Permesta

Thursday, 03 January 2013

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Balikpapan
Coordinates: 1°15′48.74″S 116°49′40.38″E / 1.2635389°S 116.8278833°E / -1.2635389; 116.8278833
Balikpapan is a seaport city on the eastern coast of the island of Borneo, in the East Kalimantan province, a resource-rich region well known for its timber, mining, and petroleum export products. Two harbors, Semayang and Kariangau (a ferry harbour), and the Sepinggan International Airport are the main transportation ports to the city. The city has a population of 639,031, making it the second-largest city in East Kalimantan, after the capital Samarinda.
Prior to the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's name (lit. balik is behind and papan is a plank) comes from a folk story where a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks, which were discovered by a fisherman.^{[citation needed]}
In 1897, a small refinery company began the first oil drilling. Construction of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when a Dutch oil company arrived in the area. On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers which sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese landed and after a sharp but short fight the Japanese army defeated the Dutch garrison. The defenders had partially destroyed the oil refinery and other facilities. After this the Japanese massacred many of the Europeans they had captured. Several campaigns followed until the 1945 Battle of Balikpapan, which concluded the Allied Forces' Borneo campaign, after which they took control of Borneo island.

wn.com/Balikpapan
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies (Dutch: Nederlands-Indië; Indonesian: Hindia-Belanda) was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800.
During the 19th century, Dutch possessions and hegemony were expanded, reaching their greatest territorial extent in the early 20th century. This colony which later formed modern-day Indonesia was one of the most valuable European colonies under Dutch Empire's rule, and contributed to Dutch global prominence in spice and cash crop trade in 19th to early 20th century. The colonial social order was based on rigid racial and social structures with a Dutch elite living separate but linked to their native subjects.
Japan's World War II occupation dismantled much of the Dutch colonial state and economy. Following the Japanese surrender in August 1945, Indonesian nationalists declared independence which they fought to secure during the subsequent Indonesian National Revolution. The Netherlands formally recognized Indonesian sovereignty at the 1949 Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference with the exception of the Netherlands New Guinea (Western New Guinea), which was ceded to Indonesia in 1963 under the provisions of the New York Agreement.

wn.com/Dutch_East_Indies
Indonesia
Indonesia (ⁱ/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.

wn.com/Indonesia
Jakarta
Jakarta ( /dʒəˈkɑrtə/), officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre, and with a population of 10,187,595 as of November 2011, it is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabekjur, is the second largest in the world, yet the city's suburbs still continue beyond it. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. and has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi)
Based on Brooking Institute survey about growth, in 2011 Jakarta ranked 17th among the world's 200 largest cities, a significant jumps from 2007 when Jakarta ranked 171st. Jakarta has seen more rapid growth than Kuala Lumpur, Beijing and Bangkok.

wn.com/Jakarta
Makassar
Makassar, (Buginese-Makassarese language: ᨀᨚᨈ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ sometimes spelled Macassar, Mangkasara) is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and the largest city on Sulawesi Island. From 1971 to 1999, the city was named Ujung Pandang, after a precolonial fort in the city, and the two names are often used interchangeably. The port city is located at 5°8′S 119°25′E / 5.133°S 119.417°E / -5.133; 119.417Coordinates: 5°8′S 119°25′E / 5.133°S 119.417°E / -5.133; 119.417, on the southwest coast of the island of Sulawesi, facing the Makassar Strait.
Its area is 175.77 km² and has population of around 1.4 million.
Beginning in the sixteenth century, Makassar was the dominant trading center of eastern Indonesia, and soon became one of the largest cities in island Southeast Asia. The Makassarese kings maintained a policy of free trade, insisting on the right of any visitor to do business in the city, and rejecting the attempts of the Dutch to establish a monopoly over the city.
The trade in spices figured prominently in the history of Sulawesi, which involved frequent struggles between rival native and foreign powers for control of the lucrative during the pre-colonial and colonial period, when spices from the region were in high demand in the West. Much of South Sulawesi's early history was written in old texts that can be traced back to the 13th and 14th centuries.

wn.com/Makassar
Maluku Islands
The Maluku Islands, also known as the Moluccas /məˈlʌkəz/, are an archipelago within Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located east of Sulawesi (Celebes), west of New Guinea, and north and east of Timor. The islands were also historically known as the "Spice Islands" by the Chinese and Europeans, but this term has also been applied to other islands outside Indonesia.
Most of the islands are mountainous, some with active volcanoes, and enjoy a wet climate. The vegetation of the small and narrow islands, encompassed by the sea, is very luxuriant; including rainforests, sago, rice and the famous spices - nutmeg, cloves and mace, among others. Though originally Melanesian, many island populations, especially in the Banda Islands, were killed off in the 17th century during the Spice wars. A second influx of Austronesian immigrants began in the early twentieth century under the Dutch and continues in the Indonesian era.

wn.com/Maluku_Islands
Manado
Coordinates: 1°29′35″N 124°50′28.54″E / 1.49306°N 124.8412611°E / 1.49306; 124.8412611
Manado (pronounced [məˈnado]^{[citation needed]}) is the capital of the North Sulawesi province of Indonesia. Manado is located at the Bay of Manado, and is surrounded by a mountainous area. The city has about 405,715 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in Sulawesi after Makassar. The municipality of Manado is divided into nine districts: Malalayang, Sario, Wanea, Tikala, Wenang, Mapanget, Singkil, Tuminting and Bunaken.
The name Manado comes from manadou or wanazou meaning "on the far coast" or "in the distance," and originally referred to the further of two islands which can be seen from the mainland. When the settlement on this island was relocated to the mainland, the name Manado was brought with it, after which the island itself became referred to as Manado Tua ("Old Manado").
The first mention of Manado comes from a world map by cartographer Nicolas Desliens, where it showed the island Manarow (today's Manado Tua). Before Europeans arrived to North Sulawesi the area was under the rule of the Sultan of Ternate, who exacted tribute and introduced the Muslim religion among some of its inhabitants. The Portuguese made the Sultan their vassal, taking possession of the Minahasa and established a factory in Wenang.

wn.com/Manado
Philippines
The Philippines ⁱ/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.

wn.com/Philippines
Poland
Poland ⁱ/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.

wn.com/Poland
Taiwan
Taiwan (ⁱ/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.

wn.com/Taiwan
Tarumanagara
Tarumanagara or Taruma Kingdom or just Taruma is an early Sundanese Indianized kingdom, whose fifth-century ruler, Purnavarman, produced the earliest known inscriptions on Java island. The kingdom was not far from modern Jakarta, and according to Tugu inscription Purnavarman apparently built a canal that changed the course of the Cakung River, and drained a coastal area for agriculture and settlement. In his inscriptions, Purnavarman associated himself with Vishnu, and Brahmins ritually secured the hydraulic project.
Tarumanagara existed between 358–669 AD. The earliest known written records of Tarumanagara existence are inscribed monument stones. Inscribed stone is called prasasti in Indonesian language. A prasasti located in a river bed of Ciaruteun river, called Prasasti Ciaruteun, from the fifth century AD, written in Wengi letters (used in the Indian Pallava period) and in Sanskrit language, reports the most famous king of Tarumanagara:
This is the print of the foot soles of the very honorable Purnawarman, the king of Tarumanagara who is very brave and control the world, as those of God Wisnu.

wn.com/Tarumanagara

Allen Lawrence Pope
Allen Lawrence Pope (born c. 1929) was a 29 year old ex-US Air Force first lieutenant who was shot down on May 18, 1958 while flying a B-26 during a raid on government forces at the Indonesian port of Amboina.
Some other twenty aircraft supporting the Indonesian rebels were reported seen with Nationalist Chinese markings covered over with hasty coats of paint, their pilots were Chinese and Americans from Claire Chennault's Formosa-based Civil Air Transport. Pope claimed he was paid $200 for each completed flight by the rebels, but the operation is widely believed to have been bankrolled by the CIA as Operation Haik to overthrow the Sukarno government which was feared to have communist sympathies. Pope's capture along with a number of incriminating documents led to great embarrassment to the US government. US Ambassador Howard Jones characterized Pope as an American "paid soldier of fortune", and expressed his regret at the involvement of an American.
Pope's targets consisted primarily of Indonesian military targets whose destruction would benefit the rebels. It is not known how many missions he completed, but the Indonesian military trial accused him of killing 17 Indonesian soldiers and six civilians over the course of six combat missions. He admitted only to flying one mission.

wn.com/Allen_Lawrence_Pope
Sailendra
Sailendra (Sanskrit:शैलेन्द्र Lord of the Mountain) or officially Sailendravamça (Sanskrit: Sailendra dynasty) is the name of an influential Indonesian dynasty that emerged in 8th century Java.
The Sailendras were active promoters of Mahayana Buddhism and covered the Kedu Plain of Central Java with Buddhist monuments, including the world famous Borobudur.
The Sailendras are considered to be a Thalassocracy and ruled the maritime Southeast Asia, however they also relied on agriculture pursuits through intensive rice cultivation on the Kedu Plain of Central Java. The dynasty appeared to be the ruling family of both Medang Kingdom of Central Java for some period and Srivijaya in Sumatra.
The inscriptions edicted by Sailendras uses three languages; old Malay, old Javanese and Sanskrit, written either in Kawi script or pre-nagari script. The use of old Malay has sparked the speculation of Sumatran origin or Srivijayan connection of this family, on the other hand the use of old Javanese suggested their firm political establishment on Java. The use of Sanskrit usually signify the official nature and religious significance of the event written on the inscription.

wn.com/Sailendra
Sukarno
Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia.
Sukarno was the leader of his country's struggle for independence from the Netherlands and was Indonesia's first President from 1945 to 1967. He was replaced by one of his generals, Suharto (see Transition to the New Order), and remained under house arrest until his death.
The spelling "Sukarno" is frequently used in English as it is based on the newer official spelling in Indonesia since 1947 but the older spelling Soekarno, based on Dutch orthography, is still frequently used, mainly because he signed his name in the old spelling. Official Indonesian presidential decrees from the period 1947–1968, however, printed his name using the 1947 spelling. The Soekarno–Hatta International Airport which serves near Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia for example, still uses the older spelling.
Indonesians also remember him as Bung Karno or Pak Karno. Like many Javanese people, he had only one name; in religious contexts, he was occasionally referred to as "Achmed Sukarno". The name Soekarno means "Good Karna" in Javanese.

wn.com/Sukarno

Facebook - Video dari PERMESTA BUKAN PEMBERONTAKAN..!! EXCLUSIVE TVONE.mp4

Klip video Dokumenter "PERMESTA" Exclusive TVOne diambil dari Facebook - Group "PERMESTA B...

published: 01 Apr 2010

author: BodeTalumewo

Facebook - Video dari PERMESTA BUKAN PEMBERONTAKAN..!! PERMESTA BUKAN PEMBERONTAKAN.mp4

Klip video Dokumenter "PERMESTA" Exclusive diambil dari Facebook - Group "PERMESTA BUKAN P...

published: 01 Apr 2010

author: BodeTalumewo

Facebook - Video dari PERMESTA BUKAN PEMBERONTAKAN..!!- PERMESTA BUKAN PEMBERONTAKAN.mp4

Klip video Dokumenter "PERMESTA" Exclusive diambil dari Facebook - Group "PERMESTA BUKAN P...

published: 01 Apr 2010

author: BodeTalumewo

LIWUTUNG PERMESTA-CLICK 2

ngga bermaksud nyamain Briptu Norman lho,,,,wkwkwkwkkwk...

published: 21 May 2011

author: leewoetoenk

LIWUTUNG PERMESTA-CLICK 1

kata afgan: makasih ya udah ngerusakin pasaran gue,,,,wkwkwkwkwk...

published: 14 May 2011

author: leewoetoenk

KOPASUS TNI AD

KOPASSUS di nobatkan sebagai The best special elit force versi Discovery Channel 2008, dis...

published: 30 Sep 2009

author: ad21lugi

chris john VS rocky juarez (-01)

chris john VS rocky juarez (28/02/2009)...

published: 03 Mar 2009

author: permesta

chris john VS rocky juarez (-02)

chris john VS rocky juarez (28/02/2009)...

published: 03 Mar 2009

author: permesta

chris john VS rocky juarez (-04)

chris john VS rocky juarez (28/02/2009)...

published: 03 Mar 2009

author: permesta

chris john VS rocky juarez (-06)

chris john VS rocky juarez (28/02/2009)...

published: 03 Mar 2009

author: permesta

chris john VS rocky juarez (-03)

chris john VS rocky juarez (28/02/2009)...

published: 03 Mar 2009

author: permesta

chris john VS rocky juarez (-05)

chris john VS rocky juarez (28/02/2009)...

published: 03 Mar 2009

author: permesta

SAS - aku cinta gadis indonesia

SAS - aku cinta gadis indonesia...

published: 09 Feb 2009

author: permesta

chris john VS rocky juarez (-07) DRAW

chris john VS rocky juarez (28/02/2009)...

published: 04 Mar 2009

author: permesta

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photo: AP / Emanuel Ekra

An Ivory Coast troop stands next to the belongings of people involved in a deadly stampede in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Tuesday, Jan. 1 2013.

Stampede after fireworks kills 61 in Ivory Coast

The Guardian

01 Jan 2013

INZA BAKAYOKO. Associated Press= ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast (AP) — A crowd stampeded after leaving a New Year's fireworks show early Tuesday in Ivory Coast's commercial center, killing 61 people — many of them youths — and injuring more than 200, rescue workers said. The death toll was expected to rise, the officials said ... Issa Sako of the fire department rescue team.....(size: 8.1Kb)

photo: WN / Imran Nissar

Youth Brigade of Kashmir carry out a protest demonstration in Srinagar, India, on Monday 24, December 2012. As solidarity with Delhi gang-rape case. The protesters were demanding action against people involved in rape incidents across the country.

Indian gang rape: suspects to appear in court

The Daily Telegraph

03 Jan 2013

A gang of men accused of repeatedly raping a 23-year-old student on a moving bus in New Delhi in a deadly crime that repulsed the nation are to appear in court today for the first time. A British tourist join others in a candlelight vigil to mourn the death of a gang rape victim, in Kolkata, India Photo. AP. 3.52AM GMT 03 Jan 2013 ... Police have ordered a bone test to determine his age and whether he can stand trial in an adult court....(size: 11.3Kb)

photo: AP / Ng Han Guan

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un attends a ceremony to reopen the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun in Pyongyang, North Korea, on Monday, Dec. 17, 2012.

North Korea's leader calls for peace with South in New Year's speech

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

02 Jan 2013

SEOUL -- In a domestically televised New Year's Day speech, North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong Un said he wanted to "remove confrontation" on this divided peninsula and called on "anti-reunification forces" in South Korea to cease their hostility toward the North. The lengthy address, which laid out the national goals for 2013, marked Mr ... Mr. Kim on Tuesday asked for a detente -- but with prerequisites that the conservative Ms ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)

photo: AP / Felicia Fonseca

File - Ram Herder, 89, is shown on May 22, 2008 in his Sanders, Ariz. home that was provided by the federal government as part of a massive relocation project to move Navajos from land Congress said belonged to the Hopi Tribe.

A New Year's Resolution: An Apology Day?

WorldNews.com

01 Jan 2013

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. For good reason Mark Charles, a member of the Navajo Nation, is deeply offended that buried on page 45 of the 2010 Defense Appropriation Act (after pages on the maintenance and operation of the United States Military) is an "official" apology to Native American People ... political leaders and officials find it extremely difficult in expressing remorse for past mistakes ... Escorted by the U.S....(size: 5.6Kb)

photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives

U.S. Army Lt. Col. Mark Martin, right, civil affairs team lead for Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Farah, shakes hands and laughs with Mawlawi Guhlam M. Ruhaani, director of Hajj and Endowment, at the conclusion of a key leader engagement in Farah City, Dec. 29, 2012.

US working hard to have support for Afghan reconciliation

Zeenews

03 Jan 2013

Washington. Aiming to get cooperation through dialogue, the US said that it is working hard to create an environment within Afghanistan and also in the region to have support for Afghan-Afghan reconciliation ... Responding to questions, Nuland said the US supports an Afghan-led process of reconciliation ... Saying that Pakistan needs to engage with Afghanistan directly, Nuland said the US supports dialogue between the two ... PTI ... First Published....(size: 2.3Kb)

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Analysis: Killing Indonesians Isn’t Keeping Country Free

Jakarta Globe

21 Oct 2012

The Indonesian government and its people have struggled for more than six decades to establish a peaceful and harmonious state, but during the process have seen lots of unnecessary deaths involving their own citizens ... Three years after its independence, the nation began to see the beginning of what would be a covert danger to its survival ... Ventje Sumual’s Permesta movement, in North Sulawesi and West Sumatra, attracted world attention....(size: 6.7Kb)

How many national heroes do we need?

Jakarta Post

15 Dec 2011

Indonesia today has 156 national heroes. From 1959, when the first hero was declared, up to the end of Soeharto’s regime in May 1998, a total of 104 heroes had officially been named ... This is the reason why the military rejected the nomination of leaders involved in insurgencies, such as the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI) rebellion and Permesta, for national hero status ... monarchs ... The next question would be ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)

Editorial: When inequality is ignored

Jakarta Post

21 Oct 2011

Most of the separatist movements in the country — the PRRI/Permesta in the 1950s, the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) from the mid-1970s to 2005, the on-and-off Islamic State of Indonesia movement (NII), the guerilla war in former East Timor province, and the prolonged Free Papua Movement (OPM), the embryo of Wednesday’s declaration of the West Papua State — have all been handled with force ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

Issue: Hundreds detained after Papuan Congress

Jakarta Post

21 Oct 2011

Oct. 19, Online. Hundreds of people were arrested in Abepura, Jayapura, in Papua on Wednesday afternoon, for allegedly planning a coup during the third Papuan People Congress. Among the detainees were an activist from the Secretariat of Justice and Peace of the Catholic Church named Neles, Papua Tribal Council head Forkorus Yeboisembut and prominent Papuan figure Edison Waromi ... I remembered Permesta in Sulawesi, formerly the Celebes ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)

Piet Mendur: Capturing history

Jakarta Post

21 Sep 2011

Nowadays in Jakarta one can find a photo printing studio in almost every neighborhood, but veteran photographer Pieter Mendur prefers to go to his trusted place on Jl. Sabang, Central Jakarta, for film developing and scanning ... Despite being soaked, he arrived in his house in Depok with a sparkle in his eyes and was still praising the photo studio ... Ventje Sumual, who announced the establishment of the Permesta movement in Makassar ... ....(size: 5.6Kb)

timeline:
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This article is part of the History of Indonesia series

See also: Timeline of Indonesian History
Prehistory
Early kingdoms
Kutai (4th century)
Tarumanagara (358–669)
Kalingga (6th–7th century)
Srivijaya (7th–13th centuries)
Sailendra (8th–9th centuries)
Sunda Kingdom (669–1579)
Medang Kingdom (752–1045)
Kediri (1045–1221)
Singhasari (1222–1292)
Majapahit (1293–1500)
The rise of Muslim states
Spread of Islam (1200–1600)
Sultanate of Ternate (1257–present)
Malacca Sultanate (1400–1511)
Sultanate of Demak (1475–1548)
Aceh Sultanate (1496–1903)
Sultanate of Banten (1526–1813)
Mataram Sultanate (1500s–1700s)
European colonisation
The Portuguese (1512–1850)
Dutch East India Co. (1602–1800)
Dutch East Indies (1800–1942)
The emergence of Indonesia
National awakening (1908–1942)
Japanese occupation (1942–45)
National revolution (1945–50)
Independent Indonesia
Liberal democracy (1950–57)
Guided Democracy (1957–65)
Start of the New Order (1965–66)
The New Order (1966–98)
Reformasi era (1998–present)
v t e

Permesta was a rebel movement in Indonesia, its name based on Piagam Perjuangan Semesta (Universal Struggle Charter)^[1]. It was declared by civil and military leaders in East Indonesia on March 2, 1957. The center of the movement was in Manado, and the movement was led by Colonel Ventje Sumual. Alexander Evert Kawilarang resigned his position as Indonesian military attache in the USA to become a general in the Permesta army. The Permesta rebels fought against central government troops until the last remnants surrendered and were given an amnesty in 1961.

The rebellion was caused by a combination of reasons. Foremost was that certain ethnic groups in Sulawesi and central Sumatra felt that government policies from Jakarta were stagnating their local economies, which in turn limited any opportunities for regional development. ^[2]. In addition there was a certain amount of animosity towards the Javanese ethic group, who were the most numerous and influential in the newly created unitary state of Indonesia. ^[3]. In effect this conflict was less about an thoughts of secession from the Indonesian state, and more about a fair division of economic and political power in Indonesia. ^[4]

CIA support of the Permesta rebels came in the form of 15 B-26 bombers which formed the rebel airforce AUREV (Angkatan Udara Revolusioner) based on Manado airfield, large amounts of weapons and equipment, significant funds, plus an international cast of CIA agents and mercenaries from Philippines, Taiwan, and Poland. Emboldened by CIA aid, the rebels began a series of airstrikes against cities in Sulawesi and Maluku held by central government. The cities bombed by the rebel planes, piloted by CIA agents, included Balikpapan, Makassar, and Ambon. On 15 May 1958, rebel planes bombed the marketplace of Ambon, killing large numbers of civilians attending Ascension Sunday services.

Responding to the rebel aggression, President Sukarno ordered the Indonesian military to crush the PRRI-Permesta rebellion. A series of air raids by central government airforce (AURI) on Manado destroyed most of the rebel B-26 planes. Meanwhile, a rebel B-26 bomber was shot down on 18 May 1958 by Indonesian pilot Ignatius Dewanto over Ambon. Its pilot, an American CIA agent named Allen Pope, was captured and put on trial in Jakarta where he exposed the CIA's deep involvement in the rebellion. Consequently, the CIA began to withdraw its support of the rebellion.

After annihilating the rebel air force AUREV, central government troops launched an amphibious and airborne assault on the rebel capital Manado called Operasi Merdeka (Operation Independence). Indonesian troops quickly expelled the rebels from Manado, after which they maintained guerrilla resistance around the Lake Tondano area. However, the central government started a successful campaign offering amnesties to induce surrenders. Rebels who had many familial and amicable relationships with many of the central government soldiers began to surrender. The last Permesta rebels surrendered and swore an oath of loyalty to the central government in 1961.

Notes [link]

^ Ricklefs (1982) p243
^ Lundstrom-Burghoorn, W (1981), 'Minahasa Civilization: A Tradition of Change', p.43, Goteburg, Sweden, ACTA Universitatis Gothoburgensis
^ Schouten, M.J.C (1998), 'Leadership and Social Mobility in a Southeast Asian society: Minahasa 1677 - 1983', p. 215, Leiden, KITLV Press
^ Jacobson, M (2002), 'Cross border triangles and deterritorialising identities. Assessing the diaspora triangle: Migrant-Host-Home' ,pp.2-3, SEARC Working Papers Series, No. 19, Hong Kong, South East Asia Research Series Publications

References [link]

Conboy, Kenneth and Morrison, James (January 2000) Feet to the Fire: CIA Covert Operations in Indonesia, 1957-1958. US Naval Press Institute,
Ricklefs (1982), A History of Modern Indonesia, Macmillan Southeast Asian reprint, ISBN 0-333-24380-3

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Permesta

http://id.wn.com/Perdjuangan Semesta

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permesta

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

For the Indonesian Boxer, see Chris John (boxer).

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2009)

Christopher Charles John

Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Louisiana's 7th district
In office January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2005
Preceded by	Jimmy Hayes
Succeeded by	Charles Boustany
Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 42nd district
In office 1988–1996
Preceded by	Donald Thibodeaux
Succeeded by	Gil Pinac
Personal details
Born	(1960-01-05) January 5, 1960 (age 52) Crowley, Louisiana in Acadia Parish
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Payton Smith John
Religion	Roman Catholic

Christopher Charles "Chris" John (born January 5, 1960) is American politician who was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1997 to 2005, representing Louisiana's 7th congressional district.

1 Early life
2 State politics
3 Terms in Congress: Representative, and run for Senate
4 Post-political career
5 Electoral history
6 References
7 External links

Early life [link]

John was born in Crowley, the seat of Acadia Parish, one of six children, and reared as a Roman Catholic. He is of Lebanese, French, and German extraction. He attended Notre Dame Catholic High School and Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. He was a house page while his father, John N. John, Jr., was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives. He later was elected to and served on the Crowley City Council in the early 1980s.

State politics [link]

Chris John first became a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives before he entered the U.S. House. In what was considered a major upset at the time, John defeated the state House incumbent, the former director of the Louisiana State Police, Donald Thibodeaux, in October 1987, by 54-46 percent.

Thibodeaux had won a full term in 1983 after having won a special election the year before to fill the unexpired term of John's father, who died in an automobile accident.

Chris John served in the state house until 1996, when he finished third with 15 percent of the statewide vote in the 1995 race for lieutenant governor behind the eventual winner (and, who, eight years later, in 2003, became Louisiana's first distaff chief executive) Kathleen Babineaux Blanco. John narrowly lost the general election berth against Blanco to a fellow state representative, Republican Suzanne Mayfield Krieger of Slidell in St. Tammany Parish.

Terms in Congress: Representative, and run for Senate [link]

In 1996, John was elected to Congress. He defeated fellow Democrat Hunter Lundy in a runoff.

In 2004, John surrendered his "safe" House seat to run for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by popular Democrat and fellow Crowley native John Breaux, who endorsed him.

Despite the endorsement of Breaux, the most prolific vote-getter in the history of Louisiana, Chris John was defeated by Republican David Vitter of the New Orleans suburbs in the primary, Vitter garnering 51 percent of the vote, compared to only 29 percent for John. The remainder of the ballots was split between State Treasurer John Neely Kennedy and then-state senator Arthur Morrell, both Democrats. Additionally, John's seat in the House fell into Republican hands, as Charles Boustany won the 7th district with 55% of the vote against Democrat Willie Mount.^[1]

Post-political career [link]

John is married to Payton Smith of Leesville, whose father, John Smith, was a member of the Louisiana legislature. They have two sons, twin boys. John has worked as a lobbyist in Washington, D.C since his defeat, making his home in Lafayette, Louisiana, while commuting to Washington. In August 2007, Chris John made public his acceptance of the top lobbying job with The Louisiana Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association, allowing him to move permanently back to Louisiana (Morning Advocate).^{[citation needed]}

In 2009, John was inducted into the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame in Winnfield.^[2]

Electoral history [link]

Louisiana's 7th congressional district: Results 1996–2002^[1]
Year	Democrat	Votes	Pct	Republican	Other	Party	Votes	Pct
1996	Christopher John	128,449	53%	(no candidate)	Hunter Lundy	Democratic	113,351	47%
1998	Christopher John	*		(no candidate)
2000	Christopher John	152,796	83%	(no candidate)	Michael P. Harris	Libertarian	30,687	17%
2002	Christopher John	138,659	87%	(no candidate)	Roberto Valletta	Libertarian	21,051	13%

*No vote totals were recorded in 1998. Section 511 of Title 18 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes, as amended, provides that a candidate who is unopposed is declared elected by the people and his/her name shall not appear on the ballot in either the Primary or General Election.

Louisiana Senator (Class III): 2004 results^[1]
Year	Democrats	Votes	Pct	Republicans	Votes	Pct	Other	Votes	Pct
2004	Christopher John	542,150	29%	David Vitter	943,014	51%	Richard M. Fontanesi	15,097	1%
	John Neely Kennedy	275,821	15%				R. A. Skip Galan	12,463	1%
	Arthur A. Morrell	47,222	3%
	Sam Houston Melton, Jr.	12,289	1%

References [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c "Election Statistics". Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
^ "Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame". cityofwinnfield.com. http://www.cityofwinnfield.com/museum.html. Retrieved August 22, 2009.

External links [link]

Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
Financial information at OpenSecrets.org

United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Jimmy Hayes	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Louisiana's 7th congressional district 1997–2005	Succeeded by Charles Boustany

v t e Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Louisiana

1st district	Livingston, E. • White • Johnson • White • Slidell • Sére • St. Martin • Dunbar • Eustis • Bouligny • Sypher • Lawrence • Gibson • Hunt • St. Martin • Wilkinson • Meyer • Estopinal • O'Connor • Fernández • Hébert • Tonry • Livingston, R. • Vitter • Jindal • Scalise

2nd district	Gurley • Thomas • Ripley • Chinn • Dawson • la Branche • Thibodeaux • Conrad • Bullard • Landry, J. A. • Hunt • Taylor • Mann • Sheldon • Ellis • Hahn • Wallace • Lagan • Coleman • Lagan • Davey • Buck • Davey • Gilmore • Dupré • Spearing • Maloney • Boggs, T. H. • Maloney • Boggs, T. H. • Boggs, L • Jefferson • Cao • Richmond

3rd district	Brent • Overton • Bullard • Garland • Moore • Dawson • Harmanson • Penn • Perkins • Davidson • Newsham • Darrall • Acklen • Darrall • Kellogg • Gay • Price • Broussard • Martin • Montet • Mouton • Domengeaux • Willis • Caffery • Treen • Tauzin • Melançon • Landry, J. M.

4th district	Bossier • Morse • Moore • Jones • Sandidge • Landrum • Vidal • Newsham • McCleery • Boarman • Smith • Levy • Elam • Blanchard • Ogden • Breazeale • Watkins • Sandlin • Brooks • Waggonner • Leach • Roemer • McCrery • Fields • McCrery • Fleming

5th district	Ransdell • Elder • Wilson • Mills • McKenzie • Passman • Huckaby • McCrery • Cooksey • Alexander

6th district	Sheridan • Nash • Robertson, E. • Lewis • Irion • Robertson, E. • Robertson, S. • Favrot • Wickliffe • Morgan • Sanders, Sr. • Favrot • Kemp • Sanders, Jr. • Griffith • Sanders, Jr. • Morrison • Rarick • Moore • Baker • Cazayoux • Cassidy

7th district	Pujo • Lazaro • De Rouen • Plauche • Larcade • Thompson • Edwards • Breaux • Hayes • John • Boustany

8th district	Aswell • Overton • Dear • Allen • Long, Doc • McSween • Long, G. • Long, S. • Long, G. • Long, C. • Holloway

At-large	Clark • Poydras • Robertson • Butler • Johnston • Sheridan

Persondata
Name	John, Chris
Alternative names
Short description	American politician
Date of birth	January 5, 1960
Place of birth	Crowley, Louisiana in Acadia Parish
Date of death
Place of death

http://wn.com/Chris_John

http://de.wn.com/Chris John (Politiker)

http://id.wn.com/Chris John (politikus)

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_John

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Rocky Juarez
Statistics
Real name	Ricardo Rocky Juarez
Nickname(s)	Rocky
Rated at	Super featherweight
Height	5 ft 4 in. (1.63 m)
Nationality	American
Born	(1980-04-15) April 15, 1980 (age 32) Houston, Texas, United States
Stance	Orthodox
Boxing record
Total fights	37
Wins	28
Wins by KO	20
Losses	8
Draws	1
No contests	0

Medal record
Competitor for United States
Men's Boxing
Olympic Games
Silver	2000 Sydney	Featherweight
World Amateur Championships
Gold	1999 Houston	Featherweight

Ricardo Rocky Juarez (born April 15, 1980 in Houston, Texas) is a professional Mexican-American boxer. Juarez has a current professional record of 28 wins, 7 losses and 1 draw, with 19 wins coming by way of knockout.

1 Amateur career
2 Professional career
3 Professional boxing record
4 External links
5 References

Amateur career [link]

Juarez had a lustrous amateur career with a 145-17 record, which included a 68 fight winning streak, a Featherweight Olympic silver medal and a Junior Olympic World and National gold medal. In 1999 he won the world title at the 1999 World Amateur Boxing Championships in his home town. During the 2000 Olympics Gold medal round, Juarez loss controversially against Bekzat Sattarkhanov who was warned several times for holding and not penalized. It should be also noted that by the end of the second round Juarez was losing 11 points and had only 4 points to lose the match by RSC.^[1] Juarez accepted the silver medal.

1998 United States Amateur Featherweight champion. Results were:
- Defeated Daniel Chavez points
- Defeated Darling Jimenez points
- Defeated Aaron Torres points
- Defeated Hong Gu points
1999 United States Amateur Featherweight champion. Results were:
- Defeated Jose Santa Cruz points
- Defeated Francisco Valentin TKO 3
- Defeated Ray Martinez points
- Defeated Aaron Torres points
- Defeated Steve Luevano points
2000 United States Amateur Featherweight champion
Member of the 2000 U.S. Olympic team as a Featherweight, winning a silver medal. Results were:
- Defeated Bijan Batmani (Iran) RSC-3
- Defeated Falk Huste (Germany) points
- Defeated Somluck Kamsing (Thailand) RSC-4
- Defeated Kamil Dzamalutdinov (Russia) points
- Lost to Bekzat Sattarkhanov (Kazakhstan) points

Professional career [link]

Juarez turned pro on January 25, 2001 with a unanimous decision against Pascali Adorno. A highly touted prospect, Juarez rose up the ranks with wins against Hector Velazquez, and Joe Morales. Juarez's 10th round knockout of Antonio Diaz was named Ring Magazine Knockout of the Year for 2003. His first challenge came from 1996 Olympian Zahir Raheem on July 17, 2004, in which he won by controversial decision, possibly due the fight taking place at Juarez's hometown in Houston, Texas. Juarez's first career loss came to Humberto Soto, who was a late sub replacement to In Jin Chi, Soto outboxed Juarez in the whole fight to win the Interim version of the WBC featherweight title. Juarez bounced back with back-to-back wins against Reynaldo Hurtado and Backlin Medrano and earned a shot against Mexican legend, Marco Antonio Barrera for his WBC Super featherweight title.

Juarez fought Barrera on May 20, 2006 in the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. Barrera used his jab to win the early rounds, but it was obvious from the start that Juarez wasn't backing down hurting Barrera's nose in the process. During the second half of the fight Juarez took control by rocking Barrera and making him spit out his mouthpiece several times. In a very close fight, the bout was announced originally as a draw, but later it was revealed that two of the judges scorecards had an error, as Barrera was granted the win by split decision.^[2] Despite losing Juarez gained notoriety by standing toe to toe with one of the best pound-for-pound boxers in the world. Although not required by contract, Barrera and Juarez met in a rematch on September 16, this time Barrera winning comfortably on points through a unanimous decision (117-111, 115-113, 115-113).^[3]

As a replacement for Jorge Rodrigo Barrios, Rocky Juarez stepped in and fought Juan Manuel Márquez for the WBC Super Featherweight title on November 3, 2007. He lost to Marquez on a unanimous decision. Juarez fought most of the fight with a bad cut above his left eye due to an accidental headbutt in the first round.^[4]

On September 6, 2008, Rocky Juarez, (27-4, 19 KO's) won by TKO at 2:55 in the 11th round of the 12-rounder over former WBO Junior Lightweight Champion Jorge Rodrigo Barrios, (47-3-1, 34 KO's).^[5]^[6]

In his fourth attempt at a title, Juarez fought Chris John to a controversial draw on February 28, 2009 in his hometown of Houston. Most ringside observers thought John won.^[7] The two were supposed to fight a rematch on June 27 of that year but John withdrew from the fight due to problems with his blood tests.^[7] The rematch finally took place on September 19 and the fight was won by John.^[8]

Rocky Juarez fought Jason Litzau on April 3, 2010, losing by a controversial technical decision when the fight was halted in the seventh round due to a cut on Litzau's cheek which referee Jay Nady ruled was caused by an accidental head butt. The judges scored it 68-65 and 67-66 twice, in favour of the winner, Jason Litzau.^[9]

Professional boxing record [link]

28 Wins (20 knockouts, 8 decisions), 9 Losses, 1 Draw (s), 0 No Contests^[10]
Result	Record	Opponnent	Type	Round	Date	Location	Notes
N/A	N/A	Yuriorkis Gamboa	-	? (?)	2012-03-03	Staples Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
Loss	28-9-1	Vicente Escobedo	UD	10	2011-09-23	Fantasy Springs Casino, Indio, California, United States
Loss	28-8-1	Alejandro Sanabria	UD	12	2011-02-19	Auditorio Ernesto Rufo, Rosarito, Baja California, Mexico	vacant WBC Continental Americas Super Featherweight title on the line.
Loss	28-7-1	Jorge Linares	UD	12	2010-07-31	Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States	interim WBA Fedelatin Lightweight title on the line.
Loss	28-6-1	Jason Litzau	TD	7 (10)	2010-04-03	Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States	NABF Fedelatin Super Featherweight title on the line.
Loss	28-5-1	Chris John	UD	12	2009-09-19	MGM Grand, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States	WBA Super World Featherweight title on the line.
Draw	28-4-1	Chris John	D	12	2009-02-28	Toyota Center, Houston, Texas, United States	WBA World Featherweight title on the line.
Win	28-4	Jorge Barrios	TKO	11 (12), 2:55	2008-09-06	Toyota Center, Houston, Texas, United States	Won vacant WBO Latino Super Featherweight title.

External links [link]

Professional boxing record for Rocky Juarez from BoxRec

References [link]

^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8IrM2gywvo, Bekzat Sattarkhan vs. Rocky Juarez Sindey 2000 Final
^ http://www.hbo.com/boxing/events/2006/0520_barrera_juarez/columns/fight_recap.html
^ http://www.eastsideboxing.com/boxing-news/Barrera-Juarez.php
^ http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/columns/story?columnist=rafael_dan&id=3094585
^ ringsidereport.com, Houston Fighters Juan Diaz and Rocky Juarez Win Big, but Judges are the Big Losers
^ abs-cbnnews.com, Diaz takes IBO lightweight belt via split decision
^ ^a ^b Dan Rafael (2009-06-22). "John withdraws from bout with Juarez". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=4277081. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
^ http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=4488351
^ http://www.boxingwatchers.com/2010-articles/april/rocky-juarez-vs-jason-litzau-round-by-round.html
^ "Rocky Juarez Professional boxing record". BoxRec.com. http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=1366&cat=boxer.

v t e World Amateur Boxing Champions in Men's Featherweight

1974 – 2009: up to 57 kg

1974: Howard Davis (USA) 1978: Ángel Herrera (CUB) 1982: Adolfo Horta (CUB) 1986: Kelcie Banks (USA) 1989: Ayrat Khamatov (URS) 1991: Kirkor Kirkorov (BUL) 1993: Serafim Todorov (BUL) 1995: Serafim Todorov (BUL) 1997: István Kovács (HUN) 1999: Ricardo Juarez (USA) 2001: Ramaz Paliani (TUR) 2003: Galib Jafarov (KAZ) 2005: Aleksei Tishchenko (RUS) 2007: Albert Selimov (RUS) 2009: Vasyl Lomachenko (UKR)

Persondata
Name	Juarez, Rocky
Alternative names
Short description	Boxer
Date of birth	April 15, 1980
Place of birth	Houston, Texas, United States
Date of death
Place of death

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Juarez

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Make changes yourself !

Notes [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Permesta

Related pages:

http://id.wn.com/Perdjuangan Semesta

Contents

Early life [link]

State politics [link]

Terms in Congress: Representative, and run for Senate [link]

Post-political career [link]

Electoral history [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Chris_John

Related pages:

http://de.wn.com/Chris John (Politiker)

http://id.wn.com/Chris John (politikus)

Contents

Amateur career [link]

Professional career [link]

Professional boxing record [link]

External links [link]

References [link]

http://wn.com/Rocky_Juarez

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Хуарес, Рокки

http://fr.wn.com/Rocky Juarez

http://de.wn.com/Rocky Juarez

http://id.wn.com/Rocky Juarez

http://es.wn.com/Rocky Juarez