The word 'velvety' is used as an adjective to mean "smooth like velvet".
Velvet can be made from many different kinds of fibres, traditionally silk. Velvet made entirely from silk has market prices of several hundred US dollars per yard. Cotton can also be used, though this often results in a slightly less luxurious fabric. Velvet can also be made from fibers such as linen, mohair, and wool. A cloth made by the Kuba people of the Democratic Republic of Congo from raffia is often referred to as "Kuba velvet". More recently, synthetic velvets have been developed, mostly polyester, nylon, viscose, acetate, and mixtures of different synthetics, or synthetics and natural fibers (for example viscose mixed with silk). A small percentage of spandex is sometimes added to give stretch.
The art of velvet-weaving probably originated in medieval Kashmir around the beginning of the fourteenth century.
King Richard II of England directed in his will that his body should be clothed in velveto in 1399.
The earliest sources of European artistic velvets were Lucca, Genoa, Florence and Venice, and Genoa continues to send out rich velvet textures. Somewhat later the art was taken up by Flemish weavers, and in the 16th century Bruges attained a reputation for velvets that were not inferior to those of the great Italian cities.
Silk - More expensive than plain velvet, this type is usually shinier and softer than the cotton variety.
Viscose - In terms of quality, this type is more similar to silk velvet than cotton velvet.
Hammered - This type is extremely lustrous, appears dappled, and somewhat crushed.
Embossed - A metal roller is used to heat-stamp the fabric, producing a pattern.
Crushed - This type of velvet can be produced by pressing the fabric down in different directions. It can also be produced by mechanically twisting the fabric while wet. The result is patterned appearance that is very lustrous.
Panné - Also a type of crushed velvet, panné is produced by forcing the pile in a single direction by applying heavy pressure.
Devore - This variety is produced with a caustic solution. This dissolves part of the velvet leaving sheer areas of fabric. Usually a definite pattern is produced.
Velveteen is a type of imitation velvet. It is normally made of cotton or a combination of cotton and silk. It has a pile that is short (never more than 3mm deep), and is closely set. It has a firm hand, and a slightly sloping pile. Unlike true velvet, this type has greater body, does not drape as easily, and has less sheen.
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