Steve Reich

Sunday, 28 October 2012

Steve Reich

Steve Reich • Music for 18 Musicians CD Trailer

Bliss: Reich's Six Marimbas (1986) - Part One

Steve Reich - Music for 18 Musicians [ 2008 JAPAN ]

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Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. It is one of the country's 33 provinces with the provincial capital at Denpasar towards the south of the island.
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Baltic states
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Bikini Atoll
Bikini Atoll (also known as Pikinni Atoll) is a World Heritage listed atoll in the Micronesian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, part of Republic of the Marshall Islands.
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Cornell University
Cornell University (, {{respell|kor-) is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York. It is a private land-grant university which receives funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions.
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Ghana
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Hebron
Hebron (Arabic: ; Hebrew: , Standard Hebrew: , Tiberian: ), is located in the southern West Bank, 30 km (19 mi) south of Jerusalem. Nestling in the Judean Mountains, it lies 930 meters (3,050 ft) above sea level. It is the largest city in the West Bank and home to around 165,000 Palestinians, and over 500 Israeli settlers concentrated in and around the old quarter. The city is most notable for containing the traditional burial site of the biblical Patriarchs and Matriarchs and is therefore considered the second-holiest city in Judaism. The city is also venerated by Muslims as the burial place of the prophet Abraham. and was traditonally viewed as one of the "four holy cities of Islam."
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Hungarian folk music
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IRCAM
IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique) is a European institute for science about music and sound and avant garde electro-acoustical art music. It is situated next to, and is organizationally linked with, the Centre Pompidou in Paris. The extension of the building has been designed by Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers.
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Israel
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Mills College
Mills College is an independent liberal arts women's college founded in 1852 that offers bachelor's degrees to women and graduate degrees and certificates to women and men. Located in Oakland, California, Mills was the first women's college west of the Rockies. The institution was initially founded in 1852 in Benicia as a young ladies' seminary. In 1865, Susan Tolman Mills and her husband Cyrus Mills bought the school, renamed it Mills College, and then moved it to Oakland in 1871. Mills received its charter in 1885 and introduced graduate programs for women and men in 1920.
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Oakland, California
Oakland () is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of California. It is a major West Coast port, located on San Francisco Bay, about 8 miles (13 km) east of San Francisco. Oakland is a major hub city for the Bay Area subregion collectively called the East Bay, and it is the county seat of Alameda County. Based on United States Census Bureau estimates for 2010, Oakland is the 41st-largest city in the USA with a population of 446,901.
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Seattle
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (, ) is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government. It was named after Weimar, the city where the constitutional assembly took place. Its official name was Deutsches Reich (sometimes translated as German Empire, but Reich can also mean realm or federal level of government), however, and it was usually known in English simply as Germany. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918. In 1919, a national assembly convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the German Reich was written, then adopted on 11 August of that same year. Germany's period of liberal democracy lapsed in the early 1930s, leading to the ascent of the NSDAP and Adolf Hitler in 1933. Although the constitution of 1919 was never officially repealed, the legal measures taken by the Nazi government in February and March 1933, commonly known as Gleichschaltung ("coordination") meant that the government could legislate contrary to the constitution. The constitution became irrelevant; thus, 1933 is usually seen as the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of Hitler's Third Reich.
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A. M. Jones
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Abraham
Abraham(originally known as Abram) (, , ', ', ) is the founding patriarch of the Israelites, Ishmaelites, Edomites, and the Midianites and kindred peoples, according to the book of Genesis.
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Alfred Deller
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Alfred Schnittke
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Arnold Schoenberg
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B.B. King
Riley B. King (born September 16, 1925), known by the stage name B.B. King, is an American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter acclaimed for his expressive singing and guitar playing.
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Beryl Korot
Beryl Korot (b. 1945) is an American video artist.
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Björk
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Bob Dylan
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Bruce Nauman
Bruce Nauman (born December 6, 1941, in Fort Wayne, Indiana) is a contemporary American artist. His practice spans a broad range of media including sculpture, photography, neon, video, drawing, printmaking, and performance.
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Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949), nicknamed "The Boss", is an American singer-songwriter who records and tours with the E Street Band. Springsteen is widely known for his brand of Heartland rock infused with pop hooks, poetic lyrics, and Americana sentiments centered on his native New Jersey.
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Béla Bartók
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Claude Debussy
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Darius Milhaud
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David Bowie
David Bowie ( ; born David Robert Jones, 8 January 1947) is an English rock musician, who has also worked as an actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for five decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s, and is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth of his work.
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Debussy
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Dizzy Gillespie
John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpet player, bandleader, singer, and composer.
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Do Make Say Think
Do Make Say Think is a Canadian instrumental post-rock band from Toronto, Ontario. Their music combines jazz style drums, distorted guitars and wind instruments as well as a prominent use of the bass guitar.
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Edo de Waart
Edo de Waart (born 1 June 1941, Amsterdam) is a Dutch conductor, and the Music Director of both the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra and the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra.
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Eliot Feld
Eliot Feld (born July 5, 1942) is an American modern ballet choreographer, performer and director.
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Ella Fitzgerald
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Elton John
Sir Elton Hercules John, CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer-songwriter, composer and pianist. He has worked with his songwriting partner Bernie Taupin since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date.
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Ennio Morricone
Ennio Morricone, Grande Ufficiale OMRI (born November 10, 1928) is an Italian composer and conductor.
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György Ligeti
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Henry Brant
Henry Dreyfuss Brant (September 15, 1913 – April 26, 2008) was a Canadian-born American composer. An expert orchestrator with a flair for experimentation, many of Brant's works featured spatialization techniques.
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Igor Stravinsky
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Isaac Stern
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Jiří Kylián
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John Coltrane
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John Coolidge Adams
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John Corigliano
John Corigliano (born February 16, 1938, New York City, New York) is an American composer of classical music and a teacher of music. He is a distinguished professor of music at Lehman College in the City University of New York.
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Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell, CC, (born Roberta Joan Anderson; November 7, 1943) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter.
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José Antonio Abreu
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June Carroll
June Carroll (1917 - May 16, 2004) was an American lyricist, singer and actress.
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Keith Jarrett
Keith Jarrett (born May 8, 1945, in Allentown, Pennsylvania) is an American pianist/composer who has performed in both jazz and classical music.
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Ken Ishii
Ken Ishii () is a Japanese techno DJ and producer from Sapporo. He graduated from Hitotsubashi University. He has released work under his own name as well as under the pseudonyms: FLR, Flare, UTU, Yoga, and Rising Sun.
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Kenny Clarke
Kenny Clarke (born Kenneth Spearman Clarke, nicknamed "Klook", and later known as Liaqat Ali Salaam, on January 9, 1914 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-died January 26, 1985 in Montreuil-sous-bois, France) was a jazz drummer and an early innovator of the bebop style of drumming. As the house drummer at Minton's Playhouse in the early 1940s, he participated in the after hours jams that led to the birth of Be-Bop, which in turn led to modern jazz. While in New York, he played with the major innovators of the emerging bop style, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk, Curly Russell and others, as well as musicians of the prior generation, including Sidney Bechet.
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Kevin Puts
Kevin Matthew Puts (born January 3, 1972 St. Louis, Missouri) is an American composer.
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Kurt Weill
Kurt Julian Weill (March 2, 1900 – April 3, 1950) was a German composer, active from the 1920s, and in his later years in the United States. He was a leading composer for the stage who was most well known for his fruitful collaborations with Bertolt Brecht. With Brecht, he developed productions such as his most well known work The Threepenny Opera, a Marxist critique of capitalism, which included the ballad "Mack the Knife". Weill was a socialist who held the ideal of writing music that served a socially useful purpose. He also wrote a number of works for the concert hall, as well as several Judaism themed pieces.
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Kurtis Mantronik
Kurtis el Khaleel () (born September 4, 1965, in Jamaica), known by the stage name Kurtis Mantronik, is an American hip-hop, electro funk, and dance music artist, DJ, remixer, and producer. Mantronik was the former leader, DJ, and keyboardist of the influential 1980s hip hop and electro-funk group Mantronix. Currently, Mantronik lives in Britain, where he has produced and remixed house and techno music tracks by artists such as Junior Senior, Kylie Minogue, Fatboy Slim, The Chemical Brothers, Michael Gray, Victoria Beckham, Liberty X, and Mim.
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Kyle Gann
Kyle Eugene Gann (born November 21, 1955) is an American professor of music, critic and composer born in Dallas, Texas. As a critic for The Village Voice (from November 1986 to December 2005) and other publications he has been a supporter of progressive music including such Downtown movements as postminimalism and totalism.
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La Monte Young
La Monte Thornton Young (born October 14, 1935) is an American composer and musician.
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London Sinfonietta
The London Sinfonietta is an English chamber orchestra founded in 1968 and based in London. The ensemble specialises in contemporary music and works across a wide range of genres, performing modern classics alongside world premieres, and includes music by electronica artists as well as folk and jazz musicians. Through regular collaborations with choreographers, video artists and film-makers, the ensemble places new music at the heart of contemporary culture, reaching out to new audiences and embracing the technical challenges of pushing musical boundaries.
http://wn.com/London_Sinfonietta
Luciano Berio
Luciano Berio, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (October 24, 1925 – May 27, 2003) was an Italian composer. He is noted for his experimental work (in particular his 1968 composition Sinfonia for voices and orchestra and his series of numbered solo pieces titled Sequenza) and also for his pioneering work in electronic music.
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
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Maurice Ravel
Joseph-Maurice Ravel (March 7, 1875December 28, 1937) was a French composer of Impressionist music known especially for his melodies, orchestral and instrumental textures and effects. Much of his piano music, chamber music, vocal music and orchestral music has entered the standard concert repertoire.
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Michael Hedges
Michael Alden Hedges (December 31, 1953 – December 2, 1997) was an American composer and acoustic guitarist born and raised in Enid, Oklahoma.
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Miles Davis
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Morton Subotnick
Morton Subotnick (born April 14, 1933 in Los Angeles, California) is an American composer of electronic music, best known for his Silver Apples of the Moon, the first electronic work commissioned by a record company, Nonesuch. He has taught for many years in the Music School at CalArts.
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Nikolaus Harnoncourt
Nikolaus Harnoncourt ('''Count Nikolaus de la Fontaine und d'Harnoncourt-Unverzagt''') (born 6 December 1929) is an Austrian conductor, particularly known for his historically informed performances of music from the Classical era and earlier.
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Ornette Coleman
Ornette Coleman (born March 9, 1930) is an American saxophonist, violinist, trumpeter and composer. He was one of the major innovators of the free jazz movement of the 1960s.
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Palestinian people
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Pat Metheny
Patrick Bruce "Pat" Metheny (pronounced ; born August 12, 1954) is an American jazz guitarist and composer.
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Patti Smith
Patricia Lee "Patti" Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, poet and visual artist, who became a highly influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album Horses. Called the "Godmother of Punk", she integrated the beat poetry performance style with three-chord rock. Smith's most widely known song is "Because the Night", which was co-written with Bruce Springsteen and reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978. In 2005, Patti Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture, and in 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
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Paul McCartney
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Paul Moravec
Paul Moravec (born November 2, 1957, in Buffalo, New York) is an American composer and the Music Department Chair at Adelphi University on Long Island, New York. Already a prolific composer, he has been described as a "new tonalist." He is best known for his work Tempest Fantasy, which received the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Music.
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Pauline Oliveros
Pauline Oliveros (born May 30, 1932, Houston, Texas) is an American accordionist and composer who is a central figure in the development of post-war electronic art music.
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Peter Gabriel
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Philip Glass
Philip Morris Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American music composer. He is considered one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century and is widely acknowledged as a composer who has brought art music to the public (along with precursors such as Richard Strauss, Kurt Weill and Leonard Bernstein).
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Pierre Boulez
Pierre Boulez () (born March 26, 1925) is a French composer of contemporary classical music and a conductor.
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Quincy Jones
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Ramon Sender
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Ravi Shankar
Ravi Shankar (; born 7 April 1920), often referred to by the title Pandit, is an Indian musician and composer who plays the plucked string instrument sitar. He has been described as the best known contemporary Indian musician by Hans Neuhoff in Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart.
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Ray Charles
Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930June 10, 2004), better known by his shortened stage name Ray Charles, was an American musician. Ray was a pioneer in the genre of soul music during the 1950s by fusing rhythm & blues, gospel, and blues styles into his early recordings with Atlantic Records. He also helped racially integrate country and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, most notably with his Modern Sounds albums. While with ABC, Charles became one of the first African-American musicians to be given artistic control by a mainstream record company.
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Renée Fleming
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Richard Serra
Richard Serra (born November 2, 1939) is an American minimalist sculptor and video artist known for working with large-scale assemblies of sheet metal. Serra was involved in the Process Art Movement.
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Richard Taruskin
Richard Taruskin (born 1945) is an American-Russian musicologist, music historian, and critic who has written about the theory of performance, Russian music, fifteenth-century music, twentieth-century music, nationalism, the theory of modernism, and analysis. As a choral conductor he directed the Columbia University Collegium Musicum. He played the viola da gamba with the Aulos Ensemble from the late seventies to the late eighties. He received various awards for his scholarship, including the Noah Greenberg Prize (1978) from the American Musicological Society, the Alfred Einstein Award (1980), the Dent Medal (1987), the ASCAP-Deems Taylor Award (1988) and the 1997 and 2006 Kinkeldey Prizes from the American Musicological Society. On the faculty of Columbia University until 1986, he is now professor of musicology at the University of California, Berkeley, holding the Class of 1955 Chair.
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Robert Moog
Dr. Robert Arthur Moog (, respell|), commonly called Bob Moog (May 23, 1934 – August 21, 2005) was an American pioneer of electronic music, best known as the inventor of the Moog synthesizer.
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Satie
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Sofia Gubaidulina
Sofia Asgatovna Gubaidulina, (, ) (born October 24, 1931) is a Russian composer of half Russian, half Tatar ethnicity.
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Sol LeWitt
Solomon "Sol" LeWitt (September 9, 1928 - April 8, 2007) was an American artist linked to various movements, including Conceptual art and Minimalism.
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Sonny Rollins
Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins (born September 7, 1930 in New York City) is a Grammy-winning American jazz tenor saxophonist. Rollins is widely recognized as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians. A number of his compositions, including "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", and "Airegin", have become jazz standards.
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Steve Reich
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Steven Stucky
Steven Stucky () (born November 7, 1949) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American composer.
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Stevie Wonder
Stevland Hardaway Judkins (born May 13, 1950), name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris, known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and activist. Blind from shortly after birth, Wonder signed with Motown Records' Tamla label at the age of eleven, and continues to perform and record for Motown to this day.
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Sufjan Stevens
Sufjan Stevens ( ; born July 1, 1975) is an American singer-songwriter and musician born in Detroit, Michigan. Stevens first began releasing his music on the Asthmatic Kitty label, which he formed with his stepfather, beginning with the 2000 release A Sun Came. He is best known for his 2005 album Illinois, which hit number one in the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, and for the song "Chicago".
http://wn.com/Sufjan_Stevens
Terry Riley
Terrence Mitchell Riley, born June 24, 1935, is an American composer associated with the minimalist school of Western classical music.
http://wn.com/Terry_Riley
The Orb
The Orb are an English electronic music group known for spawning the genre of ambient house. Founded in 1988 by Alex Paterson and KLF member Jimmy Cauty, The Orb began as ambient and dub DJs in London. Its early performances were inspired by ambient and electronic artists of the 1970s and 1980s, most notably Brian Eno and Kraftwerk. Because of its trippy sound, the Orb developed a cult following among clubbers "coming down" from drug-induced highs. The Orb has maintained its drug-related and science fiction themes despite personnel changes including the departure of Cauty and other Orb members Kris Weston, Andy Falconer, Simon Phillips, and Andy Hughes. Paterson has been the only permanent member, continuing to work as the Orb with the Swiss-German producer Thomas Fehlmann and, later, with Killing Joke's Martin "Youth" Glover and Tim Bran of Dreadzone.
http://wn.com/The_Orb
Valery Gergiev
Valery Abisalovich Gergiev (; ; born 2 May 1953) is a Russian conductor and opera company director. He is general director and artistic director of the Mariinsky Theatre and principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra. Valery Gergiev is the artistic director of the White Nights Festival in St. Petersburg.
http://wn.com/Valery_Gergiev
Vincent Persichetti
Vincent Ludwig Persichetti (June 6, 1915 – August 14, 1987) was an American composer, teacher, and pianist. An important musical educator and writer, Persichetti was a native of Philadelphia. He was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own work and teaching, and for training many noted composers in composition at the Juilliard School.
http://wn.com/Vincent_Persichetti
Witold Lutosławski
http://wn.com/Witold_Lutosławski
Yehudi Wyner
Yehudi Wyner (born June 1, 1929 in Calgary, Alberta) is an American composer, pianist, conductor, and music educator.
http://wn.com/Yehudi_Wyner
Zhou Long
Zhou Long (; born July 8, 1953 in Beijing, China) is a composer from China.
http://wn.com/Zhou_Long

Music for 18 Musicians by Steve Reich - Beginning

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published: 29 Jun 2008

Steve Reich - Music For 18 Musicians

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published: 30 Dec 2010

Steve Reich - South Bank Show - Part 1

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published: 09 Sep 2007

Steve Reich • Music for 18 Musicians CD Trailer

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published: 03 Sep 2007

Bliss: Reich's Six Marimbas (1986) - Part One

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published: 18 Dec 2008

Steve Reich - Proverb

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published: 31 Jan 2011

Steve Reich • Clapping Music

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published: 31 Aug 2007

Steve Reich - Music for 18 Musicians [ 2008 JAPAN ]

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published: 13 May 2012

Steve Reich 'Piano Phase' (1/2)

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published: 16 Jul 2008

Music for pieces of wood - Steve Reich

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published: 11 Sep 2009

Steve Reich and Music for 18 Musicians

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published: 20 Jan 2011

Nagoya Marimbas - Steve Reich

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published: 14 Mar 2008

Steve Reich: The Desert Music (1982/1983)

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published: 16 Jan 2012

Electric Counterpoint III (Fast) - Steve Reich

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published: 20 May 2011

Influences - Steve Reich

http://www.blocweekend.com Bloc caught up with avant-garde minimalist composer Steve Reich...

published: 28 May 2012

Author: Bloc.

INFLUENCES - Apparat

http://www.blocweekend.com In conversation with Apparat for the fourth episode of the Bloc...

published: 28 Jun 2012

Author: Bloc.

STRANGELOOP // FIELDS [ mov. 1 of 3 ]

STRANGELOOP // FIELDS [ mov. 1 of 3 ] an excerpt from the audio-visual experience being r...

published: 27 Jun 2011

Author: StrangeLoop

It's Gonna Rain Part 1 - Steve Reich

published: 04 Mar 2009

Author: Lost Highway

Daniel Variations - Steve Reich - Part 1 - Live Concert in Tokyo

Steve Reich has a concert on the 21st May 2008, including Daniel Variations and Music for ...

published: 08 Jan 2010

Electric Counterpoint by Steve Reich (Mvt 1 performed live by Richard Durrant)

First of two clips showing Richard Durrant's stunning live performance of Steve Reich&...

published: 29 Apr 2010

Powerplant Live 2005 (Kraftwerk, Steve Reich)

Led by British percussionist, Joby Burgess, Powerplant explores hi-octane percussion-led m...

published: 03 Mar 2007

Steve Reich - Music For 18 Musicians; Pulse, Section I, Section II

Steve Reich + Ensemble Modern Music for 18 Musicians (1976)...

published: 23 May 2011

Steve Reich`s City Life - Part 1 "Check it out"

Performed Live in 1995 at the Frankfurt Opera House, with the Ensemble Modern conducted by...

published: 28 Dec 2007

Steve Reich and musicians: Drumming Live (excerpt)

Steve Reich and musicians • Synergy Vocals perform drumming (excerpt) live at the Bar...

published: 20 Feb 2010

Electric Counterpoint by Steve Reich (Mvts 2 & 3 performed live by Richard Durrant)

The second of two clips showing Richard Durrant's stunning live performance of Steve R...

published: 29 Apr 2010

New York Counterpoint by Steve Reich - clarinet ensemble

The San Francisco Conservatory of Music clarinet studio (plus alumni and friends) performs...

published: 20 Apr 2010

Steve Reich: New York Counterpoint (11 live clarinets)

This is a concert at the Brussels' conservatory, where a group of clarinettist perform...

published: 27 Apr 2008

Daniel Variations - Steve Reich - Part 2 - Live Concert in Tokyo

Part 2. See part 1 here: www.youtube.com And part 3 here: www.youtube.com...

published: 09 Jan 2010

Electric Counterpoint (Steve Reich song) - Röyksopp (Live @ Six Flags, 26.03.11)

More details about this gig here: wp.me...

published: 31 Mar 2011

Steve Reich`s City Life - Part 2 "Piledriver/Alarms"

Performed Live in 1995 at the Frankfurt Opera House, with the Ensemble Modern conducted by...

published: 28 Dec 2007

2x5 by Steve Reich

Performed by the Bang on a Can All-Stars, May 7, 2011 at the Barbican Centre, London...

published: 09 Nov 2011

Daniel Variations - Steve Reich - Part 3 - Live Concert in Tokyo

Part 3: Steve Reich holds a concert in Tokyo of his 2006 piece, Daniel Variations. At the ...

published: 19 Jan 2010

Influences - Steve Reich

http://www.blocweekend.com Bloc caught up with avant-garde minimalist composer Steve Reich...

published: 28 May 2012

Author: Bloc.

INFLUENCES - Apparat

http://www.blocweekend.com In conversation with Apparat for the fourth episode of the Bloc...

published: 28 Jun 2012

Author: Bloc.

STRANGELOOP // FIELDS [ mov. 1 of 3 ]

STRANGELOOP // FIELDS [ mov. 1 of 3 ] an excerpt from the audio-visual experience being r...

published: 27 Jun 2011

Author: StrangeLoop

It's Gonna Rain Part 1 - Steve Reich

published: 04 Mar 2009

Author: Lost Highway

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Photo: WN / Yolanda Leyba

Virgin for sale: Website auctions off virginity of college student for $780,000 (Video)

The Examiner

26 Oct 2012

Related topics virgin auctionvirginity auction Advertisement A 20 year-old Brazilian student has sold her virginity for the sum of $780,000 through an online auction on a website simply called Virgins...

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Photo: US Navy / MCS2 Justin Ailes

Hurricane Sandy makes landfall at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, October 24, 2012.

Slow-moving Hurricane Sandy marches toward East Coast

CNBC

27 Oct 2012

MIAMI (Reuters) - Hurricane Sandy pulled away from the Bahamas on Saturday after killing at least 41 people in the Caribbean, beginning a slow march toward the U.S. East Coast where it threatens to...

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Photo: AP / Robert F. Bukaty

In this May 6, 2012 file photo, Gov. Paul LePage speaks at the Maine Republican Convention in Augusta, Maine. LePage met with representatives from two Jewish groups on Friday, July 13, 2012, following comments he has made comparing the Internal Revenue Service to the Gestapo

The New Gestapo Politics

WorldNews.com

28 Oct 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling Even though Maine's Governor, Paul LePage, apologized for making comments for comparing the Affordable Health Care Act and Internal Revenue Service (IRS)...

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Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., who is traveling with Republican presidential candidate and former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney, uses a phone as he stands alongside Interstate 4 in Lakewood Crest, Fla., Saturday, Oct. 27, 2012 after the motorcade was stopped.

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28 Oct 2012

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Burma: HRW satellite images 'show Rakhine destruction'

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27 Oct 2012

A human rights group has released pictures showing what appears to be the destruction of a western Burmese district riven by ethnic unrest. Human Rights Watch says more than 800 buildings and...

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Romney cancels NH trip as storm approaches 28 Oct 2012

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Steve Reich in 2006

Stephen Michael "Steve" Reich ( /ˈraɪʃ/;^[1] born October 3, 1936) is an American composer who is one of the pioneering composers of minimal music along with La Monte Young, Terry Riley, and Philip Glass.^[2]^[3]^[4]

His innovations include using tape loops to create phasing patterns (examples are his early compositions, "It's Gonna Rain" and "Come Out"), and the use of simple, audible processes to explore musical concepts (for instance, "Pendulum Music" and "Four Organs"). These compositions, marked by their use of repetitive figures, slow harmonic rhythm and canons, have significantly influenced contemporary music, especially in the US. Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage, notably the Grammy Award-winning Different Trains.

Reich's style of composition influenced many other composers and musical groups. Reich has been described, in The Guardian by music critic Andrew Clements, as one of "a handful of living composers who can legitimately claim to have altered the direction of musical history",^[5] and the critic Kyle Gann has said Reich "may...be considered, by general acclamation, America's greatest living composer."^[6]

On January 25, 2007, Reich was named the 2007 recipient of the Polar Music Prize, together with jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins. On April 20, 2009, Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his Double Sextet.^[7]

1 Career
2 Influence
3 Recent projects
4 Quotations
5 Works
6 Selected discography
7 Further reading
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links

Career [link]

Early life [link]

Reich was born in New York City to the Broadway lyricist June Sillman. When he was one year old, his parents divorced, and Reich divided his time between New York and California. He was given piano lessons as a child and describes growing up with the "middle-class favorites", having no exposure to music written before 1750 or after 1900. At the age of 14 he began to study music in earnest, after hearing music from the Baroque period and earlier, as well as music of the 20th century. Reich studied drums with Roland Kohloff in order to play jazz. While attending Cornell University, he took some music courses, but he graduated in 1957 with a B.A. in Philosophy. Reich's B.A. thesis was on Ludwig Wittgenstein; later he would set texts by that philosopher to music in Proverb (1995) and You Are (variations) (2006).

For a year following graduation, Reich studied composition privately with Hall Overton before he enrolled at Juilliard to work with William Bergsma and Vincent Persichetti (1958–1961). Subsequently he attended Mills College in Oakland, California, where he studied with Luciano Berio and Darius Milhaud (1961–1963) and earned a master's degree in composition. At Mills, Reich composed Melodica for melodica and tape, which appeared in 1986 on the three-LP release Music from Mills.^[8]

Reich worked with the San Francisco Tape Music Center along with Pauline Oliveros, Ramon Sender, Morton Subotnick, and Terry Riley.^[9] He was involved with the premiere of Riley's In C and suggested the use of the eighth note pulse, which is now standard in performance of the piece.

1960s [link]

Reich's early forays into composition involved experimentation with twelve-tone composition, but he found the rhythmic aspects of the twelve-tone series more interesting than the melodic aspects.^[10] Reich also composed film soundtracks for Plastic Haircut, Oh Dem Watermelons, and Thick Pucker, three films by Robert Nelson. The soundtrack of Plastic Haircut, composed in 1963, was a short tape collage, possibly Reich's first. The Watermelons soundtrack used two old Stephen Foster minstrel tunes as its basis, and used repeated phrasing together in a large five-part canon. The music for Thick Pucker arose from street recordings Reich made walking around San Francisco with Nelson, who filmed in black and white 16mm. This film no longer survives. A fourth film from 1965, about 25 minutes long and tentatively entitled "Thick Pucker II", was assembled by Nelson from outtakes of that shoot and more of the raw audio Reich had recorded. Nelson was not happy with the resulting film and never showed it.

Reich was influenced by fellow minimalist Terry Riley, whose work In C combines simple musical patterns, offset in time, to create a slowly shifting, cohesive whole. Reich adopted this approach to compose his first major work, It's Gonna Rain. Composed in 1965, the piece used a fragment of a sermon about the end of the world given by a black Pentecostal street-preacher known as Brother Walter. Reich built on his early tape work, transferring the last three words of the fragment, "it's gonna rain!", to multiple tape loops which gradually move out of phase with one another.

The 13-minute "Come Out" (1966) uses similarly manipulated recordings of a single spoken line given by Daniel Hamm, one of the falsely accused Harlem Six, who was severely injured by police. The survivor, who had been beaten, punctured a bruise on his own body to convince police about his beating. The spoken line includes the phrase "to let the bruise’s blood come out to show them." Reich rerecorded the fragment "come out to show them" on two channels, which are initially played in unison. They quickly slip out of sync; gradually the discrepancy widens and becomes a reverberation. The two voices then split into four, looped continuously, then eight, and continues splitting until the actual words are unintelligible, leaving the listener with only the speech's rhythmic and tonal patterns.

A similar, lesser known example of process music is "Pendulum Music" (1968), which consists of the sound of several microphones swinging over the loudspeakers to which they are attached, producing feedback as they do so. "Pendulum Music" has never been recorded by Reich himself, but was introduced to rock audiences by Sonic Youth in the late 1990s.

Reich's first attempt at translating this phasing technique from recorded tape to live performance was the 1967 Piano Phase, for two pianos. In Piano Phase the performers repeat a rapid twelve-note melodic figure, initially in unison. As one player keeps tempo with robotic precision, the other speeds up very slightly until the two parts line up again, but one sixteenth note apart. The second player then resumes the previous tempo. This cycle of speeding up and then locking in continues throughout the piece; the cycle comes full circle three times, the second and third cycles using shorter versions of the initial figure. Violin Phase, also written in 1967, is built on these same lines. Piano Phase and Violin Phase both premiered in a series of concerts given in New York art galleries.

Reich also tried to create the phasing effect in a piece "that would need no instrument beyond the human body". He found that the idea of phasing was inappropriate for the simple ways he was experimenting to make sound. Instead, he composed Clapping Music (1972), in which the players do not phase in and out with each other, but instead one performer keeps one line of a 12-quaver-long (12-eighth-note-long) phrase and the other performer shifts by one quaver beat every 12 bars, until both performers are back in unison 144 bars later.

The 1967 prototype piece Slow Motion Sound was not performed although Chris Hughes performed it 27 years later as "Slow Motion Blackbird" on his Reich-influenced 1994 album Shift. It introduced the idea of slowing down a recorded sound until many times its original length without changing pitch or timbre, which Reich applied to Four Organs (1970), which deals specifically with augmentation. The piece has maracas playing a fast eighth note pulse, while the four organs stress certain eighth notes using an 11th chord. This work therefore dealt with repetition and subtle rhythmic change. It is unique in the context of Reich's other pieces in being linear as opposed to cyclic like his earlier works— the superficially similar Phase Patterns, also for four organs but without maracas, is (as the name suggests) a phase piece similar to others composed during the period. Four Organs was performed as part of a Boston Symphony Orchestra program, and was Reich's first composition to be performed in a large traditional setting.

1970s [link]

In 1971, Reich embarked on a five-week trip to study music in Ghana, during which he learned from the master drummer Gideon Alorwoyie. Reich also studied Balinese gamelan in Seattle. From his African experience, as well as A. M. Jones's Studies in African Music about the music of the Ewe people, Reich drew inspiration for his 90-minute piece Drumming, which he composed shortly after his return. Composed for a nine-piece percussion ensemble with female voices and piccolo, Drumming marked the beginning of a new stage in his career, for around this time he formed his ensemble, Steve Reich and Musicians, and increasingly concentrated on composition and performance with them. Steve Reich and Musicians, which was to be the sole ensemble to interpret his works for many years, still remains active with many of its original members.

After Drumming, Reich moved on from the "phase shifting" technique that he had pioneered, and began writing more elaborate pieces. He investigated other musical processes such as augmentation (the temporal lengthening of phrases and melodic fragments). It was during this period that he wrote works such as Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ (1973) and Six Pianos (1973).

In 1974, Reich began writing what many would call his seminal work, Music for 18 Musicians. This piece involved many new ideas, although it also hearkened back to earlier pieces. It is based on a cycle of eleven chords introduced at the beginning (called "Pulses"), followed by a small section of music based on each chord ("Sections I-XI"), and finally a return to the original cycle ("Pulses"). This was Reich's first attempt at writing for larger ensembles. The increased number of performers resulted in more scope for psychoacoustic effects, which fascinated Reich, and he noted that he would like to "explore this idea further". Reich remarked that this one work contained more harmonic movement in the first five minutes than any other work he had written. Steve Reich and Musicians made the premier recording of this work on ECM Records.

Reich explored these ideas further in his frequently recorded pieces Music for a Large Ensemble (1978) and Octet (1979). In these two works, Reich experimented with "the human breath as the measure of musical duration … the chords played by the trumpets are written to take one comfortable breath to perform".^[11] Human voices are part of the musical palette in Music for a Large Ensemble but the wordless vocal parts simply form part of the texture (as they do in Drumming). With Octet and his first orchestral piece Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards (also 1979), Reich's music showed the influence of Biblical cantillation, which he had studied in Israel since the summer of 1977. After this, the human voice singing a text would play an increasingly important role in Reich's music.

“

The technique […] consists of taking pre-existing melodic patterns and stringing them together to form a longer melody in the service of a holy text. If you take away the text, you're left with the idea of putting together small motives to make longer melodies – a technique I had not encountered before.^[12]

”

In 1974 Reich published a book, Writings About Music (ISBN 0814773583), containing essays on his philosophy, aesthetics, and musical projects written between 1963 and 1974. An updated and much more extensive collection, Writings On Music (1965–2000) (ISBN 0195111710), was published in 2002.

1980s [link]

Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage. Tehillim (1981), Hebrew for psalms, is the first of Reich's works to draw explicitly on his Jewish background. The work is in four parts, and is scored for an ensemble of four women's voices (one high soprano, two lyric sopranos and one alto), piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, two clarinets, six percussion (playing small tuned tambourines without jingles, clapping, maracas, marimba, vibraphone and crotales), two electronic organs, two violins, viola, cello and double bass, with amplified voices, strings, and winds. A setting of texts from psalms 19:2–5 (19:1–4 in Christian translations), 34:13–15 (34:12–14), 18:26–27 (18:25–26), and 150:4–6, Tehillim is a departure from Reich's other work in its formal structure; the setting of texts several lines long rather than the fragments used in previous works makes melody a substantive element. Use of formal counterpoint and functional harmony also contrasts with the loosely structured minimalist works written previously.

	Pat Metheny "Electric Counterpoint III Fast" (1989) noicon 25 seconds of "Electric Counterpoint III Fast" performed by Pat Metheny. Composed by Steve Reich. From "Different Trains/Electric Counterpoint" album.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Different Trains (1988), for string quartet and tape, uses recorded speech, as in his earlier works, but this time as a melodic rather than a rhythmic element. In Different Trains Reich compares and contrasts his childhood memories of his train journeys between New York and California in 1939–1941 with the very different trains being used to transport contemporaneous European children to their deaths under Nazi rule. The Kronos Quartet recording of Different Trains was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition in 1990. The composition was described by Richard Taruskin as "the only adequate musical response—one of the few adequate artistic responses in any medium—to the Holocaust", and he credited the piece with earning Reich a place among the great composers of the 20th century.^[13]

1990s to present [link]

In 1993, Reich collaborated with his wife, the video artist Beryl Korot, on an opera, The Cave, which explores the roots of Judaism, Christianity and Islam through the words of Israelis, Palestinians, and Americans, echoed musically by the ensemble. The work, for percussion, voices, and strings, is a musical documentary, named for the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron, where a mosque now stands and Abraham is said to have been buried. The two collaborated again on the opera Three Tales, which concerns the Hindenburg disaster, the testing of nuclear weapons on Bikini Atoll, and other more modern concerns, specifically Dolly the sheep, cloning, and the technological singularity.

As well as pieces using sampling techniques, like Three Tales and City Life (1994), Reich also returned to composing purely instrumental works for the concert hall, starting with Triple Quartet (1998) written for the Kronos Quartet that can either be performed by string quartet and tape, three string quartets or 36-piece string orchestra. According to Reich, the piece is influenced by Bartók's and Alfred Schnittke's string quartets, and Michael Gordon's Yo Shakespeare.^[14] This series continued with Dance Patterns (2002), Cello Counterpoint (2003), and sequence of works centered around Variations: You Are (Variations) (2004) (a work which looks back to the vocal writing of works like Tehillim or The Desert Music), Variations for Vibes, Pianos, and Strings (2005, for the London Sinfonietta) and Daniel Variations (2006).

Invited by Walter Fink, he was the 12th composer featured in the annual Komponistenporträt of the Rheingau Musik Festival in 2002.

In an interview with The Guardian, Reich stated that he continues to follow this direction with his piece Double Sextet (2007) commissioned by eighth blackbird, an American ensemble consisting of the instrumental quintet (flute, clarinet, violin or viola, cello and piano) of Schoenberg's piece Pierrot Lunaire (1912) plus percussion. Reich states that he was thinking about Stravinsky's Agon (1957) as a model for the instrumental writing.

Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music, on April 20, 2009, for Double Sextet.^[15]

December 2010 NoneSuch and Indaba Music held a community remix contest where over 250 submissions were received, and Steve Reich and Christian Carey judged the finals. Reich spoke in a related BBC interview that once he composed a piece he would not alter it again himself; "when it's done, it's done". On the other hand he acknowledged that "remixes" have an old tradition e.g. famous religious music pieces where melodies were further developed into new songs.^[16]

In May 2011, Steve Reich received an honorary doctorate from the New England Conservatory of Music.^[17]

Influence [link]

Reich's style of composition has influenced many other composers and musical groups, including John Adams, the progressive rock band King Crimson, the new-age guitarist Michael Hedges, the art-pop and electronic musician Brian Eno, the experimental art/music group The Residents, the composers associated with the Bang on a Can festival (including David Lang, Michael Gordon, and Julia Wolfe), and numerous indie rock musicians including songwriter Sufjan Stevens^[18]^[19] and instrumental ensembles Tortoise,^[20]^[21]^[22] The Mercury Program (themselves influenced by Tortoise),^[23] So Many Dynamos, Do Make Say Think and A Silver Mt. Zion.^{[citation needed]} Godspeed You! Black Emperor composed a song, unreleased, entitled "Steve Reich".^[24]

John Adams commented, "He didn't reinvent the wheel so much as he showed us a new way to ride."^[25] He has also influenced visual artists such as Bruce Nauman, and many notable choreographers have made dances to his music, Eliot Feld, Jiří Kylián, Douglas Lee and Jerome Robbins among others; he has expressed particular admiration of Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker's work set to his pieces.

In featuring a sample of Reich's Electric Counterpoint (1987) the British ambient techno act the Orb exposed a new generation of listeners to the composer's music with its 1990 production “Little Fluffy Clouds.”^[26] Further acknowledgment of Reich's influence on various electronic dance music producers came with the release in 1999 of the Reich Remixed^[27] tribute album which featured reinterpretations by artists such as DJ Spooky, Kurtis Mantronik, Ken Ishii, and Coldcut, among others.^[26]

Reich often cites Pérotin, J.S. Bach, Debussy, Bartók, and Stravinsky as composers he admires, whose tradition he wished as a young composer to become part of.^[28] Jazz is a major part of the formation of Reich's musical style, and two of the earliest influences on his work were vocalists Ella Fitzgerald and Alfred Deller, whose emphasis on the artistic capabilities of the voice alone with little vibrato or other alteration was an inspiration to his earliest works. John Coltrane's style, which Reich has described as "playing a lot of notes to very few harmonies", also had an impact; of particular interest was the album Africa/Brass, which "was basically a half-an-hour in F."^[29] Reich's influence from jazz includes its roots, also, from the West African music he studied in his readings and visit to Ghana. Other important influences are Kenny Clarke and Miles Davis, and visual artist friends such as Sol LeWitt and Richard Serra. Reich recently contributed the introduction to Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture (The MIT Press, 2008) edited by Paul D. Miller, a.k.a. DJ Spooky.

Recent projects [link]

Reich has the world premiere of a piece, WTC 9/11, written for String Quartet and Tape, a similar instrumentation to that of Different Trains. It premiered in March 2011 by the Kronos Quartet, at Duke University, North Carolina, USA.^{[citation needed]}

Quotations [link]

[...] I drove a cab in San Francisco, and in New York I worked as a part-time social worker. Phil Glass and I had a moving company for a short period of time. I did all kinds of odd jobs [...] I started making a living as a performer in my own ensemble. I would never have thought that it was how I was going to survive financially. It was a complete wonder.
—From an interview with Richard Kessler, 1998^[30]

The point is, if you went to Paris and dug up Debussy and said, 'Excusez-moi Monsieur…are you an impressionist?' he'd probably say 'Merde!' and go back to sleep. That is a legitimate concern of musicologists, music historians, and journalists, and it's a convenient way of referring to me, Riley, Glass, La Monte Young [...] it's become the dominant style. But, anybody who's interested in French Impressionism is interested in how different Debussy and Ravel and Satie are—and ditto for what's called minimalism. [...] Basically, those kind of words are taken from painting and sculpture, and applied to musicians who composed at the same period as that painting and sculpture was made [...].
—From an Interview with Rebecca Y. Kim, 2000^[31]

All musicians in the past, starting with the middle ages were interested in popular music. (...) Béla Bartók's music is made entirely of sources from Hungarian folk music. And Igor Stravinsky, although he lied about it, used all kinds of Russian sources for his early ballets. Kurt Weill's great masterpiece Dreigroschenoper is using the cabaret-style of the Weimar Republic and that's why it is such a masterpiece. Only artificial division between popular and classical music happened unfortunately through the blindness of Arnold Schoenberg and his followers to create an artificial wall, which never existed before him. In my generation we tore the wall down and now we are back to the normal situation, for example if Brian Eno or David Bowie come to me, and if popular musicians remix my music like The Orb or DJ Spooky it is a good thing. This is a natural normal regular historical way.
—From an Interview with Jakob Buhre^[32]

Works [link]

Soundtrack for The Plastic Haircut, tape (1963)
Music for two or more pianos (1964)
Livelihood (1964)
It's Gonna Rain, tape (1965)
Soundtrack for Oh Dem Watermelons, tape (1965)
Come Out, tape (1966)
Melodica, for melodica and tape (1966)
Reed Phase, for soprano saxophone and tape (1966)
Piano Phase for two pianos, or two marimbas (1967)
Slow Motion Sound concept piece (1967)
Violin Phase for violin and tape or four violins (1967)
My Name Is for three tape recorders and performers (1967)
Pendulum Music for 3 or 4 microphones, amplifiers and loudspeakers (1968) (revised 1973)^[33]
Four Organs for four electric organs and maracas (1970)
Phase Patterns for four electric organs (1970)
Drumming for 4 pairs of tuned bongo drums, 3 marimbas, 3 glockenspiels, 2 female voices, whistling and piccolo (1970/1971)
Clapping Music for two musicians clapping (1972)
Music for Pieces of Wood for five pairs of tuned claves (1973)
Six Pianos (1973) – transcribed as Six Marimbas (1986)
Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ (1973)
Music for 18 Musicians (1974–76)
Music for a Large Ensemble (1978)
Octet (1979) – withdrawn in favor of the 1983 revision for slightly larger ensemble, Eight Lines
Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards for orchestra (1979)
Tehillim for voices and ensemble (1981)
Vermont Counterpoint for amplified flute and tape (1982)
The Desert Music for chorus and orchestra or voices and ensemble (1983, text by William Carlos Williams)
Sextet for percussion and keyboards (1984)
New York Counterpoint for amplified clarinet and tape, or 11 clarinets and bass clarinet (1985)
Three Movements for orchestra (1986)
Electric Counterpoint for electric guitar or amplified acoustic guitar and tape (1987, for Pat Metheny)
The Four Sections for orchestra (1987)
Different Trains for string quartet and tape (1988)
The Cave for four voices, ensemble and video (1993, with Beryl Korot)
Duet for two violins and string ensemble (1993)
Nagoya Marimbas for two marimbas (1994)
City Life for amplified ensemble (1995)
Proverb for voices and ensemble (1995, text by Ludwig Wittgenstein)
Triple Quartet for amplified string quartet (with prerecorded tape), or three string quartets, or string orchestra (1998)
Know What Is Above You for four women’s voices and 2 tamborims (1999)
Three Tales for video projection, five voices and ensemble (1998–2002, with Beryl Korot)
Dance Patterns for 2 xylophones, 2 vibraphones and 2 pianos (2002)
Cello Counterpoint for amplified cello and multichannel tape (2003)
You Are (Variations) for voices and ensemble (2004)
For Strings (with Winds and Brass) for orchestra (1987/2004)
Variations for Vibes, Pianos, and Strings dance piece for three string quartets, four vibraphones, and two pianos (2005)
Daniel Variations for four voices and ensemble (2006)
Double Sextet for 2 violins, 2 cellos, 2 pianos, 2 vibraphones, 2 clarinets, 2 flutes or ensemble and pre-recorded tape (2007)
2x5 for 2 drum sets, 2 pianos, 4 electric guitars and 2 bass guitars (2008)
Mallet Quartet for 2 marimbas and 2 vibraphones or 4 marimbas (or solo percussion and tape) (2009)
WTC 9/11 for String Quartet and Tape (2010)

Selected discography [link]

Drumming. Steve Reich and Musicians (Two recordings: Deutsche Grammophon and Nonesuch) So Percussion (Cantaloupe)
Music for 18 Musicians. Steve Reich and Musicians (Two recordings: ECM and Nonesuch), Grand Valley State University New Music Ensemble (Innova), Ensemble Modern (RCA).
Octet/Music for a Large Ensemble/Violin Phase. Steve Reich and Musicians (ECM)
Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards/Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ/ Six Pianos. San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, Edo de Waart, Steve Reich & Musicians (Deutsche Grammophon)
Tehillim/The Desert Music. Alarm Will Sound and OSSIA, Alan Pierson (Cantaloupe)
Different Trains/Electric Counterpoint. Kronos Quartet, Pat Metheny (Nonesuch)
You Are (Variations)/Cello Counterpoint. Los Angeles Master Chorale, Grant Gershon, Maya Beiser (Nonesuch)
Steve Reich: Works 1965-1995. Various performers (Nonesuch).
Daniel Variations, with Variations for Vibes, Pianos and Strings. London Sinfonietta, Grant Gershon, Alan Pierson (Nonesuch)
Double Sextet/2x5, Eighth Blackbird and Bang on a Can (Nonesuch)
Piano Phase, transcribed for guitar, Alexandre Gérard (Catapult)
Phase to Face, a film documentary about Steve Reich by Eric Darmon & Franck Mallet (EuroArts) DVD

Notes [link]

^ "Say How? A Pronunciation Guide to Names of Public Figures". National Library Service. May 2006. http://www.loc.gov/nls/other/sayhow.html#r. Retrieved October 15, 2009. See also here [1] and here (sound clip).
^ Mertens, W. (1983), American Minimal Music, Kahn & Averill, London, (p.11).
^ Michael Nyman, writing in the preface of Mertens' book refers to the style as "so called minimal music"(ibid p.8).
^ "The term 'minimal music' is generally used to describe a style of music that developed in America in the late 1960s and 1970s; and that was initially connected with the composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass." Sitsky, L. (2002), Music of the twentieth-century avant-garde: a biocritical sourcebook,Greenwood Press, Westport, CT. (p.361)
^ "Radio 3 Programmes - Composer of the Week, Steve Reich (b.1936), Episode 1". BBC. 2010-10-25. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vct73. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
^ Gann, Kyle (July 13, 1999). "Grand Old Youngster". The Village Voice. http://www.villagevoice.com/1999-07-13/music/grand-old-youngster. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
^ "Pulitzer Prize for Music citation 2009". Pulitzer.org. http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2009-Music. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
^ Music from Mills at Allmusic
^ Bernstein, David (2008). The San Francisco Tape Music Center. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24892-2.
^ Malcolm Ball on Steve Reich
^ Liner notes for Music for a Large Ensemble
^ Schwarz, K. Robert. Minimalists, Phaidon Press, 1996, p.84 and p.86.
^ Taruskin, Richard (August 24, 1997). "A Sturdy Musical Bridge to the 21st Century". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE4D91F3FF937A1575BC0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
^ "From New York to Vermont: Conversation with Steve Reich". Stevereich.com. http://www.stevereich.com/articles/NY-VT.html. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
^ "2009 Pulitzer Prizes for Letters, Drama and Music", The New York Times, April 20, 2009.
^ "Steve Reich Remix Contest - 2x5 Movement 3". Indaba Music. http://www.indabamusic.com/opportunities/steve-reich-remix-contest. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
^ "Commencement 2011 | New England Conservatory". Necmusic.edu. http://necmusic.edu/commencement-2011. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
^ Wise, Brian (2006). "Steve Reich @ 70 on WNYC". WNYC. http://www.wnyc.org/music/articles/66792. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
^ Joana de Belém (November 12, 2006). "O passado e o presente de Steve Reich no Porto" (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. http://dn.sapo.pt/2006/11/12/artes/o_passado_presente_steve_reich_porto.html. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
^ Hutlock, Todd (September 1, 2006). "Tortoise – A Lazarus Taxon". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on September 17, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060917055800/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/tortoise/a-lazarus-taxon.htm. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
^ Ratliff, Ben (March 23, 1998). "TNT : Tortoise : Review". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/230069/review/5941937/tnt. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
^ "Performers: Tortoise (Illinois)". Guelph Jazz Festival. 2008. http://www.guelphjazzfestival.com/2008_season/performers/tortoise_illinois. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
^ Stratton, Jeff (May 10, 2001). "We Have Liftoff". Broward-Palm Beach New Times. http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/2001-05-10/music/we-have-liftoff. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
^ "sad". Brainwashed.com. http://brainwashed.com/godspeed/music.html. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
^ John Adams: "...For him, pulsation and tonality were not just cultural artifacts. They were the lifeblood of the musical experience, natural laws. It was his triumph to find a way to embrace these fundamental principles and still create a music that felt genuine and new. He didn't reinvent the wheel so much as he showed us a new way to ride." See for instance the articles section of the "Steve Reich Website". http://www.stevereich.com/. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
^ ^a ^b Emmerson, S. (2007), Music, Electronic Media, and Culture, Ashgate, Adlershot, p.68.
^ Reich Remixed: album track listing at www.discogs.com
^ "Questions from Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker & Answers from". Steve Reich. http://www.stevereich.com/articles/Anne_Teresa_de_Keersmaeker_intervies.html. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
^ "Steve Reich Interview with Gabrielle Zuckerman, July 2002". Musicmavericks.publicradio.org. http://musicmavericks.publicradio.org/features/interview_reich.html. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
^ "Steve Reich Interview (7/98) – Richard Kessler, Executive Director of the American Music Center, talks with Steve Reich". NewMusicBox. American Music Center. 1998-07. http://www.newmusicbox.org/archive/firstperson/reich/index.html. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
^ http://www.stevereich.com www.stevereich.com
^ Buhre, Jakob. Interview with Steve Reich: We tore the wall down, Planet Interview (August 14, 2000). Accessed September 20, 2006.
^ *Reich, Steve (1975 (New Edition)). Writings on Music. USA: New York University Press. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0-8147-7357-5.

References [link]

Potter, Keith (2000). Four Musical Minimalists: La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass. Music in the Twentieth Century series. Cambridge, UK; New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Reich, Steve; Hillier, Paul (Editor) (April 1, 2002). Writings on Music, 1965–2000. USA: Oxford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 0-19-511171-0.
Reich, Steve (1974). Writings About Music. Halifax: Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design. p. 78. ISBN 0-919616-02-X.

External links [link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Steve Reich

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Steve Reich

SteveReich.com – Official Website
Boosey & Hawkes, Official Publisher: biography, works list, resources
(French) A biography of Steve Reich, from IRCAM's website.
London Steve Reich Ensemble – Official website
Music and the Holocaust – Different Trains

Interviews

A Steve Reich Interview with Christopher Abbot
Two interviews with Steve Reich by Bruce Duffie (October, 1985 & November, 1995)
Steve Reich Interview (7/98) with Richard Kessler
Time and Motion: an interview with Steve Reich, by Robert Davidson, 1999
A Steve Reich Interview with Marc Weidenbaum, 1999
"Drumming" – Interview & analysis, selected as one of the NPR 100 most important musical works of the 20th century. Realaudio format, timing: 12:46, July, 2000
Steve Reich Interview with Jakob Buhre, August 2000
In Conversation with Steve Reich, by Molly Sheridan, June 2002
Steve Reich and Beryl Korot interviewed by David Allenby, 2002
An interview in The Guardian, January 2, 2004
The Next Phase: Steve Reich talks to Richard Kessler About Redefinition and Renewal, 2004
"How Small a Thought it Takes to Fill a Whole Life" – An Interview with Not-So-Minimalist Composer Steve Reich on AdventuresInMusic.biz, 2005
A Steve Reich Interview with Hermann Kretzschmar on You Are (Variations), 2005
The beaten track, an interview with Reich, by Andrew Clements, The Guardian, October 28, 2005
An interview with Steve Reich on RTE television, National Broadcaster in Ireland, May 29, 2006
An interview with Steve Reich on musicOMH.com, October 2006
Interview: Steve Reich, by Joshua Klein, November 22, 2006.
"Steve Reich at 70" from NPR Fresh Air broadcast October 6, 2006 includes interview about "It's Gonna Rain", "Drumming", and "Tehillim" that first aired in 1999 and another on "Different Trains" from 1989 (Realaudio format, timing: 39:25)
"Video Interview (Feb. 2006)", Cité de la musique, Paris, France
"Two Arts Beating As One" – Interviews with Steve Reich and his wife Beryl Korot with video and audio clips, May 2009

Listening

Steve Reich at UC Berkeley University Museum (November 7, 1970) Streaming audio
Steve Reich at the Whitney "October 15, 2006" MP3
Reich speaks about Daniel Variations for the South Bank Show

Others

Classical Music Pages: Steve Reich biography
(French) A biography of Steve Reich, from IRCAM's website.
A Description/documentary of Steve Reich from Duke University, includes sound samples and quotes
EST: Steve Reich by Roger Sutherland
Music as a Gradual Process by Steve Reich
Steve Reich: You Are (Variations) premiere in LA (October 2004)
New York Fetes Composer Steve Reich at 70 from NPR
Fascinating rhythm. Celebrating Steve Reich. Article by Alex Ross from The New Yorker.
Steve Reich & Sonny Rollins winners of the Polar Music Prize for 2007 Press release of Polar Prize announcement

v t e Works by Steve Reich

1960s	It's Gonna Rain (1965) Come Out (1966) Piano Phase (1967) Violin Phase (1967) Pendulum Music (1968)

1970s	Four Organs (1970) Phase Patterns (1970) Drumming (1970–1971) Clapping Music (1972) Music for Pieces of Wood (1973) Six Pianos (1973) Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ (1973) Music for 18 Musicians (1974–1976) Music for a Large Ensemble (1978) Octet (1979) Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards (1979)

1980s	Tehillim (1981) Vermont Counterpoint (1982) Eight Lines (1983) The Desert Music (1984) Sextet (1984) New York Counterpoint (1985) Three Movements (1986) The Four Sections (1987) Electric Counterpoint (1987) Different Trains (1988)

1990s	The Cave (1993) City Life (1994) Nagoya Marimbas (1994) Proverb (1995) Triple Quartet (1998) Three Tales (1998–2002)

2000s	Dance Patterns (2002) Cello Counterpoint (2003) You Are (Variations) (2004) Variations for Vibes, Pianos, and Strings (2005) Daniel Variations (2006) Double Sextet (2007) 2x5 (2008) Mallet Quartet (2009)

2010s	WTC 9/11 (2010)

v t e Laureates of the Polar Music Prize

1992–1999	Paul McCartney / the Baltic states (1992) Dizzy Gillespie / Witold Lutosławski (1993) Quincy Jones / Nikolaus Harnoncourt (1994) Elton John / Mstislav Rostropovich (1995) Joni Mitchell / Pierre Boulez (1996) Bruce Springsteen / Eric Ericson (1997) Ray Charles / Ravi Shankar (1998) Stevie Wonder / Iannis Xenakis (1999)

2000–2009	Bob Dylan / Isaac Stern (2000) Burt Bacharach / Robert Moog / Karlheinz Stockhausen (2001) Miriam Makeba / Sofia Gubaidulina (2002) Keith Jarrett (2003) B.B. King / György Ligeti (2004) Gilberto Gil / Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (2005) Led Zeppelin / Valery Gergiev (2006) Sonny Rollins / Steve Reich (2007) Pink Floyd / Renée Fleming (2008) Peter Gabriel / José Antonio Abreu / El Sistema (2009)

2010–present	Björk / Ennio Morricone (2010) Kronos Quartet / Patti Smith (2011)

v t e Pulitzer Prize for Music (2001–2025)

John Corigliano (2001) Henry Brant (2002) John Adams (2003) Paul Moravec (2004) Steven Stucky (2005) Yehudi Wyner (2006) Ornette Coleman (2007) David Lang (2008) Steve Reich (2009) Jennifer Higdon (2010) Zhou Long (2011) Kevin Puts (2012)

Complete list (1943–1950) (1951–1975) (1976–2000) (2001–2025)

Persondata
Name	Reich, Steve
Alternative names
Short description	American Composer
Date of birth	October 3, 1936
Place of birth	New York City, United States
Date of death
Place of death

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Contents

Career [link]

Early life [link]

1960s [link]

1970s [link]

1980s [link]

1990s to present [link]

Influence [link]

Recent projects [link]

Quotations [link]

Works [link]

Selected discography [link]

Further reading [link]

See also [link]

Notes [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

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