Data ( /ˈdeɪtə/ DAY-tə, /ˈdætə/ DA-tə, or /ˈdɑːtə/ DAH-tə) are values of qualitative or quantitative variables, belonging to a set of items. Data in computing (or data processing) are often represented by a combination of items organized in rows and multiple variables organized in columns. Data are typically the results of measurements and can be visualised using graphs or images. Data as an abstract concept can be viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and then knowledge are derived. Raw data, i.e., unprocessed data, refers to a collection of numbers, characters and is a relative term; data processing commonly occurs by stages, and the "processed data" from one stage may be considered the "raw data" of the next. Field data refers to raw data collected in an uncontrolled in situ environment. Experimental data refers to data generated within the context of a scientific investigation by observation and recording.

The word data is the plural of datum, neuter past participle of the Latin dare, "to give", hence "something given". In discussions of problems in geometry, mathematics, engineering, and so on, the terms givens and data are used interchangeably. Such usage is the origin of data as a concept in computer science or data processing: data are numbers, words, images, etc., accepted as they stand.

Usage in English[link]

In English, the word datum is still used in the general sense of "an item given". In cartography, geography, nuclear magnetic resonance and technical drawing it is often used to refer to a single specific reference datum from which distances to all other data are measured. Any measurement or result is a datum, but data point is more usual,^[1] albeit tautological. Both datums (see usage in datum article) and the originally Latin plural data are used as the plural of datum in English, but data is commonly treated as a mass noun and used with a verb in the singular form, especially in day-to-day usage. For example, This is all the data from the experiment. This usage is inconsistent with the rules of Latin grammar and traditional English (These are all the data from the experiment). Even when a very small quantity of data is referenced (one number, for example) the phrase piece of data is often used, as opposed to datum. The debate over appropriate usage is ongoing.^[2][3][4]

The IEEE Computer Society, allows usage of data as either a mass noun or plural based on author preference.^[5] Other professional organizations and style guides^[6] require that authors treat data as a plural noun. For example, the Air Force Flight Test Center specifically states that the word data is always plural, never singular.^[7]

Data is most often used as a singular mass noun in educated everyday usage.^[8][9] Some major newspapers such as The New York Times use it either in the singular or plural. In the New York Times the phrases "the survey data are still being analyzed" and "the first year for which data is available" have appeared within one day.^[10] In scientific writing data is often treated as a plural, as in These data do not support the conclusions, but it is also used as a singular mass entity like information. British usage now widely accepts treating data as singular in standard English,^[11] including everyday newspaper usage^[12] at least in non-scientific use.^[13] UK scientific publishing still prefers treating it as a plural.^[14] Some UK university style guides recommend using data for both singular and plural use^[15] and some recommend treating it only as a singular in connection with computers.^[16]

Meaning of data, information and knowledge[link]

The terms data, information and knowledge are frequently used for overlapping concepts. The main difference is in the level of abstraction being considered. Data is the lowest level of abstraction, information is the next level, and finally, knowledge is the highest level among all three.^[17] Data on its own carries no meaning. For data to become information, it must be interpreted and take on a meaning. For example, the height of Mt. Everest is generally considered as "data", a book on Mt. Everest geological characteristics may be considered as "information", and a report containing practical information on the best way to reach Mt. Everest's peak may be considered as "knowledge".

Information as a concept bears a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.

Beynon-Davies uses the concept of a sign to distinguish between data and information; data are symbols while information occurs when symbols are used to refer to something.^[18]

It is people and computers who collect data and impose patterns on it. These patterns are seen as information which can be used to enhance knowledge. These patterns can be interpreted as truth, and are authorized as aesthetic and ethical criteria. Events that leave behind perceivable physical or virtual remains can be traced back through data. Marks are no longer considered data once the link between the mark and observation is broken.^[19]

Mechanical computing devices are classified according to the means by which they represent data. An analog computer represents a datum as a voltage, distance, position, or other physical quantity. A digital computer represents a datum as a sequence of symbols drawn from a fixed alphabet. The most common digital computers use a binary alphabet, that is, an alphabet of two characters, typically denoted "0" and "1". More familiar representations, such as numbers or letters, are then constructed from the binary alphabet.

Some special forms of data are distinguished. A computer program is a collection of data, which can be interpreted as instructions. Most computer languages make a distinction between programs and the other data on which programs operate, but in some languages, notably Lisp and similar languages, programs are essentially indistinguishable from other data. It is also useful to distinguish metadata, that is, a description of other data. A similar yet earlier term for metadata is "ancillary data." The prototypical example of metadata is the library catalog, which is a description of the contents of books.

See also[link]

References[link]

This article is based on material taken from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of the GFDL, version 1.3 or later.

External links[link]

Look up data in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Data is a singular noun (a detailed assessment)

Dan Bull
Dan Bull at the Digital Economy Bill demonstrations in London, 24 March 2010
Background information
Birth name	Daniel Bull
Also known as	Douglby, Dan Bull
Born	(1986-03-27) March 27, 1986 (age 26) Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England
Origin	Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England
Genres	Hip hop
Occupations	Rapper, songwriter
Years active	2006–present
Labels	Unsigned
Website	itsdanbull.com

Dan Bull is an English rapper and songwriter known for his politically orientated lyrics and specific addressing of high profile figures in his music. His music has been featured in the British press as part of attempts to save BBC Radio 6,^[1][2] campaign against the Digital Economy Bill,^[3] and protest in favour of filesharing.^[4]

Musical career[link]

[edit] 2006 - Present: Other Work (Youtube)

Dan Bull has released songs on subjects such as digital rights, the music industry, and gaming.^[5][6][7] Bull's actions have gained attention, specifically from the TalkTalk Group who requested to team up with him against the Digital Economy Bill.^[8]

Gaming Raps

Dan has acquired many of his fans through the creation of gaming raps. He has created songs about Grand Theft Auto V, Minecraft, Assassin's Creed, Star Wars: The Old Republic, Modern Warfare, Mass Effect, League of Legends, and Skyrim. The Epic Skyrim Rap is his most popular video, with over 4.5 million views.

[edit] 2009: Safe

Safe tells the story of a young man who attempts suicide at the same time as a global thermonuclear holocaust and awakens in a new, ambiguous nirvana. Along the way, Dan Bull covers such topics as summer sunshine, friendship, love and loss, alienation, politics, death, religion, suicide and insanity.^{[9][unreliable source?]}

[edit] 2011: Face

Bull announced via his blog that the upcoming album would be available in early 2011. Stating that: "It’s going to be a continuation of the narrative of my first album, but will have a very different feel and mood overall."^[10] The album focuses on topics such as medical recovery, war, love, Asperger's syndrome, alcoholism, and pride. Face was released in December 2011. The 12-track album includes ten brand new songs as well as the 2010 tracks America and John Lennon.

[edit] 2012: Sharing is caring

Dan Bull announced via his website that he was aiming to get into the UK and Global charts with his new track "Sharing is caring." He offered it on iTunes, Play.com, Amazon and on torrent via The Pirate Bay. To people who bought all 10 versions of his track, they would be thanked in a music video of his, given that they notify him with sufficient proof. The lyrical content in the different versions of his track were targeted at popular social networking sites, Facebook, Twitter. and Google+. He also offered the instrumental by itself, voice only versions, and remixes of each track.^[11] The Animal Circus remix reached the top of the Reggae charts on Amazon UK, and second place in the World category.^[12]

Discography[link]

Studio albums

• Safe (2009)
• Face (2011)

Videos[link]

• Dear Lily (2009)
• Doorways (2009)
• Free Gary (2009)
• Generation Gaming (2009)
• Dear Andy (2010)
• Dear Mandy (2010)
• Death of ACTA (2010)
• Dear Auntie (2010)
• SOPA Cabana (2011)
• Bye Bye BPI (2012)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• YouTube

Data.Tron [8K enhanced version] by Ryoji Ikeda on show in transmediale 10.

Ryoji Ikeda (born 1966 in Gifu, Japan) is a Japanese sound artist who lives and works in Paris. Ikeda's music is concerned primarily with sound in a variety of "raw" states, such as sine tones and noise, often using frequencies at the edges of the range of human hearing. The conclusion of his album +/- features just such a tone; of it, Ikeda says "a high frequency sound is used that the listener becomes aware of only upon its disappearance" (from the CD booklet). Rhythmically, Ikeda's music is highly imaginative, exploiting beat patterns and, at times, using a variety of discrete tones and noise to create the semblance of a drum machine. His work also encroaches on the world of ambient music; many tracks on his albums are concerned with slowly evolving soundscapes, with little or no sense of pulse.

In addition to working as a solo artist, he has also collaborated with, among others, Carsten Nicolai (under the name "Cyclo.") and the art collective Dumb Type. His work matrix won the Golden Nica Award in 2001.^[1]

In 2004, the dormant Saarinen-designed TWA Flight Center (now Jetblue Terminal 5) at JFK Airport briefly hosted an art exhibition called Terminal 5^[2] curated by Rachel K. Ward^[3] and featuring the work of 18 artists^[4] including Ikeda. The show featured work, lectures and temporary installations drawing inspiration from the idea of travel — and the terminal's architecture.^[4] The show was to run from October 1 2004 to January 31, 2005^[4] — though it closed abruptly after the building itself was vandalized during the opening party.^[3][5]

In May – June 2011 a presentation of three of the artist's immersive audio/visual projects, The Transfinite, was exhibited at the Park Avenue Armory.^[6]

Discography[link]

Albums

• 1000 Fragments (Cci recordings, 1995)
• +/- (Touch, 1997)
• Time and Space (Staalplaat, 1998)
• 0°C (Touch, 1998)
• Mort Aux Vaches (live recording at VPRO Radio; Staalplaat, 1998)
• 99 [for 20' to 2000] (Raster-Noton, 1999)
• Matrix (Touch, 2001)
• Cyclo. (with Carsten Nicolai; Raster-Noton, 2001)
• Op. (Touch, 2002)
• Dataplex (Raster-Noton, 2005)
• Test Pattern (Raster-Noton, 2008)
• Dataphonics (Dis Voir, 2010)

as Producer

• S/N (by Dumb Type; Spiral 1994)
• OR (by Dumb Type; Foil Records, 1998)

Compilations

• Silence CD (Spiral, 1993)
• Document 02 - Sine (Dorobo, 1995)
• Statics (Cci recordings, 1995)
• Mesmervariations (Ash International, 1995)
• A Fault in the Nothing (Ash International, 1996)
• Night Passage: demixed (Dorobo, 1996)
• Atomic Weight (Iridium, 1996)
• Touch Sampler 2 (Touch, 1996)
• Tulpas (Selektion, 1997)
• Chill Out (Sabotage, 1998)
• Meme (meme, 1998)
• Modulations (Caipirinha, 1998)
• Stilluppsteypa Remix (Fire Inc., 1998)
• END ID (Digital Narcis, 1999)
• Modulation & Transformation 4 (Mille Plateaux, 1999)
• Microscopic (Caipirinha, 1999)
• Touch Sampler 0 (Touch, 2000)
• Memorandum (Dumb Type; Cci recordings, 2000)
• Clicks & Cuts 2 (Mille Plateaux, 2001)
• An Anthology of Noise & Electronic Music, Vol.1 (Sub Rosa, 2002)
• Touch 25 (Touch, 2007)

DVDs/books

• Formula (Forma, 2005)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Biography at Forma.org.uk
• Contemporary Magazine article
• 5 against 4 retrospective (includes audio samples)
• Brainwashed link collection

This article about a Japanese musician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Sir Tim Berners-Lee OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA
Berners-Lee in 2010
Born	Timothy John Berners-Lee (1955-06-08) 8 June 1955 (age 57)[1] London, England[1]
Residence	Massachusetts, U.S.[1]
Nationality	British
Alma mater	Queen's College, Oxford
Occupation	Computer scientist
Employer	World Wide Web Consortium University of Southampton
Known for	Inventing the World Wide Web Holder of the 3Com Founders Chair at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Title	Professor
Religion	Unitarian Universalism
Parents	Conway Berners-Lee Mary Lee Woods
Website
www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/

Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA (born 8 June 1955^[1]), also known as "TimBL", is an English computer scientist, MIT professor and the inventor of the World Wide Web. He made a proposal for an information management system in March 1989^[2] and on 25 December 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at CERN, he implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the Internet.^[3]

Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development. He is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation, and is a senior researcher and holder of the 3Com Founders Chair at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL).^[4] He is a director of The Web Science Research Initiative (WSRI),^[5] and a member of the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence.^[6][7]

In 2004, Berners-Lee was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his pioneering work.^[8] In April 2009, he was elected a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences.^[9][10]

Early life[link]

Berners-Lee was born in southwest London, England, on 8 June 1955, the son of Conway Berners-Lee and Mary Lee Woods. His parents worked on the first commercially built computer, the Ferranti Mark 1. One of four children, he attended Sheen Mount Primary School, and then went on to Emanuel School in London, from 1969 to 1973.^[8] He studied at The Queen's College, Oxford, from 1973 to 1976, where he received a first-class degree in Physics.^[1]

Career[link]

Berners-Lee, 2005

While an independent contractor at CERN from June to December 1980, Berners-Lee proposed a project based on the concept of hypertext, to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers.^[11] While there, he built a prototype system named ENQUIRE.^[12]

After leaving CERN in 1980, he went to work at John Poole's Image Computer Systems, Ltd, in Bournemouth, England.^[13] The project he worked on was a real-time remote procedure call which gave him experience in computer networking.^[13] In 1984 he returned to CERN as a fellow.^[12]

In 1989, CERN was the largest Internet node in Europe, and Berners-Lee saw an opportunity to join hypertext with the Internet: "I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the Transmission Control Protocol and domain name system ideas and—ta-da!—the World Wide Web."^[14] “Creating the web was really an act of desperation, because the situation without it was very difficult when I was working at CERN later. Most of the technology involved in the web, like the hypertext, like the Internet, multifont text objects, had all been designed already. I just had to put them together. It was a step of generalising, going to a higher level of abstraction, thinking about all the documentation systems out there as being possibly part of a larger imaginary documentation system.”^[15] He wrote his initial proposal in March 1989, and in 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau (with whom he shared the 1995 ACM Software System Award), produced a revision which was accepted by his manager, Mike Sendall.^[16] He used similar ideas to those underlying the ENQUIRE system to create the World Wide Web, for which he designed and built the first Web browser. This also functioned as an editor (WorldWideWeb, running on the NeXTSTEP operating system), and the first Web server, CERN HTTPd (short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol daemon).

" Mike Sendall buys a NeXT cube for evaluation, and gives it to Tim [Berners-Lee]. Tim's prototype implementation on NeXTStep is made in the space of a few months, thanks to the qualities of the NeXTStep software development system. This prototype offers WYSIWYG browsing/authoring! Current Web browsers used in "surfing the Internet" are mere passive windows, depriving the user of the possibility to contribute. During some sessions in the CERN cafeteria, Tim and I try to find a catching name for the system. I was determined that the name should not yet again be taken from Greek mythology. Tim proposes "World-Wide Web". I like this very much, except that it is difficult to pronounce in French..." by Robert Cailliau, 2 November 1995.^[17]

The first website built was at CERN within the border of France^[18], and was first put online on 6 August 1991:

"Info.cern.ch was the address of the world's first-ever web site and web server, running on a NeXT computer at CERN. The first web page address was http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html, which centred on information regarding the WWW project. Visitors could learn more about hypertext, technical details for creating their own webpage, and even an explanation on how to search the Web for information. There are no screenshots of this original page and, in any case, changes were made daily to the information available on the page as the WWW project developed. You may find a later copy (1992) on the World Wide Web Consortium website." -CERN

It provided an explanation of what the World Wide Web was, and how one could use a browser and set up a web server.^{[19][20][21][22]}

In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the W3C at MIT. It comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The World Wide Web Consortium decided that its standards should be based on royalty-free technology, so that they could easily be adopted by anyone.^[23]

In 2001, Berners-Lee became a patron of the East Dorset Heritage Trust, having previously lived in Colehill in Wimborne, East Dorset, England.^[24]

In December 2004, he accepted a chair in Computer Science at the School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, England, to work on the Semantic Web.^[25][26]

In a Times article in October 2009, Berners-Lee admitted that the initial pair of slashes ("//") in a web address were actually "unnecessary". He told the newspaper that he could easily have designed URLs not to have the slashes. "There you go, it seemed like a good idea at the time," he said in his lighthearted apology.^[27]

Current work[link]

Tim Berners-Lee at the Home Office, London, on 11 March 2010

In June 2009 then British Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced Berners-Lee would work with the UK Government to help make data more open and accessible on the Web, building on the work of the Power of Information Task Force.^[28] Berners-Lee and Professor Nigel Shadbolt are the two key figures behind data.gov.uk, a UK Government project to open up almost all data acquired for official purposes for free re-use. Commenting on the opening up of Ordnance Survey data in April 2010 Berners-Lee said that: "The changes signal a wider cultural change in Government based on an assumption that information should be in the public domain unless there is a good reason not to—not the other way around." He went on to say "Greater openness, accountability and transparency in Government will give people greater choice and make it easier for individuals to get more directly involved in issues that matter to them."^[29]

In November 2009, Berners-Lee launched the World Wide Web Foundation in order to "Advance the Web to empower humanity by launching transformative programs that build local capacity to leverage the Web as a medium for positive change."^[30]

Berners-Lee is one of the pioneer voices in favour of Net Neutrality,^[31] and has expressed the view that ISPs should supply "connectivity with no strings attached," and should neither control nor monitor customers' browsing activities without their expressed consent.^[32][33] He advocates the idea that net neutrality is a kind of human network right: "Threats to the Internet, such as companies or governments that interfere with or snoop on Internet traffic, compromise basic human network rights."^[34]

Berners-Lee is a co-director of the Open Data Institute.^[35]

Recognition[link]

This NeXT Computer was used by Berners-Lee at CERN and became the world's first web server.

• In 1994 he became one of only six members of the World Wide Web Hall of Fame.^[36]
• In 1995 he won the Kilby Foundation's "Young Innovator of the Year" Award.^[1]
• In 1995 he received also the Software System Award from the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).^[37]
• In 1998 he was awarded with an honorary doctorate from the University of Essex.^[38]
• In 1999, Time Magazine named Berners-Lee one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century.^[3]
• In March 2000 he was awarded an honorary degree from The Open University as Doctor of the University.^[39]
• In 2001, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[40]
• In 2003, he received the Computer History Museum's Fellow Award, for his seminal contributions to the development of the World Wide Web.^[41]
• On 15 April 2004, he was named as the first recipient of Finland's Millennium Technology Prize, for inventing the World Wide Web. The cash prize, worth one million euros (about £892,000, or US$1.3 million, as of Sept 2011), was awarded on 15 June, in Helsinki, Finland, by the President of the Republic of Finland, Tarja Halonen.^[42]
• He was appointed to the rank of Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (the second-highest class within this Order that entails a knighthood) by Queen Elizabeth II, in the 2004 New Year's Honours List, and was formally invested on 16 July 2004.^[8][43]
• On 21 July 2004, he was presented with an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Lancaster University.^[44]
• On 27 January 2005, he was named Greatest Briton of 2004, both for his achievements and for displaying the key British characteristics of "diffidence, determination, a sharp sense of humour and adaptability", as put by David Hempleman-Adams, a panel member.^[45]
• In 2007, Berners-Lee received the Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award.
• In 2007, he was ranked Joint First, alongside Albert Hofmann, in The Telegraph's list of 100 greatest living geniuses.^[46]
• On 13 June 2007, he received the Order of Merit, becoming one of only 24 living members entitled to hold the honour, and to use the post-nominals 'O.M.' after their name.^[47] (The Order of Merit is within the personal bestowal of The Queen, and does not require recommendation by ministers or the Prime Minister)
• He was awarded the 2008 IEEE/RSE Wolfson James Clerk Maxwell Award, for "conceiving and further developing the World Wide Web".^[48]
• On 2 December 2008, Berners-Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Manchester. His parents worked on the Manchester Mark 1 in the 1940s and 50s.^[49]
• On 21 April 2009, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.^[50]
• On 28 April 2009, he was elected member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.
• On 8 June 2009, he received the Webby Award for Lifetime Achievement, at the awards ceremony held in New York City.^[51]
• In October 2009, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam^[52][53]
• On 30 March 2011, he was one of the first three recipients of the Mikhail Gorbachev award for "The Man Who Changed the World", at the inuagural awards ceremony held in London. The other recipients were Evans Wadongo for solar power development and anti-poverty work in Africa, and media mogul Ted Turner.
• On 26 May 2011, Berners-Lee was awarded with an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Harvard University.^[54]
• In 2011, he was inducted into IEEE Intelligent Systems' AI's Hall of Fame for the "significant contributions to the field of AI and intelligent systems".^[55][56]
• In 2012, Berners-Lee was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society.^[57]

Personal life[link]

This section contains information which may be of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article's subject matter. Please help improve this article by clarifying or removing superfluous information. (May 2012)

This section requires expansion.

Berners-Lee had a religious upbringing, but left the Church of England as a teenager, just after being confirmed and "told how essential it was to believe in all kinds of unbelievable things". He and his family eventually joined a Unitarian Universalist church while they were living in Boston.^[58]

See also[link]

• Eelco van Asperen
• History of the World Wide Web
• Kevin Hughes (www)
• libwww
• Mundaneum
• Network neutrality
• Paul Otlet
• Semantic Web
• Bob Taylor
• Vannevar Bush

Publications[link]

• Berners-Lee, Tim; Mark Fischetti (1999). Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor. Britain: Orion Business. ISBN 0-7528-2090-7. 
• Berners-Lee, T. (2010). "Long Live the Web". Scientific American 303 (6): 80–85. DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican1210-80. PMID 21141362.  edit
• Berners-Lee, T. (2010). "Long Live the Web". Scientific American 303 (6): 80–85. DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican1210-80. PMID 21141362.  edit
• Shadbolt, N.; Berners-Lee, T. (2008). "Web science emerges". Scientific American 299 (4): 76–81. DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican1008-76. PMID 18847088.  edit
• Berners-Lee, T.; Hall, W.; Hendler, J.; Shadbolt, N.; Weitzner, D. (2006). "COMPUTER SCIENCE: Enhanced: Creating a Science of the Web". Science 313 (5788): 769–771. DOI:10.1126/science.1126902. PMID 16902115.  edit

Notes[link]

Further reading[link]

• Tim Berners-Lee and the Development of the World Wide Web (Unlocking the Secrets of Science), Ann Gaines (Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2001) ISBN 1-58415-096-3
• Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web (Ferguson's Career Biographies), Melissa Stewart (Ferguson Publishing Company, 2001) ISBN 0-89434-367-X children's biography
• Weaving the Web Berners-Lee, Tim, with Fischetti, Mark (Harper Collins Publishers,1999) ISBN 0-06-251586-1(cloth) ISBN 0-06-251587-X(paper)
• How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web Robert Cailliau, James Gillies, R. Cailliau (Oxford University Press, 2000) ISBN 0-19-286207-3
• Tim Berners-Lee Gives the Web a New Definition
• BBC2 Newsnight – Transcript of video interview of Berners-Lee on the read/write Web
• Technology Review interview

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tim Berners-Lee