Tubas
Other transcription(s)
• Arabic	طوباس
• Also spelled	Toubas (official) Tubass (unofficial)
Tubas skyline
Tubas Location of Tubas within the Palestinian territories
Coordinates: 32°19′20.89″N 35°22′07.30″E / 32.3224694°N 35.368694°E / 32.3224694; 35.368694Coordinates: 32°19′20.89″N 35°22′07.30″E / 32.3224694°N 35.368694°E / 32.3224694; 35.368694
Governorate	Tubas
Founded	Late 1800s
Government
• Type	City
• Head of Municipality	Jamal Abu Mohsin
Area
• Jurisdiction	295,123 dunams (295.1 km2 or 113.9 sq mi)
Population (2006)
• Jurisdiction	16,100

Tubas or Toubas (Arabic: طوباس‎, Tûbâs) is a small Palestinian city in the northeastern West Bank, located 21 kilometers (13 mi) northeast of Nablus, a few kilometers west of the Jordan River. A city of over 16,000 inhabitants, it serves as the economic and administrative center of the Tubas Governorate. Its urban area consists of 2,271 dunams (227 hectares). It is governed by a municipal council of 15 members and most of its working inhabitants are employed in agriculture or public services. Jamal Abu Mohsin has been the mayor of Tubas since being elected in 2005.

Tubas has been identified as the ancient town of Thebez—a Canaanite town famous for revolting against King Abimelech. However, the modern town was founded in the late 19th century—during the Ottoman rule of Palestine—by Arab clans living in the Jordan Valley region and became major town in the District of Nablus, particularly known for its timber and cheese-making. It came under the British Mandate of Palestine in 1917, annexed by Jordan after their capture of the town in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and then occupied by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. The Palestinian National Authority has had complete control of Tubas since it was transferred to them in 1995.

History[link]

Biblical period[link]

The city's name Tubas derives from the Canaanite word Tuba Syoys or "illuminating star".^[1] Tubas was identified by Edward Robinson to be the Canaanite town of "Thebez"^{[pronunciation?]} mentioned in the Bible.^[2][3] Thebez was ruled by the Israelite King Abimelech of Shechem. When the people of Shechem (at that time a Canaanite city) revolted against him, Thebez joined the revolt. A Biblical story relates that Abimelech attempted to destroy Thebez in response to its participation in the revolt and when he and his army attacked a tower in the town, a woman hurled a millstone at Abimelech, killing him.^[4][5]

Archaeological remains such as cemeteries and olive presses indicate that Tubas was inhabited during the Roman era of rule in Palestine.^[1] Jerome mentioned Thebez being 13 Roman miles east of Neapolis (Nablus). Besides the Biblical story, nothing has been known about Thebez before or after the revolt.^[6]

Founding[link]

Modern-day Tubas was founded in the late 19th century during Ottoman rule in Palestine, when groups of Arabs belonging to the Daraghmeh clan—mostly shepherds and farmers who lived in the Jordan Valley—migrated northward to the site because of its fertile ground, proximity to several springs, and its high elevation compared to the Jordan Valley and Wadi al-Far'a plain;^[1] Mount Gerizim was visible from the area.^[7] The Daraghmeh clan had lived in the Jordan Valley since the 15th century and in addition to Tubas, they founded or inhabited the nearby hamlets of Kardala, al-Farisiya, Khirbet al-Malih, Kishda, Yarza, and Ras al-Far'a. Soon after the establishment of Tubas, Arabs from Najd, Syria, Jordan and nearby Nablus, as well as Hebron, came to settle in the area.^[1] During this period, Tubas became the site of clashes between the 'Abd al-Hadi and Touqan clans of Nablus and suffered incursions by Bedouins from areas east of the city.^[7] The Jarrar clan did not inhabit, but administrated Tubas, as it was located within the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Mashariq al-Jarrar.^[8]

Tubas was one of the largest villages in the District of Nablus. Most of the inhabitants resided in mud-built houses or tents, in order to work on their distant lands in the Jordan Valley and to graze their sheep and goat flocks.^[8] According to traveler Herbert Rix, compared to other towns of its size in Samaria, Tubas was "well-to-do" and had abundant amounts of timber which was harvested for firewood.^[4] Tubas, unlike the villages in the rest of the district, depended on livestock and not olives for income. Livestock products included cheese, clarified butter, woolen rugs, tents, ropes, and cloth bags.^[8]

The Palestine Exploration Fund reported that the Samaritans believed that the tomb of Asher, known locally as Nabi Tota ("the good prophet"), was located in Tubas. The tomb served as a shrine in local Muslim tradition.^[9]

Modern era[link]

In 1917, the British captured Palestine from the Ottomans, and in 1922–23 Tubas was incorporated into the British Mandate of Palestine. In 1947, the United Nations drew up a partition plan to divide Palestine into Jewish and Arab states; Tubas and the surrounding villages and hamlets were to be included in the Arab state. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Fawzi al-Qawuqji led 750 Arab Liberation Army (ALA) soldiers to Tubas from Jordan and set up base there; Tubas would serve as the ALA's headquarters in central Palestine throughout the war.^[10] Jordan annexed the city along with the entire West Bank, after gaining control of it during the war. Tubas was under their control until 1967, when Israel occupied the West Bank during the Six-Day War.

Tubas was transferred to Palestinian National Authority (PNA) control in 1995 under the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. During the Jordanian and Israeli periods, the city was under the administration of the Nablus Governorate, but in 1996, the PNA declared Tubas and the immediate area to be an electoral district, and later, an independent administrative area—the Tubas Governorate.^[11]

Tubas did not see as much violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as nearby Nablus and Jenin, but a number of incidents occurred during the Second Intifada, which began in 2000. In April 2002, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) killed six active Hamas members in the town, including Ashraf Tamza Daraghmeh—the chief Hamas commander in Tubas and the surrounding area.^[12][13] On August 31, 2002, an Israeli Apache helicopter fired four Hellfire missiles at a civilian car suspected of carrying a local al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades commander and a nearby home. The strike instead killed five civilians, including two children, two teenagers and a 29-year-old Fatah activist accused of being a member of the al-Aqsa Brigades. The Israeli Defense Minister, Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, issued a statement expressing "regret" over "harming" civilians in Tubas. Ben-Eliezer described the raid in Tubas as a "mistake", and promised that the army would investigate the incident.^[14] On August 21, 2009, a clash between the Sawafta clan and another city clan left a member of the former dead and 38 others injured. Five homes were also burnt and Palestinian Security Forces arrested five people in connection to the death.^[15]

Geography[link]

Tubas is located in the upper hills of Samaria in the northern West Bank^[16] with an elevation of 362 meters (1,188 ft) above sea level, whereas most of the Tubas Governorate is located within the Jordan Valley to the south.^[1] In a 1945 land survey, Tubas along with nearby Bardala and Kardala consisted of 313,123 dunams (31,312 hectares) of which 220,594 was Arab-owned and the remainder being public property.^[17] As of 2005, its total land area consists of 295,123 dunams (29,512 hectares), of which 2,271 is classified as built-up, roughly 150,000 used for agricultural purposes and about 180,000 confiscated by Israel for military bases and buffer zone.^[18]

Tubas is 21 kilometers (13 mi) northeast of Nablus, 3.7 kilometers (2.3 mi) west of the Jordan River and 63 kilometers (39 mi) east of the Mediterranean Sea. Nearby localities include the town of Aqqaba to the north, Tayasir and Aqabah villages to the northeast, Ras al-Far'a to the southwest, the Palestinian refugee camp of Far'a to the south and the al-Bikai'a village cluster to the southeast.^[1]

It has a moderate climate; the summer is hot and dry, and the winter is cold and wet. The average annual temperature is 21 °C (70 °F), and the average annual humidity rate is 56%.^[1]

Demographics[link]

Tubas had a population of 3,349 in 1922 which rose to 4,097 in 1931, according to a British Mandate census. In Sami Hadawi's 1945 land and population survey, Tubas and nearby Bardala had a combined population of 5,530.^[17] In 1964, Tubas alone had a population of 5,880.^[19] About 1,100 residents fled Tubas after the 1967 Six-Day War mostly to the Souf refugee camp in Jordan,^[20] while 260 emigrated there and in 1981 its population was 5,300.^[21]

In the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics' (PCBS) first official census in 1997, Tubas had a population of 11,760 inhabitants. The gender make-up was 50.8% male and 49.2% female. Tubas has an overwhelmingly young population with 52.7% of the city's residents below the age of 20. People between the ages of 20 and 34 constitute 24.7%, 17.7% between the ages of 35 and 64, while people above the age of 64 constituted 4.9% of the population.^[22] The census also revealed that refugees made up 6.1% of the total residents.^[23]

In the PCBS's latest projection, Tubas had a population of 16,087 inhabitants in mid-year 2006,^[24] increasing by 32.6% from 1997 and 3.2% from 2005. The city represents roughly a third (33.4%) of the Tubas Governorate's total population. The city's modern-era founders—the Daraghmeh clan—constitute 70% of Tubas.^[1] The clan has several sub-families including Mslamany, Abd al-Razeq and Abu Khazaran.^[25] The Sawafta family make up 25%, the Husheh make up 3% and the Fuquha represent the remaining 2%.^[1] Nearly all of the inhabitants of Tubas are adherents of Islam,^[2][7] but there is a community of approximately 60 Palestinian Christians, all following the Orthodox Christian Church.^[26]

Economy[link]

The economical situation Tubas during the 1993–99 period was prosperous, however since the start of the Second Intifada in 2000–01, Tubas' income level has decreased by roughly 40%. Prior to the Intifada, the average household income was 2,500 NIS, receding to about 1,500 NIS. A major factor that has resulted from the conflict was the confiscation of agricultural land located within the city's or its governorate's jurisdiction by Israeli settlements or military authorities. According to the PCBS, in 1999, approximately 52% of the citizens were within the working age (15-64). Of the city's labor force, 48% are females.^[1] The unemployment rate increased dramatically from 20% in 1999 to 70% after the year 2000.^[1] Prior to the Intifada, 35% of the total labor force worked in Israel.^[27]

Currently, agriculture constitutes 60% of Tubas' economic activity, public services comprise 17%, trade is 10%, Israeli labor is 8%, construction and industry make-up the remaining 5%. In the city, there are 240 shops and stores, 70 service institutions and 30 small factories.^[1]

Agriculture[link]

The main economic sector in Tubas is agriculture. There is a total of 150,000 dunams of arable land, of which 124,450 dunams are covered by forests and 10,604 dunams cultivated. Although the land is fertile, there is a lack of water for irrigation. The only spring used is the nearby Ein Far'a. Field crops account for 49% of the cultivable land, while fruit orchards account for 40% and vegetables make-up 11%. Israeli trenches around the neighboring villages of Ras al-Ahmar and Khirbet al-'Atuf prevent access to nearly 40% of Tubas' arable lands.^[1] Many Tubas residents keep livestock, mostly sheep; In 2005, there was a total 6,670 sheep. Other livestock owned, include 96 cattle, 880 goats and 126,500 poultry. In addition, 123 beehives were kept.^[18]

Government[link]

Tubas serves as the muhfaza ("capital" or "seat") of the Tubas Governorate. Since 1995, Tubas has been located in Area A, giving the PNA full control over its security, administration and civilian affairs.^[1]

Tubas has been governed by a municipal council since 1953, when it was granted permission to do so by Jordanian authorities who controlled the West Bank at the time. The council is made up of 15 members including the mayor, and is headquartered in the municipal hall in the center of the town. The municipality has over 60 employees. Responsibilities of the municipality include civil administration, urban planning and development, social development services, distribution of social services, the issuing of building permits and infrastructural maintenance: water, electricity and solid waste collection.^[1]

The location of Tubas (marked in red) within the West Bank

Auqab Daraghmeh was succeeded by Jamal Abdel Fattah Mahmoud Abu Mohsin, an independent candidate, elected in the 2005 Palestinian municipal elections. During the elections women won two seats, and though Tubas is normally a Fatah stronghold, all seats were won by independent political lists. The elected members of the Tubas municipal council are listed in the following table.^[28]

Education[link]

In 2004-05, Tubas had twelve schools; four for males, three for females and five co-educational. There were 4,924 students and 191 teachers. In addition, six kindergartens are located in the city, and have a total of 620 pupils. In 1997, the illiteracy rate was 14%; females comprised 78.3% of the illiterate population. Of the literate population, 25.7% completed elementary education, 23.3% completed preparatory education and 22.1% completed secondary or higher education.^[1] The Al-Quds Open University based in Jerusalem, has a campus in Tubas known as Al-Quds Open University-Tubas Educational Region. In 2006, 1,789 students were enrolled in the university, it had 90 professors and 24 other employees.^[29]

Local infrastructure[link]

Tubas contains six mosques. The main mosques are the Abd ar-Rahan Mosque, the al-Tawled Mosque, Umar ibn al-Khattab Mosque, and Shaheed Mosque.^[1] The Holy Trinity Orthodox Church is also located in Tubas, in the northern part of the city. The church was built in 1976 to serve the small Orthodox Christian community. It consists of a prayer room, a fellowship hall, an office, and a library for children.^[30] The Sawafta family has an old palace in Tubas as well.^[1]

Since Tubas is the capital and largest city in the Tubas Governorate, it acts as the main provider of services to the towns and villages of the governorate. All Palestinian National Authority offices that serve the governorate are located in the city. There are 21 government institutions in Tubas, including a post office, the Palestinian Ministry of Labor office, the Palestinian Ministry of Agriculture office, the Palestinian Ministry of Social Affairs office, the fire department and a police station.^[1]

Transportation[link]

Buses and taxis are the primary means of transportation in Tubas. The total length of paved roads is 10,000 meters (33,000 ft), whereas there are 10,000 meters (33,000 ft) of deteriorating paved roads and 25,000 meters (82,000 ft) of road that are entirely unpaved. Tubas is located on Highway 588 connected to the main Ramallah-Nablus road (Highway 60) by a network of northeastern offshoots of the road, that pass through the villages of Azmut, al-Badhan and Ras al-Far'a. It is connected to Jenin from a northern road which passes through 'Aqqaba, Zababdeh and finally to Jenin.^[1] Travel to Jordan is through Highway 57 which is connected with Highway 588 just to the south of Tubas.^[31]

Health care[link]

The city contains five health centers run by various organizations including the Palestinian Red Crescent.^[27] There are no hospitals in Tubas, nor in the Tubas Governorate; Residents must travel to Nablus for hospital treatment, but there are two ambulances in Tubas for emergency transportation. There are four clinics in the city: Two are run by non-governmental organizations, one by the Palestinian National Authority and one is privately-owned. The clinics lack modern equipment and specialists, however. In addition, ten pharmacies exist in Tubas.^[1]

Utilities[link]

Approximately 60% of the residents have telephone connection, and roughly 90% are connected to the water. The Tubas Municipality administers all water resources in and around the city. In addition, to the water network there is one spring (Far'a) in the immediate area which is the main provider of water for use in households. The city also has a water reservoir with a capacity of 900 cubic meters. This is primarily used to provide water to the urban areas of city during Summer, and is only available once on a weekly basis.^[1]

From 1963 to 1997 local municipal-owned electric generators provided Tubas with all of its electricity needs. In 1997, the city connected with the Tubas Area Electricity Network which is provided by the Israeli Electric Cooperation. In that period, 99% of households in the city were connected with electricity. Solid waste management in Tubas is operated by the municipality and Joint Services Council. It is collected 3-4 times daily from the residential area, which is sent to a shared dumping site 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) from the city. The main disposal method used is burning. Tubas is not connected to the sewage network, therefore all households dispose of their waste water in cesspits, a major source of pollution in groundwater.^[1]

See also[link]

• List of cities in Palestinian National Authority areas
• Wadi al-Far'a

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tubas

External links[link]

• Tubas (pdf file)

v t e Tubas Governorate Cities Tubas Municipalities 'Aqqaba Tammun Villages Aqabah Bardala al-Bikai'a Ein al-Beida al-Farisiya Ibziq Kardala Khirbet al-Malih Khirbet ar-Ras al-Ahmar Ras al-Far'a Salhab Tayasir ath-Thaghra Wadi al-Far'a Refugee camps Far'a

v t e Cities in Palestinian National Authority areas West Bank Abu Dis Arraba Bani Na'im Beit Sahour Beit Jala Beit Ummar Beitunia Bethlehem al-Bireh ad-Dhahiriya Dura al-Eizariya Halhul Hebron Idhna Jenin Jericho Nablus Qabatiya Qalqilyah al-Ram Ramallah Sa'ir Salfit as-Samu Tarqumiya Tubas Tulkarm Ya'bad al-Yamun Yatta *Gaza Strip Abasan al-Kabera Bani Suheila Beit Hanoun Beit Lahia Deir al-Balah Gaza Jabalia Khan Yunis Rafah az-Zawayda *Since June 2007, the Gaza Strip has been under de facto Hamas governance.

For other Southern University campuses, see Southern University System.

Southern University and A&M College is a historically black college located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The Baton Rouge campus is located on Scott’s Bluff overlooking the Mississippi River in the northern section of the City of Baton Rouge. The city parish has a population of more than 500,000 and serves as a cultural, political, educational, and industrial center for South Louisiana. The campus encompasses 512 acres, with an agricultural experimental station on an additional 372-acre site, located five miles north of the main campus. The University is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

History[link]

President William McKinley speaks at Southern University in New Orleans, 1901.

The concept of Southern University was put forth by P. B. S. Pinchback, T. T. Allain, Henry Demas, and as an institution "for the education of persons of color" at the 1879 Louisiana State Constitutional Convention. In April 1880, the Louisiana General Assembly chartered Southern University, originally located in New Orleans. Southern opened its doors on March 7, 1881 (1881-03-07) with twelve students. One of the original locations of the early campus was the former Israel Sinai Temple on Calliope Street, between St. Charles and Camp streets in New Orleans. Southern became a land grant school in 1890, and an Agricultural and Mechanical department was established. Because of continued growth and a lack of land for expansion, the university relocated to what was then Scotlandville, along Scott's Bluff facing the Mississippi River in 1914. It is included as a destination of the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.

The new president and first president of what is now known as Southern University at Baton Rouge was Dr. Joseph Samuel Clark. Clark, an outstanding citizen in the Baton Rouge African American community, presided over Baton Rouge College and the Louisiana Colored Teachers Association. The Louisiana Constitutional Convention of 1921 authorized the reorganization and expansion of Southern University; and Legislative Act 100 of 1922 provided that the institution be reorganized under the control of the State Board of Education. Clark presided over Southern University during a transitionary period for the institution. The student enrollment grew from forty-seven students to 500 students and many of the school's early buildings were built during this time. Clark presided until his retirement in 1938, at which time the position was given to his son, Dr. Felton Grandison Clark, a renowned speaker and gentleman. Under his tenure, the university underwent tremendous growth. About 33 of 114 current buildings were erected in his 30 years at the university. The student enrollment grew from 500 to nearly 10,000 students. Due to the reluctance of LSU Law School to admit African Americans into its law program, and a law suit that was filed, a special Louisiana Convention allowed a law program, Southern University Law Center to come to Southern University in 1947. The university was one of the first historically black colleges to receive a visit from a First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, in 1943. Also during Clark's tenure, Southern University at New Orleans (SUNO) (1956) and Southern University at Shreveport/Bossier City (SUSLA) (1964) were founded. They were later incorporated into the Southern University System in 1974.

In 1969, the university saw a changing of the guard, when Clark retired and Dr. Leon G. Netterville took over the reins of leadership. On November 16, 1972, two students involved with "Students United", a student protest group on the campus, Denver Smith and Leonard Brown, were shot and killed outside the Old Auditorium (now the Southern University Museum of Art). The murders have never been solved.

The institution continued to grow, and in 1974 a special session in the Louisiana Legislature established the Southern University System, with Jesse N. Stone of Shreveport as its president. The Southern University System consists of Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, (SUBR); Southern University, New Orleans (SUNO); Southern University Law Center; Southern University Agricultural Center; and Southern University, Shreveport (SUSLA is a two-year, commuter college). The Southern University Museum of Art at Shreveport is another destination of the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.

The Jetson Chair of Public Policy was endowed by former State Representative Kevin P. Reilly, Sr., and his wife, Anna Lamar Switzer Reilly of Baton Rouge. Reilly is the former CEO of Lamar Advertising Company, a company now run by his two sons, Kevin Reilly, Jr., and Sean E. Reilly. The first season of the reality television series College Hill on BET premiered in 2004 with the Southern University campus as its locale.^{[citation needed]}

Campus[link]

Lake Kernan flows through the center of the campus and the Mississippi River forms its western boundary. Since 1960, buildings containing more than 2,000,000 square feet of floor area have been constructed. These buildings include:

• F. G. Clark Activity Center
• J. S. Clark Administration Building
• E. N. Mayberry Dining Hall
• Music Recital Hall
• Isaac Greggs Band Hall
• John B. Cade Library
• School of Nursing Building
• Health Research Wing of Lee Hall
• Rodney G. Higgins Hall for Social Science
• Augustus C. Blanks Hall for Special Education and Psychology
• Baranco-Hill Student Health Center
• College of Engineering Building, P.B.S. Pinchback.

The Smith-Brown Memorial Union, a 66,200-square feet multipurpose building which serves as a major center for extracurricular activities. The recently renovated Union features a 6 food court with popular food outlets; barber and beauty shops; television rooms; 12 bowling lanes; a game room for billiards, video games, and quiet games; an art gallery; a browsing room; a ballroom, meeting and conference rooms; and a U.S. Post Office. The building also houses offices for student organizations.

The F. G. Clark Activity Center has accommodations for theater, athletic events, conferences, convocations, and recreational activities. The building houses the Athletic Department.

The J. S. Clark Administration Building contains the offices of the Southern University Board of Supervisors, the Southern University System officers, the Chancellor of the Baton Rouge campus, and other campus administrative officers.

E. N. Mayberry Dining Hall contains the Magnolia Room, the Cypress Room, and the Oak Room, which is for student dining. Dunn Cafeteria is located in the Freshman Complex.^[4]

Academics[link]

Southern University main campus offers bachelors in 44 areas, 24 master's and 6 doctoral and one associate degree.

Undergraduate[link]

• College of Agriculture, Family, and Consumer Sciences
  • Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Sciences
  • Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics
  • Bachelor of Science in Family and Consumer Sciences
    • Apparel Merchandising and Interior Design
    • Child Development
    • Dietetics
    • Food Science and Management
  • Bachelor of Science in Urban Forestry
• College of Arts and Humanities
  • Bachelor of Arts in English
  • Bachelor of Arts in Fine Arts
  • Bachelor of Arts in French
  • Bachelor of Arts in History
  • Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communication
    • Broadcasting
    • Print
    • Public Relations
  • Bachelor of Music
  • Bachelor of Arts in Spanish
  • Bachelor of Arts in Speech Communication
  • Bachelor of Arts in Theater
• College of Business
  • Bachelor of Science in Accounting
  • Bachelor of Science in Business Economics
  • Bachelor of Science in Finance
  • Bachelor of Science in Business Management
  • Bachelor of Science in Electronic Business
  • Bachelor of Science in Marketing
• College of Education
  • Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education
  • Bachelor of Arts in Special Education
  • Bachelor of Music Education
    • Instrumental
    • Piano and Vocal
  • Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education
    • Biology and General Science
    • Chemistry and General Science
    • English
    • French
    • Health and Physical Education
    • Mathematics and a Second Teaching Field
    • Physics and General Science
    • Social Studies and History
    • Spanish
  • Bachelor of Science in Therapeutic Recreation and Leisure Studies
• College of Engineering
  • Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
  • Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
  • Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering Technology
  • Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
• College of Sciences
  • Bachelor of Science in Biology
  • Bachelor of Science in Chemistry
  • Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
    • Business Option
    • Scientific Option
  • Bachelor of Science in Mathematics
  • Bachelor of Science in Physics
  • Bachelor of Science in Psychology
  • Bachelor of Science in Rehabilitation Services
  • Bachelor of Science in Social Work
  • Bachelor of Science in Sociology
  • Bachelor of Science in Speech Pathology and Audiology
• School of Architecture
  • Bachelor of Architecture
• School of Nursing
  • Bachelor of Science in Nursing
• The Nelson Mandela School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs
  • Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
  • Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice
  • Associate of Science in Law Enforcement

Graduate[link]

Master of Arts

• Counselor Education
• Mass Communication
• Mental Health Counseling
• Social Sciences
  • Concentration in:
    • History
    • Political Science
    • Sociology

Master of Business Administration

• Business Administration

Master of Science

• Biology
• Traditional Chemistry
• Chemistry – Environmental Chemistry
• Computer Science
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Rehabilitation Counseling
• Speech Language Pathology
• Therapeutic Recreation
• Urban Forestry

Master of Education

• Administration & Supervision
• Elementary Education
• Secondary Education
• Special Education

Master of Criminal Justice

• Criminal Justice

Master of Public Administration

• Public Administration

Master of Science in Nursing

• Nursing

Master of Engineering

• Engineering

Doctor of Philosophy

• Public Policy
• Science and Mathematics Education
• Environmental Toxicology
• Nursing
• Special Education
• Urban Forestry

All Southern University programs are accredited and also are monitored by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).

Student activities[link]

Athletics[link]

The Southern Jaguars represent the university in NCAA intercollegiate athletics. Southern's sports teams participate in Division I (FCS for football) in the Southwestern Athletic Conference.

Southern University and its northern Louisiana rival, Grambling State University, annually participate in the Bayou Classic on the Saturday following Thanksgiving Day in New Orleans. NBC has carried the game live for over 15 years. In 2011, Southern became the first school handed a postseason ban in two sp football) for failing to meet the NCAA's academic progress rate requirements.^[5]

Marching band[link]

The Southern Marching Band and Dancing Dolls in 2008

The Southern University marching band, nicknamed the Human Jukebox, has been featured in television commercials, and invited to participate in the annual Rose Parade in Pasadena, California, Presidential Inauguration ceremonies and several Super Bowl halftime presentations. For many years, the band was one of the few in the U.S. that had no female members but that has changed in recent years;^[when?] currently there are over 20 female members.^{[citation needed]}

Southern's marching band was more infamously involved in a brawl with the Prairie View A&M University marching band during halftime of the 1998 Southern vs. Prairie View A&M football game. The bands for both schools were suspended for two games after the incident. Southern's program honored the suspension, while Prairie View did not.^[6]

Alumni[link]

This section requires expansion.

See also[link]

• List of presidents of Southern University

References[link]

External links[link]

	Louisiana portal
	University portal

• www.subr.edu — Official website
• www.gojagsports.com — Official athletics website
• – Willie Harris Collection