wheels on one axle. The wheel arrangement both provided more stability and enabled a larger firebox than the earlier 0-2-2 and 2-2-0 types. This configuration was introduced in 1834 on Robert Stephenson's 'Patentee locomotive' but it was later popularly named Jenny Lind, after the Jenny Lind locomotive which in turn was named after the popular singer. They were also sometimes described as Singles, although this name could be used to describe any kind of locomotive with a single pair of driving wheels.

Equivalent classifications[link]

Other equivalent classifications are:

• UIC classification: 1A1 (also known as German classification and Italian classification)
• French classification: 111
• Turkish classification: 13
• Swiss classification: 1/3

History[link]

The 2-2-2 configuration appears to have been developed by Robert Stephenson and Company in 1834, as an enlargement of their 2-2-0 Planet configuration, offering more stability and a larger firebox. The new type became known as Stephenson's Patentee locomotive.^[1] Adler, the first successful locomotive to operate in Germany, was a Patentee supplied by Robert Stephenson and company in component form in December, 1835 was one of the earliest examples. Other examples were exported to the Netherlands, Russia and Italy.^[2] By 1838 the 2-2-2 had become the standard passenger design by Robert Stephenson and Company.^[3]

Eighteen of the first nineteen locomotives ordered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the opening of the Great Western Railway in 1837/8 were of the 2-2-2 type.^[4] These included six 2-2-2 locomotives built by Charles Tayleur at his Vulcan Foundry. Also in 1837 the successful North Star broad gauge locomotive was delivered to the Great Western Railway by Stephenson, becoming the first of a class of twelve locomotives by 1841.

Great Western Railway North Star at Swindon

Later UK developments[link]

Sharp, Roberts and Company constructed more than 600 2-2-2 locomotives between 1837 and 1857. Ten of these supplied to the Grand Junction Railway became the basis of Alexander Allan's successful designs for the railway from 1845 (the first of which, formerly named Columbine, is preserved). J. & G. Rennie supplied 2-2-2 locomotives to the London and Croydon Railway from 1838 and the London and Brighton Railway in 1840.^[5] Arend (eagle) was one of the two first steam locomotives in the Netherlands, built by R. B. Longridge and Company of Bedlington, Northumberland in 1839.

The Great Western Railway continued to order both broad gauge and standard gauge locomotives on the railway, including the Firefly and Sun classes (1840–42), which were enlarged versions of North Star. Bury, Curtis, and Kennedy supplied six 2-2-2 locomotives to the Bristol and Gloucester Railway in 1844, and fourteen to the Great Southern and Western Railway in Ireland in 1848, (the last of these has been preserved at Cork Kent railway station.

The original "Jenny Lind" locomotive, 1847.

The Jenny Lind locomotive, designed by David Joy and built in 1847 for the London Brighton and South Coast Railway by the E.B.Wilson and Company of Leeds, became the basis of hundreds of similar passenger locomotives built during the 1840s and 1850s by this and other manufacturers for UK railways. The London & North Western Railway Cornwall locomotive was designed at Crewe Works as a 4-2-2 by Francis Trevithick in 1847, but was rebuilt as a 2-2-2 in 1858.

Although by the 1860s the 2-2-2 configuration was beginning to be superseded by the 2-4-0 type with better adhesion, the invention of steam sanding gave 2-2-2 singles a new lease of life, and they continued to be built until the 1890s. Notable late examples include William Stroudley's singles of 1874-1880, William Dean's 157 class of 1878-79,^[6] and his 3001 class (1891–92),^[7][8] both for the Great Western Railway. James Holden of the Great Eastern Railway created some 2-2-2 singles in 1889 by removing the side rod from a 2-4-0.

Belgium[link]

Replica of 'Le Belge' 1835

The first steam railway locomotive built in Belgium in 1835, and was built by John Cockerill under license to a design by Robert Stephenson & Co. It was built for use on the first main line on the European mainland, the Brussels-Mechelen line.^[9] A replica was built at the workshops of Boissellerie Cognaut for the 150th anniversary of the formation of Belgium.^[10]

Italy[link]

Two 2-2-2 locomotives were imported from Longridge and Co of Bedlington Ironworks England for the Naples–Portici railway in 1839 named Bayard and Vesuvio. A replica of 'Bayard is at the Naples Railway Museum.^[11]

Germany[link]

Most of the earliest locomotives to operate in what is now Germany before the mid 1840s were 2-2-2s delivered by UK manufacturers. However by 1839 the type was also being built locally see List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses. The Pegasus of 1839 was the first locomotive to be built by the Sächsische Maschinenbau-Compagnie in Chemnitz. August Borsig and Company manufactured Beuth in 1843 which was highly successful; its valve design became de facto standard for locomotives for decades to come.^[12] By 1846 he had manufactured more than a hundred similar locomotives. Both the Leipzig-Dresden Railway and Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) built several 2-2-2 classes 1841-1859. Similarly, the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway grouped various 2-2-2 steam locomotives procured from German manufacturers between 1848 and 1863 into its Mecklenburg I class.

Austria[link]

The Imperial Austrian State Railways (kaiserlich-königliche österreichische Staatsbahnen or kkStB) built two successful locomotives of this wheel arrangement in 1907. Similarly the Federal Railway of Austria (BBÖ) built two examples of an express tank locomotive in 1934 and 1937.

Preserved examples & replicas[link]

• A replica of Adler (locomotive) of 1835
• A replica of North Star (broad gauge locomotive) of 1837
• A replica of Arend
• LNWR No 1868 (formerly named Columbine) built 1845
• The LNWR 2-2-2 3020 Cornwall built 1847
• GS&WR Bury No. 36 of 1848
• A US 2-2-2, Pioneer, of 1894 is held by the Smithsonian
• BBÖ Class 12 locomotive of 1937.

External links[link]

• GNR No. 229, photographed around 1900

References[link]

Brendan Rodgers

Rodgers at the 2011 Championship Play-Off Final
Personal information
Date of birth	(1973-01-26) 26 January 1973 (age 39)
Place of birth	Carnlough, Northern Ireland
Playing position	Defender
Club information
Current club	Liverpool (manager)
Youth career
1984–1987	Ballymena United
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
1987–1990	Ballymena United	12	(1)
1990	Reading	0	(0)
Teams managed
2008–2009	Watford
2009	Reading
2010–2012	Swansea City
2012–	Liverpool
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only. † Appearances (Goals).

Brendan Rodgers (born 26 January 1973) is a Northern Irish former footballer who is the current manager of Liverpool.

Rodgers began his career as a footballer at Ballymena United before moving to Reading, where an injury forced him to retire at the age of 20. He stayed at Reading as a youth team coach before being invited to join Chelsea as the manager of their youth team in 2004. He was promoted to reserve team manager in 2006.

In November 2008, he was appointed manager of Watford, before moving back to Reading as manager following the resignation of Steve Coppell in June 2009. He left the club by mutual consent in December 2009, and returned to management with Swansea City in July 2010. The following year, he led Swansea City to become the first Welsh team to win promotion to the Premier League, and guided them to 11th in their debut season. In June 2012, Rodgers was announced as the new Liverpool manager.

Early life[link]

Rodgers was born in Carnlough^[1] to parents Malachy and Christina,^[2] the eldest of five brothers.^[3] He was educated at St. Patrick's College in Ballymena.^[4] He played Gaelic football and hurling in Carnlough before taking up football when he was 13.^[4] He grew up as a supporter of Celtic.^[4][5]

Playing career[link]

As a player, Rodgers began his career in Northern Ireland as a defender for Ballymena United.^[6] He made twelve league appearances in three years before being signed by Reading at the age of 18, where he played in the reserves. His playing career was cut short at the age of 20 due to a genetic knee condition.^[7][8]

Managerial career[link]

Watford[link]

On 24 November 2008, Rodgers was appointed manager of Championship side Watford. It was his first managerial position, following on from spells in charge of the Reading youth team and Chelsea reserves.^[9] Watford won only two of their first ten league games, and were in the relegation zone by January. However, Watford's form dramatically improved, and Rodgers was able to guide them to finish 13th.^[10]

Reading[link]

After Steve Coppell resigned as Reading manager, Rodgers quickly became the favourite to replace him.^[11] He later distanced himself from leaving Watford, stating his "concentration is fully on Watford".^[12] and that those linking him with other clubs were questioning his integrity.^[13] Rodgers agreed a deal to become the manager of Reading on 5 June 2009, after a compensation package of an initial £500,000 had been agreed, which rose to £1 million.^[14][15] The Watford Supporters' Trust stated that Rodgers' reputation was "severely damaged" in the eyes of the supporters, but the Trust did "thank Brendan for his efforts last season and wish him well for the future".^[16] On 11 August 2009, Rodgers got his first win as Reading manager with a 5–1 win over League Two team Burton Albion in the League Cup first round. Despite a good start, a very disappointing string of results followed, leading to Rodgers leaving Reading by mutual consent on 16 December 2009.^[17]

Swansea City[link]

Rodgers was appointed as the manager of Championship side Swansea City on 16 July 2010.^[18] He got off to a winning start, and results were very positive, leading to Rodgers being awarded the Championship Manager of the Month Award for February 2011, after Swansea winning five out of the six league games they played that month, whilst keeping four clean sheets.^[19] By 25 April 2011, Rogers had managed to secure Swansea City's place in the Championship Play-Offs for promotion into the Premier League with a convincing 4-1 victory over Ipswich Town at the Liberty Stadium.^[20] On 16 May 2011, Rodgers led Swansea to the Play-Off Final after overcoming Nottingham Forest.^[21] He faced his old club Reading at Wembley on 30 May 2011, in a game which Swansea won 4-2 thanks to a hat-trick from Scott Sinclair, meaning Swansea became the first Welsh team to gain promotion to the Premier League.^[22]

Rodgers' first win as a Premier League manager came on 17 September 2011, when Swansea beat West Bromwich Albion 3–0 at the Liberty Stadium.^[23] Despite many predicting before the season began that Swansea were favourites to be relegated, their impressive season continued, as they picked up points against Liverpool, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur and Chelsea, keeping them well above the relegation zone.^{[24][25][26][27]} In January 2012, Swansea claimed their first away win of the season at Aston Villa, a month which saw them beat Arsenal 3–2 at home and hold Chelsea to a 1–1 away draw, which earned Rodgers his first Premier League Manager of the Month Award.^[28][29][30] In February 2012, Rodgers signed a new three-and-a-half-year contract to keep him at the club until July 2015.^[31] Swansea eventually finished 11th in their debut season in the Premier League.

Liverpool[link]

On 1 June 2012, Rodgers was unveiled as Liverpool manager following the departure of Kenny Dalglish two weeks previously.^[32] In a press conference at 10:00 that day, John W. Henry – the club's principle owner through its parent company, Fenway Sports Group – said that "Brendan Rodgers's appointment today as manager of Liverpool Football Club is one of the most important steps we will take in building the kind of club on and off the pitch supporters can be excited about."^[32] Rodgers' appointment was also immediately endorsed by Jose Mourinho.^[33]

Personal life[link]

Rodgers is married and has two children – a daughter and a son.^[34] His son Anton, who was born on his father's 20th birthday in 1993,^[35] is also a professional footballer with Brighton & Hove Albion.^[36] Anton played for Reading academy before moving in 2004 to the Chelsea academy where he signed scholarship forms in summer 2009, but was released in 2011. Brendan also has a daughter Mischa.^[35][34] He speaks Spanish and is learning Italian.^[35] In June 2011, in honour of his mother, who died in 2010, and his father, who died of cancer on 10 September 2011, Rodgers joined a team representing the Football League to climb Mount Kilimanjaro in aid of Marie Curie Cancer Care.^[2] Among the team was the man Rodgers succeeded as Watford manager, Aidy Boothroyd.^[37] His nickname is "Buck Rodgers", after the Buck Rogers character with a similar name.^[9][38][39]

Managerial statistics[link]

As of 1 June 2012^[40]

Team	Nat	From	To	Record
				G	W	D	L	Win %
Watford		24 November 2008	5 June 2009	&1000000000000003200000032	&1000000000000001300000013	&100000000000000070000007	&1000000000000001200000012	&1000000000000004063000040.63
Reading		5 June 2009	16 December 2009	&1000000000000002300000023	&100000000000000060000006	&100000000000000060000006	&1000000000000001100000011	&1000000000000002608999926.09
Swansea City		16 July 2010	1 June 2012	&1000000000000009600000096	&1000000000000004300000043	&1000000000000002000000020	&1000000000000003300000033	&1000000000000004478999944.79
Liverpool		1 June 2012	Present	&100000000000000000000000	&100000000000000000000000	&100000000000000000000000	&100000000000000000000000	!—
Total				&10000000000000151000000151	&1000000000000006200000062	&1000000000000003300000033	&1000000000000005600000056	&1000000000000004106000041.06

Honours[link]

Managerial[link]

Swansea City

• Football League Championship Play-Off Winners (1): 2010–11

Individual[link]

• Premier League Manager of the Month (1): January 2012
• Football League Championship Manager of the Month (1): February 2011

References[link]