Holly

Friday, 11 January 2013

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Australia
Australia ( /əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.

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China
China (ⁱ/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.

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Hawaii
Coordinates: 21°18′41″N 157°47′47″W / 21.31139°N 157.79639°W / 21.31139; -157.79639
Hawaii (ⁱ/həˈwaɪ.iː/ or /həˈwaɪʔiː/; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi Hawaiian pronunciation: [hɐˈvɐiʔi]) is the most recent of the 50 U.S. states (August 21, 1959), and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean.
Hawaii’s diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches and oceanic surrounding, and active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists, surfers, biologists, and volcanologists alike. Due to its mid-Pacific location, Hawaii has many North American and Asian influences along with its own vibrant native culture. Hawaii has over a million permanent residents along with many visitors and U.S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu.
The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and the island of Hawaiʻi. The last is by far the largest and is often called "The Big Island" to avoid confusion with the state as a whole. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania.

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Jamaica
Coordinates: 18°10′57″N 77°19′18″W / 18.1823878°N 77.3217773°W / 18.1823878; -77.3217773
Jamaica (ⁱ/dʒəˈmeɪkə/), officially the Commonwealth of Jamaica, is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres (145 mi) in length, up to 80 kilometres (50 mi) in width, and 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno name for the island was Xaymaca, meaning the "Land of Wood and Water" or the "Land of Springs".
Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, it became an English colony in 1655 under the name "Jamaica". It achieved full independence from Britain on August 6, 1962. With 2.8 million people, it is the third most populous anglophone country in the Americas, after the United States and Canada. It remains a Commonwealth realm in concert with the Monarchy of Jamaica holding ultimate executive power, where Queen Elizabeth II is the current head of state and Queen of Jamaica.Kingston is the country's largest city and the capital.

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Macaronesia
Macaronesia is a modern collective name for several groups of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean near Europe and North Africa belonging to three countries: Portugal, Spain, and Cape Verde.The name (which is often misspelled 'Macronesia') comes from the Greek for "islands of the fortunate" μακάρων νῆσοι makárōn nêsoi, a term used by Ancient Greek geographers for islands to the west of the Straits of Gibraltar.
Macaronesia consists of five archipelagos:

The islands of Macaronesia are volcanic in origin, and are thought to be the product of several geologic hotspots.
The climate of the Macaronesian islands ranges from mediterranean in the Azores and Madeira to arid in Cape Verde. The Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a generally cooler climate and higher rainfall than the Canaries and Cape Verde. The laurisilva forests of Macaronesia are a type of mountain cloud forest with relicts species of a vegetation type which originally covered much of the Mediterranean Basin when the climate of the region was more humid and evolved to adapt in islanders conditions.

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Mexico
Mexico (ⁱ/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.

wn.com/Mexico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (/ˌpɔrtə ˈriːkoʊ/ or /ˌpwɛərtə ˈriːkoʊ/), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, [esˈtaðo ˈlibɾe asoˈsjaðo ðe ˈpweɾto ˈriko]—literally, "Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"), is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.
Puerto Rico (Spanish for "rich port") comprises an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller islands, the largest of which are Vieques, Culebra, and Mona. The main island of Puerto Rico is the smallest by land area of the Greater Antilles. However, it ranks third in population amongst that group of four islands, which also include Cuba, Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), and Jamaica. Due to its location, Puerto Rico enjoys a tropical climate and also experiences the Atlantic hurricane season.
Originally populated for centuries by indigenous aboriginal peoples known as Taínos, the island was claimed by Christopher Columbus for Spain during his second voyage to the Americas on November 19, 1493. Under Spanish rule, the island was colonized and the indigenous population was forced into slavery and nearly wiped out due to, among other things, European infectious diseases. The remaining population was emancipated by King Charles I in 1520. Spain possessed Puerto Rico for over 400 years, despite attempts at capture of the island by the French, Dutch, and British. The Spanish Crown, in an attempt to keep Puerto Rico from gaining its independence, revived the Royal Decree of Graces of 1815. The decree was printed in three languages — Spanish, English and French — and it fostered the immigration of hundreds of non-Spanish European families.

wn.com/Puerto_Rico
Stord
Stord is a municipality in the county of Hordaland, Norway. Stord is sometimes called "Norway in miniature" - as it has such a variety of landscapes: coastline, fjords, forests, agricultural land, and mountain areas.
Stord is located on the island of the same name, of which the northern part is included in Fitjar municipality. In addition to the southern part of the Stord island, the municipality includes the islands of Huglo, Storsøya og Føyno. The main population centres in Stord are Leirvik and Sagvåg. Stord has the highest population in the district of Sunnhordland, and was declared a city in 1997.
The battle of Stord was fought on or by this island between the Norwegian king Hakon Haraldsson and the Danish king Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson, supported by Hakon's brother's sons led by Harald "Greycloak" Eiriksson. The parish of Stordøen was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). Fitjar was separated from Stord in 1860, and Valestrand in 1868.
The municipality is named after the main island of Stord (Old Norse: Storð). The name is old and was and still is used in Icelandic literature meaning ground or earth. Before 1889, the name was written "Stordøen".

wn.com/Stord

Achille Richard
Achille Richard was a French botanist and physician (27 April 1794 in Paris - 5 October 1852).
He was son of a notable botanist, Louis-Claude Marie Richard (1754-1821).
Pharmacist in the French fleet and member of several well-known societies of their time.
Achille Richard was one of the botanical leaders of his time, and his books are even nowadays valued for their clarity and precision.
He entered on 24 February 1834, as member of the French Academy of Sciences (Botanical Section). He was also member of the French National Academy of Medicine.
Achille Richard studied and described several genera of orchids that take his abbreviation in the generic name, among them Ludisia.
J.M.C.Rich. - (Jean Michel) Claude Richard 1784-1868

wn.com/Achille_Richard
Asa Gray
Asa Gray (November 18, 1810 – January 30, 1888) is considered the most important American botanist of the 19th century.
He was instrumental in unifying the taxonomic knowledge of the plants of North America. Of Gray's many works on botany, the most popular was his Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, from New England to Wisconsin and South to Ohio and Pennsylvania Inclusive. This book, known simply as Gray's Manual, has gone through a number of editions with botanical illustrations by Isaac Sprague, and remains a standard in the field.
Gray was born in Sauquoit, New York in 1810 and became an M.D. in 1831. In 1838, Gray became the very first professor at the newly founded University of Michigan. Appointed the Professor of Botany and Zoology, Gray was dispatched to Europe by the Regents of the University for the purpose purchasing a suitable array of books to form the University's Library. His first purchase was a complete copy of Audubon's The Birds of America for the then extraordinary sum of $970.[1]

wn.com/Asa_Gray
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (Swedish original name Carl Nilsson Linnæus, 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné (help·info), was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology. Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus (after 1761 Carolus a Linné).
Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. Linnaeus received most of his higher education at Uppsala University, and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published a first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden, where he became professor of botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 60s, he continued to collect and classify animals, plants, and minerals, and published several volumes. At the time of his death, he was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe.

wn.com/Carl_Linnaeus
John Torrey
John Torrey (August 15, 1796 – March 10, 1873) was an American botanist.
Torrey was born in New York City. He showed a fondness for mechanics, and at one time planned to become a machinist, but when he was 15 or 16 years of age his father received an appointment to the state prison at Greenwich Village, New York, where he was tutored by Amos Eaton, then a prisoner and later a pioneer of natural history studies in America. He thus learned the elements of botany, as well as something of mineralogy and chemistry. In 1815 he began the study of medicine with Wright Post, qualifying in 1818. He opened an office in New York City, and engaged in the practice of medicine, at the same time devoting his leisure to botany and other scientific pursuits.
In 1817, he became one of the founders of the New York Lyceum of Natural History (now the New York Academy of Science), and one of his first contributions to this body was his Catalogue of Plants growing spontaneously within Thirty Miles of the City of New York (Albany, 1819). Its publication gained for him the recognition of foreign and native botanists. In 1824 he issued the only volume of his Flora of the Northern and Middle States.

wn.com/John_Torrey

Holly Madison Naked Video

Holly Madison bares all to show that the hottest fashion is all about compassion!...

published: 08 Feb 2008

author: officialpeta

Weezer - Buddy Holly

This is the music video of Weezer performing Buddy Holly on the classic TV show "Happy Day...

published: 17 Feb 2007

author: Rayman1701

Weezer - Buddy Holly

published: 17 Jun 2009

author: WeezerVEVO

Holly Jolly Holiday TAG 2!

Watch Kristee's video! www.youtube.com Subscribe to Kristee! www.youtube.com Watch the ori...

published: 18 Nov 2012

author: beautybaby44

Buddy Holly - Everyday

This song always makes me happy....

published: 23 Oct 2007

author: nocturon

Dog Whisperer: Showdown with Holly

While dealing with Holly's food aggression, Cesar gets bitten on the hand. Dog Whisperer: ...

published: 13 Sep 2012

author: NatGeoWild

Holly Dolly Dolly Song

This is what i call HIT !!!...

published: 26 Oct 2007

author: pomaretto

Holly Berry Revealed!

Ellen finally revealed the celebrity that was behind her 12 Days mascot, Holly Berry. It w...

published: 04 Jan 2013

author: TheEllenShow

Rameses B ft. Holly Drummond - Dreaming

What a gem! Artist Recordings will return with another FREE Album! On August 13th the Albu...

published: 09 Jul 2012

author: Liquicity

sigla holly e benji forever

vedete se vi piace sta canzone......

published: 10 Oct 2008

author: zucculella

WWE '12 Community Showcase - Hardcore Holly (Xbox 360)

WWE '12 Community Showcase: Hardcore Holly (Xbox 360) Download Details: caws.smacktalks.or...

published: 05 Oct 2012

author: Smacktalks

Cerebellar Hypoplasia Rehabilitation - Holly's Story

Well done on your amazing progress Holly! This video shows Holly's progress over a two yea...

published: 30 Nov 2008

author: SensoryLearningAus

[EDM] - TwoThirds - Tonight (feat. Holly Drummond) [Monstercat Release]

Monstercat 009 - Reunion Album is now available! Support your favourite Monstercat Artists...

published: 29 Aug 2012

author: MonstercatMedia

Movie Star Bios - Holly Hunter

Get to know Hollywood's elite as never before. Join Lizzy Lovette as she reveals the insid...

published: 30 May 2011

author: mnctventertainment

100 Riffs (A Brief History of Rock N' Roll)

Alex Chadwick plays 100 famous guitar riffs in one take giving you a chronological history...

published: 04 Jun 2012

author: Chicago Music Exchange

LCD Soundsystem "Home"

Directed by Rick Darge Produced by Mark Armes www.funwunce.com Concept by Rick Darge & M...

published: 21 Sep 2010

author: FUNWUNCE

Old Fangs

I directed this film with Alan Holly in 2008/009 Made in / produced by the Cartoon Saloon,...

published: 25 Sep 2009

author: adrien merigeau

The 3rd Letter

The 3rd Letter Runtime: 15min. Presented by Marauder Film Directed by Grzegorz Jonkajtys...

published: 29 Apr 2010

author: grzegorz jonkajtys

Holly e Benji - 001 - La grande sfida (1-2)

Holly e Benji - 001 - La grande sfida (1-2)...

published: 20 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 001 - La grande sfida (2-2)

Holly e Benji - 001 - La grande sfida (2-2)...

published: 20 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 002 - Le due scuole rivali (1-2)

Holly e Benji - 002 - Le due scuole rivali (1-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 002 - Le due scuole rivali (2-2)

Holly e Benji - 002 - Le due scuole rivali (2-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 003 - La nuova squadra (1-2)

Holly e Benji - 003 - La nuova squadra (1-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 003 - La nuova squadra (2-2)

Holly e Benji - 003 - La nuova squadra (2-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 004 - Il mio migliore amico (1-2)

Holly e Benji - 004 - Il mio migliore amico (1-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 004 - Il mio migliore amico (2-2)

Holly e Benji - 004 - Il mio migliore amico (2-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 005 - La resa dei conti (1-2)

Holly e Benji - 005 - La resa dei conti (1-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 005 - La resa dei conti (2-2)

Holly e Benji - 005 - La resa dei conti (2-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 006 - Il ritorno di papà (1-2)

Holly e Benji - 006 - Il ritorno di papà (1-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 006 - Il ritorno di papà (2-2)

Holly e Benji - 006 - Il ritorno di papà (2-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 007 - Lotta senza sosta (1-2)

Holly e Benji - 007 - Lotta senza sosta (1-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

Holly e Benji - 007 - Lotta senza sosta (2-2)

Holly e Benji - 007 - Lotta senza sosta (2-2)...

published: 31 Jan 2009

author: Animehollyebenji

100 Riffs (A Brief History of Rock N' Roll)

Alex Chadwick plays 100 famous guitar riffs in one take giving you a chronological history...

published: 04 Jun 2012

author: Chicago Music Exchange

LCD Soundsystem "Home"

Directed by Rick Darge Produced by Mark Armes www.funwunce.com Concept by Rick Darge & M...

published: 21 Sep 2010

author: FUNWUNCE

Old Fangs

I directed this film with Alan Holly in 2008/009 Made in / produced by the Cartoon Saloon,...

published: 25 Sep 2009

author: adrien merigeau

The 3rd Letter

The 3rd Letter Runtime: 15min. Presented by Marauder Film Directed by Grzegorz Jonkajtys...

published: 29 Apr 2010

author: grzegorz jonkajtys

Frankenstein Balloon How To!

http://www.balloonhowto.com Alright, I know you guys have been patiently waiting for this ...

published: 17 Oct 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Easy Halloween Balloon Centerpiece!

http://www.balloonhowto.com Hey guys! I hope you enjoy this second BONUS video for the w...

published: 15 Oct 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Balloon Witch Costume!

For information on where to buy the balloons used in this video visit - http://www.balloon...

published: 02 Oct 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Halloween Cat Balloon How To

http://www.balloonhowto.com Hello everyone! Welcome to another instructional balloon how t...

published: 10 Oct 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Bat Balloon How To - Tutorial Tuesday!

Welcome to another Tutorial Tuesday! It's time to learn how to make a Bat Balloon Animal!...

published: 26 Sep 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Tutorial Tuesday - Panda Bear Balloon Animal!!!

I have been getting A LOT of requests to make this animal, I hope you guys like it! Defin...

published: 08 Jun 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Tutorial Tuesday - Hamster!

Welcome to another Tutorial Tuesday (on Wednesday)! In this video I show you how to make a...

published: 08 Jun 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Tutorial Tuesday - Friendly Monster!

Welcome to another Tutorial Tuesday! In this video I show you how to make a really quick ...

published: 08 Jun 2012

author: Holly Hopper

UMBRELLA BALLOON - Tutorial Tuesday!

It was a wet, rainy day when I filmed this so I figured why not make an umbrella balloon t...

published: 08 Jun 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Platypus Balloon How To

Holly instructs how to make a purple platypus. It's very simple with only 3 balloons and ...

published: 08 Jun 2012

author: Holly Hopper

2 Balloon Gun How To

Happy Tutorial Tuesday! In this video you'll learn how to make a simple and quick gun out...

published: 08 Jun 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Princess Kitty Balloon How To - Tutorial Tuesday!

Happy Tutorial Tuesday everyone! This week I show you how to make a princess kitty out of...

published: 08 Jun 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Race Car Balloon How To - Tutorial Tuesday

Learn how to make an impressive and cute Race Car out of balloons! To make this balloon a...

published: 08 Jun 2012

author: Holly Hopper

Fairy Balloon How To - Tutorial Tuesday

Hey everyone! This is a video I recorded before I started doing Tutorial Tuesdays. Sorry ...

published: 08 Jun 2012

author: Holly Hopper

100 Riffs (A Brief History of Rock N' Roll)

Alex Chadwick plays 100 famous guitar riffs in one take giving you a chronological history...

published: 04 Jun 2012

author: Chicago Music Exchange

LCD Soundsystem "Home"

Directed by Rick Darge Produced by Mark Armes www.funwunce.com Concept by Rick Darge & M...

published: 21 Sep 2010

author: FUNWUNCE

Old Fangs

I directed this film with Alan Holly in 2008/009 Made in / produced by the Cartoon Saloon,...

published: 25 Sep 2009

author: adrien merigeau

The 3rd Letter

The 3rd Letter Runtime: 15min. Presented by Marauder Film Directed by Grzegorz Jonkajtys...

published: 29 Apr 2010

author: grzegorz jonkajtys

BUDDY HOLLY - 'Peggy Sue' - 78rpm 1958

Buddy's second UK release. Originally came out on the 'Vogue Coral' label here in 1957 (wh...

published: 25 Jul 2010

author: 12bar145ne

rare Buddy Holly interview by Alan Freed

Buddy Holly interviewed by Alan Freed. Date unknown....

published: 25 Jul 2010

author: 12bar145ne

BUDDY HOLLY - Peggy sue - Vidéo clip

Original Buddy holly 59's...

published: 25 Jul 2010

author: 12bar145ne

Weezer - Buddy Holly

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

Buddy Holly on the Arthur Murray Dance Party 12/29/57

Buddy Holly and the Crickets made an appearance on the Arthur Murray Dance Party on Decemb...

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

Weezer - Buddy Holly

This is the music video of Weezer performing Buddy Holly on the classic TV show "Happy Day...

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

Buddy Holly - Everyday

This song always makes me happy....

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

Buddy Holly's '58 Impala

This was one of the last cars Buddy Holly owned. It has since been restored/rebuilt....

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

Umm Oh Yeah (Dearest) - Buddy Holly

One of my personal Buddy Holly favourites. It is often just called Dearest....

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

Raining In My Heart - Buddy Holly

Picture Video to Buddy Holly & The Crickets 'Raining In My Heart'. No Copyright infringme...

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

The Real Buddy Holly Story 1 of 10

The complete, video biography of rock 'n' roll legend Buddy Holly, produced and hosted by ...

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

The Real Buddy Holly Story 2 of 10

The complete, video biography of rock 'n' roll legend Buddy Holly, produced and hosted by ...

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

The Real Buddy Holly Story 3 of 10

The complete, video biography of rock 'n' roll legend Buddy Holly, produced and hosted by ...

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

The Real Buddy Holly Story 4 of 10

The complete, video biography of rock 'n' roll legend Buddy Holly, produced and hosted by ...

published: 12 Dec 2009

author: 12bar145ne

100 Riffs (A Brief History of Rock N' Roll)

Alex Chadwick plays 100 famous guitar riffs in one take giving you a chronological history...

published: 04 Jun 2012

author: Chicago Music Exchange

LCD Soundsystem "Home"

Directed by Rick Darge Produced by Mark Armes www.funwunce.com Concept by Rick Darge & M...

published: 21 Sep 2010

author: FUNWUNCE

Old Fangs

I directed this film with Alan Holly in 2008/009 Made in / produced by the Cartoon Saloon,...

published: 25 Sep 2009

author: adrien merigeau

The 3rd Letter

The 3rd Letter Runtime: 15min. Presented by Marauder Film Directed by Grzegorz Jonkajtys...

published: 29 Apr 2010

author: grzegorz jonkajtys

Not Fade Away | Florence + The Machine

http://raveonbuddyholly.com - Here's the music video for Florence + The Machine's take on ...

published: 27 Jun 2011

author: musicianswanted

Maybe Baby | Justin Townes Earle

http://raveonbuddyholly.com - Here's a video for Justin Townes Earle's take on the classic...

published: 27 Jun 2011

author: musicianswanted

Weezer - Buddy Holly

published: 27 Jun 2011

author: musicianswanted

American Pie by Don McLean

I do not own the rights to this song....

published: 27 Jun 2011

author: musicianswanted

Rave On Buddy Holly EPK

http://raveonbuddyholly.com - Check out the EPK for RAVE ON BUDDY HOLLY, the new Buddy Hol...

published: 27 Jun 2011

author: musicianswanted

Buddy Holly on the Arthur Murray Dance Party 12/29/57

Buddy Holly and the Crickets made an appearance on the Arthur Murray Dance Party on Decemb...

published: 27 Jun 2011

author: musicianswanted

Buddy Holly - Everyday

This song always makes me happy....

published: 27 Jun 2011

author: musicianswanted

Buddy Holly Interview with Ronnie King

Ronnie King interviewing Buddy Holly...

published: 27 Jun 2011

author: musicianswanted

buddy holly - That'll Be the Day - The Best of Buddy Holly t

Cinderella-Night_Songs buddy holly - That'll Be the Day - The Best of Buddy Holly the M...

published: 27 Jun 2011

author: musicianswanted

100 Riffs (A Brief History of Rock N' Roll)

Alex Chadwick plays 100 famous guitar riffs in one take giving you a chronological history...

published: 04 Jun 2012

author: Chicago Music Exchange

LCD Soundsystem "Home"

Directed by Rick Darge Produced by Mark Armes www.funwunce.com Concept by Rick Darge & M...

published: 21 Sep 2010

author: FUNWUNCE

Old Fangs

I directed this film with Alan Holly in 2008/009 Made in / produced by the Cartoon Saloon,...

published: 25 Sep 2009

author: adrien merigeau

The 3rd Letter

The 3rd Letter Runtime: 15min. Presented by Marauder Film Directed by Grzegorz Jonkajtys...

published: 29 Apr 2010

author: grzegorz jonkajtys

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photo: AP / Channi Anand

An Indian army soldier patrols near the line of control, the line that divides Kashmir between India and Pakistan, after a reported cease-fire violation, in Mendhar, Poonch district, about 210 kilometers (131 miles) from Jammu, India, Wednesday, Jan. 9, 2013.

India lashes out at Pakistan after deadly Kashmir encounter

The Star

09 Jan 2013

JAMMU, India (Reuters) - India slammed arch-rival Pakistan on Wednesday over a fire fight in the disputed territory of Kashmir in which two of its soldiers were killed, and said the mutilation of one of the bodies was "inhuman". India's Defence Minister A.K. Antony waits to speak at a plenary session of the 11th International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS) Asia Security Summit ... REUTERS/Tim Chong ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)

photo: AP / Jacques Brinon

Kurdish activists gather outside a building where three Kurdish women were shot dead, in Paris, Thursday, Jan. 10, 2013. Police say three Kurdish women have been shot dead at a pro-Kurdish centre in Paris in what the French interior minister is calling an execution.

Three Kurdish women shot dead in Paris

The Times of India

10 Jan 2013

PARIS. Three Kurdish women, including one of the founders of a militant group battling Turkish troops since 1984, were "executed" at a Kurdish center in Paris, the interior minister said on Thursday. Turkey's Anadolu news agency identified one of the victims as Sakine Cansiz, a founding member of the Kurdistan Workers Party, or PKK ... He called it a "totally intolerable act." ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)

photo: AP / Alexandre Meneghini

In this Oct. 24, 2012 photo, soldiers stop to check a car as they patrol in a convoy near the town of El Alcalde in Michoacan state, Mexico. Knights Templar, a quasi-religious drug cartel that controls the area and most of the state, monitors the movements of the military and police around the clock.

Mexico to compensate drug-violence victims

Al Jazeera

10 Jan 2013

Mexican has enacted a law that will ensure that the victims and relatives of crime are compensated with payments and social services from the state. The law, enacted by President Enrique Pena Nieto on Wednesday, comprises the creation of a fund to pay relatives up to $70,000 in compensation for an innocent victim killed in attacks by drug gangs ... “There are thousands of people who have suffered the ravages of violence ... Share ... ....(size: 18.3Kb)

photo: White House / Pete Souza

File - Members of Congress, the Cabinet, and Supreme Court applaud as President Barack Obama enters the House Chamber to deliver his State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress, Jan. 27, 2010.

Unworthy Governments and the Paine of It All

WorldNews.com

10 Jan 2013

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Lay then, the axe to the root, and teach governments humanity. It is their sanguinary punishments which corrupt mankind." -Thomas Paine, "The Rights of Man". If alive today, Thomas Paine would recognize that the United States Government is not worthy of its citizens ... He would caution the People ... Paine would also empathize with ... In another town, Paine would identify with ... (1) Paine, Thomas....(size: 4.8Kb)

photo: AP / NSW Rural Fire Service, James Morris

In this photo provided by the New South Wales Rural Fire Service a wildfire near Deans Gap, Australia, crosses the Princes Highway Tuesday, Jan. 8, 2013.

Australia fires rage across regions with record-high temperatures

Denver Post

10 Jan 2013

Tammy Holmes, second from left, holds 2-year-old Charlotte Walker, left, and Esther Walker, 4, as they find refuge in water as fires rage nearby in Tasmania last week. Joining them were, from right, Caleb Walker, 6, Matilda Walker, 11, and Liam Walker, 9. Record temperatures across southern Australia cooled Wednesday, but the reprieve from the summer's extreme heat is expected to be brief. (Provided by the Holmes family) ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)

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Shaking off those Snakes

The Examiner

11 Jan 2013

Elvis Hollie, Associate Minister of New Vision Christian Church at a recent Sunday morning worship service ... Hollie brought clarity and inspiration to a text which is often misunderstood and abused ... Hollie ... Hollie continued, “When you have Jesus on your side you can shake the snakes off that latch onto you....(size: 1.7Kb)

Stanley woman accused of shooting at random cars

Rocky Mount Telegram

11 Jan 2013

MOUNT HOLLY — Authorities in Mount Holly have arrested a 26-year-old woman and accused her of shooting at random passing vehicles ... on Belmont-Mount Holly Road....(size: 0.9Kb)

AnikaBoh&Hollie; To Release Debut Album 'Peace of Mind'

Scoop

11 Jan 2013

ANIKABOH&HOLLIE ... Sony Music is proud to announce the February 1st release of ‘Peace of Mind’ – the stunning debut album from AnikaBoh&Hollie. Anika Moa, Boh Runga and Hollie Smith are three iconic New Zealand songwriters and artists, strong women with voices and personalities to match ... As Hollie said “we just loved sharing what we had created and seeing it come together on stage with an audience....(size: 3.5Kb)

Hollis Brown debut LP out 3/5

The Examiner

11 Jan 2013

Taking queues from classic pop, rock’n’roll, and Americana, Hollis Brown combines raw rock sensibilities with sweet melodies and heartfelt lyrics to create a rich, warm sound that can fill any room ... Having already performed alongside Deer Tick and Caveman, Hollis Brown will hit the road for a mini East-coast tour this month ... Hollis Brown on Tour.....(size: 1.8Kb)

Scandal Recap: A Torturous Wait

Yahoo Daily News

11 Jan 2013

Meanwhile, Vera confesses to Olivia her role in Huck’s arrest — as well as alerts Liv, Cyrus and Mellie to her suspicion that Hollis Doyle was Becky’s backer. Armed with that info, Harrison and Abby collaborate to find Hollis’ secret phone and lift from it the only number he ever called ... Sally whines to Hollis how Mellie and Cyrus are treating her like an idiot child, yet she can’t challenge their claim without looking opportunistic....(size: 6.0Kb)

Hopkins girls crush DeLaSalle

Star Tribune

11 Jan 2013

A bump in the road didn't do much to discourage Hopkins ... 2-ranked DeLaSalle to get back on track Thursday night ... You gotta forget the refs," Hopkins Nia Hollie said after scoring 16 points. "[The loss] motivated us ... Hopkins won from the stripe, hitting 23 of 34 (67.6 percent), led by Hollie's 8-for-8 ... While Coffey sat on the bench in the first half, Hollie, Taylor Anderson and Erin O'Toole made up for her absence ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)

Office Depot Announces "Organize Me 2013" to Help Spread Organization Inspiration in 2013

Stockhouse

11 Jan 2013

To kick-off the campaign, home/office organization expert Holly Bohn-Weiss, along with tech guru and author of “Gadget Nation,” Steve Greenberg, will share their unique tips, product suggestions and informative videos, as well as host a contest to search for the next great organizer ... For almost a decade, Holly has been providing ......(size: 5.9Kb)

AP-BKC--Temple-Xavier Box, BKC

Dayton Daily News

11 Jan 2013

Lee 6-11 3-4 15, Hollis-Jefferson 4-9 3-3 11, Randall 5-15 0-0 13, Wyatt 2-11 1-1 5, Cummings ... Assists_Temple 14 (Hollis-Jefferson 6), Xavier 10 (Davis 3)....(size: 0.8Kb)

Scandal Review: Ends and Means

IMDb

11 Jan 2013

Hollis Doyle is behind the assassination President Grant is awake, just in the nick of time ... Two things that leap immediately to mind that could've been much improved upon are Verna and Hollis' stories. » ... ....(size: 1.0Kb)

'Scandal' Case Study: Tony Goldwyn on Mellie's Mess and Fitz's Shifting Love for Olivia

The Hollywood Reporter

11 Jan 2013

How will Fitz help in the effort to stop Hollis? Will he learn of the election rigging in the process? ... Fitz can't understand why Hollis would want him dead, it makes no sense to him ... We know it's Becky who set Huck up and we think it's Hollis who set her up and that makes no sense to Fitz ... He's allowing Cyrus, the CIA and the FBI to do their job but I don’t think he accepts it's Hollis....(size: 11.2Kb)

Detroiter arraigned in cab driver's killing

Detroit Free Press

11 Jan 2013

A 39-year-old Detroit man was arraigned on murder charges Thursday in connection with last week's shooting death of a cab driver on Detroit's west side. William M ... 3 slaying of Tyrone Hitchcock, 48, of Detroit ... near Sunderland and Cambridge, just north of 7 Mile near the Southfield Freeway ... Jerry Hollis, a manager at Metropolitan Cab, said Hitchcock's death has been painful for the staff. "It hurts like we lost a brother," Hollis said ... 17....(size: 2.3Kb)

'Top Of The Lake' Trailer Gives First Look at Jane Campion’s Haunting New Murder Mystery (Video)

The Hollywood Reporter

11 Jan 2013

share ... The six-part murder mystery stars Mad Men’s Elisabeth Moss as detective Robin Griffin, War Horse’s Peter Mullan as the local drug lord Matt Mitcham and Holly Hunter as a mysterious guru named G.J. PHOTOS ... But the spectacular New Zealand setting, the richly imagined community and the women’s camp led by Holly Hunter’s enigmatic guru GJ, bring real depth, color and distinction to this production.” ... ....(size: 5.6Kb)

Demand for gold predicted to rise in global transition to multi-currency reserve system (World Gold Council)

noodls

11 Jan 2013

(Source. World Gold Council) 11 Jan, 2013. Beijing, 11 January 2013 - Demand for gold is likely to rise as the world heads towards a multi-currency reserve system under the impact of uncertainty about the stability of the dollar and the euro, the main official assets held by central banks and sovereign funds ... It states ... According to Natalie Dempster, World Gold Council Director of Government Affairs. ... Holly Topham, ... holly.topham@omfif.org....(size: 5.3Kb)

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"Ilex" redirects here. For other uses, see Ilex (disambiguation).

This article is about the plant. For other uses, see Holly (disambiguation).

Ilex

Ilex paraguariensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Angiosperms
Class:	Eudicots
Order:	Aquifoliales
Family:	Aquifoliaceae DC. ex A.Rich.
Genus:	Ilex L.
Species
About 600, see text

European Holly (Ilex aquifolium) leaves and fruit

Ilex ( /ˈaɪlɛks/), or holly,^[1] is a genus of 400 to 600 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. The species are evergreen and deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide.

1 Description
2 Ecology
3 Etymology
4 Miscellaneous
5 Selected species
6 Gallery
7 References
8 External links

Description [link]

Ilex is a genus belonging to the family Aquifoliaceae, native of Afro-Eurasia, Australia and the Americas, established by Carl Linnaeus. It has over 300 species in the subtropical regions of both hemispheres. The genus includes species of trees, shrubs, and climbers, with evergreen or deciduous foliage and inconspicuous flowers. The genus was more extended in the tertiary and many species have adapted to laurel forest habitat. Ilex is adapted from sea level to more than 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) with high mountain species. Ilex are dioecious and have smooth, glabrous, or pubescent branchlets. The plants are generally slow-growing but over time can reach more than 10 m (33 ft). The genus name aquifolium is derived from the Latin (acer = "acute" & folium = "leaf"). Many are evergreen tree with some species growing to 25 m (82 ft) tall. Type species is the Mediterranean Ilex aquifolium described by Linnaeus.^[2]

Plants in this genus have simple, alternate glossy leaves, typically with a spiny toothed, or serrated leaf margin.

Ilex genus members also have small flowers. The flower is from greenish to white, with four petals. Male and female commonly flower on different plants, although there are exceptions. The pollination is done by bees and other insects.

The small fruits of Ilex, although often referred to as berries, are technically drupes^[3]. They range in color from red to brown to black, and rarely green or yellow. The "bones" contain up to ten seeds each. Some species produce fruits parthenogenetically, such as the cultivar 'Nellie R. Stevens'. The fruits ripen in winter and offer a pleasant color contrast with that of the plants' foliage. They are generally slightly toxic and can cause vomiting and diarrhea when ingested by humans. However, they are a very important food source for birds and other wildlife, and in winter the Ilex is an important source of food and shelter.

Ecology [link]

North American Ilex mucronata formerly named Nemopanthus mucronata.

Hollies (here, Ilex aquifolium) are dioecious: (above) shoot with flowers from male plant; (top right) male flower enlarged from female plant; (lower right) female flower enlarged, showing stamen and reduced, sterile stamens with no pollen.

The phylogeography of this group provides examples of various speciation mechanisms at work. In this scenario ancestors of this group became isolated from the remaining Ilex when the Earth mass broke away from Gondwana and Laurasia about 82 million years ago, resulting in a physical separation of the groups and beginning a process of change to adapt to new conditions. This mechanism is called allopatric speciation. Over time survivor species of the holly genus adapted to different ecological niches. This led to reproductive isolation, an example of ecological speciation. In the Pliocene, around five million years ago, the formation of the new orogeny^{[clarification needed]} diversified the landscape and provided new opportunities for speciation within the genus.

The fossil record indicates that the Ilex lineage was already cosmopolitan long before the end of the Cretaceous. Based on the molecular clock the common ancestor of most of the extant species probably appeared during the Eocene, about 50 million years ago, suggesting that older representatives of the genus belong to now extinct branches.^[4] The laurel forest habitat, where most of the species of the genus Ilex are present then and now, covered great areas of the Earth, during the Paleogene, when the genus Ilex was more prosperous. This type of forest extended during the Neogene, more than 20 million years ago. Most of the last remaining temperate evergreen forests are believed to have disappeared about 10,000 years ago at the end of the Pleistocene. Many of the then existing species with strictest ecological requirements became extinct because they could not cross the barriers imposed by the geography, but others found refuge as a species relict in coastal enclaves, archipelagos, and coastal mountains sufficiently far from the extreme cold and aridity and protected by the oceanic influence.

The genus includes about 400 to 600 species, divided into three subgenera:

Ilex subg. Byronia, with the type species Ilex polypyrena
Ilex subg. Prinos, with 12 species
Ilex subg. Ilex, with the rest of the over 400 species

The genus is distributed throughout the world's different climates. Most species make their home in the tropics and subtropics, with a wide distribution in temperate zones of Asia, Europe, Africa, North America and South America, but also in remote areas like Australia and the Pacific Islands. The greatest diversity of species is found in the Americas and in Southeast Asia.

Ilex mucronata was formerly the type species of Nemopanthus, is native to eastern North America.^[5] Nemopanthus was treated as a own monotypic genus with eight species ^[6] of the family Aquifoliaceae, now transferred to Ilex on molecular data;^[7] it is closely related to Ilex amelanchier.^[8] In Europe the genus is represented by a single species, the classically named Holly Ilex aquifolium. In continental Africa this former and (Ilex mitis). Ilex canariensis in the Macaronesia and Ilex aquifolium arose from a common ancestor in the area of laurisilva in the Mediterranean area. The early isolated Australia have (Ilex arnhemensis). In China grow 204 species, of which 149 species are endemic. Which stands out for its economic importance among the Spanish-speaking countries is Ilex paraguariensis or Yerba mate. Having evolved numerous species that are endemic to islands and small mountain ranges, and being highly useful plants, many hollies are now becoming rare. Often the tropical species are especially threatened by the habitat destruction and overexploitation. At least two species of Ilex have become extincts recently, and many others are barely surviving. ^[9] The fruits are toxic to humans, though their poisonous properties are overstated and fatalities are almost unknown. ^[10] ^[11] They are extremely important food for numerous species of birds, and also are eaten by other wild animals. In the autumn and early winter the fruits are hard and apparently unpalatable. After being frozen or frosted several times, the fruits soften, and become milder in taste. During winter storms, birds often take refuge in hollies, which provide shelter, protection from predators (by the spiny leaves), and food. The flowers are sometimes eaten by the larva of the Double-striped Pug moth (Gymnoscelis rufifasciata). Other Lepidoptera whose larvae feed on holly include Bucculatrix ilecella, which feeds exclusively on hollies, and The Engrailed (Ectropis crepuscularia).

Etymology [link]

Originally the name of "ilex" was that of the European species (Ilex aquifolium), many representatives of the genus Ilex were also called by the common name “holly” because of the obvious resemblance. In Roman times, the Roman people in Latin language originally designated as Ilex the evergreen oak, named today scientifically (Quercus ilex). The leaves of the holly actually recall those of the oak.

The origin of the word "holly" is considered a reduced form of Old English hole(ġ)n,^[12]Middle English Holin, later Hollen.^[13] ^[14] The French word for holly, houx, derives from the Old Low Franconian *hulis (Middle Dutch huls).^[15] Both are related to Old High German hulis, huls,^[16] as do Low German/Low Franconian terms like Hülse or hulst. These Germanic words appear to be related to words for holly in Celtic languages, such as Welsh celyn, Breton kelen(n) and Irish cuileann. ^[17] The botanical name ilex was the original Latin name for the Holm Oak (Quercus ilex), which has similar foliage to common holly, and is occasionally confused with it. ^[18] Several romance languages use the Latin word acrifolium (turned into aquifolium in modern time), so Italian agrifoglio, Occitan grefuèlh, etc. ^[19]

Miscellaneous [link]

A 'Highclere' holly variety

The berries of various species are slightly toxic to humans, although its poisonous properties have been exaggerated and poisoning deaths are almost unknown. Berries attract birds that eat them after the frosts have reduced toxicity.

Several holly species are used to make caffeine-rich herbal teas. The South American Yerba Mate (I. paraguariensis) is boiled for the popular revigorating drinks Mate, and Chimarrão, and steeped in water for the cold Tereré. Guayusa (I. guayusa) is used both as a stimulant and as an admixture to the entheogenic tea ayahuasca; its leaves have the highest known caffeine content of any plant. In North and Central America, Yaupon (I. vomitoria), was used by southeastern Native Americans as a ceremonial stimulant and emetic known as "the black drink".^[20] As the name suggests, the tea's purgative properties were one of its main uses, most often ritually. Gallberry (Appalachian Tea, I. glabra) is a milder substitute for Yaupon and does not have caffeine. In China, the young leaf buds of I. kudingcha are processed in a method similar to green tea to make a tisane called kǔdīng chá (苦丁茶, roughly "bitter spikeleaf tea").

Traditional Christmas card with generic "holly". Circa 1880s

Holly is commonly referenced at Christmas time. In many western cultures, holly is a traditional Christmas decoration, used especially in wreaths. Many of the hollies are widely used as ornamental plants in gardens and parks. Several hybrids and numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use, among them the very popular "Highclere hollies", Ilex × altaclerensis (I. aquifolium × I. perado) and the "blue hollies", Ilex × meserveae (I. aquifolium × I. rugosa).^[21] Hollies are often used for hedges; the spiny leaves make them difficult to penetrate, and they take well to pruning and shaping.^[22] In heraldry, holly is used to symbolise truth.

Between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries, before the introduction of turnips, holly was cultivated for use as winter fodder for cattle and sheep.^[23] Less spiny varieties of holly were preferred, and in practice the leaves growing near the top of the tree have far fewer spines making them more suitable for fodder.

Holly was also once among the traditional woods for Great Highland bagpipes before tastes turned to imported dense tropical woods such as cocuswood, ebony, and African blackwood.^[24]

The Norwegian municipality of Stord has a yellow twig of Holly in its Coat-of-arms.

Selected species [link]

Ilex abscondita
Ilex acutidenticulata
Ilex affinis
Ilex × altaclarensis
Ilex altiplana
Ilex amara – Caachira
Ilex ambigua – Sand Holly
Ilex amelanchier – Swamp Holly
Ilex anomala Hook. & Arn. – Kāwaʻu (Hawaiʻi)^[25]
Ilex anonoides
Ilex aquifolium – European Holly, English Holly, Christ's Thorn
- Ilex aquifolium 'Ferox' – Hedgehog holly
Ilex aracamuniana
Ilex argentina
Ilex arisanensis
Ilex arnhemensis – Northern Holly (Northern Australia)
Ilex bioritsensis
Ilex brachyphylla
Ilex brasiliensis
Ilex brevicuspis
Ilex brevipedicellata
Ilex buergeri
Ilex canariensis – Small-leaved Holly, Acebino
Ilex caniensis
Ilex cassine – Dahoon Holly, Cassena
Ilex centrochinensis
Ilex cerasifolia
Ilex chamaedryfolia
Ilex chapaensis
Ilex chengkouensis
Ilex chinensis
Ilex chuniana
Ilex ciliolata
Ilex ciliospinosa
Ilex cognata
Ilex colchica
Ilex collina
Ilex conocarpa
Ilex cookii – Cook's Holly (Puerto Rico)
Ilex corallina
Ilex coriacea – Gallberry
Ilex cornuta – Chinese Holly, Horned Holly
Ilex costaricensis
Ilex cowanii
Ilex crenata – Japanese Holly, Box-leaved Holly, inutsuge (Japanese)
Ilex crepitans
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex dabieshanensis
Ilex davidsei
Ilex decidua Walter – Possumhaw (Eastern United States, Northeastern Mexico)
Ilex dehongensis
Ilex dimorphophylla
Ilex diospyroides
Ilex dipyrena – Himalayan Holly
Ilex dumosa
Ilex ericoides
Ilex euryoides
Ilex fargesii
Ilex fengqingensis
Ilex fertilis
Ilex florifera
Ilex gardneriana (extinct: 20th century?)
Ilex geniculata
Ilex georgei
Ilex gigantea
Ilex glabella
Ilex glabra L. A.Gray – Evergreen Winterberry, Bitter Gallberry, Inkberry (Eastern North America)
Ilex gleasoniana
Ilex goshiensis
Ilex graciliflora
Ilex grandiflora
Ilex guaiquinimae
Ilex guayusa – Guayusa
Ilex guianensis
Ilex harrisii
Ilex holstii
Ilex huachamacariana
Ilex humboldtiana
Ilex ignicola
Ilex illustris
Ilex integerrima
Ilex integra – Mochi Tree, Nepal Holly
Ilex intricata
Ilex jamaicana Proctor (Jamaica)
Ilex jauaensis
Ilex jelskii
Ilex karuaiana
Ilex khasiana
Ilex kingiana
Ilex kudingcha
Ilex kusanoi
Ilex laevigata – Smooth Winterberry
Ilex lasseri
Ilex latifolia – Tarajo Holly, tarayō (Japanese)
Ilex lechleri
Ilex leucoclada
Ilex longipes
Ilex longzhouensis
Ilex machilifolia
Ilex maclurei
Ilex macoucoua
Ilex macrocarpa
Ilex macropoda
Ilex magnifructa
Ilex maingayi
Ilex marahuacae
Ilex marginata
Ilex margratesavage
Ilex mathewsii
Ilex × meserveae
Ilex microdonta
Ilex mitis
Ilex montana Torrey & A.Gray – Mountain Winterberry (Eastern United States)
Ilex mucronata (L.) M.Powell, Savol., & S.Andrews – Mountain Holly, Catberry (Eastern North America)
Ilex myrtifolia – Myrtle Holly, Myrtle Dahoon
Ilex neblinensis
Ilex nothofagifolia
Ilex oblonga
Ilex occulta
Ilex opaca – American Holly (Eastern United States)
Ilex ovalifolia
Ilex palawanica
Ilex pallida
Ilex paraguariensis – Maté, yerba maté, erva-mate (Portuguese)
Ilex parvifructa
Ilex patens
Ilex pauciflora
Ilex paujiensis
Ilex pedunculosa – Longstalked holly
Ilex peiradena
Ilex perado – Madeiran Holly
Ilex perlata
Ilex pernyi – Perny's Holly
Ilex polita
Ilex praetermissa
Ilex pringlei
Ilex pseudobuxus
Ilex puberula
Ilex pubescens
Ilex pubiflora
Ilex purpurea
Ilex qianlingshanensis
Ilex quercetorum
Ilex quercifolia
Ilex rarasanensis
Ilex reticulata
Ilex rotunda
Ilex rugosa
Ilex sclerophylla
Ilex serrata – Japanese Winterberry
Ilex sessilifructa
Ilex shimeica
Ilex sikkimensis
Ilex sintenisii (Urban) Britt. – Sintenis' Holly (Puerto Rico)
Ilex sipapoana
Ilex socorroensis
Ilex spinigera
Ilex spruceana
Ilex steyermarkii
Ilex subrotundifolia
Ilex subtriflora
Ilex sugerokii
Ilex sulcata
Ilex syzygiophylla
Ilex tahanensis
Ilex tateana
Ilex taubertiana
Ilex ternatiflora (extinct: 20th century?)
Ilex theezans
Ilex tiricae
Ilex tolucana
Ilex trachyphylla
Ilex trichocarpa
Ilex tugitakayamensis
Ilex uraiensis
Ilex vaccinoides
Ilex venezuelensis
Ilex venulosa
Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray American Winterberry (Eastern North America)
Ilex vomitoria – Yaupon Holly, casseena (Spanish)
Ilex vulcanicola
Ilex wenchowensis
Ilex williamsii
Ilex wilsonii
Ilex yunnanensis
Ilex wugonshanensis
Ilex yuiana^[26]

References [link]

^ Sunset Western Garden Book 1995:606–607
^ "Index Nominum Genericorum". 2009-02-05. http://botany.si.edu/ing/.
^ "Kew Plants and Fungi". 2012-04-11. http://www.kew.org/plants-fungi/Ilex-aquifolium.htm.
^ Loizeau, P.-A.; Barriera G., Manen J.-F. & Broennimann O. (2005). "Towards an understanding of Ilex L. (Aquifoliaceae) on a World-wide scale". In Friis I., Balslev H.,. Plant diversity and complexity patterns: local, regional, and global dimensions : proceedings of an international symposium held at the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in Copenhagen, Denmark, 25-28 May, 2003. Biologiske skrifter. 55. Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskab. pp. 507–517. ISBN 978-87-7304-304-2. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1QwCQFbPsa4C&pg=PA516&lpg=PA516&dq=evolutionary+history+ilex+genus&source=bl&ots=oLwD9cqGtY&sig=d0LR5m0vdOXKsvjlaDDB2O0QxK4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8TeBT8yhGeie0QWBqLyEBw&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=evolutionary%20history%20ilex%20genus&f=false. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
^ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Ilex mucronata
^ Species PPP-index
^ Powell, M., Savolainen, V., Cuénod, P., Manen, J. F., & Andrews, S. (2000). The mountain holly (Nemopanthus mucronatus: Aquifoliaceae) revisited with molecular data. Kew Bulletin 55: 341-347.
^ Alexandra M. Gottlieb, Gustavo C. Giberti & Lidia Poggio (2005). "Molecular analyses of the genus Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) in southern South America, evidence from AFLP and ITS sequence data". American Journal of Botany 92 (2): 352–369. JSTOR 4123880. PMID 21652411. http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/92/2/352.
^ International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (2007): 2007IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:Ilex]
^ Leikin, Jerrold Blair; Frank P. Paloucek (2002). Poisoning & Toxicology Handbook, Third Edition. Hudson, Ohio USA: Lexi-Comp Inc.. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-930598-77-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=iXVqAAAAMAAJ.
^ Turner, Nancy J.; P. von Aderkas (2009). The North American Guide to Common Poisonous Plants and Mushrooms. Timberpress. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-88192-929-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=bmGY5APFfFQC&pg=RA1-PA210.
^ Middle English Holin, later Hollen. Skeat, Walter William (1887). Principles of English etymology, Volume 1. London, U.K.: Clarendon Press. p. 371. http://books.google.com/books?id=VyEFAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA497.
^ T. F. Hoad, English Etymology, Oxford University Press, 1993 (ISBN 0-19-283098-8), p. 218b.
^ Skeat, Walter William (2005). A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Cosimo, Inc.. p. 244. ISBN 978-1-59605-092-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=ls_XijT33IUC&pg=PA244.
^ etymology of "houx" (French)
^ Pick, Edward (1869). An etymological dictionary of the French language. Murray. p. 106. http://books.google.com/books?id=OH8CAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA106.
^ Skeat, Walter William (1882). An etymological dictionary of the English language. Clarendon Press. p. 269. http://books.google.com/books?id=A4M_AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA269.
^ Abbe, Elfriede Martha (1965). The plants of Virgil's Georgics. Cornell University Press. p. 88. http://books.google.com/books?id=njo-AAAAIAAJ.
^ Nettleship, Henry (1889). Contributions to Latin lexicography. Clarendon Press. p. 27. http://books.google.com/books?id=TFfRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA27.
^ Cherokee: Gvnega adatasti (ᎬᏁᎦ ᎠᏓᏔᏍᏘ), Asi (ᎠᏏ).
^ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
^ Northumbria Police: Security starts at the Garden Gate
^ Spray, M. (1981). Holly as a Fodder in England. Agricultural History Review 29 (2): 97. Available online (pdf file). British Agricultural History Society.
^ Joshua Dickson (9 October 2009). The Highland bagpipe: music, history, tradition. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-0-7546-6669-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=JOfk2YpundEC&pg=PA50. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
^ Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989) (PDF). Kāwaʻu, Hawaiian holly. United States Forest Service. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/data/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Ilex_anomala.pdf.
^ Ulloa Ulloa & Jørgensen (1993), eFloras.org (2007a, b), IUCN (2007), RBGE (2007), USDA (2007a, b)

External links [link]

Media related to Ilex at Wikimedia Commons
The Wiktionary entry for ilex
Quotations related to Holly at Wikiquote

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http://cs.wn.com/Cesmína

http://id.wn.com/Aquifoliaceae

http://es.wn.com/Ilex

http://ru.wn.com/Падуб

http://nl.wn.com/Ilex

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http://pl.wn.com/Ostrokrzew

http://fr.wn.com/Ilex

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http://hi.wn.com/शूलपर्णी

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holly

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Holly Madison

Born	Hollin Sue Cullen (1979-12-23) December 23, 1979 (age 32) Astoria, Oregon, U.S.
Residence	Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
Nationality	American
Height	5 ft 5 in (1.65 m)
Television	The Girls Next Door Holly's World
Website
www.hollymadison.com

Hollin Sue Cullen,^[1] professionally known as Holly Madison, (born December 23, 1979^[2]^[3]) is an American model, showgirl and television personality. She is widely known for being one of Hugh Hefner's girlfriends on the reality television series The Girls Next Door. Madison now has her own reality series Holly's World.

Although not a Playboy Playmate, she has appeared in nude pictorials with her Girls Next Door costars, Bridget Marquardt and Kendra Wilkinson. In 2009, she appeared as a contestant on the eighth season of Dancing with the Stars.

1 Early life
2 Career
- 2.1 2003-2009: Playboy and The Girls Next Door
- 2.2 2009-present: Peepshow and Holly's World
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
- 4.1 Film
- 4.2 Television
5 References
6 External links

Early life [link]

Madison was born in Astoria, Oregon.^[2] She has one younger sister, Stephanie, and a younger brother, Joe. Both siblings were featured on season 3 and season 4 episodes of "The Girls Next Door." Her father's work in the timber industry led her family to travel. From ages two through eleven, she lived on Prince of Wales Island, near Ketchikan, Alaska. Her family later moved back to Oregon, this time to St. Helens. She attended Portland State University for two years, majoring in both theater and psychology.^[4]

In 1999, Madison moved to Los Angeles and attended Loyola Marymount University.^[2]

To afford college tuition, she competed to become a Hawaiian Tropic model and worked at Hooters. Madison's appearance at these venues led to invitations to Hefner's Playboy Mansion. After more than a year of such visits, Madison was invited to move in. She became one of Hefner's seven official girlfriends in August 2001. In February 2002, after all but two of his girlfriends left, Madison became Hefner's "#1 Girl" and moved into his bedroom.^[2] She was named among the top Hooters girls of all time in 2008 as part of the restaurant's twenty-fifth anniversary.^[5]

Madison has spoken openly about her cosmetic surgeries, having had both a rhinoplasty and breast augmentation. After the latter procedure, her bust measurements went from an A-cup to a D.^[6] In 2011, Madison announced that she has insured her breasts for $1 million.^[7] She also once had a red Playboy Bunny logo tattooed on her lower back but later had it removed.^[8]

Career [link]

[edit] 2003-2009: Playboy and The Girls Next Door

In 2003, Madison was the subject of a Playboy Cyber Girl of the Week pictorial on the magazine's website. She also appeared on the cover and inside of the November 2005 issue of Playboy, along with Marquardt and Wilkinson, as part of a special pictorial promoting The Girls Next Door. The women were featured again on the covers of the September 2006, March 2008, and February 2009 issues.

In the Season 3 episode "Girls Next Door," Madison stated that she wanted to have a career producing Playboy spreads. During seasons three and four, Madison was shown working at the Playboy studios as an intern and later a junior photo editor. She also helped design and put together The Girls Next Door 2008 calendar.

A self-described animal lover, Madison started writing articles about pets in 2006 for a friend's quarterly magazine, The Coolest Little Pet Magazine. In April 2007, Madison was featured nude in a PETA advertisement, with the tagline "I'd Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur".^[9]

In February 2009, she quit working for the company altogether due to the split from Hefner making her position "awkward".^[10]

[edit] 2009-present: Peepshow and Holly's World

In 2009, Madison attempted a Guinness World Record rallying women from all over Las Vegas to hold the World's "largest bikini parade ever," winning the title.^[11]

Madison was chosen to replace Jewel Kilcher on Dancing with the Stars after Kilcher was forced to withdraw (along with Nancy O'Dell) due to injuries sustained during rehearsal. She partnered with Dmitry Chaplin. On March 31, 2009 Holly and Dmitry were voted off the show in a double elimination episode.^[12]

Madison stars in topless burlesque show Peepshow at Planet Hollywood in Las Vegas. She was brought in to replace Kelly Monaco after Monaco's three month contract was up.^[13] Madison was likewise initially signed to a three month contract, but she has since extended her contract to a full year.^[14]

Like former The Girls Next Door co-star, Kendra Wilkinson, Madison stars in her own reality show, Holly's World,^[15] which revolves around her life at Planet Hollywood in Las Vegas. "It's all good-natured and not mean like other reality shows," Madison said of her show. "I'm really excited about the new series because I am also getting a legitimate co-producer credit for all the work I do behind the camera. It's not a vanity credit. I'm super excited to learn from the best and take on new responsibilities." ^[16] The show premiered with a "preview episode" on December 6, 2009, and it started airing regularly in June 2010.^[17]

Personal life [link]

In the past, Madison has stated that she wanted to marry Hefner and have his children. During an interview at the Playmate of the Year luncheon in May 2008, Hefner stated, "I love Holly very much and I think we’re going to be together the rest of my life, but marriage isn’t part of my puzzle. It’s not a personal thing; I just haven’t had much luck with marriages."^[18]

On October 7, 2008, Madison announced in a video posted on TMZ.com that her relationship with Hefner had ended, but that she, Bridget Marquardt, and Kendra Wilkinson are "still filming stuff together."^[19] Hugh Hefner confirmed the breakup stating that, "If Holly says it's over, I guess it's over." Despite the breakup, all three girls committed to a sixth season of The Girls Next Door.^[20]

Madison was interviewed by People on March 4, 2009, stating "I'm never dating anybody again. I don't need a man. I'm really happy with myself and being with my friends...I'm focused on forwarding my career. I'm working on producing my own shows. Girls Next Door was a great place to start but it was somebody else's show. I'm just ready to move on."^[21]

Filmography [link]

Film [link]

Madison in an advertisement for PETA's anti-fur campaign.

Film
Year	Film	Role	Notes
1998	The Last Broadcast	Miss Lady Bright Eyes
2006	Scary Movie 4	Blonde # 1
2008	The House Bunny	Herself
2009	The Telling	Stephanie
2011	Resurrection: Wrath of Seduction	Angel
2011	Slash	Polly Nichols

Television [link]

Television
Year	Title	Role	Notes
2002	MTV Cribs	Herself	1 episode
2003	The Surreal Life	Herself	Episode: "The Wedding and Goodbye"
2003	Doggy Fizzle Televizzle	Herself	Episode: 4
2004	The Sharon Osbourne Show	Herself	1 episode
	The Bernie Mac Show	Bunny	Episode: "The Talk"
	Viva La Bam	Herself	Episode: "Drive-Way Skate Park"
2005	Curb Your Enthusiasm	Herself	Season 5 Episode 6 - "The Smoking Jacket"
2005	The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch	Herself	1 episode
2005	Entourage	Herself	Episode: "Aquamansion"
2005–2006	The Tyra Banks Show	Herself	2 episodes
2005–2009	The Girls Next Door	Herself	(seasons 1-5. 80 episodes)
2006	E! True Hollywood Story	Herself	Episode: "Hugh Hefner: Girlfriends, Wives and Centerfolds"
	Amazon Fishbowl	Herself	1 episode
	The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson	Herself	Uncredited, 2 episodes
	Robot Chicken	Herself (Voice)	Episode: "Drippy Pony"
	The Ellen DeGeneres Show	Herself	1 episode
2007	Keeping Up with the Kardashians	Herself	Episode: "Birthday Suit"
	Phenomenon	Herself	Episode: Three
	Last Call with Carson Daly	Herself	1 episode
2008	Today	Herself	1 episode
	Celebrity Family Feud	Herself	Episode: "Vincent Pastore vs. The Girls Next Door"
	Living Lohan	Herself	Episode: "The Billionaire Babysitters"
	Chelsea Lately^[22]	Herself	1 episode
2009	Dancing with the Stars	Contestant	(Season 8, eliminated 3rd round)
2009–2010	Kendra	Herself	2 episodes
2009–	Holly's World	Herself	(Season 1 - present)
2010	CSI: Crime Scene Investigation	Hot Blonde	Episodes: "Pool Shark"
2010	When I Was 17	Herself	1 episode

References [link]

^ Katsilometes, John. "Holly: Dancing with the new star of Peepshow, the woman who plans to be the ultimate Miss Las Vegas" Las Vegas Weekly. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Biography", The Official Website of Holly Madison. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
^ "Holly Madison on TV.com". http://www.tv.com/holly-madison/person/332127/biography.html. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
^ "Interview: Holly Madison!!!". Spacecadetz.com. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009. http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090427222143/http://spacecadetz.com/2006/09/11/interview-holly-madison. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
^ "The Top HOOTERS Girls of all time". HOOTERS Magazine. July/August 2008. p. 108.
^ "Holly Madison: Plastic Surgery". iFitAndHealthy.com. 2007-04-12. http://ifitandhealthy.com/holly-madison-plastic-surgery/. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
^ Gray, Mark. "Holly Madison Insures Her Breasts for $1 Million". people.com. people.com. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20532523,00.html. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
^ "Holly Madison has Playboy bunny tattoo removed". http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2009/apr/29/holly-madison-has-playboy-bunny-tatoo-removed/.
^ www.furisdead.com (April 20, 2007). "Playboy Model Holly Madison Stars in 'I'd Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur' Ad". http://www.furisdead.com/feat-hollymadison.asp. Retrieved April 20, 2007.
^ Gibson, Cristina (2009-02-05). "Holly Madison Quits "Awkward" Job at Playboy". E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/hwood_party_girl/b82524_holly_madison_quits_awkward_job_playboy.html. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
^ ""Largest Bikini Parade Ever" World Record". Miley5! Weekly. http://www.miley5.net/content/index.php?action=show&id=23. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
^ "2 more celebrities kicked off ABC's `Dancing'". Associated Press. 2009-03-31. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h8KgwoSr0QHSgmbP-ZAwfxB2MBrQD979DF400. Retrieved 2009-04-01.
^ Gray, Mark (2009-05-14). "Holly Madison to Replace Kelly Monaco in Sexy Vegas Show". People (People). http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20279149,00.html. Retrieved 2009-08-21.
^ Arseniuk, Melissa (2009-09-08). "Holly Madison to continue in 'Peepshow'". Las Vegas Sun. http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2009/sep/08/holly-madison-continue-peepshow/. Retrieved 2009-12-07.
^ "Holly Madison Gets Her Own Reality Show". UsMagazine.com. http://www.usmagazine.com/moviestvmusic/news/holly-madison-gets-her-own-reality-show-2010151.
^ Chernikoff, Leah (2009-09-24). "Playboy bunny, Holly Madison, set to start filming her own Reality TV show "Planet Holly"". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/2009/09/25/2009-09-25_playboy_bunnies.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
^ Clarke, Norm (2009-11-22). "NORM: Reality TV sets in for Holly Madison". Las Vegas Review-Journal. http://www.lvrj.com/news/reality-tv-sets-in-for-holly-madison-70780032.html. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
^ www.foxnews.com (May 12, 2008). "Holly Heartbroken: Hef Reveals Why She’ll Never Be His Wife". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,355057,00.html. Retrieved May 12, 2008.
^ TMZ.com (October 7, 2008). "Holly to Hugh: Hef Off". http://www.tmz.com/2008/10/07/holly-to-hugh-hef-off/. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
^ Lang, Derrick J. (200-10-08). "Hugh Hefner opens up about Holly Madison breakup". USA Today. Associated Press. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2008-10-08-hefner-breakup_N.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
^ Gray, Mark (2009-03-04). "Holly Madison Is Single, and Staying that Way". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20262879,00.html. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
^ "Chelsea Lately: Holly Madison". eonline.com. http://www.eonline.com/videos/v32161_Chelsea_Lately_Holly_Madison.html.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Holly Madison

Official Website
Holly Madison at the Internet Movie Database

v t e The Girls Next Door

Starring	Crystal Harris (2009-2010) Kristina and Karissa Shannon (2009) Holly Madison (2005–2009) Bridget Marquardt (2005–2009) Kendra Wilkinson (2005–2009)

Production	Hugh Hefner Kevin Burns E!

Spin-offs	Kendra (2009–2011) Holly's World (2009-present) The Girls Next Door: The Bunny House (2010)

v t e Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 8)

Shawn Johnson Gilles Marini Melissa Rycroft Ty Murray Lil' Kim Chuck Wicks Lawrence Taylor Steve-O David Alan Grier Steve Wozniak Holly Madison Denise Richards Belinda Carlisle

Persondata
Name	Madison, Holly
Alternative names	Cullen, Holly
Short description	Television personality, adult model
Date of birth	December 23, 1979
Place of birth	Astoria, Oregon, United States
Date of death
Place of death

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holly_Madison

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

For the Weezer song, see Buddy Holly (song).

Buddy Holly
Buddy Holly in 1957
Background information
Birth name	Charles Hardin Holley
Born	(1936-09-07)September 7, 1936 Lubbock, Texas, U.S.
Died	February 3, 1959(1959-02-03) (aged 22) Grant Township, Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, U.S.
Genres	Rock and roll, rockabilly
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, musician
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, piano, violin
Years active	1955–1959
Labels	Decca, Brunswick, Coral
Associated acts	The Crickets, The Picks
Notable instruments
Fender Stratocaster

Charles Hardin Holley (September 7, 1936 – February 3, 1959), known professionally as Buddy Holly, was an American singer-songwriter and a pioneer of rock and roll. Although his success lasted only a year and a half before his death in an airplane crash, Holly is described by critic Bruce Eder as "the single most influential creative force in early rock and roll."^[1] His works and innovations inspired and influenced contemporary and later musicians, notably The Beatles, Elvis Costello, The Rolling Stones, Don McLean, Bob Dylan, and Eric Clapton, and exerted a profound influence on popular music.^[2] Holly was among the first group of inductees to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986.^[3] In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Holly #13 among "The Fifty Greatest Artists of All Time".^[4]

1 Biography
2 Influence
3 Discography
4 Film and musical depictions
5 Lubbock
6 Hollywood Walk of Fame
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links

Biography [link]

Early life [link]

Charles Hardin Holley was born on September 7, 1936, in Lubbock, Texas, to Lawrence Odell and Ella Pauline (Drake) Holley. In Philip Norman's biography it is stated that his mother's family claimed to be descended from the English navigator Francis Drake.

Holly was always called "Buddy" by his family because he was so nice to everyone. Buddy was the youngest of three siblings, and brothers Larry and Travis taught him to play a variety of instruments, including the guitar, four-string banjo and lap steel guitar. At the age of five, his young voice and exuberance won him a talent contest singing a then-popular song, "Have You Ever Gone Sailing (Down the River of Memories)."^[5] In 1949, still retaining his soprano, he recorded a bluesy solo rendering of Hank Snow's "My Two Timin' Woman" on a wire recorder borrowed by a friend who worked in a music shop.^[6]

In 1952, he met Bob Montgomery at Hutchinson Junior High School. They shared an interest in music, and teamed up as "Buddy and Bob". Initially influenced by bluegrass, they sang harmony duets at local clubs and high school talent shows. The duo performed on a local radio station KDAV Sunday broadcast that made them a top local act. Hutchinson Junior High School now has a mural honoring Holly, and Lubbock High School, where he sang in the school choir, also honors the late musician.^[7]

The Crickets [link]

Main article: The Crickets

Holly saw Elvis Presley sing in Lubbock in 1955, and began to incorporate a rockabilly style, similar to the Sun Records sound, which had a strong rhythm acoustic and slap bass.^[5] On October 15, 1955, Holly, along with Bob Montgomery and Larry Welborn, opened the bill for Presley^[6] in Lubbock, catching the eye of a Nashville talent scout.^[8] Holly's transition to rock continued when he opened for Bill Haley & His Comets at a local show organized by Eddie Crandall, the manager for Marty Robbins.^[6]

Following this performance, Decca Records signed him to a contract in February 1956, misspelling his name as "Holly".^[6] He thereafter adopted the misspelled name for his professional career. Holly formed his own band, later to be called The Crickets, consisting of Holly (lead guitar and vocals), Niki Sullivan (guitar), Joe B. Mauldin (bass), and Jerry Allison (drums). They went to Nashville for three recording sessions with producer Owen Bradley.^[9] However, Holly chafed under a restrictive atmosphere that allowed him little input.^[9] Among the tracks he recorded was an early version of "That'll Be The Day", which took its title from a line that John Wayne's character says repeatedly in the 1956 film The Searchers.^[10] (This initial version of the song played more slowly and about half an octave higher than the later hit version.) Decca released two singles, "Blue Days, Black Nights" and "Modern Don Juan", that failed to make an impression. On January 22, 1957, Decca informed Holly his contract would not be renewed,^[6] insisting, however, that he could not record the same songs for anyone else for five years.^[11]

Norman Petty Recording Studios in Clovis, New Mexico

Holly then hired Norman Petty as manager, and the band began recording at Petty's studios in Clovis, New Mexico. Petty contacted music publishers and labels, and Brunswick Records, a subsidiary of Decca, signed the Crickets on March 19, 1957.^[12] Holly signed as a solo artist with another Decca subsidiary, Coral Records. This put him in the unusual position of having two recording contracts at the same time.^[13]

On May 27, 1957, "That'll Be The Day" was released as a single, credited to the Crickets to try to bypass Decca's claimed legal rights. When the song became a hit, Decca decided not to press its claim. "That'll Be the Day" topped the Billboard US "Best Sellers in Stores" chart on September 23, and was on the UK Singles Chart for three weeks in November. The Crickets performed "That'll Be the Day" and "Peggy Sue" on The Ed Sullivan Show on December 1.^[6] They also sang "Peggy Sue" on The Arthur Murray Party on December 29 and were given a polite introduction by Kathryn Murray.^[14] The kinescopes of these programs are the only record of their 1957 television appearances.

Holly helped win over an all-black audience to rock and roll/rockabilly when the Crickets were booked at New York's Apollo Theater for August 16–22, 1957.^[6] Unlike the immediate acceptance shown in the 1978 movie The Buddy Holly Story, it actually took several performances for the audience to warm up to him. In August 1957, the Crickets were the only white performers on a national tour including black neighborhood theaters.^[8]

As Holly was signed both as a solo artist and a member of the Crickets, two debut albums were released: The "Chirping" Crickets on November 27, 1957 and Buddy Holly on February 20, 1958.^[15] His singles "Peggy Sue" and "Oh Boy!", with backing vocals later dubbed on by The Picks,^[16] reached the top ten of United States and United Kingdom charts. Buddy Holly and the Crickets toured Australia in January 1958 and the UK in March.^[17] Their third and final album, That'll Be the Day, was put together from early recordings and was released in April.

In the liner notes to Buddy Holly: The Definitive Collection, Billy Altman notes that "Peggy Sue" was originally written as "Cindy Lou" (after Holly's niece), but Holly changed it prior to recording as a tip of the hat to Crickets drummer Jerry Allison's girlfriend, Peggy Sue Gerron. Allison wanted the song to be named after Gerron to make up for a recent fight. The two later married.

Holly wrote "True Love Ways" about his relationship with his wife, Maria Elena. It was recorded in her presence on October 21, 1958, at Decca's Pythian Temple, with Dick Jacob, Coral-Brunswick's new head of Artists and Repertoire, serving as both producer and conductor of the 18-piece orchestra, which included members of the New York Symphony Orchestra, NBC Television's house orchestra and Abraham "Boomie" Richman, formerly of Benny Goodman's band.^[18]

Holly in New York [link]

File:Hollysul1.jpg

Buddy Holly on The Ed Sullivan Show with Ed Sullivan, January 26, 1958, New York.

In June 1958, he met Maria Elena Santiago, a receptionist for Murray Deutch, an executive for New York publisher Peer-Southern Music.^[18] Holly managed to have Santiago invited to a luncheon at Howard Johnson's, thanks to Deutch's secretary, Jo Harper. He asked her to have dinner with him that night at P. J. Clarke's. Holly proposed marriage to her on their very first date. "While we were having dinner, he got up and came back with his hands behind his back. He brought out a red rose and said, 'This is for you. Would you marry me?' Within the beautiful red rose, there was a ring. I melted." Holly went to her guardian's house the next morning and Maria came running at him and jumped into his arms, which was a sign to him that it was a "yes".

They married in Lubbock on August 15, 1958, less than two months later.^[18] "I'd never had a boyfriend in my life. I'd never been on a date before. But when I saw Buddy, it was like magic. We had something special: love at first sight. It was like we were made for each other. He came into my life when I needed him, and I came into his." she told the Lubbock Avalanche-Journal on what would have been their 50th wedding anniversary.^[19] The newlyweds honeymooned in Acapulco.^[18] Maria Elena traveled on tours, doing everything from the laundry to equipment setup to ensuring the group got paid. However, many fans became aware of his marriage only after his death.^[18]

The ambitious Holly became increasingly interested in the New York music/recording/publishing scene, while his band mates wanted to go back home to Lubbock.^{[citation needed]} As a result, the group split up in late 1958. The Hollys settled in Apartment 4H of the Brevoort Apartments located at 11 Fifth Avenue in Greenwich Village. Here he recorded the series of acoustic songs, including "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" and "What to Do," known as the "Apartment Tapes," which were released after his death.^[20]

The Hollys frequented many of New York's music venues, including The Village Gate, Blue Note, Village Vanguard, and Johnny Johnson's.^{[citation needed]} Maria Elena reported Buddy was keen to learn finger-style flamenco guitar, and would often visit her aunt's home to play the piano there.^{[citation needed]} He wanted to develop collaborations between soul singers and rock 'n' roll, hoping to make an album with Ray Charles and gospel legend Mahalia Jackson. He also had ambitions to work in film, like Elvis Presley and Eddie Cochran, and registered for acting classes with Lee Strasburg's Actors' Studio, where the likes of Marlon Brando and James Dean had trained.^[18]

According to Billy Altman's liner notes to the Geffen/Universal compilation, Buddy Holly: The Definitive Collection, in addition to "True Love Ways", during the October 1958 sessions at Decca's Pythian Temple, Holly also recorded two other songs, "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" and "Raining In My Heart." The songs were firsts for Holly, not only in the use of orchestral backing players, but also the tracks were his first stereo recordings. They were also to be his last formal recording studio sessions.

Although Holly had already begun to become disillusioned with Norman Petty before meeting Maria Elena, it was through her and her aunt Provi, the head of Latin American music at Peer-Southern, that he began to fully realize what was going on with his manager, who was paying the band's royalties into his own company's account.^[18] Holly was having trouble getting his royalties from Petty, so he hired the noted lawyer Harold Orenstein at the recommendation of his friends the Everly Brothers, who had engaged Orenstein following disputes with their own manager, Wesley Rose. Yet, with the money still being withheld by Petty and with rent due, Buddy was forced to go back on the road.^[18]

Death [link]

File:Buddy holley headstone.jpg

Holly's headstone in the City of Lubbock Cemetery

Signpost near the Clear Lake crash site

Main article: The Day the Music Died

Holly was offered a spot in the Winter Dance Party, a three-week tour across the Midwest opening on January 23, 1959, by the GAC agency,^{[citation needed]} with other notable performers such as Dion and the Belmonts, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson. He assembled a backing band consisting of Tommy Allsup (guitar), Waylon Jennings (bass) and Carl Bunch (drums), and billed as The Crickets.^{[citation needed]}

Following a performance at the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, Iowa, on February 2, 1959, Holly chartered a small airplane to take him to the next stop on the tour. Holly, Valens, Richardson and the pilot were killed en route to Moorhead, Minnesota, when their plane crashed soon after taking off from nearby Mason City in the early morning hours of February 3.^[21] Bandmate Waylon Jennings had given up his seat on the plane, causing Holly to jokingly tell Jennings, "I hope your ol' bus freezes up!" Jennings shot back facetiously, "Well, I hope your ol' plane crashes!" It was a statement that would haunt Jennings for decades.^[22]

Holly's funeral was held on February 7, 1959, at the Tabernacle Baptist Church in Lubbock.^[23] The service was officiated by Ben D. Johnson, who had presided at the Hollys' wedding just months earlier. The pallbearers were Jerry Allison, Joe B. Mauldin, Niki Sullivan, Bob Montgomery, Sonny Curtis and Phil Everly.^[24] Waylon Jennings was unable to attend due to his commitment to the still-touring Winter Dance Party. Holly's body was interred in the City of Lubbock Cemetery in the eastern part of the city. His headstone carries the correct spelling of his surname (Holley) and a carving of his Fender Stratocaster guitar.

Holly's pregnant wife, a widow after barely six months of marriage, miscarried soon after, ending that part of the Holly family tree. The miscarriage was reportedly due to “psychological trauma”.^[25] Because of this incident, authorities found it necessary, in the months following, to implement a policy against announcing victims’ names until after families had first been informed.^[25] María Elena Holly did not attend the funeral, and has never visited the gravesite. She later told the Avalanche-Journal:

In a way, I blame myself. I was not feeling well when he left. I was two weeks pregnant, and I wanted Buddy to stay with me, but he had scheduled that tour. It was the only time I wasn't with him. And I blame myself because I know that, if only I had gone along, Buddy never would have gotten into that airplane.^[19]

The first song to commemorate the musicians was “Three Stars” by Eddie Cochran. This song was recorded just one day after the disaster occurred.^[25] Twelve years later, in 1971, Don McLean released his single, "American Pie”, to commemorate Buddy Holly’s death and further accentuate the loss of the United States’ innocence.^[25] Don McLean’s song began the reference to the tragedy as "The Day the Music Died".

Influence [link]

Holly set the template for the standard rock and roll band: two guitars, bass, and drums, He was one of the first in the genre to write, produce, and perform his own songs.

Holly managed to bridge the racial divide that marked music in America. Along with Elvis and others, Holly made rock and roll, with its roots in rockabilly country music and blues-inspired rhythm and blues music, more popular among a broad white audience.^{[citation needed]} From listening to their recordings, one had difficulty determining if the Crickets, the name of Buddy's band, were white or black singers. Holly indeed sometimes played with black musicians Little Richard and Chuck Berry. The Crickets were only the second white rock group to tour Great Britain. Holly's essential eyeglasses encouraged other musicians, such as John Lennon, also to wear their glasses during performances.^{[citation needed]}

In his biography of rock legend Elton John, Philip Norman recounted that by his early teens, John (then known as Reg Dwight) was wearing glasses "not because he needed them, but in homage to Buddy Holly." After wearing glasses for a while, his eyes became adjusted to the lenses, and at that point he became nearsighted and really did need glasses, which would years later establish John as one of the most famous "four-eyes" in rock and roll, though Holly is widely considered to be the first.^{[citation needed]}

Contrary to popular belief, teenagers John Lennon and Paul McCartney did not attend a Holly concert, although they watched his television appearance on Sunday Night at the London Palladium;^{[citation needed]} Tony Bramwell, a school friend of McCartney and George Harrison, did. Bramwell met Holly, and freely shared his records with all three.^{[citation needed]} Ian Whitcomb said "Buddy Holly and the Crickets had the most influence on the Beatles."^[26] Lennon and McCartney later cited Holly as a primary influence.^[27] (Their bug-themed band's name, The Beatles, was chosen partly in homage to Holly's Crickets.)^[26] The Beatles did a cover version of "Words of Love" that was a close reproduction of Holly's version, released on late 1964's Beatles for Sale (in the U.S., in June 1965 on Beatles VI). During the January 1969 sessions for the Let It Be album, the Beatles played a slow impromptu version of "Mailman, Bring Me No More Blues" — although not written by Holly, it was popularized by him — with Lennon mimicking Holly's vocal style;^{[citation needed]} the recording was eventually released in the mid-1990s on Anthology 3. In addition, John Lennon recorded a cover version of "Peggy Sue" on his 1975 album Rock 'n' Roll. McCartney owns the publishing rights to Holly's song catalogue.^[28]

A 17-year-old Bob Dylan attended the January 31, 1959, show, two nights before Holly's death. Dylan referred to this in his 1998 Grammy acceptance speech for his Time out of Mind being named Album of the Year:

"And I just want to say that when I was sixteen or seventeen years old, I went to see Buddy Holly play at Duluth National Guard Armory and I was three feet away from him...and he LOOKED at me. And I just have some sort of feeling that he was — I don't know how or why — but I know he was with us all the time we were making this record in some kind of way."^[29]

Keith Richards attended one of Holly's performances, where he heard "Not Fade Away" for the first time.^{[citation needed]} The Rolling Stones had an early hit covering the song.

The launch of Bobby Vee's successful musical career resulted from Holly's death, when he was selected to replace Holly on the tour that continued after the plane crash. Holly's profound influence on Vee's singing style can be heard in such songs as "Rubber Ball" and "Run to Him."

Holly influenced many other singers during and after a career that lasted barely two years. Keith Richards once said Holly had "an influence on everybody."^[30] In an August 24, 1978, Rolling Stone interview, Bruce Springsteen told Dave Marsh, "I play Buddy Holly every night before I go on; that keeps me honest."

The Grateful Dead performed "Not Fade Away" 530 times over the course of their career, making it their seventh most-performed song.^{[citation needed]} The song also appears on eight of their official live recording releases.

Various rock and roll histories have asserted the singing group The Hollies were named in homage to Buddy Holly.^{[citation needed]} According to the band's website, although the group admired Holly (and years later produced an album covering some of his songs), their name was inspired primarily by the sprigs of holly in evidence around Christmas of 1962.^[31]

Don McLean's popular 1971 ballad "American Pie" is inspired by Holly and the day of the plane crash.^[32] The American Pie album is dedicated to Holly.

On September 7, 1994 (Holly's 58th birthday), Weezer released their single, "Buddy Holly".

Discography [link]

Main article: Buddy Holly discography

Buddy Holly released only three albums in his lifetime. Nonetheless, he recorded so prolifically that Coral Records was able to release brand-new albums and singles for 10 years after his death, although the technical quality was very mixed, some being studio quality and others home recordings.

Buddy Holly continued to be promoted and sold as an "active" artist, and his records had a loyal following, especially in Europe. The demand for unissued Holly material was so great that Norman Petty resorted to overdubbing whatever he could find: alternate takes of studio recordings, originally rejected masters, "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" and the other five 1959 tracks (adding new surf-guitar arrangements), and even Holly's amateur demos from 1954 (where the low-fidelity vocals are often muffled behind the new orchestrations). The last new Buddy Holly album was Giant (featuring the single "Love Is Strange"), issued in 1969. Between the 1959–60 Jack Hansen overdubs, the 1960s Norman Petty overdubs, various alternate takes, and Holly's undubbed originals, collectors can often choose from multiple versions of the same song. There are also many different versions of Holly's "Greatest Hits" as well as covers/compilation albums of Buddy's songs performed by various artists. One such album has been announced recently at an event at P.J. Clarke's in New York.^[33] Listen to Me: Buddy Holly is being produced by Peter Asher and includes contributions from Stevie Nicks, The Fray, Cobra Starship, Jeff Lynne, Train's Pat Monahan, Patrick Stump, Jackson Browne, Chris Isaak, Natalie Merchant, Imelda May, Ringo Starr, Lyle Lovett, Zooey Deschanel, Brian Wilson and more.^[34]

Film and musical depictions [link]

Holly's life story inspired a Hollywood biographical film, The Buddy Holly Story. Star Gary Busey received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Holly. The movie was widely criticized by the rock community and Holly's friends and family for its inaccuracies. This led Paul McCartney to produce and host his own documentary about Holly in 1985, titled The Real Buddy Holly Story. This video includes interviews with Keith Richards, Phil and Don Everly, Sonny Curtis, Jerry Allison, Holly's family, and McCartney himself, among others.

In 1987, Marshall Crenshaw portrayed Buddy Holly in the movie La Bamba. He is featured performing at the Surf Ballroom and boarding the doomed airplane with Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper. Crenshaw's version of "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" is featured on the La Bamba original motion picture soundtrack.

Buddy – The Buddy Holly Story, the Jukebox Musical depicting his life, is credited as being the first of its kind, spawning a breed of jukebox shows, including the likes of Mamma Mia! and We Will Rock You. Buddy – as it is abbreviated on occasion – is still running in the UK after 22 years, with a UK tour that went out in February 2011.

Holly was depicted in the Quantum Leap episode entitled "How the Tess Was Won" although his identity isn't revealed until the very end of the episode. According to this episode, Dr. Sam Beckett (Scott Bakula) influences Buddy Holly to change the lyrics from "piggy, suey" to "Peggy Sue", thus setting up Holly's future hit song.

There are also a number of acts both in the US (Johnny Rogers, John Mueller) and UK (Marc Robinson, Spencer J etc.) who specialize in bringing Holly's songs to life.

In 2010, Guy Kent portrayed a modern-day interpretation of Holly in the independent film The Day the Music Died.^[35]^[36] The film has yet to be theatrically released.

Lubbock [link]

The Buddy Holly Center, a small museum located in Lubbock

Holly was based in Lubbock as his career took off between 1956 and 1958. In 1980, Grant Speed sculpted a statue of Holly playing his Fender guitar. This statue is the centerpiece of Lubbock's Walk of Fame, which honors notable people who contributed to Lubbock's musical history. Other memorials to Buddy Holly include a street named in his honor and The Buddy Holly Center, which contains a museum of Holly memorabilia as well as a Fine Arts Gallery. The Center is located on Crickets Ave, one street over from Buddy Holly Ave, in what used to be the Fort Worth and Denver South Plains Railway Depot.^[37]

In 2010, Grant Speed's statue was taken down for refurbishment, and construction began on a new Walk of Fame. On May 9, 2011, the City of Lubbock held a ribbon-cutting ceremony for The Buddy and Maria Elena Holly Plaza, the new home of the statue and the Walk of Fame.^[38] The plaza is across the street from the museum.

Due to copyright restrictions, personal and professional photography of memorabilia is not allowed inside of the Holly exhibit. Visitors are, however, welcome to take pictures of objects outside the museum. These include the giant recreation of Buddy's glasses at the entrance and the Grant Speed statue across the street. His actual eyeglass frames recovered from the crash site are on display inside the museum.

Hollywood Walk of Fame [link]

On September 7, 2011 (what would have been Holly's 75th birthday), he received his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame posthumously. His widow, Maria Elena Santiago, attended, as did Phil Everly, Peter Asher, Priscilla Presley and actor Gary Busey, who played Holly in The Buddy Holly Story.^[39]

References [link]

^ Eder, Bruce. "Buddy Holly". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p4502. Retrieved January 9, 2007.
^ NPR article: "Buddy Holly: 50 Years After The Music Died".
^ "Buddy Holly". rockhall.com. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/buddy-holly. Retrieved February 12; 2009.
^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone (Issue 946; April 15, 2004). http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty. Retrieved February 4, 2009.
^ ^a ^b History of Rock & Roll. By Thomas E. Larson. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. Copyright 2004. Page 43
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Buddy Holly Timeline: 1936 to 1956". Buddy Holly Center, City of Lubbock. http://www.buddyhollycenter.org/gallery/1936to56.aspx. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
^ "Lubbock High School". Hutchinson Junior High. http://www.lubbockschools.com/data/lmhutchinson.shtml.
^ ^a ^b "Buddy Holly: Musical Influence ('Timeline: Follow the Story Through the Years', section)". Des Moines Register. http://data.desmoinesregister.com/holly/influence.php. Retrieved February 4, 2009.
^ ^a ^b "Oh boy: Why Buddy Holly still matters today". London: The Independent. January 23, 2009. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/oh-boy-why-buddy-holly-still-matters-today-1501271.html. Retrieved February 16, 2009.
^ "That'll Be the Day". Rollingstone. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6595884/thatll_be_the_day.
^ Holly recorded his February 28, 1957 phone call with Decca, and the recording has survived: Buddy Holly On Line One.
^ "Buddy Holly Timeline: 1957". Buddy Holly Center, City of Lubbock. http://www.buddyhollycenter.org/gallery/1957.aspx. Retrieved February 16, 2009.
^ "Show 12 - Big Rock Candy Mountain: Rock 'n' roll in the late fifties. [Part 2] : UNT Digital Library". Pop Chronicles. Digital.library.unt.edu. 1969-04-27. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19761/m1/. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
^ "Buddy Holly on the Arthur Murray Dance Party 12/29/57". YouTube. 1957-12-29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQiIMuOKIzY. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
^ All Music Guide to Country, Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra, Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Backbeat Books, 2003, ISBN 0-87930-760-9 p 353.
^ Philip Norman. Buddy: The Definitive Biography of Buddy Holly. Pan Macmillan, 2009. p. 176. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=orQy9uA7_kgC&pg=PA176&dq=The+Picks+Buddy+Holly&hl=en&ei=uW51Tfe4M860hAfmtJhC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=The%20Picks%20Buddy%20Holly&f=false. Retrieved 2011-03-07.
^ "The Buddy Holly Story". Rick Thorne. http://www.buddythemusical.com/true-love-ways.htm.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Norman, Philip (1996) Buddy Holly: The Definitive Biography of Buddy Holly, Macmillan: London
^ ^a ^b William Kerns (August 15, 2008). "Buddy and Maria Elena Holly married 50 years ago". Lubbock Online. http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/081508/loc_318846994.shtml.
^ Bunyan, Patrick. All Around the Town: Amazing Manhattan Facts and Curiosities. New York: Fordham University Press. p. 160. ISBN 0-8232-3174-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=ytpzn0EfA-YC&lpg=PA160. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
^ "Iowa Crash Kills 3 Singers; Rock 'n' Roll Stars and Pilot Die as Chartered Craft Falls After Its Take-Off". New York Times. AP: p. 1. 4 February 1959. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10717F83C5C1A7B93C6A91789D85F4D8585F9. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
^ VH1's Behind the Music "The Day the Music Died" interview with Waylon Jennings
^ Lubbock Avalanche-Journal, Morning Edition, February 7, 1959, Section 1, Page 3
^ Goldrosen, John (1979). The Buddy Holly Story. Quick Fox. p. 197. ISBN 0-8256-3936-0. http://books.google.com/books?ei=tE_eTMHlE8aqlAe6xMSbAw&ct=result&id=xAbaAAAAMAAJ&dq=buddy+holly+pallbearers&q=pallbearers. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Suddath, Claire (February 3, 2009). "The Day the Music Died". TIME magazine. http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1876542,00.html. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Show 27 - The British Are Coming! The British Art Coming!: The U.S.A. is invaded by a wave of long-haired English rockers. [Part 1] : UNT Digital Library". Pop Chronicles. Digital.library.unt.edu. 1969. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19782/m1/. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
^ "John Lennon on Buddy Holly". everything2.com. http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=979603.
^ "Sir Paul's fortune boosted". BBC. April 25, 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/2974853.stm. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
^ "Bob Dylan 980225 at the Grammy Awards". The Starlight, Starbright Tour. http://expectingrain.com/dok/set/98/02/980225a.html.
^ Dave Riser, "The Music Never Died: How Buddy Holly Changed Music Forever" (paper presented at the 87th annual meeting of the West Texas Historical Association, Fort Worth, Texas, February 27, 2010).
^ "Beginnings". The Hollies official site. http://www.hollies.co.uk/goldmineintro.html.
^ "The Buddy Holly Connection". Don McLean. http://www.don-mclean.com/buddyholly.asp. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
^ Roberts, Sam; Fineberg, Tina (April 29, 2011). "Buddy Holly Whirled In and Left With a Bride". The New York Times. http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/buddy-holly-whirled-in-and-left-with-a-bride/.
^ "True Love Ways Unveiled". Truegreatoriginal.com. http://truegreatoriginal.com/2011/05/true-love-ways-unveiled-buddy-hollys-great-music-great-romance/. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
^ "The Day the Music Died Teaser-Exclusive". TheMovieBit.com. http://www.themoviebit.com/2011/12/day-music-died-teaser-exclusive.html.
^ "The Day the Music Died Movie Clips and Images". Upcoming-Movies.com. http://www.upcoming-movies.com/Articles/the-day-the-music-died-movie-clips-and-images/.
^ "The Buddy Holly Center". The Buddy Holly Center. http://www.buddyhollycenter.org/history.aspx. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
^ Fox34 News. "New Buddy Holly Plaza unveiled". Fox 34 News. http://www.myfoxlubbock.com/news/local/story/Buddy-Holly-Maria-Elena-Holly/yB5LYo8yLE2IHTfwR8dJmA.cspx. Retrieved 06/01/2011.
^ "Buddy Holly given posthumous star on HWOF". Kwtx.com. 2011-08-31. http://www.kwtx.com/entertainment/headlines/Buddy_Hollys_Walk_Of_Fame_Star_Will_Be_Unveiled_Next_Week_128825033.html. Retrieved 2011-11-04.

External links [link]

	Book: Buddy Holly
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Buddy Holly

Buddy Holly news archives at the Lubbock Avalanche-Journal
Buddy Holly And The Crickets.com
Buddy Holly Lives.info
Buddy Holly at the Internet Movie Database
Buddy Holly discography at MusicBrainz
Listen to Me: Buddy Holly - Songmasters
peermusic presents Maria Elena: My Life with Buddy
Buddy Holly - sessions and cover songs
Telegraph article on the last songs written by Buddy Holly
'The Day the Music Died' at The Death of Rock: The Archive
Buddy Holly is Alive and Well On Ganymede
The Texas Experience - John Connally Presents Buddy Holly, from the Texas Archive of the Moving Image

v t e Buddy Holly

Studio albums	The "Chirping" Crickets Buddy Holly That'll Be the Day

Singles	"Blue Days, Black Nights" "Modern Don Juan" "That'll Be the Day" "Words of Love" "Rock Around With Ollie Vee" "Peggy Sue" "Oh, Boy!" "Love Me" "I'm Gonna Love You Too" "Maybe Baby" "Rave On!" "Think It Over" "Girl On My Mind" "Early in the Morning" "It's So Easy" "Heartbeat" "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" "Peggy Sue Got Married" "True Love Ways"

Posthumous albums	The Buddy Holly Story The Buddy Holly Story, Vol. 2 Reminiscing Showcase Holly in the Hills Giant Remember

Compilations	Buddy Holly: A Rock & Roll Collection 20 Golden Greats The Great Buddy Holly Greatest Hits Down the Line: Rarities Memorial Collection Not Fade Away: The Complete Studio Recordings And More

Tribute albums	Not Fade Away (Remembering Buddy Holly) Rave On Buddy Holly Listen to Me: Buddy Holly

Related articles	Buddy Holly discography Bob (Bobby) Montgomery The Crickets María Elena Holly Norman Petty The Day the Music Died The Buddy Holly Story Buddy – The Buddy Holly Story The Picks MPL Communications "Buddy Holly" (song)

Book Category

Persondata
Name	Holly, Buddy
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	September 7, 1936
Place of birth	Lubbock, Texas, U.S.
Date of death	February 3, 1959
Place of death	Grant Township, Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, U.S.

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Holly Hunter

Born	(1958-03-20) March 20, 1958 (age 54) Conyers, Georgia, U.S.
Occupation	Actress / Producer
Years active	1981–present
Spouse	Janusz Kamiński (1995–2001)
Partner	Gordon MacDonald (2001–present; 2 children)

Holly Hunter (born March 20, 1958) is an American actress. Hunter starred in The Piano for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She has also been nominated for Oscars for her roles in Broadcast News, The Firm, and Thirteen. Hunter has also won two Emmy Awards with seven nominations and has won a Golden Globe Award with another six nominations.

1 Early life and career
2 Stage and film
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 Television
6 References
7 External links

Early life and career [link]

Holly Hunter was born in Conyers, Georgia, the daughter of Opal Marguerite (née Catledge), a housewife, and Charles Edwin Hunter, a farmer and sporting-goods manufacturer's representative.^[1] Hunter earned a degree in drama from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and for a while performed in the theatre scene there, playing ingenue roles at City Theatre, then named the City Players.^[2] She eventually moved to New York City and roomed with fellow actress Frances McDormand. Hunter, in 2008, described living in The Bronx "at the end of the D [subway] train, just off 205th Street, on Bainbridge Avenue and Hull Avenue. It was very Irish, and then you could go just a few blocks away and hit major Italian".^[3] A chance encounter with playwright Beth Henley, when the two were trapped alone in an elevator, led to Hunter's being cast in Henley's plays Crimes of the Heart (succeeding Mary Beth Hurt on Broadway), and Off-Broadway's The Miss Firecracker Contest. "It was like the beginning of 1982. It was on 49th Street between Broadway and Eighth [Avenue] [...] on the south side of the street", Hunter recalled in an interview. "[We were trapped] 10 minutes; not long. We actually had a nice conversation. It was just the two of us".^[3]

Stage and film [link]

Hunter at the 2010 Metropolitan Opera opening night of Das Rheingold.

Hunter made her screen debut in the 1981 horror movie The Burning. After moving to Los Angeles in 1982, Hunter appeared in TV movies before being cast in a supporting role in 1984's Swing Shift. That year, she had her first collaboration with the writing-directing-producing team of brothers Ethan Coen and Joel Coen, in Blood Simple, making an uncredited appearance as a voice on an answering-machine recording. More film and television work followed until 1987, when thanks to a starring role in the Coens' Raising Arizona and her Academy Award-nominated turn in Broadcast News, Hunter became a critically acclaimed star. She went on to the screen adaptation of Henley's Miss Firecracker; Steven Spielberg's Always, a romantic drama with Richard Dreyfuss; and the made-for-TV 1989 docudrama about the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade.

Following her second collaboration with Dreyfuss, in Once Around, Hunter garnered critical attention for her work in two 1993 films, resulting in her being nominated for two Academy Awards the same year: Hunter's performance in The Firm won her a nomination as Best Supporting Actress, while her portrayal of a mute Scottish woman entangled in an adulterous affair with Harvey Keitel in Jane Campion's The Piano won her the Best Actress award.

Hunter went on to appear in films such as the comedy-drama Home for the Holidays and the thriller Copycat. She also appreared in David Cronenberg's Crash and as a sardonic angel in A Life Less Ordinary. The following year, she played a recently divorced New Yorker in Richard LaGravenese's Living Out Loud; starring alongside Danny DeVito, Queen Latifah, and Martin Donovan. Hunter rounded out the 1990s with a minor role in the independent drama Jesus' Son and as a housekeeper torn between a grieving widower and his son in Kiefer Sutherland's drama Woman Wanted.

Emmy Award in 1989

Following a supporting role in the Coens' O Brother, Where Art Thou?, Hunter took top billing in the same year's television movie Harlan County War, an account of labor struggles among Kentucky coal-mine workers. Hunter would continue her small screen streak with a role in When Billie Beat Bobby, playing tennis pro Billie Jean King in the fact-based story of King's famed exhibition match with Bobby Riggs; and as narrator of Eco Challenge New Zealand before returning to film work with a minor role in the 2002 drama Moonlight Mile. The following year found Hunter in the redemption drama Levity. Also in 2003, Hunter had a supporting role in the film Thirteen for which she received a Best Supporting Actress Oscar nomination.

In 2004, Hunter starred alongside Brittany Murphy in the romantic satire Little Black Book, and the same year lent her voice to the animated film The Incredibles as the voice of Helen Parr, a.k.a. the superheroine Elastigirl. In 2005, Hunter starred alongside Robin Williams in the black comedy-drama The Big White.

Hunter became an executive producer, and helped develop a starring vehicle for herself with the TNT cable-network drama Saving Grace, which premiered in July 2007. For her acting, she received a Golden Globe Award nomination, two Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, and an Emmy Award nomination. On May 30, 2008, Hunter received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2009, she was awarded the Women in Film Lucy Award.^[4]

Personal life [link]

Holly Hunter was married to cinematographer Janusz Kamiński^[5] from 1995 until 2001.^{[citation needed]}

Hunter has been in a relationship with British actor Gordon MacDonald.^[6] In January 2006, Hunter's publicist announced that Hunter had given birth to the couple's twin boys.^[6]

In a 2009 interview, Hunter said to TV Guide that she does not discuss her children with the media.^[7]

Hunter is deaf in one ear, which sometimes leads to complications at work and some scenes have to be altered from the script for her to use her healthy ear.^[8]

Filmography [link]

Year	Film	Role	Notes
1981	The Burning	Sophie
1984	Swing Shift	Jeannie
1984	Blood Simple	Helene Trend (voice only)	uncredited
1987	Raising Arizona	Edwina 'Ed' McDunnough
	End of the Line	Charlotte
	A Gathering of Old Men	Candy Marshall
	Broadcast News	Jane Craig	Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress Silver Bear for Best Actress – Berlin Film Festival Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress National Board of Review Award for Best Actress New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actress Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1989	Miss Firecracker	Carnelle Scott
	Animal Behavior	Coral Grable
	Always	Dorinda Durston
1991	Once Around	Renata Bella
1993	The Piano	Ada McGrath	Academy Award for Best Actress Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress Cannes Film Festival Best Actress Award Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama London Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress National Board of Review Award for Best Actress National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
1993	The Firm	Tammy Hemphill	Nominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role
1995	Copycat	M.J. Monahan	Special Mention Award at the Festival du Film Policier de Cognac (Shared with Sigourney Weaver for their acting performances)
1995	Home for the Holidays	Claudia Larson
1996	Crash	Helen Remington
1997	A Life Less Ordinary	O'Reilly
1998	Living Out Loud	Judith Moore	Nominated — American Comedy Award for Funniest Actress in a Motion Picture (Leading Role) Nominated — Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1999	Jesus' Son	Mira
2000	Woman Wanted	Emma Riley
	Timecode	Renee Fishbine, Executive
	O Brother, Where Art Thou?	Penny	Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture
2000	Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her	Rebecca Waynon
2001	Festival in Cannes	Herself	Uncredited
2002	Moonlight Mile	Mona Camp
2003	Levity	Adele Easley
2003	Thirteen	Melanie Freeland	Bronze Leopard Award for Best Actress Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role Nominated — Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated — Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Nominated — London Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress Nominated — Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated — Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated — Prism Award for Best Performance in a Theatrical Feature Film Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Nominated — Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress
2004	Little Black Book	Barb Campbell-Dunn
2004	The Incredibles	Helen Parr/Elastigirl	voice Nominated — MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Team
2005	Nine Lives	Sonia	Bronze Leopard Award for Best Actress (Shared with the film's ensemble of actresses) Nominated — Gotham Award for Best Cast
2005	The Big White	Margaret Barnell
2012	Won't Back Down
2012	Jackie

Television [link]

Year	Film	Role	Notes
1989	Roe vs. Wade	Ellen Russell/Jane Doe	Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film
1993	The Positively True Adventures of the Alleged Texas Cheerleader-Murdering Mom	Wanda Holloway	CableACE Award for Best Actress in a Movie or Miniseries Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film
2000	Harlan County War	Ruby Kincaid	Nominated — Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film
2000	Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her	Rebecca Weyman	Segment – "Fantasies About Rebecca" Nominated — Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress – Miniseries or a Movie
2002	When Billie Beat Bobby	Billie Jean King	Nominated — Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie
2007–2010	Saving Grace (TV series)	Grace Hanadarko	Gracie Allen Award for Outstanding Actress — Drama Series (2007) Nominated — Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Drama Series (2008, 2009) Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama (2007) Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series (2007–2009) Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television (2008) Nominated — People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Drama Diva (2009) Nominated — Prism Award for Best Performance in a Drama Series Episode (2008) Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama (2008)

References [link]

^ Holly Hunter Biography (1958–)
^ Conner, Lynne (2007). Pittsburgh In Stages: Two Hundred Years of Theater. University of Pittsburgh Press. pg. 247. ISBN 978-0-8229-4330-3. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
^ ^a ^b "Fast Chat: Holly Hunter" Newsday July 13, 2008^{[dead link]}
^ Lucy Awards, past recipients WIF web site
^ "Holly Hunter has twins at 47". The Telegraph. January 19, 2006. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1508239/Holly-Hunter-has-twins-at-47.html. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Twins for Oscar Winner Holly Hunter" January 18, 2006, People
^ SAG Awards 2009 - Holly Hunter on YouTube
^ Schlöndorff, Volker: "A Gathering of Old Men", Extras on German DVD by Arthaus

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Holly Hunter

Holly Hunter at the Internet Movie Database
Holly Hunter at the Internet Broadway Database
Holly Hunter at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
"What people don't know about Holly" (Interview), The Guardian, 22 November 2003

Awards for Holly Hunter

v t e Academy Award for Best Actress (1981–2000)

Katharine Hepburn (1981) Meryl Streep (1982) Shirley MacLaine (1983) Sally Field (1984) Geraldine Page (1985) Marlee Matlin (1986) Cher (1987) Jodie Foster (1988) Jessica Tandy (1989) Kathy Bates (1990) Jodie Foster (1991) Emma Thompson (1992) Holly Hunter (1993) Jessica Lange (1994) Susan Sarandon (1995) Frances McDormand (1996) Helen Hunt (1997) Gwyneth Paltrow (1998) Hilary Swank (1999) Julia Roberts (2000)

Complete list (1928–1940) (1941–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (1980–1999)

Tracy Mann (1980) Judy Davis (1981) Noni Hazlehurst (1982) Wendy Hughes (1983) Angela Punch McGregor (1984) Noni Hazlehurst (1985) Judy Davis (1986) Judy Davis (1987) Nadine Garner (1988) Meryl Streep (1989) Catherine McClements (1990) Sheila Florance (1991) Lisa Harrow (1992) Holly Hunter (1993) Toni Collette (1994) Jacqueline McKenzie (1995) Judy Davis (1996) Pamela Rabe (1997) Deborah Mailman (1998) Sacha Horler (1999)

Complete list (1971–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

v t e BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (1980–1999)

Judy Davis (1980) Meryl Streep (1981) Katharine Hepburn (1982) Julie Walters (1983) Maggie Smith (1984) Peggy Ashcroft (1985) Maggie Smith (1986) Anne Bancroft (1987) Maggie Smith (1988) Pauline Collins (1989) Jessica Tandy (1990) Jodie Foster (1991) Emma Thompson (1992) Holly Hunter (1993) Susan Sarandon (1994) Emma Thompson (1995) Brenda Blethyn (1996) Judi Dench (1997) Cate Blanchett (1998) Annette Bening (1999)

Complete list (1952–1959) (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

v t e Festival de Cannes (Cannes Film Festival) Prix d'interprétation féminine (Best Actress) 1980–1999

Anouk Aimée (1980) Isabelle Adjani (1981) Jadwiga Jankowska-Cieślak (1982) Hanna Schygulla (1983) Helen Mirren (1984) Norma Aleandro/Cher (1985) Barbara Sukowa/Fernanda Torres (1986) Barbara Hershey (1987) Barbara Hershey/Jodhi May/Linda Mvusi (1988) Meryl Streep (1989) Krystyna Janda (1990) Irène Jacob (1991) Pernilla August (1992) Holly Hunter (1993) Virna Lisi (1994) Helen Mirren (1995) Brenda Blethyn (1996) Kathy Burke (1997) Élodie Bouchez/Natacha Régnier (1998) Séverine Caneele/Émilie Dequenne (1999)

Complete list (1946–1959) (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

v t e Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie (1976–2000)

Susan Clark / Rosemary Harris (1976) Sally Field / Patty Duke (1977) Joanne Woodward / Meryl Streep (1978) Bette Davis (1979) Patty Duke (1980) Vanessa Redgrave (1981) Ingrid Bergman (1982) Barbara Stanwyck (1983) Jane Fonda (1984) Joanne Woodward (1985) Marlo Thomas (1986) Gena Rowlands (1987) Jessica Tandy (1988) Holly Hunter (1989) Barbara Hershey (1990) Lynn Whitfield (1991) Gena Rowlands (1992) Holly Hunter (1993) Kirstie Alley (1994) Glenn Close (1995) Helen Mirren (1996) Alfre Woodard (1997) Ellen Barkin (1998) Helen Mirren (1999) Halle Berry (2000)

Complete list (1952–1975) (1976–2000) (2001–2025)

v t e Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama (1981–2000)

Meryl Streep (1981) Meryl Streep (1982) Shirley MacLaine (1983) Sally Field (1984) Whoopi Goldberg (1985) Marlee Matlin (1986) Sally Kirkland (1987) Jodie Foster/Shirley MacLaine/Sigourney Weaver (1988) Michelle Pfeiffer (1989) Kathy Bates (1990) Jodie Foster (1991) Emma Thompson (1992) Holly Hunter (1993) Jessica Lange (1994) Sharon Stone (1995) Brenda Blethyn (1996) Judi Dench (1997) Cate Blanchett (1998) Hilary Swank (1999) Julia Roberts (2000)

Complete list (1943–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e National Board of Review Award for Best Actress

Joan Crawford (1945) Anna Magnani (1946) Celia Johnson (1947) Olivia de Havilland (1948)

Gloria Swanson (1950) Jan Sterling (1951) Shirley Booth (1952) Jean Simmons (1953) Grace Kelly (1954) Anna Magnani (1955) Dorothy McGuire (1956) Joanne Woodward (1957) Ingrid Bergman (1958) Simone Signoret (1959)

Greer Garson (1960) Geraldine Page (1961) Anne Bancroft (1962) Patricia Neal (1963) Kim Stanley (1964) Julie Christie (1965) Elizabeth Taylor (1966) Edith Evans (1967) Liv Ullmann (1968) Geraldine Page (1969)

Glenda Jackson (1970) Irene Papas (1971) Cicely Tyson (1972) Liv Ullmann (1973) Gena Rowlands (1974) Isabelle Adjani (1975) Liv Ullmann (1976) Anne Bancroft (1977) Ingrid Bergman (1978) Sally Field (1979)

Sissy Spacek (1980) Glenda Jackson (1981) Meryl Streep (1982) Shirley MacLaine (1983) Peggy Ashcroft (1984) Whoopi Goldberg (1985) Kathleen Turner (1986) Lillian Gish / Holly Hunter (1987) Jodie Foster (1988) Michelle Pfeiffer (1989)

Mia Farrow (1990) Geena Davis / Susan Sarandon (1991) Emma Thompson (1992) Holly Hunter (1993) Miranda Richardson (1994) Emma Thompson (1995) Frances McDormand (1996) Helena Bonham Carter (1997) Fernanda Montenegro (1998) Janet McTeer (1999)

Julia Roberts (2000) Halle Berry (2001) Julianne Moore (2002) Diane Keaton (2003) Annette Bening (2004) Felicity Huffman (2005) Helen Mirren (2006) Julie Christie (2007) Anne Hathaway (2008) Carey Mulligan (2009)

Lesley Manville (2010) Tilda Swinton (2011)

Persondata
Name	Hunter, Holly
Alternative names	Hunter, Holly P.
Short description	Actress
Date of birth	20 March 1958
Place of birth	Conyers, Georgia, United States
Date of death
Place of death

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Lauren Holly
Holly at Still Thankful, Still Giving charity event, November 2007
Born	Lauren Michael Holly (1963-10-28) October 28, 1963 (age 48) Bristol, Pennsylvania, United States
Nationality	American
Citizenship	Canadian
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1983–present
Spouse	Danny Quinn (1991–1993) Jim Carrey (1996–1997) Francis Greco (2001–present) (3 children)
Website
http://www.laurenholly.com

Lauren Michael Holly (born October 28, 1963) is an American-Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Deputy Sheriff Maxine Stewart in the TV series Picket Fences, as Mary Swanson in the 1994 film Dumb & Dumber, and as Jenny Shepard on the TV series NCIS. She was married to comic actor Jim Carrey from 1996 to 1997.

1 Personal life
2 Career
3 Filmography
4 Television
5 Music videos
6 References
7 External links

Personal life [link]

Holly was born in Bristol, Pennsylvania. Her mother, Michael Ann, is an art historian, Starr Director of Research and Academic Program at The Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute,^[1] and former professor at Hobart and William Smith Colleges. Her father, Grant Holly, is a screenwriter and professor of literature at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.^[2] Holly was raised in Geneva, New York, and is a 1981 graduate of Geneva High School, where she was a cheerleader. In 1985, Holly earned an undergraduate degree in English from Sarah Lawrence College in New York.^[3] Holly, who now lives primarily in Canada with her husband and their three children, became a Canadian citizen in 2008.^[4]^[5]

Career [link]

Her acting career began at the age of 20 when she appeared in Hill Street Blues as Carla Walicki for two episodes.

At age 23, Holly joined the cast of the ABC television soap opera All My Children as Julie Chandler (1986–1989). She portrayed the comic book character Betty on television's Archie: To Riverdale and Back Again in 1990.

She appeared as Mary Swanson, Lloyd Christmas's love interest in the 1994 Jim Carrey comedy Dumb & Dumber. She portrayed Linda Lee Cadwell, the wife of martial artist and actor Bruce Lee, in 1993's Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story; a doctor in Sydney Pollack's 1995 remake of Sabrina; and Lieutenant Emily Lake in the 1996 comedy Down Periscope with Kelsey Grammer. She starred in the movie Any Given Sunday (1999) along with Jamie Foxx and Dennis Quaid.

She appeared in the music video for Dixie Chicks' single "Goodbye Earl" (2000), along with Jane Krakowski, Dennis Franz, Adrian Pasdar, Michael DeLuise and Evan Bernard.

Holly starred as small-town Deputy Sheriff Maxine Stewart in David E. Kelley's TV series Picket Fences (1992–1996). She was a member of the cast of NCIS as Director Jenny Shepard from 2005–2008, reuniting with her former Chicago Hope co-stars Mark Harmon and Rocky Carroll.

Filmography [link]

Lauren Holly (right) with Holly Marie Combs (left) at the 1993 Emmy Awards

Seven Minutes in Heaven (1985) .... Lisa
Band of the Hand (1986) .... Nikki
The Adventures of Ford Fairlane (1990) .... Jazz
Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story (1993) .... Linda Lee
Dumb and Dumber (1994) .... Mary Swanson
Sabrina (1995) .... Elizabeth Tyson, MD
Down Periscope (1996) .... Lt. Emily Lake, Diving Officer
Beautiful Girls (1996) .... Darian Smalls
A Smile Like Yours (1997) .... Jennifer Robertson
Turbulence (1997) .... Teri Halloran
Vig (1998) .... Marybeth
No Looking Back (1998) .... Claudia
Money Kings (1998) .... Marybeth
Any Given Sunday (1999) .... Cindy Rooney
Entropy (1999) .... Claire
What Women Want (2000) .... Gigi
The Last Producer (2000) .... Frances Chadway
Spirited Away (2001) (voice) .... Chihiro's mother, Yuko Ogino
Pavement (2002) .... Buckley Clarke
Santa Jr.(2002) .... Susan Flynn
Changing Hearts (2002) .... Amber Connors
In Enemy Hands (2004) ... Mrs. Rachel Travers
Just Desserts (2004) ... Grace Carpenter
Down and Derby (2005) ... Kim Davis
The Godfather of Green Bay (2005) .... Molly
The Chumscrubber (2005) ... Boutique Owner
The Pleasure Drivers (2005) ... Daphne Widesecker
Fatwa (2006) ... Maggie Davidson
Raising Flagg (2006) ... Rachel Purdy
The Perfect Age of Rock 'n' Roll (2009) ... Liza Genson
Crank: High Voltage (2009) .... Counsellor
The Least Among You (2009) .... Kate Allison
Too Late to Say Goodbye (2009) .... Heather
You're So Cupid! (2010) ... Audrey Valentine
Final Storm (2010) ... Gillian Grady
Chasing 3000 (2010) ... Marilyn
The Town Christmas Forgot (2010) ... Annie Benson
Call me Mrs. Miracle (2010) ... Lindy Lowe
Scream of the Banshee (2011) ... Prof. Isla Whelan
Will Gardner (2011) ... Gerry-Anne (pre-production)
Do No Harm (2012) ... Dr. Rachel Thorne
Masque (2012) ... Grace
The Juggler (2012) ... Ida (pre-production)

Television [link]

Hill Street Blues (1984, 2 episodes [1] [2]) .... Carla Walicki
Love Lives On (1985) .... Tracy
All My Children TV Series .... Julie Rand Chandler (#2) (1986–1989)
My Two Dads (1990) .... Allison Novack
Archie: To Riverdale and Back Again (1990) .... Betty Cooper
The Antagonists (1991) TV series .... Kate Ward
Picket Fences TV series .... Maxine Stewart (1992–1996)
Fugitive Among Us (1992) .... Suzie Bryant
Dangerous Heart (1994) .... Carol
Chicago Hope TV series .... Dr. Jeremy Hanlon (1999–2000)
Becker in "The Buddy System" (2001) .... Laura
Jackie, Ethel, Joan: The Women of Camelot (2001) (mini) TV series .... Ethel Kennedy
Santa, Jr. (2002) .... Susan Flynn
King of Texas (2002) .... Mrs. Rebecca Lear Highsmith
CSI: Miami (2003) .... Hayley Wilson
Caught in the Act (2004) .... Jodie Colter
Just Desserts (2004) .... Grace Carpenter
NCIS (2005–2008, regular; 2010-2012, three episodes flashbacks) ....Director Jenny Shepard
Before You Say I Do (2009) .... as Mary Brown
Leverage (2009) .... as Ms. Earnshaw
Covert Affairs (2010) ....as Madeleine, the Senator's wife
Flashpoint (2010) ....as Jill Hastings, SIU Officer
The Adventures of Chuck and Friends (2010) .... as Haulie
Debbie Macomber's Call Me Mrs. Miracle (2010) .... as Lindy Lowe
Rookie Blue (2011) ...as Superintendent Elaine Peck
"Lost Girl" (2012)...as Sadie

Music videos [link]

Dixie Chicks - "Goodbye Earl" (2000)

References [link]

^ "Research & Academic Program". The Clark (Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute). http://www.clarkart.edu/research/.
^ "Grant I. Holly - Professor of English". Hobart and William Smith Colleges. http://campus.hws.edu/academic/popup.asp?id=62.
^ "Lauren Holly Biography". TV Guide. http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/lauren-holly/bio/161414. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
^ "Lauren Holly Official Website Career". LaurenHolly.com. http://www.laurenholly.com/projects/films/the_storm.php. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
^ Lauren Holly at the Internet Movie Database

External links [link]

Lauren Holly at the Internet Movie Database
Official Website
Lauren Holly at TV Guide
Ask Men Profile

v t e MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss

1990s	Anna Chlumsky & Macaulay Culkin in My Girl (1992) Christian Slater & Marisa Tomei in Untamed Heart (1993) Demi Moore & Woody Harrelson in Indecent Proposal (1994) Jim Carrey & Lauren Holly in Dumb and Dumber (1995) Natasha Henstridge & Anthony Guidera in Species (1996) Will Smith & Vivica A. Fox in Independence Day (1997) Adam Sandler & Drew Barrymore in The Wedding Singer (1998) Gwyneth Paltrow & Joseph Fiennes in Shakespeare in Love (1999)

2000s	Sarah Michelle Gellar & Selma Blair in Cruel Intentions (2000) Julia Stiles & Sean Patrick Thomas in Save the Last Dance (2001) Jason Biggs & Seann William Scott in American Pie 2 (2002) Tobey Maguire & Kirsten Dunst in Spider-Man (2003) Owen Wilson, Carmen Electra, & Amy Smart in Starsky & Hutch (2004) Ryan Gosling & Rachel McAdams in The Notebook (2005) Heath Ledger & Jake Gyllenhaal in Brokeback Mountain (2006) Will Ferrell & Sacha Baron Cohen in Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2007) Briana Evigan & Robert Hoffman in Step Up 2: The Streets (2008) Robert Pattinson & Kristen Stewart in Twilight (2009)

2010s	Robert Pattinson & Kristen Stewart in The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2010) Robert Pattinson & Kristen Stewart in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2011)

Persondata
Name	Holly, Lauren
Alternative names
Short description	American actress
Date of birth	October 28, 1963
Place of birth	Bristol, Pennsylvania, United States
Date of death
Place of death

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren_Holly

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Playlist

Film Summary

Hollies, The Filmography

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[edit] 2003-2009: Playboy and The Girls Next Door

[edit] 2009-present: Peepshow and Holly's World

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