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ABC World News is the flagship daily evening program of ABC News, the news division of the American Broadcasting Company television network in the United States. Currently, the weekday editions are anchored by Diane Sawyer and the weekend editions are anchored by David Muir. The program has been anchored at various times by a number of other people since its debut in 1953. It also has used various titles, including ABC Evening News from 1970 to 1978 and World News Tonight from 1978 to 2006.

History[link]

The ABC first began a nightly newscast in fall 1953 with John Charles Daly as anchor of the then-fifteen-minute John Charles Daly and the News. Daly, who also hosted the CBS game show What's My Line? contemporaneously, anchored the news until 1960 with multiple hosts and formats succeeding him. Anchors during the early 1960s included^{[clarification needed]} Alex Dreier, John Secondari, Fendall Winston Yerxa, Al Mann, Bill Shadel, John Cameron Swayze (formerly of NBC), Bill Laurence, and Bill Sheehan. In 1962, Ron Cochran was made full-time anchor, serving until 1965. Then, in 1965, a twenty-six-year-old Canadian, Peter Jennings, was named anchor of Peter Jennings with the News.

In 1967, the inexperienced Jennings left the anchor chair and was reassigned as an international correspondent for the news program. ABC News was hosted, in succession, by Bob Young (October 1967 to May 1968), Frank Reynolds (May 1968 to May 1969), and, eventually, Reynolds and Howard K. Smith (May 1969 to December 1970). The program did not expand from fifteen to thirty minutes until January 1967, almost four years after both CBS and NBC had expanded their evening news programs.

Reasoner, Smith, and Walters[link]

Harry Reasoner, formerly of CBS News and 60 Minutes, joined ABC News in 1970 to co-anchor ABC Evening News with Smith, beginning that December, replacing Reynolds. In 1975, Smith was moved to commentator, and Reasoner briefly assumed sole-anchor responsibilities until his pairing in 1976 with Barbara Walters, the first female network anchor. Ratings for the nightly news broadcast declined shortly thereafter, possibly due in part to the lack of chemistry between Reasoner and Walters. Reasoner would eventually return to CBS and 60 Minutes, while Walters became a regular on the newsmagazine 20/20.

"First News" strategy (1960s–1982)[link]

Because the ABC network had nowhere near the number of affiliates as the other two major networks and, thus, especially in smaller markets, was sometimes carried by a station primarily affiliated with another network, ABC News chose to feed its evening newscast to its affiliates at 6 p.m. Eastern Time/5 p.m. Central Time, one half-hour ahead of CBS and NBC.^{[citation needed]} Even in areas with three full-time affiliates, ABC stations often opted to broadcast the news in the 6 p.m./5 p.m. timeslot to entice viewers by presenting the day's national and international news first, thus making it more likely that they would stay tuned to the station's local newscast immediately following (or one half-hour afterward), instead of turning to CBS or NBC. In some markets, especially in the Eastern Time Zone,^{[citation needed]} it was not unusual for the ABC affiliate to air its local newscast at 5:30 p.m., followed by the network news at 6 p.m., then syndicated situation-comedy reruns or game shows from 6:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. (or 8 p.m., after the Prime Time Access Rule went into effect in 1971). As the youngest and least-viewed of the networks, ABC News employed the strategy to get a foothold on the American public's consciousness, although stations were quite free to tape-delay the feed in order to run it against the other two networks, or, in some larger markets especially, at 7 p.m./6 p.m.

Starting in 1973, before the advent of closed captioning, PBS would air an open captioned version of ABC News five hours after its broadcast on the ABC; the practice continued until 1982.^[3]

By 1982, when nearly all of the nation was served by full-time ABC affiliates and the evening newscast began winning the ratings, the network discontinued the practice and started feeding the news to stations at the conventional time of 6:30 p.m. (Eastern/Pacific)/5:30 p.m. (Central/Mountain) on weeknights.^{[citation needed]} However, the weekend editions still air live at 6 p.m./5 p.m.

[edit] World News Tonight

The early years (1978–1983)[link]

Always the perennial third in the national ratings, ABC News president Roone Arledge reformatted the program, relaunching it as World News Tonight on July 10, 1978. Reynolds, demoted when the network hired Reasoner, returned as lead anchor, reporting from Washington, D.C.. Max Robinson, the first African American network news anchor, anchored national news from Chicago, Illinois, and, also returning for a second stint, Jennings reported international headlines from London, United Kingdom. Occasional contributions included special reports by Walters, who was credited as anchor of the special coverage desk from New York City and worldwide, and commentary by Smith, who was easing into eventual retirement. The program’s distinct and easily identifiable theme was written by Bob Israel. Ratings slowly climbed to the point where World News Tonight eventually beat both NBC Nightly News and the CBS Evening News, marking the first time ever that ABC had the most-popular network evening newscast.

Also during this time, World News Tonight aired an open-captioned version on various public television stations throughout the U.S., produced by Boston, Massachusetts, station WGBH-TV. In place of commercials, WGBH inserted additional news stories, some of which were of special interest to deaf people, as well as late-news developments, weather forecasts, and sports scores. This version aired mostly in late-night hours, several hours after the original newscast.

Peter Jennings (1983–2005)[link]

See also: Peter Jennings: Leaving the chair

In April 1983, Reynolds became ill, leaving both Jennings and Robinson to co-anchor the broadcast until he planned to return; he never did and died from bone cancer on July 20, 1983. A rotation of anchors hosted the program until August 9, 1983, when Jennings became the sole anchor and senior editor of World News Tonight. The program began emanating from New York City on a regular basis in September 1983, at which time Bill Owen replaced Bill Rice as announcer for a year.

In September 1984, the program was renamed World News Tonight with Peter Jennings in order to reflect its sole anchor and senior editor. Robinson left ABC News in 1984, after stints of hosting news briefs and anchoring weekend editions of World News Tonight; he died from complications of AIDS in 1988.

With Jennings as lead anchor, World News Tonight was the most-watched national newscast from February 27, 1989, to November 1, 1996, but from then until February 2007, it was in second place behind its main rival, NBC Nightly News.

In April 2005, Jennings announced that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer and, as before, other ABC News anchors, mostly consisting of 20/20 co-anchor Elizabeth Vargas and Good Morning America co-anchor Gibson, filled in for him. Jennings died of lung cancer on August 7, 2005, at his apartment in New York City, at age 67.

The August 8, 2005, edition of the program was dedicated to Jennings's memory and four-decade career in news. His death ended the era of the so-called Big Three anchors: Jennings, NBC's Tom Brokaw, and CBS's Dan Rather. During his career, Jennings had reported from every major world capital and war zone, and from all fifty U.S. states, according to the network. Jennings was known for his ability to calmly portray events as they were happening and for his coverage of many major world events.

As a tribute to its late anchor, ABC continued to introduce the broadcast as World News Tonight with Peter Jennings in the week following his death. Charles Gibson anchored the broadcast the first part of the week. Bob Woodruff anchored the final edition of World News Tonight with Peter Jennings on August 12, 2005. That night's broadcast ended with one of Jennings's favorite pieces of music instead of the traditional theme music. Beginning August 15, 2005, the broadcast was introduced simply as World News Tonight and stayed that way until January 2006.

Bob Woodruff and Elizabeth Vargas (January 2006–May 2006)[link]

In early December 2005, ABC News announced that Vargas and Bob Woodruff would be the new permanent co-anchors, replacing Jennings. People in the news industry looked at the choice of Vargas and Woodruff by ABC News as the start of a new era in network television news.

The broadcast was produced live three times per day — the regular Eastern/Central Time Zones live broadcast, plus separate broadcasts for the Mountain and Pacific Time Zones. In addition, a live webcast, World News Now, with a newsbrief and a preview of that evening's broadcast, was added. The webcast currently^{[clarification needed]} airs live at 3 p.m. Eastern Time on ABC News Now and ABCNews.com and can be viewed throughout the rest of the day after 4 p.m. Eastern Time.^{[clarification needed]}

On January 29, 2006, Woodruff and his cameraman, Doug Vogt, were injured by a road-side bomb while riding in an Iraqi military convoy. Both underwent surgery at a U.S. military hospital in Balad (fifty miles north of Baghdad, Iraq). It was reported that both men suffered head injuries, even though they were both wearing body armor and helmets. Both men were then evacuated to a U.S military hospital in Germany. Woodruff and Vogt were later transferred to Bethesda Naval Hospital in the U.S. for further treatment and released for outpatient treatment.

Within a few months after Woodruff's accident, ABC News announced that Vargas was pregnant and due to give birth in late summer.

For about a month, Good Morning America co-hosts Gibson and Sawyer had taken turns co-anchoring the newscast with Vargas. During the spring of 2006, Vargas mostly anchored the broadcast alone, becoming the first de facto solo female evening news anchor. At the time, it was unknown what ABC News planned to do until Woodruff returned to the anchor chair, which appeared to be nowhere in the near future, and when Vargas began her maternity leave. Rumors flew that Sawyer wanted to become the sole anchor of WNT in order to beat Katie Couric's switch to the CBS anchor chair.^[4] However, the New York Post's Cindy Adams reported that Gibson would become Woodruff's "temporary permanent replacement".^[5]

Also starting that spring (2006), the West Coast editions of World News Tonight were scaled back because Vargas anchored the broadcast on her own at the time.

[edit] World News

Charles Gibson (May 2006–December 2009)[link]

In May 2006, Vargas announced her resignation from World News Tonight. Gibson was then named sole anchor of the program, effectively replacing Vargas and her injured co-anchor Woodruff.^[6] Vargas cited her doctors' recommendation to cut back her schedule considerably because of her maternity leave, and her wish to spend more time with her new baby. She has since returned to co-anchor 20/20 and ABC News specials and has substituted for Gibson on World News Tonight.

Woodruff, although still recovering from his injuries, returned^{[clarification needed]} to World News Tonight as a correspondent on February 28, 2007.^[7]

While the 3 p.m. World News Now webcast remains, the separate Mountain and Pacific Time Zone editions have been scrapped. Gibson continued to update the newscast as warranted for these time zones, but the entire newscast was not presented live, as was previously the case.^{[citation needed]}

Some media analysts found the reasons for the change^{[clarification needed]} to be merely a cover for ABC News's real intentions to bring stability to its flagship news program that had been slipping in the ratings, and to attract some older viewers away from the CBS Evening News with interim anchor Bob Schieffer.^[8] Indeed, the advertising campaign focused on Gibson's experience, calling Gibson "Your Trusted Source", similar to a campaign for Jennings, "Trust Is Earned", in the wake of the Killian documents controversy at CBS and Brian Williams's assumption of the NBC anchor chair.^[9]

On July 19, 2006, ABC News announced that World News Tonight would have its name officially changed to World News With Charles Gibson.^[10] The network chose to make the small name change in order to reflect the program's availability twenty-four hours a day through its webcast and through ABCNews.com.

In the February 2007 sweeps, World News with Charles Gibson achieved the number-one spot in the Nielsen ratings for nightly news broadcasts, overtaking NBC Nightly News. This was ABC News's first victory since the week Jennings died in August 2005.

Starting in April 2007, Gibson announced that Monday broadcasts of World News would be expanded editions allowing only one commercial interruption to feature extended special segments on global warming.^{[clarification needed]}

World News With Charles Gibson won the May 2007 sweeps period decisively over NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams, marking Gibson's second consecutive sweep win and widening his lead in the evening-news race. That was the first time World News had won consecutive sweeps since 1996, the year ABC News ceded the ratings crown to NBC News's Brokaw. NBC was back on top in the December 2007 sweeps^[11] and the two programs remained in a tight race until the fall of 2008, when the NBC program established a consistent lead.^[12]

When Gibson was away or on assignment, substitute anchors included Harris, Muir, Sawyer, George Stephanopoulos, and Vargas, with Sawyer being the primary substitute.^{[citation needed]}

On December 31, 2007, World News with Charles Gibson debuted a new high-definition-ready set, featuring the ABC News logo prominently carved out of wood in front with logo's colors, a rear-projection screen, and plasma screens.^{[citation needed]} It began broadcasting in high definition on August 25, 2008,^{[citation needed]} during its coverage of the 2008 Democratic National Convention. The graphics were updated. News theme is unchanged.

On September 2, 2009,^{[citation needed]} ABC News announced that Gibson would retire from ABC News altogether on December 18, 2009, and that Sawyer would assume the anchor desk on December 21, 2009.^[13] Gibson's final broadcast ended with a video tribute that included all of the living former U.S. Presidents, former ABC anchors, actors and actresses, singers, comedians, Mickey Mouse, Kermit the Frog, athletes, the commander of the International Space Station, competitors Couric and Williams, and, lastly, U.S. President Barack Obama.^[14]

Diane Sawyer (December 2009–present)[link]

Sawyer began anchoring the broadcast on December 21, 2009. On the same date, the program debuted an updated set, new graphics during the introductory segment, along with a new announcer, Mike Rowe, who replaced longtime announcer Bill Rice.^[15]

A new set for the program was launched on August 23, 2010.^[16]

The Sawyer tenure has been marked by a shift towards more soft news and infotainment features, and less of a focus on world news (despite the title). According to analyst Andrew Tyndall, ABC spends half of its newscast on "soft news" features such as health and celebrity stories, with many stories of the same type as on 'Sawyer's Good Morning America.^[17] ABC defended this by stating "there's nothing with not being boring," and that health and medical stories have direct impact on viewer's lives. World News has a 60% female viewership, the highest of the three major newscasts.^[18]

Substitute anchors[link]

Good Morning America co-anchor and Chief Political Correspondent George Stephanopoulos, weekend World News anchor and weekday correspondent David Muir, "GMA" news anchor Josh Elliott and 20/20 anchor Elizabeth Vargas all anchor in place of Sawyer and Muir, with Muir being the primary substitute for Sawyer and Stephanopoulos being the primary substitute for Muir.^[19]

Weekend newscasts[link]

The ABC's first attempt at an early evening weekend newscast took place in July 1975, with a Saturday bulletin anchored by Ted Koppel. The broadcast, however, did not have many stations carrying it, and it was cancelled about one year later.

Three years afterward, WNT expanded to six nights a week with World News Sunday on January 28, 1979, and to a full seven days with the return to Saturdays on January 5, 1985, years after the two other historical networks had added weekend newscasts.

These editions added the word "Tonight" in the mid-1990s, and in the mid-2000s (decade), their respective names were shortened to simply World News Tonight to correspond with the weekday editions. However, the original names were restored on July 19, 2006, to go along with the weekday broadcast's name change, but the title card reads World News for both days.

Prior to 1975, the only network newscasts ABC stations broadcast on weekends were fifteen-minute late-night updates on Saturdays and Sundays, seen on many affiliates in tandem with the local 11 p.m. Eastern/10 p.m. Central newscasts, although some stations opted to tape-delay them until immediately before sign-off time; rival CBS also offered a fifteen-minute Sunday night bulletin during the 1970s and 1980s. Because of declining affiliate interest from low viewership (in part because of the proliferation of twenty-four-hour cable news channels such as CNN), ABC discontinued the late-night weekend reports in September 1991.

Also, starting in 1973, weeknight co-anchor Reasoner hosted The Reasoner Report, a half-hour topical look at important stories (especially breaking developments in the Watergate scandal) in the vein of CBS's 60 Minutes, which Reasoner himself co-moderated at two different times. Affiliates usually carried the program on Saturday evenings in the time slots where the main newscast aired on weeknights. The program, which had affiliate clearance problems and was thus unsuccessful in terms of ratings, ended in 1975, replaced by the network's inaugural Saturday newscast (see above).

Some former anchors of the weekend news include Sam Donaldson (World News Sunday, 1979–1989), Kathleen Sullivan (World News Saturday, 1985–1987), Forrest Sawyer (World News Saturday, 1987–1993), Carole Simpson (World News Sunday, 1989–2003), Aaron Brown (World News Saturday, 1993–1997), Vargas (World News Saturday, 1997–2003) & (World News Sunday, 2003–2004), Terry Moran (World News Saturday, (2004–2005) Bob Woodruff (World News Sunday, 2004–2005) and Dan Harris (World News Sunday, 2006–2011). Since David Muir, who had taken over World News Saturday in 2007, took over the Sunday broadcast in 2011, ABC has renamed both broadcasts to ABC World News with David Muir.

Some ABC affiliates in the Central and Mountain Time Zones air the Sunday edition at 6 p.m. Eastern/5 p.m. Central — one half-hour earlier than the rest of the week's broadcasts — in which case, the ABC affiliate airs its local early-evening newscast after the network newscast (this is the same with CBS, which airs the Sunday edition of the CBS Evening News on all of its affiliates at 6 p.m. Eastern/5 p.m. Central). Some ABC affiliates, however (e.g., WFAA in Dallas-Fort Worth, WSB in Atlanta), do not carry the Sunday edition of World News at all; weekend news clearances have always been a problem for the three historic networks. During the fall months, the Saturday broadcast is usually pre-empted by ABC's College Football coverage.

International newscasts[link]

ABC News programming is shown for several hours a day on the twenty-four-hour news network Orbit News in Europe and the Middle East. This includes ABC World News. Also, in the Middle East, it is broadcast free to air on MBC 4.

In the U.K., the program used to be shown at 1:30 a.m. Tuesday-Friday on BBC News. BBC News is frequently simulcast by BBC Two (and, less frequently, BBC One) at this time, meaning the program was broadcast on analogue terrestrial television in many parts of the U.K. The newscast was aired on delay in part because of the need to remove advertisements; the BBC's domestic channels are commercial-free.The program was replaced on the 14th June 2011 by Asia Business Report and Sport Today.

In Australia, WNT airs every morning at 10:30 a.m. AET on Sky News Australia. In New Zealand, WNT is shown at 17:10 (5:10 p.m.) and 23:35 (11:35 p.m.) every evening on TVNZ 7. In Hong Kong, it was broadcast live on TVB Pearl daily at 7:30–8:00 a.m. Hong Kong time until May 31, 2009 and replaced by NBC Nightly News. In Japan it airs on NHK BS 1 as part of the weekday morning Ohayo Sekai (Wake Up To The World) program,^[20] and in clip form in the ABC News Shower English language education program.^[21]

Belize's Great Belize Television carries all editions of World News Tonight at 8:00 p.m. CST (Mon.-Fri.), 7:00 p.m. (Saturdays) and 7:00 p.m. (Sundays).

See also[link]

• ABC News
• CBS Evening News
• NBC Nightly News

References[link]

Sources[link]

• ABC News themes

External links[link]

• Official website
• ABC World News at the Internet Movie Database (includes production details on World News Tonight and World News)
• ABC World News at TV.com
• World News with Charles Gibson show on YouTube

World news or international news or even foreign coverage is the news media-jargon for news from abroad, about a foreign country or a global subject. For journalism, it is a branch that deals with news either sent by foreign correspondents or news agencies, or — more recently — information that is gathered or researched through distance communication technologies, such as telephone, satellite TV or the internet.

Although in most of the Anglophone world this field is not usually regarded as a specific specialization for journalists, it is so in nearly all the world. Particularly in the United States, there is a blurred distinction between world news and "national" news when they include directly the national government or national institutions, such as wars in which the US are involved or summits of multilateral organizations in which the US are a member.

Actually, at the birth of modern journalism, most news were actually foreign, as registered by the courants of the 17th century in West and Central Europe, such as the Daily Courant (England), the Nieuwe Tijudinger (Antwerp), the Relation (Strasbourg), the Avisa Relation oder Zeitung (Wolfenbüttel) and the Courante Uyt Italien, Duytsland & C. (Amsterdam). Since these papers were aimed at bankers and merchants, they brought mostly news from other markets, which usually meant other nations. In any case, it is worthy to remark that nation-states were still incipient in 17th-century Europe.

From the 19th century on, with newspapers already established in Europe, the United States and a few other countries, innovations in telecommunications such as the telegraph made news from abroad easier to be spread. The first news agencies were then founded, like AFP (France), Reuters (UK), Wolff (currently DPA, Germany) and the AP (USA).

War journalism is one of the best known subfields of world news (although war coverage can be national for the media of belligerent countries themselves).

Foreign Correspondents[link]

There are essentially two types of reporters who do foreign reporting: the foreign correspondent (full-time reporter employed by a news source) and the special envoy (sent abroad to cover a specific subject, temporarily stationed in a location).

The correspondent is a reporter based in a foreign city (often the capital of a country) covering a region, a country or sometimes even an entire continent. He or she regularly files stories to the news editor. He/she gathers materials for these stories from local officials, members of the community, and the local media, as well as from events he/she directly witnesses. Correspondents typically stay in touch with the local community and maintain contacts with other journalists and correspondents in order to identify strategic sources in the government, among diplomats, members of the military and other organizations on the ground who may provide important information.

The number of foreign correspondents has dropped significantly over the past 20 years or more. Often, a media company is either uninterested or unable to afford to support a single correspondent, such as in many developing countries. In some places, they cannot obtain visas due to political constraints, or otherwise dangerous conditions prohibit a media company from stationing a reporter there. In recent years, the drop in foreign correspondents has been due to cutbacks within media companies (often, but not always, a result of economics alone).[1]

When reporters working abroad have no permanent labor contract with media outlets, they are called stringers. Since they have no salary, stringers usually produce material for several different companies at once.

News Agencies[link]

A news agency is an organization of journalists established to supply news reports to news organizations: newspapers, magazines, and radio and television broadcasters. Such an agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire or news service. The bulk of major news agency services contains foreign news.

The major news agencies generally prepare hard news stories and feature articles that can be used by other news organizations with little or no modification, and then sell them to other news organizations. They provide these articles in bulk electronically through wire services (originally they used telegraphy; today they frequently use the Internet). Corporations, individuals, analysts and intelligence agencies may also subscribe.

Further reading[link]

• Clausen, L. (2003) Global news production. Copenhagen Business School Press DK
• Desmond, R.W. (1972) The press and world affairs. Arno Press
• Friedland, L.A. (1992) Covering the world: international television news services: essay. Twentieth Century Fund.
• Ginneken, J. (1998) Understanding global news: a critical introduction. SAGE
• Hachten, W.A.; Scotton, J.F. (2002) The world news prism: global media in an era of terrorism. Iowa State Press
• Malek, A.; Kavoori, A.P. (2000) The global dynamics of news: studies in international news coverage and news agenda. Greenwood
• Paterson, C.; Sreberny, A., ed. (2004) International news in the 21st century. John Libbey Pub. for University of Luton Press
• Richstad, J.; Anderson, M.H. (1981) Crisis in international news: policies and prospects. Columbia University Press
• Stanton, R. (2007) All news is local: the failure of the media to reflect world events in a globalized age. McFarland & Co.
• Stevenson, R.L.; Shaw, D.L. (1984) Foreign news and the new world information order. Iowa State University Press
• Wallis, R.; Baran, S.J. (1990) The known world of broadcast news: international news and the electronic media. Routledge

See also[link]

• World News (disambiguation)
• Afghanistanism

Diane Sawyer
Sawyer at the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival premiere of Jesus Henry Christ
Born	Lila Diane Sawyer (1945-12-22) December 22, 1945 (age 66) Glasgow, Kentucky, United States
Education	Wellesley College, B.A., 1967
Occupation	Television journalist
Years active	1962–present
Spouse	Mike Nichols (m. 1988–present)
Website
http://abcnews.go.com/WN/DianeSawyer/diane-sawyers-biography/story?id=9380180

Lila Diane Sawyer (born December 22, 1945) is the current anchor of ABC News' flagship program, ABC World News. Previously, Sawyer had been co-anchor of ABC News's morning news program, Good Morning America (GMA).

Early life and education[link]

Born in Glasgow, Kentucky, Diane Sawyer is the daughter of Jean W. Sawyer – an elementary school teacher – and Erbon Powers "Tom" Sawyer, a judge.^[1] Soon after her birth, her family moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where her father rose to local prominence as a Republican politician and community leader; he was Kentucky's Jefferson County Judge/Executive when he was killed in a car accident on Louisville's Interstate 64 in 1969. E. P. "Tom" Sawyer State Park, located in the Frey's Hill area of Louisville, is named in his honor.

Sawyer attended Seneca High School in the Buechel area of Louisville. In 1963, she won the "America's Junior Miss" scholarship pageant as a representative from the State of Kentucky.

During the period from 1962–1965, Sawyer was "America's Junior Miss" touring the country to promote the Coca-Cola Pavilion at the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair.

In 1967, she received a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in English from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts. There, she was a member of the Wellesley College Blue Notes, an a capella group and Phi Sigma Lecture Society. She attended one semester of law school at the University of Louisville before turning to journalism.

Career[link]

Sawyer began her professional career in Republican Party politics. In 1970, White House Press Secretary Ron Ziegler hired her to serve in the administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon. Sawyer continued through Nixon's resignation from the presidency in 1974 and worked on the Nixon-Ford transition team in 1974–1975, after which she decamped with Nixon to California and helped him write his memoirs, published in 1978. She also helped prepare Nixon for his famous set of television interviews with journalist David Frost in 1977.^[2]

Years later, Sawyer would be suspected of being Deep Throat, the source of leaks of classified information to journalist Bob Woodward during the Watergate scandal. In 2005 Deep Throat was identified as W. Mark Felt, but prior to that, Rabbi Baruch Korff – a longtime Nixon confidant and defender known as "Nixon's rabbi" – said on his deathbed that he believed Sawyer was Deep Throat. Sawyer laughed it off, and she was one of six people to request and receive a public denial from Woodward.^[3][4]

In 1978, Sawyer joined CBS News as a political correspondent and became a co-anchor, with Bill Kurtis, of the CBS Morning News in 1981. In 1984, she became a correspondent for 60 Minutes, a CBS News investigative television newsmagazine; she remained for five years.

In 1989, she moved to ABC News to co-anchor newsmagazine Primetime Live, with Sam Donaldson. From 1998 to 2000, she would become a co-anchor for ABC's 20/20, also a newsmagazine, co-anchoring on Wednesdays with Donaldson and on Sundays with Barbara Walters.

In 1999, Sawyer returned to morning news (GMA) as the co-anchor of GMA with Charles Gibson. The assignment was putatively temporary, but her success in the position, measured by a close in the gap with front-runner Today, NBC News's morning program, sustained her in the position far longer than anticipated. The GMA program has never regained the lost viewers, nor beaten its early morning competition since Joan Lunden retired after 17 years as co-host in 1997. On September 2, 2009, she was announced as the successor to Gibson, who retired as ABC World News anchor on Friday, December 18, 2009. She left GMA on December 11, 2009, and was scheduled to become the ABC World News anchor in January 2010. However, on December 1, 2009, The New York Times reported that instead of moving to ABC World News in January 2010, Sawyer would start on December 21, 2009, three days after Gibson's departure .^[5] For over a year in 2010–2011 with Katie Couric then anchor of CBS News, two of the three network news anchors on broadcast television were women.^[6] Ratings jumped 8% for 60 days after her first four weeks, averaging 8.8 million viewers.^[7] She signs off at the end of her nightly broadcast with "I'll see you right back here tomorrow night." The show, like its competitor evening newscasts, ended the year with ratings 14% below that of the preceding year.

Career timeline[link]

• 1967–1970: WLKY-TV news and weather reporter
• 1970–1974: White House press aide
• 1974–1978: Literary assistant to former President Richard Nixon
• 1981–1984: CBS Morning News anchor
• 1984–1989: 60 Minutes correspondent^[8][9]
• 1989–1998, since 2000: Primetime Live co-anchor^[8][9]
• 1998–2000: 20/20 co-anchor^[9]
• January 1999 – December 11, 2009: Good Morning America co-anchor
• December 21, 2009 – present: ABC World News anchor^[5]

Recognition[link]

In 2001 she was named one of the thirty most-powerful women in America by the Ladies' Home Journal. In 2007 she ranked 62nd on "Forbes Magazine's List of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". She has won multiple awards, including a 2009 Peabody Award for her work on A Hidden America: Children of the Mountains.^[10]

Notable interviews (selected)[link]

Sawyer has interviewed many political figures including U.S. Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama. She conducted the first interview with U.S. President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton after his first election to the presidency in 1992.^[8]

On February 12, 2007, she interviewed Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Her interview^{[clarification needed]} with Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was his first Western television interview in a decade.

On November 14, 2011, Diane secured another exclusive by being the first person to interview Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, ten months after she survived an assassination attempt. Sawyer spent the day with the wounded politician and her husband, Mark Kelly and observed her during a speech therapy session. Diane since told People Magazine, "Of all the people I've interviewed, she's right there at the top." Diane's comment about Gabby

She has also interviewed:

Fidel Castro, President of Cuba Robert McNamara, U.S. Secretary of Defense Manuel Noriega, general and the military dictator of Panama from 1983 to 1989 Nancy Pelosi, the first female Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

Richard Nixon, President of the United States[11] Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States Hyman G. Rickover, U.S. Admiral Antonin Scalia, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Jaycee Lee Dugard

She was allowed to take a special tour of North Korea.^{[clarification needed]}

From the entertainment world, Sawyer has interviewed, especially as a host of GMA:

Clay Aiken, singer (interviewed twice) Bobby Brown, singer Ellen DeGeneres, comedian Dixie Chicks, country-music group Michael J. Fox, actor Mel Gibson, actor (interviewed twice) Whitney Houston, singer Winona Ryder, actress

Michael Jackson, singer Madonna, singer Roman Polanski, film director Lisa Marie Presley, singer-songwriter Rihanna, singer Britney Spears, singer Brian Wilson, musician (The Beach Boys) Meryl Streep, actress

Sawyer also interviewed drug kingpin Rayful Edmond III of Washington, D.C., in 1989 and once again in 1997 on 60 Minutes.^{[citation needed][clarification needed]}

Personal life[link]

On April 29, 1988, she and Mike Nichols, a film director, were married. They have no children. Nichols has 3 from previous marriages: Daisy, born in 1964; Max, born in 1974; and Jenny, born in 1977. Sawyer had previously had relationships with Frank Gannon, a Nixon aide, and Richard Holbrooke, a U.S diplomat.^[12] Forbes reported that she made $12 million in 2005.^[13]

References[link]

1. ^ ^{[verification needed]}"Diane Sawyer Biography (1955?-)". filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/38/Diane-Sawyer.html. Retrieved September 17, 2009. 
2. ^ Sherr, Lynn (December 6, 2008). "Diane Sawyer on Fact vs. Fiction in Frost/Nixon — The Good Morning America Host—Who Worked for Richard Nixon at the Time of His Interview with David Frost—Talks with The Daily Beast about Her Memories of Her Ex-Boss.". Blog at The Daily Beast. Accessed December 12, 2009.
3. ^ ^{[dead link]}Carlin, John (June 28, 1995). "Dying Rabbi 'Names' Watergate's 'Deep Throat'". FindArticles (The Independent). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19950628/ai_n13991211/pg_1?tag=artBody;col1. Retrieved January 10, 2009. 
4. ^ Staff writer (June 17, 2002). "Just Who is Deep Throat?". CNN. http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/06/17/deep.throat.facts/. Retrieved December 12, 2009. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Stelter, Brian; Carter, Bill (December 1, 2009). "ABC Plans Low-Key Handoff for ‘World News’". Blog at The New York Times. http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/01/in-a-low-key-hand-off-abcs-gibson-to-depart-on-dec-11/. Retrieved December 12, 2009. 
6. ^ ^{[dead link]}Bauder, David (September 2, 2009). "Sawyer to Take Over as Anchor of ABC Evening News". The Associated Press via Yahoo! News. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090902/ap_on_en_tv/us_abc_gibson. Retrieved September 16, 2009. ^{[dead link]}
7. ^ Diane Sawyer sees 8 percent boost in ratings as ABC's 'World News' anchor, Sherryl Connelly, New York Daily News, January 25, 2010
8. ^ ^{a b c} Staff writer (April 26, 2007). "Diane Sawyer's Biography — Anchor, Good Morning America. ABC News. Accessed December 12, 2009.
9. ^ ^{a b c} Staff writer (undated). "Diane Sawyer". Internet Movie Database. Accessed December 12, 2009.
10. ^ COMPLETE LIST OF RECIPIENTS OF THE 69th ANNUAL PEABODY AWARDS
11. ^ http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20089065,00.html
12. ^ Howard, Margo (November 5, 1984). "60 Minutes' Newest Correspondent, Diane Sawyer — It Doesn't Take America's No. 1 Ex-Weathergirl to Know That the Wind Is Blowing Onward and Upward for 60 Minutes' Newest Correspondent". People. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20089065,00.html. Retrieved December 12, 2009. 
13. ^ Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/53/AU0O.html. 

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Diane Sawyer

• "Diane Sawyer Biography — Anchor, Good Morning America", at ABC News, dated December 19, 2009. (Accessed December 21, 2009).
• Diane Sawyer at the Internet Movie Database

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v t e 60 Minutes correspondents Current Steve Kroft Lesley Stahl Bob Simon Morley Safer Byron Pitts Lara Logan Anderson Cooper Scott Pelley Former Christiane Amanpour Ed Bradley Katie Couric Dan Rather Andy Rooney Harry Reasoner Charlie Rose Diane Sawyer Meredith Vieira Mike Wallace

v t e Anchors of ABC World News H. R. Baukhage Jim Gibbons Bryson Rash Pauline Frederick Gordon Fraser Leo Cherne John Daly Don Goddard John Daly Bill Shadel Bill Lawrence Al Mann John Cameron Swayze Ron Cochran Peter Jennings Bob Young Frank Reynolds Howard K. Smith Harry Reasoner Barbara Walters Frank Reynolds Max Robinson Peter Jennings Bob Woodruff Elizabeth Vargas Charles Gibson Diane Sawyer

Persondata
Name	Sawyer, Diane
Alternative names
Short description	American journalist
Date of birth	December 22, 1945
Place of birth	Glasgow, Kentucky, U.S.
Date of death
Place of death

Randy Pausch
Randy Pausch
Born	(1960-10-23)October 23, 1960 Baltimore, Maryland, US
Died	July 25, 2008(2008-07-25) (aged 47) Chesapeake, Virginia, United States Pancreatic cancer
Nationality	American
Fields	Computer science Human Computer Interaction
Institutions	Carnegie Mellon University University of Virginia
Alma mater	Brown University Carnegie Mellon University
Doctoral advisor	Alfred Spector
Known for	Creator of Alice software project Cofounder of CMU's Entertainment Technology Center Virtual Reality Research with Disney Imagineers Inspirational speeches regarding life #1 best-selling book Battle with cancer
Notable awards	Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education Fellow of the ACM Time's Time 100[1]
Spouse	Jai Glasgow

Randolph Frederick "Randy" Pausch^[2] (October 23, 1960 – July 25, 2008) was an American professor of computer science and human-computer interaction and design at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Pausch learned that he had pancreatic cancer in September 2006, and in August 2007 he was given a terminal diagnosis: "3 to 6 months of good health left". He gave an upbeat lecture titled "The Last Lecture: Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams" on September 18, 2007, at Carnegie Mellon, which became a popular YouTube video and led to other media appearances. He then co-authored a book called The Last Lecture on the same theme, which became a New York Times best-seller.

Pausch died of complications from pancreatic cancer on July 25, 2008.

Early life[link]

Pausch was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and grew up in Columbia, Maryland.^[2] After graduating from Oakland Mills High School in Columbia, Pausch received his bachelor's degree in computer science from Brown University in May 1982 and his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in August 1988.^{[3][not in citation given]} While completing his doctoral studies, Pausch was briefly employed at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and Adobe Systems.^[4]

Computer science career[link]

Pausch was an assistant and associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Virginia's School of Engineering and Applied Science from 1988 until 1997. While there, he completed sabbaticals at Walt Disney Imagineering and Electronic Arts (EA). In 1997, Pausch became Associate Professor of Computer Science, Human-Computer Interaction and Design, at Carnegie Mellon University. He was a co-founder in 1998, along with Don Marinelli, of CMU's Entertainment Technology Center (ETC), and he started the Building Virtual Worlds^[5] course at CMU and taught it for 10 years. He consulted with Google on user interface design and also consulted with PARC, Imagineering, and Media Metrix.^[4] Pausch is also the founder of the Alice software project.^[6] He received the National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award and was a Lilly Foundation Teaching Fellow.^[7] Pausch was the author or co-author of five books and over 70 articles.

Pausch received two awards from ACM in 2007 for his achievements in computing education: the Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award and the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education.^[8] He was also inducted as a Fellow of the ACM in 2007.

Cancer and death[link]

Pausch was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer^[9][10] and underwent a Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) on September 19, 2006, in an unsuccessful attempt to halt his pancreatic cancer.^[11] He was told in August 2007 to expect a remaining three to six months of good health. He soon moved his family to Chesapeake, Virginia, a suburb near Norfolk, to be close to his wife's family. On March 13, 2008, Pausch advocated for greater federal funding for pancreatic cancer before the United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies.^[12] In the week prior to this, he had been hospitalized in order to have needle aspiration of pleural effusion in his right lung.^[13]

On May 2, 2008, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed that he had very tiny (5 millimetres (0.20 in) or less) metastases in his lungs and some lymph nodes in his chest. He also had some metastases in his peritoneal and retroperitoneal cavities. On June 26, 2008, Pausch indicated that he was considering stopping further chemotherapy because of the potential adverse side effects. He was, however, considering some immuno-therapy-based approaches.^[14] On July 24, on behalf of Pausch, a friend anonymously posted a message on Pausch's webpage stating that a biopsy had indicated that the cancer had progressed further than what was expected from recent PET scans and that Pausch had "taken a step down" and was "much sicker than he had been". The friend also stated that Pausch had then enrolled in a hospice program designed to provide palliative care to those at the end of life.^[14]

Wikinews has related news: "Last Lecture" Professor Randy Pausch dies at age 47

Pausch died from pancreatic cancer at his family's home in Chesapeake, Virginia on July 25, 2008, at the age of 47. He is survived by his wife, Jai, and their three children, Dylan, Logan, and Chloe.^[15]

[edit] Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams

Pausch delivered his "Last Lecture", titled Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams, at CMU on September 18, 2007.^[16] He gave an abridged version of his speech on the Oprah show in October 2007.^[17][18] The talk was modeled after an ongoing series of lectures where top academics are asked to think deeply about what matters to them, and then give a hypothetical "final talk", with a topic such as "what wisdom would you try to impart to the world if you knew it was your last chance?" Before speaking, Pausch received a long standing ovation from a large crowd of over 400 colleagues and students. When he motioned them to sit down, saying, "Make me earn it," someone in the audience shouted back, "You did!"^[9][19]

During the lecture, Pausch was upbeat and humorous, alternating between wisecracks, insights on computer science and engineering education, advice on building multi-disciplinary collaborations, working in groups and interacting with other people, offering inspirational life lessons, and performing push-ups on stage. He also commented on the irony that the "Last Lecture" series had recently been renamed as "Journeys", saying, "I thought, damn, I finally nailed the venue and they renamed it."^[15] After Pausch finished his lecture, Steve Seabolt, on behalf of Electronic Arts—which is now collaborating with CMU in the development of Alice 3.0^[20]—pledged to honor Pausch by creating a memorial scholarship for women in computer science, in recognition of Pausch's support and mentoring of women in CS and engineering.^[9]

CMU president Jared Cohon spoke emotionally of Pausch's humanity and called his contributions to the university and to education "remarkable and stunning".^[21] He then announced that CMU will celebrate Pausch's impact on the world by building and naming after Pausch a raised pedestrian bridge^[22] to connect CMU's new Computer Science building and the Center for the Arts, symbolizing the way Pausch linked those two disciplines. Brown University professor Andries van Dam followed Pausch's last lecture with a tearful and impassioned speech praising him for his courage and leadership, calling him a role model.^[21][23][24]

The Randy Pausch Memorial Footbridge was dedicated on October 30, 2009, with Jai, Dylan, Logan and Chloe Pausch cutting the ribbon.

[edit] The Last Lecture

The Disney-owned publisher Hyperion paid $6.7 million for the rights to publish a book about Pausch called The Last Lecture, co-authored by Pausch and Wall Street Journal reporter Jeffrey Zaslow.^[25] The book became a New York Times best-seller on April 28, 2008.^[26] The Last Lecture expands on Pausch's speech. The book's first printing had 400,000 copies, and it has been translated into 46 languages. It has spent more than 85 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list, and there are now more than 4.5 million copies in print in the U.S. alone. Despite speculation that the book would be made into a movie, Pausch had denied these rumors, stating that "there's a reason to do the book, but if it's telling the story of the lecture in the medium of film, we already have that."^[27]

Media coverage[link]

Pausch was named "Person of the Week" on ABC's World News with Charles Gibson on September 21, 2007.^[28] His "Last Lecture" attracted wide attention from the international media,^[29] became an Internet hit, and was viewed over a million times in the first month after its delivery.^[30] On October 22, 2007, Pausch appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show where he discussed his situation and summarized his "Last Lecture".^[18] On October 6, 2007, Pausch joined the Pittsburgh Steelers for the day during their regular practice, after the organization learned that one of his childhood dreams mentioned in his "Last Lecture" was to play in the NFL.^[31] On April 9, 2008, the ABC network aired an hour long Diane Sawyer feature on Pausch titled "The Last Lecture: A Love Story For Your Life".^[32][33] On July 29, 2008, ABC aired a follow up to the Last Lecture special, remembering Pausch and his famous lecture.^[34]

Other lectures and appearances[link]

Pausch gave a lecture about time management^[35] on November 27, 2007 at the University of Virginia, to an audience of over 850 people.^[36] In March 2008, Pausch appeared in a public service announcement video^[37] and testified before Congress in support of cancer research.^[38] On May 18, 2008, Pausch made a surprise return appearance at Carnegie Mellon, giving a speech at the commencement ceremony,^[39] as well as attending the School of Computer Science's diploma ceremony,^[40] and on May 19 Pausch appeared on the Good Morning America show.^[41] His lecture, "Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams", was nominated at the 2007 YouTube Video Awards.^[42][43]