Funkadelic was an American band most prominent during the 1970s. The band and its sister act Parliament, both led by George Clinton, began the funk music culture of that decade.^[1]

History[link]

The group that would become Funkadelic was originally formed by George Clinton in 1964, as the unnamed musical backing for his doo wop group The Parliaments while on tour. The band originally consisted of musicians Frankie Boyce, Richard Boyce, and Langston Booth plus the five members of the Parliaments on vocals. Boyce, Boyce, and Booth enlisted in the Army in 1966, and Clinton recruited bassist Billy Bass Nelson and guitarist Eddie Hazel in 1967, then also added guitarist Tawl Ross and drummer Tiki Fulwood. The band name "Funkadelic" was coined by Nelson after the band relocated to Detroit. By 1968, because of a dispute with Revilot, the record company that owned the name "The Parliaments", the ensemble began playing under the name Funkadelic.

As Funkadelic, the group signed to Westbound in 1968. Around this time, the group's music evolved from soul and doo wop into a harder guitar-driven mix of psychedelic rock, soul and funk, much influenced by the popular musical (and political) movements of the time. Jimi Hendrix and Sly Stone were major inspirations.^[2] This style later evolved into a tighter guitar-based funk (circa 1971-75), which subsequently, during the height of Parliament-Funkadelic success (circa 1976-81), added elements of R&B and electronic music, with less psychedelic rock elements.

The group's self-titled debut album, Funkadelic, was released in 1970. The credits listed organist Mickey Atkins plus Clinton, Fulwood, Hazel, Nelson, and Ross. The recording also included the rest of the Parliaments singers (still uncredited due to contractual concerns), several uncredited session musicians then employed by Motown, as well as Ray Monette (of Rare Earth) and future P-Funk mainstay Bernie Worrell.

Bernie Worrell was officially credited starting with Funkadelic's second album, 1970s Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow, thus beginning a long working relationship between Worrell and Clinton. The album Maggot Brain followed in 1971. The first three Funkadelic albums displayed strong psychedelic influences (not least in terms of production) and limited commercial potential, despite containing many songs that stayed in the band's setlist for several years and would influence many future funk, rock, and hip hop artists.

After the release of Maggot Brain, the Funkadelic lineup was expanded greatly. Tawl Ross was unavailable after experiencing either a bad LSD trip or a speed overdose, while Billy Bass Nelson and Eddie Hazel quit due to financial concerns. From this point, many more musicians and singers would be added during Funkadelic's (and Parliament's) history, including the recruitment of several members of the famous James Brown backing band The JB's in 1972 - most notably Bootsy Collins and the Horny Horns. Bootsy and his brother Catfish Collins were recruited by Clinton to replace the departed Nelson and Hazel. Bootsy in particular become a major contributor to the P-Funk sound. In 1972, this new line-up released the politically charged double album America Eats Its Young. The lineup stabilized a bit with the album Cosmic Slop in 1973, featuring major contributions from recently added singer-guitarist Garry Shider. After first leaving the band, Eddie Hazel spent a year in jail for drug possession and assault, then returned to make major contributions to the 1974 album Standing on the Verge of Getting It On. Hazel only contributed to P-Funk sporadically thereafter.^[3]

George Clinton revived Parliament in 1974 and signed that act to Casablanca Records. Parliament and Funkadelic featured mostly the same stable of personnel but operated concurrently under two names. At first, Parliament was designated as a more mainstream funk ensemble dominated by soulful vocals and horn arrangements, while Funkadelic was designated as a more experimental and freestyle guitar-based funk band. The ensemble usually toured under the combined name Parliament-Funkadelic or simply P-Funk (which also became the catch-all term for George Clinton's rapidly growing stable of funk artists).

In 1975 Michael Hampton, a teen guitar prodigy, replaced Hazel as the premier lead guitarist in Parliament-Funkadelic, and was a major contributor to the next several Funkadelic albums. Funkadelic left Westbound in 1976 and moved to Warner Brothers. Their first album for Warner was Hardcore Jollies in 1976. Just before leaving Westbound, Clinton provided that label with a collection of recently recorded outtakes, which Westbound released as the album Tales of Kidd Funkadelic. That album did significantly better commercially than Hardcore Jollies and included "Undisco Kidd", an R&B Top 30 single. In 1977, Westbound capitalized further by releasing the anthology The Best of the Early Years.

As Parliament began achieving significant mainstream success in the 1975-1978 period, Funkadelic recorded and released its most successful and influential album, One Nation Under a Groove in 1978, adding former Ohio Players keyboardist Walter "Junie" Morrison and reflecting a more melodic dance-based sound. The title track spent six weeks at #1 on the R&B charts, around the time that Parliament was enjoying the #1 R&B singles "Flash Light" and "Aqua Boogie". Uncle Jam Wants You in 1979 continued Funkadelic's new more electronic sound production. The album contains the fifteen-minute "(Not Just) Knee Deep" featuring former Spinners lead singer Philippé Wynne, an edited version of which topped the R&B charts. The final official Funkadelic album, The Electric Spanking of War Babies, was released in 1981. The release was originally a double-album project, but it was reduced to a single disc under pressure from Warner Brothers. Some of the deleted tracks would appear on future P-Funk releases, most notably the 1982 hit single "Atomic Dog" which appeared on the first George Clinton solo album.

Meanwhile, the album Connections & Disconnections (re-issued on CD as Who's a Funkadelic) was released under the name Funkadelic in 1981. The album was recorded by former Funkadelic members and original Parliaments Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon, and Grady Thomas, who had left P-Funk in 1977 after disagreements with George Clinton's management practices. This LP, notable for its heavy use of Thomas "Pae-dog" McEvoy's jazz horn, contains the track called "You'll Like It Too", which came a very popular breakbeat source for the Hip hop community in the 80s. Another rebellious former band member, drummer Jerome Brailey, released the album Mutiny on the Mamaship, by his new band Mutiny. Even Clinton himself found this to be a good album despite containing lyrics that mocked him and his management of the P-Funk enterprise.

In the early 1980s, with legal difficulties arising from the multiple names used by multiple groups, as well as a shakeup at Parliament's record label, George Clinton dissolved Parliament and Funkadelic as recording and touring entities. However, many of the musicians in later versions of the two groups remained employed by Clinton. Clinton continued to release new albums regularly, sometimes under his own name and sometimes under the name George Clinton & the P-Funk All-Stars. In the mid-1980s, the last Funkadelic album By Way Of The Drum was recorded by Clinton with P-Funk personnel and many electronic devices. The album was rejected by its record label and did not see official release in America until it appeared as a reissue in 2007. It features a cover of "Sunshine Of Your Love" by Cream. The album did not receive any publicity, but still received favorable reviews.

Clinton continued his P-Funk collective in the 1990s and 2000s, with a revolving stable of musicians, some of whom remain from the classic lineups of Funkadelic and Parliament. The rock-oriented sound of Funkadelic has diminished, as Clinton has moved towards more of an R&B and hip hop sound. In 1997 the group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.^[4]

Filmmaker Yvonne Smith of New York City-based Brazen Hussy productions produced Parliament-Funkadelic: One Nation Under a Groove, a full-length documentary about the groundbreaking group, which aired on PBS in 2005.^[5] As of 2008, Clinton was at work on a new Funkadelic album for his new record label. In November 2008, Westbound Records released Toys, a collection of Funkadelic outtakes and demos from the Free Your Mind and America Eats Its Young era. Critical reception of the album has generally been positive.

Discography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• History of Parliament/Funkadelic (at the P-Funk portal NewFunkTimes.com).
• The Motherpage.
• Funkadelic discography at Discogs.

v t e Parliament-Funkadelic Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Jerome "Bigfoot" Brailey • George Clinton • Bootsy Collins • Ray Davis • Ramon "Tiki" Fulwood • Glen Goins • Michael Hampton • Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins • Eddie Hazel • Walter "Junie" Morrison • Cordell "Boogie" Mosson • "Billy Bass" Nelson • Garry Shider • Calvin Simon • Grady Thomas • Bernie Worrell Related articles Parliament • Funkadelic  • House Guests • Godmoma • Kiddo • Original P • The Pacemakers • The Parliaments • Zapp  • List of P-Funk members • Pedro Bell • Armen Boladian • Children of Production • Bill Laswell • Overton Loyd • P-Funk • P-Funk Earth Tour • P-Funk Mothership • P-Funk mythology • P-Funk projects • Uncle Jam Records • Red Hot Chili Peppers Parliament discography Osmium • Up for the Down Stroke • Chocolate City • Mothership Connection • The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein • Live: P-Funk Earth Tour • Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome • Motor Booty Affair • Gloryhallastoopid • Trombipulation Funkadelic discography Funkadelic • Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow • Maggot Brain • America Eats Its Young • Cosmic Slop • Standing on the Verge of Getting It On • Let's Take It to the Stage • Tales of Kidd Funkadelic • Hardcore Jollies • One Nation Under a Groove • Uncle Jam Wants You • Connections & Disconnections • The Electric Spanking of War Babies • Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan – 12th September 1971 • By Way of the Drum • Toys • U.S. Music With Funkadelic George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic Computer Games • Urban Dancefloor Guerillas • You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish • Some of My Best Jokes Are Friends • R&B Skeletons in the Closet • The Mothership Connection - Live from Houston • The Cinderella Theory • Live at the Beverly Theater • Hey, Man, Smell My Finger • Dope Dogs • Mothership Connection Newberg Session • T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M. • Live 1976–1993 • How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? • George Clinton and His Gangsters of Love Bootsy Collins Stretchin' Out in Bootsy's Rubber Band • Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby! • Bootsy? Player of the Year • This Boot is Made for Fonk-N • Ultra Wave • The One Giveth, the Count Taketh Away • What's Bootsy Doin'? • Jungle Bass • Blasters of the Universe • Lord of the Harvest • Keepin' Dah Funk Alive 4-1995 • Fresh Outta 'P' University • Live in Louisville 1978 • Play With Bootsy • Live In Concert 1998 • Live in Oklahoma 1976 • Christmas Is 4 Ever • Tha Funk Capital of the World Eddie Hazel Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs • Rest in P The Horny Horns A Blow for Me, a Toot for You • Say Blow by Blow Backwards • The Final Blow Bernie Worrell All the Woo in the World • Funk of Ages • Pieces Of Woo: The Other Side  • Blacktronic Science • Free Agent: A Spaced Odyssey The Brides of Funkenstein Funk or Walk • Never Buy Texas from a Cowboy • Live at the Howard Theatre Parlet Pleasure Principle • Invasion of the Booty Snatchers • Play Me or Trade Me Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins A Whole Nother Thang (1976)  • Radio Active (1978)  • A Whole Nother Radio Active Thang (1994) Ruth Copeland Self Portrait (1970)  • I Am What I Am (1971)  • Take Me To Baltimore (1976) Mutiny Mutiny on the Mamaship (1979)  • Funk Plus the One (1980)  • A Night Out With the Boys (1983)  • Aftershock 2005 (1996) Other spinoffs Quazar (1978)  • Sweat Band (1980) • Federation of Tackheads (1985)  • Lifestyles of the Roach and Famous (1988) Out of the Dark (1993) • Heavy Metal Funkason (1998) Filmography The Night Before • PCU • Parliament-Funkadelic: One Nation Under a Groove • George Clinton: The Mothership Connection Category

The bands The Parliaments, Parliament, and Funkadelic cannot be easily separated. For details on the individual bands, see their separate articles.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007)

Parliament-Funkadelic
George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic performing at the Granada Theater in Dallas, Texas, May 4, 2006
Background information
Origin	Plainfield, New Jersey, U.S. Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
Genres	Funk, psychedelic soul, psychedelic rock, funk rock, P-Funk
Years active	1968–present

Parliament-Funkadelic is a funk, soul and rock music collective headed by George Clinton. Their style has been dubbed P-Funk. Collectively the group has existed under various names since the 1960s and has been known for top-notch musicianship, politically charged lyrics, outlandish concept albums and memorable live performances. They influenced numerous post-disco and post-punk music groups of the 1980s and 1990s.^[1]

The collective's origins date back to the doo-wop group The Parliaments, formed in the late 1950s in Plainfield, New Jersey. Under Clinton's direction, by the early 1970s the groups Parliament and Funkadelic were operating concurrently and consisted of the same stable of musicians playing different types of funk music for two different labels. The name "Parliament-Funkadelic" became the catch-all term for the multiple bands in Clinton's stable. By the late 1970s the collective had grown to include dozens of musicians recording and touring under many different group names and solo projects. (See P-Funk offshoot groups and solo ventures.) Overall, the collective achieved thirteen top ten hits in the American R&B music charts between 1967 and 1983, including six number one hits. Funkadelic is a funk band with a psychedelic rock touch whose influences include the amplifier sounds of Jimi Hendrix and Led Zeppelin, James Brown's funk, blues, Sun Ra's experimentation, Frank Zappa's and the Coasters' humour, the concept albums of the Beatles and the Who and southern soul artists like Otis Redding and Screamin' Jay Hawkins. Parliament is a funk/R&B band whose influences are the funky side of Hendrix and Sly Stone, Motown soul groups turned funk groups like the Temptations, the political songs of the Impressions, Rufus Thomas' southern funk, doo-wop groups like the Coasters for the humour and Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers.

By the early 1980s, Clinton consolidated the collective's multiple projects and continued touring under the names "George Clinton and the P-Funk All-Stars" or "George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic." Some former members of Parliament perform under the name "Original P". Sixteen members of Parliament-Funkadelic were inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997.

The etymology of the term "P-Funk" is subject to multiple interpretations. It has been identified typically as an abbreviation of "Parliament-Funkadelic." Another suggested definition is "Plainfield Funk", referring to Plainfield, New Jersey, the hometown of the band's original line-up. The liner notes of CD versions of the 1978 Parliament album Motor Booty Affair suggest that the "P" stands for "Pure." It has also been suggested that it is an abbreviation of "Psychedelic Funk." The breakout popularity of Parliament-Funkadelic lead to widespread use of the term "P-Funk" to describe what is now considered to be a genre of music in its own right.

History[link]

The Parliaments[link]

For more details on this phase of the collective's career, see also The Parliaments.

The P-Funk story began in 1956 in Plainfield, New Jersey, with a doo-wop group formed by fifteen-year-old George Clinton. This was The Parliaments, a name inspired by Parliament cigarettes. By the early 1960s, the group had solidified into the five-man lineup of Clinton, Ray "Stingray" Davis, Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins, Calvin Simon and Grady Thomas. Later, the group rehearsed in a barbershop partially owned by Clinton and entertained the customers. The Parliaments finally achieved a hit single in 1967 with "(I Wanna) Testify" while Clinton began commuting to Detroit as a songwriter and producer for Motown Records.

Funkadelic and Parliament[link]

For more details on this phase of the collective's career, see also Funkadelic and Parliament.

By the late 1960s Clinton had assembled a touring band to back up the Parliaments, the first stable lineup of which included Billy Bass Nelson (bass), Eddie Hazel (lead guitarist), Tawl Ross (guitarist), Tiki Fulwood (drums), and Mickey Atkins (keyboards). After a contractual dispute in which Clinton temporarily lost the rights to the name "The Parliaments," Clinton brought the backing musicians forward and christened them Funkadelic, a guitar-based raw funk band with heavy psychedelic rock influences. Clinton signed Funkadelic to Westbound Records, and the five Parliaments singers were credited as "guests" while the five musicians were listed as the main group members. The debut album Funkadelic was released in 1970.

Meanwhile, Clinton regained the rights to the name "The Parliaments" and initiated another new entity, now known as Parliament, with the same five singers and five musicians but this time as a smoother R&B-based funk ensemble that Clinton positioned as a counterpoint to the more rock-oriented Funkadelic. Parliament first recorded for Invictus Records in 1970, and after a hiatus in which Clinton focused on Funkadelic, Parliament was signed to Casablanca Records and released its debut album Up for the Down Stroke in 1974. The two bands began to tour together under the collective name "Parliament-Funkadelic."

By this time the original ten-member lineup of Parliament-Funkadelic had begun to splinter, but many others joined for various album releases by either band, leading to a collective with a fluid and rapidly expanding membership. Notable members to join during this period include keyboardist Bernie Worrell, bassist Bootsy Collins, guitarist Garry Shider, and The Horny Horns.

Bootsy Collins

In the 1975-1979 period, both Parliament and Funkadelic achieved several high-charting albums and singles on both the R&B and Pop charts. Many members of the collective began to branch out into side bands and solo projects under George Clinton's tutelage, including Bootsy's Rubber Band, Parlet, and The Brides of Funkenstein, while longtime members like Eddie Hazel recorded solo albums with songwriting and studio help from the collective. The Parliament albums of this period had become concept albums with themes from science fiction and afro-futurism, elaborate political and sociological themes, and an evolving storyline with recurring fictional characters. Parliament-Funkadelic stage shows (particularly the P-Funk Earth Tour of 1976) were expanded to include imagery from science fiction and a stage prop known as the Mothership. These concepts came to be known as the P-Funk mythology.

By the late 1970s the Parliament-Funkadelic collective became over-extended and several key members departed acrimoniously over disagreements with Clinton and his management style. Original Parliaments members Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon, and Grady Thomas departed in 1977 after becoming disillusioned with the influx of new members, and later recorded an album under the name Funkadelic. Other members departed and formed new funk bands that detached themselves from P-Funk and even criticized the collective, such as Quazar (formed by guitarist Glenn Goins) and Mutiny (formed by drummer Jerome Brailey). Due to financial difficulties and the collapse of Casablanca Records (Parliament's label), Clinton dissolved Parliament and Funkadelic as separate entities. Many members of the collective continued to work for Clinton, first on his solo albums and later as Parliament-Funkadelic or the P-Funk All Stars.

Modern day Parliament-Funkadelic[link]

George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic at the Roskilde Festival, 2006.

In the early 1980s George Clinton continued to record while battling with financial problems and well-publicized drug problems. The remaining members of Parliament-Funkadelic recorded the 1982 hit album Computer Games, which was released as a George Clinton solo album. Included on this release was the much-sampled #1 hit single "Atomic Dog". The following year, Clinton formed the P-Funk All Stars, who went on to record Urban Dancefloor Guerillas in 1983. The P-Funk All Stars included many of the same members as the late-1970s version of the Parliament-Funkadelic collective, and was so named because of various legal issues concerning use of the names Parliament and Funkadelic after 1980. The name P-Funk All Stars is still in use to the current day, and group has included a mix of former Parliament-Funkadelic members as well as guests and new musicians.

Umbria Jazz 2004

As the 1980s continued, P-Funk did not meet with great commercial success as the band continued to produce albums under the name of George Clinton as solo artist. P-Funk retired from touring from 1984 until 1989, except for extremely sporadic performances and TV appearances. It was at this time that Hip hop music began to extensively sample P-Funk music, so remnants of the music were still heard regularly, now among fans of Hip hop. By 1993, most of the Parliament and Funkadelic back catalog had been reissued. The same year saw the return of a reconstituted P-Funk All Stars, with the re-release of Urban Dancefloor Guerrillas under the title Hydraulic Funk, and a new hip hop influenced album Dope Dogs. In 1994, the group toured with the Lollapalooza festival and appeared in the film PCU.

George Clinton & Parliament Funkadelic performing in Waterfront Park, Louisville, Kentucky on July 4th, 2008

The 1996 album T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M. (The Awesome Power of a Fully Operational Mothership), released under the name George Clinton & the P-Funk All Stars, served as a reunion album featuring contributions from the band's most noteworthy songwriters from the earlier eras, such as Bootsy Collins, Bernie Worrell, and Junie Morrison. It would be ten years before another album would be released. In the intervening time, successive tours would slowly restore some of the broken ties between the original band members, together with an accumulation of new talent. On July 23, 1999, George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic, including noteworthy former members Bootsy and Catfish Collins and Bernie Worrell, performed on stage at Woodstock '99. The collective continues to tour sporadically in to the 2000s, with participation from some of the children and grandchildren of the original members

Legacy[link]

In May 1997, George Clinton and 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the largest band yet inducted. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Parliament-Funkadelic #56 on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time."^[2] In February 2002, Spin Magazine ranked Parliament-Funkadelic #6 on their list of the "50 Greatest Bands of All Time". In 2010, Parliament-Funkadelic was #49 on VH1's list of the greatest artists of all time. P-Funk's effect on modern popular music is immense.^{[citation needed]} Besides their innovation in the entire genre of funk music, George Clinton and P-Funk are still heard often today, especially in hip-hop sampling. The song "Atomic Dog" is one of the most sampled songs in the history of hip hop, especially in the sub-genre G-funk.^{[citation needed]} The Red Hot Chili Peppers video for their 2006 single Dani California featured a tribute to Parliament-Funkadelic.

Key members[link]

This section requires expansion with: more recent members.

Clinton performing in Centerville, 2007

George Clinton (Band Leader, vocals, keyboards, songwriter, producer; born July 22, 1941). George Clinton has been, since its inception, the driving force behind the development of the P-Funk sound, having led the collective since forming The Parliaments as a doo-wop group in the late 1950s. The funk sound, socially conscious lyrics, and P-Funk mythology developed primarily by Clinton have been especially influential for later R&B, hip hop, and rock music.

William “Bootsy” Collins (bass guitar, vocals, drums, songwriter, producer; born October 26, 1951) Bootsy Collins was a major songwriter, rhythm arranger, and bassist for Parliament-Funkadelic during the seventies and was a major influence in the band's sound during that time. His style of bass playing has become especially influential. Collins later focused his attention on his own Bootsy's Rubber Band but continues to make occasional contributions to studio albums by members of the Parliament-Funkadelic collective.

Eddie Hazel (guitar, vocals, songwriter; April 10, 1950 – December 23, 1992) Eddie Hazel was the original lead guitarist for Funkadelic and was a major force on the first several albums by that group. His Hendrix-inspired style has become very influential. After the early 1970s he contributed sporadically to various Parliament-Funkadelic projects. A key early Funkadelic song that captured both the band's unique sounds and Hazel's talent was the ten-minute guitar solo "Maggot Brain" from the 1971 Funkadelic album of the same title.

Bernie Worrell (keyboards, vocals, songwriter, arranger, born April 19, 1944) Bernie Worrell officially joined Funkadelic after the release of their first album and became an important member of the Parliament-Funkadelic collective thereafter. His innovative use of synthesizers has proven to be very influential, particularly his pioneering use of deep, heavy Moog synthesizer to reinforce the bass line. Eventually, he became responsible for many P-Funk musical arrangements. Worrell left the band in 1981, but continues to contribute to P-Funk studio albums and occasionally appears live with Parliament-Funkadelic as a special guest.

Walter “Junie” Morrison (keyboards, multi-instrumentalist, vocals, songwriter, arranger, producer; born 1954) Junie Morrison joined P-Funk in early 1978 as musical director after having success in the early Ohio Players and as a solo artist. Though primarily a keyboardist, Junie composed or co-wrote several of the band's hits at the height of their popularity and served as a lead vocalist, producer, and arranger on many songs for the collective. Morrison stopped touring with the band after 1981, but contributed to many subsequent albums. During his time with P-funk, some of his work was credited under the name J.S. Theracon.

Garry "Diaperman" Shider (vocals, guitar; July 24, 1953 – June 16, 2010) As a child, Garry Shider was a customer at the barbershop where The Parliaments rehearsed and performed, and after some time with his own group United Soul he was recruited by George Clinton into Funkadelic in 1972. Shider became a frequent lead vocalist on several Parliament and Funkadelic albums and was known for wearing a diaper on stage.

Michael "Kidd Funkadelic" Hampton (guitar; born November 15, 1956) Mike Hampton has been the lead guitarist for P-Funk since 1973, and continues to tour with the band to the present day. He was recruited at age 17 to replace the recently-departed Eddie Hazel, and auditioned by performing Hazel's signature song "Maggot Brain." Hampton is known for adding rock and heavy metal influences to the guitar arrangements used by Parliament-Funkadelic.

Dewayne "Blackbyrd" McKnight (guitar, band director) McKnight joined Parliament-Funkadelic in the late 1970s and became a frequent contributor on guitar. In the 1980s he became a musical director for the P-Funk All Stars. After a 30-year association with Parliament-Funkadelic, McKnight retired from touring with the band in 2008.

Glen Goins (vocals, guitar; 1954–1978) Glenn Goins was recruited into Parliament-Funkadelic in 1975 and was an important contributor until 1978 when he departed acrimoniously and formed his own band, Quazar. Goins was known for his gospel-influenced vocal style. Shortly after his departure from the collective, Goins died from Hodgkin's lymphoma at age 24.

Jerome "Bigfoot" Brailey (drums and percussion; born August 20, 1950) Brailey was the most prominent drummer in the Parliament-Funkadelic collective during their period of greatest success in the mid- to late-1970s. Brailey left the collective acrimoniously and formed his own band Mutiny. in which he criticized George Clinton's management style.

Ramon "Tiki" Fulwood (drums, vocals; May 23, 1944 – October 29, 1979) Tiki Fulwood was the original drummer for Funkadelic. He originally quit the band in 1971 but reappeared on several Parliament-Funkadelic releases during the remainder of the 1970s. After also working briefly for Miles Davis, Fulwood died of cancer in 1979.

"Billy Bass" Nelson (bass, guitar; born January 28, 1951) Billy Nelson was a teenage employee at George Clinton's barbershop in the 1960s and was the first musician hired to back The Parliaments in the band that would eventually become Funkadelic. Nelson then brought his friend Eddie Hazel into the band and coined the name "Funkadelic" when Clinton moved the collective to Detroit. Nelson quit Funkadelic in 1971 but conributed to P-Funk releases sporadically for the next few years. Starting in 1994, he toured with the P-Funk All Stars for ten years.

Cordell "Boogie" Mosson (bass, guitar, drums; born October 16, 1952) Mosson joined Funkadelic in 1972 along with his friend and previous bandmate Garry Shider. Mosson was the primary bassist for Funkadelic starting in 1972 and Parliament starting a few years later after Bootsy Collins began to focus on his solo career. Since the late 1970s Mosson has most frequently played rhythm guitar on stage. He continues to tour with the collective.

Notable songs[link]

• "Atomic Dog" (George Clinton)
• "One Nation Under a Groove" (Funkadelic)
• "Give Up The Funk (Tear The Roof Off The Sucker)" (Parliament)
• "(Not Just) Knee Deep" (Funkadelic)
• "Flash Light" (Parliament)
• "Maggot Brain" (Funkadelic)
• "P-Funk (Wants to Get Funked Up)" (Parliament)
• "Mothership Connection (Star Child)" (Parliament)
• "Aqua Boogie (A Psychoalphadiscobetabioaquadoloop)" (Parliament)
• "Bootzilla" (Bootsy's Rubber Band)
• "Funkentelechy" (Parliament)
• "Do That Stuff" (Parliament)
• "The Pinocchio Theory" (Bootsy's Rubber Band)
• "Up for the Down Stroke" (Parliament)
• "Chocolate City" (Parliament)
• "Bop Gun (Endangered Species)"(Parliament)
• "Dr. Funkenstein"(Parliament)
• "Do Fries Go with That Shake?" (George Clinton)
• "The Electric Spanking of War Babies" (Funkadelic)

See also[link]

• List of P-Funk members
• List of P-Funk projects
• Category:P-Funk songs
• Parliament discography
• Funkadelic discography
• P-Funk mythology

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Parliament-Funkadelic

• George Clinton's official website
• the Motherpage (includes an excellent FAQ)
• P.Funk portal (with many interviews, discographies, photos, and links)
• P-Funk Collectors Page on Facebook
• George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic on Facebook

v t e Parliament-Funkadelic Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Jerome "Bigfoot" Brailey • George Clinton • Bootsy Collins • Ray Davis • Ramon "Tiki" Fulwood • Glen Goins • Michael Hampton • Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins • Eddie Hazel • Walter "Junie" Morrison • Cordell "Boogie" Mosson • "Billy Bass" Nelson • Garry Shider • Calvin Simon • Grady Thomas • Bernie Worrell Related articles Parliament • Funkadelic  • House Guests • Godmoma • Kiddo • Original P • The Pacemakers • The Parliaments • Zapp  • List of P-Funk members • Pedro Bell • Armen Boladian • Children of Production • Bill Laswell • Overton Loyd • P-Funk • P-Funk Earth Tour • P-Funk Mothership • P-Funk mythology • P-Funk projects • Uncle Jam Records • Red Hot Chili Peppers Parliament discography Osmium • Up for the Down Stroke • Chocolate City • Mothership Connection • The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein • Live: P-Funk Earth Tour • Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome • Motor Booty Affair • Gloryhallastoopid • Trombipulation Funkadelic discography Funkadelic • Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow • Maggot Brain • America Eats Its Young • Cosmic Slop • Standing on the Verge of Getting It On • Let's Take It to the Stage • Tales of Kidd Funkadelic • Hardcore Jollies • One Nation Under a Groove • Uncle Jam Wants You • Connections & Disconnections • The Electric Spanking of War Babies • Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan – 12th September 1971 • By Way of the Drum • Toys • U.S. Music With Funkadelic George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic Computer Games • Urban Dancefloor Guerillas • You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish • Some of My Best Jokes Are Friends • R&B Skeletons in the Closet • The Mothership Connection - Live from Houston • The Cinderella Theory • Live at the Beverly Theater • Hey, Man, Smell My Finger • Dope Dogs • Mothership Connection Newberg Session • T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M. • Live 1976–1993 • How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? • George Clinton and His Gangsters of Love Bootsy Collins Stretchin' Out in Bootsy's Rubber Band • Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby! • Bootsy? Player of the Year • This Boot is Made for Fonk-N • Ultra Wave • The One Giveth, the Count Taketh Away • What's Bootsy Doin'? • Jungle Bass • Blasters of the Universe • Lord of the Harvest • Keepin' Dah Funk Alive 4-1995 • Fresh Outta 'P' University • Live in Louisville 1978 • Play With Bootsy • Live In Concert 1998 • Live in Oklahoma 1976 • Christmas Is 4 Ever • Tha Funk Capital of the World Eddie Hazel Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs • Rest in P The Horny Horns A Blow for Me, a Toot for You • Say Blow by Blow Backwards • The Final Blow Bernie Worrell All the Woo in the World • Funk of Ages • Pieces Of Woo: The Other Side  • Blacktronic Science • Free Agent: A Spaced Odyssey The Brides of Funkenstein Funk or Walk • Never Buy Texas from a Cowboy • Live at the Howard Theatre Parlet Pleasure Principle • Invasion of the Booty Snatchers • Play Me or Trade Me Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins A Whole Nother Thang (1976)  • Radio Active (1978)  • A Whole Nother Radio Active Thang (1994) Ruth Copeland Self Portrait (1970)  • I Am What I Am (1971)  • Take Me To Baltimore (1976) Mutiny Mutiny on the Mamaship (1979)  • Funk Plus the One (1980)  • A Night Out With the Boys (1983)  • Aftershock 2005 (1996) Other spinoffs Quazar (1978)  • Sweat Band (1980) • Federation of Tackheads (1985)  • Lifestyles of the Roach and Famous (1988) Out of the Dark (1993) • Heavy Metal Funkason (1998) Filmography The Night Before • PCU • Parliament-Funkadelic: One Nation Under a Groove • George Clinton: The Mothership Connection Category

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2010)

Edward Earl "Eddie" Hazel (April 10, 1950 – December 23, 1992) was a guitarist in early funk music in the United States who played lead guitar with Parliament-Funkadelic. Hazel was a posthumous inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Born in Brooklyn, New York in 1950, Hazel grew up in Plainfield, New Jersey because his mother, Grace Cook, wanted her son to grow up in an environment without the pressures of drugs and crime that she felt pervaded New York City. Hazel occupied himself from a young age by playing a guitar, given to him as a Christmas present by his older brother. Hazel also sang in church. At age 12, Hazel met Billy "Bass" Nelson, and the pair quickly became close friends and began performing, soon adding drummer Harvey McGee to the mix.

Career[link]

In 1967, The Parliaments, a Plainfield-based doo wop band headed by George Clinton, had a hit record with "(I Wanna) Testify." Clinton recruited a backing band for a tour, hiring Nelson as bassist, who in turn recommended Hazel as guitarist. Hazel was in Newark, New Jersey working with George Blackwell and couldn't be reached. After Nelson returned from the tour, he tried to recruit Hazel. His mother at first vetoed the idea since Hazel was only seventeen, but Clinton and Nelson worked together to change her mind.

In late 1967, The Parliaments went on tour with both Nelson and Hazel. In Philadelphia Hazel met and befriended Tiki Fulwood, who quickly replaced The Parliaments' drummer. Nelson, Hazel and Fulwood became the backbone of Funkadelic, which was originally the backup band for The Parliaments, only to later become an independent touring group when legal difficulties forced Clinton to temporarily abandon the name "Parliaments"

The switch to Funkadelic was complete with the addition of Tawl Ross and Bernie Worrell (rhythm guitar and keyboards, respectively). Funkadelic (1970), Free Your Mind... And Your Ass Will Follow (1970) and Maggot Brain (1971) were the first three albums, released within two years. All three albums prominently featured Hazel's guitar work.

The third album's title song, "Maggot Brain", consists of a ten-minute guitar solo by Hazel. Clinton reportedly told Hazel during the recording session to imagine he had been told his mother was dead, but then learned that it was not true.^[1] Music critic Greg Tate described it as Funkadelic's A Love Supreme.^[1] In 2008, Rolling Stone cited this as number 60 on its list of 100 greatest "guitar songs" of all time.^[2]

Nelson and Hazel officially quit Funkadelic in late 1971 over financial disputes with Clinton, though Hazel contributed to the group sporadically over the next several years. The albums America Eats Its Young (1972) and Cosmic Slop (1973) featured only marginal input from Hazel. Instead, Hazel began working with The Temptations (along with Nelson), appearing on 1990 (1973) and A Song for You (1975).

For the 1974 Funkadelic album Standing on the Verge of Getting It On, Hazel co-wrote all of the album's songs. On six of those songs the songwriting credit was in the name of Grace Cook, Hazel's mother.^[1] In 1974, Hazel was indicted for assaulting an airline stewardess and an air marshal,^[3] along with a drug possession charge. While he was in jail, Clinton recruited Michael Hampton as the new lead guitarist for Parliament-Funkadelic to replace Hazel.^[1]

In the next several years, Hazel appeared occasionally on Parliament-Funkadelic albums, although his guitar work was rarely featured. One song that featured Hazel's lead guitar is "Comin' Round the Mountain" on Hardcore Jollies (1976). In 1977, Hazel recorded a "solo" album, Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs, with support from other members of Parliament-Funkadelic, including vocals from The Brides of Funkenstein.^[1] He was completely absent from One Nation Under a Groove (1978), Funkadelic's most commercially successful album. Hazel made another prominent appearance in "Man's Best Friend" on the George Clinton album Computer Games (1982),^[1] as well as the track "Pumping It Up" from the P-Funk All Stars album Urban Dancefloor Guerillas.

On December 23, 1992, Hazel died from internal bleeding and liver failure.^[4] "Maggot Brain" was played at his funeral.^[5]

Legacy[link]

Three collections of unreleased recordings have been released posthumously: The 1994 four-song EP Jams From the Heart (which Rhino Records later added as bonus material to its rerelease of Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs), 1994's Rest in P and 2006's Eddie Hazel At Home.

Other recordings by Hazel have appeared on albums by other musicians. Several albums produced by Bill Laswell, including Funkcronomicon (released under the name Axiom Funk, 1995) have featured Hazel's guitar. Bootsy Collins has also incorporated recordings of Hazel in some of his recent releases, for example, "Good Night Eddie" on Blasters of the Universe. The band Ween recorded a tribute to him called "A Tear for Eddie" on their album Chocolate And Cheese. There is an image of Hazel on the back of Primal Scream's album Give Out But Don't Give Up.

Hazel has been featured on a number of lists of greatest guitarists of all time. He was 43 on the list of Rolling Stone magazine's 100 Greatest Guitarists Of All Time ^[6] and was ranked at 88 in a similar list by Uncut Magazine.^{[citation needed]}

Discography[link]

• Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs (1977), Warner Bros.
• Jams From the Heart (1994), JDC - EP
• Rest in P (1994), P-Vine
• At Home (With Family) (2006), Eddie Hazel

References[link]

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2010)

Liner notes to Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan – 12 September 1971 by Rob Bowman, 1996.

Liner notes to Music For Your Mother by Rob Bowman, 1992.

Liner notes to Game, Dames, and Guitar Thangs, Rhino Records, 2004.

External links[link]

• Eddie Hazel at Allmusic

v t e Parliament-Funkadelic Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Jerome "Bigfoot" Brailey • George Clinton • Bootsy Collins • Ray Davis • Ramon "Tiki" Fulwood • Glen Goins • Michael Hampton • Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins • Eddie Hazel • Walter "Junie" Morrison • Cordell "Boogie" Mosson • "Billy Bass" Nelson • Garry Shider • Calvin Simon • Grady Thomas • Bernie Worrell Related articles Parliament • Funkadelic  • House Guests • Godmoma • Kiddo • Original P • The Pacemakers • The Parliaments • Zapp  • List of P-Funk members • Pedro Bell • Armen Boladian • Children of Production • Bill Laswell • Overton Loyd • P-Funk • P-Funk Earth Tour • P-Funk Mothership • P-Funk mythology • P-Funk projects • Uncle Jam Records • Red Hot Chili Peppers Parliament discography Osmium • Up for the Down Stroke • Chocolate City • Mothership Connection • The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein • Live: P-Funk Earth Tour • Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome • Motor Booty Affair • Gloryhallastoopid • Trombipulation Funkadelic discography Funkadelic • Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow • Maggot Brain • America Eats Its Young • Cosmic Slop • Standing on the Verge of Getting It On • Let's Take It to the Stage • Tales of Kidd Funkadelic • Hardcore Jollies • One Nation Under a Groove • Uncle Jam Wants You • Connections & Disconnections • The Electric Spanking of War Babies • Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan – 12th September 1971 • By Way of the Drum • Toys • U.S. Music With Funkadelic George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic Computer Games • Urban Dancefloor Guerillas • You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish • Some of My Best Jokes Are Friends • R&B Skeletons in the Closet • The Mothership Connection - Live from Houston • The Cinderella Theory • Live at the Beverly Theater • Hey, Man, Smell My Finger • Dope Dogs • Mothership Connection Newberg Session • T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M. • Live 1976–1993 • How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? • George Clinton and His Gangsters of Love Bootsy Collins Stretchin' Out in Bootsy's Rubber Band • Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby! • Bootsy? Player of the Year • This Boot is Made for Fonk-N • Ultra Wave • The One Giveth, the Count Taketh Away • What's Bootsy Doin'? • Jungle Bass • Blasters of the Universe • Lord of the Harvest • Keepin' Dah Funk Alive 4-1995 • Fresh Outta 'P' University • Live in Louisville 1978 • Play With Bootsy • Live In Concert 1998 • Live in Oklahoma 1976 • Christmas Is 4 Ever • Tha Funk Capital of the World Eddie Hazel Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs • Rest in P The Horny Horns A Blow for Me, a Toot for You • Say Blow by Blow Backwards • The Final Blow Bernie Worrell All the Woo in the World • Funk of Ages • Pieces Of Woo: The Other Side  • Blacktronic Science • Free Agent: A Spaced Odyssey The Brides of Funkenstein Funk or Walk • Never Buy Texas from a Cowboy • Live at the Howard Theatre Parlet Pleasure Principle • Invasion of the Booty Snatchers • Play Me or Trade Me Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins A Whole Nother Thang (1976)  • Radio Active (1978)  • A Whole Nother Radio Active Thang (1994) Ruth Copeland Self Portrait (1970)  • I Am What I Am (1971)  • Take Me To Baltimore (1976) Mutiny Mutiny on the Mamaship (1979)  • Funk Plus the One (1980)  • A Night Out With the Boys (1983)  • Aftershock 2005 (1996) Other spinoffs Quazar (1978)  • Sweat Band (1980) • Federation of Tackheads (1985)  • Lifestyles of the Roach and Famous (1988) Out of the Dark (1993) • Heavy Metal Funkason (1998) Filmography The Night Before • PCU • Parliament-Funkadelic: One Nation Under a Groove • George Clinton: The Mothership Connection Category

Michael Hampton
Background information
Birth name	Michael Hampton
Born	(1956-11-15) November 15, 1956 (age 55)
Genres	R&B, Funk, Psychedelic soul
Occupations	Musician, record producer
Instruments	Guitar,
Years active	1974–present
Labels	Westbound, Ace, Casablanca Records, Warner Bros. Records, CBS Records, P-Vine Records, Capitol Records, Arista Records, Atlantic Records, A&M records
Associated acts	Parliament-Funkadelic, 420 Funk Mob, Kiddo

Michael Hampton (born November 15, 1956 in Cleveland, Ohio) is a funk/rock guitarist. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic.^[1]

Hampton started his professional career when he was recruited as a seventeen-year-old guitar prodigy by the band Funkadelic, which found itself in need of a lead guitarist after original guitarist Eddie Hazel left the band. Hampton impressed Funkadelic's George Clinton by performing a note-for-note rendition of Hazel's ten-minute solo "Maggot Brain". He made his debut with the band's album Let's Take It to the Stage in 1975, which is dominated by his guitar. Hampton's playing included fuzzy, Hendrix-inspired licks and wailing harmonics.^[2] Due to his young age, Hampton was nicknamed 'Kidd Funkadelic'.

Hampton became a fixture in Funkadelic, and he continued his role as lead guitarist even during Hazel's sporadic returns to the band. Hampton's performances of "Maggot Brain" — which had become more improvised — became regular features of live Parliament-Funkadelic shows, and the song became his signature concert performance. The bonus-EP of Funkadelic's One Nation Under a Groove (1978) included a live version of the song featuring Hampton. The 12" single version of the title track was the first notable Funkadelic song to feature Mike Hampton on lead guitar. One of his most celebrated performances is the lead guitar solo on the Funkadelic hit single "(Not Just) Knee Deep" from 1979, as well the title track to the Brides Of Funkenstein's second album Never Buy Texas From A Cowboy.

In 1981 Clinton was forced to disband the P-Funk musical empire due to financial and legal difficulties. In 1993, he performed on the album Under the 6 with Slavemaster. Hampton performed on the albums released under Clinton's name, which featured many other P-Funk mainstays as well, and he became a member of the P-Funk All-Stars. In 1998, he released his first solo album entitled Heavy Metal Funkason through the P-Vine label in Japan. As of 2007, Hampton continues to perform with the All-Stars, and his performance of "Maggot Brain" remains a staple of their concerts.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Allmusic guide entry for Michael Hampton

v t e Parliament-Funkadelic Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Jerome "Bigfoot" Brailey • George Clinton • Bootsy Collins • Ray Davis • Ramon "Tiki" Fulwood • Glen Goins • Michael Hampton • Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins • Eddie Hazel • Walter "Junie" Morrison • Cordell "Boogie" Mosson • "Billy Bass" Nelson • Garry Shider • Calvin Simon • Grady Thomas • Bernie Worrell Related articles Parliament • Funkadelic  • House Guests • Godmoma • Kiddo • Original P • The Pacemakers • The Parliaments • Zapp  • List of P-Funk members • Pedro Bell • Armen Boladian • Children of Production • Bill Laswell • Overton Loyd • P-Funk • P-Funk Earth Tour • P-Funk Mothership • P-Funk mythology • P-Funk projects • Uncle Jam Records • Red Hot Chili Peppers Parliament discography Osmium • Up for the Down Stroke • Chocolate City • Mothership Connection • The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein • Live: P-Funk Earth Tour • Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome • Motor Booty Affair • Gloryhallastoopid • Trombipulation Funkadelic discography Funkadelic • Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow • Maggot Brain • America Eats Its Young • Cosmic Slop • Standing on the Verge of Getting It On • Let's Take It to the Stage • Tales of Kidd Funkadelic • Hardcore Jollies • One Nation Under a Groove • Uncle Jam Wants You • Connections & Disconnections • The Electric Spanking of War Babies • Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan – 12th September 1971 • By Way of the Drum • Toys • U.S. Music With Funkadelic George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic Computer Games • Urban Dancefloor Guerillas • You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish • Some of My Best Jokes Are Friends • R&B Skeletons in the Closet • The Mothership Connection - Live from Houston • The Cinderella Theory • Live at the Beverly Theater • Hey, Man, Smell My Finger • Dope Dogs • Mothership Connection Newberg Session • T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M. • Live 1976–1993 • How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? • George Clinton and His Gangsters of Love Bootsy Collins Stretchin' Out in Bootsy's Rubber Band • Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby! • Bootsy? Player of the Year • This Boot is Made for Fonk-N • Ultra Wave • The One Giveth, the Count Taketh Away • What's Bootsy Doin'? • Jungle Bass • Blasters of the Universe • Lord of the Harvest • Keepin' Dah Funk Alive 4-1995 • Fresh Outta 'P' University • Live in Louisville 1978 • Play With Bootsy • Live In Concert 1998 • Live in Oklahoma 1976 • Christmas Is 4 Ever • Tha Funk Capital of the World Eddie Hazel Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs • Rest in P The Horny Horns A Blow for Me, a Toot for You • Say Blow by Blow Backwards • The Final Blow Bernie Worrell All the Woo in the World • Funk of Ages • Pieces Of Woo: The Other Side  • Blacktronic Science • Free Agent: A Spaced Odyssey The Brides of Funkenstein Funk or Walk • Never Buy Texas from a Cowboy • Live at the Howard Theatre Parlet Pleasure Principle • Invasion of the Booty Snatchers • Play Me or Trade Me Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins A Whole Nother Thang (1976)  • Radio Active (1978)  • A Whole Nother Radio Active Thang (1994) Ruth Copeland Self Portrait (1970)  • I Am What I Am (1971)  • Take Me To Baltimore (1976) Mutiny Mutiny on the Mamaship (1979)  • Funk Plus the One (1980)  • A Night Out With the Boys (1983)  • Aftershock 2005 (1996) Other spinoffs Quazar (1978)  • Sweat Band (1980) • Federation of Tackheads (1985)  • Lifestyles of the Roach and Famous (1988) Out of the Dark (1993) • Heavy Metal Funkason (1998) Filmography The Night Before • PCU • Parliament-Funkadelic: One Nation Under a Groove • George Clinton: The Mothership Connection Category