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Alexandra Palace
Set in Alexandra Park, Alexandra Palace was built in an area between Hornsey, Muswell Hill and Wood Green in North London, England, in 1873 as a public centre of recreation, education and entertainment and as North London's counterpart to the Crystal Palace in South London.
http://wn.com/Alexandra_Palace -
Algeria
http://wn.com/Algeria -
Asunción
http://wn.com/Asunción -
Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia -
Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. It is one of the country's 33 provinces with the provincial capital at Denpasar towards the south of the island.
http://wn.com/Bali -
Beacon, New York
Beacon is a city located in Dutchess County, New York, United States. Although the city's estimated living population is around 16,000 people, the 2000 census placed the city total population at 13,808. It is part of the Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. Beacon was named to commemorate the historic beacon fires that blazed forth from the summit of the Fishkill Mountains to alert the Continental Army about British troop movements.
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Belgrade
http://wn.com/Belgrade -
Botswana
The Republic of Botswana () is a sub Saharan country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" (singular: Motswana). Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. It has held free and fair democratic elections since independence.
http://wn.com/Botswana -
Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
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Brighton
Brighton () is the major part of the city of Brighton and Hove (formed from the previous towns of Brighton, Hove, Portslade and several other villages) in East Sussex on the south coast of Great Britain. For administrative purposes, Brighton and Hove is not part of the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex, but remains part of the ceremonial county of East Sussex.
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Bristol
Bristol () is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,006,600 residents, it is England's sixth, and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
http://wn.com/Bristol -
Cairo
Cairo (; , literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror") is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in the 10th century, the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids in adjacent Giza.
http://wn.com/Cairo -
California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
http://wn.com/California -
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada -
Caribbean Islands
http://wn.com/Caribbean_Islands -
Chad
http://wn.com/Chad -
Chlef
Chlef () is the capital of Chlef Province, Algeria. It is home to the soccer club ASO Chlef, the Hassiba Ben Bouali university, and the basilica of Saint Reparatus, which is home to the oldest Christian labyrinth in the world.
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Chuschi
Chuschi is a town in the Chuschi District of the Cangallo Province of the Ayacucho Region of Peru. On May 17, 1980, Shining Path guerrillas began their war against the Peruvian state by burning ballot boxes in Chuschi. On March 14, 1991, government forces perptrated the Chuschi massacre in the town.
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Cincinnati
Cincinnati () is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. The municipality is located north of the Ohio River at the Ohio-Kentucky border. The population within city limits was estimated to be 333,200 in 2009, making it the state's third-largest city. According to a 2008 Census Bureau estimate, the Cincinnati metropolitan area had a population of 2,155,137 making it the largest MSA in Ohio (surpassing Cleveland, which ranks 26th), and the 24th most populous in the United States. Residents of Cincinnati are called Cincinnatians.
http://wn.com/Cincinnati -
Colombia
Colombia (), officially the Republic of Colombia (, ), is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. With a population of over 45 million people, Colombia has the 29th largest population in the world and the second largest in South America, after Brazil. Colombia has the fourth largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico, the United States, and Spain.
http://wn.com/Colombia -
Costa Rica
:For the plant genus Costarica, see its synonym Sicyos.
http://wn.com/Costa_Rica -
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba (; , ) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos.
http://wn.com/Cuba -
Czech Republic
http://wn.com/Czech_Republic -
Detroit, Michigan
http://wn.com/Detroit_Michigan -
Egypt
http://wn.com/Egypt -
El Salvador
El Salvador (; , literally meaning "Republic of The Savior") is the smallest and also the most densely populated country in Central America. It borders the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras. It lies on the Gulf of Fonseca, as do Honduras and Nicaragua further south.
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Estonian SSR
http://wn.com/Estonian_SSR -
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.
http://wn.com/European_Commission -
Florida
Florida () is a state of the United States. It is located in the Southeastern United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the north. Much of the state's land mass is a large peninsula with the Gulf of Mexico to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Caribbean to the south. Florida was admitted as the 27th U.S. state in 1845, after a three hundred year period of European colonization.
http://wn.com/Florida -
Fort Wayne, Indiana
Fort Wayne is a city in the U.S. state of Indiana and the county seat of Allen County. As of 2009, the city had an estimated population of 255,890, ranking it the 72nd largest city in the nation. It is the second largest city in Indiana, after Indianapolis. The municipality is located in northeastern Indiana, approximately west of the Ohio border and south of the Michigan border.
http://wn.com/Fort_Wayne_Indiana -
Gdańsk
http://wn.com/Gdańsk -
Georgia Guidestones
The Georgia Guidestones is a large granite monument in Elbert County, Georgia, USA. A message comprising ten guides is inscribed on the structure in eight modern languages, and a shorter message is inscribed at the top of the structure in four ancient languages' scripts: Babylonian, Classical Greek, Sanskrit, and Egyptian hieroglyphs.
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Gibraltar
Gibraltar () is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean, overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory itself is a peninsula of whose isthmus connects to the north with Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the area and gives its name to the densely populated town, home to almost 30,000 Gibraltarians.
http://wn.com/Gibraltar -
Gotthard Road Tunnel
http://wn.com/Gotthard_Road_Tunnel -
Guatemala
http://wn.com/Guatemala -
Gwangju
Gwangju (officially known as Gwangju Metropolitan City; ) is the sixth largest city in South Korea. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County in 2005.
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Honduras
Honduras (, , ) is a republic in Central America. It was formerly known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras (now Belize). The country is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.
http://wn.com/Honduras -
Iceland
:
http://wn.com/Iceland -
Intel
http://wn.com/Intel -
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran -
Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
http://wn.com/Iraq -
Israel
http://wn.com/Israel -
Italy
http://wn.com/Italy -
Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( , ; Arabic: , al-Quds Sharif, "The Holy Sanctuary") is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 763,800 residents over an area of . Located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea, modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond the boundaries of the Old City.
http://wn.com/Jerusalem -
Kleť
http://wn.com/Kleť -
Knesset
http://wn.com/Knesset -
Las Vegas Strip
The Las Vegas Strip is an approximately stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard South in Clark County, Nevada. The Strip lies in the unincorporated areas of Paradise and Winchester. Most of "the Strip" has been designated an All-American Road.
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Liberia
http://wn.com/Liberia -
Libya
http://wn.com/Libya -
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London -
Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; , Spanish for "The Angels") is the second most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of California and the western United States, with a population of 3.83 million within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Los Angeles extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of over 14.8 million and it is the 14th largest urban area in the world, affording it megacity status. The metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is home to nearly 12.9 million residents while the broader Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area (CSA) contains nearly 17.8 million people. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most multicultural counties in the United States. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos" ().
http://wn.com/Los_Angeles -
Lublin
Lublin (, Liublin, Loblin) is the ninth largest city in Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 350,392 (June 2009). Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula river. Lublin is a candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2016.
http://wn.com/Lublin -
Mali
http://wn.com/Mali -
Maze (HM Prison)
'''Her Majesty's Prison Maze (known colloquially as Maze Prison, The Maze, The H Blocks or Long Kesh''') was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from mid-1971 to mid-2000.
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Mecca
Mecca (), also spelled Makkah (occasionally 'Bakkah') (; Makkah and in full: transliterated Makkah Al Mukarramah ) is a city in Saudi Arabia, and the holiest meeting site in Islam, closely followed by Medina.
http://wn.com/Mecca -
Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
http://wn.com/Moscow -
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, ) is an Executive Branch agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's civilian space program and aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's self-described mission statement is to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research."
http://wn.com/NASA -
New Jersey
New Jersey (, ) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the northeast by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey lies largely within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is the most densely populated state in the United States.
http://wn.com/New_Jersey -
Nicaragua
Nicaragua ( ) officially the Republic of Nicaragua (, ), is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of the country, the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country's Caribbean coast is part of the Western Caribbean Zone. Falling within the tropics, Nicaragua sits between 11 degrees and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. The capital city of Nicaragua is Managua. Roughly one quarter of the nation's population lives in the Nicaraguan capital, making it the second largest city and metropolitan area in Central America (following Guatemala City).
http://wn.com/Nicaragua -
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
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Norco shootout
The Norco shootout was an armed confrontation between five heavily armed bank robbers and deputies of the Riverside and San Bernardino County sheriff's departments in Norco, California, United States on May 9, 1980. Two of the five perpetrators and one sheriff's deputy were killed, 9 other law enforcement officers were injured, and gunfire damaged at least 30 police cars and one police helicopter.
http://wn.com/Norco_shootout -
Palermo
Palermo (, Sicilian: Palermu, , from , Panormos, , Balharm) is a historic city in Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its rich history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
http://wn.com/Palermo -
Paraguay
http://wn.com/Paraguay -
Philadelphia
Philadelphia () is the largest city in Pennsylvania, sixth-most-populous city in the United States and the fifty-first most populous city in the world.
http://wn.com/Philadelphia -
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland -
Quebec
Quebec or ( ) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
http://wn.com/Quebec -
Republic of China
The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia located off the east coast of mainland China. Subject to an ongoing dispute with the People's Republic of China (PRC) that has left it with limited formal diplomatic relations, the government of the Republic of China currently governs the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor islands. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.
http://wn.com/Republic_of_China -
Riyadh
http://wn.com/Riyadh -
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia -
San Salvador
San Salvador City is the capital and largest city of the nation of El Salvador. It is the third most populous city in Central America after Guatemala City and Managua. Home to one-half of El Salvador's wealth, the city's per capita GDP - PPP is approximately USD11,200, compared to a national average of USD5,260 (2002). The city has a long history, with origins dating back to the Spanish conquest of the Pipil tribes. The name of the capital city is the Spanish name of "Holy Savior".
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Saudi Arabia
http://wn.com/Saudi_Arabia -
Saudia Flight 163
Saudia Flight 163 was a scheduled passenger flight of Saudia that caught fire at Riyadh's International Airport (now the Riyadh Air Base) after a flight from Karachi, Pakistan. The fire, on August 19, 1980, killed all 287 passengers and 14 crew on board the Lockheed L-1011-200 TriStar, registered , which had been due to fly on to the Saudi Arabian city of Jeddah.
http://wn.com/Saudia_Flight_163 -
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone () (Krio: Sa Lone), officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has a population estimated at 6.5 million. It is a former British Colony and now a constitutional republic comprising three provinces and the Western Area; which are further divided into fourteen districts.
http://wn.com/Sierra_Leone -
Sincelejo
http://wn.com/Sincelejo -
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.
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South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, , ) and sometimes referred to simply as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of .
http://wn.com/South_Korea -
Soviet
http://wn.com/Soviet -
Soviet Union
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union -
Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain -
St Kilda, Victoria
St Kilda is an inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6 km south from the Melbourne city centre. Its Local Government Area is the City of Port Phillip. As of 2006 Census the population has 16,122 people.
http://wn.com/St_Kilda_Victoria -
Strage di Bologna
http://wn.com/Strage_di_Bologna -
Suriname
http://wn.com/Suriname -
Swaziland
The Kingdom of Swaziland (Umbuso weSwatini), sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique. The nation, as well as its people, are named after the 19th century king Mswati II.
http://wn.com/Swaziland -
Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
http://wn.com/Switzerland -
Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Tampa, Florida
Tampa () is a Gulf Coast Bay city in the U.S. state of Florida. It serves as the county seat for Hillsborough County. Tampa is located on the west coast of Florida. The population of Tampa in 2000 was 303,447. According to the 2009 estimates, the city's population had grown to 343,890, making it the 54th largest city in the United States.
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Tehran
http://wn.com/Tehran -
Tenerife
http://wn.com/Tenerife -
The Hague
http://wn.com/The_Hague -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
USSR
http://wn.com/USSR -
Vanuatu
Vanuatu ( or ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, west of Fiji, and southeast of the Solomon Islands, near New Guinea.
http://wn.com/Vanuatu -
Warsaw
Warsaw ( ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population as of June 2009 was estimated at 1,711,466, and the Warsaw metropolitan area at approximately 2,785,000. The city area is , with an agglomeration of (Warsaw Metro Area Obszar Metropolitalny Warszawy). Warsaw is the 9th largest city in the European Union by population.
http://wn.com/Warsaw -
Wisconsin
Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States and is considered part of the Midwest. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Upper Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. As of 2009 the state has an estimated 5.6 million residents. The state contains 72 counties.
http://wn.com/Wisconsin -
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe ( ; officially the Republic of Zimbabwe and formerly Southern Rhodesia, the Republic of Rhodesia, and Zimbabwe Rhodesia) is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three official languages: English, Shona (a Bantu language), and Ndebele (also a Bantu language).
http://wn.com/Zimbabwe
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1980 in aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1980:
http://wn.com/1980_in_aviation -
Abolhassan Banisadr
http://wn.com/Abolhassan_Banisadr -
Adam Goodes
Adam Goodes (born 8 January 1980 in Wallaroo, South Australia) is a professional Australian rules football player with the Sydney Swans.
http://wn.com/Adam_Goodes -
Adam Petty
Adam Kyler Petty (July 10, 1980 – May 12, 2000) was a professional racing driver. He was the first fourth-generation driver in NASCAR history.
http://wn.com/Adam_Petty -
Adam Scott (golfer)
Adam Derek Scott (born 16 July 1980) is an Australian professional golfer. On 7 January 2007, he reached a career high Official World Golf Ranking of third with a second place finish at the Mercedes-Benz Championship.
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Adele Silva
Adele Silva (born 19 November 1980) is an English actress and television personality. Silva was born in Norbury, Greater London, was educated at the Sylvia Young Theatre School, and has been on stage and television since she was a girl.
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Adolf Hitler
http://wn.com/Adolf_Hitler -
Adolph Deutsch
Adolph Deutsch (20 October 1897 - 1 January 1980) was a composer, conductor and arranger. He won Oscars for his background music for Oklahoma! (1955), and for conducting the music for Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) and Annie Get Your Gun (1950). The London, England-born Deutsch was also nominated for The Band Wagon (1953) and the 1951 film version of Show Boat , for which he conducted the orchestra. For Broadway and Hollywood, he conducted, composed and arranged music, but did not write songs, not even for the Broadway shows on which he worked. In addition to his music for westerns and his conducting of the scores for musicals, Deutsch also composed for films noir, including The Mask of Dimitrios (1944), The Maltese Falcon (1941), and Nobody Lives Forever (1946), and the Billy Wilder comedies The Apartment (1960), and Some Like It Hot (1959).
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Agnes Pihlava
Agnieszka "Agnes" Pihlava (born ; born in March 19, 1980 in Leszno, Poland and currently living in Hartola, Finland) is a singer who rose to popularity after placing fourth in Idols Finland 2, the Finnish version of Pop Idol.
http://wn.com/Agnes_Pihlava -
Alaina Huffman
Alaina Huffman (born April 17, 1980) is a Canadian film and television actress, also known professionally as Alaina Kalanj (her birth name).
http://wn.com/Alaina_Huffman -
Albert Kotin
Albert Kotin (August 7, 1907–1980) belonged to the early generation of New York School Abstract Expressionist artists whose artistic innovation by the 1950s had been recognized across the Atlantic, including Paris. The New York School Abstract Expressionism, represented by Jackson Pollock, Willem De Kooning, Franz Kline and others became a leading art movement of the post-World War II era.
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Albert Pujols
http://wn.com/Albert_Pujols -
Alejo Carpentier
http://wn.com/Alejo_Carpentier -
Alexei Yagudin
Alexei Konstantinovich Yagudin (; 18 March, 1980) is a former Russian figure skater. His major achievements in his six years of eligible sports career include:
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Alfred Hitchcock
Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was an English filmmaker and producer. He pioneered many techniques in the suspense and psychological thriller genres. After a successful career in his native United Kingdom in both silent films and early talkies, Hitchcock moved to Hollywood. In 1956 he became an American citizen while remaining a British subject.
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Allen Hoskins
http://wn.com/Allen_Hoskins -
Almudena Cid
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Ameriie
Amerie Mi Marie Rogers (born January 12, 1980 in Fitchburg, Massachusetts), known professionally as Ameriie, is a two time Grammy-nominated American singer, songwriter, producer and actress. She debuted in 2002 with the album All I Have, primarily co-written and produced by Rich Harrison, releasing her debut hit single "Why Don't We Fall In Love" and "Talkin' to Me". In 2005, Amerie released her sophomore effort featuring the hit "1 Thing", the lead single from her second album, Touch, which introduced elements of D.C.'s go-go, and became her biggest hit to date. The last single released from Touch was the self-titled "Touch", which became an international hit in other countries. Her junior effort Because I Love It would become an international only release in 2007. Amerie released her fourth studio album titled In Love & War on November 3, 2009. The singles released were "Why R U", "Heard 'Em All" featuring Lil Wayne, "Pretty Brown" featuring Trey Songz, and "More than Love" featuring Fabolous. She has sold over 4 million albums worldwide.
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Amy Key Clarke
http://wn.com/Amy_Key_Clarke -
Andrei Sakharov
http://wn.com/Andrei_Sakharov -
Angelo Bruno
Angelo "The Gentle Don" Bruno ( Born Angelo Annaloro May 21, 1910 - March 21, 1980) was an Italian-American mobster who ran the Philadelphia crime family for two decades. Bruno gained his nickname and reputation due to his preference for conciliation over violence.
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Anna Chlumsky
Anna Chlumsky (born December 3, 1980; Chicago, Illinois) is an American actress. She is best-known for playing Vada Sultenfuss in the 1991 movie My Girl and the 1994 sequel My Girl 2. Her cousin, Vik Foxx, is the drummer for The Veronicas. Her father Frank Chlumsky is a culinary instructor for the culinary program at Kendall College in Chicago. Her surname is Czech origin and meaning hurst. Hurst was hill. Pronounced kh-LOOM-skee.
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Anna Jantar
Anna Jantar-Kukulska (10 June 1950 – 14 March 1980) was a popular Polish singer and mother of Natalia Kukulska.
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Anne Frank
http://wn.com/Anne_Frank -
Arthur McDuffie
Arthur McDuffie (c. 1946 - 1979), an African American, whose death at the hands of five white Miami-Dade police officers, and the officers' subsequent acquittals, caused one of the worst race riots in United States history.
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Arvydas Macijauskas
Arvydas Macijauskas (born January 19, 1980) is a retired Lithuanian professional basketball player. He announced termination of his career after his last club, Olympiacos, released him following a prolonged judicial litigation.
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Ashley Cole
Ashley Cole (born 20 December 1980) is an English professional footballer who plays for Chelsea and the England national team. He plays as a left-back and has been named one of the best in the world.
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Ashley Lelie
Ashley Jovon Lelie [] (born February 16, 1980 in ) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free-agent. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos 19th overall in the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at Hawaii.
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Austin Nichols
Austin Nichols (born April 24, 1980) is an American television and movie actor who is best known for his role as Julian Baker in the CW drama series One Tree Hill. He is also known for his featured roles in the movies The Day After Tomorrow and Wimbledon. He starred in the HBO series John from Cincinnati.
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Autumn Reeser
Autumn Alicia Reeser (born September 21, 1980) is an American actress. She has portrayed Taylor Townsend on the Fox series The O.C., and currently appears as Lizzie Grant on HBO's Entourage.
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Babe London
http://wn.com/Babe_London -
Barbara Britton
http://wn.com/Barbara_Britton -
Barbara O'Neil
'''Barbara O'Neil''' (July 17, 1910 – September 3, 1980) was an American actress.
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Barbara Pym
Barbara Mary Crampton Pym (2 June 1913 – 11 January 1980) was an English novelist.
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Baruj Benacerraf
Baruj Benacerraf (born 29 October 1920) is a Venezuelan immunologist, who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the "discovery of the major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface molecules important for the immune system's distinction between self and non-self". His colleagues and shared recipients were Jean Dausset and George Davis Snell. His brother is well-known philosopher Paul Benacerraf.
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Ben Freeman
Ben Freeman (born 8 April 1980) is an English television actor, best known for his part in ITV's Emmerdale as Scott Windsor.
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Ben Selvin
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Ben Whishaw
Benjamin John "Ben" Whishaw (born 14 October 1980) is an English actor who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Whishaw is perhaps best known for his breakthrough role as Hamlet, and his role as the lead character in Tom Tykwer's film .
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Bengali people
http://wn.com/Bengali_people -
Benny Yau
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Bernard Berrian
Bernard Berrian (born December 27, 1980) is an American football wide receiver for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League. He was originally drafted by the Chicago Bears in the third round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He played college football at Fresno State.
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Bert Kaempfert
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Bijou Phillips
Bijou Lilly Phillips (born April 1, 1980) is an American actress, model, and singer. Phillips began her career as a model but soon transitioned herself into acting and singing. She made her musical debut with her album ''I'd Rather Eat Glass in 1999. She has appeared in films such as Black and White (1999), Almost Famous (2000), Bully (2001), Octane (2003), The Door in the Floor (2004), Venom (2005), (2007), and Choke'' (2008).
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19, 1946) is the former 42nd President of the United States and served from 1993 to 2001. At 46 he was the third-youngest president. He became president at the end of the Cold War, and was the first baby boomer president. His wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, is currently the United States Secretary of State. Each received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from Yale Law School.
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Bill Evans
William John Evans, known as Bill Evans (August 16, 1929 – September 15, 1980) was an American jazz pianist. His use of impressionist harmony, inventive interpretation of traditional jazz repertoire, and trademark rhythmically independent, "singing" melodic lines influenced a generation of pianists including: Chick Corea, Herbie Hancock, John Taylor, Steve Kuhn, Don Friedman, Marian McPartland, Denny Zeitlin, Bobo Stenson, Michel Petrucciani and Keith Jarrett, as well as many other musicians world-wide. The music of Bill Evans continues to inspire younger pianists like Marcin Wasilewski, Fred Hersch, Bill Charlap, Lyle Mays, Eliane Elias and arguably Brad Mehldau, early in his career. He is considered by some to be the most influential post World War II jazz pianist.
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Billie Thomas
Billie Thomas (originally William Thomas, Jr.) (March 12, 1931 – October 10, 1980) was an American child actor best remembered for portraying the character of Buckwheat in the Our Gang (Little Rascals) short films from 1934 until the series' end in 1944. He was a native of Los Angeles, California.
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Billy Butlin
Sir William Heygate Edmund Colborne ("Billy") Butlin, (29 September 1899 – 12 June 1980), was the founder of Butlins Holiday Camps.
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Björn Wirdheim
http://wn.com/Björn_Wirdheim -
Bobby Nystrom
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Bobby Van (actor)
Bobby Van (December 6, 1928 – July 31, 1980) was a musical actor probably best known for his career on Broadway in the 1950s and 1970s.
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Bon Scott
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Boris Aronson
Boris Aronson (October 15, 1898 – November 16, 1980) was an American scenic designer for Broadway and Yiddish theatre. He won the Tony Award for Scenic Design six times in his career.
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Boris Delaunay
http://wn.com/Boris_Delaunay -
Boris Kaufman
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Bosco Wong
Bosco Wong Chung-Chak (, born 13 December 1980) is a Hong Kong actor under TVB management and singer under East Asia Music.
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Brad Fast
http://wn.com/Brad_Fast -
Brad Gushue
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Brenda Villa
Brenda Villa (born April 18, 1980 in Los Angeles, California) is an American world-class water polo player for the US National and Olympic teams.
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Bülent Ulusu
http://wn.com/Bülent_Ulusu -
C. P. Snow
http://wn.com/C_P_Snow -
Calvin Chen
Calvin Chen Yi Ru () is a Taiwanese singer and actor. He is currently a member of the boy band Fahrenheit. His stage name is a homophone of his birth name.
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Carmel Myers
http://wn.com/Carmel_Myers -
Caron Butler
James Caron Butler, widely known as Caron Butler (born March 13, 1980), is an American professional basketball player, currently playing at small forward for the NBA's Dallas Mavericks.
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Casey Wilson
http://wn.com/Casey_Wilson -
Cecil Beaton
Sir Cecil Walter Hardy Beaton, CBE (14 January 1904 – 18 January 1980) was an English fashion and portrait photographer, diarist, style icon, interior designer and an Academy Award-winning stage and costume designer for films and the theatre.
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Cecilia Cheung
http://wn.com/Cecilia_Cheung -
Charlie David
Charlie David (born August 9, 1980) is a Canadian actor, who stars in the LGBT horror series ''Dante's Cove. He has also worked as a producer, writer, and TV host. He was honored by Out Magazine'' as one of the "Out 100" for Remarkable Contributions to Gay Culture in 2005. He is co-owner of Border2Border Entertainment.
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Charlie Hunnam
Charles Matthew "Charlie" Hunnam (born 10 April 1980) is an English actor. He is perhaps known to UK audiences as Pete Dunham in Green Street and as Nathan Maloney in the Channel 4 hit drama Queer as Folk and to US audiences as Jackson "Jax" Teller in the FX network series, Sons of Anarchy.
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Chelsea Clinton
Chelsea Victoria Clinton (born February 27, 1980) is the only child of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton.
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Chris Barker
Christopher Andrew "Chris" Barker (born 2 March 1980) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Southend United. He has also represented Barnsley, Cardiff City, Stoke City, Colchester United, Queens Park Rangers and Plymouth Argyle since beginning his career in 1997. His brother, Richard Barker, also played professional football as a striker.
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Chris Carmack
James Christopher "Chris" Carmack (born December 22, 1980) is an American actor and former fashion model.
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Chris Pine
Christopher Whitelaw "Chris" Pine (born August 26, 1980) is an American actor. He has appeared in the romantic comedies (2004) and Just My Luck (2006), as well as the action film ''Smokin' Aces (2007) as well as portraying James T. Kirk in the 2009 film Star Trek''.
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Christian Olsson
Christian Olsson (born January 25, 1980 in Gothenburg) is Swedish athlete competing in high jump and triple jump. He has won an Olympic gold medal, three gold and one silver medal in the World Championships and two gold medals in the European Championships. He also won the overall IAAF Golden League-jackpot in 2004 where he cashed in 500,000 US dollars (after splitting the million dollar pot with Tonique Williams-Darling).
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Christina Aguilera
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Christina Ricci
Christina Ricci (born February 12, 1980) is an American actress. Ricci received initial recognition and praise as a child star for her performance as Wednesday Addams in The Addams Family (1991) and Addams Family Values (1993), and her role as Kat in Casper (1995). Ricci made a transition into more adult-oriented roles with The Ice Storm (1997), followed by an acclaimed performance in The Opposite of Sex (1998), for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. She continued her success with well-received performances in Sleepy Hollow (1999) and Monster (2003).
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Christoph Metzelder
Christoph Tobias Metzelder (born 5 November 1980 in Haltern, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German footballer who plays for FC Schalke 04, as a central defender.
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Christy Hemme
Christina Lee "Christy" Hemme (born October 28, 1980) is an American actress, singer, model, professional wrestling valet and former professional wrestler. Hemme is currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, as a backstage interviewer.
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Christy Knowings
Christy Knowings (born February 25, 1980) is an American actress who served three seasons on the Nickelodeon sketch-comedy series, All That. She hailed from The Bronx, New York.
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Cicely Courtneidge
Dame Cicely Courtneidge DBE (1 April 1893 – 26 April 1980) was an English actress and comedienne.
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Clark McConachy
Clark McConachy, MBE (15 April 1895 – 12 April 1980) was a New Zealand professional player of English billiards and snooker.
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Clement Martyn Doke
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Conn Smythe
http://wn.com/Conn_Smythe -
Conor Oberst
Conor Mullen Oberst (born February 15, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter best known for his work in Bright Eyes. He has also played in several other bands, including Desaparecidos, Norman Bailer (The Faint), Commander Venus, Park Ave., Conor Oberst and the Mystic Valley Band, and his latest project, Monsters of Folk.
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Cory Gibbs
Cory Gibbs (born January 14, 1980 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) is an American soccer player who currently plays for New England Revolution in Major League Soccer.
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Czesław Miłosz
http://wn.com/Czesław_Miłosz -
César Izturis
http://wn.com/César_Izturis -
Daisuke Matsuzaka
is a starting pitcher for the Boston Red Sox.
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Damien Fahey
Damien Richard Fahey (born June 1, 1980) is an MTV VJ, television host, and drummer.
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Damion Stewart
Damion Stewart (born 18 August 1980) is a Jamaican professional football defender who plays for Bristol City.
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Daniil Khrabrovitsky
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Danny O'Donoghue
'''Danny O'Donoghue (born Daniel John Mark Luke O'Donoghue''' on October 3, 1980 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish singer-songwriter from the band The Script. The Script's first single We Cry was written about James's Street in Dublin and the different types of people you would meet there. Danny was an original member of a late '90s Band called Mytown after being signed for $15 million dollars to Universal Records in 1999. He has also worked as a record producer in the United States with fellow bandmate Mark Sheehan.
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Dany Sabourin
Daniel Sabourin (born September 2, 1980) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender currently under contract for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL).
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Darby Crash
http://wn.com/Darby_Crash -
David A. Johnston
http://wn.com/David_A_Johnston -
David Desrosiers
http://wn.com/David_Desrosiers -
David Janssen
http://wn.com/David_Janssen -
David Legwand
David Legwand (born August 17, 1980) is an American professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL). He attended Grosse Pointe North High School.
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Dean Heffernan
Dean James Heffernan (born May 19, 1980 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia) is an Australian professional association football player who currently plays as a Left Back for A-League club Melbourne Heart.
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Debra Lafave
Debra Jean Beasley, better known under her former married name of Debra Lafave, (born August 28, 1980) is an American former teacher at Angelo L. Greco Middle School in Temple Terrace, Florida, who pleaded guilty in 2005 to statutory rape charges stemming from her having sex with a 14-year-old student in the summer of 2004, when Lafave was 23 years old.
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Denny Hamlin
James Dennis Alan "Denny" Hamlin (born November 18, 1980 in Midlothian, Virginia )
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Deryck Whibley
Deryck Jason Whibley (born March 21, 1980) is a Canadian musician and producer, best known for his work as the guitarist, lead vocalist, songwriter and producer of the Juno Award-winning rock band Sum 41.
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Desi Bouterse
http://wn.com/Desi_Bouterse -
Dick Haymes
Dick Haymes (September 13, 1918 – March 28, 1980) was an Argentine actor and one of the most popular male vocalists of the 1940s and early 1950s. He was the older brother of Bob Haymes, who was an actor, television host, and songwriter.
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Dimitris Diamantidis
Dimitris Diamantidis (alternate spelling: Dimitrios Diamantidis) () (born May 6, 1980 in Kastoria, Greece) is a Greek professional basketball player. Standing at 1.98 m (6'6"), Diamantidis mainly plays the point guard position but also has the size, strenght and shooting ability to play the shooting guard and small forward positions. At the age of fourteen he started his youth career with his home team in Kastoria and stayed there for five years before being transferred to Iraklis in 1999. Since the summer of 2004 he plays for the Greek League and Euroleague team Panathinaikos Athens.
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Dingdong Dantes
Jose Sixto Raphael Gonzalez Dantes III, popularly known as Dingdong Dantes, is a director/actor and model, born on August 2, 1980 in [Quezon City]], Philippines.
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Dirch Passer
Dirch Hartvig Passer (18 May 1926 - 3 September 1980) was a celebrated Danish actor. He was greatly renowned for his improvisational skills and, with a filmography comprising 110 movies, one of Denmark's most prolific actors.
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Dirk Kuyt
Dirk Kuijt, commonly known as Dirk Kuyt (; born 22 July 1980) is a Dutch professional footballer who currently plays for English club Liverpool. He started his career as a striker, but he has been converted into a successful winger and plays the position for both Liverpool and the Netherlands national team.
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Dixie Dean
William Ralph Dean (22 January 1907 – 1 March 1980), better known as Dixie Dean, was an English football player. Dean originally started his career with Birkenhead based Tranmere Rovers before moving on to professional team Everton, the club he had supported as a child, where he became one of the most prolific goal-scorers in English football history. Dean played the majority of his career at Everton before injuries caught up with him and he moved on to new challenges at Notts County and Ireland's Sligo Rovers. He is best known for his exploits in 1927-28 season which saw Dean score 100 goals in a season, 60 of which were in the league - a record which stands to this day.
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Dolph Ziggler
http://wn.com/Dolph_Ziggler -
Dominic Moore
Dominic Michael Moore (born August 3, 1980) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who currently plays for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League. Moore attended St. Anthony's Catholic Elementary School in Thornhill, Ontario; St. Michael's College School in Toronto, Ontario, as well as Harvard University; as did his older brothers Steve and Mark.
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Don "Red" Barry
:For the serial, see Red Barry. For the comic strip, see Red Barry.
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Donald Ogden Stewart
Donald Ogden Stewart (November 30, 1894 - August 2, 1980) was an American author and screenwriter.
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Dore Schary
Isadore "Dore" Schary (August 31, 1905, Newark, New Jersey - July 7, 1980, New York City) was an American motion picture director, writer, and producer, and playwright. He graduated from Central High School in Newark, New Jersey (class of 1923).
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Dorothy Day
Dorothy Day (November 8, 1897 – November 29, 1980) was an American journalist, social activist, and devout Catholic convert; she advocated the Catholic economic theory of Distributism. She was also considered to be an Christian anarchist, and did not hesitate to use the term. In the 1930s, Day worked closely with fellow activist Peter Maurin to establish the Catholic Worker movement, a nonviolent, pacifist movement that continues to combine direct aid for the poor and homeless with nonviolent direct action on their behalf.
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Dorothy Stratten
For CAPT Dorothy C. Stratton, Director of USCG SPARs during WWII, refer to the article Dorothy C. Stratton.
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Duncan Renaldo
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Dustin Kensrue
Dustin Michael Kensrue (pronounced KENZ-roo) (born November 18, 1980) is a vocalist, lyricist, and rhythm guitarist in the Orange County, California post-hardcore/experimental rock quartet Thrice, as well as a solo artist.
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Ekaterina Gamova
http://wn.com/Ekaterina_Gamova -
Elaine Yiu
http://wn.com/Elaine_Yiu -
Elin Nordegren
Elin Maria Pernilla Nordegren (; born January 1, 1980) is a former Swedish model and the ex-wife of professional golfer Tiger Woods.
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Eliza Dushku
Eliza Patricia Dushku (; born December 30, 1980) is an American actress best known for her television roles, including her recurring appearances as Faith on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spinoff series Angel. She also starred in two Fox series, Tru Calling and Dollhouse. Additionally, she has appeared in several films, including True Lies, The New Guy, Bring It On, Wrong Turn and Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back.
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Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is the reigning queen and head of state of 16 independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. In addition, as Head of the Commonwealth, she is the figurehead of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations and, as the British monarch, she is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
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Elliott Nugent
Elliott Nugent (September 20, 1896, Dover, Ohio - August 9, 1980, New York City) was an American actor, writer, and film director. He successfully made the transition from silent film to sound. He directed The Cat and the Canary (1939), starring Bob Hope and Paulette Goddard. He also directed the Hope films Never Say Die (1939) and My Favorite Brunette (1947).
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Elsie MacGill
Elizabeth Muriel Gregory "Elsie" MacGill, OC (27 March 1905 – 4 November 1980), known as the Queen of the Hurricanes, was the world's first female aircraft designer. She worked as an aeronautical engineer during the Second World War and did much to make Canada a powerhouse of airplane construction during her years at Canada Car and Foundry (CC&F;) in Fort William, Ontario. After her work at CC&F; she ran a successful consulting business. Between 1967–1970 she was a commissioner on the Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada, published in 1970.
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Eric Hutchinson
Eric Hutchinson (born September 8, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter. He signed with Madonna's Maverick Records, but the label shut down before his album was released. Hutchinson recorded and released the album Sounds Like This on his own. The album won praise from gossip blogger Perez Hilton, which sent it to the top ten on the iTunes Store, where it peaked at number five in September 2007 and debuted at #1 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart. The album was picked up by Warner Bros. Records, who released it in May 2008.
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Erich Fromm
http://wn.com/Erich_Fromm -
F. Burrall Hoffman
http://wn.com/F_Burrall_Hoffman -
Fernando González
http://wn.com/Fernando_González -
Fitz Hall
Fitz Benjamin Hall (born 20 December 1980, Walthamstow, London) is an English footballer who plays for Queens Park Rangers. He is a central defender who can also play as a central midfielder. His nickname is "One Size" Fitz Hall, a pun on the phrase "one size fits all". He attended Willowfield School.
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Francelino Matuzalem
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Francesca Schiavone
Francesca Schiavone (; born 23 June 1980 in Milan) is an Italian tennis player who turned professional in 1998. She won the 2010 French Open singles title, becoming the first Italian woman to win a Grand Slam event in singles. Her career high ranking is World No. 6 achieved on June 7, 2010. Schiavone is currently ranked World No. 6.
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Franco Evangelisti
Franco Evangelisti (born January 21, 1926 in Rome, died there January 28, 1980), was an Italian composer specifically interested in the scientific theories behind sound.
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Frank Norman
Frank Norman (9 June 1930 - 23 December 1980) was a British novelist, playwright and autobiographer.
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François Duval
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Frederick Sanger
Frederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS (born 13 August 1918) is an English biochemist and twice a Nobel laureate in chemistry. He is the fourth (and only living) person to have been awarded two Nobel Prizes.
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Gabriel Milito
Gabriel Alejandro Milito (born 7 September 1980) is an Argentine footballer who currently plays for FC Barcelona in La Liga, as a central defender, and is the brother of Inter Milan striker Diego Milito.
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Gail Patrick
Gail Patrick (June 20, 1911 – July 6, 1980) was an American film actress.
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Gale Robbins
Gale Robbins (born Betty Gale Robbins, May 7, 1921 - February 18, 1980) was an American actress and singer.
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Gang of Four
The Gang of Four () was the name given to a leftist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials. They came to prominence during the Cultural Revolution (1966-76) and were subsequently charged with a series of treasonous crimes. The members consisted of Jiang Qing, Mao Zedong's last wife and the leading figure of the group, and her close associates Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen.
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Geoffrey Baker
http://wn.com/Geoffrey_Baker -
George D. Snell
http://wn.com/George_D_Snell -
George Pal
http://wn.com/George_Pal -
George Raft
George Raft (September 26, 1901 – November 24, 1980) was an American film actor identified with portrayals of gangsters in crime melodramas of the 1930s and 1940s. Today George Raft is mostly known for his role in Billy Wilder's 1959 comedy Some Like it Hot and also Scarface (1932), Bolero (1934), and They Drive by Night (1940).
http://wn.com/George_Raft -
George Tobias
George Tobias (July 14, 1901 – February 27, 1980) was an American character actor.
http://wn.com/George_Tobias -
Georges Painvin
Georges Jean Painvin (1886-1980) was a French cryptanalyst during the First World War. His most notable achievement was the breaking of the ADFGVX cipher in June 1918.
http://wn.com/Georges_Painvin -
Gervasio Deferr
http://wn.com/Gervasio_Deferr -
Gisele Bündchen
http://wn.com/Gisele_Bündchen -
Gloria Guinness
http://wn.com/Gloria_Guinness -
Gower Champion
http://wn.com/Gower_Champion -
Grant Hackett
Swimmer
http://wn.com/Grant_Hackett -
Gregory Bateson
http://wn.com/Gregory_Bateson -
Gucci Mane
Radric Davis (born February 12, 1980), better known by his stage name Gucci Mane, is an American rapper. He debuted in 2005 with Trap House and followed with albums such as Hard to Kill in 2006, Trap-A-Thon and Back to the Trap House in 2007. In 2009, his second studio album The State vs. Radric Davis was released. Gucci Mane has released many other mixtapes as well.
http://wn.com/Gucci_Mane -
Guillermo Rigondeaux
Guillermo Rigondeaux Ortiz (; born September 30, 1980 in Santiago de Cuba) is a Cuban boxer who won the gold medal at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics in the Bantamweight (54 kg) class. Rigondeaux is a seven-time (2000-06) Cuban national champion at bantamweight. He currently claims an amateur record of nearly 400 fights with twelve losses; with his last losses coming to Rencise Perez and Bekzat Sattarkhanov in 1998, Waldemar Font in 1999, and his most recent loss against Aghasi Mammadov in 2003. After his defection in 2009, he turned professional.
http://wn.com/Guillermo_Rigondeaux -
Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad ( ) (October 6, 1930 – June 10, 2000) was the president of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule stabilized and consolidated the power of the country's central government after decades of coups and counter-coups. He was succeeded by his son and current president Bashar al-Assad in 2000.
http://wn.com/Hafez_al-Assad -
Hanna Rovina
Hanna Rovina () (1889/1892, Berazino, Minsk district (guberniya) - 2 February 1980, Tel-Aviv), written also Hannah, Hana, or Chana Rovina or Robina, Israeli actress, is recognised as the original "First Lady of Hebrew Theatre".
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Hans Asperger
http://wn.com/Hans_Asperger -
Harland Sanders
http://wn.com/Harland_Sanders -
Hellmuth Walter
http://wn.com/Hellmuth_Walter -
Henck Arron
http://wn.com/Henck_Arron -
Henkka Seppälä
http://wn.com/Henkka_Seppälä -
Henry Hill (mobster)
http://wn.com/Henry_Hill_(mobster) -
Henry Miller
Henry Valentine Miller (December 26, 1891 – June 7, 1980) was an American novelist and painter. He was known for breaking with existing literary forms and developing a new sort of 'novel' that is a mixture of novel, autobiography, social criticism, philosophical reflection, surrealist free association, and mysticism, one that is distinctly always about and expressive of the real-life Henry Miller and yet is also fictional. His most characteristic works of this kind are Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn and Black Spring. He also wrote travel memoirs and essays of literary criticism and analysis.
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Herman Tarnower
Herman Tarnower (March 18, 1910 – March 10, 1980) was a cardiologist and the author (with Samm Sinclair Baker) of the bestselling diet book The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet. He was murdered by Jean Harris.
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Hiroshi Tamaki
http://wn.com/Hiroshi_Tamaki -
Hiroyuki Tomita
http://wn.com/Hiroyuki_Tomita -
Hugh Griffith
Hugh Emrys Griffith (30 May 1912 – 14 May 1980) was a Welsh film, stage and television actor.
http://wn.com/Hugh_Griffith -
Ian Curtis
http://wn.com/Ian_Curtis -
Ibrahim Maalouf
Ibrahim Maalouf () is a trumpeter, composer, arranger, and trumpet instructor. He was born on December 5, 1980 in Beirut, Lebanon; he now lives in France.
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Ida Kaminska
Ida Kaminska (September 18, 1899 – May 21, 1980) was a Polish actress.
http://wn.com/Ida_Kaminska -
Ilya Bryzgalov
Ilya Nikolayevich Bryzgalov (; born June 22, 1980) is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Phoenix Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the second round of the 2000 NHL Entry Draft, 44th overall, by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.
http://wn.com/Ilya_Bryzgalov -
Imanol Harinordoquy
Imanol Harinordoquy (born February 20, 1980) is a Basque rugby union player who typically plays as a number 8 for France internationally and Biarritz at club level. Before signing with Biarritz for the 2004-05 season, he played club rugby at Pau.
http://wn.com/Imanol_Harinordoquy -
Indira Gandhi
http://wn.com/Indira_Gandhi -
Isobel Barnett
http://wn.com/Isobel_Barnett -
Jack Hannahan
John Joseph "Jack" Hannahan IV (born March 4, 1980, in St. Paul, Minnesota) is a Major League Baseball infielder currently a free agent organization. He is mainly a third baseman, but has also played other infield positions.
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Jacqueline Cochran
Jacqueline Cochran (May 11, 1906 – August 9, 1980) was a pioneer American aviator, considered to be one of the most gifted racing pilots of her generation. She was an important contributor to the formation of the wartime Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) and Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP).
http://wn.com/Jacqueline_Cochran -
Jake Grove
Charles Jacob Grove (born January 22, 1980 in ) is an American football center, most recently for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He played college football at Virginia Tech.
http://wn.com/Jake_Grove -
Jake Gyllenhaal
Jacob Benjamin "Jake" Gyllenhaal ( "Jillen-hall"; born December 19, 1980) is an American actor. The son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner, Gyllenhaal began acting at age ten. He has appeared in diverse roles since his first lead role in 1999's October Sky, followed by the 2001 indie cult hit Donnie Darko, in which he played a psychologically troubled teen and onscreen brother to his real-life sister, actress Maggie Gyllenhaal. In the 2004 blockbuster The Day After Tomorrow he portrayed a student caught in a cataclysmic global cooling event, alongside Dennis Quaid as his father. He then played against type as a frustrated Marine in Jarhead (2005). The same year, he won critical acclaim as Jack Twist in the film Brokeback Mountain opposite Heath Ledger.
http://wn.com/Jake_Gyllenhaal -
Jakob von Uexkull
Jakob von Uexkull (born 19 August 1944) is a writer, lecturer and former member of the European Parliament who in 2006, together with Herbert Girardet, initiated the World Future Council . In 1980 he founded the Right Livelihood Award which is sometimes called the alternative Nobel Prize . He holds both Swedish and German citizenship. Uexkull is married and has three children. He lives with his family in London.
http://wn.com/Jakob_von_Uexkull -
James Callaghan
http://wn.com/James_Callaghan -
James Toseland
James Michael Toseland (born 5 October 1980 in Doncaster, South Yorkshire is an English motorcycle racer. Toseland was the World Superbike Champion on a Ten Kate Honda, who also won the Superbike World Championship on a Ducati. Toseland is currently competing in the World Superbike Championship for the Sterilgarda Yamaha team, but has been dropped for next year as Marco Melandri and Eugene Laverty join the team. He is one of only two men, the other being Troy Corser, to have won the Superbike World Championship for two different manufacturers.
http://wn.com/James_Toseland -
James Watson Cronin
http://wn.com/James_Watson_Cronin -
Jane Froman
Jane Froman (November 10, 1907 – April 22, 1980) was an American singer and actress. During her thirty-year career, Froman performed on stage, radio and television despite chronic injuries that she sustained from a 1943 plane crash. The 1952 film, With a Song in My Heart, is based on her life.
http://wn.com/Jane_Froman -
Janet Cooke
Janet Leslie Cooke (born July 23, 1954, in Toledo, Ohio) is an American former journalist who became infamous when it was discovered that a Pulitzer Prize winning story that she had written for The Washington Post had been fabricated.
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Jasmin Wagner
http://wn.com/Jasmin_Wagner -
Jason James Richter
Jason James Richter (born January 29, 1980 in Medford, Oregon) is an American actor.
http://wn.com/Jason_James_Richter -
Jason Ritter
Jason Morgan Ritter (born February 17, 1980) is an American actor, son of the late actor John Ritter and actress Nancy Morgan. Ritter is probably best known for his role as Kevin Girardi in the television series Joan of Arcadia and as Sean Walker in the NBC series The Event.
http://wn.com/Jason_Ritter -
Jason Segel
Jason Jordan Segel (born January 18, 1980) is an American television and film actor, screenwriter, musician, known for his work with producer Judd Apatow on the short-lived television series Freaks and Geeks and Undeclared, the movies Forgetting Sarah Marshall, Knocked Up, and I Love You, Man, and also for his role as Marshall Eriksen in the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother.
http://wn.com/Jason_Segel -
Jasper Pääkkönen
http://wn.com/Jasper_Pääkkönen -
Jay Silverheels
Jay Silverheels (May 26, 1912 – March 5, 1980) was a Canadian Mohawk Indian actor. He was well known for his role as Tonto, the faithful American Indian companion of the Lone Ranger in a long-running American television series.
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Jean Dausset
http://wn.com/Jean_Dausset -
Jean Donovan
http://wn.com/Jean_Donovan -
Jean Harris
Jean Harris (born Jean Struven in Cleveland, Ohio on April 27, 1923) was the headmistress of The Madeira School for girls in McLean, Virginia who made national news in 1980 as the defendant in a high-profile murder case of her ex-lover Dr. Herman Tarnower, a well-known cardiologist and author of the best-selling book The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet.
http://wn.com/Jean_Harris -
Jean Piaget
http://wn.com/Jean_Piaget -
Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French existentialist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of the leading figures in 20th century French philosophy, existentialism, and Marxism, and his work continues to influence fields such as Marxist philosophy, sociology, and literary studies. Sartre was also noted for his long relationship with the author and social theorist, Simone de Beauvoir. He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature but refused the honour.
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Jennie Finch
Jennie Lynn Finch (born September 3, 1980 in La Mirada, California), or occasionally using her husband's surname, Daigle, is an American softball player who pitches for the USA national softball team and the Chicago Bandits. Finch helped lead Team USA to win the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Time magazine described her as the most famous softball player in history. On July 20, 2010 Finch officially announced her retirement from softball to focus on her family.
http://wn.com/Jennie_Finch -
Jeph Jacques
Jeph Paul Jacques (born ) writes and illustrates the webcomic Questionable Content. He was born in Rockville, Maryland, graduated from Hampshire College with a degree in music. He lives in Easthampton, Massachusetts with his wife (and business manager) Cristi.
http://wn.com/Jeph_Jacques -
Jerry Fielding
Jerry Fielding (June 17, 1922 – February 17, 1980) was an American radio, record, film and television composer, conductor, and musical director.
http://wn.com/Jerry_Fielding -
Jesse Owens
Athlete
http://wn.com/Jesse_Owens -
Jessica Dragonette
Jessica Dragonette (February 14, 1900-March 18, 1980) was a singer who became popular on American radio and was active in the World War II effort.
http://wn.com/Jessica_Dragonette -
Jessica Simpson
http://wn.com/Jessica_Simpson -
Jim Sorgi
James "Jim" Sorgi (born December 3, 1980 in Fraser, Michigan) is an American football quarterback for the New York Giants of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the sixth round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He played college football at Wisconsin.
http://wn.com/Jim_Sorgi -
Jimmy Carter
James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. (born October 1, 1924) served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office. Before he became President, Carter served two terms as a Georgia State Senator and one as Governor of Georgia, from 1971 to 1975, and was a peanut farmer and naval officer.
http://wn.com/Jimmy_Carter -
Jimmy Durante
James Francis "Jimmy" Durante (February 10, 1893 – January 29, 1980) was an American singer, pianist, comedian and actor. His distinctive clipped gravelly speech, comic language butchery, jazz-influenced songs, and large nose helped make him one of America's most familiar and popular personalities of the 1920s through the 1970s. His jokes about his nose included referring to it as a "Schnozzola", and the word became his nickname.
http://wn.com/Jimmy_Durante -
Joe Dassin
http://wn.com/Joe_Dassin -
Joel A. Sutherland
Joel A. Sutherland (born 1 December 1980 in Oakville, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian author and editor of thriller, horror and fantasy short stories and novels, anthologies and children's books. His notable works include Frozen Blood and Be a Writing Superstar Sutherland's writing has been nominated for the Bram Stoker Award and the Black Quill Award. He lives in Courtice, Ontario.
http://wn.com/Joel_A_Sutherland -
John Barrie
John Barrie was a British actor who appeared in a number of television shows and films, but became best known for his roles on the police series Sergeant Cork and Z Cars in the 1960s. He was born in New Brighton in 1917 and made his screen debut in the 1954 film Yankee Pasha. He retired from acting in the 1970s.
http://wn.com/John_Barrie -
John Culshaw
John Royds Culshaw (28 May 1924 - 27 April 1980) was a pioneering English classical record producer for Decca Records.
http://wn.com/John_Culshaw -
John Laurie
:For the Canadian mountain, see Mount John Laurie.
http://wn.com/John_Laurie -
John Lennon
http://wn.com/John_Lennon -
John Mauchly
John William Mauchly (August 30, 1907 – January 8, 1980) was an American physicist who, along with J. Presper Eckert, designed ENIAC, the first general purpose electronic digital computer, as well as EDVAC, BINAC and UNIVAC I, the first commercial computer made in the United States.
http://wn.com/John_Mauchly -
John McEwen
http://wn.com/John_McEwen -
John Terry
John George Terry (born 7 December 1980) is an English professional footballer. Terry plays in a centre back position and is the captain of Chelsea in the Premier League. Terry was also captain of the England national football team from August 2006 until February 2010.
http://wn.com/John_Terry -
John-Michael Liles
John-Michael Liles (born November 25, 1980) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman for the Colorado Avalanche of the NHL. He is also a minority owner of the Indiana Ice of the USHL.
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Johnny Owen
http://wn.com/Johnny_Owen -
Johnny Rutherford
http://wn.com/Johnny_Rutherford -
Jolin Tsai
Jolin Tsai () is a Golden Melody Award winning Taiwanese Mandopop singer.
http://wn.com/Jolin_Tsai -
Jon Lajoie
Jonathan "Jon" Lajoie (born August 21, 1980) is a Canadian comedian, actor, rapper, singer, musician and Internet celebrity from Montreal, Quebec.
http://wn.com/Jon_Lajoie -
Jordana Brewster
Jordana Brewster (born April 26, 1980) is an American actress, perhaps best known for her roles in The Fast and the Furious, , The Faculty, D.E.B.S., Annapolis, Chuck, and most recently Fast & Furious in 2009.
http://wn.com/Jordana_Brewster -
Joseph Banks Rhine
Joseph Banks Rhine (September 29, 1895 – February 20, 1980) (usually known as J. B. Rhine) was a botanist who later developed an interest in parapsychology and psychology. Rhine founded the parapsychology lab at Duke University, the Journal of Parapsychology, and the Foundation for Research on the Nature of Man. He also initiated the Parapsychological Association. He coined the term ESP.
http://wn.com/Joseph_Banks_Rhine -
Joseph Paul Franklin
Joseph Paul Franklin (born April 13, 1950) is an American serial killer. He has been convicted of several murders, and has confessed to the attempted assassinations of two prominent people: the 1978 shooting of magazine publisher Larry Flynt and Flynt's attorney, and the 1980 shooting of Vernon Jordan. Franklin has not been convicted in either of those cases. Because Franklin has changed his story about some cases, the full extent of his crimes is uncertain.
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Joseph Yobo
http://wn.com/Joseph_Yobo -
Josh Beckett
Joshua Patrick Beckett (born May 15, 1980, in ) is a Major League Baseball right-handed starting pitcher for the Boston Red Sox. During his career in the playoffs, he won the 2003 World Series MVP Award with the Florida Marlins, and received the 2007 ALCS MVP award with the Red Sox.
http://wn.com/Josh_Beckett -
Josh Howard
Joshua Jay Howard (born April 28, 1980) is an American professional basketball player currently playing for the NBA's Washington Wizards. At and , he plays as a small forward.
http://wn.com/Josh_Howard -
Josip Broz Tito
http://wn.com/Josip_Broz_Tito -
José Iturbi
http://wn.com/José_Iturbi -
Joy Adamson
http://wn.com/Joy_Adamson -
Juan Carlos Ferrero
Juan Carlos Ferrero Donat (born 12 February 1980) is a professional tennis player, and a former World No. 1 ranked player, from Spain. He captured the men's singles title at the 2003 French Open, and in September that year, he became the 21st player to hold the world no. 1 ranking. He was also the runner-up at the 2002 French Open and the 2003 U.S. Open. His nickname is "Mosquito" due to his speed and wiry, strong physique.
http://wn.com/Juan_Carlos_Ferrero -
Julien Absalon
Julien Absalon (born August 16, 1980 in Remiremont, Vosges) is a French cross-country mountain biker. He won gold medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics and at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He rides for the Spanish mountain bike team Orbea. Absalon has 17 World Cup wins. Absalon won four consecutive Mountain Bike World Championships (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007).
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Julius Peppers
Julius Frazier Peppers (born January 18, 1980) is an American football defensive end for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Carolina Panthers second overall in the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at North Carolina.
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Jung Da Bin
http://wn.com/Jung_Da_Bin -
Junichi Okada
(born November 18, 1980) is a member of Japanese boy band V6, which is under the management of Johnny & Associates. He joined Johnny & Associates at the age of 14.
http://wn.com/Junichi_Okada -
Jørgen Strickert
http://wn.com/Jørgen_Strickert -
Kareena Kapoor
Kareena Kapoor (; born on September 21, 1980), often informally referred to as Bebo, is an Indian actress who appears in Bollywood films. During her career, Kapoor has received five Filmfare Awards and has been noted for her performances in a range of film genres; these include her work from contemporary romantic dramas to comedies, period films to major Bollywood productions, as well as less publicised independent films.
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Karen Asrian
http://wn.com/Karen_Asrian -
Karl Dönitz
http://wn.com/Karl_Dönitz -
Kasey Kahne
Kasey Kenneth Kahne (; born April 10, 1980 in Enumclaw, Washington) is a full-time NASCAR driver. He participates in the Sprint Cup Series, NASCAR Nationwide Series and the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour. He drives the #9 Budweiser Ford Fusion from Richard Petty Motorsports in the Sprint Cup Series. Kahne also drives the Nationwide Series #38 Great Clips Toyota Camry from Braun Racing.
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Kate Ryan
Kate Ryan (born Katrien Verbeeck on July 22, 1980) is a Belgian World Music Award winner. She began her singing career in 2001 and represented Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with "Je t'adore" coming in 12th place in the semi-final.
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Kay Hammond
Dorothy Katherine Standing (February 18, 1909 - May 4, 1980), better known under the stage name Kay Hammond, was an English stage and film actress.
http://wn.com/Kay_Hammond -
Kay Medford
http://wn.com/Kay_Medford -
Kayte Christensen
Kayte Lauren Christensen (born November 16, 1980 in Lakeview, Oregon) is an American professional basketball player who has competed internationally and for the Phoenix Mercury and Chicago Sky in the WNBA.
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Kazuhito Tadano
is a right-handed pitcher for the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters in Japan's Pacific League. He had previously pitched in Major League Baseball for the Cleveland Indians.
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Kei Yasuda
is a Japanese singer, musician and actress under the Up Front Agency's Hello! Project. She was a member and co-leader of the J-pop group Morning Musume. Yasuda, along with Mari Yaguchi and Sayaka Ichii, were the second generation of singers to be recruited into Morning Musume. Morning Musume had only released one official single, Morning Coffee, prior to their joining.
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Keith Godchaux
Keith Richard Godchaux (July 19, 1948 – July 23, 1980) was a musician best known for his tenure in the rock group the Grateful Dead.
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Kelly van der Veer
Kelly van der Veer (born May 6, 1980) is a Dutch television personality, singer and actress. She is regarded the most prominent transsexual person in the Netherlands and rose to fame after competing in Big Brother - The Battle, a Dutch version of the Big Brother-format.
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Kenneth Tynan
Kenneth Peacock Tynan (2 April 1927 – 26 July 1980) was an influential and often controversial English theatre critic and writer.
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Kerry Katona
Kerry Jayne Elizabeth Katona (previously Croft; born 6 September 1980) is an English singer, actress, author and television presenter. Best known for her television work, predominantly in light entertainment and reality shows, she has also been a pop singer with girl group Atomic Kitten, a magazine columnist, an actress, and the "author" of ghostwritten books that include an autobiography and several novels. She has appeared in television commercials, notably for the Iceland and Asda supermarkets.
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Kian Egan
Kian John Francis Egan (born 29 April 1980, Sligo, Ireland), is an Irish singer. He is currently a member of the Irish boyband, Westlife.
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Kim Kardashian
Kimberly Noel "Kim" Kardashian (born October 21, 1980) is an American celebutante, socialite, television personality, producer, actress, and model. She also is the daughter of late attorney Robert Kardashian. She is widely known for a sex tape with her former boyfriend Ray J and her E! reality series which she shares with her family, Keeping Up with the Kardashians. Since then, Kim has launched multiple fragrances, guest starred on numerous shows and competed on ABC ABC's Dancing with the Stars. She also has had roles in movies such as, Disaster Movie, and Deep in the Valley.
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Kim Poirier
Kim Poirier (born February 6, 1980) is a Canadian actress, singer, film producer, and television host.
http://wn.com/Kim_Poirier -
Kimeru
http://wn.com/Kimeru -
Kristen Bell
http://wn.com/Kristen_Bell -
Kristina Lenko
Kristina Lenko (born October 4, 1980 in Saskatchewan), is a Canadian professional ice dancer. She competed internationally for Canada with Danny Moir before turning professional.
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Laura Prepon
Laura Prepon (born March 7, 1980) is an American actress, best known for her role as Donna Pinciotti in the long-running Fox situation comedy ''That '70s Show, for all eight seasons. She is also known for the role of Hannah Daniels on the ABC drama October Road''.
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Lawrence Klein
Lawrence Robert Klein (born September 14, 1920) is an American economist. For his work in creating computer models to forecast economic trends in the field of econometrics at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1980. Specifically "for the creation of economic models and their application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies." Due to his efforts, such models have become widespread among economists.
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Lech Wałęsa
http://wn.com/Lech_Wałęsa -
Ledley King
Ledley Brenton King (born 12 October 1980) is an English footballer who plays as a central defender for Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League and the England national team. He is the longest serving player at the club and captained Spurs for four years. He is currently contracted to Tottenham until 2012. Known for his pace, strength, heading, composure on the ball with both feet and ability in timing his tackles, he has been described as "the best central defender I have seen in my career" by Martin Jol In March 2009 an article in The Times named King as Tottenham's 25th best player of all time.
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Lee Hyun-il
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Lee_Hyun-il -
Lene Marlin
http://wn.com/Lene_Marlin -
Lewis Milestone
http://wn.com/Lewis_Milestone -
Lil Dagover
http://wn.com/Lil_Dagover -
Lillian Randolph
Lillian Randolph (December 14, 1898 - September 12, 1980) was an American actress and singer, a veteran of radio, film, and television.
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Lindsey Yamasaki
Lindsey Brooke Yamasaki (born June 2, 1980 in Oregon City, Oregon) is an American former professional women's basketball player.
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Lisa Middelhauve
http://wn.com/Lisa_Middelhauve -
Louise Lovely
Louise Lovely (born Nellie Louise Alberti, 28 February 1895 – 18 March 1980) was the first Australian motion picture actress to find success in America. As such, she can be considered a forerunner to successful contemporary Australian actresses such as Nicole Kidman, Toni Collette, Naomi Watts, and Cate Blanchett.
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Lovieanne Jung
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Lovieanne_Jung -
Luis Muñoz Marín
http://wn.com/Luis_Muñoz_Marín -
Luke Ravenstahl
Luke Robert Ravenstahl (born February 6, 1980) is the current Mayor of Pittsburgh. In September 2006, he became the youngest mayor in Pittsburgh's history at the age of 26. He is among the youngest mayors of a major city in American history.
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Macaulay Culkin
Macaulay Carson Culkin (born August 26, 1980) is an American actor. He became widely known for his potrayal of Kevin McCallister in Home Alone and . At the height of his fame, he was regarded as the most successful child actor since Shirley Temple. He was also considered one of the late entertainer Michael Jackson's best friends.
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Maggie Lawson
Margaret "Maggie" Lawson (born August 12, 1980) is an American actress who has starred in the sitcoms Inside Schwartz, ''It's All Relative, and Crumbs, as well as the television movie Nancy Drew''. She is best known for her role as Juliet O'Hara in the TV show Psych.
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Maia Hirasawa
Maia Hirasawa (born May 5, 1980) is a Swedish-Japanese singer-songwriter.
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Maksim Chmerkovskiy
Maksim Aleksandrovich Chmerkovskiy (, Maksim Oleksandrovich Chmerkovskiy; ; born January 17, 1980) is a Ukrainian Latin Ballroom dance champion, choreographer, and instructor. He is best known as one of the professional dancers on the American television series Dancing With The Stars, on which he first appeared in season two.
http://wn.com/Maksim_Chmerkovskiy -
Malcolm Fraser
John Malcolm Fraser AC, CH, GCL (; born 21 May 1930) is a former Australian Liberal Party politician who was the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia. He came to power in the 1975 election following the dismissal of the Whitlam Labor government, in which he played a key role. After three election victories, he was defeated by Bob Hawke in the 1983 election and ended his career alienated from his own party.
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Mantovani
Annunzio Paolo Mantovani (November 15, 1905 – March 29, 1980), known by the mononym Mantovani, was an Anglo-Italian conductor and light orchestra-style entertainer with a cascading strings musical signature. He is more associated with the light orchestra genre than any other entertainer.
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Manus Boonjumnong
Manus Boonjumnong (, born June 23, 1980) is a Thai boxer who won the Olympics at Light Welterweight (60-64 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics . He is the brother of Non Boonjumnong.
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Marat Safin
http://wn.com/Marat_Safin -
Marathon of hope
http://wn.com/Marathon_of_hope -
Marc Connelly
Marcus Cook Connelly (13 December 1890 - 21 December 1980) was an American playwright, director, producer, performer, and lyricist. He was a key member of the Algonquin Round Table, and received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1930.
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Marcel Vigneron
Marcel Vigneron (born May 3, 1980) is an American chef best known as the runner-up of the second season of Top Chef, placing behind Ilan Hall.
http://wn.com/Marcel_Vigneron -
Margaret Thatcher
http://wn.com/Margaret_Thatcher -
Marie Under
http://wn.com/Marie_Under -
Marin Preda
Marin Preda (; 5 August 1922 – 16 May 1980) was a Romanian novelist, one of the best post-WWII Romanian writers.
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Marit Bjørgen
http://wn.com/Marit_Bjørgen -
Mark Feehily
Markus Michael Patrick Feehily (born 28 May 1980 in Sligo, Ireland), better known as Mark Feehily, is one of the lead singers of the popular Irish vocal pop group, Westlife.
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Mark Nichols
Mark Nichols, ONL (born on January 1, 1980 in Labrador City, Newfoundland and Labrador) is a Canadian curler from St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.
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Mark Prior
Mark William Prior (born September 7, 1980 in San Diego, California) is a pitcher in the Texas Rangers organization. He played for the Chicago Cubs from 2002-2006. His career has been notably muddled with injuries after a promising start which had the sports media calling him a future superstar. His repertoire of pitches includes a low to mid 90s fastball, a curveball, a slurve, and a changeup.
http://wn.com/Mark_Prior -
Mark Webber (actor)
Mark Allen Webber (born July 19, 1980) is an American actor, known for his roles in the films Snow Day and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World. He received a Best Actor nomination for his performance in Just Like the Son at the 2007 Method Fest Independent Film Festival and was the recipient of the Rising Star Award at the 2007 Philadelphia Film Festival.
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Marlon King
Marlon Francis King (born 26 April 1980) is a professional football player who plays as a striker for Football League Championship side Coventry City. After starting his career in non-League football with Dulwich Hamlet, he played for Barnet, Gillingham, Leeds United and Nottingham Forest before moving to Watford in 2005. At Watford he was the Football League Championship top scorer, and was voted Watford player of the season as the club earned promotion to the Premier League. King joined Wigan Athletic in 2008, and subsequently spent loan spells at Hull City and Middlesbrough.
http://wn.com/Marlon_King -
Marshall McLuhan
http://wn.com/Marshall_McLuhan -
Marshall Reed
: For the American Bishop of the Methodist Church, see Marshall Russell Reed.
http://wn.com/Marshall_Reed -
Martin Truex Jr
http://wn.com/Martin_Truex_Jr -
Martina Hingis
http://wn.com/Martina_Hingis -
Mathew Baynton
Mathew Baynton is an English actor and writer. He stars the children's television series Horrible Histories. He is probably best known in Horrible Histories as Menalaus and Robert Knox. He has also had small parts in other programmes, for example ITV's Doc Martin.
http://wn.com/Mathew_Baynton -
Matthew Lawrence
Matthew William Lawrence (born February 11, 1980) is an American actor known for his leading role in the movie Cheats with Trevor Fehrman and his role of Jack Hunter on the ABC sitcom Boy Meets World from 1997 to 2000, and his roles in movies such as The Hot Chick, The Comebacks, and Mrs. Doubtfire.
http://wn.com/Matthew_Lawrence -
Maud Hart Lovelace
Maud Hart Lovelace (April 25, 1892 - March 11, 1980) was an American author best known for the Betsy-Tacy series.
http://wn.com/Maud_Hart_Lovelace -
Me'Lisa Barber
'''Me'Lisa Barber''' (born October 4, 1980 in Livingston, New Jersey) is an American track and field sprint athlete.
http://wn.com/Me'Lisa_Barber -
Michael Stasko
Michael John Stasko (born May 29, 1980) is an Canadian actor, film producer, film writer, film composer, film director and film editor. Graduating from The University of Windsor in Communication Studies with a concentration in Film he then went on to do a Post-Grad from Sheridan College in Advance Television and Film. Michael also plays in a band, Bloemfontein. His film credits can be seen at [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1618296/ ] which include Things To Do (2006) and the Iodine movie (2009).
http://wn.com/Michael_Stasko -
Michael Vick
Michael Dwayne Vick (born June 26, 1980) is an American football quarterback for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League. He played for the Atlanta Falcons for six seasons before serving time in prison for his involvement in an illegal dog fighting ring.
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Michelle Kwan
MedalCountry|the
http://wn.com/Michelle_Kwan -
Michelle McCool
Michelle Leigh McCool (born January 25, 1980) is an American professional wrestler currently working for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on the SmackDown brand, where she is currently the WWE Unified Divas champion
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Michelle Wild
http://wn.com/Michelle_Wild -
Michelle Ye
Michelle Ye Xuan is a Hong Kong actress. In 1999, she won the Miss Chinese International competition. Ye then signed a contract with TVB from 1999-2005. After she left TVB, She signed with Rich & Famous Talent Management Group Limited to pursue a movie career.
http://wn.com/Michelle_Ye -
Milburn Stone
http://wn.com/Milburn_Stone -
Miliza Korjus
Miliza Elizabeth Korjus (18 August 1909 - 26 August 1980) was a coloratura soprano opera singer, who later appeared in Hollywood films.
http://wn.com/Miliza_Korjus -
Milton H. Erickson
http://wn.com/Milton_H_Erickson -
Minka Kelly
Minka Dumont Kelly (born June 24, 1980) is an American actress. She starred in the NBC series Friday Night Lights as Lyla Garrity from 2006 to 2009.
http://wn.com/Minka_Kelly -
Minori Chihara
http://wn.com/Minori_Chihara -
Mohammad Hatta
(12 August 1902 - 14 March 1980) was born in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). He was Indonesia's first vice president, later also serving as the country's Prime Minister. Known as "The Proclamator", he and a number of Indonesians, including the first president of Indonesia, Sukarno, fought for the independence of Indonesia from the Dutch. Despite his efforts to gain Indonesian independence, he studied in the Netherlands from 1921 until 1932. Moreover, since his early education, he studied in Dutch schools in Indonesia.
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Mohammed Rafi
http://wn.com/Mohammed_Rafi -
Monica (singer)
http://wn.com/Monica_(singer) -
Monika Pyrek
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Monika_Pyrek -
Monique Coleman
Adrienne Monique Coleman (born November 13, 1980) is an American actress, singer and dancer known for being one of the co-stars in the High School Musical movies, in which she plays Taylor McKessie. Coleman also had a recurring role on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, as a school girl named Mary-Margaret. She also competed in the third edition of ABC's Dancing with the Stars, finishing in fourth place. She will have her own talk-show, named "Gimme Mo'" and talking about teenage issues.
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Muriel Rukeyser
Muriel Rukeyser (15 December 1913 – 12 February 1980) was an American poet and political activist, best known for her poems about equality, feminism, social justice, and Judaism. Kenneth Rexroth said that she was the greatest poet of her "exact generation".
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Nadzeya Astapchuk
Nadzeya Astapchuk (; , Nadezhda Ostapchuk; born October 12, 1980) is a Belarusian shot putter. She rose to top international level in the early 2000's, winning several medals, and finishing fourth at her first Summer Olympics in 2004. She became world champion in 2005.
http://wn.com/Nadzeya_Astapchuk -
Nana Mizuki
http://wn.com/Nana_Mizuki -
Natalie Casey
Natalie Casey (born 15 April 1980, Rossendale, Lancashire) is an English actress, television presenter and singer. She is best known for her long running roles in the TV series Hollyoaks and Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps. She has also appeared on stage and worked as a television presenter for MTV, Channel 4 and the BBC.
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Nicholas Longworth
:See also Nicholas Longworth (1783 - 1863).
http://wn.com/Nicholas_Longworth -
Nick Cannon
Nicholas Scott "Nick" Cannon (born October 8, 1980) is an American actor, comedian, rapper, and television personality. On television, Cannon began as a teenage sketch comedian on All That before going on to host The Nick Cannon Show, ''Wild 'N Out, and America's Got Talent. He acted in the films Drumline, Love Don't Cost a Thing, and Roll Bounce. As a rapper, he released a self-titled debut album in 2003 with the hit single "Gigolo", a collaboration with singer R. Kelly. In 2006, Cannon recorded singles "Dime Piece" and "My Wife" for a planned album Stages'', which was never released. Cannon married singer Mariah Carey in 2008. They renewed their vows in 2010.
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Nick Carter (singer)
http://wn.com/Nick_Carter_(singer) -
Nick Swisher
Nicholas Thompson "Nick" Swisher (born November 25, 1980, in Columbus, Ohio) is an outfielder for the New York Yankees. Swisher is a switch hitter who throws left-handed.
http://wn.com/Nick_Swisher -
Nicolas Douchez
Nicolas Douchez (born April 22, 1980 in Rosny-sous-Bois) is a French football goalkeeper who currently plays for Rennes in the French Ligue 1.
http://wn.com/Nicolas_Douchez -
Nigel Short
Nigel David Short MBE (born 1 June 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire) is often regarded as the strongest English chess player of the 20th century. He became a Grandmaster at age 19. He challenged for the World Chess Championship against Garry Kasparov at London 1993. Still active, Short continues to enjoy international success. He is also a chess columnist, coach and commentator.
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Nihat Erim
http://wn.com/Nihat_Erim -
Noel Sullivan
Noel Sullivan (born 28 July 1980 in Cardiff, Wales), is a Welsh singer and actor. He was a member of the British pop group Hear'Say. Like the other members of the group, he won his part through the talent show Popstars.
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Norah McGuinness
Norah McGuinness (7 November 1901, County Londonderry, Ireland – 22 November 1980, County Dublin) was an Irish painter and illustrator.
http://wn.com/Norah_McGuinness -
Nordstrom Sisters
The Nordstrom Sisters were an American cabaret act which performed internationally from 1931 to 1976.
http://wn.com/Nordstrom_Sisters -
Norihiro Nishi
is a Japanese football player who currently plays for Jubilo Iwata. He was capped 5 times for the Japanese national team.
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Norman Shelley
http://wn.com/Norman_Shelley -
Nozomi Takeuchi
is a Japanese gravure idol, and a female talent. She is from Aichi, belonged to the show-business production Yume Kikaku. Her nickname is 'Kojocho' (means a factory manager), derives from her handle name of the official blog. She graduated from 'Kunitachi College of Music' (in Japan), and plays the piano.
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Nyncke Beekhuyzen
Nyncke Beekhuyzen (born 24 January 1980 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch actress.
http://wn.com/Nyncke_Beekhuyzen -
Olivia Munn
Olivia Munn (born Lisa Olivia Munn; July 3, 1980) is an American comedic actress, model, television personality and author. She began her career being credited as Lisa Munn. Since 2006, she has been using the name Olivia Munn personally and professionally. Also since 2006, Munn has been one of the faces of the cable network G4, hosting a number of shows for the network, the most prominent being Attack of the Show!, with co-host Kevin Pereira. In 2010, she became a correspondent for The Daily Show.
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Omar Bravo
Omar Bravo Tordecillas (born March 4, 1980 in Los Mochis, Sinaloa) is a Mexican international footballer who is currently at Guadalajara.
http://wn.com/Omar_Bravo -
Oscar Romero
http://wn.com/Oscar_Romero -
Oskar Kokoschka
http://wn.com/Oskar_Kokoschka -
Ossama Haidar
Ossama Haidar (born on 14 January 1980) is a Lebanese footballer who plays for Al-Ahed in Lebanon. He is a midfielder. He represented the Lebanon national football team nine times between 2002 and 2004. He formerly played for Tadamon Sour.
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Oswald Mosley
Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley, 6th Baronet (16 November 1896 – 3 December 1980) was a British politician, known principally as the founder of the British Union of Fascists. He was a member of Parliament for Harrow from 1918 to 1924 and for Smethwick from 1926 to 1931.
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Otto Frank
Otto Heinrich "Pim" Frank (12 May 1889 – 19 August 1980) was the father of Anne and Margot Frank. As the sole member of his family to survive the Holocaust, he inherited Anne's manuscripts after her death, and arranged for the publication of her diary in 1947.
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Pascual Jordan
Pascual Jordan (b. 18 October 1902 in Hanover, Germany; d. 31 July 1980 in Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany) was a theoretical and mathematical physicist who made significant contributions to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. He contributed much to the mathematical form of matrix mechanics, and developed canonical anticommutation relations for fermions. While the Jordan algebra he invented is no longer employed in quantum mechanics, it has found other mathematical applications.
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Patrick Agyemang
Patrick Agyemang (born 29 September 1980 in Walthamstow, England) is a footballer who plays for Queens Park Rangers as a striker. He has been capped 4 times by the Ghana national team, scoring one goal.
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Patrick Aufiero
Patrick Aufiero (born July 1, 1980, in Winchester, Massachusetts) is a retired American professional ice hockey defenseman. He was drafted in the third round (90th overall) in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft by the New York Rangers.
http://wn.com/Patrick_Aufiero -
Patrick Depailler
http://wn.com/Patrick_Depailler -
Pau Gasol
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Pau_Gasol -
Paul Berg
Paul Berg (born on June 30, 1926 in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.) is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He graduated from Abraham Lincoln High School in 1943, received his B.S. in biochemistry from Penn State University in 1948 and Ph.D. in biochemistry from Case Western Reserve University in 1952. He is a member of the Beta Sigma Rho fraternity (now Beta Sigma Beta). In 1980 he shared half of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry with the team of Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. All three were recognized for their important contributions to basic research in nucleic acids. His studies as a postgraduate involved the use of radioisotope tracers in intermediary metabolism. This resulted in the understanding of how foodstuffs are converted to cellular materials, through the use of isotopic carbons or heavy nitrogen atoms. Paul Berg's doctorate paper is now known as the conversion of formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol to fully reduced states of methyl groups in methionine. He was also one of the first to demonstrate that folic acid and B12 cofactors had roles in the processes mentioned.
http://wn.com/Paul_Berg -
Paul Geidel
Paul Geidel (April 21, 1894 - May, 1987) was the longest serving American prison inmate whose sentence ended with his release. After being convicted of second-degree murder in 1911, Geidel served 68 years and 245 days in various New York state prisons. He was released on May 7, 1980, at the age of 86.
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Paul London
Paul Michael London (born April 16, 1980) is an American professional wrestler best known for his time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
http://wn.com/Paul_London -
Peter Sellers
Peter Sellers, OBE (born Richard Henry Sellers, 8 September 1925 – 24 July 1980), was a British comedian and actor best known for his roles in Dr. Strangelove, as Chief Inspector Clouseau in The Pink Panther film series, as Clare Quilty in the original 1962 screen version of Lolita, and as the man-child, Chance the gardener, in his penultimate film, Being There.
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Peter Stoner
http://wn.com/Peter_Stoner -
Phoemela Baranda
http://wn.com/Phoemela_Baranda -
Pierre Etchebaster
Pierre Etchebaster (December 8, 1893 - March 24, 1980) is widely considered history's greatest player of real tennis (in France jeu de paume), the original racquet sport from which the modern game of lawn tennis (which has usurped the name "tennis"), is descended.
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Pierre Trudeau
http://wn.com/Pierre_Trudeau -
Piersanti Mattarella
Piersanti Mattarella (May 24, 1935 - January 6, 1980) was an Italian politician. He was assassinated by the Mafia while he held the position of President of the Regional Government of Sicily.
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Piotr Giza
http://wn.com/Piotr_Giza -
Pope John Paul II
http://wn.com/Pope_John_Paul_II -
Pua Magasiva
Pua Magasiva (born August 10, 1980) is a Samoan New Zealand actor, who is perhaps known for his roles as Shane Clarke, the Red Ranger from , and Nurse Vinnie Kruse in New Zealand soap Shortland Street.
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Rachael Carpani
Rachael Ann Carpani (born 24 August 1980 in Sydney, Australia) is an Australian actress.
http://wn.com/Rachael_Carpani -
Ramnaresh Sarwan
Ramnaresh Ronnie Sarwan (born 23 June 1980) in Wakenaam Island, Guyana is a West Indian cricketer of Indo-Guyanese origin and member of the West Indies cricket team.
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Randal Keith Orton
http://wn.com/Randal_Keith_Orton -
Randy Orton
Randal Keith "Randy" Orton (born on April 1, 1980) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) wrestling on its Raw brand, where he is the reigning WWE Champion. Orton is a third-generation professional wrestler; his grandfather Bob Orton, Sr., father "Cowboy" Bob Orton, as well as his uncle Barry O, all competed in the professional wrestling industry.
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Raymond Bailey
Raymond Thomas Bailey (May 6, 1904 – April 15, 1980) was an American actor on the Broadway stage, movies, and television. He is best known for his role as wealthy banker, Milburn Drysdale, in the television series The Beverly Hillbillies.
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Rebeka Dremelj
http://wn.com/Rebeka_Dremelj -
Red Sovine
Woodrow Wilson Sovine (July 17, 1918 – April 4, 1980), better known as Red Sovine, was an American country music singer associated with truck driving songs, particularly those recited as narratives but set to music. The most famous example was his 1976 number one hit "Teddy Bear".
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Reggie Abercrombie
Reginald Damascus Abercrombie (born July 15, 1981 in Columbus, Georgia) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder now playing for the Sioux Falls Fighting Pheasants.
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Regina Spektor
Regina Ilyinichna Spektor (, , ; born February 18, 1980) is a Russian-born American singer-songwriter and pianist. Her music is associated with the anti-folk scene centered in New York City's East Village.
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Reginald Gardiner
Reginald Gardiner (27 February 1903 - 7 July 1980) was an English-born actor in film and television and a graduate of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in Britain. He made his film debut in 1926 in the silent film , by Alfred Hitchcock. Moving to Hollywood, he was cast in numerous roles, often as a British butler. One of his most famous roles was that of Schultz in Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator. Toward the end of his career, Gardiner made increasing guest appearances on the leading television sitcoms of the 1960s, including Fess Parker's ABC series, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington as the lead guest in the episode "Citizen Bellows". His last major role was alongside Phyllis Diller in her short-lived ABC sitcom The Pruitts of Southampton (1966-67).
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Rex Grossman
Rex Daniel Grossman, III (born August 23, 1980) is an American football quarterback for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. He graduated from Bloomington High School South and attended the University of Florida on an athletic scholarship. Grossman led the Florida Gators to the 2000 SEC Championship, the 2001 Sugar Bowl, the 2002 Orange Bowl and the 2003 Outback Bowl. He was the runner-up for the 2001 Heisman Trophy.
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Richard Pryor
http://wn.com/Richard_Pryor -
Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner (, ; 22 May 1813 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, theatre director and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or "music dramas", as they were later called). Wagner's compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for their complex texture, rich harmonies and orchestration, and the elaborate use of leitmotifs: musical themes associated with individual characters, places, ideas or plot elements. Unlike most other opera composers, Wagner wrote both the music and libretto for every one of his stage works. Famous extracts from his operas include the "Ride of the Valkyries" and the Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin, popularly known as the wedding march "Here Comes the Bride".
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Richie McCaw
Richard Hugh "Richie" McCaw (born 31 December 1980 in Oamaru, North Otago) is a professional New Zealand rugby union player. He plays in the openside flanker position and is the current captain of New Zealand. McCaw also represents Canterbury in the ITM Cup (formerly the Air New Zealand Cup) and the Crusaders in the Super 14. He weighs 99 kilograms and stands just shy of 6 feet 2 inches.
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Robert Brackman
http://wn.com/Robert_Brackman -
Robert Mugabe
Robert Gabriel Mugabe (, ; born 21 February 1924) is the second and current President of Zimbabwe. One of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power as the head of government since 1980, as Prime Minister from 1980 to 1987, and as the first executive head of state since 1987.
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Robin Vik
http://wn.com/Robin_Vik -
Roland Mark Schoeman
Swimmer|
http://wn.com/Roland_Mark_Schoeman -
Rolf Nevanlinna
__NOTOC__
http://wn.com/Rolf_Nevanlinna -
Romain Gary
http://wn.com/Romain_Gary -
Ronald Reagan
http://wn.com/Ronald_Reagan -
Ronaldinho
Football biography 2
http://wn.com/Ronaldinho -
Rosie Ruiz
Rosie Ruiz Vivas (born 1953, Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban American who on April 21, 1980 crossed the finish line before all other women runners in the 84th Boston Marathon and was initially credited as the first place female competitor, but was later stripped of her title when it was found that she had not run the entire course.
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Ruhollah Khomeini
http://wn.com/Ruhollah_Khomeini -
Russell Howard
http://wn.com/Russell_Howard -
Ryan Gosling
Ryan Thomas Gosling (born November 12, 1980) is a Canadian actor and musician. He is known for his roles in The Notebook and The Believer, and he won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Male and the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor for his role in Half Nelson, for which he was also nominated for an Academy Award. He was nominated for another Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Lars and the Real Girl.
http://wn.com/Ryan_Gosling -
Ryan Miller
http://wn.com/Ryan_Miller -
Ryder Hesjedal
Cyclist
http://wn.com/Ryder_Hesjedal -
Sabrina Colie
Sabrina Diana Colie (b. November 4, 1980 in Mandeville, Jamaica) is a Jamaican actress and director.
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Sahir Ludhianvi
http://wn.com/Sahir_Ludhianvi -
Salvadoran Civil War
http://wn.com/Salvadoran_Civil_War -
Samuel Kanyon Doe
http://wn.com/Samuel_Kanyon_Doe -
Samuel Peter
Samuel Okon Peter (born September 6, 1980 in Akwa Ibom, Nigeria), nicknamed "The Nigerian Nightmare," is an American based heavyweight boxer and the former WBC world heavyweight boxing champion.
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Sarah Chang
Sarah Chang (born December 10, 1980), is a Korean American violin virtuoso.
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Satoshi Ohno
(born November 26, 1980) is a Japanese idol, singer, actor, artist, and radio host. He is the lead vocalist and leader of Japanese boy band Arashi, hence his nickname .
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Satoshi Tsumabuki
is a Japanese actor. His breakthrough film was Waterboys for which he was nominated for the 'Best Actor' award at the Japanese Academy Awards, and won the 'Newcomer of the Year' prize. He is also the bassist and lead singer of the Japanese band Basking Lite.
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Sean Avery
http://wn.com/Sean_Avery -
Sean Burroughs
Sean Patrick Burroughs (born September 12, 1980 in Atlanta, Georgia) is a free agent third baseman in Major League Baseball who has played for the San Diego Padres and Tampa Bay Devil Rays.
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Sergio García
http://wn.com/Sergio_García -
Sherine
Sherine (, born Sherine Ahmed Abdel Wahhab, though it is not her real name; October 10, 1980) is an Egyptian singer and actress from Egypt, Cairo. Sherine began her career with the single Ah Ya Leil in 2002, and has since released several albums that include 2 EPs and 3 LPs.
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Shizuka Itou
http://wn.com/Shizuka_Itou -
Siggie Nordstrom
Sigfred Ann "Siggie" Nordstrom (June 14, 1893 – December 24, 1980) was an American model, actress, entertainer, socialite and lead singer of The Nordstrom Sisters.
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Simon Gagné
http://wn.com/Simon_Gagné -
Simone Mathieu
| class="infobox"
http://wn.com/Simone_Mathieu -
Sohrab Sepehri
Sohrab Sepehri () (October 7, 1928 - April 21, 1980) was a notable modern Persian poet and a painter.
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Sol Lesser
http://wn.com/Sol_Lesser -
Sosuke Sumitani
http://wn.com/Sosuke_Sumitani -
Stana Katic
Stana Jacqueline Katic (born April 26, 1978) is a Canadian film and television actress active in the United States. She is best known for her portrayal of Detective Kate Beckett in ABC's Castle.
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Stephen Gaskin
Stephen Gaskin (born February 16, 1935) is a counterculture hippie icon best known for his presence in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco in the 1960s and for co-founding "The Farm", a famous spiritual intentional community in Summertown, Tennessee. He was a Green Party presidential primary candidate in 2000 on a platform which included campaign finance reform, universal health care, and decriminalization of marijuana. He is the author of over a dozen books, a teacher, a musician (drummer), a semantic rapper, a public speaker, a political activist, and a philanthropic organizer.
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Steve Lovell
Stephen William Henry "Steve" Lovell (born 6 December 1980 in Amersham) is an English professional association footballer, who plays for Bournemouth.
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Steve Peregrin Took
Steve Peregrin Took (born Stephen Ross Porter, 28 July 1949, Eltham, died 27 October 1980, North Kensington) was an English musician. He is best known for his membership of Tyrannosaurus Rex with Marc Bolan. After his departure from the group, he concentrated on his own singer/songwriting activities, variously as a solo artist or as a frontman for several bands.
http://wn.com/Steve_Peregrin_Took -
Steve Tully
Stephen Tully (born 10 February 1980) is an English footballer, currently playing in defence for League One side Exeter City. He was born in Paignton, Devon.
http://wn.com/Steve_Tully -
Steven Gerrard
Steven George Gerrard MBE (; born 30 May 1980), is an English professional association football player who plays for and captains English Premier League club Liverpool and the England national team. He has played much of his career in a centre midfielder role; however, since the arrival of Fernando Torres at Liverpool in 2007, he has been used mainly as a second striker for his club team and as a winger for England since 2006. Gerrard is best known for his long shots and also has scored in numerous cup finals including the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final and the 2006 FA Cup Final.
http://wn.com/Steven_Gerrard -
Sue Bird
Suzanne Brigit Bird (born October 16, 1980) is a professional women's basketball player for the Seattle Storm.
http://wn.com/Sue_Bird -
Svetlana Feofanova
Svetlana Yevgenyevna Feofanova (; born 16 July, 1980 in Moscow) is a Russian pole vaulter. She won the silver medal in women's pole vaulting at the 2004 Summer Olympics behind compatriot Yelena Isinbayeva, and won the bronze in the 2008 Summer Olympics. Feofanova was also a gymnast and was included in the Russian national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics but did not continue competing in the sport.
http://wn.com/Svetlana_Feofanova -
T.I.
Clifford Joseph Harris, Jr. (born September 25, 1980), better known by his stage name T.I. or T.I.P., is an American recording artist, film & music producer, and occasional actor. He is the founder and co-chief executive officer (CEO) of Grand Hustle Records.
http://wn.com/TI -
Taebin
Danny Im (Hangul: ), also known by his Korean name Tae Bin (), is a Korean singer and the youngest member of the Korean hip hop group 1TYM. Born on May 6, 1980, he debuted as lead vocalist of 1TYM in 1998. On June 12, 2004, he released his first solo album under the name Taebin. He used the name Danny while he worked with 1TYM, and was known for his smooth R&B; vocals, often performing with his friend and fellow K-pop artist Se7en. Taebin speaks both English and Korean fluently. His religion is Christian
http://wn.com/Taebin -
Tayshaun Prince
Tayshaun Durell Prince (born February 28, 1980, in Compton, California) is a left-handed American basketball player for the Detroit Pistons in the National Basketball Association. Prince is a small forward, listed at and . A graduate of Dominguez High School and the University of Kentucky, Prince was drafted in the first round (23rd overall) by the Detroit Pistons in the 2002 NBA Draft. Prince wears the jersey #22 as a result of his draft position, signifying the 22 teams that passed on drafting him. His college #21 was previously retired by the Pistons in honor of guard Dave Bing.
http://wn.com/Tayshaun_Prince -
Tegan and Sara
Tegan and Sara is a Canadian indie pop/New Wave/indie rock band led by identical twins Tegan Rain Quin and Sara Keirsten Quin (born September 19, 1980). Both Tegan and Sara play guitar and keyboard and write songs, most often separately. The band has released six studio albums since 1999, most recently Sainthood in 2009.
http://wn.com/Tegan_and_Sara -
Terrence McGee
Terrence Dewayne McGee (born October 14, 1980 in Smith County, Texas) is an American football cornerback and kick returner who currently plays for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League. He was originally drafted by Bills in the fourth round (111th overall) of the 2003 NFL Draft. He played high school football at Athens High School in Athens, Texas, and played collegiately at Northwestern State.
http://wn.com/Terrence_McGee -
Terry Fox
http://wn.com/Terry_Fox -
Tex Avery
Frederick Bean "Fred/Tex" Avery (February 26, 1908 – August 26, 1980) was an American animator, cartoonist, voice actor and director, famous for producing animated cartoons during The Golden Age of Hollywood animation. He did his most significant work for the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios, creating the characters of Daffy Duck, Bugs Bunny, Droopy, Screwy Squirrel, and developing Porky Pig and Chilly Willy (this last one for the Walter Lantz Studio) into the personas for which they are remembered.
http://wn.com/Tex_Avery -
The Miz
http://wn.com/The_Miz -
The Script
The Script are an alternative rock band from Dublin, Ireland. Currently based in London after signing to Sony Label Group imprint Phonogenic, the band released their self-entitled debut album in August 2008. Their music has been featured in video games and the popular programmes 90210, Ghost Whisperer, The Hills and Waterloo Road.
http://wn.com/The_Script -
The Times
The Times is a daily national newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785, when it was known as The Daily Universal Register.
http://wn.com/The_Times -
Theodore Roosevelt
http://wn.com/Theodore_Roosevelt -
Tim Borowski
Tim Borowski (born 2 May 1980 in Neubrandenburg) is a German footballer, who currently plays as a midfielder for Werder Bremen. He is a central midfielder, adept at tackling and attacking although best known for his passing and vision.
http://wn.com/Tim_Borowski -
Tim Hardin
http://wn.com/Tim_Hardin -
Timana Tahu
Timana James Aporo Tahu (born 16 October 1980) is an Indigenous Australian rugby league footballer and former rugby union player, a dual-code international. In 2010 he returned back to rugby league and plays again for the Parramatta Eels. He formerly played for the New South Wales Waratahs in the Super 14 competition. Prior to that he played rugby league for the Newcastle Knights and the Parramatta Eels, as well as playing for New South Wales in the State of Origin and for the Kangaroos, the Australian National Team.
http://wn.com/Timana_Tahu -
Todd Heap
Todd Benjamin Heap (born March 16, 1980 in Mesa, Arizona) is a Pro Bowl tight end for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. He played college football at Arizona State University.
http://wn.com/Todd_Heap -
Tomáš Rosický
http://wn.com/Tomáš_Rosický -
Tony Beckley
http://wn.com/Tony_Beckley -
Tony Romo
Antonio Ramiro "Tony" Romo (born April 21, 1980) is a professional American football quarterback for the Dallas Cowboys. Romo's career passer rating - at 95.5 - ranks fourth-best all time. Romo replaced the Cowboys' previous starting quarterback Drew Bledsoe during a game against the New York Giants in the 2006 season.
http://wn.com/Tony_Romo -
Unabomber
http://wn.com/Unabomber -
Uttam Kumar
http://wn.com/Uttam_Kumar -
Val Logsdon Fitch
Val Logsdon Fitch (born March 10, 1923, Merriman, Nebraska, USA) is an American nuclear physicist. A native of Merriman, Nebraska, he graduated from Gordon High School and attended Chadron State College for three years before being drafted into the U.S. army in 1943. He later graduated from McGill University with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1948 and completed his Ph.D. in physics in 1954 from Columbia University. In World War II, he worked on the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos. He is a member of the faculty at Princeton University.
http://wn.com/Val_Logsdon_Fitch -
Vernon Jordan
Vernon Eulion Jordan, Jr. (born August 15, 1935) is a lawyer and business executive in the United States. He served as a close adviser to President Bill Clinton and has become known as an influential figure in American politics. An African American, Jordan has been a leading figure in the civil rights movement.
http://wn.com/Vernon_Jordan -
Victor Sen Yung
http://wn.com/Victor_Sen_Yung -
Victoria Pendleton
Victoria Pendleton MBE (born Stotfold, Bedfordshire, England, 24 September 1980) is a British Olympic and world champion track cyclist. Her father, Max, was also a British national grass-track cycling champion.
http://wn.com/Victoria_Pendleton -
Vladimir Vysotsky
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Vysotsky -
Vladimír Holan
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http://wn.com/Vladimír_Holan -
Walter Gilbert
Walter Gilbert (born March 21, 1932) is an American physicist, biochemist, molecular biology pioneer, and Nobel laureate.
http://wn.com/Walter_Gilbert -
Walter Rodney
Walter Rodney (March 23, 1942 – June 13, 1980) was a prominent Guyanese historian and political activist, who was assassinated in Guyana in 1980.
http://wn.com/Walter_Rodney -
Walter Susskind
Jan Walter Susskind (1 May 1913 – 25 March 1980) was a Czech-born British conductor.
http://wn.com/Walter_Susskind -
Wang Yuegu
Tabletennis player
http://wn.com/Wang_Yuegu -
Wayne Bridge
Wayne Michael Bridge (born 5 August 1980) is an English footballer who currently plays as a left back for Manchester City.
http://wn.com/Wayne_Bridge -
Willard Libby
Willard Frank Libby (December 17, 1908 – September 8, 1980) was an American physical chemist, famous for his role in the 1949 development of radiocarbon dating, a process which revolutionized archaeology.
http://wn.com/Willard_Libby -
William Howard Stein
William Howard Stein (June 25, 1911 – February 2, 1980) was an American biochemist.
http://wn.com/William_Howard_Stein -
William O. Douglas
http://wn.com/William_O_Douglas -
Willie Parker
"Fast" Willie Parker, Jr. (born November 11, 1980) is an American football running back who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2004. He played college football at North Carolina. He has also played for the Washington Redskins.
http://wn.com/Willie_Parker -
Wilmer Valderrama
Wilmer Valderrama (born January 30, 1980) is an American actor and television personality, best known for the role of Fez in the sitcom ''That '70s Show, hosting the MTV series Yo Momma'', and voicing the character of Manny in the children's show Handy Manny.
http://wn.com/Wilmer_Valderrama -
Winifred Wagner
Winifred Wagner (23 June 1897 - 5 March 1980) was an English-born Welsh woman married to Siegfried Wagner, Richard Wagner's son. She was the effective head of the Wagner family from 1930 to 1945, and a close friend of German dictator Adolf Hitler.
http://wn.com/Winifred_Wagner -
Yahya Khan
http://wn.com/Yahya_Khan -
Yalin
http://wn.com/Yalin -
Yang Tae-Young
Yang Tae-Young (born July 8, 1980, Seoul) is a South Korean 2004 Olympic medalist in artistic gymnastics.
http://wn.com/Yang_Tae-Young -
Yang Wei (gymnast)
Yang Wei (; born February 8, 1980 in Xiantao, Hubei) is a male gymnast from China.
http://wn.com/Yang_Wei_(gymnast) -
Yao Ming
Yao Ming (; born September 12, 1980) is a professional basketball player who plays for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is currently the tallest player in the NBA, at .
http://wn.com/Yao_Ming -
Yootha Joyce
http://wn.com/Yootha_Joyce -
Yūko Takeuchi
is a Japanese actress. She made her big break with NHK's television series Asuka and JT Green's commercial. She has gone on to star in many TV shows, movies, and commercials.
http://wn.com/Yūko_Takeuchi -
Zachary Levi
Zachary Levi Pugh (born September 29, 1980) is an American television actor known for roles of Kipp Steadman in Less than Perfect and Chuck Bartowski in Chuck.
http://wn.com/Zachary_Levi -
Zat Knight
Zatyiah "Zat" Knight (born 2 May 1981 in Solihull) is an English footballer who plays for Bolton Wanderers in the Premier League. Knight has two caps for England.
http://wn.com/Zat_Knight -
Zhang Jingchu
Zhang Jingchu () (born February 2, 1980) is a Chinese film actress. She graduated in Directing at the Central Academy of Drama in Beijing.
http://wn.com/Zhang_Jingchu -
Zooey Deschanel
Zooey Claire Deschanel (; born January 17, 1980) is an American actress, musician, and singer-songwriter. In 1999, Deschanel made her film debut in Mumford, followed by her break out role as young protagonist William Miller's troubled older sister Anita in Cameron Crowe's 2000 semi autobiographical film Almost Famous. Deschanel soon became known for her deadpan supporting roles in films such as Elf (2003), ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005) and Failure to Launch (2006). She then began playing lead roles in films, including Yes Man (2008) and (500) Days of Summer'' (2009).
http://wn.com/Zooey_Deschanel -
Óscar Romero
http://wn.com/Óscar_Romero -
Ümit Kaftancıoğlu
http://wn.com/Ümit_Kaftancıoğlu
karaoke
And it's your only day, do you got all the truth?
oh you never feel the way you were...
I must have seen it, it's so familiar
oh she looks so familiar
must have seen it, oh you look so familiar
I must have seen her face before, I fell in love when I was born
now they hide her with a whisper, it's over
So it goes, never been a better time might as well make it now?
Oh it's your only day & you got all the truth
oh you'll never feel the way you were
now it's your only day is it all the truth?
Oh you never feel the way you were
The dead hand of the past only wishes to control your future
I must have seen it, it's so familiar
oh it looks so familiar
I grew up in the 1980's
In a 4-bedroom house
My family, my Grandma,
3 or 4 Aunties
Uncles and Brothers
In and out of prison daily
At certain times when there was no heat
We stay under covers
There was life like u never seen
Grandma taking extra people in
Come dinner time It was tippin' 18
Boil a big pot of water on the stove to take a bath
Rub my face with Olive Oil
All my mates used to laugh
All my Cousin's moved out
We all got divided
As i started to get older I seen God providing
I've seen £50 last 3 months solid
I got my first pair of nikes we were still eating porridge
Me and my cousin used to play Mel & Kim
Practising dancin'
Coming down the stairs and ting
I touched Africa and came back darker
Knowing myself
Feeling my roots a little bit harder
1980 year that God made me
89 i started to get by
99 i started to write rhymes
walk with me reminice my life
So then we moved up
I thought I was the Fresh Prince
Dynasty was re-runs and Dallas was faded
With 3 beds this time and 6 kids
we got a doggy that dog loved to shit
My brother got his first pair of LA Gears
He thought they were to take pictures of instead of wear
I started hanging out and my jeans got tighter
My weird neighbours set their own house on fire
Church was All day every day and every week
That's where i learned how to sing
Hearing that pastor Preach
Benediction was all we went for
So we could run home and play connect 4
Mum worked late and we learnt to cook
Rice peas chicken and stew pea soup
In the room watching Kung-Fu films
And Cleopatra joans
Wishing we were cosby kids and the match stick girls.
The man downstairs was dead for 3 weeks
His own cat started eating him
The house starts to wreak
That's when we moved out
And our house was bigger
We had a large garage and the attic was killer
We used to pray for 3 hours in the mornin'
Sitting on the school bus
Believe we was yawning
All our hair was stuck down to our foreheads
Jam curls, splits, dorags and pin curls yes
Sexy boys walking round showing interest
In what i don't know coz we all had flat chests
Don't think we never mastered the Kid n Play steps
Doowop for days in the bogle yep
But this is just the beginning of my life right,
9 kids a house and one life time
Yo, the beginning of my life right
Long drives
Over the veldt
Head full of songs
Boxcars
Old European
Occupied zones
Grey day
Welfare hotel
Lost in the stars
With her
All of my fears
Melt in the dawn
Milk tea
Under the midnight sun
Not sure
Why we were ever born
Storm clouds
In the afternoon
Lonely
In my hotel room
Late June
Lost latitudes
The transistor hums
Street cars
Indigo blue
Roll through the slums
Milk tea… etc.
Hey, there, pretty little girl (hey, man),
With your long brown sexy curls (uh, uh).
You're a hottie, body tight,
Good, god almighty.
Alright, son, hold up,
You need to slow your roll.
We've been talking for a while
Now she ain't no hoe.
She got class, style, pizzazz, and jazz,
Each smile as a matter of fact.
She has me twisted just like she did back then,
When the game of gab could be played among friends.
That's all it was about,
And now to represent.
We talked last night around 10.
And I told her.
Listen up, cause I love you, lady.
We go back, like, 1980.
Lord knows you're the one to change me,
You love me cause I'm so crazy.
You'll see, it'll be, you and me,
Always, always.
I told her look,
I know a lot of folks around town,
Probably been telling you that,
"Danny just a crook."
I definitely done some things that I shouldn't be proud of,
But we can do it by the book.
We've known each other for a long time,
I know you the strong kind of woman with the strong mind,
And that's what got me hooked.
I got some crazy homies,
Whatchu you talking about?
You got some crazy homies.
Yo, quit fronting and lolly gagging,
We can have a baby daughter,
Maybe call her Maggie.
We've known each other since the 9th grade,
We make each other laugh,
Best friends, let's do this the right way.
Listen up, cause I love you, lady.
We go back, like, 1980.
Lord knows you're the one to change me,
You love me cause I'm so crazy.
You'll see, it'll be, you and me,
Always, always.
Listen up, cause I love you, lady.
We go back, like, 1980.
Lord knows you're the one to change me,
You love me cause I'm so crazy.
You'll see, it'll be, you and me,
Always, always.
I know I'm still crazy,
But I've changed a lot.
and, I've cleaned up a little,
And you're still hot.
But if I ain't the one,
I hope you find true love.
And if not, I'm here when push comes to shove.
Just know if you walk down that aisle,
With another dude to take those vows,
How I'll react,
There ain't no telling.
I might bust in the back of the church and start yelling.
Listen up, cause I love you, lady.
We go back, like, 1980.
Lord knows you're the one to change me,
You love me cause I'm so crazy.
You'll see, it'll be, you and me,
Always, always.
Listen up, cause I love you, lady.
We go back, like, 1980.
Lord knows you're the one to change me,
You love me cause I'm so crazy.
You'll see, it'll be, you and me,
Always, always.
Always, always, always.
1980 by Pierre Rapsat
Premiers bruits
Des poubelles
Pour les villes
Au réveil ;
Tu sors de ta nuit !
Premiers mots
Au café
Au métro...
"Année 80"
T'as vraiment pas la gueule
Des imaginations
Des vieux livres science-fiction !
Tu n'as pas plein de spoutnick, d'androïdes
On fabrique pas des soucoupes chez Plymouth
On dîne pas aux pilules
On vit pas dans des bulles !
"1980"
Tu es cet écran
Où sont projetés
Nos espoirs-succès
Amours en question
Et nouvelles chansons !
Tous les plans d'une paix
Qui dorment empagés
Départs de folie
Pour Gallipolli !
De nouveaux romans
De nouveaux présidents
En flash-backs
Tu nous rassures
Pour le futur
Dans le lin
Le strass et Chopin !
Les journaux imprimeront
Nos jours sous ton nom !
Malgré les machines
Les enfants feront
Encore sur leurs doigts
Toutes leurs additions !
Les autruches ne gouvernent pas notre terre
On fait pas nos lunes de miel en stellaire !
Pas de Club sur Pluton
On n'est pas des mutants !
"1980"
Malgré l'synthétique
On rêvera encore
En films, en musiques
On fera l'amour
Mais non-télépathique !
Décomprime
Nos envies, nos déprimes
"1980"
T'es notre starting-block
Pour la course dans l'époque !
"1980"
T'as notre starting-block
Pour la course dans l'époque !
"1980"
[Jack Nicholson:]
"What Happened to your queer party frends? "
[Dirt Nasty:]
I got a gold chain,
I'm on cocaine,
I'm like 'yo, man(e)',
What, what, what, what?
I rolled in, straight from Oakland,
Holdin' my dick like a U.S. Open
Trophy.
What up to *hyphy*,
Ya'll don't know me, Dirt Nasty.
Ass cheeks, spread wide,
G-String, to the side.
One drink, Courvoisier,
Two drink, vodka Straight,
Three drink, I'm in the sink,
Throwin' up on my brand new mink
Coat.
And I'm doin' coke,
Y'all can't hold my donkey rope. (nope)
Call the pope, pray for me,
Gold Rolls Royce for your lady. (ding!)
I lived through the 80's,
And shit was crazy.
Everybody wanna know my name,
Bring the pain and pop the champagne,
Every girl wanna hold my chain,
When I fuck their brains out on the Mustang.
I got a gold chain,
(Like it was 1980)
I'm on cocaine,
(Like it was 1980)
I'm like 'yo, man(e)',
(Like it was 1980)
It sure does seem that way to me,
And tell your girl to stop pagin' me,
(What, what, what, what?)
I rolled in, stoned as hell,
White lines, gold gazelles.
Hotel on sunset,
Young hoes get undressed, (you bet)
Done dick ain't done yet,
Insert the clip, and get the gun wet, (chick, chick)
Nuff' said, I'm radical,
T-shirt say party animal, (Rawr!)
I ain't no amateur,
This ain't no Hands Across America,
I shine like Morrissey on Hennessy on Christmas Eve (Nope)
Naw, more like Morris Day, on hella yay, dressin gay (Ding!)
I lived through the 80's,
And shit was crazy,
Everybody wanna know my name,
Bring the pain and pop the champagne,
Every girl wanna hold my chain,
When I fuck their brains out on the mustang,
I got a gold chain,
(Like it was1980)
I'm on cocaine,
(Like it was 1980)
I'm like 'yo, man(e)',
(Like it was 1980),
It sure does seem that way to me,
And tell your girl to stop pagin' me,
What, what, what, what?
(What happened to your queer party friends?)
I got a gold chain,
I'm on cocaine,
I'm like yo man(e)',
What, what, what, what, what...
(I got a, I got a, I got a, got a, got a)
Gold chain,
(Like it was 1980)
I'm on cocaine,
(Like it was 1980)
I'm like 'yo, man(e)',
(Like it was 1980),
It sure does seem that way to me,
And tell your girl to stop pagin' me
What, what, what, what?
Gold chain
(Like it was 1980)
I'm on gold chain
(Like it was 1980)
I'm on gold chain
(Like it was 1980)
(I'm On)
It sure does seem that way to me,
1980
Chaos Z
Schlachrtufe BRD
Pharmazie, Pharmazie
Es muß gehen irgendwie
Autobahn, Autobahn
Ich krieg gleich den Straßenwahn
Depression, Depression
Der Wahnsinn ist ein Megaphon
Arbeitslos, Arbeitslos
Das geht heut' ganz rigoros
Militär, Militär
Ist so herrlich autoritär
Neonlicht, Neonlicht
Kaltes, blaues Strahlgesicht
Kidnapping, Kidnapping
Das wird jetzt das große Ding
Kontrolle, Kontrolle
Fall bloß nicht aus der Rolle
Alltagstrott, Alltagstrott
Wenn Du nicht mehr kannst,
kommst Du zum Schrott.
Steuergeld, Steuergeld
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Dirt Nasty - "1980"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Directed by Nicholaus Goossen. Featuring Mickey Avalon, Andre Legacy, Cisco Adler, Shwayze, DJ AM, Evidence, and ALF.
http://wn.com/Dirt_Nasty_1980
Estelle '1980'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
Estelle's first music video directed by Andy Hylton.
http://wn.com/Estelle_'1980'
Trip through the 80s - A Video Compilation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Song List: bit.ly ---- iMix on iTunes: bit.ly For more great 80s videos visit www.thegreat80s.com .............. Video Description A selection of video clips starting in 1980 and going on through 1989. All of the songs in this collection were on the Billboard end of year top 20 for their respective year. You can also download the songs from iTunes using the iMix list located on the song list page.
http://wn.com/Trip_through_the_80s_A_Video_Compilation
Split Enz - I Got You (1980)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
Music from Australia & New Zealand in the year 1980: Split Enz's promo-video for the hit single 'I Got You' (March, 1980) taken from the 1980 album 'True Colours'. Band Origin: Auckland, New Zealand Track: I Got You Album: True Colours Composed By: Neil Finn Produced By: David Tickle Label: Mushroom Chart Position: # 1 (Australia) -- # 1 (New Zealand) -- # 13 (United Kingdom) -- # 53 (United States) -- # 12 (Canada) -- also charted successfully in other countries, such as Iraq. Release Date: 21 January 1980 Footage Information: A Chris Lofven Production Links: - en.wikipedia.org - www.frenz.com - www.myspace.com Line-up: Tim Finn - Vocals, Guitar [ Split Ends (1972-1974) -- Split Enz (1975-1984) -- solo (1983-present) -- Crowded House (1990-1992) -- Enzo (1966) -- Finn (1996) -- Alt (mid-late 1990s) ] Neil Finn - Guitar, Vocals [ Split Enz (1977-1985) -- Crowded House (1985-1996) -- Finn (1996) -- solo (1998-2004) -- Crowded House reformed (2007-present) Eddie Rayner - Piano, Keyboards [ Split Enz (1974-1984) -- session (notably Paul McCartney) -- Crowded House tour keyboardist -- The Makers (1990) -- Split Enz reunions ] Noel Crombie - Percussion, Drums [ Split Enz (1972-1984) -- Schnell Fenster (1986-1992) -- The Makers (1990) -- Split Enz reunions ] Nigel Griggs -- Bass [ Octopus (1968-1970) -- Carmen -- Steve Hillage's Khan -- Split Enz (1977-1984) -- Schnell Fenster (1986-1992) ] Malcolm Green -- Drums [ Love Affair -- The Honeycombs -- Octopus -- Split Enz (1976 ...
http://wn.com/Split_Enz_I_Got_You_1980
Ottawan - DISCO 1980
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Ottawan - DISCO 1980 DISCO DISCO DISCO She is disco She is D delirious She is I incredible She is S superficial She is C complicated She is O oh, oh, oh She is D desirable She is I irresistible She is S super sexy She is C such a cute She is O oh, oh,...
http://wn.com/Ottawan_DISCO_1980
David Bowie-Ashes To Ashes-1980
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
1980 Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps) March 27 - The Silver Thursday market crash occurs. April 26 - Louise and Charmian Faulkner disappear from outside their flat in St Kilda, Victoria, Australia May 9 - In Florida, a Liberian freighter named the Summit Venture hits the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay, sending 35 people (most of whom were in a bus) to a watery death as a 1400-foot section of the bridge collapses.
http://wn.com/David_Bowie-Ashes_To_Ashes-1980
Sailing by Christopher Cross in 1980
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Christopher Cross performing his number one hit "Sailing" live in 1980
http://wn.com/Sailing_by_Christopher_Cross_in_1980
Top 10 Television Sitcoms of the 1980's
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:43
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
It was a decade filled with lovable characters, insane situations and outrageous laughs. Join www.WatchMojo.com as we count down the Top 10 Sitcoms of the 1980's.
http://wn.com/Top_10_Television_Sitcoms_of_the_1980's
1980s Music Video Mash Remix
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:43
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
50+ Videos from the 80's all in one megamix.
http://wn.com/1980s_Music_Video_Mash_Remix
ABBA-The Winner Takes It All Live 1980
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Agnetha turns in a stellar performance of what had to be a heart wrenching song for her to sing.
http://wn.com/ABBA-The_Winner_Takes_It_All_Live_1980
Eurovision 1980 - Johnny Logan - What's another year
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
Eurovision 1980 - Johnny Logan - What's another year
http://wn.com/Eurovision_1980_Johnny_Logan_What's_another_year
John Lennon Shot BBC NEWS 1980
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Evening News
http://wn.com/John_Lennon_Shot_BBC_NEWS_1980
Kids of Today vs 1980's Technology (HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Kids of today meet the toys of yesterday. Can today's Kids figure out the Technology of the 1980's? Edited by Jeremy Auten PS This was a fun story about the differences between the Past and Present. Please be kind with your comments. It was just for fun. I hope it makes you smile or laugh. Enjoy.
http://wn.com/Kids_of_Today_vs_1980's_Technology_HD
DONNA SUMMER - HOT STUFF (1980)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
NEWS: www.donna-tribute.com DS WEBSITE donnasummer.com
http://wn.com/DONNA_SUMMER_HOT_STUFF_1980
Andy Kaufman on Letterman (June 24th 1980)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:43
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Andy appearing on Letterman's show for the second time. This is the day after his first appearance on the same morning show.
http://wn.com/Andy_Kaufman_on_Letterman_June_24th_1980
1980's TV Cartoons
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
a collection of some of my favourites TV cartoons back in the 80's when i was growing up.
http://wn.com/1980's_TV_Cartoons
rehab-1980
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
1980 by Rehab. Enjoy!
http://wn.com/rehab-1980
The B-52's - Private Idaho (1980)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
American group The B-52's were very popular in Australia throughout the 80s & early 90s. Private Idaho was their second Top 10 song in 1980 ... following the smash hit "Rock Lobster". This is the promo video for Private Idaho from their 1980 Album "Wild Planet" ... Rock Lobster was from their 1979 Album "The B-52's". In mid 1980 they appeared on Countdown in Australia ... performing both these songs.
http://wn.com/The_B-52's_Private_Idaho_1980
Rehab - 1980 Lyrics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
No Copyright Intended. Comment, rate, subscribe and request :]
http://wn.com/Rehab_1980_Lyrics
godzilla by blue oyster cult NY 1980
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:44
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
rock and roll by blue oyster cult
http://wn.com/godzilla_by_blue_oyster_cult_NY_1980
Fame (1980)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 133:34
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Seven classes a day and a hot lunch. That's what New York City's High School for the Performing Arts guarantees. Stardom? That's something the school's teenage musicians, actors, dancers and dreamers strive for. Fame sings the body electric, celebrating the growing-up process of honing talent, confronting realities, finding love, living life. Director Alan Parker (Evita, The Commitments) brings an energetic style to the crisscrossing stories of students (including future Academy AwardO winner+ Irene Cara, Paul McCrane (ER), Barry Miller (Saturday Night Fever) and two who returned in the later TV series, Gene Anthony Ray and Lee Curreri). Nominated for six Academy AwardsO, Fame won OscarsO for its dynamic score and title tune.* MPAA Rating: R (c) 1980 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved.
http://wn.com/Fame_1980
1980 gymnastics comedy Paul Hunt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
US gymnast Paul Hunt performs a comedy floor routine at the 1980 US Gymnastics Championships.
http://wn.com/1980_gymnastics_comedy_Paul_Hunt
OSTR "1980"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
video clip from OSTR's "Ja tu tylko sprzatam" album (release 22 Feb 2008). ostr.asfalt.pl
http://wn.com/OSTR_1980
Photo: AP / Salisu Rabiu
01 Nov 2012
Nigerian security forces have carried out widespread abuses in their campaign against the Islamist militant group Boko Haram, . The rights group says in a report that abuses include extrajudicial...
Photo: AP / Syrian Observatory for Human Rights via AP video
02 Nov 2012
GENEVA (Reuters) - A video that appears to show Syrian rebels killing soldiers who had surrendered probably constitutes a war crime that should be prosecuted, the United Nations human rights office...
Photo: AP / Mike Groll
31 Oct 2012
TEHRAN — Iranian rescuers and aid workers are on standby to fly to New York City to provide assistance to those affected by Hurricane Sandy, the head of Iran’s Red Crescent Organization...
Photo: USAF / Master Sgt. Mark C. Olsen
02 Nov 2012
NEW YORK (Reuters) - From New York City's Staten Island to the popular beach towns of the Jersey Shore, rescuers and officials on Friday faced growing evidence of widespread destruction wrought by...
Photo: AP / Shaam News Network via AP video
01 Nov 2012
Syrian warplanes fired missiles at opposition strongholds around Damascus and in the north as Turkey, a key backer of the anti-regime rebels, appeared to distance itself from an earlier call to impose...
Phase 3 Sensipar®/Mimpara® EVOLVE™ Trial Published In The New England Journal Of Medicine
03 Nov 2012
StreetInsider
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The Political Speechwriter’s Life
03 Nov 2012
The New York Times
Draft is a series about the art and craft of writing. Tags: political speech, speeches, United States Politics and Government, Writing Kurt Vonnegut once wrote that “only nut cases want to be president.” But he helped me become a White House speechwriter. In 1965, Vonnegut was my adviser at the...(size: 15.3Kb)
Races for president, Senate, AG top Pa. ballot
03 Nov 2012
Houston Chronicle
PETER JACKSON, Associated Press | November 3, 2012 | Updated: November 3, 2012 2:24pm Comments (0) E-mail Print...(size: 17.7Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
Nigella Lawson has spoken of her unconventional childhood and her "funny but depressed" mother Nigella Lawson Photo: REX FEATURES By Roya Nikkhah, Arts Correspondent 2:26PM GMT 03 Nov 2012...(size: 14.1Kb)
Kwentong kalibugan
03 Nov 2012
IMC
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Han Suyin: writer, goodwill ambassador
03 Nov 2012
The Hindu
Han Suyin (95), a Chinese-Belgian British writer who emerged as among the most powerful voices serving as a bridge between China and the West in the 20th century and later became an ambassador for China-India relations after her marriage to an Indian colonel, died in Lausanne, Switzerland on Friday,...(size: 3.1Kb)
Huffington Post
GOP presidential nominee Mitt Romney's campaign released what it called a TV commercial on Saturday morning hitting President Barack Obama for an offhand comment he made about "revenge" on the campaign trail yesterday....(size: 11.1Kb)
Huffington Post
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03 Nov 2012
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Obama, Romney planvisits here before Tuesday
03 Nov 2012
Palm Beach Post
After more than a year and a half of campaigning, $2 billion in spending and more than 1 million TV ads, the 2012 presidential race comes down to its final 48 hours and a battle for Florida and perhaps nine other swing states. The race also comes down to the economy — consistently rated the...(size: 6.5Kb)
MSNBC
JUBA (Reuters) - South Sudan could resume producing up to 230,000 barrels per day (bpd) of oil within a month, its oil minister said on Saturday, after a nine-month shutdown that has battered the country's economy. The landlocked African producer, which seceded from Sudan last year, shut down its...(size: 17.9Kb)
Presidential Candidates Differ in Response About Equal Rights For Women, Says ERA Task Force
03 Nov 2012
Yahoo Daily News
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Huffington Post
Roxanne Rubin, a registered Republican from Henderson, Nev., was arrested Friday on a felony charge of attempting to vote twice in the same election....(size: 8.9Kb)
This article is about the year 1980. For other uses, see 1980 (disambiguation).
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century |
| Decades: | 1950s 1960s 1970s – 1980s – 1990s 2000s 2010s |
| Years: | 1977 1978 1979 – 1980 – 1981 1982 1983 |
| 1980 by topic: |
| Subject |
| By country |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works and introductions categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 1980 MCMLXXX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2733 |
| Armenian calendar | 1429 ԹՎ ՌՆԻԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6730 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 136–137 |
| Bengali calendar | 1387 |
| Berber calendar | 2930 |
| British Regnal year | 28 Eliz. 2 – 29 Eliz. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2524 |
| Burmese calendar | 1342 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7488–7489 |
| Chinese calendar | 己未年十一月十四日 (4616/4676-11-14) — to —
庚申年十一月廿五日(4617/4677-11-25) |
| Coptic calendar | 1696–1697 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1972–1973 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5740–5741 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2036–2037 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1902–1903 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5081–5082 |
| Holocene calendar | 11980 |
| Iranian calendar | 1358–1359 |
| Islamic calendar | 1400–1401 |
| Japanese calendar | Shōwa 55 (昭和55年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4313 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 69 民國69年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2523 |
| Unix time | 315532800–347155199 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1980 |
1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year that started on a Tuesday (link will display the 1980 Gregorian calendar). It is the 1980th year of the Common Era, or A.D.; the 980th year of the 2nd millennium; the 80th year of the 20th century; and the 1st year of the 1980s decade.
Events[link]
January[link]
- January 1 – Changes to the Swedish Act of Succession make Princess Victoria of Sweden first in line to the throne ("heir apparent") and therefore Crown Princess, ahead of her younger brother.
- January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission.
- January 6
- Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC.
- The president of Sicily, Piersanti Mattarella, is killed by the Mafia.
- January 7 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs legislation approving $1.5 billion in loan guarantees to bail out the Chrysler Corporation.
- January 9 – In Saudi Arabia, 63 Muslim fanatics are beheaded for their part in the siege of the Great Mosque in Mecca in November, 1979.
- January 11 – Nigel Short, 14, becomes the youngest chess player to be awarded the degree of International Master.
- January 20 – Cuba recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
- January 21
- The London Gold Fixing hits its highest price ever (adjusted for inflation), at US$850 a troy ounce.[clarification needed]
- The MS Athina B is beached at Brighton, becoming a temporary tourist attraction.
- At least 200 people were killed when the Corralejas Bullring collapsed at Sincelejo, Colombia.
- January 22 – Andrei Sakharov, Soviet scientist and human rights activist, is arrested in Moscow.
- January 24 – The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad is ordered liquidated due to bankruptcy, and debt owed to creditors.
- January 26 – Israel and Egypt establish diplomatic relations.[1]
- January 27 – Canadian caper: Six United States diplomats, posing as Canadians, manage to escape from Tehran, Iran as they board a flight to Zürich, Switzerland.
- January 31 – The Spanish Embassy in Guatemala is invaded and set on fire, killing 36 people. It is called "Spain's own Tehran", similar to the 1979–80 Iran American U.S. Embassy Hostages of Americans.
February[link]
- February 2 – Abscam: FBI personnel target members of the Congress of the United States in a sting operation.[citation needed]
- February 2–February 3 – The New Mexico State Penitentiary Riot takes place; 33 inmates are killed and more than 100 inmates injured.
- February 4 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini names Abolhassan Banisadr as president of Iran.
- February 13 – The 1980 Winter Olympics open in Lake Placid, New York.
- February 15 – In Vanuatu, followers of John Frum's cargo cult on the island of Tanna declare secession as the nation of Tafea.
- February 16 – A total solar eclipse seen in North Africa and West Asia.
- February 22 – The United States Olympic Hockey Team defeats the Soviet Union in the semifinals of the Winter Olympics, in the Miracle on Ice.
- February 23 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament will decide the fate of the American embassy hostages.
- February 25 – A coup in Suriname ousts the government of Henck Arron; leaders Desi Bouterse and Roy Horb replace it with a National Military Council.
- February 27
- M-19 guerrillas begin the Dominican embassy siege in Colombia, holding 60 people hostage, including 14 ambassadors.
- Iran recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
March[link]
- March 1
- The Commonwealth Trade Union Council is established.
- The Voyager 1 probe confirms the existence of Janus, a moon of Saturn.
- March 3 – Pierre Trudeau returns to office as Prime Minister of Canada.
- March 4 – Robert Mugabe is elected Prime Minister of Zimbabwe.
- March 8 – The Soviet Union's first rock music festival starts.
- March 14 – In Poland, a plane crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw, killing a 14-man American boxing team and 73 others.
- March 18 – Fifty people are killed at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia, when a Vostok-2M rocket explodes on its launch pad during a fueling operation.
- March 20 – The Mi Amigo, the ship that housed pirate radio station Radio Caroline, sinks (Radio Caroline returns aboard a new ship in 1983).
- March 21
- U.S. President Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
- Mafioso Angelo Bruno is murdered in Philadelphia.
- March 22 – The Georgia Guidestones are erected in Elbert County, Georgia.
- March 24
- The Australia Olympic Committee announces it will send an Olympic delegation to Moscow, despite objections by Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser.
- Archbishop Óscar Romero is killed by gunmen while celebrating Mass in San Salvador. At his funeral 6 days later, 42 people are killed amid gunfire and bombs.
- March 26 – A mine lift cage at the Vaal Reef gold mine in South Africa falls 1.2 miles (1.9 kilometers), killing 23.
- March 27
- The Norwegian oil platform Alexander L. Kielland collapses in the North Sea, killing 123 of its crew of 212.
- The Silver Thursday market crash occurs.
- Sierra Leone recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
- March 28 – Talpiot Tomb is found in Jerusalem.
- March 31 – Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad operates its final train.
April[link]
- April 1
- The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) is formed in Lusaka, Zambia.
- The Mariel boatlift from Cuba begins.
- New York City's Transport Works Union Local 100 goes on strike, which continues for 11 days.
- April 2 – The St Pauls riot breaks out in Bristol.
- April 7 – The United States severs diplomatic relations with Iran and imposes economic sanctions, following the taking of American hostages on November 4, 1979.
- April 10 – Spain and the United Kingdom agree to reopen the border between Gibraltar and Spain, closed since 1969.
- April 12
- Samuel Kanyon Doe takes over Liberia in a coup d'état, ending over 130 years of democratic presidential succession in that country.
- Terry Fox begins his Marathon of Hope from St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada.
- April 14 – Iron Maiden's debut self titled album Iron Maiden is released.
- April 15 – Libya and Syria recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
- April 18 – Zimbabwe gains independence from the United Kingdom; Robert Mugabe becomes Prime Minister.
- April 21 – Rosie Ruiz wins the Boston Marathon, but is later exposed as a fraud and stripped of her award.
- April 24 – Pennsylvania Lottery Scandal: the Pennsylvania Lottery is rigged by 6 men including the host of the live TV drawing, Nick Perry.
- April 24–April 25 – Operation Eagle Claw, a commando mission in Iran to rescue American embassy hostages, is aborted after mechanical problems ground the rescue helicopters. Eight United States troops are killed in a mid-air collision during the failed operation.
- April 25 – Dan-Air Flight 1008 crashes in Tenerife, killing all 146 occupants and marking the worst air disaster involving a British-registered aircraft in terms of loss of life.
- April 26 – Louise and Charmian Faulkner disappear from outside their flat in St Kilda, Victoria, Australia.
- April 27 – The Dominican embassy siege ends with all hostages released and the guerrillas flying to Cuba.
- April 28 – Swaziland recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
- April 30
- Iranian Embassy Siege: Six Iranian-born terrorists take over the Iranian embassy in London, UK. SAS retakes the Embassy on May 5; 1 terrorist survives.
- Queen Juliana of the Netherlands abdicates, and her daughter Beatrix accedes to the throne.
May[link]
- May 4 – Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito dies. The funeral ceremony later becomes the world's biggest diplomatic meeting and media event ever, with more than 140 state delegations in Belgrade from all over the world (only the funeral of Pope John Paul II in April 2005 will have more news coverage and a higher number of delegations).
- May 7 – Paul Geidel, convicted of second-degree murder in 1911, is released from prison in Beacon, New York, after 68 years and 245 days (the longest-ever time served by an inmate).
- May 9
- In Florida, the Liberian freighter Summit Venture hits the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay. A 1,400-foot section of the bridge collapses and 35 people (most in a bus) are killed.
- The Norco shootout takes place in California.
- James Alexander George Smith "Jags" McCartney the Turks and Caicos Islands’ first Chief Minister, is killed in a plane crash over New Jersey.
- May 11 – Mobster Henry Hill is arrested for drug possession.
- May 14 – Botswana recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
- May 17
- A Tampa, Florida court acquits 4 white police officers of killing Arthur McDuffie, a black insurance executive, provoking 3 days of race riots in Miami.
- Internal conflict in Peru: On the eve of presidential elections, Maoist guerrilla group Shining Path attacks a polling location in the town of Chuschi, Ayacucho.
- May 18
- Mount St. Helens erupts in Washington, killing 57 and causing US$3 billion in damage.
- Ian Curtis, singer/songwriter of acclaimed post punk band Joy Division, is found hanged.
- May 18–May 27 – Gwangju Massacre: Students in Gwangju, South Korea begin demonstrations, calling for democratic reforms.
- May 20 – 1980 Quebec referendum: Voters in Quebec reject by a vote of 60% a proposal to seek independence from Canada.
- May 21 – Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back is released.
- May 22 – Pac-Man (the best-selling arcade game of all time) is released.
- May 24
- The International Court of Justice calls for the release of U.S. Embassy hostages in Tehran.
- The New York Islanders win their first Stanley Cup, from a goal by Bobby Nystrom in overtime of game six of the Stanley Cup playoffs's final round.
- May 25 – Indianapolis 500: Johnny Rutherford wins for a third time in car owner Jim Hall's revolutionary ground effect Chaparral car; the victory is Hall's second as an owner.
- May 26
- John Frum supporters in Vanuatu storm government offices on the island of Tanna. Vanuatu government troops land the next day and drive them away.
- In South Korea, military government forces and pro-democracy protesters clash; 2,000 protesters die.
- Vernon Jordan is shot and critically injured in an assassination attempt in Fort Wayne, Indiana by Joseph Paul Franklin (the first major news story for CNN).
June[link]
- June 1 – The Cable News Network (CNN) is officially launched.
- June 3 – A series of deadly tornadoes strikes Grand Island, Nebraska, causing over $300m in damage, killing 5 people and injuring over 250.
- June 9 – In Los Angeles, comedian Richard Pryor is badly burned trying to freebase cocaine.
- June 10
- Apartheid: The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a statement by their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.[2]
- A Unabomber bomb injures United Airlines president Percy Wood in Lake Forest, Illinois.
- June 20 – Augusta AVA becomes the first federally recognized American Viticultural Area.
- June 23–September 6 – The 1980 United States heat wave claims 1,700 lives.
- June 25 – A Muslim Brotherhood assassination attempt against Syrian president Hafez al-Assad fails. Assad retaliates by sending the army against them.
- June 26 – Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 crashes into the sea near Palermo after an explosion occurs in the air; 81 people die. A bomb or a missile is suspected to be the cause of the accident but no culprits are ever found.
- June 27 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs Proclamation 4771, requiring 18- to 25-year-old males to register for a peacetime military draft, in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
- June 29 – Vigdis Finnbogadottir is elected president of Iceland, making her the first woman democratically elected as head of state.
July[link]
- July 4 – Chad and Mali recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
- July 8 – A wave of strikes begins in Lublin, Poland
- July 9
- Pope John Paul II visits Brazil; 7 people are crushed to death in a crowd meeting him.
- Zimbabwe recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
- July 15 – A severe and destructive thunderstorm strikes 4 counties in western Wisconsin, including the city of Eau Claire. It causes over $250m in damage, and 1 person is killed.
- July 16 – Former California Governor and actor Ronald Reagan is nominated for U.S. President, at the Republican National Convention in Detroit, Michigan. Influenced by the Religious Right, the convention also drops its long standing support for the Equal Rights Amendment, dismaying moderate Republicans.
- July 19 – Former Turkish Prime Minister Nihat Erim is killed by 2 gunmen in Istanbul, Turkey.
- July 19–August 3 – The 1980 Summer Olympics are held in Moscow, Soviet Union.
- July 25 – The album Back in Black is released by the Australian band AC/DC.
- July 27 – Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, deposed Shah of Iran, dies in Cairo.
- July 30
- Vanuatu gains independence.
- Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law.
August[link]
- August 2 – A terrorist bombing at the railway station in Bologna, Italy kills 85 people and wounds more than 200.
- August 7–August 31 – Lech Wałęsa leads the first of many strikes at the Gdańsk Shipyard.
- August 10 – Hurricane Allen (category 3) pounds southeastern Texas.
- August 14 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter defeats Senator Edward Kennedy to win renomination, at the 1980 Democratic National Convention in New York City.
- August 17 – In Australia, baby Azaria Chamberlain disappears from a campsite at Ayers Rock (Uluru), reportedly taken by a dingo.
- August 19 – In one of aviation's worst disasters, 301 people are killed when Saudia Flight 163 catches fire in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- August 31 – Victory of the strike in Gdańsk Shipyard, Poland. Gdańsk Agreement is signed, opening a way to start the first in the communist block free organization not controlled by regime "Solidarność" i.e. Solidarity.
September[link]
- September 1 – Terry Fox is forced to end his Marathon of Hope run outside of Thunder Bay, Ontario, after finding that the cancer has spread to his lungs.
- September 2 – Ford Europe launches the Escort MK3, a new front-wheel drive hatchback.
- September 5 – The St. Gotthard Tunnel opens in Switzerland as the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.14 miles (16.32 km), stretching from Göschenen to Airolo.
- September 12 – Kenan Evren stages a military coup in Turkey. It stops political gang violence, but begins stronger state violence leading to the execution of many young activists.
- September 17
- After weeks of strikes at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland, the nationwide independent trade union Solidarity is established.
- Former Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza Debayle is killed in Asunción, Paraguay.
- September 21 – Bülent Ulusu, ex admiral, forms the new government of Turkey (44th government, composed mostly of technocrats)
- September 22
- The command council of Iraq orders its army to "deliver its fatal blow on Iranian military targets," initiating the Iran–Iraq War.
- Youth riots in the capital of the Soviet Republic of Estonia are quickly forced down.
- September 26 – The Mariel Boatlift officially ends.
- September 29 – The Washington Post publishes Janet Cooke's story of Jimmy, an 8-year-old heroin addict (later proven to be fabricated).
- September 30 – Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel and Xerox introduce the DIX standard for Ethernet, which is the first implementation outside of Xerox, and the first to support 10 Mbit/s speeds.
October[link]
- October 1 – Associated Newspapers announces that The Evening News will close and merge with the Evening Standard.
- October 1 – The main-belt asteroid 2404 Antarctica was discovered by Antonin Mrkos at Klet', South Bohemian Region, Czech Republic.
- October 5 – British Leyland launches its new Metro, a three-door entry-level hatchback which is designed as the eventual replacement for the Mini. It gives BL a long-awaited modern competitor for the likes of the Ford Fiesta and Vauxhall Chevette.
- October 10
- El Asnam, Algeria is destroyed by an earthquake, which claims more than 2,600 lives. After the quake, El Asnam is rebuilt and changes its name to the city of Chlef.
- British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher delivers her famous 'The lady's not for turning' speech.
- October 14 – The Staggers Rail Act is enacted, deregulating American railroads.
- October 15
- James Callaghan announces his resignation as Leader of the British Labour Party.
- James Hoskins forces his way into WCPO's television studio in Cincinnati, holding 9 employees hostage for several hours before releasing them and taking his own life.
- October 18 – The Fraser Government is re-elected for a third consecutive term in Australia with a reduced majority.
- October 21 – World Series: The Philadelphia Phillies beat the Kansas City Royals 4–2 in game 6.
- October 22 – The Thomson Corporation says that The Times and all associated supplements will close in March 1981 if no buyer can be found.
- October 25 – Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude at The Hague.
- October 27 – Six Provisional Irish Republican Army prisoners in Maze prison refuse food and demand status as political prisoners; the hunger strike lasts until December.
- October 30
- El Salvador and Honduras sign a peace treaty to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice.
- Costa Rica recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
- October 31
- The Polish government recognizes Solidarity.
- Reza Pahlavi, eldest son of the shah of Iran, proclaims himself the rightful successor to the Peacock Throne.
November[link]
- November – Duration of the CESDAP plan extended indefinitely.
- November 4 – United States presidential election, 1980: Republican challenger and former Governor Ronald Reagan of California defeats incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter, exactly 1 year after the beginning of the Iran hostage crisis.
- November 10 – November 12 – Voyager program: The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to Saturn, when it flies within 77,000 miles of the planet's cloud-tops and sends the first high resolution images of the world back to scientists on Earth.
- November 20
- The Gang of Four trial begins in China.
- A Texaco oil rig breaks through to a mine under Lake Peigneur.
- November 21
- A fire at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip kills 85 people.
- A then-record number of viewers (for an entertainment program) tune into the U.S. TV soap opera Dallas to learn who shot lead character J.R. Ewing. The "Who shot J.R.?" event is an international obsession.
- November 23 – Italy Earthquake of 1980: a magnitude 7 earthquake in southern Italy kills approximately 4,800 people and leaves 300,000 homeless.
- November 27 – Vanuatu recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
December[link]
- December 2 – American missionary Jean Donovan and three Roman Catholic nuns are murdered by a military death squad in El Salvador while volunteering to do charity work during the country's civil war.
- December 8 – John Lennon, an English musician and peace activist, is murdered in New York City.
- December 11 – CERCLA is enacted by the U.S. Congress.
- December 14- Four people were murdered at Bob's Big Boy on La Cienga Blvd. in Los Angeles and four others were injured by two armed robbers, in what was one of the city's brutalest crimes ever.
- December 15 – The Academia de la Llingua Asturiana (Academy of the Asturian Language) is created.
- December 16 – During a summit on the island of Bali, OPEC decides to raise the price of petroleum by 10%.
Date unknown[link]
- The Right Livelihood Award is founded by Jakob von Uexkull. Hassan Fathy and Plenty International / Stephen Gaskin are its first winners.
World population[link]
| World population | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 1975 | 1985 | |||||
 World |
4,434,682,000 | 4,068,109,000 |  366,573,000 |
4,830,979,000 | 396,297,000 |
||
 Africa |
469,618,000 | 408,160,000 | 61,458,000 |
541,814,000 | 72,196,000 |
||
 Asia |
2,632,335,000 | 2,397,512,000 | 234,823,000 |
2,887,552,000 | 255,217,000 |
||
 Europe |
692,431,000 | 675,542,000 | 16,889,000 |
706,009,000 | 13,578,000 |
||
|
361,401,000 | 321,906,000 | 39,495,000 |
401,469,000 | 40,068,000 |
||
|
256,068,000 | 243,425,000 | 12,643,000 |
269,456,000 | 13,388,000 |
||
 Oceania |
22,828,000 | 21,564,000 | 1,264,000 |
24,678,000 | 1,850,000 |
||
Births[link]
January[link]
- January 1
- Elin Nordegren, Swedish model
- Mark Nichols, Canadian curler
- January 8
- Adam Goodes, Australian rules footballer
- Rachel Nichols, American actress
- January 9 – Sergio García, Spanish golfer
- January 10 – Sarah Shahi, American actress of Iranian and Spanish descent
- January 11 – Lovieanne Jung, American softball player
- January 12 – Ameriie, American singer
- January 13 – LaKisha Jones, American singer
- January 14
- Ossama Haidar, Lebanese footballer
- Hiroshi Tamaki, Japanese actor, model, and singer
- Cory Gibbs, American footballer
- Sosuke Sumitani, Japanese announcer
- January 16
- Albert Pujols, Dominican Major League Baseball player
- Michelle Wild, Hungarian actress
- January 17
- Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Ukrainian dance champion, choreographer, and instructor
- Zooey Deschanel, American actress
- January 18
- Julius Peppers, American football player
- Jason Segel, American actor
- January 19
- Arvydas Macijauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
- Jenson Button, British racecar driver
- January 21 – Nana Mizuki, Japanese Voice Actress and Singer
- Kevin McKenna, Canadian footballer
- January 22 – Jake Grove, American football player
- January 24 – Nyncke Beekhuyzen, Dutch actress
- January 25
- Christian Olsson, Swedish athlete
- Xavi, Spanish footballer
- Michelle McCool, American professional wrestler
- January 27 – Marat Safin, Russian tennis player
- January 28 – Nick Carter, American pop singer (Backstreet Boys)
- January 29
- Yael Bar-Zohar, Israeli actress and model
- Jason James Richter, American actor
- January 30 – Wilmer Valderrama, Venezuelan/Colombian-American comedian
February[link]
- February 2
- Zhang Jingchu, Chinese actress
- Gucci Mane, American rapper (birthname Radric Davis)
- February 5
- Jo Swinson, British MP
- Robin Vik, Czech tennis player
- Paul DelVecchio, American reality show personality
- February 6
- Kim Poirier, Canadian actress
- Luke Ravenstahl, American mayor of Pittsburgh
- February 8 – Yang Wei, Chinese gymnast
- February 10
- César Izturis, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player
- Steve Tully, English footballer
- February 11 – Matthew Lawrence, American actor (Boy Meets World)
- February 12
- Juan Carlos Ferrero, Spanish tennis player
- Christina Ricci, American actress
- February 14 – Michelle Ye, Hong Kong actress
- February 15 – Conor Oberst, American singer/songwriter
- February 16 – Ashley Lelie, American football player
- February 17 – Jason Ritter, American actor
- February 18 – Regina Spektor, Russian-born American singer-songwriter
- February 19
- Mike Miller, American basketball player
- Ma Lin, Chinese table-tennis player
- February 20
- Imanol Harinordoquy, French rugby player
- Artur Boruc, Polish football (soccer) goalkeeper
- February 21
- Brad Fast, Canadian ice hockey player
- Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan
- February 24 – Emma Johnson, Australian swimmer
- February 25 – Chris and Christy Knowings, American actors
- February 26 – Júlio César da Silva e Souza, Brazilian footballer
- February 27 – Chelsea Clinton, daughter of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton
- February 28
- Tayshaun Prince, American basketball player
- Piotr Giza, Polish footballer
- February 29 – Simon Gagné, Canadian hockey player
March[link]
- March 2
- Chris Barker, English footballer
- Lance Cade, American professional wrestler (d. 2010)
- March 4
- Jung Da Bin, Korean actress (d. 2007)
- Omar Bravo, Mexican footballer
- Jack Hannahan, American baseball infielder
- March 7 – Laura Prepon, American actress
- March 13 – Caron Butler, American basketball player
- March 14 – Aaron Brown, English footballer
- March 16 – Todd Heap, American football player
- March 18 – Alexei Yagudin, Russian figure skater
- March 19
- Agnes Pihlava, Finnish pop singer
- Johan Olsson, Swedish cross country skier
- March 20 – Jamal Crawford, American basketball player
- March 21
- Marit Bjørgen, Norwegian cross-country skier
- Ronaldinho, Brazilian footballer
- March 23
- Russell Howard, English comedian
- Deryck Whibley, Canadian singer, songwriter, and musician (Sum 41)
- March 30 – Yalin, Turkish pop singer and songwriter
- March 31 – Chien-Ming Wang, Taiwanese Major League Baseball player
April[link]
- April 1
- Bijou Phillips, American actress and socialite
- Randal Keith Orton, American professional wrestler
- Yūko Takeuchi, Japanese actress
- April 4 – Björn Wirdheim, Swedish race car driver
- April 8 – Ben Freeman, British actor
- April 9
- Rachel Specter, American actress
- Arlen Escarpeta, Belizean actor
- April 10
- Sean Avery, Canadian ice hockey player
- Kasey Kahne, American race car driver
- Charlie Hunnam, English actor
- April 11 – Mark Teixeira, American baseball player
- April 12 – Brian McFadden, Irish rock singer (Westlife)
- April 15 – Natalie Casey, English actress
- April 16 – Paul London, American professional wrestler
- April 17
- Brenda Villa, American water polo player
- Lee Hyun-il, South Korean badminton player
- Alaina Huffman, Canadian film and television actress
- April 18 – Justin Amash, U.S. Representative
- April 20 – Jasmin Wagner, German singer
- April 21
- Tony Romo, American football player
- Vincent Lecavalier, Canadian hockey player
- April 22 – Nicolas Douchez, French footballer
- April 24
- Austin Nichols, American actor
- Karen Asrian, Armenian chess Grandmaster (d. 2008)
- April 25 – Kazuhito Tadano, Japanese baseball player
- April 26
- Jordana Brewster, American actress
- Stana Katic, American film actress
- Marlon King, Jamaican footballer
- Channing Tatum, American actor and model
- April 27 – Zayed Khan, Indian actor
- April 28 – Josh Howard, American Basketball player
- April 29 – Kian Egan, Irish singer (Westlife)
- April 30 – Luis Scola, Argentine basketball player
May[link]
- May 2
- Tim Borowski, German footballer
- Ellie Kemper, American actress
- Zat Knight, English footballer
- May 3 – Marcel Vigneron, American chef
- May 5 – Maia Hirasawa, Swedish pop singer
- May 6
- Taebin, Korean hip-hop artist (1TYM)
- Kelly van der Veer, Dutch reality TV star
- Dimitris Diamantidis, Greek basketball player
- May 7 – Johan Kenkhuis, Dutch swimmer
- May 8 – Benny Yau, Canadian entertainer
- May 9
- Grant Hackett, Australian swimmer
- Norihiro Nishi, Japanese footballer
- May 10 – Pete Gray, Australian environmental activist (d. 2011)
- May 15 – Josh Beckett, American baseball player
- May 19 – Dean Heffernan, Australian footballer
- May 22 – Lucy Gordon, British actress (d. 2009)
- May 24 – Cecilia Cheung, Hong Kong actress
- May 28 –
- Mark Feehily, Irish singer (Westlife)
- Jørgen Strickert, Norwegian comedian
- May 29 – Michael Stasko, Canadian actor
- May 30 – Steven Gerrard, English footballer
June[link]
- June 1
- Oliver James, British actor
- Damien Fahey, American MTV VJ, television host, and drummer
- June 2 – Lindsey Yamasaki, Japanese-American basketball player
- June 5 – Mike Fisher, Canadian hockey player
- June 7 – Henkka Seppälä, Finnish bassist (Children of Bodom)
- June 10
- Francelino Matuzalem, Brazilian footballer
- Wang Yuegu, Singaporean Olympic table tennis player
- June 13
- Sarah Connor, German singer
- Juan Carlos Navarro, Spanish basketball player
- June 15 – Almudena Cid Spanish rhythmic gymnast
- June 16
- Brad Gushue, Canadian curler
- Joey Yung, Hong Kong singer
- June 17
- Kimeru, Japanese singer
- Venus Williams, American tennis player
- Jeph Jacques, American webcomic writer
- June 19 – Jason White, American football player
- June 22 – Ilya Bryzgalov, Russian ice hockey player
- June 23
- Ramnaresh Sarwan, West Indian cricketer
- Manus Boonjumnong, Thai boxer
- Francesca Schiavone, Italian tennis player
- Jessica Taylor, English singer (Liberty X)
- June 24
- Liane Balaban, Canadian actress
- Minka Kelly, American actress
- June 25 – Nozomi Takeuchi, Japanese actress
- June 26 – Michael Vick, American football player
- June 29
- Katherine Jenkins, Welsh soprano
- Martin Truex Jr, American race car driver
July[link]
- July 1 – Patrick Aufiero, American ice hockey player
- July 3
- Roland Mark Schoeman, South African swimmer
- Olivia Munn, American actress and model
- July 5 – Eva Green, French actress and model
- July 5 – Paul "DJ Pauly D" DelVecchio, American reality TV star
- July 6 – Pau Gasol, Spanish basketball player
- July 7 – Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
- July 8
- Robbie Keane, Irish footballer
- Yang Tae-Young, South Korean gymnast
- July 9 – Kathia Rodriguez, Puerto Rican actress
- July 10
- Adam Petty, American race car driver (d. 2000)
- Jessica Simpson, American singer
- James Rolfe, American director, actor and writer (on the Internet)
- July 15
- Jasper Pääkkönen, Finnish actor and film producer
- Reggie Abercrombie, American baseball player
- JW-Jones, Canadian blues musician
- July 16
- Adam Scott, Australian golfer
- Svetlana Feofanova, Russian pole-vaulter
- July 17 – Ryan Miller, American ice hockey goaltender
- July 18 – Kristen Bell, American actress
- July 19
- Mark Webber, American actor
- Michelle Heaton, English singer (Liberty X)
- July 20 – Gisele Bündchen, Brazilian supermodel
- July 22
- July 23 – Michelle Williams, American singer, actress, (Destiny's Child)
- July 25 – Rebeka Dremelj, Slovenian singer
- July 27 – Nick Nemeth, American professional wrestler
- July 28 – Noel Sullivan, Welsh singer (Hear'Say) and actor
- July 29 – Fernando González, Chilean tennis player
- July 30 – Diam's, French rapper
August[link]
.jpg)
- August 2 – Dingdong Dantes, Filipino Actor
- August 3 – Dominic Moore, Canadian ice hockey player
- August 5 – Wayne Bridge, English footballer
- August 9
- Charlie David, Canadian actor
- Dominic Tabuna, Nauruan politician
- August 10 – Pua Magasiva, Samoan actor
- August 11 – Monika Pyrek, Polish pole vaulter
- August 12 – Maggie Lawson, American actress
- August 14 – Roy Williams, American football player
- August 16 – Julien Absalon, French mountain biker
- August 17
- David Legwand, American ice hockey player
- Lene Marlin, Norwegian singer and musician
- August 18 – Damion Stewart, Jamaican footballer
- August 21 – Jon Lajoie, Canadian comedian
- August 23 – Rex Grossman, American football player
- August 24 – Rachael Carpani, Australian actress
- August 26
- Macaulay Culkin, American actor
- Chris Pine, American actor
- August 27 – Derrick Strait, American football player
- August 28 – Debra Lafave, American teacher
- August 29
- Nicholas Tse, Hong Kong singer
- David Desrosiers, bassist and backing vocalist for (Simple Plan)
September[link]
- September 2 – Dany Sabourin, French Canadian ice hockey goaltender
- September 3 – Jennie Finch, American softball player
- September 5 – Kevin Simm, English singer (Liberty X)
- September 6
- Joseph Yobo, Nigerian footballer
- Samuel Peter, Nigerian boxer & heavyweight champion
- Kerry Katona, English TV presenter and former pop star (Atomic Kitten)
- September 7
- Gabriel Milito, Argentine footballer
- Mark Prior, American baseball player
- September 8 – Eric Hutchinson, American singer-songwriter
- September 9 – Michelle Williams, American actress
- September 10 – Phoemela Baranda, Filipina model, actress and Entertainment news anchor
- September 11 – Mike Comrie, Canadian ice hockey player
- September 12
- Sean Burroughs, American baseball player
- Yao Ming, Chinese basketball player
- September 13
- Ben Savage, American actor (Boy Meets World)
- Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
- September 15 – Jolin Tsai, Taiwanese singer
- September 19 - Tegan and Sara Quin, Canadian singer/songwriters
- September 21
- Kareena Kapoor, Indian actress
- Autumn Reeser, American actress
- September 24 – Victoria Pendleton, English cyclist
- September 25 – T.I. (Clifford Harris), American rap artist, film and music producer, actor and author
- September 26 – Daniel and Henrik Sedin, Swedish ice hockey players
- September 29
- Patrick Agyemang, Ghanaian footballer
- Zachary Levi, American actor
- Dallas Green, Musician (Alexisonfire, City and Colour)
- September 30
- Martina Hingis, Swiss tennis player
- Guillermo Rigondeaux, Cuban boxer
- Emily Kokal, vocalist/guitarist of all-girl band Warpaint
October[link]
- October 3 – Danny O'Donoghue, Irish singer-songwriter (The Script)
- October 4
- Kristina Lenko, Canadian champion ice skater
- Tomáš Rosický, Czech footballer
- Me'Lisa Barber, American athlete
- October 5 – James Toseland, English motorcycle racer
- October 8
- Michael Mizanin, American professional wrestler
- Nick Cannon, American actor, comedian, rapper, entrepreneur, record producer, radio, and television personality
- October 10 – Sherine, Egyptian singer
- October 12
- Ledley King, English footballer
- Nadzeya Astapchuk, Belarusian athlete
- October 13 – Scott Parker, English footballer
- October 14
- Terrence McGee, American football player
- Ben Whishaw, English actor
- October 16
- Sue Bird, American basketball player
- Timana Tahu, Australian Rugby League player
- October 17 – Ekaterina Gamova, Russian volleyball player
- October 18 – Reetinder Sodhi, Indian cricket player
- October 21 – Kim Kardashian, American television personality
- October 24
- Monica Arnold, American singer
- Casey Wilson, American actress and comedienne
- October 28
- Alan Smith, English footballer
- Christy Hemme, American professional wrestler
November[link]
- November 4 – Sabrina Colie, Jamaican actress
- November 5 – Christoph Metzelder, German footballer
- November 7 – Gervasio Deferr, Spanish gymnast
- November 10 – Calvin Chen, Taiwanese pop singer
- November 11 – Willie Parker, American football player
- November 12 – Ryan Gosling, Canadian actor
- November 13 – Monique Coleman, American actress
- November 16 – Kayte Christensen, American basketball player
- November 17 – Isaac Hanson, American musician
- November 18
- Denny Hamlin, American race car driver
- Dustin Kensrue, Canadian Singer
- François Duval, Belgian rally driver
- Junichi Okada, Japanese singer
- Luke Chadwick, English footballer
- Mathew Baynton, English actor and writer
- Minori Chihara, Japanese voice actress and singer
- November 19 – Adele Silva, English actress and model
- November 21
- Hank Blalock, American baseball player
- Hiroyuki Tomita, Japanese gymnast
- Elaine Yiu, Hong Kong actress
- November 25
- John-Michael Liles, American hockey player
- Nick Swisher, American baseball player
- November 26 – Satoshi Ohno, Japanese singer
- November 28 – Lisa Middelhauve, German singer (Xandria)
December[link]
.jpg)
- December 1 – Joel A. Sutherland, Canadian author
- December 3
- Anna Chlumsky, American actress
- Jim Sorgi, American football player
- December 5
- Ibrahim Maalouf, Lebanese-born French trumpeter
- Shizuka Itou, Japanese Actor
- December 6
- Steve Lovell, English footballer
- Kei Yasuda, Japanese singer
- December 7 – John Terry, English footballer
- December 9 – Ryder Hesjedal, Canadian professional cyclist
- December 10
- Marina Orlova, Internet celebrity
- Sarah Chang, American violinist
- December 13
- Satoshi Tsumabuki, Japanese actor
- Bosco Wong, Hong Kong actor
- December 18 – Christina Aguilera, American singer
- December 19 – Jake Gyllenhaal, American actor
- December 20
- Ashley Cole, English footballer
- Fitz Hall, English footballer
- December 22 – Chris Carmack, American actor
- December 27 – Bernard Berrian, American football player
- December 30 – Eliza Dushku, American actress
- December 31 – Richie McCaw, New Zealand rugby player
Deaths[link]
January[link]
- January 1 – Adolph Deutsch, American composer (b. 1897)
- January 3 – Joy Adamson, Austrian-born conservationist and author (b. 1910)
- January 7 – Simone Mathieu, French tennis champion (b. 1908)
- January 8 – John Mauchly, American physicist and inventor (b. 1907)
- January 10 – George Meany, American labor leader (b. 1894)
- January 11 – Barbara Pym, English novelist (b. 1913)
- January 13 – Andre Kostelanetz, Russian-born conductor and arranger (b. 1901)
- January 17 – Barbara Britton, American actress (b. 1919)
- January 18 – Sir Cecil Beaton, English photographer (b. 1904)
- January 19 – William O. Douglas, American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1898)'
- January 21 – Georges Painvin, French cryptographer (b. 1886)
- January 24 – Lil Dagover, German actress (b. 1887)
- January 28 – Franco Evangelisti, Italian composer (b. 1926)
- January 29 – Jimmy Durante, American actor, singer, and comedian (b. 1893)
- January 30 – Professor Longhair, American musician (b. 1918)
February[link]
- February 2
- Hanna Rovina, Russian-born Israeli actress (b. 1889)
- William Howard Stein, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
- February 6 – Albert Kotin, American abstract expressionist painter (b. 1907)
- February 9 – Tom Macdonald, Welsh journalist and novelist (b. 1900)
- February 12 – Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (b. 1913)
- February 13 – David Janssen, American actor (b. 1931)
- February 14 – Luitkonwar Rudra Baruah, Assamese composer and actor
- February 17
- Jerry Fielding, American conductor and music director (b. 1922)
- Graham Sutherland, English artist (b. 1903)
- February 18 – Gale Robbins, American singer and actress (b. 1921)
- February 19 – Bon Scott, Scottish-born rock singer (AC/DC) (b. 1946)
- February 20
- Joseph Banks Rhine, American parapsychologist (b. 1895)
- Alice Longworth, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's daughter, wife of Nicholas Longworth (b. 1884)
- February 22 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian painter and poet (b. 1886)
- February 24 – Clement Martyn Doke, South African linguist (b. 1893)
- February 27 – George Tobias, American actor (b. 1901)
March[link]
- March 1
- Dixie Dean, English football player (b. 1907)
- Wilhelmina, Dutch-born American high-fashion model and owner of model agency (b. 1940)
- Daniil Khrabrovitsky, Soviet film director (b. 1923)
- March 5
- Jay Silverheels, Native American actor (b. 1912)
- Winifred Wagner, German daughter-in-law of Richard Wagner, close friend of Adolf Hitler (b. 1897)
- March 10 – Herman Tarnower, American doctor and murder victim (b. 1910)
- March 11 – Maud Hart Lovelace, American author (b. 1892)
- March 14
- Anna Jantar, Polish singer (b. 1950)
- Mohammad Hatta, Indonesia's first vice president (b. 1902)
- March 16 – Tamara de Lempicka, Polish-born painter (b. 1898)
- March 18
- Jessica Dragonette, American singer (b. 1900)
- Erich Fromm, German-born psychologist and philosopher (b. 1900)
- Louise Lovely, Australian actress (b. 1895)
- March 21 – Peter Stoner, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (b. 1888)
- March 24
- John Barrie, British actor (b. 1917)
- Pierre Etchebaster, French real tennis player (b. 1893)
- Oscar Romero, El Salvador Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1917)
- March 25
- Roland Barthes, French literary critic and writer (b. 1915)
- Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
- James Wright, American poet (b. 1927)
- Milton H. Erickson, American psychiatrist (b.1901)
- March 28 – Dick Haymes, Argentine actor and singer (b. 1916)
- March 29 – Mantovani, Italian-born conductor and arranger (b. 1905)
- March 31
- Vladimír Holan, Czech poet (b. 1905)
- Jesse Owens, African-American athlete (b. 1913)
April[link]
- April 4 – Red Sovine, American country & folk singer & songwriter (b. 1917)
- April 6 – John Collier, English writer (b. 1901)
- April 10 – Kay Medford, American actress (b. 1914)
- April 11 – Ümit Kaftancıoğlu, Turkish writer (b. 1935)
- April 12 – Clark McConachy, New Zealand snooker and billiards player (b. 1895)
- April 15
- Raymond Bailey, American actor (b. 1904)
- Marshall Reed, American film and television actor (b. 1917)
- Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
- April 19 – Tony Beckley, English character actor (b. 1927)
- April 20 – Katherine Kennicott Davis, American composer (b. 1892)
- April 21 – Sohrab Sepehri, Persian poet and painter (b. 1928)
- April 22 – Jane Froman, American singer and actress (b. 1907)
- April 24 – Alejo Carpentier, Cuban writer (b. 1904)
- April 26 – Cicely Courtneidge, British actress (b. 1893)
- April 27 – John Culshaw, British recording producer and musicologist (b. 1924)
- April 29 – Alfred Hitchcock, British suspense film director (b. 1899)
- April 30 – Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician (b. 1898)
May[link]
- May 2 – George Pal, Hungarian-born animator and producer (b. 1904)
- May 4
- Kay Hammond, English actress (b. 1909)
- Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (b. 1892)
- May 5 – Isabel Briggs Myers, American psychological theorist and co-creator of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (b. 1897)
- May 8 – Geoffrey Baker, English field marshal (b. 1912)
- May 12 – Lillian Roth, American actress (b. 1910)
- May 14 – Hugh Griffith, Welsh actor (b. 1912)
- May 16 – Marin Preda, Romanian writer (b. 1922)
- May 18
- David A. Johnston, American volcanologist (b. 1949)
- Ian Curtis, British musician and singer (Joy Division) (b. 1956)
- May 21 – Ida Kaminska, Polish actress (b. 1899)
- May 28 – Rolf Nevanlinna, Finnish mathematician (b. 1895)
June[link]
- June 1 – Rube Marquard, American baseball player (b. 1886)
- June 7
- Henry Miller, American writer (b. 1891)
- Elizabeth Craig, British chef and writer (b. 1883)
- Philip Guston, American painter (b. 1912)
- June 12
- Masayoshi Ohira, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1910)
- Billy Butlin, South African–born Canadian founder of Butlins Holiday Camps (b. 1899)
- Milburn Stone, American actor (b. 1904)
- June 13 – Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure (b. 1942)
- June 20 – Amy Key Clarke, English mystical poet (b. 1892)
- June 21 – Bert Kaempfert, German orchestra leader and songwriter (b. 1923)
- June 23
- Clyfford Still, American painter (b. 1904)
- John Laurie, British actor (b. 1897)
- Sanjay Gandhi, Indian son of Indira Gandhi (air crash) (b. 1946)
- June 24 – Boris Kaufman, Russian cinematographer (b. 1897)
- June 27 – Carey McWilliams, American author, editor, and lawyer (b. 1905)
- June 28 – José Iturbi, Spanish conductor and musician (b. 1895)
July[link]
- July – Robert Brackman, American painter (b. 1898)
- July 1 – C. P. Snow, British physicist and novelist (b. 1905)
- July 4 – Gregory Bateson, British anthropologist, anthropologist, social scientist, linguist, semiotician and cyberneticist (b. 1904)
- July 6 – Gail Patrick, American actress (b. 1911)
- July 7
- Reginald Gardiner, English actor (b. 1903)
- Dore Schary, American film writer, director, and producer (b. 1905)
- July 9 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian writer, poet and diplomat (b. 1913)
- July 15 – Ben Selvin, American orchestra leader & recording artist (b. 1898)
- July 17
- Don "Red" Barry, American actor (b. 1912)
- Boris Delaunay, Russian mathematician (b. 1890)
- July 23 – Keith Godchaux, American musician of the band The Grateful Dead (b. 1948)
- July 24
- Uttam Kumar (Arun Kumar Chatterjee), Bengali actor (b. 1926)
- Peter Sellers, English comedian and actor (b. 1925)
- July 25 – Vladimir Vysotsky, Russian singer-songwriter, poet, actor (b. 1938)
- July 26
- Allen Hoskins, American actor (b. 1920)
- Kenneth Tynan, English theatre critic (b. 1927)
- July 27 – Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (b. 1919)
- July 31
- Pascual Jordan, German physicist (b. 1902)
- Mohammed Rafi, Indian singer (b. 1924)
- Bobby Van, American actor (b. 1928)
August[link]
- August 1 – Patrick Depailler, French racing driver (b. 1944)
- August 2 – Donald Ogden Stewart, American writer (b. 1894)
- August 7 – Jackie Cochran, American pilot (b. 1906)
- August 9 – Elliott Nugent, American actor (b. 1896)
- August 10 – Yahya Khan, President of Pakistan (b. 1917)
- August 14 – Dorothy Stratten, Canadian model (murdered) (b. 1960)
- August 19 – Otto Frank, German father of Jewish diarist Anne Frank (b. 1889)
- August 20 – Joe Dassin, French singer (b. 1938)
- August 22 – Norman Shelley, British actor (b. 1903)
- August 24 – Yootha Joyce, British actress (b. 1927)
- August 25 – Gower Champion, American theatre director, choreographer, and dancer (b. 1919)
- August 26
- Tex Avery, American cartoonist (b. 1908)
- Miliza Korjus, Estonian-Polish opera singer (b. 1909)
September[link]
- September 3
- Barbara O'Neil, American actress (b. 1909)
- Dirch Passer, Danish actor (b. 1926)
- Duncan Renaldo, American actor (b. 1904)
- September 8 – Willard Libby, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908)
- September 12 – Lillian Randolph, American actress (b. 1898)
- September 15 – Bill Evans, American jazz pianist (b. 1929)
- September 16 – Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (b. 1896)
- September 17 – Anastasio Somoza Debayle, former President of Nicaragua (b. 1925)
- September 18 – Katherine Anne Porter, American author (b. 1890)
- September 19 – Sol Lesser, American film producer (b. 1890)
- September 25
- John Bonham, British rock drummer (Led Zeppelin) (b. 1948)
- Lewis Milestone, American film director (b. 1895)
- Marie Under, Estonian poet (b. 1883)
October[link]
- October 6 – Hattie Jacques, British actress (b. 1922)
- October 7 – Sydney Gordon Russell, English designer and craftsman (b. 1892)
- October 10 – Billie Thomas, American actor (Buckwheat, Our Gang) (b. 1931)
- October 20 – Lady Isobel Barnett, British television personality (b. 1918)
- October 21 – Hans Asperger, Austrian pediatrician after whom Asperger syndrome was named (b. 1906)
- October 25
- Sahir Ludhianvi, Urdu/Hindustani poet and Hindi film lyricist (b. 1921)
- Virgil Fox, American organist (b. 1912)
- Victor Galindez, Argentine boxer (race car accident) (b. 1948)
- October 27
- Steve Peregrin Took, British rock musician (T. Rex) (b. 1949)
- John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
November[link]
- November 4
- Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer (b. 1904)
- Johnny Owen, Welsh professional boxer (b. 1956)
- November 7 – Steve McQueen, American actor (b. 1930)
- November 9
- Gloria Guinness, Mexican-born American fashion icon (b. 1912)
- Carmel Myers, American actress (b. 1899)
- Victor Sen Yung, American actor (b. 1915)
- November 16 – Boris Aronson, Russian set designer (b. 1898)
- November 18 – Conn Smythe, Canadian NHL coach (b. 1895)
- November 20 – John McEwen, 18th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1900)
- November 22
- Norah McGuinness, Northern Irish painter and illustrator (b. 1901)
- Mae West, American actress (b. 1893)
- November 24 – George Raft, American actor (b. 1901)
- November 26 – Rachel Roberts, British actress (b. 1927)
- November 27 – F. Burrall Hoffman, American architect (b. 1882)
- November 29
- Dorothy Day, American social progressive (b. 1897)
- Babe London, American actress and comedian (b. 1901)
December[link]
- December 2 – Romain Gary, Lithuanian-born writer (b. 1914)
- December 3 – Sir Oswald Mosley, British fascist leader (b. 1896)
- December 4
- Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1934)
- Stanislawa Walasiewicz, Polish-born runner (b. 1911)
- December 7 – Darby Crash, American rock songwriter, singer (The Germs) (b. 1958)
- December 8 – John Lennon, British singer, songwriter, and guitarist (The Beatles) (b. 1940)
- December 16
- Colonel Sanders, American fast food entrepreneur (b. 1890)
- Hellmuth Walter, German engineer and inventor (b. 1900)
- December 18 – Alexei Kosygin, Russian politician, Premier of the Soviet Union (b. 1904)
- December 21 – Marc Connelly, American playwright (b. 1890)
- December 23 – Frank Norman, English novelist, playwright and autobiographer (b. 1930)
- December 24
- Karl Dönitz, German admiral and briefly President of Germany (b. 1891)
- Siggie Nordstrom, American model, actress, entertainer, socialite and lead singer (The Nordstrom Sisters) (b. 1893)
- December 25 – Victoria Drummond, first woman marine engineer in Britain (b. 1894)
- December 26 – Richard Chase, American serial killer (b. 1950)
- December 28 – Sam Levene, American actor (b. 1905)
- December 29 – Tim Hardin, American musician (b. 1941)
- December 31
- Raoul Walsh, American film director (b. 1887)
- Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author and professor (b. 1911)
Nobel Prizes[link]
- Physics – James Watson Cronin, Val Logsdon Fitch
- Chemistry – Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger
- Medicine – Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell
- Literature – Czesław Miłosz
- Peace – Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
- Economics – Lawrence Klein
Templeton Prize[link]
References[link]
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"Dirt Nasty" redirects here. For the album, see Dirt Nasty (album).
 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (September 2009) |
| Simon Rex | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Simon Rex Cutright (1974-07-20) July 20, 1974 (age 37) San Francisco, California |
| Occupation | Actor, Comedian, TV host, Recording Artist, Rapper |
| Years active | 1992–present |
| Website | |
| www.dirtnastymusic.com | |
Simon Rex (born July 20, 1974)[1] is an American actor, comedian, television host and recording artist. He is known for starring as Jeff Campbell in What I Like About You, during the first season.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Rex was born Simon Rex Cutright in San Francisco, California, and is the only child of Paul and Zoe Cutright, a relationship coach and an environmental consultant.[citation needed]
Career[link]
Adult Films[link]
In 1993, at age 19, he appeared solo in scenes for three masturbation porn films, Young, Hard & Solo II; Young, Hard & Solo III; and Hot Sessions III.[2]
Acting[link]
In 1995, MTV hired Rex to work as a VJ and kept him on the air for over two years.[3] After being let go by MTV during an update to its VJ line-up, and after his adult video work became more widely known, his notability and popularity increased.
He was once featured on an episode of MTV Cribs.
Rex began to pursue mainstream acting and in 1999 was cast in the television show Jack & Jill, which ran for two seasons. He appeared as "Eli" in the TV show Felicity and television guest appearances followed including Baywatch, Everwood, and Summerland. In 2002, the pilot for the show What I Like About You was picked up by The WB, which now has become The CW. Rex starred in the first season. He later appeared on the Lifetime show, Monarch Cove which ran for 11 episodes in 2006. He also co-produced a pilot for a show called Rex, with supporting roles performed by Paris Hilton, Lance Bass and Jaime Pressley.
Rex has appeared in The Forsaken, Scary Movie 3, Scary Movie 4 and The Karate Dog. He also starred in National Lampoon's Pledge This! with Paris Hilton.
Music[link]
Rex entered the music industry as a rap artist after becoming friends with Mickey Avalon. Rex adopted the stage name "Dirt Nasty" and formed the rap group, Dyslexic Speedreaders, along with Mickey Avalon, Andre Legacy, and Beardo. Rex often toured with the group and collaborated to create the Shoot To Kill mixtape. The group ended abruptly, as Mickey Avalon left due to personal problems involving Rex and Andre Legacy. Rex still remains close to Andre Legacy and Beardo. He also collaborates with other artists such as Andy Milonakis and Rich Hil. In 2007, he released his self titled debut album. Rex appeared on Paris Hilton's My New BFF in his "Dirt Nasty" persona and in Kesha's video for her song "Tik Tok". He appeared in the LMFAO music video for "Yes" and "Sexy and I Know It" . He rapped at the conclusion of Charlie Sheen's "Torpedo of Truth" show in Detroit but did not perform at the show's second presentation in Chicago the next day.[4]
In 2011, Rex performed at The Piano Room, a Kings Cross nightclub in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Rex was involved in a minor incident at the nightclub, jointly owned by John Ibrahim and investors, including Kyle Sandilands, where a customer allegedly took a microphone from Rex and assaulted him. It was alleged that Rex, in self-defense, punched the man, and was defended by associates of the Bra Boys.[5] In November 2011 Rex performed as Dirt Nasty with KC rapper Mac Lethal at the Mosaic night club in KCMO entertainment district.
Currently, he is a member of the rap trio Three Loco, along with Andy Milonakis, previously known for The Andy Milonakis Show, and Riff Raff of MTV's From G's to Gents fame. He is credited under his Dirt Nasty persona.[6]
Business ventures[link]
Rex was a co-owner of the NYC nightclub Plumm with partners Noel Ashman, Samantha Ronson, Chris Noth, and others. However, Plumm is now closed. [7]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | Young, Hard & Solo #2 | Sebastian | Adult film |
| Young, Hard & Solo #3 | Sebastian | Brad Posey's | |
| 1994 | Hot Sessions 3 | Sebastian | 97 AVN Awards Winner |
| 1996 | Baywatch | Himself | TV series - 1 episode |
| 1998 | Snapped | Himself | |
| 1999 | Katie Joplin | Tiger French | TV series |
| Felicity | Eli | TV series - 4 episodes | |
| Jack & Jill | Michael 'Mikey' Russo | TV series - 32 episodes | |
| 2000 | Hot Sessions 11 | Sebastian | Adult film - archive footage |
| Hot Sessions 12 | Sebastian | Adult film - archive footage | |
| Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth | Slab O'Beef | ||
| 2001 | Drum Solo | Blondie | |
| Going Greek | Thompson | ||
| The Forsaken | Pen | ||
| 2002 | What I Like About You | Jeff Campbell | 1 season - 22 episodes |
| 2003 | Scary Movie 3 | George Logan | Lead Role |
| 2004 | The Karate Dog | Det. Peter Fowler | |
| Summerland | Sun | TV series - 2 episodes | |
| She Wants to Move | Hot Guy | Music video by N*E*R*D | |
| 2005 | Cuts | Harrison | TV series - 2 episodes |
| Everwood | Cliff Fenton | TV series - 1 episode | |
| 2006 | Mindy and Brenda | Josh | TV movie |
| Scary Movie 4 | George Logan | Cameo | |
| Pledge This! | Derek | ||
| Monarch Cove | Eddie Lucas | TV series - 14 episodes | |
| Rise: Blood Hunter | Hank | ||
| 2008 | Hotel California | Pete | |
| Superhero Movie | Human Torch | ||
| 2009 | 2 Dudes and a Dream | Dirt Nasty | |
| Silver Street | John | ||
| Rex | Simon | TV movie | |
| The Truth About Angels | Kane Connor | ||
| Sonny Dreamweaver | Hunter | ||
| TiK ToK | Barry | Music video by Kesha | |
| 2010 | Slightly Single in L.A. | J.P. Cipoletti | post-production |
| Boy Toy | Clive | post-production | |
| King of the Avenue | Taz | post-production | |
| Yes | Dirt Nasty | Music Video by LMFAO | |
| Nick Swardson's Pretend Time | Brian | TV Series - 1 episode | |
| 2011 | Sexy and I Know It | Bicycle Man | Music Video by LMFAO |
Discography[link]
- Catching Up to Wilt (with Mickey Avalon, Andre Legacy, and Beardo) (2004)
- Dirt Nasty (2007)
- Shoot to Kill (with Mickey Avalon, Andre Legacy, and Beardo) (2008)
- The White Album (2010)
- Nasty As I Wanna Be (2011)
- Three Loco (with Andy Milonakis and RiFF RAFF) (2012)
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Rex Chandler One on One |
AVN Awards for Best Gay Solo Video for Hot Sessions 3 1997 |
Succeeded by Titan Men–Alone in the Backwoods |
References[link]
- ^ "Simon Rex - Overview". Allmovie. http://www.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sql=2:285098~T0. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
- ^ NY Daily: "REX FLEXED PECS FOR SKIN PICS"[dead link]
- ^ "Simon Rex". TV.com. CBS Interactive. unk. http://www.tv.com/simon-rex/person/10163/biography.html. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
- ^ Posted by: Michael K (2011-04-04). "Dlisted: "Charlie Sheen Did This In Chicago Last Night"". Mobile.dlisted.com. http://mobile.dlisted.com/node/41451. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ "Classic fracas - Ibrahim bar bra brawl". The Daily Telegraph (News Limited). 14 May 2011. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/classic-fracas-ibrahim-bar-bra-brawl/story-e6frewz0-1226055598615. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
- ^ "Three Loco's Facebook page". Facebook.com. https://www.facebook.com/ThreeLoco. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ Ehrich, Kathy (2006-05-24). "The Plumm is the new place in NYC". Usatoday.Com. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-05-24-plumm_x.htm. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Rex, Simon |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American actor and musician |
| Date of birth | 1974-07-20 |
| Place of birth | San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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"Lennon" redirects here. For other uses, see Lennon (disambiguation).
For other people named John Lennon, see John Lennon (disambiguation).
| John Lennon MBE |
|
|---|---|
 Lennon rehearses "Give Peace a Chance" in Montreal, Canada, in 1969 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | John Winston Lennon |
| Born | (1940-10-09)9 October 1940 Liverpool, England, UK |
| Died | 8 December 1980(1980-12-08) (aged 40) New York, New York, US |
| Genres | Rock, pop |
| Occupations | Musician, singer-songwriter, record producer, artist, writer |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano, harmonica, harmonium, electronic organ, six-string bass |
| Years active | 1957–75, 1980 |
| Labels | Parlophone, Capitol, Apple, EMI, Geffen, Polydor |
| Associated acts | The Quarrymen, The Beatles, Plastic Ono Band, The Dirty Mac, Yoko Ono |
| Website | www.johnlennon.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| Rickenbacker 325 Epiphone Casino Gibson J-160E |
|
John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980) was an English musician and singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founder members of The Beatles, one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. Together with Paul McCartney, he formed one of the most celebrated songwriting partnerships of the 20th century.
Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved as a teenager in the skiffle craze; his first band, The Quarrymen, evolved into The Beatles in 1960. As the group disintegrated towards the end of the decade, Lennon embarked on a solo career that produced the critically acclaimed albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, and iconic songs such as "Give Peace a Chance" and "Imagine". After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he changed his name to John Ono Lennon. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to raising his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release.
Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film, and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved to New York City in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon's administration to deport him, while some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement.
As of 2012 Lennon's solo album sales in the United States exceed 14 million units, and as writer, co-writer or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002 a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth, and in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all-time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.
Contents
|
History[link]
1940–57: Early years[link]
Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman who was away at the time of his son's birth.[1] He was named John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John "Jack" Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill.[2] His father was often away from home but sent regular pay cheques to 9 Newcastle Road, Liverpool, where Lennon lived with his mother,[3] but the cheques stopped when he went absent without leave in February 1944.[4][5] When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, but Julia—by then pregnant with another man's child—rejected the idea.[6] After her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpool's Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennon's father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, secretly intending to emigrate to New Zealand with him.[7] Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, 'Bobby' Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her.[8] It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again.[9]
Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own, at Mendips, 251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton.[10] His aunt bought him volumes of short stories, and his uncle, a dairyman at his family's farm, bought him a mouth organ and engaged him in solving crossword puzzles.[11] Julia visited Mendips on a regular basis, and when he was 11 years old he often visited her at 1 Blomfield Road, Liverpool, where she played him Elvis Presley records, and taught him the banjo, learning how to play "Ain't That a Shame" by Fats Domino.[12]
In September 1980 he talked about his family and his rebellious nature:
Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society and not be this loudmouthed lunatic musician. But I cannot be what I am not. Because of my attitude, all the other boys' parents ... instinctively recognised what I was, which was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their kids, which I did ... I did my best to disrupt every friend's home ... Partly, maybe, it was out of envy that I didn't have this so-called home, but I really did ... There were five women who were my family. Five strong, intelligent women. Five sisters. Those women were fantastic ... that was my first feminist education ... One happened to be my mother ... she just couldn't deal with life. She had a husband who ran away to sea and the war was on and she couldn't cope with me, and when I was four-and-a-half, I ended up living with her elder sister ... the fact that I wasn't with my parents made me see that parents are not gods.[13]
He regularly visited his cousin, Stanley Parkes, who lived in Fleetwood. Seven years Lennon's senior, Parkes took him on trips, and to local cinemas.[14] During the school holidays, Parkes often visited Lennon with Leila Harvey, another cousin, often travelling to Blackpool two or three times a week to watch shows. They would visit the Blackpool Tower Circus and see artists such as Dickie Valentine, Arthur Askey, Max Bygraves and Joe Loss, with Parkes recalling that Lennon particularly liked George Formby.[15] After Parkes's family moved to Scotland, the three cousins often spent their school holidays together there. Parkes recalled, "John, cousin Leila and I were very close. From Edinburgh we would drive up to the family croft at Durness, which was from about the time John was nine years old until he was about 16."[16] He was 14 years old when his uncle George died of a liver haemorrhage on 5 June 1955 (aged 52).[17]
Lennon was raised as an Anglican and attended Dovedale Primary School.[18] From September 1952 to 1957, after passing his Eleven-Plus exam, he attended Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool, and was described by Harvey at the time as, "A happy-go-lucky, good-humoured, easy going, lively lad."[19] He often drew comical cartoons which appeared in his own self-made school magazine called The Daily Howl,[20] but despite his artistic talent, his school reports were damning: "Certainly on the road to failure ... hopeless ... rather a clown in class ... wasting other pupils' time."[21]
His mother bought him his first guitar in 1956, an inexpensive Gallotone Champion acoustic for which she "lent" her son five pounds and ten shillings on the condition that the guitar be delivered to her own house, and not Mimi's, knowing well that her sister was not supportive of her son's musical aspirations.[22] As Mimi was sceptical of his claim that he would be famous one day, she hoped he would grow bored with music, often telling him, "The guitar's all very well, John, but you'll never make a living out of it".[23] On 15 July 1958, when Lennon was 17 years old, his mother, walking home after visiting the Smiths' house, was struck by a car and killed.[24]
Lennon failed all his GCE O-level examinations, and was accepted into the Liverpool College of Art only after his aunt and headmaster intervened.[25] Once at the college, he started wearing Teddy Boy clothes and acquired a reputation for disrupting classes and ridiculing teachers. As a result, he was excluded from the painting class, then the graphic arts course, and was threatened with expulsion for his behaviour, which included sitting on a nude model's lap during a life drawing class.[26] He failed an annual exam, despite help from fellow student and future wife Cynthia Powell, and was "thrown out of the college before his final year."[27]
1957–70: The Quarrymen to The Beatles[link]
Further information: The Quarrymen, Lennon–McCartney, Brian Epstein, The Beatles, Beatlemania, British Invasion, and More popular than Jesus
1957–65: Formation, commercial break-out, and touring years[link]
The Beatles evolved from Lennon's first band, the Quarrymen. Named after Quarry Bank High School, the group was established by him in September 1956 when he was 15, and began as a skiffle group.[28] By the summer of 1957 the Quarrymen played a "spirited set of songs" made up of half skiffle, and half rock and roll.[29] Lennon first met Paul McCartney at the Quarrymen's second performance, held in Woolton on 6 July at the St. Peter's Church garden fête, after which McCartney was asked to join the band.[30]
McCartney says that Aunt Mimi: "was very aware that John's friends were lower class", and would often patronise him when he arrived to visit Lennon.[31] According to Paul's brother Mike, McCartney's father was also disapproving, declaring Lennon would get his son "into trouble";[32] although he later allowed the fledgling band to rehearse in the McCartneys' front room at 20 Forthlin Road.[33][34] During this time, the 18-year-old Lennon wrote his first song, "Hello Little Girl", a UK top 10 hit for The Fourmost nearly five years later.[35]
George Harrison joined the band as lead guitarist,[36] even though Lennon thought Harrison (at 14 years old) was too young to join the band, so McCartney engineered a second audition on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus, where Harrison played "Raunchy" for Lennon.[37] Stuart Sutcliffe, Lennon's friend from art school, later joined as bassist.[38] Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Sutcliffe became "The Beatles" in early 1960. In August that year The Beatles, engaged for a 48-night residency in Hamburg, Germany, and desperately in need of a drummer, asked Pete Best to join them.[39] Lennon was now 19, and his aunt, horrified when he told her about the trip, pleaded with him to continue his art studies instead.[40] After the first Hamburg residency, the band accepted another in April 1961, and a third in April 1962. Like the other band members, Lennon was introduced to Preludin while in Hamburg,[41] and regularly took the drug, as well as amphetamines, as a stimulant during their long, overnight performances.[42]
Brian Epstein, The Beatles' manager from 1962, had no prior experience of artist management, but nevertheless had a strong influence on their early dress code and attitude on stage.[43] Lennon initially resisted his attempts to encourage the band to present a professional appearance, but eventually complied, saying, "I'll wear a bloody balloon if somebody's going to pay me".[44] McCartney took over on bass after Sutcliffe decided to stay in Hamburg, and drummer Ringo Starr replaced Best, completing the four-piece line-up that would endure until the group's break-up in 1970. The band's first single, "Love Me Do", was released in October 1962 and reached #17 on the British charts. They recorded their debut album, Please Please Me, in under 10 hours on 11 February 1963,[45] a day when Lennon was suffering the effects of a cold,[46] which is evident in the vocal on the last song to be recorded that day, Twist and Shout.[47] The Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership yielded eight of its fourteen tracks. With few exceptions—one being the album title itself—Lennon had yet to bring his love of wordplay to bear on his song lyrics, saying: "We were just writing songs ... pop songs with no more thought of them than that–to create a sound. And the words were almost irrelevant".[45] In a 1987 interview, McCartney said that the other Beatles idolised John: "He was like our own little Elvis ... We all looked up to John. He was older and he was very much the leader; he was the quickest wit and the smartest".[48]
The Beatles achieved mainstream success in the UK during the beginning of 1963. Lennon was on tour when his first son, Julian, was born in April. During their Royal Variety Show performance, attended by the Queen Mother and other British royalty, Lennon poked fun at his audience: "For our next song, I'd like to ask for your help. For the people in the cheaper seats, clap your hands ... and the rest of you, if you'll just rattle your jewellery."[49] After a year of Beatlemania in the UK, the group's historic February 1964 US debut appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show marked their breakthrough to international stardom. A two-year period of constant touring, moviemaking, and songwriting followed, during which Lennon wrote two books, In His Own Write and A Spaniard in the Works.[50] The Beatles received recognition from the British Establishment when they were appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1965.[51]
Lennon grew concerned that fans attending Beatles' concerts were unable to hear the music above the screaming of fans, and that the band's musicianship was beginning to suffer as a result.[52] Lennon's "Help!" expressed his own feelings in 1965: "I meant it ... It was me singing 'help'".[53] He had put on weight (he would later refer to this as his "Fat Elvis" period),[54] and felt he was subconsciously seeking change.[55] The following January he was unknowingly introduced to LSD when a dentist, hosting a dinner party attended by Lennon, Harrison and their wives, spiked the guests' coffee with the drug.[56] When they wanted to leave, their host revealed what they had taken, and strongly advised them not to leave the house because of the likely effects. Later, in an elevator at a nightclub, they all believed it was on fire: "We were all screaming ... hot and hysterical."[56] A few months later in March, during an interview with Evening Standard reporter Maureen Cleave, Lennon remarked, "Christianity will go. It will vanish and shrink ... We're more popular than Jesus now—I don't know which will go first, rock and roll or Christianity."[57] The comment went virtually unnoticed in England but caused great offence in the US when quoted by a magazine there five months later. The furore that followed—burning of Beatles' records, Ku Klux Klan activity, and threats against Lennon—contributed to the band's decision to stop touring.[58]
1966–70: Studio years, break-up and solo work[link]
File:Beatles-our-world.jpg
Lennon (right) performing "All You Need Is Love" with The Beatles in 1967 to 400 million viewers of "Our World".
Deprived of the routine of live performances after their final commercial concert on 29 August 1966, Lennon felt lost and considered leaving the band.[59] Since his involuntary introduction to LSD in January, he had made increasing use of the drug, and was almost constantly under its influence for much of the year."[60] According to biographer Ian MacDonald, Lennon's continuous experience with LSD during the year brought him "close to erasing his identity".[61] 1967 saw the release of "Strawberry Fields Forever", hailed by TIME magazine for its "astonishing inventiveness",[62] and the group's landmark album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, which revealed Lennon's lyrics contrasting strongly with the simple love songs of the Lennon–McCartney's early years.
In August, after having been introduced to the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the group attended a weekend of personal instruction at his Transcendental Meditation seminar in Bangor, Wales,[63] and were informed of Epstein's death during the seminar. "I knew we were in trouble then", Lennon said later. "I didn't have any misconceptions about our ability to do anything other than play music, and I was scared".[64] They later travelled to Maharishi's ashram in India for further guidance, where they composed most of the songs for The Beatles and Abbey Road.[65]
The anti-war, black comedy How I Won the War, featuring Lennon's only appearance in a non–Beatles' full-length film, was shown in cinemas in October 1967.[66] McCartney organised the group's first post-Epstein project,[67] the self-written, -produced and -directed television film Magical Mystery Tour, released in December that year. While the film itself proved to be their first critical flop, its soundtrack release, featuring Lennon's acclaimed, Lewis Carroll-inspired "I am the Walrus", was a success.[68][69] With Epstein gone, the band members became increasingly involved in business activities, and in February 1968 they formed Apple Corps, a multimedia corporation comprising Apple Records and several other subsidiary companies. Lennon described the venture as an attempt to achieve, "artistic freedom within a business structure",[70] but his increased drug experimentation and growing preoccupation with Yoko Ono, and McCartney's own marriage plans, left Apple in need of professional management. Lennon asked Lord Beeching to take on the role, but he declined, advising Lennon to go back to making records. Lennon approached Allen Klein, who had managed The Rolling Stones and other bands during the British Invasion. Klein was appointed as Apple's chief executive by Lennon, Harrison and Starr,[71] but McCartney never signed the management contract.[72]
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Sample of "Give Peace a Chance", recorded in 1969 during Lennon and Ono's second Bed-In for Peace. As described by biographer Bill Harry, Lennon wanted to "write a peace anthem that would take over from the song 'We Shall Overcome'—and he succeeded ... it became the main anti-Vietnam protest song."[73]
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At the end of 1968, Lennon featured in the film The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus (not released until 1996) in the role of a Dirty Mac band member. The supergroup, comprising Lennon, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards and Mitch Mitchell, also backed a vocal performance by Ono in the film.[74] Lennon and Ono were married on 20 March 1969, and soon released a series of 14 lithographs called "Bag One" depicting scenes from their honeymoon,[75] eight of which were deemed indecent and most of which were banned and confiscated.[76] Lennon's creative focus continued to move beyond The Beatles and between 1968 and 1969 he and Ono recorded three albums of experimental music together: Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins[77] (known more for its cover than for its music), Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions and Wedding Album. In 1969 they formed The Plastic Ono Band, releasing Live Peace in Toronto 1969. In protest at Britain's involvement in the Nigerian Civil War,[78] Lennon returned his MBE medal to the Queen, though this had no effect on his MBE status, which could not be renounced.[79] Between 1969 and 1970 Lennon released the singles "Give Peace a Chance" (widely adopted as an anti-Vietnam-War anthem in 1969),[80] "Cold Turkey" (documenting his withdrawal symptoms after he became addicted to heroin[81]) and "Instant Karma!".
Lennon left the group in September 1969,[82] and agreed not to inform the media while the band renegotiated their recording contract, but he was outraged that McCartney publicised his own departure on releasing his debut solo album in April 1970. Lennon's reaction was, "Jesus Christ! He gets all the credit for it!"[83] He later wrote, "I started the band. I disbanded it. It's as simple as that."[84] In later interviews with Rolling Stone magazine, he revealed his bitterness towards McCartney, saying, "I was a fool not to do what Paul did, which was use it to sell a record."[85] He spoke too of the hostility he perceived the other members had towards Ono, and of how he, Harrison, and Starr "got fed up with being sidemen for Paul ... After Brian Epstein died we collapsed. Paul took over and supposedly led us. But what is leading us when we went round in circles?"[86]
1970–80: Solo career[link]
1970–72: Initial solo success and activism[link]
In 1970, Lennon and Ono went through primal therapy with Dr. Arthur Janov in Los Angeles, California. Designed to release emotional pain from early childhood, the therapy entailed two half-days a week with Janov for four months; he had wanted to treat the couple for longer, but they felt no need to continue and returned to London.[87] Lennon's emotional debut solo album, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970), was received with high praise. Critic Greil Marcus remarked, "John's singing in the last verse of 'God' may be the finest in all of rock."[88] The album featured the songs "Mother", in which Lennon confronted his feelings of childhood rejection,[89] and the Dylanesque "Working Class Hero", a bitter attack against the bourgeois social system which, due to the lyric "you're still fucking peasants", fell foul of broadcasters.[90][91] The same year, Tariq Ali's revolutionary political views, expressed when he interviewed Lennon, inspired the singer to write "Power to the People". Lennon also became involved with Ali during a protest against Oz magazine's prosecution for alleged obscenity. Lennon denounced the proceedings as "disgusting fascism", and he and Ono (as Elastic Oz Band) released the single "God Save Us/Do the Oz" and joined marches in support of the magazine.[92]
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Sample of "Imagine", Lennon's "most famous post-Beatles' track."[93] Like "Give Peace a Chance", the song became an anti-war anthem, but its lyrics offended religious groups. Lennon's explanation was, "If you can imagine a world at peace, with no denominations of religion—not without religion, but without this 'my God is bigger than your God' thing—then it can be true."[94]
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With Lennon's next album, Imagine (1971), critical response was more guarded. Rolling Stone reported that "it contains a substantial portion of good music" but warned of the possibility that "his posturings will soon seem not merely dull but irrelevant".[95] The album's title track would become an anthem for anti-war movements,[96] while another, "How Do You Sleep?", was a musical attack on McCartney in response to lyrics from Ram that Lennon felt, and McCartney later confirmed,[97] were directed at him and Ono. However, Lennon softened his stance in the mid-1970s and said he had written "How Do You Sleep?" about himself.[98] He said in 1980: "I used my resentment against Paul ... to create a song ... not a terrible vicious horrible vendetta ... I used my resentment and withdrawing from Paul and The Beatles, and the relationship with Paul, to write 'How Do You Sleep'. I don't really go 'round with those thoughts in my head all the time".[99]
Lennon and Ono moved to New York in August 1971, and in December released "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)".[100] To advertise the single, they paid for billboards in 12 cities around the world which declared, in the national language, "WAR IS OVER—IF YOU WANT IT".[101] The new year saw the Nixon Administration take what it called a "strategic counter-measure" against Lennon's anti-war propaganda, embarking on what would be a four-year attempt to deport him: embroiled in a continuing legal battle, he was denied permanent residency in the US until 1976.[102]
Recorded as a collaboration with Ono and with backing from the New York band Elephant's Memory, Some Time in New York City was released in 1972. Containing songs about women's rights, race relations, Britain's role in Northern Ireland, and Lennon's problems obtaining a green card,[103] the album was poorly received—unlistenable, according to one critic.[104] "Woman Is the Nigger of the World", released as a US single from the album the same year, was televised on 11 May, on The Dick Cavett Show. Many radio stations refused to broadcast the song because of the word "nigger".[105] Lennon and Ono gave two benefit concerts with Elephant's Memory and guests in New York in aid of patients at the Willowbrook State School mental facility.[106] Staged at Madison Square Garden on 30 August 1972, they were his last full-length concert appearances.[107]
1973–75: "Lost weekend"[link]
While Lennon was recording Mind Games (1973), he and Ono decided to separate. The ensuing 18-month period apart, which he later called his "lost weekend",[108] was spent in Los Angeles and New York in the company of May Pang. Mind Games, credited to the "Plastic U.F.Ono Band", was released in November 1973. Lennon also contributed "I'm the Greatest", to Starr's album Ringo (1973), released the same month. (an alternate take, from the same 1973 Ringo sessions, with Lennon providing a guide vocal, appears on John Lennon Anthology).
In early 1974, Lennon was drinking heavily and his alcohol-fuelled antics with Harry Nilsson made headlines. Two widely publicised incidents occurred at The Troubadour club in March, the first when Lennon placed a menstruation "towel" on his forehead and scuffled with a waitress, and the second, two weeks later, when Lennon and Nilsson were ejected from the same club after heckling the Smothers Brothers.[109] Lennon decided to produce Nilsson's album Pussy Cats and Pang rented a Los Angeles beach house for all the musicians[110] but after a month of further debauchery, with the recording sessions in chaos, Lennon moved to New York with Pang to finish work on the album. In April, Lennon had produced the Mick Jagger song "Too Many Cooks (Spoil the Soup)" which was, for contractual reasons, to remain unreleased for more than 30 years. Pang supplied the recording for its eventual inclusion on The Very Best of Mick Jagger (2007).[111]
Settled back in New York, Lennon recorded the album Walls and Bridges. Released in October 1974, it yielded his only number-one single in his lifetime, "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night", featuring Elton John on backing vocals and piano.[112] A second single from the album, "#9 Dream", followed before the end of the year. Starr's Goodnight Vienna (1974) again saw assistance from Lennon, who wrote the title track and played piano.[113] On 28 November, Lennon made a surprise guest appearance at Elton John's Thanksgiving concert at Madison Square Garden, in fulfilment of his promise to join the singer in a live show if "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night"—a song whose commercial potential Lennon had doubted—reached number one. Lennon performed the song along with "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" and "I Saw Her Standing There", which he introduced as "a song by an old estranged fiancee of mine called Paul".[114]
Lennon co-wrote "Fame", David Bowie's first US number one, and provided guitar and backing vocals for the January 1975 recording.[115] The same month, Elton John topped the charts with his cover of "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", featuring Lennon on guitar and back-up vocals (Lennon is credited on the single under the moniker of "Dr. Winston O'Boogie"). He and Ono were reunited shortly afterwards. Lennon released Rock 'n' Roll (1975), an album of cover songs, in February. "Stand by Me", taken from the album and a US and UK hit, became his last single for five years.[116] He made what would be his final stage appearance in the ATV special A Salute to Lew Grade, recorded on 18 April and televised in June.[117] Playing acoustic guitar, and backed by an eight-piece band, Lennon performed two songs from Rock 'n' Roll ("Stand By Me", which was not broadcast, and "Slippin' and Slidin'") followed by "Imagine".[117]
1975–80: Retirement and return[link]
With the birth of his second son Sean on 9 October 1975, Lennon took on the role of househusband, beginning what would be a five-year hiatus from the music industry during which he gave all his attention to his family.[13] Within the month, he fulfilled his contractual obligation to EMI/Capitol for one more album by releasing Shaved Fish, a compilation album of previously recorded tracks.[13] He devoted himself to Sean, rising at 6 am daily to plan and prepare his meals and to spend time with him.[118] He wrote "Cookin' (In the Kitchen of Love)" for Starr's Ringo's Rotogravure (1976), performing on the track in June in what would be his last recording session until 1980.[119] He formally announced his break from music in Tokyo in 1977, saying, "we have basically decided, without any great decision, to be with our baby as much as we can until we feel we can take time off to indulge ourselves in creating things outside of the family."[120] During his career break he created several series of drawings, and drafted a book containing a mix of autobiographical material and what he termed "mad stuff",[121] all of which would be published posthumously.
He emerged from retirement in October 1980 with the single "(Just Like) Starting Over", followed the next month by the album Double Fantasy, which contained songs written during a journey to Bermuda on a 43-foot sailing boat the previous June,[122] that reflected Lennon's fulfilment in his new-found stable family life.[123] Sufficient additional material was recorded for a planned follow-up album Milk and Honey (released posthumously in 1984).[124] Released jointly with Ono, Double Fantasy was not well received, drawing comments such as Melody Maker's "indulgent sterility ... a godawful yawn".[125]
8 December 1980: Death[link]
Main article: Death of John Lennon
At around 10:50 pm on 8 December 1980, as Lennon and Ono returned to their New York apartment in The Dakota, Mark David Chapman shot Lennon in the back four times at the entrance to the building. Lennon was taken to the emergency room of the nearby Roosevelt Hospital and was pronounced dead on arrival at 11:07 pm.[126] Earlier that evening, Lennon had autographed a copy of Double Fantasy for Chapman.[127]
Ono issued a statement the next day, saying "There is no funeral for John", ending it with the words, "John loved and prayed for the human race. Please pray the same for him."[128] His body was cremated at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Ono scattered his ashes in New York's Central Park, where the Strawberry Fields memorial was later created.[129] Chapman pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was sentenced to 20 years to life; as of 2011, he remains in prison, having been denied parole six times.[130][131]
Personal relationships[link]
Cynthia Lennon[link]
Further information: Cynthia Lennon
File:John and Cynthia on car.JPG
John Lennon and Cynthia Powell in 1959
Lennon and Cynthia Powell met in 1957 as fellow students at the Liverpool College of Art.[132] Although being scared of Lennon's attitude and appearance, she heard that he was obsessed with French actress Brigitte Bardot, so she dyed her hair blonde. Lennon asked her out, but when she said that she was engaged, he screamed out, "I didn't ask you to fuckin' marry me, did I?"[133] She often accompanied him to Quarrymen gigs and travelled to Hamburg with McCartney's girlfriend at the time to visit him.[134] Lennon, jealous by nature, eventually grew possessive and often terrified Powell with his anger and physical violence.[135] Lennon later said that until he met Ono, he had never questioned his chauvinistic attitude to women. The Beatles' song "Getting Better", he said, told his own story, "I used to be cruel to my woman, and physically—any woman. I was a hitter. I couldn't express myself and I hit. I fought men and I hit women. That is why I am always on about peace".[13]
Recalling his reaction in July 1962 on learning that Cynthia was pregnant, Lennon said, "There's only one thing for it Cyn. We'll have to get married."[136] The couple were married on 23 August at the Mount Pleasant Register Office in Liverpool. His marriage began just as Beatlemania took hold across the UK. He performed on the evening of his wedding day, and would continue to do so almost daily from then on.[137] Epstein, fearing that fans would be alienated by the idea of a married Beatle, asked the Lennons to keep their marriage secret. Julian was born on 8 April 1963; Lennon was on tour at the time and did not see his son until three days later.[138]
Cynthia attributes the start of the marriage breakdown to LSD, and as a result, she felt that he slowly lost interest in her.[139] When the group travelled by train to Bangor, Wales, in 1967, for the Maharishi Yogi's Transcendental Meditation seminar, a policeman did not recognise her and stopped her from boarding. She later recalled how the incident seemed to symbolise the ending of their marriage.[140] After arriving home at Kenwood, and finding Lennon with Ono, Cynthia left the house to stay with friends. Alexis Mardas later claimed to have slept with her that night, and a few weeks later he informed her that Lennon was seeking a divorce and custody of Julian on grounds of her adultery with him. After negotiations, Lennon capitulated and agreed to her divorcing him on the same grounds. The case was settled out of court, with Lennon giving her £100,000, and custody of Julian.[141]
Brian Epstein[link]
File:Epstein at Hard Days Night.jpg
Starr, McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Epstein at the preview of A Hard Day’s Night in 1964
Further information: Brian Epstein
The Beatles were performing at Liverpool's Cavern Club in 1962, when all four Beatles were introduced to Epstein after a midday concert. Epstein was homosexual. According to biographer Philip Norman, one of his reasons for wanting to manage the group was that he was physically attracted to Lennon. Almost as soon as Julian was born, Lennon went on holiday to Spain with Epstein, leading to speculation about their relationship. Questioned about it later, Lennon said, "Well, it was almost a love affair, but not quite. It was never consummated. But it was a pretty intense relationship. It was my first experience with a homosexual that I was conscious was homosexual. We used to sit in a café in Torremolinos looking at all the boys and I'd say, 'Do you like that one? Do you like this one?' I was rather enjoying the experience, thinking like a writer all the time: I am experiencing this."[142] Soon after their return from Spain, at McCartney's twenty-first birthday party in June 1963, Lennon physically attacked Cavern Club MC Bob Wooler for saying "How was your honeymoon, John?" The MC, known for his wordplay and affectionate but cutting remarks, was making a joke,[143] but ten months had passed since Lennon's marriage, and the honeymoon, deferred, was still two months in the future.[144] To Lennon, who was intoxicated with alcohol at the time, the matter was simple: "He called me a queer so I battered his bloody ribs in".[145]
Lennon delighted in mocking Epstein for his homosexuality and for the fact that he was Jewish.[146] When Epstein invited suggestions for the title of his autobiography, Lennon offered Queer Jew; on learning of the eventual title, A Cellarful of Noise, he parodied, "More like A Cellarful of Boys".[147] He demanded of a visitor to Epstein's flat, "Have you come to blackmail him? If not, you're the only bugger in London who hasn't."[146] During the recording of "Baby, You're a Rich Man", he sang altered choruses of "Baby, you're a rich fag Jew".[148][149]
Julian Lennon[link]
Further information: Julian Lennon
Lennon's first son, Julian, was born as his commitments with The Beatles intensified at the height of Beatlemania during his marriage to Cynthia. Lennon was touring with The Beatles when Julian was born on 8 April 1963. Julian's birth, like his mother Cynthia's marriage to Lennon, was kept secret because Epstein was convinced public knowledge of such things would threaten The Beatles' commercial success. Julian recalls how some four years later, as a small child in Weybridge, "I was trundled home from school and came walking up with one of my watercolour paintings. It was just a bunch of stars and this blonde girl I knew at school. And Dad said, 'What's this?' I said, 'It's Lucy in the sky with diamonds.'"[150] Lennon used it as the title of a Beatles' song, and though it was later reported to have been derived from the initials LSD, Lennon insisted, "It's not an acid song."[151] McCartney corroborated Lennon's explanation that Julian innocently came up with the name.[151] Lennon was distant from Julian, who felt closer to McCartney than to his father. During a car journey to visit Cynthia and Julian during Lennon's divorce, McCartney composed a song, "Hey Jules", to comfort him. It would evolve into The Beatles song "Hey Jude". Lennon later said, "That's his best song. It started off as a song about my son Julian ... he turned it into 'Hey Jude'. I always thought it was about me and Yoko but he said it wasn't."[152]
Lennon's relationship with Julian was already strained, and after Lennon and Ono's 1971 move to New York, Julian would not see his father again until 1973.[153] With Pang's encouragement, it was arranged for him (and his mother) to visit Lennon in Los Angeles, where they went to Disneyland.[154] Julian started to see his father regularly, and Lennon gave him a drumming part on a Walls and Bridges track.[155] He bought Julian a Gibson Les Paul guitar and other instruments, and encouraged his interest in music by demonstrating guitar chord techniques.[155] Julian recalls that he and his father "got on a great deal better" during the time he spent in New York: "We had a lot of fun, laughed a lot and had a great time in general."[156]
In a Playboy interview with David Sheff shortly before his death, Lennon said, "Sean was a planned child, and therein lies the difference. I don't love Julian any less as a child. He's still my son, whether he came from a bottle of whiskey or because they didn't have pills in those days. He's here, he belongs to me, and he always will." He said he was trying to re-establish a connection with the then 17-year-old, and confidently predicted, "Julian and I will have a relationship in the future."[13] After his death it was revealed that he had left Julian very little in his will.[157]
Yoko Ono[link]
Further information: Yoko Ono
Two versions exist of how Lennon met Ono. According to the first, on 9 November 1966 Lennon went to the Indica Gallery in London, where Ono was preparing her conceptual art exhibit, and they were introduced by gallery owner John Dunbar.[158] Lennon was intrigued by Ono's "Hammer A Nail": patrons hammered a nail into a wooden board, creating the art piece. Although the exhibition had not yet begun, Lennon wanted to hammer a nail into the clean board, but Ono stopped him. Dunbar asked her, "Don't you know who this is? He's a millionaire! He might buy it." Ono had supposedly not heard of The Beatles, but relented on condition that Lennon pay her five shillings, to which Lennon replied, "I'll give you an imaginary five shillings and hammer an imaginary nail in."[13] The second version, told by McCartney, is that in late 1965, Ono was in London compiling original musical scores for a book John Cage was working on, Notations, but McCartney declined to give her any of his own manuscripts for the book, suggesting that Lennon might oblige. When asked, Lennon gave Ono the original handwritten lyrics to "The Word".[159]
Ono began telephoning and calling at Lennon's home, and when his wife asked for an explanation, he explained that Ono was only trying to obtain money for her "avant-garde bullshit".[160] In May 1968, while his wife was on holiday in Greece, Lennon invited Ono to visit. They spent the night recording what would become the Two Virgins album, after which, he said, they "made love at dawn."[161] When Lennon's wife returned home she found Ono wearing her bathrobe and drinking tea with Lennon who simply said, "Oh, hi."[162] Ono became pregnant in 1968 and miscarried a male child they named John Ono Lennon II on 21 November 1968,[129] a few weeks after Lennon's divorce from Cynthia was granted.[163]
During Lennon's last two years in The Beatles, he and Ono began public protests against the Vietnam War. They were married in Gibraltar on 20 March 1969, and spent their honeymoon in Amsterdam campaigning with a week-long Bed-In for peace. They planned another Bed-In in the United States, but were denied entry,[164] so held one instead at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, where they recorded "Give Peace a Chance".[165] They often combined advocacy with performance art, as in their "Bagism", first introduced during a Vienna press conference. Lennon detailed this period in The Beatles' song "The Ballad of John and Yoko".[166] Lennon changed his name by deed poll on 22 April 1969, adding "Ono" as a middle name. The brief ceremony took place on the roof of the Apple Corps building, made famous three months earlier by The Beatles' Let It Be rooftop concert. Although he used the name John Ono Lennon thereafter, official documents referred to him as John Winston Ono Lennon, since he was not permitted to revoke a name given at birth.[167] After Ono was injured in a car accident, Lennon arranged for a king-sized bed to be brought to the recording studio as he worked on The Beatles' last album, Abbey Road.[168] To escape the acrimony of the band's break-up, Ono suggested they move permanently to New York, which they did on 31 August 1971.
They first lived in the St. Regis Hotel on 5th Avenue, East 55th Street, then moved to a street-level flat at 105 Bank Street, Greenwich Village, on 16 October 1971. After a robbery, they relocated to the more secure Dakota at 1 West 72nd Street, in May 1973.[169]
May Pang[link]
Further information: May Pang
ABKCO Industries, formed in 1968 by Allen Klein as an umbrella company to ABKCO Records, recruited May Pang as a receptionist in 1969. Through involvement in a project with ABKCO, Lennon and Ono met her the following year. She became their personal assistant. After she had been working with the couple for three years, Ono confided that she and Lennon were becoming estranged from one another. She went on to suggest that Pang should begin a physical relationship with Lennon, telling her, "He likes you a lot." Pang, 22, astounded by Ono's proposition, eventually agreed to become Lennon's companion. The pair soon moved to California, beginning an 18-month period he later called his "lost weekend".[108] In Los Angeles, Pang encouraged Lennon to develop regular contact with Julian, whom he had not seen for two years. He also rekindled friendships with Starr, McCartney, Beatles' roadie Mal Evans, and Harry Nilsson. Whilst drinking with Nilsson, after misunderstanding something Pang said, Lennon attempted to strangle her, relenting only when physically restrained by Nilsson.[170]
On moving to New York, they prepared a spare room in their newly rented apartment for Julian to visit.[170] Lennon, hitherto inhibited by Ono in this regard, began to reestablish contact with other relatives and friends. By December he and Pang were considering a house purchase, and he was refusing to accept Ono's telephone calls. In January 1975, he agreed to meet Ono—who said she had found a cure for smoking. But after the meeting he failed to return home or call Pang. When Pang telephoned the next day, Ono told her Lennon was unavailable, being exhausted after a hypnotherapy session. Two days later, Lennon reappeared at a joint dental appointment, stupefied and confused to such an extent that Pang believed he had been brainwashed. He told her his separation from Ono was now over, though Ono would allow him to continue seeing her as his mistress.[171]
Sean Lennon[link]
Further information: Sean Lennon
When Lennon and Ono were reunited, she became pregnant, but having previously suffered three miscarriages in her attempt to have a child with Lennon, she said she wanted an abortion. She agreed to allow the pregnancy to continue on condition that Lennon adopt the role of househusband; this he agreed to do.[172] Sean was born on 9 October 1975, Lennon's 35th birthday, delivered by Caesarean section. Lennon's subsequent career break would span five years. He had a photographer take pictures of Sean every day of his first year, and created numerous drawings for him, posthumously published as Real Love: The Drawings for Sean. Lennon later proudly declared, "He didn't come out of my belly but, by God, I made his bones, because I've attended to every meal, and to how he sleeps, and to the fact that he swims like a fish."[173]
Former Beatles[link]
Although his friendship with Starr remained consistently warm during the years following The Beatles' break-up in 1970, Lennon's relationship with McCartney and Harrison varied. He was close to Harrison initially, but the two drifted apart after Lennon moved to America. When Harrison was in New York for his December 1974 Dark Horse tour, Lennon agreed to join him on stage, but failed to appear after an argument over Lennon's refusal to sign an agreement that would finally dissolve The Beatles' legal partnership. (Lennon eventually signed the papers while holidaying in Florida with Pang and Julian.[174]) Harrison incensed Lennon in 1980 when he published an autobiography that made little mention of him. Lennon told Playboy, "I was hurt by it. By glaring omission ... my influence on his life is absolutely zilch ... he remembers every two-bit sax player or guitarist he met in subsequent years. I'm not in the book."[175]
Lennon's most intense feelings were reserved for McCartney. In addition to attacking him through the lyrics of "How Do You Sleep?", Lennon argued with him through the press for three years after the group split. The two later began to reestablish something of the close friendship they had once known, and in 1974 even played music together again, before growing apart once more. Lennon said that during McCartney's final visit, in April 1976, they watched the episode of Saturday Night Live in which Lorne Michaels made a $3,000 cash offer to get The Beatles to reunite on the show.[176] The pair considered going to the studio to make a joke appearance, attempting to claim their share of the money, but were too tired.[13] Lennon summarised his feelings towards McCartney in an interview three days before his death: "Throughout my career, I've selected to work with...only two people: Paul McCartney and Yoko Ono....That ain't bad picking."[177]
Along with his estrangement from McCartney, Lennon always felt a musical competitiveness with him and kept an ear on his music. During his five-year career break he was content to sit back so long as McCartney was producing what Lennon saw as mediocre "product".[178] When McCartney released "Coming Up" in 1980, the year Lennon returned to the studio and the last year of his life, he took notice. "It's driving me crackers!" he jokingly complained, because he could not get the tune out of his head.[178] Asked the same year whether the group were dreaded enemies or the best of friends, he replied that they were neither, and that he had not seen any of them in a long time. But he also said, "I still love those guys. The Beatles are over, but John, Paul, George and Ringo go on."[13]
Political activism[link]
Lennon and Ono used their honeymoon as what they termed a "Bed-In for Peace" at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel; the March 1969 event attracted worldwide media ridicule.[179][180] At a second Bed-In three months later at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal[181] Lennon wrote and recorded "Give Peace a Chance". Released as a single, it was quickly taken up as an anti-war anthem and sung by a quarter of a million demonstrators against the Vietnam War in Washington, DC, on 15 October, the second Vietnam Moratorium Day.[80][182]
Later that year, Lennon and Ono supported efforts by the family of James Hanratty, hanged for murder in 1962, to prove his innocence.[183] Those who had condemned Hanratty were, according to Lennon, "the same people who are running guns to South Africa and killing blacks in the streets. ... The same bastards are in control, the same people are running everything, it's the whole bullshit bourgeois scene."[184] In London, Lennon and Ono staged a "Britain Murdered Hanratty" banner march and a "Silent Protest For James Hanratty",[78] and produced a 40-minute documentary on the case. At an appeal hearing years later, Hanratty's conviction was upheld.[185]
Lennon and Ono showed their solidarity with the Clydeside UCS workers' work-in of 1971 by sending a bouquet of red roses and a cheque for £5,000.[186] On moving to New York City in August that year, they befriended two of the Chicago Seven, Yippie peace activists Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman.[187] Another peace activist, John Sinclair, poet and co-founder of the White Panther Party, was serving ten years in prison for selling two joints of marijuana after previous convictions for possession of the drug.[188] In December 1971 at Ann Arbor, Michigan, 20,000 people attended the "John Sinclair Freedom Rally", a protest and benefit concert with contributions from Lennon, Stevie Wonder, Bob Seger, Bobby Seale of the Black Panther Party, and others.[189] Lennon and Ono, backed by David Peel and Rubin, performed an acoustic set of four songs from their forthcoming Some Time in New York City album including "John Sinclair", whose lyrics called for his release. The day before the rally, Michigan State had drastically reduced the penalties for Sinclair's crimes and three days after the rally, he was released on bail.[190] The performance was recorded and two of the tracks later appeared on John Lennon Anthology (1998).[191]
Following the Bloody Sunday incident in Northern Ireland in 1972, in which 13 unarmed civil rights protesters were shot dead by the British Army, Lennon said that given the choice between the army and the IRA (who were not involved in the incident) he would side with the latter. Lennon and Ono wrote two songs protesting British presence and actions in Ireland for their Some Time in New York City album: "Luck of the Irish" and "Sunday Bloody Sunday". In 2000, David Shayler, a former member of Britain's domestic security service MI5 suggested that Lennon had given money to the IRA though this was swiftly denied by Ono.[192] Biographer Bill Harry records that following Bloody Sunday, Lennon and Ono financially supported the production of the film The Irish Tapes, a political documentary with a Republican slant.[193]
According to FBI surveillance reports (and confirmed by Tariq Ali in 2006) Lennon was sympathetic to the International Marxist Group, a Trotskyist group formed in Britain in 1968.[194] However, the FBI considered Lennon to have limited effectiveness as a revolutionary since he was "constantly under the influence of narcotics".[195]
Deportation attempt[link]
Following the impact of "Give Peace a Chance" and "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)", both strongly associated with the anti–Vietnam War movement, the Nixon administration, hearing rumours of Lennon's involvement in a concert to be held in San Diego at the same time as the Republican National Convention,[196] tried to have him deported. Nixon believed that Lennon's anti-war activities could cost him his re-election;[197] Republican Senator Strom Thurmond suggested in a February 1972 memo that "deportation would be a strategic counter-measure" against Lennon.[198] The next month the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) began deportation proceedings, arguing that his 1968 misdemeanor conviction for cannabis possession in London had made him ineligible for admission to the United States. Lennon spent the next three and a half years in and out of deportation hearings until on 8 October 1975, when a court of appeals barred the deportation attempt, stating " ... the courts will not condone selective deportation based upon secret political grounds."[199][103] While the legal battle continued, Lennon attended rallies and made television appearances. Lennon and Ono co-hosted the Mike Douglas Show for a week in February 1972, introducing guests such as Jerry Rubin and Bobby Seale to mid-America.[200] In 1972, Bob Dylan wrote a letter to the INS defending Lennon, stating:
John and Yoko add a great voice and drive to the country's so-called art institution. They inspire and transcend and stimulate and by doing so, only help others to see pure light and in doing that, put an end to this dull taste of petty commercialism which is being passed off as Artist Art by the overpowering mass media. Hurray for John and Yoko. Let them stay and live here and breathe. The country's got plenty of room and space. Let John and Yoko stay![201][202]
On 23 March 1973, Lennon was ordered to leave the US within 60 days.[203] Ono, meanwhile, was granted permanent residence. In response, Lennon and Ono held a press conference on 1 April 1973 at the New York City Bar Association, where they announced the formation of the state of Nutopia; a place with "no land, no boundaries, no passports, only people".[204] Waving the white flag of Nutopia (two handkerchiefs), they asked for political asylum in the US. The press conference was filmed, and would later appear in the 2006 documentary The U.S. vs. John Lennon.[205] Lennon's Mind Games (1973) included the track "Nutopian International Anthem", which comprised three seconds of silence.[206] Soon after the press conference, Nixon's involvement in a political scandal came to light, and in June the Watergate hearings began in Washington, DC. They led to the president's resignation 14 months later. Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, showed little interest in continuing the battle against Lennon, and the deportation order was overturned in 1975. The following year, his US immigration status finally resolved, Lennon received his "green card" certifying his permanent residency, and when Jimmy Carter was inaugurated as president in January 1977, Lennon and Ono attended the Inaugural Ball.[207]
FBI surveillance and declassified documents[link]
After Lennon's death, historian Jon Wiener filed a Freedom of Information Act request for FBI files documenting the Bureau's role in the deportation attempt.[208] The FBI admitted it had 281 pages of files on Lennon, but refused to release most of them on the grounds that they contained national security information. In 1983, Wiener sued the FBI with the help of the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. It took 14 years of litigation to force the FBI to release the withheld pages.[209] The ACLU, representing Wiener, won a favourable decision in their suit against the FBI in the Ninth Circuit in 1991.[210] The Justice Department appealed the decision to the Supreme Court in April 1992, but the court declined to review the case.[211] In 1997, respecting President Bill Clinton's newly instigated rule that documents should be withheld only if releasing them would involve "foreseeable harm", the Justice Department settled most of the outstanding issues outside court by releasing all but 10 of the contested documents.[211] Wiener published the results of his 14-year campaign in January 2000. Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files contained facsimiles of the documents, including "lengthy reports by confidential informants detailing the daily lives of anti-war activists, memos to the White House, transcripts of TV shows on which Lennon appeared, and a proposal that Lennon be arrested by local police on drug charges".[212] The story is told in the documentary The U.S. vs. John Lennon. The final 10 documents in Lennon's FBI file, which reported on his ties with London anti-war activists in 1971 and had been withheld as containing "national security information provided by a foreign government under an explicit promise of confidentiality", were released in December 2006. They contained no indication that the British government had regarded Lennon as a serious threat; one example of the released material was a report that two prominent British leftists had hoped Lennon would finance a left-wing bookshop and reading room.[213]
-
Further information: Jon_Wiener#Wiener_battles_with_the_FBI
Writing and art[link]
Lennon's biographer Bill Harry writes that Lennon began drawing and writing creatively at an early age with the encouragement of his uncle. He collected his stories, poetry, cartoons, and caricatures in a Quarry Bank High School exercise book that he called the Daily Howl. The drawings were often of crippled people, and the writings satirical, and throughout the book was an abundance of wordplay. According to classmate Bill Turner, Lennon created the Daily Howl to amuse his best friend and later Quarrymen band mate, Pete Shotton, to whom he would show his work before he let anyone else see it. Turner said that Lennon "had an obsession for Wigan Pier. It kept cropping up", and in Lennon's story A Carrot In A Potato Mine, "the mine was at the end of Wigan Pier." Turner described how one of Lennon's cartoons depicted a bus stop sign annotated with the question, "Why?". Above was a flying pancake, and below, "a blind man wearing glasses leading along a blind dog—also wearing glasses".[214]
Lennon's love of wordplay and nonsense with a twist found a wider audience when he was 24. Harry writes that In His Own Write (1964) was published after "Some journalist who was hanging around The Beatles came to me and I ended up showing him the stuff. They said, 'Write a book' and that's how the first one came about". Like the Daily Howl it contained a mix of formats including short stories, poetry, plays and drawings. One story, "Good Dog Nigel", tells the tale of "a happy dog, urinating on a lamp post, barking, wagging his tail—until he suddenly hears a message that he will be killed at three o'clock". The Times Literary Supplement considered the poems and stories "remarkable ... also very funny ... the nonsense runs on, words and images prompting one another in a chain of pure fantasy". Book Week reported, "This is nonsense writing, but one has only to review the literature of nonsense to see how well Lennon has brought it off. While some of his homonyms are gratuitous word play, many others have not only double meaning but a double edge." Lennon was not only surprised by the positive reception, but that the book was reviewed at all, and suggested that readers "took the book more seriously than I did myself. It just began as a laugh for me".[215]
In combination with A Spaniard in the Works (1965), In His Own Write formed the basis of the stage play The John Lennon Play: In His Own Write, co-adapted by Victor Spinetti and Adrienne Kennedy. After negotiations between Lennon, Spinetti and the artistic director of the National Theatre, Sir Laurence Olivier, the play opened at the Old Vic in 1968. Lennon and Ono attended the opening night performance, their second public appearance together to date.[216] After Lennon's death, further works were published, including Skywriting by Word of Mouth (1986); Ai: Japan Through John Lennon's Eyes: A Personal Sketchbook (1992), with Lennon's illustrations of the definitions of Japanese words; and Real Love: The Drawings for Sean (1999). The Beatles Anthology (2000) also presented examples of his writings and drawings.
Musicianship[link]
Instruments played[link]
Further information: John Lennon's musical instruments and List of The Beatles' instruments
His playing of a mouth organ during a bus journey to visit his cousin in Scotland caught the driver's ear. Impressed, the driver told Lennon of a harmonica he could have if he came to Edinburgh the following day, where one had been stored in the bus depot since a passenger left it on a bus.[217] The professional instrument quickly replaced Lennon's toy. He would continue to play harmonica, often using the instrument during The Beatles' Hamburg years, and it became a signature sound in the group's early recordings. His mother taught him how to play the banjo, later buying him an acoustic guitar. At 16, he played rhythm guitar with the Quarrymen.[218] As his career progressed, he played a variety of electric guitars, predominantly the Rickenbacker 325, Epiphone Casino and Gibson J-160E, and, from the start of his solo career, the Gibson Les Paul Junior.[219][220] Occasionally he played a six-string bass guitar, the Fender Bass VI, providing bass on some Beatles' numbers that occupied McCartney with another instrument.[221] His other instrument of choice was the piano, on which he composed many songs, including "Imagine", described as his best-known solo work.[222] His jamming on a piano with McCartney in 1963 led to the creation of The Beatles' first US number one, "I Want to Hold Your Hand".[223] In 1964, he became one of the first British musicians to acquire a Mellotron keyboard, though it was not heard on a Beatles' recording until "Strawberry Fields Forever" in late 1966.[224]
Vocal style[link]
When Lennon recorded "Twist and Shout", the final track during the mammoth one-day session that captured the band's 1963 debut album Please Please Me, his voice, already compromised by a cold, came close to giving out. Lennon said, "I couldn't sing the damn thing, I was just screaming."[225] In the words of biographer Barry Miles, "Lennon simply shredded his vocal cords in the interests of rock 'n' roll."[226] The Beatles' producer, George Martin, tells how Lennon "had an inborn dislike of his own voice which I could never understand. He was always saying to me: 'DO something with my voice! ... put something on it ... Make it different.'"[227] Martin obliged, often using double-tracking and other techniques. Music critic Robert Christgau says that Lennon's "greatest vocal performance ... from scream to whine, is modulated electronically ... echoed, filtered, and double tracked."[228]
As his Beatles' era segued into his solo career, his singing voice found a widening range of expression. Biographer Chris Gregory writes that Lennon was, "tentatively beginning to expose his insecurities in a number of acoustic-led 'confessional' ballads, so beginning the process of 'public therapy' that will eventually culminate in the primal screams of 'Cold Turkey' and the cathartic John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band."[229] David Stuart Ryan notes Lennon's vocal delivery to range from, "extreme vulnerability, sensitivity and even naivety" to a hard "rasping" style.[230] Wiener too describes contrasts, saying the singer's voice can be "at first subdued; soon it almost cracks with despair"[231] Music historian Ben Urish recalls hearing The Beatles' Ed Sullivan Show performance of "This Boy" played on the radio a few days after Lennon's murder: "As Lennon's vocals reached their peak ... it hurt too much to hear him scream with such anguish and emotion. But it was my emotions I heard in his voice. Just like I always had."[232]
Legacy[link]
Music historians Schinder and Schwartz, writing of the transformation in popular music styles that took place between the 1950s and the 1960s, say that The Beatles' influence cannot be overstated: having "revolutionized the sound, style, and attitude of popular music and opened rock and roll's doors to a tidal wave of British rock acts", the group then "spent the rest of the 1960s expanding rock's stylistic frontiers".[233] Liam Gallagher, his group Oasis among the many who acknowledge the band's influence, identifies Lennon as a hero; in 1999 he named his first child Lennon Gallagher in tribute.[234] On National Poetry Day in 1999, after conducting a poll to identify the UK's favourite song lyric, the BBC announced "Imagine" the winner.[94]
In a 2006 Guardian article, Jon Wiener wrote: "For young people in 1972, it was thrilling to see Lennon's courage in standing up to [US President] Nixon. That willingness to take risks with his career, and his life, is one reason why people still admire him today."[235] Whilst for music historians Urish and Bielen, Lennon's most significant effort was "the self-portraits ... in his songs [which] spoke to, for, and about, the human condition."[236]
Lennon continues to be mourned throughout the world and has been the subject of numerous memorials and tributes. In 2010, on what would have been Lennon's 70th birthday, the John Lennon Peace Monument was unveiled in Chavasse Park, Liverpool, by Cynthia and Julian Lennon.[237] The sculpture entitled 'Peace & Harmony' exhibits peace symbols and carries the inscription "Peace on Earth for the Conservation of Life · In Honour of John Lennon 1940–1980".
Awards and sales[link]
The Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership is regarded as one of the most influential and successful of the 20th century. As performer, writer or co-writer Lennon has had 25 number one singles on the US Hot 100 chart.a His album sales in the US stand at 14 million units.[238] Double Fantasy, released shortly before his death, and his best-selling, post-Beatles' studio album[239] at three million shipments in the US,[240] won the 1981 Grammy Award for Album of the Year.[241] The following year, the BRIT Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music went to Lennon.[242]
Participants in a 2002 BBC poll voted him eighth of "100 Greatest Britons".[243] Between 2003 and 2008, Rolling Stone recognised Lennon in several reviews of artists and music, ranking him fifth of "100 Greatest Singers of All Time"[244] and 38th of "100 Greatest Artists of All Time",[245] and his albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, 22nd and 76th respectively of "The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".[245][246] He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) with the other Beatles in 1965.[51] He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987[247] and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.[107]
Discography[link]
Main article: John Lennon discography
See also: The Beatles discography
- Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins (with Yoko Ono) (1968)
- Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions (with Yoko Ono) (1969)
- Wedding Album (with Yoko Ono) (1969)
- John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970)
- Imagine (1971)
- Some Time in New York City (with Yoko Ono) (1972)
- Mind Games (1973)
- Walls and Bridges (1974)
- Rock 'n' Roll (1975)
- Double Fantasy (with Yoko Ono) (1980)
- Milk and Honey (with Yoko Ono) (1984)
- Menlove Ave. (1986)
Notes[link]
^ Note a: Lennon was responsible for 25 Billboard Hot 100 number one singles as performer, writer or co-writer.
- Solo (2): "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night", "(Just Like) Starting Over".[248]
- With The Beatles (20): "Can't Buy Me Love", "I Feel Fine", "I Want to Hold Your Hand", "Love Me Do", "She Loves You", "A Hard Day's Night", "Eight Days a Week", "Help!", "Ticket to Ride", "Yesterday", "Paperback Writer", "We Can Work It Out", "All You Need Is Love", "Hello Goodbye", "Penny Lane", "Hey Jude", "Something/"Come Together", "Get Back", "Let It Be", "The Long and Winding Road"/"For You Blue".[249]
- As co-writer of and performer on release by another artist (1): "Fame" (David Bowie).[250]
- As co-writer of releases by other artists (2): "A World Without Love" (Peter and Gordon),[251] "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (Elton John).[252]
Citations[link]
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 504.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 24: "Julia offered the name in honour of... Winston Churchill".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 24: "The entire Stanley clan gathered nightly at Newcastle Road".
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 54: "Until then he had sent her money each month from his wages, but now it stopped".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 26: "In February 1944 ... he was arrested and imprisoned. Freddie subsequently disappeared for six months".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 27.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 56: "Alf admitted to her that he had planned to take John to live in New Zealand".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 30: "Julia went out of the door... John ran after her".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 497.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 56: "Hard to see why Mimi wanted John, as she had always said she didn't want children".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 32: "When he was old enough, taught John how to solve crossword puzzles".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 48: "To get them started, she applied the triad to 'Ain't That a Shame'".
- ^ a b c d e f g h Sheff 1981.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 32: "Parkes recalled... Leila and John to the cinema as often as three times a day".
- ^ Harry 2009.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 702.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 819.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 411.
- ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 32–33.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 40.
- ^ ClassReports 2008.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 45.
- ^ Norman 2008, p. 89.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 48.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 100.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 553–555.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 50.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 738.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 95.
- ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 93–99.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 44.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 32.
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 38–39.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 47.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 337–338.
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 47, 50.
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 47.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 64.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 57.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 53.
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 66–67.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 57.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 67.
- ^ Frankel 2007.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 721.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 24–26: "Twist and Shout, which had to be recorded last because John Lennon had a particularly bad cold".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 376: "He had been struggling all day to reach notes, but this was different, this hurt".
- ^ Doggett 2010, p. 33.
- ^ Shennan 2007.
- ^ Coleman 1984a, pp. 239–240.
- ^ a b London Gazette 1965, p. 5488.
- ^ Coleman 1984a, p. 288.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 268.
- ^ Lawrence 2005, p. 62.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 171.
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- ^ Cleave 2007.
- ^ Gould 2008, pp. 5–6, 249, 281, 347.
- ^ Brown 1983, p. 222.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 319.
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- ^ Miles 1997, p. 349-373.
- ^ Logan 1967.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 131.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 31.
- ^ TelegraphKlein 2010.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 549: "Paul never did sign the management contract".
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 276–278.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 774–775.
- ^ Fawcett 1976, p. 185.
- ^ Coleman 1984a, p. 279.
- ^ Coleman 1984a, pp. 48–49.
- ^ a b Miles and Badman 2003.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 615–617.
- ^ a b Perone 2001, pp. 57–58.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 160–161.
- ^ Edmondson 2010, pp. 129–130.
- ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 853–54.
- ^ Loker 2009, p. 348.
- ^ Wenner 2000, p. 32.
- ^ Wenner 2000, p. 24.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 408–410.
- ^ Blaney 2005, p. 56.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 640–641.
- ^ Riley 2002, p. 375.
- ^ Schechter 1997, p. 106.
- ^ Wiener 1990, p. 157.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 382.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, pp. 382–383.
- ^ Gerson 1971.
- ^ Vigilla 2005.
- ^ Goodman 1984.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 354–356.
- ^ Peebles 1981, p. 44.
- ^ Allmusic 2010f.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 960.
- ^ Wiener 1990, p. 204.
- ^ a b BBC News 2006a.
- ^ Landau 1974.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 979–980.
- ^ Deming 2008.
- ^ a b The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum 1994.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, pp. 698–699.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 927–929.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 735.
- ^ The Very Best of Mick Jagger liner notes
- ^ Badman 2001, 1974.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 284.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 970.
- ^ The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum 1996.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 240, 563.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 758.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 553.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 166.
- ^ Bennahum 1991, p. 87.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 814.
- ^ BBC News 2006b.
- ^ Schinder & Schwartz 2007, p. 178.
- ^ Ginell 2009.
- ^ Badman 2001, 1980.
- ^ Ingham 2006, p. 82.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 145.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 692.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, pp. 510.
- ^ CNN.com 2004.
- ^ BBC News 2010a.
- ^ Lennon 2005, pp. 17–23.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 21.
- ^ Lennon 2005, pp. 89–95.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 492–493.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 91.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 493–495.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 113.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 496–497.
- ^ Warner Brothers 1988.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 305–306: "He had agreed that I should have custody of Julian", "He raised his offer to £100,000".
- ^ Harry 2000a, p. 232.
- ^ Harry 2000a, pp. 1165, 1169.
- ^ Lennon 2005, pp. 94, 119–120.
- ^ Harry 2000a, p. 1169.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 232.
- ^ Coleman 1992, pp. 298–299.
- ^ Norman 2008, p. 503.
- ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 206.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 517.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 574.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 341.
- ^ Pang 2008, back cover.
- ^ Lennon 2005, pp. 252–255.
- ^ a b Lennon 2005, p. 258.
- ^ Times Online 2009.
- ^ Badman 2003, p. 393.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 682.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 272.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 683.
- ^ Two Virgins liner notes
- ^ Lennon 1978, p. 183.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 800.
- ^ Kruse 2009, p. 16.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 276.
- ^ Coleman 1992, p. 550.
- ^ Coleman 1984b, p. 64.
- ^ Emerick & Massey 2006, pp. 279–280.
- ^ "John & Yoko's New York | Baby Boomers | iStopOver Magazine". Magazine.istopover.com. 16 August 2010. http://magazine.istopover.com/2010/08/16/john-yoko-new-york/. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 700.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 700–701.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 535, 690.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 535.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 195.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 327.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 934–935.
- ^ Cohn 2010–2011, p. 95.
- ^ a b Seaman 1991, p. 122.
- ^ Miles and Badman 2003, 1969: "They were ridiculed by the world's media".
- ^ Anderson 2010, p. 83: "The Bed-In stunt was ridiculed by the press".
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 745–748.
- ^ Holsinger 1999, p. 389.
- ^ Wenner 2000, p. 43.
- ^ Clark 2002.
- ^ Milmo 2002.
- ^ McGinty 2010.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 344.
- ^ Buchanan 2009.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 789–790, 812–813.
- ^ Glenn 2009.
- ^ Calkin 2002.
- ^ Bright 2000.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 403.
- ^ Ali 2006.
- ^ Brooks 2005.
- ^ Wiener 1999, p. 2.
- ^ BBC News 2000.
- ^ Wiener 1990, p. 225.
- ^ Coleman 1992, pp. 576–583.
- ^ BBC News 2006c.
- ^ Wiener, Jon. "Bob Dylan's defense of John Lennon". The Nation, 8 October 2010
- ^ "Photo Copy of Bob Dylan's 1972 Letter to the INS in Defense of John Lennon". Lennonfbifiles.com. http://lennonfbifiles.com/natl_comm_john_yoko/bob_dylan.html. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ Wiener 1999, p. 326.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 663.
- ^ Urish & Bielen 2007, p. 143.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 664.
- ^ Coleman 1984a, p. 289.
- ^ Wiener 1999, p. 13.
- ^ Friedman 2005, p. 252.
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- ^ Wiener 1999, p. 27.
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- ^ The Telegraph (9 October 2010). "Monument to John Lennon unveiled in Liverpool on his '70th birthday'". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8052634/Monument-to-John-Lennon-unveiled-in-Liverpool-on-his-70th-birthday.html.
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- ^ Songwriters Hall of Fame 2009.
- ^ Allmusic 2010a.
- ^ "Most No. 1s By Artist (All-Time)". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/most-no1s-overall.shtml. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
- ^ Allmusic 2010e.
- ^ Allmusic 2010d.
- ^ Allmusic 2010c.
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- Wiener, Jon. UK: He didn't have to do it. That's one reason he's still admired; 19 December 2006 [cited 18 August 2010].
Further reading[link]
- Kane, Larry (2007). Lennon Revealed. Running Press. ISBN 978-0-7624-2966-0
- Pang, May; Edwards, Henry (1983). Loving John: The Untold Story. Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-37916-6.
- Wiener, Jon. The John Lennon FBI Files
- Yorke, Richard (1969). "John Lennon: Ringo's Right, We Can't Tour Again", New Musical Express, 7 June 1969, reproduced by Crawdaddy!, 2007.
External links[link]
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Book: John Lennon |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: John Lennon |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Lennon |
- John Lennon at The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
- John Lennon discography at MusicBrainz
- John Lennon at the Internet Movie Database
- BBC Archive on John Lennon
- NPR Archive on John Lennon
- John Lennon and Yoko Ono – slideshow by Life magazine
- John Lennon hosted by EMI Group Limited
- Unveiling of 'Peace & Harmony', European Peace Monument – Dedicated to John Lennon
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lennon, John |
| Alternative names | Lennon, John Winston (birth name); Lennon, John Winston Ono |
| Short description | Rock musician |
| Date of birth | 9 October 1940 |
| Place of birth | Liverpool, England, United Kingdom |
| Date of death | 8 December 1980 |
| Place of death | New York City, New York, United States of America |
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| Donna Summer | |
|---|---|
 Donna Summer at a recording studio in 1977 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | LaDonna Adrian Gaines |
| Also known as | Donna Gaines |
| Born | (1948-12-31)December 31, 1948 Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
| Died | May 17, 2012(2012-05-17) (aged 63) Englewood, Florida, U.S. |
| Genres | Pop, disco, dance-pop, rock |
| Occupations | Singer, songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano |
| Years active | 1969–2012 |
| Labels | Oasis, Casablanca (1975–80), Geffen (1980–88), Atlantic (1988–91), Mercury (1994–96), Warner-Elektra-Atlantic (1980–91), Epic (1999–2001), Burgundy (2006–12) |
| Associated acts | Giorgio Moroder, Brooklyn Dreams |
LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 – May 17, 2012),[1] known by the stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer and songwriter who gained prominence during the disco era of the late 1970s. She had a mezzo-soprano vocal range, and was a five-time Grammy Award winner. Summer was the first artist to have three consecutive double albums reach number one on the United States Billboard chart, and she also charted four number-one singles in the United States within a 13-month period.
Born into a devoutly Christian lower middle class African American family in Boston, Massachusetts, Summer first became involved with singing through church choir groups before joining a number of bands influenced by the Motown Sound. Influenced by the counterculture of the 1960s, she became the front singer of a psychedelic rock band named Crow and moved to New York City. Joining a touring version of the musical Hair, she spent several years living in West Germany, where she married Helmut Sommer, whose surname she adopted as her stage name.
Returning to the United States, Summer co-wrote the song "Love to Love You Baby" with Pete Bellotte; music producer Giorgio Moroder convinced her to sing it herself, and it was released to mass commercial success in 1975, particularly on the disco scene. Over the following years, Summer followed this success with a string of other disco hits, such as "I Feel Love", "MacArthur Park", "Hot Stuff" and "No More Tears (Enough is Enough)". Becoming known as the "Queen of Disco", she regularly appeared at the Studio 54 club in New York City, while her music gained a particularly large following within the gay community, for whom she became a gay icon. Struggling with drug addiction and depression, she subsequently became a born-again Christian.[2]
Diagnosed with lung cancer, Summer died in May 2012, at her home on Manasota Key in Englewood, Florida, after a battle with the disease. She was posthumously described as the "undisputed queen of the Seventies disco boom" who reached the status of "one of the world's leading female singers."[2] Her work with Moroder, particularly "I Feel Love", has also been described as "really the start of electronic dance" music, by Moroder himself.[3]
Contents
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Early life[link]
Summer was born LaDonna Adrian Gaines on December 31, 1948 in Boston, Massachusetts, to her parents, Andrew and Mary Gaines, and was one of seven children.[4] She and her family were raised in the Boston neighborhood of Mission Hill. Her father, Andrew Gaines, was a butcher, and her mother Mary, was a schoolteacher.[5] Summer's mother later recalled that from the time she could talk, Summer would often sing: "She literally loved to sing. She used to go through the house singing, singing. She sang for breakfast and for lunch and for supper."[5]
Summer's performance debut occurred at church when she was ten years old, when she replaced a vocalist who had failed to show up.[5] Her priest invited Summer to perform, judging from her small frame and speaking voice that she would be an "amusing spectacle", but instead Summer's voice recalled a voice older than her years and frame.[5] Summer herself recalled that as she sang, "I started crying, everybody else started crying. It was quite an amazing moment in my life and at some point after I heard my voice came out I felt like God was saying to me 'Donna, you're going to be very, very famous' and I knew from that day on that I would be famous."[5]
Summer later attended Boston's Jeremiah E. Burke High School, where she performed in school musicals and was considered popular.[5] She was also something of a troublemaker, skipping home to attend parties, circumventing her parents' strict curfew.[5] In 1967, just weeks before graduation, Summer left for New York where she was a member of the blues-rock band, Crow. After they were passed by every record label, they agreed to break up. Summer stayed in New York and auditioned for a role in the counterculture musical, Hair. When Melba Moore was cast in the part, Summer agreed to take the role in the Munich production of the show. She moved to Munich, Germany after getting her parents' reluctant approval.[5]
Summer eventually became fluent in German, singing various songs in German. She participated in the musicals Ich Bin Ich (the German version of The Me Nobody Knows), Godspell and Show Boat. Within three years, she moved to Vienna, Austria and joined the Vienna Volksoper. She briefly toured with an ensemble vocal group called FamilyTree, the creation of producer Guenter "Yogi" Lauke. In 1968, Summer released (as Donna Gaines) on Polydor her first single, a German version of the title Aquarius from the musical Hair, followed in 1971 by a second single, a cover of The Jaynetts' "Sally Go 'Round the Roses", from a one-off European deal with Decca Records.[6] In 1972, she issued the single, "If You Walkin' Alone" on Philips Records.[6]
In 1973, she married Austrian actor Helmuth Sommer and had a daughter, Mimi, the same year. Citing marital problems caused by her affair with German artist (and future live-in boyfriend) Peter Mühldorfer, she divorced Helmuth. She kept his last name, but Anglicized it to "Summer". She provided backing vocals on producer-keyboardist Veit Marvos on his 1972 Ariola Records release, Nice to See You, credited as "Gayn Pierre". Several subsequent singles included Summer performing with the group, but she often denied singing on any of the Marvos releases. The name "Gayn Pierre" was also used by Donna while performing in Godspell with Helmuth Sommer during 1972.[6]
Music career[link]
1974–1979: Initial success[link]
While singing background in a recording session at Munich's Musicland Studios for Three Dog Night, Summer met German-based producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte. The trio forged a working partnership and began collaborating on songs together starting in 1974. A demo tape of Summer's work with Moroder and Bellotte led to a deal with the European-distributed label, Groovy Records. The label issued Summer's first album, Lady of the Night. The album became a hit success in selected countries with two songs, "The Hostage" and "Lady of the Night", reaching the top of the charts in countries such as the Netherlands and Belgium.
In mid-1975, while working on another album, Summer passed on an idea for a song that Moroder was working on for another artist in the then-nascent disco sound, writing part of the song and labeling it as "Love to Love You". Summer would later say that she had imagined how Marilyn Monroe would sing this song and demonstrated how she felt Monroe would've approached it. Prior to recording the song and to get into the mood, she requested Moroder to turn off the lights while they sat on a sofa with him inducing her moans and groans. Moroder liked what he heard after hearing its playback and felt Summer's song should be released. The song was then sent to Casablanca Records president Neil Bogart in hopes of getting an American release. Bogart informed Summer and Moroder he would release the song (now called "Love to Love You Baby") but requested that Moroder produce a longer version for discothèques. Moroder, Bellotte, and Summer returned with a 17 minute version and Casablanca signed Summer and released the single in November 1975. The shorter version of the single was promoted to radio stations while clubs regularly played the 17 minute version (the longer version would also appear on the album). Casablanca became one of the first record labels to popularize the 12" single format.
By early 1976, "Love to Love You Baby" had reached No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100, while the parent album of the same name sold over a million copies. The song generated controversy due to Summer's moans and groans and some American and European radio stations, including the BBC, refused to play it.[7] "Love to Love You Baby" found chart success in several European countries, and made the Top 5 in the United Kingdom despite the BBC ban. Other upcoming singles included "Try Me, I Know We Can Make It", US No. 80; "Could It Be Magic", US No. 52; "Spring Affair", US No. 58; and "Winter Melody", US No. 43. The subsequent albums Love Trilogy and Four Seasons of Love both went gold in the US.
In 1977, Summer released the concept album I Remember Yesterday. This album, again co-produced by Moroder and Bellotte, included her second top ten single, "I Feel Love", which reached number six in the US and number one in the UK. Another concept album, also released in 1977, was Once Upon a Time, a double album which told of a modern-day Cinderella "rags to riches" story through the elements of orchestral disco and ballads. This album would also attain gold status. In 1978, Summer released her version of the Jimmy Webb ballad, "MacArthur Park", which became her first US number one hit. The song was featured on Summer's first live album, Live and More, which also became her first album to hit number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, and went platinum selling over a million copies. Other studio tracks included the top ten hit, "Heaven Knows", which featured the group Brooklyn Dreams accompanying her on background and Joe "Bean" Esposito singing alongside her on the verses. Summer would later be romantically involved with Brooklyn Dreams singer Bruce Sudano and the couple married two years after the song's release. Also in 1978, Summer acted in the film, Thank God It's Friday, playing a singer determined to perform at a hot disco club. The film met modest success, but a song from the film, titled "Last Dance", reached number three on the Hot 100 and resulted in Summer winning her first Grammy Award. Its writer, Paul Jabara, won an Academy Award for the composition.
In 1979, Summer performed at the world-televised Music for UNICEF Concert, joining contemporaries such as Abba, Olivia Newton-John, the Bee Gees, Andy Gibb, Rod Stewart, John Denver, Earth, Wind & Fire, Rita Coolidge and Kris Kristofferson for an hour's TV special that raised funds and awareness for the world's children. Artists donated royalties of certain songs, some in perpetuity, to benefit the cause.
[edit] 1979–1980: Bad Girls and the break from disco
Summer began work on her next project with Moroder and Bellotte, Bad Girls, an album that had been in production for nearly two years. Summer based the whole concept on prostitution (revisiting the theme for 1974's Lady of the Night), even dressing as a hooker herself on the cover art.
The album became a huge success, spawning the number one hits "Hot Stuff" and the title track and the number two "Dim All the Lights". With "MacArthur Park", "Hot Stuff", "Bad Girls", and the Barbra Streisand duet "No More Tears (Enough is Enough)", Summer achieved four number one hits within a thirteen month period. Those aforementioned songs, along with "Heaven Knows", "Last Dance", "Dim All the Lights", and "On the Radio" (from her upcoming double-album) would give her eight US Top 5 singles within a two year period. "Hot Stuff" later won her a second Grammy in the Best Female Rock Vocal Performance, the first time the category was included. That year, Summer played eight sold-out nights at the Universal Amphitheater in Los Angeles.
Summer released On the Radio: Greatest Hits Volumes I & II, her first (international) greatest hits set in 1979. The double album reached number one in the United States, becoming her third consecutive number one album. A new song from the compilation, "On the Radio", reached the US top five, selling over a million copies in the United States alone.
1980–1985: Continued success[link]
After the release of the On the Radio hits album, Summer wanted to branch out into other musical styles in addition to disco, which led to tensions between her and Casablanca Records as Casablanca wanted her to continue to record in the disco format while Summer wanted to sing more rock and pop-based music. Sensing that they could no longer come to terms, Summer and the label parted ways in 1980, and she signed with Geffen Records, the new label started by David Geffen.
Summer's first Geffen album, The Wanderer, featured an eclectic mixture of sounds similar to Bad Girls but with only little emphasis on Summer's past disco success, instead, bringing elements of rock, rockabilly, new wave and gospel music. The album continued Summer's streak of gold albums with the title track peaking at No. 3 in the US, though its follow-up singles, "Cold Love" and "Who Do You Think You're Foolin'" were only modestly received.
When Summer presented Geffen with her projected second album, I'm a Rainbow, the label disapproved of its production sensing Moroder's sound had grown stale and advised Summer to change producers, leading to an argument between the artist and the label. Eventually, Moroder and Bellotte and Summer agreed to part ways with Geffen hiring top R&B and pop producer Quincy Jones to produce Summer's next album, the eponymously titled Donna Summer, released in 1982 and which took over six months to record, which was unusual for Summer's recordings. Among its releases included the top ten hit, "Love Is in Control (Finger on the Trigger)", and the more moderately received "State of Independence" (No. 41 pop) and "The Woman in Me" (No. 33 pop). Problems then increased between Summer and Geffen Records after they were notified by Polygram Records, Summer's former label Casablanca was by then a wholly owned subsidiary, that she needed to deliver them one more album to fulfill her contract with them.
Summer delivered the album, She Works Hard for the Money, and Polygram released it on its Mercury imprint in 1983. The title song became a hit reaching number three on the US Hot 100, and would provide Summer with a Grammy nomination. The album also featured the reggae-flavored UK Top 20 hit "Unconditional Love", which featured the British group Musical Youth who were riding high from the success of their single "Pass the Dutchie". The third US single, "Love Has A Mind of Its Own", reached the top forty of the Billboard R&B chart. The album itself was certified gold.
In late 1984, with her obligation to Polygram complete, Summer returned on Geffen Records with her next release. Geffen, wanting to keep the momentum going, enlisted She Works Hard for the Money's producer Michael Omartian to produce Cats Without Claws. The album, however, was not as successful as She Works Hard for the Money and failed to attain gold status in the US, becoming her first album since her 1974 debut not to do so. It did include a moderate hit in The Drifters cover "There Goes My Baby", which peaked at No. 21. Jellybean Benitez remixed two of the songs for the album that were released as 12" singles for club play "Eyes" & "I'm Free".
On January 19, 1985, she sang at the nationally-televised 50th Presidential Inaugural Gala, the day before the second inauguration of Ronald Reagan. She was introduced by Merv Griffin.
Controversy over alleged anti-gay comments[link]
In the mid 1980s, Summer was embroiled in a controversy. She had allegedly made anti-gay remarks regarding the then-relatively new disease, AIDS, which as a result had a significantly negative impact on her career. Summer, by this time a born-again Christian, was alleged to have said that AIDS was a punishment from God for the immoral lifestyles of homosexuals. [8][9] However, she denied that she had ever made any such comment and, in a letter to the AIDS campaign group ACT UP in 1989, she said that it was "a terrible misunderstanding. I was unknowingly protected by those around me from the bad press and hate letters... If I have caused you pain, forgive me." She went on to apologize for the delay in refuting the rumours and closed her letter with Bible quotes (from Chapter 13 of 1 Corinthians).[10]
Also in 1989, Summer told The Advocate magazine that "A couple of the people I write with are gay, and they have been ever since I met them. What people want to do with their bodies is their personal preference."[11] A couple of years later she filed a lawsuit against New York magazine when it reprinted the rumours as fact just as she was about to release her album Mistaken Identity in 1991.[12] According to a Biography television program dedicated to Summer in which she participated in 1995, the lawsuit was settled out of court though neither side was able to divulge any details.[13][14]
1987–1989: Continued success in Europe[link]
In 1987, Summer returned with the album All Systems Go, which did not sell well, becoming her second consecutive album not to achieve gold status. It featured the single "Dinner with Gershwin" (written by Brenda Russell), which was only a minor US hit, though it peaked at No. 13 in the UK. The album's title track, "All Systems Go", was released only in the UK where it peaked at No. 54.
For Summer's next album, Geffen Records hired the British hit production team of Stock Aitken Waterman (or SAW), who had enjoyed incredible success by writing and producing for such acts as Kylie Minogue, Dead or Alive, Bananarama, and Rick Astley among others. However, Geffen decided not to release the album, entitled Another Place and Time, and Summer and Geffen Records parted ways in 1988. The album was released in Europe in March 1989 on Warner Bros. Records, which had been Summer's label in Europe since 1982. The single "This Time I Know It's for Real" had become a top ten hit in several countries in Europe, prompting the Warner Bros. subsidiary company Atlantic Records to sign Summer in the US and pick up the album for a North American release soon after. The single peaked at No. 7 on the Hot 100 in the US, and became her twelfth gold single there. It was also Summer's final Top 40 hit on the American pop charts, though she scored two more UK hits from the album, "I Don't Wanna Get Hurt" (UK No. 7) and "Love's About to Change My Heart" (UK No. 20).
[edit] 1990–1999: Mistaken Identity, acting, and Live & More Encore
In 1990, a Warner compliation, The Best of Donna Summer, was released. The album went gold after the song "State of Independence" had been re-released there to promote the album. The following year, Summer emerged with the album, Mistaken Identity, which included elements of R&B as well as new jack swing. While the album itself failed to become a success, the song "When Love Cries" continued her success on the R&B charts, reaching No. 18. In 1992, Summer embarked on a world tour to promote the album and later that year received her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1993, Polygram issued the two-disc set, The Donna Summer Anthology, which included 34 tracks of all of Summer's material with Casablanca and Mercury while also including songs from her tenures with Atlantic and Geffen.
Summer signed with Mercury/Polygram that same year and in 1994, issued the the Christmas album, Christmas Spirit which included renditions of classic Christmas songs such as "O Holy Night" and "Joy To The World", while also including Summer-penned songs as well. Another hits collection, Endless Summer: Greatest Hits, was released, featuring eighteen songs, that were single cuts of the songs differentiating from the Anthology set where fuller length recordings were featured. In 1992, she reunited with Giorgio Moroder recording the dance song, "Carry On", which later won Summer the first Grammy given to anyone in its dance category. The 1995 dance tune "Melody of Love (Wanna Be Loved)" went number-one on the dance charts in the U.S. while becoming a top 30 hit in the UK, peaking at number 21.
During this time, Summer was offered a guest role on the sitcom Family Matters as Steve Urkel's (Jaleel White) Aunt Oona. She made a second appearance in 1997. In 1998, Summer received a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording, being the first to do so, after a remixed version of her 1992 collaboration with Giorgio Moroder, "Carry On", was released in 1997. In 1999, Summer taped a live television special for VH1 titled Donna Summer – Live and More Encore, producing the second highest ratings that year for the network, after their annual Divas special. A CD of the event was released by Epic Records and featured two studio recordings, "I Will Go with You (Con te partirò)" and "Love Is the Healer", both of which reached number one on the US dance charts.
[edit] 2000–2009: Later recordings and Crayons
In 2000, Summer participated in VH-1's third annual Divas special, dedicated to Diana Ross, though Summer sung mostly her own material for the show. In 2003, Summer issued her autobiography, Ordinary Girl: The Journey and that same year released a best-of set titled The Journey: The Very Best of Donna Summer. In 2004, Summer was inducted to the Dance Music Hall of Fame alongside the Bee Gees and Barry Gibb as an artist. Her classic song, "I Feel Love", was also inducted that night. In 2004 and 2005, Summer's success on the dance charts continued with the songs "You're So Beautiful" and "I Got Your Love".
Summer, in a 2008 interview with The Daily Telegraph, claimed that one month before the September 11 Attacks she had a premonition that they would occur. Summer was living in Manhattan at the time of the attacks. In the same interview she said for a period of time after the attacks she was so depressed she was unable to leave her bedroom and left her blinds closed.[15]
In 2008, Summer released her first studio album of fully original material in 17 years, entitled Crayons. Released on the Sony BMG label Burgundy Records, it peaked at No. 17 on the United States Top 200 Album Chart (her highest placing on the chart since 1983), and achieved modest international success. The songs "I'm a Fire", "Stamp Your Feet", and "Fame (The Game)" reached number one on the United States Billboard Dance Chart. The ballad "Sand on My Feet" was released to adult contemporary stations and reached number thirty on that chart. While commenting on the album, Summer said "I wanted this album to have a lot of different directions on it. I did not want it to be any one baby. I just wanted it to be a sampler of flavors and influences from all over the world. There's a touch of this, a little smidgeon of that, a dash of something else...like when you're cooking." On the song "The Queen Is Back", Summer reveals her wry and witty self-awareness of her musical legacy and her public persona. "I'm making fun of myself," she admits. "There's irony, it's poking fun at the idea of being called a queen. That's a title that has followed me, followed me, and followed me. We were sitting and writing and that title kept popping up in my mind and I'm thinking, 'Am I supposed to write this? Is this too arrogant to write?' But people call me 'the queen,' so I guess it's ok to refer to myself as what everybody else refers to me as. We started writing the song and thought it was kind of cute and funny." Summer wrote "The Queen Is Back" and "Mr. Music" with J. R. Rotem and Evan Bogart, the son of Casablanca Records founder, Neil Bogart.
On December 11, 2009, Summer performed at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway, in honor of United States President Barack Obama. She was backed by the Norwegian Radio Orchestra.
2010–2012: Final recordings[link]
In August 2010, she released the single "To Paris With Love", co-written with Bruce Roberts and produced by Peter Stengaard. In October 2010, the single reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Dance Chart (it would be her last charted single). Also that month, Summer appeared in the PBS Television Special Hitman Returns: David Foster and Friends. In it, Summer performed with Seal on a medley of the songs "Unbreak My Heart / Crazy / On the Radio", before Summer closed the show with "Last Dance".[16]
On July 29, 2010, Summer gave an interview with Allvoices.com, wherein she was asked if she would consider doing an album of standards. She replied:
- I actually am, probably in September. I will begin work on a standards album. I will probably do an all-out dance album and a standards album. I'm gonna do both, and we will release them however were gonna release them. We are not sure which is going first.[17]
On September 15, 2010, Summer appeared as a guest celebrity singing alongside rising star Prince Poppycock on the television show America's Got Talent.
On October 16, 2010, she performed at a benefit concert at the Phoenix Symphony.[18]
On June 6, 2011, Summer was a guest judge on the show, Platinum Hit in week two titled, "Dance Floor Royalty". Platinum Hit is a reality competition series on Bravo launched in 2011, in which 12 singer-songwriters compete through innovative songwriting challenges that test their creativity, patience and drive. Every episode features a different topic, from a dance track to a love ballad, that requires the contestants to write and perform lyrics from a multiple of genres, for a cash prize of $100,000, a publishing deal with songwriting collective The Writing Camp, and a recording deal with RCA/Jive label.
In July 2011, Summer was working at Paramount Recording Studios in Los Angeles with her nephew, the rapper and producer O'Mega Red. Together they worked on a track titled "Angel".
Personal life[link]
LaDonna Gaines was one of seven children born and raised in Boston's Mission Hill neighborhood, living on the first floor of a three-decker home. Following her move to Austria in 1971, she met and fell in love with actor Helmuth Sommer while the two were acting in Godspell. In 1973, the couple married[19] and that year Gaines gave birth to her first child, daughter Mimi Sommer. In 1975, the couple divorced.[19] Gaines took her husband's last name, translated to English, as her stage name.
In 1978, while working on the hit track, "Heaven Knows" which featured Brooklyn Dreams member Joe "Bean" Esposito on vocals, Summer met fellow member Bruce Sudano. Within a few months, Summer and Sudano became a couple. They married on July 16, 1980. In 1981, Summer gave birth to another daughter (her first child with Sudano), Brooklyn Sudano, named after Sudano's group. In 1982, Summer and Sudano had their second child, Amanda Sudano. (Brooklyn would grow up to star in the hit ABC production My Wife and Kids.)
In 1995, Summer and her family moved from Sherman Oaks, California to Nashville,[20] where she took time out from show business to focus on painting, a hobby she began back in the 1980s. Also during 1995, Summer's beloved mother, Mary Gaines, died of lung cancer. Her father, Andrew Gaines, died in 2004 of natural causes.
Death and aftermath[link]
Death[link]
Summer died on the morning of May 17, 2012, at her home in Englewood, Florida at the age of 63.[21][22] She had been diagnosed with lung cancer not related to smoking,[23][24] reportedly being a non-smoker. She believed she contracted the illness by inhaling toxic particles following the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York.[25][26] Summer is survived by her husband Bruce Sudano, their daughters Brooklyn and Amanda, as well as her daughter Mimi from a previous marriage. Her funeral was held in Nashville, Tennessee on May 23, 2012.[27] Her body was buried in Harpeth Hills Memory Gardens Cemetery in Nashville, Tennessee.[28]
Reactions[link]
Singers and music industry professionals around the world reacted to Donna Summer's death.[29][30] Gloria Gaynor, a famous disco performer during the late 1970s,[31] said that she was "deeply saddened" and that Donna was "a fine lady and human being." Gaynor said she was devastated by the death of her longtime friend, and that she had not known about Summer's cancer.[32] Harry Wayne Casey of KC and the Sunshine Band said he and Donna "ran in the same circles and are part of the same generation."[30] Liza Minnelli said, "She was a queen, the queen of disco, and we will be dancing to her music forever." She said that her "thoughts and prayers are with her family always."[30] Dolly Parton said, "Donna, like Whitney, had one of the greatest voices ever. I loved her records. She was the disco queen, and will remain so. I knew her and found her to be one of the most likable and fun people ever. She will be missed and remembered."[30] Janet Jackson wrote that Donna "changed the world of music with her beautiful voice and incredible talent."[30] Barbra Streisand wrote: "I loved doing the duet with her. She had an amazing voice and was so talented. . . It's so sad."[30] Quincy Jones wrote that Donna's voice was "the heartbeat and soundtrack of a decade."[30] Aretha Franklin said, "It's so shocking to hear about the passing of Donna Summer. In the 70s, she reigned over the disco era and kept the disco jumping. Who will forget 'Last Dance.' A fine performer and a very nice person."[33] Chaka Khan said: "Donna and I had a friendship for over 30 years. She is one of the few black women I could speak German with and she is one of the few friends I had in this business."[33] Gloria Estefan wrote that "It's the end of an era," and posted a photo of herself with Summer.[33] Elton John said, "I'm so sad. This woman was the queen of disco and so much more. Her records sound as good today as they ever did. That she has never been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is a total disgrace, especially when I see the second-rate talent that has been inducted. She is a great friend to me and to the Elton John AIDS Foundation and I will miss her greatly."[34]
United States President Barack Obama said: "Michelle and I were saddened to hear about the passing of Donna Summer. A five-time Grammy Award winner, Donna truly was the 'Queen of Disco.' Her voice was unforgettable, and the music industry has lost a legend far too soon. Our thoughts and prayers go out to Donna's family and her dedicated fans."[30][35]
Donna Summer was honored at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards ceremony.[36][37] Singer Natasha Bedingfield honored Summer, calling her "a remarkable woman who brought so much light, and who inspired many women, including myself through her music. And if we can remember her through her music, this will never really be the last dance." After her statement, she began to sing the "Last Dance", Summer's song that received an Academy Award.[37] As she sang the song, photos of Summer were displayed on a screen overhead.[37] Many fans of Summer noticed and were unsatisfied that the Summer's tribute was cut off, supposedly for commercial benefits.[37]
Fans paid a tribute to Donna by leaving flowers and memorabilia on her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[38] A few days after her death, her album sales increased by a 3,277 percent, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Billboard reported that the week before she died, Summer sold about 1,000 albums. After her death, that number increased to 26,000.[39]
Funeral[link]
Summer's funeral service was held in the Christ Presbyterian Church in Nashville, Tennessee on the afternoon of May 23, 2012.[27][40][41] The exact location and time of the service was kept secret.[42] Several hundred of Summer's friends and family appeared at the singer's funeral, according to CNN.[41] The funeral was a private ceremony[41] and cameras were not allowed inside the church.[41] TMZ obtained a copy of Summer's funeral program.[43][44][45] The program includes a Proverb dedicated to Summer about a "wife of noble character".[44] According to the program, Pastor Tim Johnson started the service and welcomed the guests.[44] Afterward, Ricky Gaines, who is a relative of Summer's, gave a speech.[44] Summer's sisters: Linda Gaines Lotman, Mary Ellen Bernard, Dara Bernard, and Jenette Yancey, performed "We've Come This Far By Faith."[44] Mary Ellen Bernard performed "Because of Whose You Are".[44] After that, Rick Dohler, the husband of one of Summer's daughters, gave a speech. Next, Pastor Tim Johnson spoke, again.[44] The service was closed by David Foster and Natalie Grant performing "The Prayer".[41][44] Guests left the church, entered their cars, and followed the black hearse with Summer's body to the Harpeth Hills Memory Gardens cemetery in Nashville, where she was buried.[28][44] Other guests included Giorgio Moroder, who produced several of Summer's hits, and singer Tony Orlando.[41]
Awards and recognition[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Donna Summer
Cover versions by other artists[link]
Main article: List of cover versions of Donna Summer songs
"I Feel Love" has been sampled several times. The song was sampled by artists such as David Guetta, Darren Hayes, Whitney Houston, Madonna, Bette Midler, Moby, Moloko, Mylo, Stuart Price, Diana Ross, Britney Spears, and Robbie Williams. Italian company Gucci used a special version of it in the "Flora" perfume advertising, filmed by Chris Cunningham. "I Feel Love" has been covered onstage by Madonna, the Red Hot Chili Peppers' John Frusciante, Kylie Minogue, Blondie, Basement Jaxx, and Finnish progressive rock band Kingston Wall. Venus Hum with Blue Man Group also performed this song with Japanese singer Kumi Koda for their album The Complex, and in 2006, Tracy Bonham stood in for Hum on the Blue Man Group tour, performing the song. Bronski Beat and Marc Almond released the track as a duet with an added bridge section and titled it "I Feel Love/Johnny Remember Me", reaching number 3 in the UK charts in April 1985. In 1992 U.K. alterna-pop group Curve recorded a version for the NME's 40th anniversary compilation Ruby Trax, which became an instant underground classic.
"Love to Love You Baby" was sampled in Beyoncé Knowles's "Naughty Girl" and by TLC on their original version of "I'm Good at Being Bad", but was removed by request of Summer on later editions. The song has been covered in portions onstage by Dionne Warwick. Summer's "Starting Over Again" was a number one hit on the Hot Country Songs chart as a single for Dolly Parton in 1980. It also was a top-forty hit for Parton on the Billboard Hot 100. Reba McEntire named her 1995 album after the song, and McEntire's version hit No. 17 on the country singles chart in 1996. McEntire stated in the album's liner notes that her recording of the song was intended as something of a tribute to Summer and Parton, both artists whom she admired. Summer's "On the Radio" was covered by country artist Emmylou Harris for her 1983 album White Shoes. British singer and actress Martine McCutcheon recorded a version that reached number seven in the UK charts in February 2001.
Legacy[link]
According to longtime synthpop/electropop musician Marc Almond, Donna Summer's collaboration with producer Georgio Moroder "changed the face of music".[46] Giorgio Moroder himself has stated in a BBC Radio 5 Live interview that her song I Feel Love was "really the start of electronic dance".[3] Summer was the first artist to have three double albums reach No. 1 on Billboard's album chart: Live and More, Bad Girls, and On the Radio: Greatest Hits Volumes I & II. She became a cultural icon, not only as one of the defining voices of the era, but also as an influence on pop divas ranging from Madonna to Beyoncé. Unlike some other stars of disco who faded as the music became less popular in the 1980s and beyond, Summer was able to grow beyond the genre and later segued to a pop-rock sound. She had one of her biggest hits in the 1980s with "She Works Hard For the Money", which became another anthem, this time for women's rights. Although, Summer was never inducted into the Rock Hall of Fame, she was garnered as Queen of Disco. Summer was the first African American woman to be nominated for an MTV Video Music Award. Summer remained a force on the Billboard Dance/Club Play Songs chart all through her career, fitting, for the Queen of Disco. She notched 14 No. 1s on the chart – all the way up through her most recent hit, 2010's "To Paris With Love". Her last studio album, 2008's Crayons, spun off three No. 1 dance/club hits with "I'm a Fire", "Stamp Your Feet", and "Fame (The Game)". In May 2012, it was announced that "I Feel Love" was included in the list of preserved recordings at the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry.[47]
Concert tours[link]
- Once Upon a Time Tour (1977–1978)
- Bad Girls Tour (1979)
- The Wanderer Tour (1981)
- Hard for the Money Tour (1983)
- The Rainbow Tour (1984)
- Silver Girl Tour (1986)
- All Systems Go Tour (1987)
- Endless Summer Tour (1995)
- Mid Summer Nights Dream Tour ( 1996–1997)
- Live & More Encore Tour (1999)
- Greatest Hits Tour (2005)
- Crayons Tour (2008)
Discography[link]
Main article: Donna Summer discography
- 1974: Lady of the Night
- 1975: Love to Love You Baby
- 1976: A Love Trilogy
- 1976: Four Seasons of Love
- 1977: I Remember Yesterday
- 1977: Once Upon a Time
- 1979: Bad Girls
- 1980: The Wanderer
- 1981: I'm a Rainbow
- 1982: Donna Summer
- 1983: She Works Hard for the Money
- 1984: Cats Without Claws
- 1987: All Systems Go
- 1989: Another Place and Time
- 1991: Mistaken Identity
- 1994: Christmas Spirit
- 2008: Crayons
References[link]
- ^ allmusic ((( Donna Summer > Biography )))
- ^ a b "Obituaries: Donna Summer". The Times (London: News Corporation): p. 53. 2012.
- ^ a b "President Obama leads Donna Summer tributes". BBC News Online. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18112387. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
- ^ Telegraph obituary
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Donna Summer Biography – Facts, Birthday, Life Story". http://www.biography.com/people/donna-summer-9499073. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ a b c "The 60-70s". http://www.donna-tribute.com/disc/disc70.htm. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ Obituary: Donna Summer, Daily Telegraph, May 17, 2012
- ^ "Diva Debacle". NME. October 4, 1999. http://www.nme.com/news/donna-summer/2084. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
- ^ Rule, Doug (2010). "Summer Heat". Metro Weekly. http://www.metroweekly.com/arts_entertainment/music.php?ak=5531. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
- ^ Gay Community Frowns on Disco Diva Donna Summer. September 18, 1989). p. 38. http://books.google.com/?id=rrsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=donna+summer+aids#v=onepage&q=donna%20summer%20aids&f=false. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
- ^ Groover, D. L. (2008). "Summer Fans, Some Are Not". OutSmart magazine. http://www.outsmartmagazine.com/cms-this_issue/200507--Summer+Fans,+Some+Are+Not.html. Retrieved 2008-07-14. [dead link]
- ^ Donna Summer, Ottawa XPress, Retrieved 2011-02-22.
- ^ Ruben Norte (w/prod) (Feb 9, 1995). "Donna Summer". Biography. episode 15. season 8. A&E.
- ^ A&E Networks (2012). "Donna Summer Biography". "Bio. True Story" (Donna Summer). Biography.com. http://www.biography.com/people/donna-summer-9499073?page=2. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ Queen of Disco' Donna Summer 'thought she became ill after inhaling 9/11 particles' The Telegraph May 17, 2012
- ^ Donna Summer. Donna Summer. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
- ^ "Donna Summer Exclusive Interview: Bringing her Summer tour to Hard Rock Live" (July 29, 2010). AllVoices.com. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
- ^ "Phoenix Symphony Goes Back to the Days of Disco". Myfoxphoenix.com. 2010-10-16. http://www.myfoxphoenix.com/dpp/entertainment/music/phx-symphony-donna-summer-10162010. Retrieved 2011-04-04. [dead link]
- ^ a b "Obituary: Donna Summer". BBC News Online. May 17, 2012.
- ^ Donna Summer's funeral held
- ^ Pareles, Jon (May 17, 2012). "Donna Summer, Queen of Disco Who Transcended the Era, Dies at 63". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/18/arts/music/donna-summer-queen-of-disco-dies-at-63.html. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ James Reed (May 17, 2012). "Boston-bred pop star Donna Summer dies at 63". The Boston Globe. http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/music/2012/05/17/disco-legend-donna-summer-reported-dead/slfNC5YOHQ96yTCHhoIeHJ/story.html. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
- ^ Oldenburg, Ann (May 17, 2012). "Disco queen Donna Summer dies after cancer battle". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2012/05/donna-summer-dies-after-cancer-battle-/1. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ "Donna Summer". http://www.tmz.com/. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ Hough, Andrew (May 17, 2012). "Donna Summer, 'Queen of Disco', dies age 63 after cancer battle". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/9272977/Donna-Summer-queen-of-disco-dies-age-63-after-cancer-battle.html. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ "Donna Summer: Lung cancer leading cause of cancer death". http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/17/news/la-heb-donna-summer-lung-cancer-20120517.
- ^ a b Donna Summer laid to rest
- ^ a b Donna Summer's Find A Grave page
- ^ Jacob Bernstein (May 18, 2012). "Memories of Donna's Disco Nights". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/20/fashion/memories-of-donna-summer-from-her-disco-days.html. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Reactions to the death of Donna Summer | Reuters
- ^ Gloria Gaynor | AllMusic
- ^ Disco siren Donna Summer dies at the age of 63 on YouTube
- ^ a b c "Celebrities react to the death of Donna Summer". U.S. News & World Report. Associated Press. May 17, 2012. http://www.usnews.com/news/entertainment/articles/2012/05/17/celebrities-react-to-the-death-of-donna-summer. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
- ^ "Donna Summer's Death: Elton John, Neil Patrick Harris, Kylie Minogue and More Stars Remember Disco Queen". E Online. 17 May 2012. http://uk.eonline.com/news/donna_summers_death_elton_john_neil/317025#ixzz1vrkbDktF. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ^ "Statement by the President on the Passing of Donna Summer". The White House. May 17, 2012.
- ^ Courtney Garcia (May 21, 2012). "Billboard Awards cut off Donna Summer tribute to go to commercial". msnbc.com. http://entertainment.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/05/21/11793386-billboard-awards-cut-off-donna-summer-tribute-to-go-to-commercial?lite. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ a b c d Billboard Awards cut off Donna Summer tribute to go to commercial | msnbc.com
- ^ Fans pay tribute to Donna Summer - latimes.com
- ^ ABC News Radio (May 14, 2012). "Donna Summer’s Album Sales Increase by More than 3,000%". ABC News Radio. http://www.classichitsandoldies.com/v2/2012/05/24/donna-summers-album-sales-increase-by-more-than-3000/. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
- ^ Alan Duke (May 24, 2012). "Donna Summer's friends gather for disco queen's funeral". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/23/showbiz/donna-summer-funeral/index.html. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Donna Summer's friends gather for disco queen's funeral | CNN
- ^ Derrick Bryson Taylor (May 23, 2012). "Friends and Family Gather for Donna Summer's Funeral". Essence. http://www.essence.com/2012/05/23/friends-and-family-gather-for-donna-summers-funeral/. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
- ^ Tmz staff (May 23, 2012). "Donna Summer - The Funeral Program". TMZ. http://www.tmz.com/2012/05/23/donna-summer-funeral-program/. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Donna Summer - The Funeral Program | TMZ
- ^ http://tmz.vo.llnwd.net/o28/newsdesk/tmz_documents/0523_summer_1.pdf
- ^ "Digital Spy". http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a382224/donna-summer-1948-2012-reaction-and-tributes.html. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
- ^ New York Times blog [1], May 23, 2012.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Donna Summer |
 |
Wikinews has related news: Disco diva Donna Summer dies at 63 |
|
Book: Donna Summer |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Official website
- Donna Summer at the Internet Movie Database
- Donna Summer collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Donna Summer collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Works by or about Donna Summer in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Gaines, LaDonna Adrian |
| Alternative names | Donna Summer |
| Short description | American singer-songwriter |
| Date of birth | 1948-12-31 |
| Place of birth | Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
| Date of death | 2012-05-17 |
| Place of death | Englewood, Florida, United States |
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This article is about the entertainer. For the former basketball player, see Andy Kaufmann.
| Andy Kaufman | |
|---|---|
| File:Akaufman1.jpg Andy Kaufman as Latka Gravas |
|
| Born | Andrew Geoffrey Kaufman (1949-01-17)January 17, 1949 New York City, New York, United States |
| Died | May 16, 1984(1984-05-16) (aged 35) |
| Resting place | Beth David Cemetery, Elmont, New York[1] 40°41′55″N 73°42′17″W / 40.6986°N 73.7047°W / 40.6986; -73.7047 |
| Occupation | Actor, performance artist |
| Years active | 1974–1984 |
| Notable work(s) | Tony Clifton (character) |
| Influenced | "Man on the Moon" (1992 song), Man on the Moon (1999 film) |
| Television | As Latka Gravas in Taxi (1978–1983) |
Andrew Geoffrey "Andy" Kaufman (January 17, 1949 – May 16, 1984) was an American entertainer, actor and performance artist. While often referred to as a comedian, Kaufman did not consider himself to be one.[2] He disdained telling jokes and engaging in comedy as it was traditionally understood, referring to himself instead as a "song-and-dance man." Elaborate hoaxes and pranks were major elements of his career. His act maintains a cult following and he continues to be respected among comedians for his original material, performance style, and unflinching commitment to character.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Kaufman was born in New York City, on January 17, 1949, the first son of Janice (née Bernstein) and Stanley Kaufman. He grew up in a middle-class Jewish family,[3] in Great Neck, Long Island, New York, and began performing at age nine.[4] He attended the now defunct two-year Grahm Junior College,[5] in Boston, graduating in 1971. He then began performing stand-up comedy at various small clubs along the East Coast.
Career[link]
Foreign Man and Mighty Mouse[link]
Kaufman first caught major attention with a character known as Foreign Man, who claimed to be from Caspiar (a fictional island in the Caspian Sea) and would appear on the stage of comedy clubs to play a recording of the theme from the Mighty Mouse cartoon show and sing only the chorus.[6] He would proceed to tell a few jokes and perform a number of impersonations such as television character Archie Bunker or President Richard Nixon. Some variations of this performance were broadcast in the first season of Saturday Night Live; the Mighty Mouse number was featured in the October 11, 1975 premiere, while the joke-telling and Bunker impression were included in the November 8 broadcast that same fall.[7]
Foreign Man would often try to impersonate a whole series of different celebrities, with the comedy arising from Foreign Man's obvious ineptitude at impersonation. For example,[citation needed] in his fake accent Kaufman would say to the audience, "I would like to imitate Meester Carter, de President of de United States", and then in the same voice, "Hello, I am Meester Carter, de President of de United States. T'ank you veddy much." At some point in the performance, usually when the audience were entirely used to Foreign Man's inability to perform a single convincing impression, Foreign Man would announce, "And now I would like to imitate the Elvis Presley," turn around, take off his jacket, slick his hair back, and launch into an unexpectedly credible Elvis Presley impersonation which Presley himself described as his favorite.[8] Like Presley, he would take off his leather jacket and throw it into the audience, but Kaufman would then immediately ask for it back again. After, he would take a simple bow and say in his Foreign Man voice, "T'ank you veddy much!"
Latka[link]
Main article: Latka Gravas
Kaufman first used a version of the Foreign Man character as Andy the Robot in the pilot for the sitcom Stick Around in 1977.[citation needed] The character was then changed into Latka Gravas for the American Broadcasting Company (ABC)'s Taxi sitcom, appearing in 79 of 114 episodes from 1978 to 1983.[9] The producers of Taxi had seen Andy's Foreign Man act and, according to producer Ed Weinberger, "We weren't considering Andy for the show before we saw him. Then we wrote a part for him." Bob Zmuda confirms this: "They basically were buying Andy's Foreign Man character for the Taxi character Latka."[10] Andy's long-time manager George Shapiro encouraged Andy to take the gig. "My feeling was that it would be a nice boost for his career...and he would be playing a character that he knew very well, the Foreign Man—this particular character speaks poor English in Taxi and his name is Latka Gravas."[11] SNL creator Lorne Michaels said of the announcement: "When he agreed to a situation comedy, we were stunned. We couldn’t understand why in the world. Because he was Andy Kaufman. Going from being that far out of the mainstream to being ground zero of it. Not that Taxi isn’t a good show. But in the pure world of status, he was regarded as a genius. So for a genius to be the 4th lead in a situation comedy was not, at the time, seen to be an act of genius."
Kaufman disliked sitcoms and was not thrilled with the idea of being in one.[citation needed] In order to allow Kaufman to demonstrate some comedic range, his character was given multiple personality disorder, which allowed Kaufman to randomly portray other characters. In one episode of Taxi, Kaufman's character came down with a condition which made him act like Alex Reiger, the main character played by Judd Hirsch. Another such recurring character played by Kaufman was the womanizing Vic Ferrari. His role lead to two Golden Globe nominations, in 1979 and 1981.[12]
Taxi was an award-winning show with a large audience and Kaufman was widely recognized as Latka. On some occasions, audiences would show up to one of Kaufman's stage performances expecting to see him perform as Latka, and heckling him with demands when he did not. Kaufman would punish these audiences with the announcement that he was going to read the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald to them. The audience would laugh at this, not realizing that he was serious, and Kaufman would proceed to read the book to them, continuing despite audience members' departure.[6] At a certain point, he would ask the audience if they wanted him to keep reading, or play a record. When the audience chose to hear the record, the record he cued up was a recording of him continuing to read The Great Gatsby from where he had left off.
Tony Clifton[link]
Main article: Tony Clifton
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Another well-known Kaufman character is Tony Clifton, an audience-abusing lounge singer who began opening for Kaufman at comedy clubs and eventually even performed concerts on his own around the country. Sometimes it was Kaufman performing as Clifton, sometimes it was his brother Michael or his friend Bob Zmuda. For a brief time, it was unclear to some that Clifton was not a real person. News programs interviewed Clifton as Kaufman's opening act, with the mood turning ugly whenever Kaufman's name came up. Kaufman, Clifton insisted, was attempting to ruin Clifton's "good name" in order to make money and get famous.
As a requirement for Kaufman accepting the offer to star on Taxi, he insisted that Clifton be hired for a guest role on the show as if he were a real person, not a character. After throwing a tantrum on the set, Clifton was fired and escorted off of the studio lot by security guards. Much to Kaufman's delight, this incident was reported in the local newspapers. Paramount Television and producers James L. Brooks and Stan Daniels later released a statement that said that although Clifton was "no longer welcome on the set", his friend Andy Kaufman would continue in his role as Latka, which he did until the show ended its run in 1983.
Carnegie Hall show[link]
At the beginning of an April 1979 performance at New York's Carnegie Hall, Kaufman invited his "grandmother" to watch the show from a chair he had placed at the side of the stage. At the end of the show, she stood up, took her mask off and revealed to the audience that she was actually comedian Robin Williams in disguise. Kaufman also had an elderly woman (named Eleanor Cody Gould) appear to have a heart attack and die on stage, at which point he reappeared on stage wearing a Native American headdress and performed a dance over her body, seeming to revive her.
The performance is most famous for Kaufman ending the show by actually taking the entire audience, in twenty-four buses, out for milk and cookies. He invited anyone interested to meet him on the Staten Island Ferry the next morning, where the show continued. This kind of performance art was a hallmark of Kaufman's career. This was depicted in the biopic Man on the Moon; however, in the movie, it takes place after Kaufman was diagnosed with cancer, when in reality, it took place nearly four years earlier.
[edit] Andy's Funhouse
The Taxi deal with ABC included giving Kaufman a television special/pilot. He came up with Andy's Funhouse, based on an old routine he had developed while in junior college. The special was taped in 1977 but did not air until August 1979, on ABC.[13] It featured most of Andy's famous gags, including Foreign Man/Latka and his Elvis Presley impersonation, as well as a host of unique segments (including a special appearance by children's television character Howdy Doody and the "Has-been Corner"). There also was a segment that included fake television screen static as part of the gag, which ABC executives were not comfortable with, fearing that viewers would mistake the static for broadcast problems and would change the channel—which was the comic element Kaufman wanted to present. Andy's Funhouse was written by Kaufman, Zmuda, and Mel Sherer, with music by Kaufman.
In 1980 a very similar looking show to Funhouse would be filmed for Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)'s SoundStage program, called the The Andy Kaufman Show. It would feature a peanut gallery like Funhouse and is often confused with Andy's Funhouse. The show opens right in the middle of an interview Kaufman is doing in which he is laughing hysterically, and then he proceeds to thank the audience for watching and the credits roll. After this, opening credits do come on and the show has its "proper" beginning. This show is easy to confuse with Andy's Funhouse as they both feature "The Has-Been Corner" and Kaufman wears his "I Love Grandma" shirt in both shows among other similarities.
[edit] The Fridays incident
In 1981, Kaufman made three appearances on Fridays, a variety show on ABC that was similar to Saturday Night Live.[14] Kaufman's first appearance on the show proved to be memorable. During a sketch about four people out on a dinner date who excuse themselves to the restroom to smoke marijuana, Kaufman broke character and refused to say his lines.
In response, cast member Michael Richards walked off camera and returned with a set of cue cards and dumped them on the table in front of Kaufman. Andy responded by splashing Richards with water. Co-producer Jack Burns stormed onto the stage, leading to a brawl on camera before the show abruptly cut away to commercial.[15] It was later revealed that this incident was a practical joke which was known to Richards, associate producer Burns and Kaufman but no one else on the cast or crew.[16]
In continuation of the joke, Kaufman appeared the following week in a videotaped apology to the home viewers. Later that year, Kaufman returned to host Fridays. At one point in the show, he invited a Lawrence Welk Show gospel and standards singer, Kathie Sullivan, on stage to sing a few gospel songs with him and announced that the two were engaged to be married, then talked to the audience about his newfound faith in Jesus (Kaufman was Jewish). That was also a hoax. Later, following a sketch about a drug-abusing pharmacist, Kaufman was supposed to introduce the band The Pretenders. Instead of introducing the band, he delivered a nervous speech about the harmfulness of drugs while the band stood behind him ready to play. After his speech, he informed the audience that he had talked for too long and had to go to a commercial.
Professional wrestling[link]
Kaufman grew up admiring the world of professional wrestling.[citation needed] Inspired by the theatricality of kayfabe, the staged nature of the sport, and his own tendency to form elaborate hoaxes, Kaufman began wrestling women during his act and was the self-proclaimed "Inter-Gender Wrestling Champion of the World", taking on an aggressive and ridiculous personality based upon the characters invented by professional wrestlers. He offered a $1,000 prize to any woman who could pin him. He employed his friend, the performance artist Laurie Anderson as a stooge in this act for a while.
Kaufman initially approached the head of the World Wrestling Federation Vince McMahon Sr. about bringing his act to the New York wrestling territory. McMahon dismissed Kaufman's idea as the elder McMahon was not about to bring "show business" into his Pro Wrestling society. Kaufman had by then developed a friendship with Wrestling magazine reporter/photographer Bill Apter. After many discussions about Andy wanting to be in the Pro Wrestling business, Apter called Memphis' iconic Jerry Lawler and introduced him to Kaufman by telephone from Apter's apartment in Queens, New York. That put the key in the ignition and as they say -- "the rest is history." The battles between Kaufman and Lawler became legend and was really the first "sports entertainment" angle that became known worldwide and is being seen even today on TV stations such as Comedy Central.
Later, after a challenge from professional wrestler Jerry "The King" Lawler, Kaufman would step into the ring (in the Memphis wrestling circuit) with a man—Lawler himself.[6] Kaufman taunted the whole city of Memphis, sending "videos showing residents how to use soap" and proclaiming it to be "the nation's redneck capital."[6] Their ongoing feud, often featuring Jimmy Hart and other heels in Kaufman's corner, included a broken neck for Kaufman as a result of Lawler's piledriver and a famous on-air fight on a 1982 episode of Late Night with David Letterman. For some time after that, Kaufman appeared wearing a neck brace,[6] insisting that his injuries were worse than they were. Kaufman would continue to defend the Inter-Gender Championship in the Mid-South Coliseum and offered an extra prize, other than the $1,000: that if he were pinned, the woman who pinned him would get to marry him and that Kaufman would also shave his head.[citation needed]
Kaufman and Lawler's famous feud and wrestling matches were later revealed to have been staged, or a "work", as the two were actually friends. The truth about its being a "work" was not disclosed until more than 10 years after Kaufman's death, when the Emmy-nominated documentary, A Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman, aired on NBC in 1995. Coincidentally, Jim Carrey, the one who revealed the secret, later went on to play Kaufman in the 1999 film Man on the Moon. In a 1997 interview with the Memphis Flyer, Lawler claimed he had improvised during their first match and the Letterman incident. Although officials at St. Francis Hospital[disambiguation needed 
] stated that Kaufman's neck injuries were real, in his 2002 biography It's Good to Be the King...Sometimes, Lawler detailed how they came up with the angle and kept it quiet. Even though Kaufman's injury was legitimate, the pair pretended that the injury was more severe than it was. He also said that Kaufman's explosion on Letterman was Kaufman's own idea, including when Lawler slapped Kaufman out of his chair.
Kaufman also appeared in the 1983 film My Breakfast with Blassie with professional wrestling personality "Classy" Freddie Blassie, a parody of the art film My Dinner With Andre. The film was directed by Johnny Legend, who employed his sister Lynne Margulies as one of the girls who appears in the film. Margulies met Kaufman for the first time on camera, and they later became a couple, living together until Kaufman's death.
Appearances[link]
Although Kaufman made a name for himself as a guest on NBC's Saturday Night Live, his first prime time appearances were several guest spots as the 'Foreign Man' on Dick Van Dyke's variety show in 1976. He also appeared four times on The Tonight Show[17] from 1976–1978, three times on The Midnight Special in 1972, 1977 and 1981.[18] In the 1977 episode, Kaufman performed a song called "I Trusted You" (which features only those three words, repeated over and over, as lyrics), while in 1981 he is shown sitting in the audience during Tony Clifton's act (although it was obvious Kaufman was not in the audience during the sketch).
His SNL appearances started with the inaugural October 11, 1975 show; he made 16 SNL appearances in all,[19] although his last two appearances were pre-taped.[citation needed] He would do routines from his comedy act, such as the Mighty Mouse sing-along, Foreign Man character, the Elvis impersonation, etc. After he angered the audience with his female wrestling routine, in January 1983 Kaufman did make a pre-taped appearance (his 16th) on the show, where he asked the audience if he should ever appear on the show again, and said that he would honor the audience's decision and stay off the show if the vote was negative. SNL ran a phone vote, and close to 195,544 people voted to "Dump Andy" and approximately 169,186 people voted to "Keep Andy",[20] so Kaufman did not appear "live" but Saturday Night Live did air a tape of him thanking the 169,186 people who had voted "yes" for him to appear again.
Though it was never made clear whether this was a gag, Kaufman did not appear on the show again. During the SNL episode with the Keep Andy/Dump Andy phone poll, many of the cast stated their admiration for Andy's work and read the "Keep Andy" number more clearly than the "Dump Andy" number.[21] After Eddie Murphy read both numbers, he said, "Now Andy Kaufman is a friend of mine. Keep that in mind when you call. I don't want to have to punch nobody in America in the face." Mary Gross read the "Dump Andy" number at a rate so fast that audiences were unable to catch it.[21] The final tally was read by Gary Kroeger to a cheering audience. As the credits rolled, announcer Don Pardo said, "This is Don Pardo saying, 'I voted for Andy Kaufman.'"
Kaufman made a number of appearances on the daytime The David Letterman Show in 1980, and eleven appearances on Late Night with David Letterman in 1982-1983,[22] including one where he claimed to be homeless and begged the audience for money and one where he talked about his adopted children, who turned out to be three fully-grown black men.[citation needed]
He appeared twice on The Merv Griffin Show (1979–1980),[23] and once, in 1978 as a participant, on The Dating Game[24] under a presumed name and as a supposedly real contestant. He also made numerous guest spots on other television programs hosted by or starring celebrities like Johnny Cash (1979 Christmas special), Dick Van Dyke, Dinah Shore, Rodney Dangerfield, Cher, Dean Martin, Redd Foxx, Mike Douglas, Dick Clark, and Joe Franklin.[25]
He appeared in his first theatrical film God Told Me To in 1976, where he portrayed a murderous policeman. He also appeared in several others, including as a televangelist in the 1980 film In God We Tru$t.
Laurie Anderson worked alongside Andy Kaufman for a time in 1970s, acting as a sort of straight woman in a number of his Manhattan and Coney Island performances. One of these performances included getting on a ride that people stand in and get spun around. After everyone was strapped in Kaufman would start saying how he did not want to be on the ride in a panicked tone and eventually cry. Anderson later described these performances in her 1995 album The Ugly One with the Jewels.
At Park West Theatre in Chicago on March 26, 1982, Kaufman performed stage hypnosis where he induced local DJ Steve Dahl to urinate while sitting in a large box. Other staged inductions included Bob Zmuda's childhood friend Joe Troiani mimicking the behavior of a pig and long-time friend Bill Karmia dressed as a police officer arresting Kaufman for inducing public nudity with a woman he had hypnotized.
Personal life[link]
Kaufman never married. He was survived by his father[26] and daughter, Maria Colonna, who was born in 1969 out of wedlock with a high-school girlfriend of Kaufman's, but later placed for adoption. Colonna learned in 1992 that she was the daughter of Andy Kaufman when she traced her biological roots.[27]
On December 5, 1969, while in college, Kaufman learned Transcendental Meditation.[28] According to a BBC article, Kaufman used Transcendental Meditation to build confidence and take his act to comedy clubs. For the rest of his life Kaufman meditated and performed yoga three hours a day.[29] He trained as a teacher of Transcendental Meditation in Majorca, Spain from February to June, 1971.[28]
Illness and death[link]
At Thanksgiving dinner with his family on Long Island, New York in November 1983, several family members grew concerned over Kaufman's persistent coughing during the dinner, and openly expressed worry about it. Kaufman claimed to them that he had the cough for nearly a month, but also claimed that an initial visit to his doctor told him that nothing was wrong. After returning to Los Angeles, Kaufman consulted a physician where he checked himself into Cedars-Sinai Hospital for a series of medical tests and a few days later, he was diagnosed with a rare type of lung cancer. Despite his doctor's prognosis that there was no hope for recovery, Kaufman fought the disease until his death.
After audiences were shocked by his gaunt appearance during his performances in January 1984, Kaufman acknowledged having an unspecified illness, which he hoped to cure with "natural medicine" including an all-fruit-and-vegetables diet, among other measures. Kaufman received palliative radiotherapy, but by then the cancer had rapidly spread from his lungs to his brain. His last resort was "psychic surgery", a pseudo-procedure performed in Baguio, Philippines, in March 1984. Kaufman died in a hospital in Los Angeles on May 16, 1984[30] of kidney failure, caused by metastasized large cell carcinoma, and was interred in the Beth David Cemetery in Elmont, New York (Long Island). He was 35 years old. Because he kept the true nature of his illness a secret—almost until the day he died—fans have, over the years, doubted Kaufman's death, thinking that he staged it as the ultimate Andy Kaufman stunt.
Kaufman allegedly told many people—including Bob Zmuda—that he wished to fake his own death prior to his actual death. This has caused some fans to believe Kaufman is still alive.[31] Kaufman himself purportedly claimed that if he were to fake his death, he would return 20 years later, which would have been in 2004.[32]
The 1999 Jim Carrey film Man on the Moon leaves the question open-ended. "Tony Clifton" performed a year after Kaufman's death at The Comedy Store benefit in Kaufman's honor, with members of his entourage in attendance. Bob Zmuda has acknowledged "death hoax" rumors over the years quite tongue-in-cheek, admitting that Kaufman and he had discussed faking his death at times and that he seemed "obsessed with the idea", but he maintains the opinion that Kaufman truly did die and his death was not faked. Bob Zmuda claims he does not think he would be cruel enough to go this long without making contact with his family if he was still alive. His official website states that his death was not a hoax.[33]
During 1990s, "Tony Clifton" made several appearances at LA nightclubs, prompting speculation that perhaps Kaufman was still alive and working under the makeup. Jim Carrey stated on the NBC special Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman that the Clifton character had been passed on by Kaufman to Bob Zmuda while he was still alive. Kaufman's death certificate is on file with the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services and is also available on the website The Smoking Gun.[26]
Filmography[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Acting[link]
- Van Dyke and Company (1975) (TV)
- Van Dyke and Company (1976) TV Series... Regular
- God Told Me To (1976) .... Police Officer
- Stick Around (1977) (TV) .... Andy, the Robot
- Taxi (1978) TV Series .... Latka Gravas/Vic Ferrari
- The Andy Kaufman Special (a.k.a. Andy's Funhouse) (1979) (TV) (also as Tony Clifton)...Latka Gravas/Tony Clifton
- Cher... and Other Fantasies (1979) (TV)
- Andy Kaufman Plays Carnegie Hall (1980) (TV)...Tony Clifton
- In God We Tru$t (1980) .... Armageddon T. Thunderbird
- The Midnight Special (1981) TV Series... Host
- Heartbeeps (1981) .... Val
- Catch a Rising Star's 10th Anniversary (1982) (TV)
- The Fantastic Miss Piggy Show (1982) (TV) .... Tony Clifton
- The Andy Kaufman Show (1980) (TV) ... Host/Elvis
- My Breakfast with Blassie (1983)
- Elayne Boosler: Party of One (1985) (TV) (voice)
- I'm From Hollywood (1989)
Writing[link]
- The Andy Kaufman Special aka Andy's Funhouse (Filmed 1977 as Pilot, Aired on ABC in 1979) (TV)
- The Andy Kaufman Show (filmed in 1980 for PBS's Soundstage) (TV)
- Andy Kaufman Plays Carnegie Hall (1980) (V)
- I'm From Hollywood (1989) (uncredited)
- GOD...and other plays (1999)
- The Huey Williams Story (1999)
- Poetry and Stories (2000)
Composing[link]
- Man on the Moon (1999) (song "Oh, The Cow Goes Moo")
Producing[link]
- The Andy Kaufman Special (1979) (TV) (producer)
Notable TV guest appearances[link]
- The Dean Martin Comedy World 6 June 1974
- The Joe Franklin Show 20 June 1974
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 1.1) 11 October 1975 .... Foreign Man
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 1.3) 25 October 1975 .... Foreign Man
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 1.4) 8 November 1975 .... Foreign Man
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 1.15) 28 February 1976
- The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson 23 June 1976
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 2.11) 15 January 1977 .... Foreign Man/Elvis
- Dinah! 17 January 1977 .... Foreign Man
- The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson 21 January 1977
- The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson 3 March 1977
- The Hollywood Squares 15 August 1977
- Redd Foxx 15 September 1977
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 3.3) 15 October 1977 .... includes Elvis impersonation
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 3.7) 10 December 1977
- The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson 20 February 1978
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 3.13) 11 March 1978
- The Mike Douglas Show 11 April 1978
- The Dating Game (as Baji Kimran) 21 November 1978 .... - Participant
- Live Wednesday 29 November 1978
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 4.13) 24 February 1979
- The Tomorrow Show 20 August 1979
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 5.2) 20 October 1979
- Saturday Night Live (uncredited) (episode # 5.5) 17 November 1979
- The Johnny Cash Christmas Special 1979 6 December 1979
- The Merv Griffin Show 13 December 1979
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 5.8) 22 December 1979
- The Merv Griffin Show 25 January 1980
- The Morning show With David Letterman 24 June 1980
- The Midnight Special 23 January 1981
- Fridays (episode # 2.20) 20 February 1981 .... Guest Host
- Fridays playing "Himself – Recorded Apology" (episode # 2.21) 27 February 1981
- Fridays playing "Guest Host" (episode # 3.1) 18 September 1981 .... Guest Host
- Good Morning America 28 October 1981
- Saturday Night Live playing "Elvis" (episode # 7.10) 30 January 1982 .... Elvis
- Late Night with David Letterman 17 February 1982
- Late Night with David Letterman 18 February 1982
- Late Night with David Letterman 30 March 1982
- Late Night with David Letterman 1 April 1982
- Good Morning America 14 April 1982
- The John Davidson Show 15 April 1982
- Hour Magazine 7 May 1982
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 7.19) 15 May 1982
- Late Night with David Letterman 17 May 1982
- Late Night with David Letterman 28 July 1982
- Saturday Night Live (episode # 8.5) 30 October 1982
- Late Night with David Letterman 17 November 1982
- Late Night with David Letterman 7 January 1983
- Late Night with David Letterman 23 February 1983
- Late Night with David Letterman 22 September 1983
- Late Night with David Letterman 17 November 1983
- Rodney Dangerfield: I Can't Take It No More (As Dr. Vinnie Boombatz) 29 November 1983 .... Guest Appearance
- The Top January 26, 1984 .... Kaufman's last television appearance[citation needed]
Legacy[link]
Jim Carrey portrayed Kaufman in the 1999 biopic film Man on the Moon, directed by Miloš Forman. The film took its title from the band R.E.M. song of the same name, which also mentions Kaufman's name. Comedian Richard Lewis in A Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman said of him: "No one has ever done what Andy did, and did it as well, and no one will ever. Because he did it first. So did Buster Keaton, so did Andy.".[34] Carl Reiner recalled his distinction in the comedy world: "Did Andy influence comedy? No. Because nobody's doing what he did. Jim Carrey was influenced—not do what Andy did, but to follow his own drummer. I think Andy did that for a lot of people. Follow your own drumbeat. You didn't have to go up there and say 'take my wife, please.' You could do anything that struck you as entertaining. It gave people freedom to be themselves."
References[link]
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This article's references may not meet Wikipedia's guidelines for reliable sources. Please help by checking whether the references meet the criteria for reliable sources. (April 2012) |
- ^ Andy Kaufman at Find a Grave
- ^ Brennan, Sandra. "Full Biography". All Media Guide. The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/person/37092/Andy-Kaufman/biography. Retrieved 2012-04-09. "I am not a comic, I have never told a joke...The comedian's promise is that he will go out there and make you laugh with him...My only promise is that I will try to entertain you as best I can....They say, 'Oh wow, Andy Kaufman, he's a really funny guy.' But I'm not trying to be funny. I just want to play with their heads."
- ^ Bill Zehme, Lost in the Funhouse: The Life and Mind of Andy Kaufman (New York 2001)
- ^ ""The Real Man on the Moon Talks" by Kaufman's father". Andykaufman.jvlnet.com. http://andykaufman.jvlnet.com/realmotm.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
- ^ List of Alumni at college web page
- ^ a b c d e Drash, Wayne (April 7, 2012). "The Great Ruse: The comedic genius who rocked wrestling". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/07/us/kaufman-lawler-wrestling-match/. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ SNL: The complete first season, 1975-1976. DVD recording.
- ^ Andy Kaufman at Yahoo! Movies
- ^ Taxi from IMDb
- ^ "Andy Kaufman Oral History", interviews with Don Steinberg, originally published in short form in GQ Magazine, December 1999.
- ^ Quoted in Lost in the Funhouse: The Life and Mind of Andy Kaufman by Bill Zehme (2001), p. 6.
- ^ Andy Kaufman awards from IMDb
- ^ Andy's Funhouse from IMDb
- ^ Kaufman on Fridays from IMDb
- ^ "Andy Kaufman on Fridays from FridaysFan". Funnyordie.com. http://www.funnyordie.com/videos/544255131b. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
- ^ "Michael Richards 'Speaking Freely' transcript", Recorded Feb. 28, 2002, in Aspen, Colorado
- ^ Tonight Show from IMDb
- ^ Midnight Special from IMDb
- ^ Kaufman on SNL from IMDb
- ^ Alan Graham (producer) (2008-02-21) (SWF). The Passion of Andy Kaufman (Archive footage). Subterranean Cinema. Event occurs at 2:20:00. http://video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid=-2545402202011032395. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
- ^ a b Alan Graham (producer) (2008-02-21) (SWF). The Passion of Andy Kaufman (Archive footage). Subterranean Cinema. Event occurs at 2:10:55–2:20:33. http://video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid=-2545402202011032395. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
- ^ Late Night with David Letterman from IMDb
- ^ Merv Griffin Show from IMDb
- ^ The Dating Game from IMDb
- ^ guest appearances from IMDb
- ^ a b "Kaufman death certificate on". The Smoking Gun. 1984-05-16. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/kaufmandeath1.html. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
- ^ "Waking Andy Kaufman". The Village Voice. 9 November 1999. http://radio.villagevoice.com/1999-11-09/long-island-voice/waking-andy-kaufman/4.
- ^ a b "The Life and Mind of Andy Kaufman". Andykaufman.jvlnet.com. http://andykaufman.jvlnet.com/aktime.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
- ^ "BBC online, June 25, 2003". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A1043173. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
- ^ "California Death Index". Vitals.rootsweb.com. http://vitals.rootsweb.com/ca/death/search.cgi. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
- ^ Andy Kaufman Revealed! by Bob Zmuda
- ^ "Andy Kaufman Revealed!". New York Times Online:book review. 26 September 1999. http://www.times.com/books/99/09/26/bib/990926.rv103930.html.
- ^ "The Last(?) Days of Andy Kaufman". Andykaufman.jvlnet.com. http://andykaufman.jvlnet.com/final.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-22.
- ^ "A Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman". 29 March 1995. NBC.
Further reading[link]
- Zehme, Bill (2001), Lost in the Funhouse: The Life and Mind of Andy Kaufman, Delta Books. ISBN 0-385-33372-2
- Zmuda, Bob (2001), Andy Kaufman Revealed!: Best Friend Tells All, Back Bay Books. ISBN 0-316-61098-4
- Hecht, Julie (2001), Was This Man a Genius? Talks with Andy Kaufman, Vintage Books. ISBN 0-375-50457-5
External links[link]
- The Tony Clifton Story the "lost" Kaufman screenplay
|
||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Kaufman, Andy |
| Alternative names | Kaufman, Andrew Geoffrey |
| Short description | American comic actor and performance artist |
| Date of birth | 17 January 1949 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | 16 May 1984 |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Kaufman
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
