Laurent Fabius
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Incumbent
Assumed office 16 May 2012
Prime Minister	Jean-Marc Ayrault
Preceded by	Alain Juppé
Prime Minister of France
In office 17 July 1984 – 20 March 1986
President	François Mitterrand
Preceded by	Pierre Mauroy
Succeeded by	Jacques Chirac
Minister of Finance
In office 28 March 2000 – 7 May 2002
Prime Minister	Lionel Jospin
Preceded by	Christian Sautter
Succeeded by	Francis Mer
President of the National Assembly
In office 12 June 1997 – 28 March 2000
Preceded by	Philippe Séguin
Succeeded by	Raymond Forni
In office 23 June 1988 – 22 January 1992
Preceded by	Jacques Chaban-Delmas
Succeeded by	Henri Emmanuelli
Minister of the Budget
In office 22 May 1981 – 23 March 1983
Prime Minister	Pierre Mauroy
Preceded by	Maurice Papon
Succeeded by	Henri Emmanuelli
Personal details
Born	(1946-08-20) 20 August 1946 (age 65) Paris, France
Political party	Socialist Party
Spouse(s)	Françoise Castro (Divorced)
Alma mater	Superior National School, Paris Institute of Political Studies, Paris National School of Administration, Strasbourg

Laurent Fabius (French pronunciation: [loʁɑ̃ fabjys]; born 20 August 1946) is a French Socialist politician. He served as Prime Minister from 17 July 1984 to 20 March 1986. He was 37 years old when he was appointed and is, so far, the youngest Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic. He is now Foreign Minister since 16 May 2012.

Early life[link]

Fabius was born in Paris, the son of Louise (née Strasburger-Mortimer; 1911–2010) and André Fabius (1908–1984). His parents were Jewish and converted to Catholicism, and Fabius was raised an assimilated Catholic.^[1] His secondary education was at the Lycée Janson de Sailly and Lycée Louis-le-Grand. He was a graduate of institutions that are training grounds for academics (École Normale Supérieure), senior civil servants (École Nationale d'Administration) and future leaders (Sciences Po).

Member of National Assembly[link]

After his studies, he became an auditor for the Council of State. Member of the Socialist Party (PS) since 1974, he was first elected to the National Assembly in 1978 for the fourth constituency of Seine Maritime département. He quickly gained entry to the circle of François Mitterrand, the leader of the party.

In government[link]

When Mitterrand was elected president of France in 1981, Fabius was nominated Minister of the Budget. Two years later, he became Minister of Industry, and pursued the policy of "industrial restructuration". In 1984, a government shake up by Mitterrand led him to be appointed Prime Minister (choosing him over the likes of Pierre Bérégovoy and Jacques Delors) at the age of 37. He advocated a new kind of French socialism which accepted the market economy. In social policy, a law of December 1984 replaced allowance for orphans with a family support allowance, and empowered family allowance funds to aid in recovery of child support when a parent fails to pay. The allowable income for recipients of the young child allowance was increased (July 1984) for families with three or more hidden. The Fabius Government also sought to reduce penalties on families with working mothers by substantially increasing the income ceiling for dual-income families receiving the young child allowance. A parental education fund was created (1985), which provided for payments to each person who stops work or reduces hours of work as a result of the birth of any child beyond the first two, for which the parent(s) is/are responsible.^[2] In addition, a new benefit was introduced for unemployed workers who had exhausted their eligibility for unemployment insurance.^[3]

Despite the Fabius Government's achievements in social policy, it was unable to prevent a rise in social inequality during its time in office, a situation arguably exacerbated by austerity measures introduced by the government. Although the rate of inflation fell, unemployment continued to increase,^[4] standing at 11% in early 1986, compared with 8% in 1983.^[5] Concern over rising inequality in France was expressed in the publication of a number of books on both “the new poverty” and “social exclusion,” which had become major public preoccupations.^[6] The Fabius Government's inability to prevent both rising unemployment and inequality arguably contributed to the defeat of the French Socialists in the 1986 legislative election, which led Fabius to step down as prime minister.

The symbol of a "modern" French socialism, he was weakened by the "infected blood scandal". His government was accused of having knowingly let doctors give haemophiliacs transfusions of blood infected by HIV. A judicial process similar to Impeachment acquitted him of all personal moral responsibility in the matter but he has never been absolved by public opinion.

After the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior, a Greenpeace ship, on 10 July 1985, Prime Minister Fabius summoned journalists to his office on 22 September 1985 to read a 200 word statement in which he said: "The truth is cruel," and acknowledged that "Agents of the French secret service sank this boat. They were acting on orders."^[7]

Fabius came to be seen as Lionel Jospin's rival to be Mitterrand's heir. He failed to win the First Secretaryship of the party in 1988 and 1990 (Rennes Congress) in spite of Mitterrand's support. Installed as President of the National Assembly in 1988 (at 41 years of age, the equal youngest in the history of the lower house), he succeeded finally in becoming First Secretary of the party in 1992, but resigned after the Socialist disaster of the 1993 legislative election.

He came back as President of the National Assembly in 1997, then as Minister of Economy and Finance in Lionel Jospin's cabinet between 2000 and 2002. After Jospin's retirement, he hoped to return as Socialist leader but he failed. He declared that his mind was changed about a number of matters and he joined the left-wing of the party.

In this position he was the leader of the defeated no camp in the vote that took place among the members of his party on 1 December 2004, to decide the stance that the party would take on the impending Referendum on the European Constitution. He went on to lead the rebel faction of the party advocating a no vote in the 2005 Referendum, and was seen as the spearhead of the whole no campaign in France. After the no vote won, the party leader gave an assurance that he could remain in the party though he was dismissed from the party's National Executive Committee.

On May 17th, 2012, Laurent Fabius became Foreign Minister in the government of Jean-Marc Ayrault, appointed Prime Minister by president François Hollande.

2007 Socialist Party presidential primary election[link]

Fabius was a candidate in the Socialist Party's primary election to be the party's candidate in the 2007 presidential election, but finished third, behind Ségolène Royal, the winner, and Dominique Strauss-Kahn. He was subsequently re-elected to the National Assembly in the June 2007 parliamentary election.^[8]

Political career[link]

Governmental functions

Prime minister : 1984–1986.

Minister of Budget : 1981–1983.

Minister of Research and Industry : 1983–1984.

Minister of Economy, Finance, and Industry : 2000–2002.

Foreign Minister : May 17th, 2012

Electoral mandates

European Parliament

Member of European Parliament : 1989–1992 (Resignation). Elected in 1989.

National Assembly of France

President of the National Assembly of France : 1988–1992 (Resignation) / 1997–2000 (Became minister in 2000).

Member of the National Assembly of France for Seine-Maritime (4th constituency) : 1978–1981 (Became minister in 1981) / 1986–2000 (Became minister in 2000) / And since 2002. Elected in 1978, reelected in 1981, 1986, 1988, 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007.

Regional Council

Regional councillor of Haute-Normandie : 1992–1995 (Resignation).

General Council

General councillor of Seine-Maritime : 2000–2002 (Resignation).

Municipal Council

Mayor of Le Grand-Quevilly : 1995–2000 (Resignation).

First Deputy-mayor of Le Grand-Quevilly : 1977–1995 / And since 2000. Reelected in 1983, 1989, 2000, 2001, 2008.

Municipal councillor of Le Grand-Quevilly : Since 1977. Reelected in 1983, 1989, 1995, 2001, 2008.

Agglomeration community Council

President of the Agglomeration community of Rouen : Since 2008.

Vice-president of the Agglomeration community of Rouen : 2001–2008.

Member of the Agglomeration community of Rouen : Since 2001. Reelected in 2008.

Political functions

First Secretary (leader) of the Socialist Party (France) : 1992–1993.

Fabius's Ministry, 19 July 1984 – 20 March 1986[link]

• Laurent Fabius – Prime Minister
• Claude Cheysson – Minister of External Relations
• Roland Dumas – Minister of European Affairs
• Charles Hernu – Minister of Defence
• Pierre Joxe – Minister of the Interior and Decentralization
• Pierre Bérégovoy – Minister of Economy, Finance, and Budget
• Édith Cresson – Minister of Industrial Redeployment and External Commerce
• Michel Delebarre – Minister of Labour, Employment, and Vocational Training
• Robert Badinter – Minister of Justice
• Jean-Pierre Chevènement – Minister of National Education
• Michel Rocard – Minister of Agriculture
• Huguette Bouchardeau – Minister of Environment
• Paul Quilès – Minister of Transport, Town Planning, and Housing
• Michel Crépeau – Minister of Commerce, Craft Industry, and Tourism
• Gaston Defferre – Minister of Planning and Regional Planning
• Hubert Curien – Minister of Research and Technology
• Georgina Dufoix – Minister of Social Affairs and National Solidarity.

Changes

• 7 December 1984 – Roland Dumas succeeds Cheysson as Minister of External Relations. The position of Minister of European Affairs is abolished. Jack Lang enters the Cabinet as Minister of Culture. The office of Minister of Social Affairs and National Solidarity is abolished, and Georgina Dufoix leaves the Cabinet.
• 4 April 1985 – Henri Nallet succeeds Rocard as Minister of Agriculture.
• 21 May 1985 – 15 November 1985 Edgard Pisani appointed minister in charge of New Caledonia
• 20 September 1985 – Paul Quilès succeeds Hernu as Minister of Defense in the wake of the Rainbow Warrior bombing. Jean Auroux succeeds Quilès as Minister of Transport, Town Planning, and Housing.
• 19 February 1986 – Michel Crépeau succeeds Badinter as Minister of Justice. Jean-Marie Bockel succeeds Crépeau as Minister of Commerce, Craft Industry, and Tourism.

Honours[link]

• Grand Cross of the French National Order of Merit (1984)
• Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour (2008)
• Officer of the National Order of Quebec (1986)
• Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D. Henrique (1987)
• Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1990)
• Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (1995)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania (1999)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Laurent Fabius

• Laurent Fabius' official page in the French National Assembly (in French)
• Laurent Fabius' personal web page (in French)
• His Speech to the College Historical Society of Trinity College

v t e Ayrault Cabinet Jean-Marc Ayrault Laurent Fabius Vincent Peillon Christiane Taubira Pierre Moscovici Marisol Touraine Cécile Duflot Manuel Valls Nicole Bricq Arnaud Montebourg Michel Sapin Jean-Yves Le Drian Aurélie Filippetti Geneviève Fioraso Najat Vallaud-Belkacem Stéphane Le Foll Marylise Lebranchu Victorin Lurel Valérie Fourneyron

v t e Heads of government of France Restoration Talleyrand Richelieu Dessolles Decazes Richelieu Villèle Martignac Polignac July Monarchy V. de Broglie Laffitte Perier Soult Gérard Maret Mortier V. de Broglie Thiers Molé Soult Thiers Soult Guizot Molé Second Republic Dupont de l'Eure Arago Cavaignac Barrot Hautpoul Faucher Second Empire Ollivier Cousin-Montauban Interregnum Trochu Third Republic Dufaure A. de Broglie Cissey Buffet Dufaure Simon A. de Broglie Rochebouët Dufaure Waddington Freycinet Ferry Gambetta Freycinet Duclerc Fallières Ferry Brisson Freycinet Goblet Rouvier Floquet Tirard Freycinet Loubet Ribot Dupuy Casimir-Perier Dupuy Ribot Bourgeois Méline Brisson Dupuy Waldeck-Rousseau Combes Rouvier Sarrien Clemenceau Briand Monis Caillaux Poincaré Briand Barthou Doumergue Ribot Viviani Briand Ribot Painlevé Clemenceau Millerand Leygues Briand Poincaré François-Marsal Herriot Painlevé Briand Herriot Poincaré Briand Tardieu Chautemps Tardieu Steeg Laval Tardieu Herriot Paul-Boncour Daladier Sarraut Chautemps Daladier Doumergue Flandin Bouisson Laval Sarraut Blum Chautemps Blum Daladier Reynaud Pétain Vichy France Pétain Laval Brinon Provisional Government de Gaulle Gouin Bidault Auriol Blum Fourth Republic Ramadier Schuman Marie Schuman Queuille Bidault Queuille Pleven Queuille Pleven Faure Pinay Mayer Laniel Mendès France Faure Mollet Bourgès-Maunoury Gaillard Pflimlin de Gaulle Fifth Republic de Gaulle Debré Pompidou Couve de Murville Chaban-Delmas Messmer Chirac Barre Mauroy Fabius Chirac Rocard Cresson Bérégovoy Balladur Juppé Jospin Raffarin de Villepin Fillon Ayrault Italics indicates interim holder

v t e Foreign Ministers of France Ancien régime Revol Villeroy A. J. Richelieu Sillery R. Phélypeaux Bouthillier Chavigny Brienne Lionne Pomponne Croissy Torcy Huxelles Dubois Morville Chauvelin Chaillou Noailles Argenson Puisieulx Saint-Contest Rouillé Bernis E. Choiseul C. Choiseul E. Choiseul L. Phélypeaux Aiguillon Bertin Vergennes Montmorin Vauguyon Montmorin Lessart Dumouriez Naillac Chambonas Dubouchage Sainte-Croix Lebrun First Republic Lebrun Deforgues Goujon Herman Delacroix Talleyrand Reinhard Talleyrand First Empire Talleyrand Champagny Bassano Caulaincourt Restoration Laforest Talleyrand Hundred Days Caulaincourt Bignon Restoration Talleyrand A. E. Richelieu Dessolles Pasquier M. Montmorency Chateaubriand Damas La Ferronays A. Montmorency Portalis Polignac Mortemart July Monarchy Bignon Jourdan Molé Maison Sébastiani V. Broglie Rigny Bresson Rigny V. Broglie Thiers Molé Montebello Soult Thiers Guizot Second Republic Lamartine Bastide Bedeau Bastide Drouyn de Lhuys Tocqueville Rayneval La Hitte Drouyn de Lhuys Brénier Baroche Turgot Drouyn de Lhuys Second Empire Drouyn de Lhuys Walewski Baroche Thouvenel Drouyn de Lhuys La Valette Moustier La Valette La Tour Auvergne Daru Ollivier Gramont La Tour d'Auvergne Third Republic Favre Rémusat A. Broglie Decazes Banneville Waddington Freycinet Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire Gambetta Freycinet Duclerc Fallières Challemel-Lacour Ferry Freycinet Flourens Goblet Spuller Ribot Develle Casimir-Perier Hanotaux Berthelot Bourgeois Hanotaux Delcassé Rouvier Bourgeois Pichon Cruppi Selves Poincaré Jonnart Pichon Doumergue Bourgeois Viviani Doumergue Delcassé Viviani Briand Ribot Barthou Pichon Millerand Leygues Briand Poincaré Lefebvre Herriot Briand Herriot Briand Laval Tardieu Herriot Paul-Boncour Daladier Barthou Laval Flandin Delbos Paul-Boncour Bonnet Daladier Reynaud Daladier Reynaud Baudouin Vichy France Baudouin Laval Flandin Darlan Laval Provisional Government Bidault Blum Fourth Republic Bidault Schuman Bidault Mendès France Faure Pinay Pineau Pleven Couve de Murville Fifth Republic Couve de Murville Debré Schumann Bettencourt Jobert Sauvagnargues Guiringaud François-Poncet Cheysson Dumas Raimond Dumas Juppé Charette Védrine Villepin Barnier Douste-Blazy Kouchner Alliot-Marie Juppé Fabius

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Fabrice Luchini
Fabrice Luchini at the 1993 César awards ceremony
Born	(1951-11-01) 1 November 1951 (age 60) Île-de-France, Paris, France
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1969–present

Fabrice Luchini (born 1 November 1951) is a French stage and film actor.

Biography[link]

Fabrice Luchini was born in Île-de-France, Paris, into an Italian immigrant family, who were fruit and vegetable vendors. He grew up around the neighbourhood of Goutte d'Or in Paris's 18th arrondissement. When he was 13, his mother apprenticed him to a hairdresser in a trendy parlor on Avenue Matignon, where he would take the name of the hairdresser's son, Fabrice, in place of his real name, Robert. At the same time he developed a great interest for literature (Balzac, Flaubert, Proust). His passion for soul music (James Brown) made him a regular of discothèques. This is where he met Philippe Labro, who gave him his first role in Tout peut arriver in 1969. He then studied acting under Jean-Laurent Cochet. However, it was his collaboration with Éric Rohmer that would make him popular for Le Genou de Claire in 1970, in which he played a small role as an adolescent. He appeared in Rohmer's Perceval le Gallois, and Les Nuits de la pleine lune, and in films directed by Nagisa Oshima, Pierre Zucca, Claude Lelouch, Cedric Klapisch, Édouard Molinaro.

Thanks to Jean-Laurent Cochet, he later discovered theater, his true passion, which he described as "the only place where life is expressed... something that no school will ever teach". However, it was his role in La Discrète, directed by Christian Vincent in 1990, that made him well-known to the general public. He divides his work between cinema and theater, where since 1980 he has had considerable success with readings from the texts of La Fontaine, Nietzsche, Céline's Voyage au bout de la nuit, Paul Valéry and Roland Barthes.

Filmography[link]

• In the House (2012)
• Les femmes du 6ème étage (2011)
• Potiche (2010)
• La fille de Monaco (2009)
• Paris (2008)
• Molière (2007)
• Jean-Philippe (2006) as Fabrice
• La Cloche a sonné (2005)
• Confidences trop intimes (aka Intimate Strangers) (2004)
• Le Coût de la vie (2003)
• Barnie et ses petites contrariétés (2001)
• Pas de scandale (1999)
• Rien sur Robert (1999)
• Le Bossu (1997)
• Un air si pur... (1997)
• Hommes, femmes, mode d'emploi (1996)
• Beaumarchais, l'insolent (1996)
• L'Année Juliette (1995)
• Le Colonel Chabert (1994)
• Toxic Affair (1993)
• L'Arbre, le maire et la médiathèque (1993)
• Tout ça... pour ça! (1993)
• Riens du tout (1992)
• Le Retour de Casanova (1992)
• Uranus (1990)
• La Discrète (1990)
• La Couleur du vent (1988)
• Alouette, je te plumerai (1988)
• 4 aventures de Reinette et Mirabelle (1987)
• Les Oreilles entre les dents (1987)
• Max mon amour (1986)
• Conseil de famille (1986)
• Hôtel du paradis (1986)
• Triple sec (1986)
• P.R.O.F.S. (1985)
• Rouge-gorge (1985)
• Les Nuits de la pleine lune (1984)
• Emmanuelle 4 (1984)
• Zig Zag Story (1983)
• Il ne faut jurer de rien (1983)
• Lettre de la Sierra Morena (1983)
• T'es folle ou quoi? (1982)
• Jimmy Jazz (1982)
• La Femme de l'aviateur (1981)
• La Forêt désenchantée (1981)
• Même les mômes ont du vague à l'âme (1980)
• Perceval le Gallois (1978)
• Violette Nozière (1978)
• Les Écrans déchirés (1976)
• Vincent mit l'âne dans un pré (et s'en vint dans l'autre) (1975)
• Né (1975)
• Contes immoraux (1974)
• Valparaiso, Valparaiso (1971)
• Le Genou de Claire (1970)
• Tout peut arriver (1969)

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fabrice Luchini

• Fabrice Luchini at the Internet Movie Database

Martine Aubry
First Secretary of the Socialist Party
Incumbent
Assumed office 27 November 2008*
Preceded by	François Hollande
Mayor of Lille
Incumbent
Assumed office 25 March 2001
Preceded by	Pierre Mauroy
Minister of Social Affairs
In office 2 June 1997 – 18 October 2000
Prime Minister	Lionel Jospin
Preceded by	Jean-Claude Gaudin
Succeeded by	Élisabeth Guigou
Minister of Labour, Employment and Vocational Training
In office 15 May 1991 – 28 March 1993
Prime Minister	Édith Cresson Pierre Bérégovoy
Preceded by	Jean-Pierre Soisson
Succeeded by	Michel Giraud
Personal details
Born	(1950-08-08) 8 August 1950 (age 61) Paris, France
Political party	Socialist Party
Alma mater	Pantheon-Assas Paris II University University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne Institute of Political Studies, Paris National School of Administration, Strasbourg
* Harlem Désir served as Acting Leader from 30 June 2011 – 16 October 2011.

Martine Aubry (French pronunciation: [maʁtin obʁi]; née Delors; born 8 August 1950) is a French politician. She has been the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste, or PS) since November 2008 and Mayor of Lille (Nord) since March 2001. Her father, Jacques Delors, served as Minister of Finance under President François Mitterrand and was also President of the European Commission.

Aubry joined the PS in 1974 and was appointed Minister of Labour by Prime Minister Édith Cresson in 1991, but lost her position in 1993 after the Right won the legislative elections. However, she became Minister of Social Affairs when Lionel Jospin was appointed Prime Minister in 1997. She is mostly known for having pushed the popular 35-hour workweek law, known as the "Loi Aubry", reducing the nominal length of the normal full-time working week from 39 to 35 hours, and the law that created the Couverture maladie universelle (Universal health care coverage).

Aubry stepped down from her Cabinet post in 2001 to be elected Mayor of Lille in place of Pierre Mauroy. Aubry subsequently lost her seat in the National Assembly in the general election of 2002. In March 2008, she was reelected Mayor of Lille, with 66.55% of the votes.

In November 2008, she was elected to lead the Socialist Party, narrowly defeating Ségolène Royal; while Royal disputed the results, the Socialist Party declared on November 25, 2008 that Aubry had won the contested election. On 28 June 2011, Martine Aubry announced she would seek the Socialist nomination to run in the 2012 presidential election, ultimately losing to her predecessor as First Secretary, François Hollande.

Biography[link]

Born in Paris, Aubry is the daughter of French Minister of Finance (1981–1985) and European Commission President (1985–1995) Jacques Delors.

Education and professional career[link]

Aubry was educated at the lycée Notre-Dame-des-Oiseaux^[1] and the lycée Paul-Valéry (in Paris);^[2] she holds a degree in economic science from the Pantheon-Assas Paris II University,^[3] a diploma from the Institut des Sciences Sociales du Travail, and one from the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (or Sciences Po) in 1972.

Between 1973 and 1975, she studied at the École nationale d'administration (ÉNA, National School of Administration). She became a civil administrator at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (France) (Ministère du Travail et des Affaires sociales), during which time she was active within the French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CFDT). She became a professor at ÉNA in 1978, and was seconded to the State Council between 1980 and 1981.

Following the election of François Mitterrand to the French presidency in 1981, she successively held several posts at the Ministry of Social Affairs, in the cabinets of Jean Auroux and Pierre Bérégovoy. In 1984, she investigated French asbestos policy for the Comité Permanent Amiante (Permanent Asbestos Committee, an informal public-private working group formed to manage the health problems of workers affected by asbestos). The group's deputy director, Jean-Luc Pasquier, testified before the courts to account for the group's members' actions.

After the defeat of the socialists in the French legislative election of 1986, she was named Master of Requests at the State Council. From 1989 to 1991, she took up the post of Assistant Director at Pechiney, working with Jean Gandois. She was involved with the opening of a plant at Dunkerque and the closure of the aluminium works at Noguères.^[4]