Christopher Walter Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley (born 14 February 1952) is a British politician, public speaker,[1] hereditary peer, and former newspaper editor. He has worked for The Universe, The Sunday Telegraph, Today and Evening Standard newspapers. He used to be a member of the Conservative Party. He served in Conservative Central Office and worked for Margaret Thatcher's Number 10 Policy Unit during the 1980s. In 2009 he joined the UK Independence Party, where he has been the Head of the Policy Unit since November 2010. He was Deputy Leader of the Party under Lord Pearson of Rannoch.
Monckton became known in the 1990s for his invention of the Eternity puzzle, a mathematical puzzle for which he offered a prize of one million pounds to the first person who could solve it within four years.[2] In recent years he has come to public attention for holding sceptical views about man-made climate change.[3][4][5][6]
Monckton was born the eldest son of the late Major-General Gilbert Monckton, 2nd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley and Marianna Letitia (nee Bower), former High Sheriff of Kent and a Dame of Malta. He has three brothers, Timothy, Jonathan and Anthony and a sister, Rosa, wife of journalist Dominic Lawson.
Monckton was educated at Harrow School and Churchill College, Cambridge (where he received his B.A. (Classics, 1974, Cantab., now M.A.)), and at University College, Cardiff, where he obtained a diploma in journalism studies. In 1990, he married Juliet Mary Anne Malherbe Jensen.
Monckton is a liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Broderers, an Officer of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, a Knight of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, and a member of the Roman Catholic Mass Media Commission. He is also a qualified Day Skipper with the Royal Yachting Association, and has been a trustee of the Hales Trophy for the Blue Riband of the Atlantic since 1986.[7]
Monckton joined the Yorkshire Post in 1974 at the age of 22, where he worked as a reporter and leader-writer. From 1977 to 1978, he worked at Conservative Central Office as a press officer, becoming the editor of the Roman Catholic newspaper The Universe in 1979, then managing editor of The Sunday Telegraph magazine in 1981. He joined the London Evening Standard newspaper as a leader-writer in 1982.[7] After a hiatus in his career as a journalist Monckton became assistant editor of the newly established, and now defunct, tabloid newspaper Today in 1986. He was a consulting editor for the Evening Standard from 1987 to 1992 and was its chief leader-writer from 1990 to 1992.[7]
Since 2002 Monckton has had several newspaper articles published critical of the IPCC and current scientific consensus on climate change,[8][9] in addition to more light hearted pieces related to his bowler hat wearing.[10]
In 1979, Monckton met Alfred Sherman, who co-founded the pro-Conservative think tank the Centre for Policy Studies with Margaret Thatcher and Keith Joseph in 1974. Sherman asked Monckton to take the minutes at the CPS's study group meetings.[11] Monckton subsequently became the secretary for the centre's economic, forward strategy, health and employment study groups.[12] He wrote a paper on the privatisation of council housing by means of a rent-to-mortgages scheme that brought him to the attention of Downing Street.[11] Ferdinand Mount, the head of the Number 10 Policy Unit and a former CPS director, brought Monckton into the Policy Unit in 1982.[12] He was recruited as a domestic specialist with responsibilities for housing and parliamentary affairs,[13][14] working alongside Mount and Peter Shipley[15] on projects such as the phasing out of council housing.[13] He left the unit in 1986 to join the Today newspaper.[12][16]
Monckton has asserted that he served as science adviser to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher during his years with the Number 10 Policy Unit, and that "it was I who – on the prime minister's behalf – kept a weather eye on the official science advisers to the government, from the chief scientific adviser downward."[17] However, John Gummer, who was Environment Minister under Thatcher, has said that Monckton was "a bag carrier in Mrs Thatcher's office. And the idea that he advised her on climate change is laughable."[18] Writing in The Guardian, Bob Ward of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment notes that Thatcher's memoirs, The Downing Street Years, do not mention Monckton and credit George Guise with the role of science advisor.[17]
In 1995, Monckton and his wife opened Monckton's, a shirt shop in King's Road, Chelsea.[19]
In 1999, Monckton created and published the Eternity puzzle, a geometric puzzle that involved tiling a dodecagon with 209 irregularly shaped polygons called polydrafters. A £1 million prize was won after 18 months by two Cambridge mathematicians.[20] By that time, 500,000 puzzles had been sold. Monckton also launched the Eternity II puzzle in 2007, but, after the four-year prize period, no winner came forward to claim the £2 million prize.
Although Monckton inherited a peerage, he did so after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999,[21] which provided that hereditary peers would no longer have an automatic right to sit and vote in the House of Lords. Monckton asserts that the Act is flawed and unconstitutional, and has referred to himself as "a member of the Upper House of the United Kingdom legislature" in a letter to US Senators,[22] and also as "a member of the Upper House but without the right to sit or vote."[23]
The House of Lords authorities have said Monckton is not and never has been a member and that there is no such thing as a non-voting or honorary member of the House.[6][24] In July 2011 the House took the "unprecedented step" of publishing online a cease and desist letter to Monckton from the Clerk of the Parliaments, which concluded, "I am publishing this letter on the parliamentary website so that anybody who wishes to check whether you are a Member of the House of Lords can view this official confirmation that you are not."[25][26]
Notwithstanding his criticism of the House of Lords Act, Monckton has offered himself as a candidate for one of the retained seats for hereditary peers which it provides. He stood unsuccessfully in four by-elections for vacant seats created by deaths among the 92 hereditary peers remaining in the Lords after the reforms. He stood for a Conservative seat in a March 2007 by-election; of the 43 candidates, 31 received no votes, Monckton included.[27] He subsequently stood in the crossbench by-elections of May 2008,[28] July 2009,[29] and June 2010,[30] again receiving no votes. He was highly critical of the way the Lords was reformed, describing the procedure in the March 2007 by-election, with 43 candidates and 47 electors, as "a bizarre constitutional abortion."[31]
He has also considered standing for election to the House of Commons (which hereditary peers are entitled to do if they are not members of the House of Lords). At the 2010 general election he was nominated as the UK Independence Party (UKIP) candidate for the Scottish constituency of Perth and North Perthshire, but withdrew in accordance with UKIP's policy of not opposing other Eurosceptic parliamentary candidates.[24] In June 2010, UKIP announced he had been appointed its deputy leader, to serve alongside David Campbell Bannerman.[32]
In 2011 he stood as lead party-list candidate for UKIP in the Scottish Parliament constituency of Mid Scotland and Fife.[33] Despite failing to gain representation in the Scottish Parliament, UKIP improved its performance in Mid Scotland and Fife, gaining 1.1% of the region's vote.
Monckton is on record as accepting that there is a greenhouse effect,[34] and that CO2 contributes to it. However, he has said "there is a startling absence of correlation between the CO2-concentration trend and the temperature trend, necessarily implying that—at least in the short term—there is little or no causative link between the two", but that, on a different timescale, there is "a close correlation between CO2 concentration and temperature: but it was temperature that changed first".[35] In a 2006 article he questioned the appropriateness of using a near-zero discount rate in the Stern Review, which, he wrote, had underestimated the costs of mitigation and overstated its benefits. He said that mitigation was "expensively futile without the consent of the Third World's fast-growing nations".[36]
After a presentation by Monckton at Bethel University (Minnesota), Professor John P Abraham[37] of University of St. Thomas (Minnesota) produced a rebuttal to Monckton's claims.[38] Abraham investigated the origins of many of the claims by contacting the authors of those papers Monckton had cited[39][40] and concluded that "he had misrepresented the science".[40] Monckton "initiated the process of having Abraham hauled up before whatever academic panel his Bible College can muster, to answer disciplinary charges of wilful academic dishonesty amounting to gross professional misconduct unbecoming a member of his profession",[41] and asked that Abraham's talk be removed from the University servers, and a donation of $10,000 and $100,000 be made respectively by Abraham and the University to the "United States Association of the Order of Malta for its charitable work in Haiti".[42][43] The university responded that "The University of St Thomas respects your right to disagree with Professor Abraham, just as the University respects Professor Abraham's right to disagree with you. What we object to are your personal attacks against Father Dease, and Professor Abraham, your inflammatory language, and your decision to disparage Professor Abraham Father Dease and The University of St Thomas",[44][45] and it refused all of Monckton's demands.[46]
Since 2008 he has toured Britain, Ireland, the US, China, Canada, India, Colombia, South Africa and Australia delivering talks to groups related to the subject. In 2008-9 he was invited on four occasions before Congress to speak on the behalf of Republican representatives. He followed this up with his January 2010 and July 2011 tours of Australia, as well as tours of China and India in December 2011. Between 2009 and 2010 the film maker Rupert Murray followed Monckton on his climate change tour. The film was later broadcast on 31 January 2011 on BBC Four titled "Meet the sceptics". Prior to its broadcast its depiction of Monckton was described by fellow sceptic James Delingpole as "another hatchet job".[47] Previously in 2008 Monckton had appeared in another BBC production "Earth: The Climate Wars" that he accused of making him look like a "potty peer".[48] Monckton went to the High Court to gain an injunction against the "Meet the sceptics" broadcast, complaining of breach of contract and requesting a ruling that his three minute or 500 word rebuttal should be added to the programme. He did not obtain the injunction, the judge ruled that Monckton's interpretation of clarity in the contract was incorrect, and the "balance of justice" favoured refusal of the injunction.[49]
In July and August 2011 Monckton toured Australia and New Zealand, becoming the first climate sceptic to be allowed to address the weekly nationally-televised meeting of the Press Club in Canberra. The format was that of a debate against Dr. Dennis, the director of the Australia Institute. Roy Morgan Research conducted a continuous opinion tracking survey during the hour-long debate, and declared Monckton the winner, saying he had converted 9% of Australians to the view that climate fears had been exaggerated.[50]
Eddy Shah: Today and the Newspaper Revolution describes him as "a fervent, forthright and opinionated Roman Catholic Tory"[51] who has been closely associated with the "New Right" faction of the Conservative Party.[52] As one of Margaret Thatcher's policy advisors, he has been credited with being "the brains behind the Thatcherite policy of giving council tenants (public housing) the right to buy their homes."[53] Criticizing the campaign to save the Ravenscraig ironworks, Monckton wrote, "The Scots are subsidy junkies whingeing like a trampled bagpipe as they wait for their next fix of English taxpayers' money." This is believed to be the first use of the now well-known phrase "subsidy junkies".[54]
He has been associated with the Referendum Party, advising its founder, Sir James Goldsmith. In 2003 he helped a Scottish Tory breakaway group, the Scottish Peoples Alliance.[53] In 2009 he joined the UK Independence Party;[55] he was deputy leader in 2011 and is now head of policy. [32] Monckton was a sponsor of the Conservative Family Campaign in the 1990s.[56]
In 1997, Monckton criticised works at the Fotofeis (the Scottish International Festival of Photography) and Sensation as "feeble-minded, cheap, pitiable, exploitative sensationalism perpetrated by the talent-free and perpetuated by over-funded, useless, muddle-headed, middle-aged, pot-bellied, brewer's-droopy quangoes which a courageous Government would forthwith cease to subsidise with your money and mine."[57]
In a 1987 article for The American Spectator entitled "AIDS: A British View", he argued that "there is only one way to stop AIDS. That is to screen the entire population regularly and to quarantine all carriers of the disease for life. Every member of the population should be blood-tested every month ... all those found to be infected with the virus, even if only as carriers, should be isolated compulsorily, immediately, and permanently." This would involve isolating between 1.5 and 3 million people in the United States ("not altogether impossible") and another 30,000 people in the UK ("not insuperably difficult"). Monckton's article concluded, however, that current Western sensibilities would not allow this standard protocol for containing a new, fatal and incurable infection to be applied: therefore, he said, many would needlessly die. The American Spectator's then assistant managing editor, Andrew Ferguson, denounced it in the letters column of the same issue.[58] Monckton appeared on the BBC's Panorama programme in February 1987 to discuss his views and present the results of an opinion poll that found public support for his position.[52]
Monckton has since stated "the article was written at the very outset of the AIDS epidemic, and with 33 million people around the world now infected, the possibility of [quarantine] is laughable. It couldn't work." He also said that this standard protocol could have worked at the time; that senior HIV investigators had called for it; and that many of the lives that have been lost could have been saved.[59]
Resurrexi Pharmaceutical is stated on the UK Independence Party (UKIP) web site to be a company of which Monckton is a director. In the BBC documentary, "Meet the Sceptics" (2011),[47] Monckton, said he had cured himself of Graves' disease an auto-immune disease thought to have been triggered either by a one-time virus or bacterial infection, and said he was researching a "broad-spectrum cure" for infectious diseases. UKIP's CV for Monckton states that "patients have been cured of various infectious diseases, including Graves' Disease, multiple sclerosis, influenza, and herpes simplex 6. Our first HIV patient had his viral titre reduced by 38% in five days, with no side-effects. Tests continue."[60]
Monckton has been an advocate of Euroscepticism for many years; as he put it in a 2007 interview, he would "leave the European Union, close down 90 per cent of government services and shift power away from the atheistic, humanistic government and into the hands of families and individuals."[61] In 1994, he sued the Conservative government of John Major for agreeing to contribute to the costs of the Protocol on Social Policy agreed in the 1993 Maastricht Treaty, although the UK had an opt-out from the protocol. The case was heard in the Scottish Court of Session in May 1994. His petition for judicial review was dismissed by the court for want of relevancy.[62]
The Science and Public Policy Institute, of which Monckton is policy director, has published nine non peer-reviewed articles by Monckton on climate-change science.[63]
- ^ "Christopher Monckton - Viscount Monckton of Brenchley (£8,000 - £25,000)". Parliament Speakers. http://www.parliamentspeakers.com/Speaker/Christopher+Monckton++Viscount+Monckton+of+Brenchley.
- ^ "The Eternity puzzle solved". BBC News. 2 October 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/953316.stm. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- ^ "Climate deniers to send film to British schools". The Independent. 2 October 2007. http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/climate-deniers-to-send-film-to-british-schools-396895.html. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- ^ Christopher Monckton (4 November 2006). "Climate chaos? Don't believe it". Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1533290/Climate-chaos-Dont-believe-it.html. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- ^ Christopher Monckton (12 November 2006). "Wrong problem, wrong solution". Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1533912/Wrong-problem-wrong-solution.html. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- ^ a b Leo Hickman (11 August 2010). "Lords distance themselves from climate sceptic Christopher Monckton". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/aug/11/lords-climate-christopher-monckton. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
- ^ a b c Who's Who 2007, p. 1599
- ^ Christopher Monckton (17 December 2010). "The climate bugaboo is the strangest intellectual aberration of our age". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/8210739/The-climate-bugaboo-is-the-strangest-intellectual-aberration-of-our-age.html.
- ^ Christopher Monckton (05 Nov 2006). "Climate chaos? Don't believe it". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1533290/Climate-chaos-Dont-believe-it.html.
- ^ Christopher Monckton (7 October 2010). "the day I stopped a riot with my bowler". The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1318391/CHRISTOPHER-MONCKTON-As-stars-make-fashionable-celebrated-bowler-hat-wearer-recalls--day-I-stopped-riot-bowler.html.
- ^ a b Cockett, Richard (1995). Thinking the unthinkable: think tanks and the economic counter-revolution 1931-1983. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-637586-9.
- ^ a b c Kandiah, Michael; Seldon, Anthony (1997). Ideas and think tanks in contemporary Britain, Volume 2. Routledge. pp. 59, 62. ISBN 978-0-7146-4771-5.
- ^ a b "Tory project to phase out council houses". The Times: p. 1. 1982-12-06.
- ^ "Policy unit at full strength". The Times. 1984-11-06.
- ^ "Two more advisers at No 10". The Times. 1982-11-25.
- ^ Womersley, Tara (2001-06-22). "Puzzle inventor sells £1m home to Chanel model". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1312292/Puzzle-inventor-sells-1m-home-to-Chanel-model.html.
- ^ a b Ward, Bob (22 June 2010). "Thatcher becomes latest recruit in Monckton's climate sceptic campaign". http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jun/22/thatcher-climate-sceptic-monckton. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ^ "British MP calls for a carbon tax". Australia: ABC. 21 March 2011. http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/breakfast/british-mp-calls-for-a-carbon-tax/3014168. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ^ "The Undie-Serving Rich". Evening Standard. 10 November 1995.
- ^ "£1m Eternity jackpot scooped". BBC News Online (BBC). 2000-10-26. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/992393.stm.
- ^ "House of Lords Act 1999 (original text)". 1999-11-11. http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1999/ukpga_19990034_en_1. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Uphold Free Speech about Climate Change or Resign". Frontiers of Freedom. 2006-12-11. http://ff.org/centers/csspp/pdf/20061212_monckton.pdf. Retrieved 2010-12-17.
- ^ Monckton, Christopher (2020-07-15). "Questions from the Select Committee Concerning My Recent Testimony". Science & Public Policy Institute.
- ^ a b Hickman, Leo (2010-04-20). "Lord Monckton throws his safari helmet in the ring as Ukip candidate". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2010/apr/20/monckton-mp-general-election.
- ^ Hickman, Leo (18 July 2011). "Climate sceptic Lord Monckton told he's not member of House of Lords". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jul/18/climate-monckton-member-house-lords. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
- ^ "Letter to Viscount Monckton of Brenchley from the Clerk of the Parliaments" (in English) (Press release). House of Lords. 15 July 2011. http://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-information-office/2011/letter-to-viscount-monckton-20110715.pdf. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
- ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers Byelection March 2007 Result". British Parliament. 2007-03-07. http://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/HoLNotice070307.pdf. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers’ By-election, May 2008: Result". 2008-05-22. http://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-information-office/byelectionresults080522.pdf.
- ^ "Results: Crossbench hereditary Peers' by-election following the death of Viscount Bledisloe". 2009-07-15. http://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-information-office/byelectionresults090715.pdf.
- ^ "Results: Crossbench Hereditary Peers’ by-election". 2010-06-23. http://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-information-office/crossbench-byelection-results.pdf.
- ^ Beckett, Andy (2007-02-24). "Born to run: There are 47 voters, 43 candidates, and the race to be elected a hereditary Tory peer is on. Is this democracy at last in the House of Lords?". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/feb/24/conservatives.lords. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
- ^ a b "Lord Monckton is new deputy leader". UK Independence Party. 3 June 2010. http://www.ukip.org/content/latest-news/1666-lord-monckton-is-new-deputy-leader. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
- ^ "Invitation to Stirling on Sun 3 April 2011". UKIP. 31 March 2011. http://www.ukip.org/scotland/articles/903-invitation-to-stirling-on-sun-3-april-2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- ^ Sunday Telegraph, 5 November 2005
- ^ Christopher Monckton (7 January 2009). "Temperature Change and CO2 Change - A Scientific Briefing". Gscienceandpublicpolicy.org. http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/monckton/temperature_and_co2_change_briefing.html. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
- ^ Christopher Monckton (12 Nov 2006). "Wrong problem, wrong solution". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1533912/Wrong-problem-wrong-solution.html.
- ^ "John P. Abraham bio". University of St Thomas, Minnesota. http://www.stthomas.edu/engineering/faculty/jpabraham.htm.
- ^ John P. Abraham. "John P. Abraham Published texts and Rebuttals to Monckton". http://courseweb.stthomas.edu/jpabraham/.
- ^ George Monbiot (9 June 2010). "Monckton's climate denial is a gift to those who take the science seriously". Guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/georgemonbiot/2010/jun/08/monckton-gift-climate-denial.
- ^ a b John P. Abraham (3 June 2010). "Monckton takes scientist to brink of madness at climate change talk". Guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2010/jun/03/monckton-us-climate-change-talk-denial.
- ^ Monckton, Christopher. "Climate: The Extremists Join the Debate at Last!". http://cfact.eu/2010/06/04/climate-the-extremists-join-the-debate-at-last/. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
- ^ Christopher Monckton. "Response to John Abraham" (PDF). WattsUpWithThat Blog. http://wattsupwiththat.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/monckton-warm-abra-qq2.pdf.
- ^ George Monbiot (Wednesday 14 July 2010). "Monckton's response to John Abraham is magnificently bonkers". Guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/georgemonbiot/2010/jul/14/monckton-john-abraham.
- ^ "Abraham surrenders to Monckton. Uni of St Thomas endorses untruths.". http://joannenova.com.au/2010/07/abraham-surrenders-to-monckton-uni-of-st-thomas-endorses-untruths/. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
- ^ "Correspondence between Lord Monckton and Prof. John Abraham, and the University of St Thomas". http://jonova.s3.amazonaws.com/monckton/warm-abraham-correspondence.doc. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
- ^ Casey Selix (19 July 2010). "St. Thomas Prof. John Abraham in royal smackdown with global-warming denier Christopher Monckton". MinnPost.com. http://www.minnpost.com/nextdegree/2010/07/19/19810/st_thomas_prof_john_abraham_in_royal_smackdown_with_global-warming_denier_christopher_monckton. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
- ^ a b James Delingpole (31 January 2011). "Meet The Sceptics: another BBC stitch-up". Telegraph.co.uk. http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/jamesdelingpole/100074116/meet-the-sceptics-another-bbc-stitch-up/.
- ^ Tamara Cohen (27 September 2008). "BBC investigated after peer says climate change programme was biased 'one-sided polemic'". Daily Mail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1063110/BBC-investigated-peer-says-climate-change-programme-biased-sided-polemic.html.
- ^ "BBC wins battle over climate show". Associated Press. Independent.co.uk. 31 January 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bbc-wins-battle-over-climate-show-2199930.html.
- ^ "[Roy Morgan Research] Roy Morgan Press Releases". Roymorgan.com. 2011-07-22. http://www.roymorgan.com/news/press-releases/2011/1393/. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
- ^ MacArthur, Brian. Eddy Shah: Today and the Newspaper Revolution, p. 154. David & Charles Publishers, 1988. ISBN 0-7153-9145-3
- ^ a b Virginia Berridge. AIDS in the UK: The Making of a Policy, 1981-1994, p. 132. Oxford University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-19-820473-6
- ^ a b Leppard, David. "Top Tory in a kilt hit by visa 'racket' case", The Times, 3 October 2004
- ^ Angus McLeod (16 April 1995). "Christopher Monckton and his support for subsidies to Scotland". Sunday Mail.
- ^ Vaughan, Adam (2009-12-11). "In denial: Lord Monckton's climate change rant at activists". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/11/climate-change-denial-lord-monckton. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
- ^ "Persuaded to act otherwise". The Independent. 3 April 1992.
- ^ Christopher Monckton (23 September 1997). "'It is feeble-minded, exploitative sensationalism perpetrated by the talent-free'". The Scotsman.
- ^ Bawer, Bruce (1993). A place at the table: the gay individual in American society. Poseidon Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-671-79533-7.
- ^ Ray Moseley (14 August 1999). "Ertl In Puzzle As Gay Group Protests". Chicago Tribune. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1999-08-14/business/9908140168_1_ertl-peter-tatchell-outrage.
- ^ "Christopher: A man of many talents". UKIP.co.uk. http://www.ukip.org/content/latest-news/1675-christopher-a-man-of-many-talents.
- ^ "'I'm bad at doing what I'm told. I'm a born free-thinker ' - The 5-Minute Interview", The Independent, 24 August 2007
- ^ "Lawful for UK to contribute to European social policy costs - Scots Law report", The Times, 12 May 1994
- ^ Science and Public Policy Institute - Monckton Papers
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Christopher Walter Monckton |
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