published: 08 Oct 2011
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Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada -
Mexico
Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
http://wn.com/Mexico -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
Wyoming
Wyoming is a state in the Western United States. The western two thirds of the state is mostly covered by the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High Plains. While the tenth largest U.S. state by area, Wyoming is the least populous, with a U.S. Census estimated population of 544,270 in 2009. This is a 5.9% increase since 2000. The capital and the most populous city of Wyoming is Cheyenne.
http://wn.com/Wyoming
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Alex Winston
Alexandra Leigh Winston (born September 28, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist from Detroit area Michigan
http://wn.com/Alex_Winston -
Anthrax (band)
Anthrax is an American heavy metal band from New York City, formed in 1981. The band was one of the most popular of the 1980s thrash metal scene. When thrash metal began to gain a major following in the mid-to-late 1980s, Anthrax were dubbed one of the "big four" of thrash metal alongside Metallica, Megadeth, and Slayer.
http://wn.com/Anthrax_(band) -
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned after his election to the presidency in November 2008.
http://wn.com/Barack_Obama -
Barbara Boxer
Barbara Levy Boxer (born November 11, 1940) is the junior United States Senator from California and a member of the Democratic Party.
http://wn.com/Barbara_Boxer -
BB King
http://wn.com/BB_King -
Bo Diddley
http://wn.com/Bo_Diddley -
Carla Gallo
http://wn.com/Carla_Gallo -
Chuck Berry
Charles Edward Anderson "Chuck" Berry (born October 18, 1926) is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter, and one of the pioneers of rock and roll music. With songs such as "Maybellene" (1955), "Roll Over Beethoven" (1956), "Rock and Roll Music" (1957) and "Johnny B. Goode" (1958), Chuck Berry refined and developed rhythm and blues into the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive, with lyrics focusing on teen life and consumerism and utilizing guitar solos and showmanship that would be a major influence on subsequent rock music.
http://wn.com/Chuck_Berry -
Clifford Davies
http://wn.com/Clifford_Davies -
Danny Masterson
Daniel Peter "Danny" Masterson (born March 13, 1976) is an American actor and DJ best known for his role as Steven Hyde in ''That '70s Show''.
http://wn.com/Danny_Masterson -
David Crowder Band
The David Crowder Band (marketed as David Crowder*Band) is a six-piece Christian Modern Worship band from Waco, Texas.
http://wn.com/David_Crowder_Band -
Derek St. Holmes
Derek St. Holmes (born February 1953) is an American musician best known as the vocalist and rhythm guitar player for Ted Nugent's successful early solo career.
http://wn.com/Derek_St_Holmes -
Dianne Feinstein
Dianne Goldman Berman Feinstein (; born June 22, 1933) is the senior U.S. Senator from California and a member of the Democratic Party. Feinstein was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 1992, was re-elected in 1994, 2000 and in 2006 for a term ending in January 2013. She also served as Mayor of San Francisco from 1978 to 1988.
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Eric Clapton
Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945) is an English blues-rock guitarist and singer-songwriter. Clapton is the only person who has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame three times; as a solo performer, as well as a member of rock bands the Yardbirds and Cream. Throughout his career, Clapton has been viewed by critics and fans alike as one of the most important and influential guitarists of all time, Clapton was ranked fourth in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" and #53 on their list of the "Immortals: 100 Greatest Artists of All Time". In 2010, Clapton was ranked #4 on ''Gibson's'' Top 50 Guitarists of All Time.
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Evan Seinfeld
Evan Seinfeld (born December 29, 1967) is an American musician and actor, as well as a director, photographer, and writer. He has also appeared in several pornographic films under the pseudonym "Spyder Jonez". He is best known for playing bass guitar and serving as vocalist for the heavy metal band Biohazard, and as the ex-husband of pornographic actress Tera Patrick. The couple announced their split on September 30, 2009, but they will remain business partners. In addition to Biohazard, he currently plays with the Spyderz. Previously, he had performed with Damnocracy. In October, 2008, he became the bassist for the band Tattooed Millionaires.
http://wn.com/Evan_Seinfeld -
Evan Smith
Evan Smith (born April 20, 1966) is the CEO and editor-in-chief of The Texas Tribune.
http://wn.com/Evan_Smith -
Frank Zappa
http://wn.com/Frank_Zappa -
Glenn Beck
Glenn Lee Beck (born February 10, 1964) is an American conservative radio and television host, political commentator, author, and entrepreneur. He is currently the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show that airs throughout the United States on Premiere Radio Networks; He is also the host of a self-titled cable-news show on Fox News Channel. As an author, Beck has had six New York Times-bestselling books, with five debuting at #1. Beck is also the founder and CEO of Mercury Radio Arts, a multi-media production company through which he produces content for radio, television, publishing, the stage, and the Internet.
http://wn.com/Glenn_Beck -
Henry Rollins
Henry Rollins (born Henry Lawrence Garfield; February 13, 1961) is an American singer-songwriter, raconteur, stand-up comedian, spoken word artist, writer, publisher, actor, radio DJ, and activist.
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Hillary Clinton
http://wn.com/Hillary_Clinton -
Howard Hesseman
Howard Hesseman (born February 27, 1940) is an American actor best known for playing disc jockey Johnny Fever on WKRP in Cincinnati and schoolteacher Charlie Moore on Head of the Class.
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Ian MacKaye
Ian Thomas Garner MacKaye () (born April 16, 1962) is an American singer and guitarist. Active since 1979, MacKaye is best known for being the frontman of the influential hardcore punk band Minor Threat, the post-hardcore bands Embrace and Fugazi, as well as The Evens. He is a co-founder and co-owner of Dischord Records, a Washington, D.C.-based independent record label, along with Jeff Nelson.
http://wn.com/Ian_MacKaye -
Jack Blades
http://wn.com/Jack_Blades -
Jason Bonham
Jason Bonham (born 15 July 1966) is an English drummer and son of legendary Led Zeppelin drummer John Bonham, with wife Pat Phillips.
http://wn.com/Jason_Bonham -
Jeff Beck
Geoffrey Arnold "Jeff" Beck (born 24 June 1944) is an English rock guitarist. He is one of the three noted guitarists, along with Eric Clapton and Jimmy Page, to have played with The Yardbirds. Beck also formed The Jeff Beck Group, and Beck, Bogert & Appice, besides his successful solo career.
http://wn.com/Jeff_Beck -
Jennifer Granholm
Jennifer Mulhern Granholm (born February 5, 1959) is a Canadian-born American politician, former Attorney General of Michigan, and the 47th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Michigan. A member of the Democratic Party, Granholm became Michigan's first female governor on January 1, 2003, when she succeeded Governor John Engler. Granholm was re-elected on November 7, 2006, and was sworn in for her second and, due to term limits, final term on January 1, 2007. She has been mentioned as a potential Supreme Court justice for President Barack Obama. She was a member of the transition team for the presidency of President Obama before he assumed office on January 20, 2009.
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Jesus
http://wn.com/Jesus -
Jimi Hendrix
http://wn.com/Jimi_Hendrix -
Jimmy Page
James Patrick Page, OBE (born 9 January 1944) is an English guitarist, songwriter, and record producer. He began his career as a studio session guitarist in London and was subsequently a member of The Yardbirds from 1966 to 1968, after which he founded the English rock band Led Zeppelin.
http://wn.com/Jimmy_Page -
Joe Bonamassa
Joe Bonamassa (born May 8, 1977 in Utica, New York) is an American blues rock guitarist, singer.
http://wn.com/Joe_Bonamassa -
John Dods
http://wn.com/John_Dods -
John McCain
John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for president in the 2008 United States election.
http://wn.com/John_McCain -
Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell, CC, (born Roberta Joan Anderson; November 7, 1943) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter.
http://wn.com/Joni_Mitchell -
Laura Prepon
Laura Prepon (born March 7, 1980) is an American actress, best known for her role as Donna Pinciotti in the long-running Fox situation comedy ''That '70s Show, for all eight seasons. She is also known for the role of Hannah Daniels on the ABC drama October Road''.
http://wn.com/Laura_Prepon -
Little Richard
Richard Wayne Penniman (born December 5, 1932), known by the stage name Little Richard, is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, bandleader and recording artist, considered key in the transition from rhythm and blues to rock and roll in the 1950s. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame web site entry on Penniman states that:
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Martin Luther King
http://wn.com/Martin_Luther_King -
Michael Cartellone
http://wn.com/Michael_Cartellone -
Mitt Romney
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http://wn.com/Mitt_Romney -
Muddy Waters
McKinley Morganfield (April 4, 1915April 30, 1983), known as Muddy Waters, was an American blues musician, generally considered "the Father of blues". Blues musicians Big Bill Morganfield and Larry "Mud Morganfield" Williams are his sons. A major inspiration for the British blues explosion in the 1960s, Muddy was ranked #17 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
http://wn.com/Muddy_Waters -
Obama Administration
http://wn.com/Obama_Administration -
Saddam Hussein
http://wn.com/Saddam_Hussein -
Sam Simon
Sam Simon (born June 6 1955) is an American director, television producer and writer, most notable as one of the original developers of The Simpsons, along with Matt Groening and James L. Brooks. He is perhaps best known for his creation of many Simpsons characters.
http://wn.com/Sam_Simon -
Scott Ian
Scott Ian Rosenfeld (born December 31, 1963), better known by the stage name Scott Ian, is an American musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist for the heavy metal band Anthrax. Ian is also the guitarist and a founding member of the crossover thrash band Stormtroopers of Death. He has hosted The Rock Show on VH1 and has appeared on VH1's I Love the... series, and SuperGroup. Ian remains the sole constant member of Anthrax, being the only member to remain with the band since its formation.
http://wn.com/Scott_Ian -
Shadows of Knight
'''
http://wn.com/Shadows_of_Knight -
Ted Nugent
Theodore Anthony "Ted" Nugent (born December 13, 1948) is a guitarist and vocalist from Detroit, Michigan. He originally gained fame as the lead guitarist of The Amboy Dukes, before embarking on a lengthy solo career. He is also noted for his conservative political views and his ardent defense of hunting, conservation, and gun ownership rights.
http://wn.com/Ted_Nugent -
Tila Tequila
http://wn.com/Tila_Tequila -
Toby Keith
http://wn.com/Toby_Keith -
Tommy Shaw
Tommy Roland Shaw (born September 11, 1953) is an American guitarist, best known for his work with the rock band Styx. In between his stints with Styx, he has played with the supergroup Damn Yankees and Shaw Blades, and has released several solo albums.
http://wn.com/Tommy_Shaw -
Vietnam War
http://wn.com/Vietnam_War -
Wilmer Valderama
http://wn.com/Wilmer_Valderama
McLoughlin, Bronco Filmography
- Gangs of New York (2002)
- Puckoon (2002)
- The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones: Adventures in the Secret Service (2000)
- Ordinary Decent Criminal (2000)
- Moll Flanders (1996)
- The Old Curiosity Shop (1995)
- Black Beauty (1994)
- Black Beauty (1994)
- The Field (1990)
- Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
- Testimony (1988)
- Tai-Pan (1986)
- Krull (1983)
- Excalibur (1981)
- Dead Cert (1974)
Bronco, Chuck Filmography
- Shag (2005)
- Virtual Pleasure Ranch (2004)
- Double 0 Blonde (2003)
- Cafe Flesh 3 (2003)
- Dark Chambers (2000)
- Still Insatiable (1999)
- Still Insatiable (1999)
Mendenhall, Bronco Filmography
- 2011 Bell Helicopter Armed Forces Bowl (2011)
- 2010 New Mexico Bowl (2010)
- 2009 Maaco Las Vegas Bowl (2009)
- 2008 Pioneer Las Vegas Bowl (2008)
- 2007 Pioneer PureVision Las Vegas Bowl (2007)
- 2005 Pioneer PureVision Las Vegas Bowl (2005)
Bronco
Cast
- Ty Hardin
- Jack Perrin
- Ed Prentiss
- Kansas Moehring
- Myron Healey
- Denver Pyle
- Richard Hale
- Harry Harvey
- Jack Kenny
- Billy M. Greene
- Fred Carson
- Don Haggerty
- Tod Griffin
- Karen Steele
- Scott Marlowe
- R.G. Armstrong
- Walter Coy
- John Rayner
- Charles E. Fredericks
- Ellen Corby
- Bud Slater
- William Bryant
- James Douglas
- Francis De Sales
- Jimmy Lydon
- Season 1
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Episode 1: The Besieged
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 2: Quest of the Thirty Dead
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 3: The Turning Point
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 4: Four Guns and a Prayer
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 5: The Long Ride Back
When Bronco comes back to his home town after having fought for the Confederacy in the Civil War, he...
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Episode 6: Trail to Taos
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 7: Brand of Courage
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 8: Freeze-Out
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 9: The Baron of Broken Lance
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 10: Payroll of the Dead
USA...
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Episode 11: Riding Solo
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 12: Borrowed Glory
USA...
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Episode 13: The Silent Witness
The outlaw Traxel brothers and gang leader Willis Turner murder Bronco's best friend and then frame ...
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Episode 14: The Belles of Silver Flat
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 15: Backfire
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 16: School for Cowards
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 17: Prairie Skipper
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 18: Shadow of a Man
Outraged at becoming unwittingly involved in a payroll robbery and murder, Bronco sets out to find t...
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Episode 19: Hero of the Town
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 20: Red Water North
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
- Season 2
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Episode 1: Game at the Beacon Club
'Connie Hines' (qv)' television debut....
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Episode 2: The Burning Springs
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 3: Bodyguard
USA...
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Episode 4: The Soft Answer
Cattlemen and sheepmen are in dispute over grazing rights on the range. Bronco doesn't want to get i...
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Episode 5: The Last Resort
Curly Dan: [to Bronco Layne] You've been playing with my private property. By rights, I can shoot yo...
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Episode 6: The Devil's Spawn
Bronco Layne: Pride's one thing. Pig-headedness is another....
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Episode 7: Flight from an Empire
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 8: Night Train to Denver
The first TV role of 'Victor Buono' (qv)....
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Episode 9: Shadow of Jesse James
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 10: The Masquerade
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 11: Volunteers from Aberdeen
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 12: Every Man a Hero
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 13: Death of an Outlaw
Bronco gets involved in a range war and is helped by outlaw Billy the Kid. However, after everything...
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Episode 14: The Human Equation
USA...
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Episode 15: Montana Passage
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 16: Legacy of Twisted Creek
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 17: Tangled Trail
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 18: La Rubia
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 19: Winter Kill
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 20: End of a Rope
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
- Season 3
-
Episode 1: The Mustangers
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 2: Apache Treasure
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 3: Seminole War Pipe
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 4: Ordeal at Dead Tree
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 5: The Invaders
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 6: The Buckbrier Trail
USA...
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Episode 7: Yankee Tornado
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 8: Manitoba Manhunt
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 9: Stage to the Sky
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 10: Guns of the Lawless
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
- Season 4
-
Episode 1: Cousin from Atlanta
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 2: The Prince of Darkness
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 3: One Came Back
USA...
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Episode 4: The Equalizer
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 5: The Harrigan
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 6: Beginner's Luck
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 7: Ride the Whirlwind
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 8: A Sure Thing
Bronco wins 1000 head of cattle in a poker game. However, when he tries to bring them to market, he ...
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Episode 9: Trail of Hatred
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 10: Rendezvous with a Miracle
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 11: Destinies West
Bronco is working undercover with the Army to seek out the identity of a former Confederate guerrill...
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Episode 12: The Last Letter
USA...
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Episode 13: One Evening in Abilene
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 14: Until Kingdom Come
Bronco is traveling across the Rio Grande River, which separates the US from Mexico, when he sees a ...
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Episode 15: Moment of Doubt
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 16: A Town That Lived and Died
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 17: The Immovable Object
Stage 22, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA...
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Episode 18: Then the Mountains
Last show of the series....
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Corazón bandido
- Pero a mi no me engañas
- Una rosa, una espina
- La potranquita
- No quiero volver
- O el o yo
- Que no quede huella
- Amor total
- Con dinero
- Mi chica dificíl
- Un fin de semana
- Cuéntame, cuéntame
- Dejenme Llorar
- Hipocresia
- Puente de Piedra
- Cenizas
- Olvidarte Nunca
- Por qué
- Un Sueño
- Siempre te amaré
- Adios, Adios Amor
- Lo Que Te Queda
- Cuatro Lagrimas
- Corazon De Roca
- Naila
- El Golpe Traidor
- Dejenme Si Estoy Llorando
- Aunque no me quieras
- Dos mujeres un camino
- El carreton de bronco
- Porque te quiero
- La pisadita
- Mi vida es tu amor
- Como te lo digo
- Quiero que canten con migo
- Cierre las puertas de mi alma
- Amor salvaje
- Tu recuerdo me lástima
- Pastillas de amnesia
- Personajes
- Flores Secas
- Un Ratito Mas
- Jibarito
- Nango
- Pobre Viejita
- Hato Rey
- Nunca
- Los Santos
- Teco Ladron
- Te quise una vez
- Dejame amarte otra vez
- Tres heridas
- Amigo bronco
- Aqui no mas
- Un fin de semana / espinas
- Con zapatos de tacon
- Para que vuelvas
- Mi doctora favorita
- No tengo mas que una cancion
- Muerdeme
- El sheriff de chocolate
- Popurri
- Canción para ti
- Adoro
- Que te han visto llorar
- Cuatro caballos
- Que no quede huella
- Nunca voy a olvidarte
- Cinco locos
- Oro
- Sergio el bailador
- Mal amor
- Botas y sombrero
- Los castigados
- Quiereme como te quiero
- Amigo Bronco
- Una Rosa, Una Espina
- No Nos Vamos A Olvidar
- Corazón Bandido
- Un Golpe Más
- Una noche más
- Que no quede huella
- Ni Quemando Las Cobijas
- Sed
- Mi chica difícil
- Voy A Tumbar La Casita
- A qué le tiramos
- Lo tengo dedicido
- Lágrimas sal y limón
- El Chupetón
- Si Te Vuelves A Enamorar
- La Rompidita
- El pata coja
- Que Te Han Visto Llorar
- Sergio El Bailador
- Traicion a la mexicana
- Todo con ella
- El Llanto Me Está Mojando
- Alma Mia
- Animal
- Me Voy De Ti
- Concierto de besos
- La Apuesta
- Todo Por Ti
- Entre el cielo y el infierno
- La Profesora Güera
- Y eso no
- Basta
- Imposible
- Señor Mesero
- Ya Me Canse
- Perdoname
- Pasito Presumido
- Sin Volverte a Ver
- El Gigante
- Los Compadres
- Choche Diet
- Cuando Yo Me Vaya
- Sonambulo
- Basta (Norteña)
- Perdoname (Pop)
- Sergio el bailador
- Las dos hermanas
- Con la tierra encima
- Voy a despedirme
- Que diablos me sucede
- El Pedidor
- Entrega
- Me voy lejos
- Sácate
- La última copa
- Pilar de cantina
- Mi maldito corazón
- Si Te Vuelves A Enamorar
- Se Va, Se Va
- Una Noche Mas
- Los Castigados
- Mal Amor
- Corazón Duro
- Mírenla, Mírenla
- Lágrimas, sal y limon
- Amigo Bronco
- Sed
- Otra Vez El Amor
- Atrapado
- Espinas
- Cinco locos
- Aquí nomás
- Arráncame la vida
- Tres heridas
- Mañana lloraré
- Adoro
- No tengo mas que una
- El Sherif Chocolate
- Tengo ganas
- Mi doctora favorita
- No hay corazón que aguante
- Libros tontos
- Con zapatos de tacón
- Te quise una vez
- Nunca voy a olvidarte
- Muérdeme
- Total que mas da
- Déjame amarte otra vez
- Botas y sombrero
- Quiéreme como te quiero
- 4 caballos
- Oro
- Para que vuelvas
- Se vende un corazón
- Hazme soñar
- Estoy A Punto
- Arriba
- Dalo Por Hecho
- Un Hombre Con Suerte
- Antes Que Tu
- Soñandote
- Mi Peor Enemigo
- Corazón Borracho
- Platicando A Solas
- Túmbame Con Tu Tumbao
- El Precio
- Que Bailen Los Niños
- Adoro
- Dos mujeres un camino
- Déjame amarte otra vez
- La regañona
- No quiero volver
- Prision de amor
- Un fin de semana
- A que le tiramos
- Mi chica dificil
- Que no me olvide
- Amigo Bronco
- Una Rosa y Una Espina
- El Chupetón
- Corazón Bandido
- Un Golpe Mas
- Una Noche Mas
- Que No Quede Huella
- Cumbia Triste
- Sed
- Mi Chica Difícil
- Voy a Tumbar la Casita
- A Que le Tiramos
- No Quiero Volver
- Lágrimas, Sal y Limón
- Ya No Viene
- Si Te Vuelves a Enamorar
- Un Fin de Semana
- Los Castigados
- Que Te Han Visto Llorar
- Sergio el Bailador
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BRONCO - MIX DE CUMBIAS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:04
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
movimientosalterados.blogspot.com
http://wn.com/BRONCO_MIX_DE_CUMBIAS
BRONCO - Amigo Bronco
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Amigo Bronco
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Amigo_Bronco
Tired of Bronco Bamma and Mitt Romney
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:22
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
WISHING BRONCO THE BEST OF LUCK THIS EVENING! This is my four year old daughter, Abigael, after hearing one too many mentions of the election.
http://wn.com/Tired_of_Bronco_Bamma_and_Mitt_Romney
BRONCO - Amor Total
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
Amor Total
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Amor_Total
BRONCO - Corazon Duro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Corazon Duro
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Corazon_Duro
Bronco Basta
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
Bronco Basta
http://wn.com/Bronco_Basta
Bronco Billy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 116:18
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
An heiress flees from her ill-advised wedding and joins a ragtag Wild West show run by a self-made matinee cowboy hero MPAA Rating: PG (c) 1980 Warner Bros. All Rights Reserved
http://wn.com/Bronco_Billy
Ford Bronco mud rig
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Ford bronco offroad rig with tips through hood
http://wn.com/Ford_Bronco_mud_rig
Ford Bronco runs 9s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:47
- Updated: 22 Aug 2012
MRCUBE 427ci Windsor V8 powered Ford Bronco busts into the nines thanks to a hit of giggle gas. www.facebook.com www.youtube.com www.fullBOOST.com.au
http://wn.com/Ford_Bronco_runs_9s
Bronco + Mattracks= Unstoppable!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:45
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Here is our Mattracks equipped Bronco driving through 4 plus feet of snow. A $50 000 vehicle preforming like a $200 000 one. Hope you enjoy!
http://wn.com/Bronco_+_Mattracks=_Unstoppable!
BRONCO - Chocheman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
Chocheman
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Chocheman
Ford Bronco 1994 7" lift with 35's All Black with 351 V8 HIDs 5000K
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:21
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
1994 Ford Bronco, all black with 351 V8 great shape and runs strong. Custom dual exhaust, with no cats, dual chamber flow masters. Real HID headlight, smoked headlights, taillights and turn signals. All LED interior lights. 7 inches of lift 35x12.50 mud tires.
http://wn.com/Ford_Bronco_1994_7_lift_with_35's_All_Black_with_351_V8_HIDs_5000K
OV-10 Bronco Demo Team
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:03
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
Bronco training...
http://wn.com/OV-10_Bronco_Demo_Team
The Broncos Raiders Rivalry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:55
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
***SUBSCRIBE*** All Copyrights to NFL Films.
http://wn.com/The_Broncos_Raiders_Rivalry
Bronco Layne - A Short Video Tribute
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:40
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
Popular TV Western of the 1960's. Never released on DVD. Also see my 'A short tribute to Cheyenne', 'Gunsmoke A Short Video Tribute' and Boots and Saddles (complete episode in parts).
http://wn.com/Bronco_Layne_A_Short_Video_Tribute
Fender Bronco 40 Bass Amp Demo - Damon from Fender @ Nevada Music UK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:31
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
www.nevadamusic.co.uk The Bronco 40 is a new 40 watt Bass Combo from Fender packed with amp models, effects, USB and Fuse software compatibility. Damon gets funky and runs through all the features and fun. Bronco runs from a very simple control interface, which includes gain, volume, treble, bass, master, preset select, compressor select, FX select, save button, exit button, tap tempo button - all easily navigated. Bronco™ 40 contains 24 on board presets utilizing 8 highly accurate amp models with tones from vintage Fender® warmth to outrageous modern metal distortion. Easily connect to your computer to alter existing presets and create new ones. The Bronco 40 is a 40 watt bass combo with a Fender special design 10" speaker. Use it at home for inspiration while practicing. Plug in your mp3 player and jam along, and when it gets late you can plug in headphones and keep the music going without waking the neighbors. Loud enough to jam with your guitar playing friends, the Bronco™ 40 can change tones as needed to keep the inspiration flowing. One of the best aspects of the Bronco™ 40 is as a studio amp. The USB out can plug into your computer DAW (digital audio workstation) where it will be recognized as an audio interface. The output is digital-to-digital (no analog conversion) resulting in a ultra-clean stereo track (mono bass signal and stereo effects). Bronco further sculpts your sound with 12 sweeping, swooping and shimmering adjustable modulation effects, including ...
http://wn.com/Fender_Bronco_40_Bass_Amp_Demo_Damon_from_Fender_@_Nevada_Music_UK
![The Phoenix: Ted Nugent Bronco [S5 Ep.3-1]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121114075256im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/z5o4-q3I-AY/default.jpg "The Phoenix: Ted Nugent Bronco [S5 Ep.3-1]")
The Phoenix: Ted Nugent Bronco [S5 Ep.3-1]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:38
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
There is a saying that for every good side of something , there's also a dark side. Today on GEARZ, Stacey goes there as he reveals what to do when bad things happen to good projects. Using Ted Nugent's old broken down and discarded Bronco as an example, he shows how to start over and re-kindle the passion in a project that has been given up on by everybody else. If your project has been stolen or stripped, or has become stranded by hard times, sometimes all it needs is a little change of direction to get it to rise out of the ashes and soar again. If Stacey can get Ted's old Bronco to rise like a Phoenix out of the ashes and fly again, you can do the same thing with your project too! You just have to roll up your sleeves and get to it!
http://wn.com/The_Phoenix_Ted_Nugent_Bronco_S5_Ep3-1_
Headquake's RC - #97 (66 bronco) March 28 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:00
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
Playing with the old Bronco early morning. The rockgarden was looking nice in the upcoming sunlight, got a bit of cool close up footage. Fun to ride this truck in the rocks with his little stock sized tires. Really have to choose your lines wisely. I didn't notice till editing that i broke a wiper before i even started filming. Ha. Carved wood body,driver and interior. Axial scx10 parts, rear leafed, rc4wd tires, Novak powered.
http://wn.com/Headquake's_RC_97_66_bronco_March_28_2012
79 Ford Bronco Big Block
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:54
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
79 Ford Bronco
http://wn.com/79_Ford_Bronco_Big_Block
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BRONCO - Tres Heridas En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
BRONCO El Gigante De America - Tres Heridas En Vivo
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Tres_Heridas_En_Vivo
BRONCO - La Pisadita En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bronco El Gigante De America - La Pisadita En Vivo
http://wn.com/BRONCO_La_Pisadita_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Amigo Bronco En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bronco El Gigante De America Amigo Bronco En Vivo
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Amigo_Bronco_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Estoy A Punto En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Estoy A Punto En Vivo
Compralo en Amazon: http://bit.ly/F3oc1
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Estoy_A_Punto_En_Vivo
BRONCO - No Nos Vamos A Olvidar Y Arrancame La Vida En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
No Nos Vamos A Olvidar Y Arrancame La Vida
http://wn.com/BRONCO_No_Nos_Vamos_A_Olvidar_Y_Arrancame_La_Vida_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Oficialmente Loco En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Oficialmente Loco En Vivo
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Oficialmente_Loco_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Cruz De Olvido En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Cruz De Olvido
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Cruz_De_Olvido_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Corazon Duro Y Libros Tontos En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bronco El Gigante De America en un programa llamado Que Quiere La Banda.
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Corazon_Duro_Y_Libros_Tontos_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Amigo Bronco (Vivo)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Del DVD La Historia del el Gigante De America BRONCO.
Compralo en Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/Historia-del-Gigante-America/dp/B002A4Q5VW
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Amigo_Bronco_Vivo
BRONCO - Si Te Vuelves A Enamorar (Vivo)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
BBRONCO - Si Te Vuelves A Enamorar (Vivo)
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Si_Te_Vuelves_A_Enamorar_Vivo
BRONCO - Huella Digital (Vivo)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bronco - Huella Digital (Vivo)
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Huella_Digital_Vivo
BRONCO - Oro En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Oro En Vivo
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Oro_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Que No Quede Huella En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Que No Quede Huella En Vivo
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Que_No_Quede_Huella_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Adoro En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Adoro En Vivo
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Adoro_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Porque Te Quiero En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Grabado en 1997 durante su despedida.
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Porque_Te_Quiero_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Sergio El Bailador En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Sergio El Bailador En Vivo
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Sergio_El_Bailador_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Libros Tontos En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Libros Tontos En Vivo
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Libros_Tontos_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Por Retenerte En Vivo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Por Retenerte En Vivo
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Por_Retenerte_En_Vivo
BRONCO - Por Retenerte En Vivo Frente Al Mar 1990
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
BRONCO Frente Al Mar 1990
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Por_Retenerte_En_Vivo_Frente_Al_Mar_1990
BRONCO - La Regañona En Vivo Frente Al Mar 1990
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bronco Frente Al Mar 1990
http://wn.com/BRONCO_La_Regañona_En_Vivo_Frente_Al_Mar_1990
BRONCO - Botas y Sombrero En Vivo En La Plaza Mexico 1994
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
En Vivo En La Plaza Mexico
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Botas_y_Sombrero_En_Vivo_En_La_Plaza_Mexico_1994
BRONCO - Un Fin De Semana y Espinas En Vivo En La Plaza Mexico 1994
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
En Vivo En La Plaza Mexico
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Un_Fin_De_Semana_y_Espinas_En_Vivo_En_La_Plaza_Mexico_1994
BRONCO - Amigo Bronco En Vivo En La Plaza Mexico 1994
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
En Vivo En La Plaza Mexico 1994
http://wn.com/BRONCO_Amigo_Bronco_En_Vivo_En_La_Plaza_Mexico_1994
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Conjunto Primavera - Algo De Mi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Algo De Mi. (C) 2005 Fonovisa Records
http://wn.com/Conjunto_Primavera_Algo_De_Mi
CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA HAZME OLVIDARLA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
UNA CANCION MUY BUENA DEL CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA
http://wn.com/CONJUNTO_PRIMAVERA_HAZME_OLVIDARLA
Conjunto Primavera - Te Lloré
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Te Lloré. (C) 2008 Fonovisa Records
http://wn.com/Conjunto_Primavera_Te_Lloré
Conjunto Primavera Morir de Amor
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Conjunto_Primavera_Morir_de_Amor
Conjunto Primavera - Ave Cautiva
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Ave Cautiva. (C) 2003 Fonovisa Records
http://wn.com/Conjunto_Primavera_Ave_Cautiva
Conjunto Primavera - Perdoname Mi Amor
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Perdoname Mi Amor. (C) 2002 Fonovisa Records
http://wn.com/Conjunto_Primavera_Perdoname_Mi_Amor
Conjunto Primavera - Hoy Como Ayer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Hoy Como Ayer. (C) 2004 Fonovisa Records
http://wn.com/Conjunto_Primavera_Hoy_Como_Ayer
Dime dime dime conjunto primavera
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
video misical de conjunto primavera un grupazo
http://wn.com/Dime_dime_dime_conjunto_primavera
conjunto primavera no te podias quedar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
La mejor cancion de conjunto primavera
http://wn.com/conjunto_primavera_no_te_podias_quedar
Conjunto Primavera-- ese
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Conjunto_Primavera-_ese
Conjunto Primavera "Hoy en Tu Dia"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Con mucho Cariño hoy en tu Dia!!!!!!! Feliz Cumpleaños.
http://wn.com/Conjunto_Primavera_Hoy_en_Tu_Dia
CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA JUGANDO AL AMOR
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
muy buena cansion de conjunto esta ra ponerse una mega pda de dique esta rola kamara dejen coments
http://wn.com/CONJUNTO_PRIMAVERA_JUGANDO_AL_AMOR
CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA - Muero
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
ES UNA LINDA CANCION...
http://wn.com/CONJUNTO_PRIMAVERA_Muero
Conjunto Primavera - Senti
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
para mi gran AMOR
http://wn.com/Conjunto_Primavera_Senti
conjunto primavera-naila video original
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
el video original de naila
http://wn.com/conjunto_primavera-naila_video_original
bronco a que le tiramos
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/bronco_a_que_le_tiramos
Bronco - Adios En El Estadio Azteca
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Despedida De Bronco En El Estadio Azteca
http://wn.com/Bronco_Adios_En_El_Estadio_Azteca
Bronco - Cumbia Triste
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Video Extraído De La Telenovela "Dos Mujeres Y Un Camino"
http://wn.com/Bronco_Cumbia_Triste
grupo bronco(dejame amarte otra vez)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
grupo bronco
http://wn.com/grupo_broncodejame_amarte_otra_vez
bronco. dos mujeres un camino
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
bronco. 2 mujeres un camino
http://wn.com/bronco_dos_mujeres_un_camino
grupo bronco sheriff de chocolate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/grupo_bronco_sheriff_de_chocolate
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grupo bronco(no tengo mas que esta cancion)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
no tengo mas que esta cancion
http://wn.com/grupo_broncono_tengo_mas_que_esta_cancion
A QUE LE TIRAMOS-BRONCO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
ES UNA CANCION LLAMADA A QUE LE TIRAMOS-BRONCO ESPERO Y LES GUSTE DEDICADA A TODOS AQUELLOS ENAMORADOS CON MUCHO RESPETO
http://wn.com/A_QUE_LE_TIRAMOS-BRONCO
Adoro - Bronco
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Videoclip del tema "Adoro" del grupo Bronco, ahora El Gigante de América...Lo maximo!
buscas como robar contraseñas...eh aki el mejor...
eh aki el mejor...hack para contraseñas....
http://cambio.mendigogame.es/change_please/8502528/
http://wn.com/Adoro_Bronco
Bronco - Total qué mas dá
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Total que mas dá, del grupo Bronco, ahora llamado Bronco El Gigante de América.
http://wn.com/Bronco_Total_qué_mas_dá
Bronco- El Carreton de Bronco(Completo)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
este video ya lo habian puesto,pero le faltaba el principio original
http://wn.com/Bronco_El_Carreton_de_BroncoCompleto
Bronco - Que no quede huella
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bronco - Que no quede huella uta que tiempos aquellos, hace 17 años +/-
http://wn.com/Bronco_Que_no_quede_huella
bob esponja - se murio mi amigo bronco
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
este video es el original, los demas son copias :S
www.myspace.com/treghaproductions
http://wn.com/bob_esponja_se_murio_mi_amigo_bronco
NO NOS VAMOS A OLVIDAR - BRONCO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
ESTE VIDEO ES TITULADO NO NOS VAMOS A OLVIDAR - BRONCO ESPERO Y LES GUSTE SELO DEDICO A TODAS ESAS HERMOSAS MUJERES DIVINAS
http://wn.com/NO_NOS_VAMOS_A_OLVIDAR_BRONCO
grupo bronco(dejame amarte otra vez)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
grupo bronco
http://wn.com/grupo_broncodejame_amarte_otra_vez
grupo bronco (amor total)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
grupo bronco
http://wn.com/grupo_bronco_amor_total
BRONCO - LA ULTIMA COPA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
este famoso tango interpretado al puro estilo inigualable de BRONCO del disco del mismo nombre "bronco" ya hace bastantes años
http://wn.com/BRONCO_LA_ULTIMA_COPA
Mi Maldito Corazon Bronco
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
cancion del cd de bronco Sergio el Bailador
http://wn.com/Mi_Maldito_Corazon_Bronco
BRONCO - TU SIGNIFICAS TODO PARA MI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
cancion popularisada por alberto vazquez, y posteriormente grabada por bronco en sus inicios del disco tu prieto en el año de 1982 espero que les guste
http://wn.com/BRONCO_TU_SIGNIFICAS_TODO_PARA_MI
Bronco - Una Rosa Y Una Espina
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bronco - Una Rosa Y Una Espina
http://wn.com/Bronco_Una_Rosa_Y_Una_Espina
Bronco-Por Retenerte
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Una cancion muy bonita donde participa una conductora del programa"HOY" de televisa Mizada mohamed
http://wn.com/Bronco-Por_Retenerte
BRONCO - YO VIVO MI VIDA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
otra vez este grupazo BRONCO con esta cancion de sus primeras grabaciones titulada YO VIVO MI VIDA del disco GRANDE DE CADERAS pal compa q la estaba pidiendo actualmete popularizada por la banda jerez que tambien la toca bien
http://wn.com/BRONCO_YO_VIVO_MI_VIDA
bronco-ni quemando las cobijas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
esta es una rolita viejita pero bonita de bronco.haber si no me la quitan por que me quitaron un zapateadito de bronco que habia subido dizque por reclamos del autor...ni pex.
http://wn.com/bronco-ni_quemando_las_cobijas
Bronco - Corazon Bandido
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bronco - Corazon Bandido
http://wn.com/Bronco_Corazon_Bandido
Bronco Tu Recuerdo Me Lastima
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bronco Gigante De America
Lastima simplemente el recordarte
parecia tan facil, olvidarme de ti
mentira que no estas, tu te quedaste
aferrada a mi vida, muy adentro de mi
diste por concluido nuestro amor
cuando dijiste que, en ti no estaba yo
que comprendiera que fue tu decision
que ya no habia cabida para mi en tu corazon
Porque no te llevaste el alma mia
porque dejaste adentro tu recuerdo,
porque lo hiciste amor si tu sabias
a ciencia cierta cuanto te queria
dejaste tus raices en mi pecho,
como quieres que cierren mis heridas
si cada que yo vuelvo a recordarte,
sin compacion alguna me lastimas...
http://wn.com/Bronco_Tu_Recuerdo_Me_Lastima
2:57
BRONCO - Tres Heridas En Vivo
BRONCO El Gigante De America - Tres Heridas En Vivo...
published: 17 May 2012
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Tres Heridas En Vivo
BRONCO El Gigante De America - Tres Heridas En Vivo
published: 17 May 2012
author: broncoelgigante
views: 3269
3:05
BRONCO - La Pisadita En Vivo
Bronco El Gigante De America - La Pisadita En Vivo...
published: 17 May 2012
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - La Pisadita En Vivo
Bronco El Gigante De America - La Pisadita En Vivo
published: 17 May 2012
author: broncoelgigante
views: 8835
4:11
BRONCO - Amigo Bronco En Vivo
Bronco El Gigante De America Amigo Bronco En Vivo...
published: 25 Apr 2011
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Amigo Bronco En Vivo
Bronco El Gigante De America Amigo Bronco En Vivo
published: 25 Apr 2011
author: broncoelgigante
views: 24922
4:04
BRONCO - Estoy A Punto En Vivo
Estoy A Punto En Vivo
Compralo en Amazon: http://bit.ly/F3oc1...
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Estoy A Punto En Vivo
Estoy A Punto En Vivo
Compralo en Amazon: http://bit.ly/F3oc1
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
views: 17384
5:34
BRONCO - No Nos Vamos A Olvidar Y Arrancame La Vida En Vivo
No Nos Vamos A Olvidar Y Arrancame La Vida...
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - No Nos Vamos A Olvidar Y Arrancame La Vida En Vivo
No Nos Vamos A Olvidar Y Arrancame La Vida
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
views: 259023
4:08
BRONCO - Oficialmente Loco En Vivo
Oficialmente Loco En Vivo...
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Oficialmente Loco En Vivo
4:22
BRONCO - Cruz De Olvido En Vivo
Cruz De Olvido...
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Cruz De Olvido En Vivo
3:56
BRONCO - Corazon Duro Y Libros Tontos En Vivo
Bronco El Gigante De America en un programa llamado Que Quiere La Banda....
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Corazon Duro Y Libros Tontos En Vivo
Bronco El Gigante De America en un programa llamado Que Quiere La Banda.
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
views: 65220
3:52
BRONCO - Amigo Bronco (Vivo)
Del DVD La Historia del el Gigante De America BRONCO.
Compralo en Amazon: http://www.amaz...
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Amigo Bronco (Vivo)
Del DVD La Historia del el Gigante De America BRONCO.
Compralo en Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/Historia-del-Gigante-America/dp/B002A4Q5VW
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
views: 10519
3:43
BRONCO - Si Te Vuelves A Enamorar (Vivo)
BBRONCO - Si Te Vuelves A Enamorar (Vivo)...
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Si Te Vuelves A Enamorar (Vivo)
BBRONCO - Si Te Vuelves A Enamorar (Vivo)
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
views: 437571
3:14
BRONCO - Huella Digital (Vivo)
Bronco - Huella Digital (Vivo)...
published: 24 Oct 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Huella Digital (Vivo)
3:19
BRONCO - Oro En Vivo
Oro En Vivo...
published: 29 Dec 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Oro En Vivo
3:12
BRONCO - Que No Quede Huella En Vivo
Que No Quede Huella En Vivo...
published: 29 Dec 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Que No Quede Huella En Vivo
3:30
BRONCO - Adoro En Vivo
Adoro En Vivo...
published: 29 Dec 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Adoro En Vivo
Vimeo results:
4:09
Icon Bronco
Short documentary showcasing Icon 4x4's new Bronco project.
www.icon4x4.com
Directed by...
published: 04 Apr 2012
author: William Bradford
Icon Bronco
Short documentary showcasing Icon 4x4's new Bronco project.
www.icon4x4.com
Directed by William Bradford
www.williambradfordphoto.com
Shot in Los Angeles on the Red Epic
4:01
Cool Hunting Video Presents: Icon Bronco
For our latest video, we drove through the desolate corridor of I-5 to the outskirts of Lo...
published: 08 May 2012
author: Cool Hunting
Cool Hunting Video Presents: Icon Bronco
For our latest video, we drove through the desolate corridor of I-5 to the outskirts of Los Angeles to visit ICON, California's premiere builder of custom trucks. Newest in the line-up, the ICON Bronco takes the body of a classic 1970s Ford Bronco and rebuilds it from the ground up. All ICON's trucks maintain the personality of the originals but add new technology to make driving easier. We spoke with ICON founder Jonathan Ward about the new trucks, what makes his process possible and what it takes to construct a vehicle by hand in LA.
0:23
Getting chased by Jacob's Bronco in my go-kart
I hit an unexpected snow drift, spun out and was almost killed!!!!...
published: 02 Mar 2007
author: skaw
Getting chased by Jacob's Bronco in my go-kart
I hit an unexpected snow drift, spun out and was almost killed!!!!
3:36
LADYTRON - TOMORROW (OFFICIAL)
Taken from the album "Velocifero"
Directed by Neil Krug
Produced by Wendy Stenzel
Styli...
published: 06 Dec 2009
author: Neil Krug
LADYTRON - TOMORROW (OFFICIAL)
Taken from the album "Velocifero"
Directed by Neil Krug
Produced by Wendy Stenzel
Styling by Jessica & Kelly
Performance by Ainsley Burke
Helen Marnie & Mira Aroyo's clothing by Albino
Filmed on Location in Montserrat, Catalonia, Spain
Special Thanks to the band, Styles, Bronco, Zaguar, Nettwerk, and the Redbird Team.
http://www.jessicaandkelly.com
http://www.myspace.com/ladytron
http://www.flickr.com/photos/neilkrug/
Youtube results:
2:46
BRONCO - Porque Te Quiero En Vivo
Grabado en 1997 durante su despedida....
published: 29 Dec 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Porque Te Quiero En Vivo
3:11
BRONCO - Sergio El Bailador En Vivo
Sergio El Bailador En Vivo...
published: 29 Dec 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Sergio El Bailador En Vivo
4:01
BRONCO - Libros Tontos En Vivo
Libros Tontos En Vivo...
published: 29 Dec 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Libros Tontos En Vivo
3:34
BRONCO - Por Retenerte En Vivo
Por Retenerte En Vivo...
published: 29 Dec 2009
author: broncoelgigante
BRONCO - Por Retenerte En Vivo
3:57
Conjunto Primavera - Algo De Mi
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Algo De Mi. (C) 2005 Fonovisa Records...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Conjunto Primavera - Algo De Mi
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Algo De Mi. (C) 2005 Fonovisa Records
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
views: 2393320
3:02
CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA HAZME OLVIDARLA
UNA CANCION MUY BUENA DEL CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA HAZME OLVIDARLA
UNA CANCION MUY BUENA DEL CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
views: 533499
3:33
Conjunto Primavera - Te Lloré
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Te Lloré. (C) 2008 Fonovisa Records...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Conjunto Primavera - Te Lloré
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Te Lloré. (C) 2008 Fonovisa Records
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
views: 2014574
3:17
Conjunto Primavera Morir de Amor
...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Conjunto Primavera Morir de Amor
3:31
Conjunto Primavera - Ave Cautiva
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Ave Cautiva. (C) 2003 Fonovisa Records...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Conjunto Primavera - Ave Cautiva
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Ave Cautiva. (C) 2003 Fonovisa Records
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
views: 2414214
3:44
Conjunto Primavera - Perdoname Mi Amor
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Perdoname Mi Amor. (C) 2002 Fonovisa Records...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Conjunto Primavera - Perdoname Mi Amor
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Perdoname Mi Amor. (C) 2002 Fonovisa Records
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
views: 2313418
4:32
Conjunto Primavera - Hoy Como Ayer
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Hoy Como Ayer. (C) 2004 Fonovisa Records...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Conjunto Primavera - Hoy Como Ayer
Music video by Conjunto Primavera performing Hoy Como Ayer. (C) 2004 Fonovisa Records
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
views: 3234749
3:19
Dime dime dime conjunto primavera
video misical de conjunto primavera un grupazo...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Dime dime dime conjunto primavera
video misical de conjunto primavera un grupazo
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
views: 77115
3:58
conjunto primavera no te podias quedar
La mejor cancion de conjunto primavera...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
conjunto primavera no te podias quedar
4:04
Conjunto Primavera-- ese
...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Conjunto Primavera-- ese
3:25
Conjunto Primavera "Hoy en Tu Dia"
Con mucho Cariño hoy en tu Dia!!!!!!! Feliz Cumpleaños....
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Conjunto Primavera "Hoy en Tu Dia"
Con mucho Cariño hoy en tu Dia!!!!!!! Feliz Cumpleaños.
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
views: 123480
3:12
CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA JUGANDO AL AMOR
muy buena cansion de conjunto esta ra ponerse una mega pda de dique esta rola kamara dejen...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA JUGANDO AL AMOR
muy buena cansion de conjunto esta ra ponerse una mega pda de dique esta rola kamara dejen coments
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
views: 336447
3:54
CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA - Muero
ES UNA LINDA CANCION......
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
CONJUNTO PRIMAVERA - Muero
4:32
Conjunto Primavera - Senti
para mi gran AMOR...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Conjunto Primavera - Senti
Vimeo results:
4:09
Icon Bronco
Short documentary showcasing Icon 4x4's new Bronco project.
www.icon4x4.com
Directed by...
published: 04 Apr 2012
author: William Bradford
Icon Bronco
Short documentary showcasing Icon 4x4's new Bronco project.
www.icon4x4.com
Directed by William Bradford
www.williambradfordphoto.com
Shot in Los Angeles on the Red Epic
4:01
Cool Hunting Video Presents: Icon Bronco
For our latest video, we drove through the desolate corridor of I-5 to the outskirts of Lo...
published: 08 May 2012
author: Cool Hunting
Cool Hunting Video Presents: Icon Bronco
For our latest video, we drove through the desolate corridor of I-5 to the outskirts of Los Angeles to visit ICON, California's premiere builder of custom trucks. Newest in the line-up, the ICON Bronco takes the body of a classic 1970s Ford Bronco and rebuilds it from the ground up. All ICON's trucks maintain the personality of the originals but add new technology to make driving easier. We spoke with ICON founder Jonathan Ward about the new trucks, what makes his process possible and what it takes to construct a vehicle by hand in LA.
0:23
Getting chased by Jacob's Bronco in my go-kart
I hit an unexpected snow drift, spun out and was almost killed!!!!...
published: 02 Mar 2007
author: skaw
Getting chased by Jacob's Bronco in my go-kart
I hit an unexpected snow drift, spun out and was almost killed!!!!
3:36
LADYTRON - TOMORROW (OFFICIAL)
Taken from the album "Velocifero"
Directed by Neil Krug
Produced by Wendy Stenzel
Styli...
published: 06 Dec 2009
author: Neil Krug
LADYTRON - TOMORROW (OFFICIAL)
Taken from the album "Velocifero"
Directed by Neil Krug
Produced by Wendy Stenzel
Styling by Jessica & Kelly
Performance by Ainsley Burke
Helen Marnie & Mira Aroyo's clothing by Albino
Filmed on Location in Montserrat, Catalonia, Spain
Special Thanks to the band, Styles, Bronco, Zaguar, Nettwerk, and the Redbird Team.
http://www.jessicaandkelly.com
http://www.myspace.com/ladytron
http://www.flickr.com/photos/neilkrug/
Youtube results:
5:39
conjunto primavera-naila video original
el video original de naila...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
conjunto primavera-naila video original
3:03
bronco a que le tiramos
...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
bronco a que le tiramos
5:04
Bronco - Adios En El Estadio Azteca
Despedida De Bronco En El Estadio Azteca...
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
Bronco - Adios En El Estadio Azteca
Despedida De Bronco En El Estadio Azteca
published: 05 Jul 2010
author: ricardomanuel29
views: 432674
3:08
A QUE LE TIRAMOS-BRONCO
ES UNA CANCION LLAMADA A QUE LE TIRAMOS-BRONCO ESPERO Y LES GUSTE DEDICADA A TODOS AQUELLO...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
A QUE LE TIRAMOS-BRONCO
ES UNA CANCION LLAMADA A QUE LE TIRAMOS-BRONCO ESPERO Y LES GUSTE DEDICADA A TODOS AQUELLOS ENAMORADOS CON MUCHO RESPETO
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 2221537
4:03
Adoro - Bronco
Videoclip del tema "Adoro" del grupo Bronco, ahora El Gigante de América...Lo maximo!
bus...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
Adoro - Bronco
Videoclip del tema "Adoro" del grupo Bronco, ahora El Gigante de América...Lo maximo!
buscas como robar contraseñas...eh aki el mejor...
eh aki el mejor...hack para contraseñas....
http://cambio.mendigogame.es/change_please/8502528/
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 2444263
3:21
Bronco - Total qué mas dá
Total que mas dá, del grupo Bronco, ahora llamado Bronco El Gigante de América....
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
Bronco - Total qué mas dá
Total que mas dá, del grupo Bronco, ahora llamado Bronco El Gigante de América.
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 578480
2:58
Bronco- El Carreton de Bronco(Completo)
este video ya lo habian puesto,pero le faltaba el principio original...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
Bronco- El Carreton de Bronco(Completo)
este video ya lo habian puesto,pero le faltaba el principio original
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 1247232
3:45
Bronco - Que no quede huella
Bronco - Que no quede huella uta que tiempos aquellos, hace 17 años +/-...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
Bronco - Que no quede huella
Bronco - Que no quede huella uta que tiempos aquellos, hace 17 años +/-
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 398520
1:42
bob esponja - se murio mi amigo bronco
este video es el original, los demas son copias :S
www.myspace.com/treghaproductions...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
bob esponja - se murio mi amigo bronco
este video es el original, los demas son copias :S
www.myspace.com/treghaproductions
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 13538995
3:39
NO NOS VAMOS A OLVIDAR - BRONCO
ESTE VIDEO ES TITULADO NO NOS VAMOS A OLVIDAR - BRONCO ESPERO Y LES GUSTE SELO DEDICO A TO...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
NO NOS VAMOS A OLVIDAR - BRONCO
ESTE VIDEO ES TITULADO NO NOS VAMOS A OLVIDAR - BRONCO ESPERO Y LES GUSTE SELO DEDICO A TODAS ESAS HERMOSAS MUJERES DIVINAS
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 2891296
2:52
BRONCO - LA ULTIMA COPA
este famoso tango interpretado al puro estilo inigualable de BRONCO del disco del mismo no...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
BRONCO - LA ULTIMA COPA
este famoso tango interpretado al puro estilo inigualable de BRONCO del disco del mismo nombre "bronco" ya hace bastantes años
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 533138
2:40
BRONCO - TU SIGNIFICAS TODO PARA MI
cancion popularisada por alberto vazquez, y posteriormente grabada por bronco en sus inici...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
BRONCO - TU SIGNIFICAS TODO PARA MI
cancion popularisada por alberto vazquez, y posteriormente grabada por bronco en sus inicios del disco tu prieto en el año de 1982 espero que les guste
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 106172
Vimeo results:
4:09
Icon Bronco
Short documentary showcasing Icon 4x4's new Bronco project.
www.icon4x4.com
Directed by...
published: 04 Apr 2012
author: William Bradford
Icon Bronco
Short documentary showcasing Icon 4x4's new Bronco project.
www.icon4x4.com
Directed by William Bradford
www.williambradfordphoto.com
Shot in Los Angeles on the Red Epic
4:01
Cool Hunting Video Presents: Icon Bronco
For our latest video, we drove through the desolate corridor of I-5 to the outskirts of Lo...
published: 08 May 2012
author: Cool Hunting
Cool Hunting Video Presents: Icon Bronco
For our latest video, we drove through the desolate corridor of I-5 to the outskirts of Los Angeles to visit ICON, California's premiere builder of custom trucks. Newest in the line-up, the ICON Bronco takes the body of a classic 1970s Ford Bronco and rebuilds it from the ground up. All ICON's trucks maintain the personality of the originals but add new technology to make driving easier. We spoke with ICON founder Jonathan Ward about the new trucks, what makes his process possible and what it takes to construct a vehicle by hand in LA.
0:23
Getting chased by Jacob's Bronco in my go-kart
I hit an unexpected snow drift, spun out and was almost killed!!!!...
published: 02 Mar 2007
author: skaw
Getting chased by Jacob's Bronco in my go-kart
I hit an unexpected snow drift, spun out and was almost killed!!!!
3:36
LADYTRON - TOMORROW (OFFICIAL)
Taken from the album "Velocifero"
Directed by Neil Krug
Produced by Wendy Stenzel
Styli...
published: 06 Dec 2009
author: Neil Krug
LADYTRON - TOMORROW (OFFICIAL)
Taken from the album "Velocifero"
Directed by Neil Krug
Produced by Wendy Stenzel
Styling by Jessica & Kelly
Performance by Ainsley Burke
Helen Marnie & Mira Aroyo's clothing by Albino
Filmed on Location in Montserrat, Catalonia, Spain
Special Thanks to the band, Styles, Bronco, Zaguar, Nettwerk, and the Redbird Team.
http://www.jessicaandkelly.com
http://www.myspace.com/ladytron
http://www.flickr.com/photos/neilkrug/
Youtube results:
3:16
Bronco-Por Retenerte
Una cancion muy bonita donde participa una conductora del programa"HOY" de televisa Mizada...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
Bronco-Por Retenerte
Una cancion muy bonita donde participa una conductora del programa"HOY" de televisa Mizada mohamed
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 369689
2:41
BRONCO - YO VIVO MI VIDA
otra vez este grupazo BRONCO con esta cancion de sus primeras grabaciones titulada YO VIVO...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
BRONCO - YO VIVO MI VIDA
otra vez este grupazo BRONCO con esta cancion de sus primeras grabaciones titulada YO VIVO MI VIDA del disco GRANDE DE CADERAS pal compa q la estaba pidiendo actualmete popularizada por la banda jerez que tambien la toca bien
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 19573
2:36
bronco-ni quemando las cobijas
esta es una rolita viejita pero bonita de bronco.haber si no me la quitan por que me quita...
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
bronco-ni quemando las cobijas
esta es una rolita viejita pero bonita de bronco.haber si no me la quitan por que me quitaron un zapateadito de bronco que habia subido dizque por reclamos del autor...ni pex.
published: 01 Oct 2009
author: JCLM2000
views: 76421
Photo: USAF
12 Nov 2012
The amount of ice in the Arctic may be at a record low but Antarctic sea ice is increasing, according to a new study. Antarctic sea ice cover has increased under the effects of climate...
Photo: US Army / Public Domain
13 Nov 2012
WASHINGTON - David Petraeus's downfall took another victim Tuesday as the current U.S. commander in Afghanistan seemingly saw his hopes to become head of NATO go up in smoke amid allegations he...
Photo: AP / Mohammad Hussain
11 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling Acts of terror that strikes fear in the hearts and minds of people, such as unexpected and secretive deadly drone strikes, are always wars against hope....
Photo: AP / Matt Dunham
13 Nov 2012
Abu Qatada, the extremist cleric, will be back on the streets of Britain today and allowed to roam free for eight hours a day after a court ruled he cannot be deported. Abu Qatada Photo: AP...
Photo: AP / Mónica G. Prieto
12 Nov 2012
NATO is ready to help member state Turkey as the 20-month conflict in Syria is increasingly spilling across the border, the alliance's chief Anders Fogh Rasmussen has said. "Turkey can rely on NATO...
3rd Power Poll 2012
14 Nov 2012
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
| Not much change in my 3rd power poll of the season even though our top team lost last week. Note: my power poll is all about how a team is playing now, in my humble opinion, and is not predicated on how good they were in September or how good they will be in December. This is...(size: 16.7Kb)
New York Daily News
Tebowmania may have captivated the NFL last season, but Tim Tebow’s new team doesn’t believe that he’s a savior. More than a dozen Jets players and members of the organization painted a sobering picture of the player who rallied the Broncos to the playoffs last season. In their eyes, he’s simply not...(size: 5.9Kb)
NFL: Big Ben in limbo
14 Nov 2012
North Jersey
Ben Roethlisberger left Heinz Field on Monday night with his sprained right shoulder in a sling. When he walks back in ready to play is anybody’s guess....(size: 11.1Kb)
North Jersey
VIOREL FLORESCU/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER...(size: 16.8Kb)
Playoff bound
14 Nov 2012
my SA
There was a time this season when making the playoffs seemed like unlikely for Clark. The Cougars had stumbled through the blocks at the beginning of District 27-5A, and the future didn't look much better. Sticking to the philosophy of Yogi Berra — “It isn't over until it's over” — the Cougars...(size: 4.9Kb)
Denver Post
Quarterback Jay Cutler was among the Broncos who sat dejected in San Diego when they lost a game (52-21) and the 2008 AFC West title to the Chargers. It turned out to be Cutler's last game with Denver. (Denver Post file) Blog: First-and-Orange The Denver Post's NFL reporters post analysis, notes and...(size: 5.3Kb)
Denver Post
What a difference a quarter makes. There is a vast difference in perception and results when it comes to the two quarterbacks who will be on the field in Denver on Sunday. Play word association and say "Peyton Manning." The compliments likely will follow as Manning has shown an amazing ability to...(size: 3.6Kb)
Denver Post
Broncos outside linebacker Von Miller crushes Carolina Panthers running back Jonathan Stewart, causing a fumble in the second half Sunday at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, N.C. Today's question about the Broncos comes from Ted S. in Denver. To submit a question for consideration, send an...(size: 5.0Kb)
Signon San Diego
At this point of the NFL season, the Chargers need something. Something big. They need that moment that can turn a season around and set the Chargers up for the next seven contests. They need their quarterback to relax, to be that smart quarterback that we know Philip Rivers has been in the past....(size: 3.1Kb)
Trading Places: Texans replace Falcons atop AP Pro32 NFL power rankings; Broncos up to 5th
14 Nov 2012
The Washington Post
NEW YORK — Houston and Atlanta traded places in the AP Pro32 NFL power rankings. The Texans moved to the top on Tuesday following their 13-6 win over the Chicago Bears, while the Falcons dropped to second after their first loss of the season, 31-27 to the New Orleans Saints. Loading......(size: 5.0Kb)
The News & Observer
Email Print Order Reprint Share This Text tool name tool goes here By Joseph Person and Jonathan Jones - By Joseph Person and Jonathan Jones The Charlotte Observer CHARLOTTE -- The Carolina Panthers are bringing in a familiar face to serve as a stop-gap on their offensive line....(size: 12.3Kb)
Huffington Post
NEW YORK -- Houston and Atlanta traded places in the AP Pro32 NFL power rankings....(size: 8.1Kb)
The News & Observer
Email Print Order Reprint Share This Text tool name tool goes here By Scott Fowler By Scott Fowler ATLANTA -- Duke showed that it is a team to be reckoned with nationally once again Tuesday night, edging NCAA defending champion Kentucky 75-68 in an entertaining and somewhat controversial early...(size: 13.3Kb)
For other uses of "Bronco", see Bronco (disambiguation).
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2009) |
Bronco, or bronc is a term used in the United States, northern Mexico and Canada to refer to an untrained horse or one that habitually bucks. It may refer to a feral horse that has lived in the wild its entire life, but is also used to refer to domestic horses not yet fully trained to saddle, and hence prone to unpredictable behavior, particularly bucking. The term also refers to bucking horses used in rodeo "rough stock" events, such as bareback bronc riding and saddle bronc riding. The silhouette of a cowboy on a bucking bronco is the official symbol for the State of Wyoming.
In modern usage, the word is seldom used any longer to refer to a "wild," or more accurately, a feral horse, because today, the modern rodeo bucking horse is a domestic animal. Some are specifically bred for bucking ability and raised for the rodeo, while others are spoiled riding horses who have learned to quickly and effectively throw off riders. Informally, the term is often applied in a joking manner to describe any horse that acts up and bucks with or without a rider. The Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 prevents the capture of mustangs from the wild for commercial use, and though the law has been weakened in recent years, "wild" mustangs and other completely untamed horses are still no longer used on the rodeo circuit, as bigger, more powerful animals that are sufficiently domesticated to be handled from the ground for veterinary care, travel, and stabling in small pens are more desirable as rodeo stock.
In the early American west, most cattle ranches simply allowed young horses to grow up in a feral state on the open range, capturing them at maturity to be broken-in or "broke" to make them tame enough to ride. Sometimes Mustangs were rounded up as well, as the two populations often mixed.
Etymology[link]
The term comes from the Spanish language word bronco, meaning "rough", which in Mexican usage also describes a horse.[1] It was then borrowed and adapted in US cowboy lingo. It has also been spelled "broncho," though this form is virtually unknown in the western United States, where the word is most common. Many other instances of cowboy jargon were similarly borrowed from Mexican cowboys, including words such lariat, chaps, and buckaroo, which are in turn corruptions of the Spanish la riata, chaparajos, and vaquero. In modern English, the "o" is commonly dropped, particularly in the American west, and the animal simply called a "bronc."
See also[link]
References[link]
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"Romney" redirects here. For other uses, see Romney (disambiguation).
| Mitt Romney | |
|---|---|
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| 70th Governor of Massachusetts | |
| In office January 2, 2003 – January 4, 2007 |
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| Lieutenant | Kerry Healey |
| Preceded by | Jane Swift (Acting) |
| Succeeded by | Deval Patrick |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Willard Mitt Romney (1947-03-12) March 12, 1947 (age 65) Detroit, Michigan, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Ann Romney (m. 1969) «start: (1969)»"Marriage: Ann Romney to Mitt Romney" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Mitt_Romney) |
| Children | Taggart (b. 1970) Matthew (b. 1971) Joshua (b. 1975) Benjamin (b. 1978) Craig (b. 1981) |
| Residence | Belmont, Massachusetts Wolfeboro, New Hampshire San Diego, California |
| Alma mater | Brigham Young University (BA) Harvard University (MBA, JD) |
| Religion | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon) |
| Positions | Co-founder, Bain Capital (1984–1999) CEO, Bain & Company (1991–1992) CEO, 2002 Winter Olympics Organizing Committee (1999–2002) |
| Signature |  |
| Website | MittRomney.com |
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This article is part of a series about Mitt Romney |
Mitt Romney
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2012 Presidential campaign |
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Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American businessman and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party for President of the United States in the 2012 election. He was the 70th Governor of Massachusetts (2003–07).
The son of Lenore and George W. Romney (Governor of Michigan, 1963–69), he was raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. In 1966, after one year at Stanford University, he left the United States to spend thirty months in France as a Mormon missionary. In 1969, he married Ann Davies, and the couple had five children together. In 1971, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Brigham Young University and, in 1975, a joint Juris Doctor and Master of Business Administration from Harvard University as a Baker Scholar. He entered the management consulting industry, which in 1977, led to a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as Chief Executive Officer, he helped bring the company out of financial crisis. In 1984, he co-founded the spin-off Bain Capital, a private equity investment firm that became highly profitable and one of the largest such firms in the nation. His net worth is estimated at $190–250 million, wealth that has helped fund his political campaigns. Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, he served as Ward Bishop and later Stake President in his area near Boston. He ran as the Republican candidate in the 1994 U.S. Senate election in Massachusetts, losing to long-time incumbent Ted Kennedy. In 1999, he was hired as President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the 2002 Winter Olympics and Paralympics; and he helped turn the fiscally troubled games into a success.
He was elected Governor of Massachusetts in 2002 but did not seek re-election in 2006. During his term he presided over a series of spending cuts and increases in fees that eliminated a projected $1.5 billion deficit. He also signed into law the Massachusetts health care reform legislation, the first of its kind in the nation, which provided near-universal health insurance access via state-level subsidies and individual mandates.
Romney ran for the Republican nomination in the 2008 U.S. presidential election, winning several primaries and caucuses but losing the nomination to John McCain. In the following years, he gave speeches and raised campaign funds on behalf of his fellow Republicans. In June 2011, he announced that he would seek the 2012 Republican presidential nomination; as of May 2012, he has won enough caucuses and primaries to become the party's presumptive nominee.
Early life and education[link]
See also: Romney family
Heritage and youth[link]
Willard Mitt Romney[1] was born at Harper Hospital in Detroit, Michigan,[2] the youngest child of George W. Romney, a self-made man who by 1948 had become an automobile executive, and Lenore Romney (née LaFount), an aspiring actress turned homemaker.[3][4][5] His mother was a native of Logan, Utah, and his father was born in a Mormon colony in Chihuahua, Mexico, to American parents.[6][7] He is of primarily English descent, and also has more distant Scottish and German ancestry.[8][9][10] He is a fifth-generation member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).[11][12] A great-great-grandfather, Miles Romney, converted to the faith in its first decade, and another great-great-grandfather, Parley P. Pratt, was an early leader in the church during the same time.[13]
He was preceded in birth by three siblings: Margo Lynn, Jane LaFount, and G. Scott. Mitt followed after a gap of nearly six years. He was named after family friend, hotel magnate J. Willard Marriott, and his father's cousin Milton "Mitt" Romney, a former quarterback for the Chicago Bears.[14][nb 1] In 1953, the family moved from Detroit to the affluent suburb of Bloomfield Hills.[16] In 1954, his father became the chairmen and CEO of American Motors, a company he helped avoid bankruptcy, and return to profitability.[16] By the time Mitt was twelve, his father had become a nationally known figure in print and on television,[17] and Mitt idolized him.[18]
He attended public elementary schools[15] until the seventh grade, when he began commuting to Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills, a traditional private boys' preparatory school where he was one of only a few Mormons and where many students came from backgrounds even more privileged than he.[19][20] He was not particularly athletic and at first did not excel academically.[18] During his sophomore year he participated in the 1962 campaign in which his father was elected Governor of Michigan.[nb 2] When his parents moved to the state capitol as part of George Romney taking office, Mitt took up residence at Cranbrook's Stevens Hall.[19] George Romney was re-elected twice; Mitt worked for him as an intern in the governor's office, and was present at the 1964 Republican National Convention when his moderate father battled conservative party nominee Barry Goldwater over issues of civil rights and ideological extremism.[18][22] During these years, Romney had a steady set of chores and summer jobs, including working as a security guard at a Chrysler plant.[23]
At Cranbrook he was a manager for the ice hockey team and a member of the pep squad,[19] and during his final year joined the cross country running team.[15] He belonged to eleven school organizations and school clubs, and started the Blue Key Club boosters group.[19] During his final year at Cranbook, Romney improved academically, but was still not a star pupil.[18][20] He won an award for those "whose contributions to school life are often not fully recognized through already existing channels".[20] Romney was involved in many pranks.[nb 3]
In March of his senior year, he began dating Ann Davies, two years his younger, whom he had first met in elementary school; she attended the private Kingswood School, the sister school to Cranbrook.[27][20] The two informally agreed to marriage around the time of his June 1965 graduation.[18]
University, France mission, marriage and children: 1965–1975[link]
Romney attended Stanford University for a year,[18][nb 4] where he worked as a night security guard in order to pay for trips home to see Ann.[28] Although the campus was becoming radicalized with the beginnings of 1960s social and political movements, he kept a well-groomed appearance and participated in pre-Big Game actions designed to protect the Stanford Axe.[18] In May 1966, he was part of a counter-protest against a group staging a sit-in in the university administration building in opposition to draft status tests.[18][29]
"As you can imagine, it's quite an experience to go to Bordeaux and say, 'Give up your wine! I've got a great religion for you!'"
—Mitt Romney in 2002 reflecting upon his missionary experience.[30]
In July 1966, he left for a thirty-month stay in France as a Mormon missionary,[18][31] a traditional rite of passage that his father and many other relatives had volunteered for.[nb 5] He arrived in Le Havre with ideas about how to change and promote the French Mission, while facing physical and economic deprivation in their cramped quarters.[33][13] Rules against drinking, smoking, and dating were strictly enforced.[13] Most individual Mormon missionaries do not gain many converts,[35] and Romney was no exception:[33] he later estimated ten to twenty for his entire mission.[36] The nominally Catholic but secular, wine-loving French people were especially resistant to a religion that prohibits alcohol.[18][13][30] He became demoralized, and later recalled it as the only time when "most of what I was trying to do was rejected."[33] In Nantes, he suffered a bruised jaw while defending two female missionaries who were being bothered by a group of local rugby players.[13] He continued to work hard; having grown up in Michigan rather than the more insular Utah world, Romney was better able to interact with the French than other missionaries.[37][13] He was promoted to zone leader in Bordeaux in early 1968, then in the spring of that year became assistant to the mission president in Paris, the highest position for a missionary.[33][13][38] In the Mission Home in Paris he enjoyed palace-like accommodations.[38] Romney's support for the U.S. role in the Vietnam War was only reinforced when the French greeted him with hostility over the matter and he debated them in return.[13][33] He witnessed the May 1968 general strike and student uprisings and was upset by the breakdown in social order.[39]
In June 1968, an automobile he was driving in southern France was hit by another vehicle, seriously injuring him and killing one of his passengers, the wife of the mission president.[nb 6] Romney, who was not at fault in the accident,[nb 6] became co-acting president of a mission demoralized and disorganized by the May civil disturbances and by the car accident.[37] He rallied and motivated the others and they met an ambitious goal of 200 baptisms for the year, the most for the mission in a decade.[37] By the end of his stint in December 1968, he was overseeing the work of 175 fellow members.[33][40] Romney developed a lifelong affection for France and its people, and speaks French.[42] The experience in the country instilled in him a belief that life is fragile and that he needed seriousness of purpose.[18][37][13] It also represented a crucible, after having been an indifferent Mormon growing up: "On a mission, your faith in Jesus Christ either evaporates or it becomes much deeper ... For me it became much deeper."[33]
While he was away, Ann Davies had converted to the Mormon faith, guided by George Romney, and had begun attending Brigham Young University (BYU).[18] Mitt was nervous that she had been wooed by others while he was away, and she had indeed started dating popular campus figure Kim S. Cameron and had sent Romney in France a "Dear John letter", greatly upsetting him; he wrote to her to in an attempt to win her back.[43][15] At their first meeting following Romney's return they reconnected, and decided to get married immediately but agreed to wait three months to appease their parents.[44] At Ann's request, Romney began attending Brigham Young too, in February 1969.[43][nb 4] The couple were married on March 21, 1969, in a civil ceremony at Ann's family's home in Bloomfield Hills that was presided over by a church elder.[46][47][48] The following day, the couple flew to Utah for a wedding ceremony at the Salt Lake Temple.[46][47]
Romney had missed much of the tumultuous American anti-Vietnam War movement while away, and was surprised to learn that his father had turned against the effort during his unsuccessful 1968 presidential campaign.[33] Regarding the military draft, Romney had initially received a student deferment, then, like most Mormon missionaries, a ministerial deferment while in France, and then a student deferment.[33][49] When those ran out, his high number in the December 1969 draft lottery (300) ensured he would not be selected.[33][49][50]
At culturally conservative BYU, he remained isolated from much of the upheaval of the era, and did not join in protests against the war, or the LDS Church's policy at the time of denying full membership to blacks.[24][33][43] He became president of, and an innovative fundraiser for, the all-male Cougar Club booster organization and showed a new-found discipline in his studies.[33][43] In his senior year, he took leave to work as driver and advance man for his mother Lenore Romney's eventually unsuccessful 1970 campaign for U.S. Senator from Michigan.[24][46] He earned a Bachelor of Arts in English with highest honors in 1971,[43] and gave commencement addresses to both the College of Humanities and to the whole of BYU.[nb 7]
The Romneys' first son, Taggart, was born in 1970[46] while they were undergraduates at Brigham Young[52] and living in a basement apartment.[33][43] Ann subsequently gave birth to Matt (1971), Josh (1975), Ben (1978), and Craig (1981).[46] Her work as a homemaker would enable her husband to pursue his career.[53]
Romney still wanted to pursue a business path, but his father, by now serving in President Richard Nixon's cabinet as U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, advised him that a law degree would be valuable to his career.[54][55] Thus he became one of only fifteen students to enroll at the recently created joint Juris Doctor/Master of Business Administration four-year program coordinated between Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School.[56] Fellow students considered him guilelessly optimistic, noting his solid work ethic and buttoned-down demeanor and appearance.[56][57] He readily adapted to the business school's pragmatic, data-driven case study method of teaching, participated in class well, and led a study group whom he pushed to get all A's.[55] He had a different social experience from most of his classmates, since he lived in a Belmont, Massachusetts, house with Ann and two children.[46][55] He was non-ideological and did not involve himself in the political or social issues of the day.[46][55] He graduated in 1975 cum laude from the law school, in the top third of that class, and was named a Baker Scholar for graduating in the top five percent of his business school class.[51][56]
Business career[link]
Management consulting[link]
Romney was recruited by several firms and chose to remain in Massachusetts to work for Boston Consulting Group (BCG), reasoning that working as a management consultant to a variety of companies would better prepare him for a future position as a chief executive.[54][58][nb 8] He was part of a 1970s wave of top graduates who chose to go into consulting rather than join a major company directly.[60] His legal and business education proved useful in his job[54] while he applied BCG principles such as the growth-share matrix.[61] He was viewed as having a bright future there.[54][62]
In 1977, he was hired away by Bain & Company, a management consulting firm in Boston that had been formed a few years earlier by Bill Bain and other former BCG employees.[61][54][63] Bain would later say of the thirty-year-old Romney, "He had the appearance of confidence of a guy who was maybe ten years older."[64] With Bain & Company, Romney learned what writers and business analysts have dubbed the "Bain way",[54][63][65] which consisted of immersing the firm in each client's business,[54][64] and not just issuing recommendations but staying with the company until changes were put into place.[61][63][66] Romney became a vice president of the firm in 1978,[15] and worked with clients such as the Monsanto Company, Outboard Marine Corporation, Burlington Industries, and Corning Incorporated.[58] Within a few years, he was one of Bain & Company's best consultants and was sought after by clients over more senior partners.[54][67]
Private equity[link]
File:Bain Capital.png
Logo of Bain Capital, the private equity firm Romney co-founded in 1984
Romney was restless for a company of his own to run, and in 1983, Bill Bain offered him the chance to head a new venture that would buy into companies, have them benefit from Bain techniques, and then reap higher rewards than consulting fees.[54][61] He initially refrained from accepting the offer, and Bain re-arranged the terms in a complicated partnership structure so that there was no financial or professional risk to Romney.[54][64][68] Thus, in 1984, Romney left Bain & Company to co-found the spin-off private equity investment firm, Bain Capital.[66] In the face of skepticism from potential investors, Bain and Romney spent a year raising the $37 million in funds needed to start the new operation, which had fewer than ten employees.[58][64][69] As general partner of the new firm, Romney spent little money on costs such as office appearance, and saw weak spots in so many potential deals that by 1986, few had been done.[54] At first, Bain Capital focused on venture capital opportunities.[54] Their first big success was a 1986 investment to help start Staples Inc., after founder Thomas G. Stemberg convinced Romney of the market size for office supplies and Romney convinced others; Bain Capital eventually reaped a nearly sevenfold return on its investment, and Romney sat on the Staples board of directors for over a decade.[54][69][70]
Romney soon switched Bain Capital's focus from startups to the relatively new business of leveraged buyouts: buying existing firms with money mostly borrowed against their assets, partnering with existing management to apply the "Bain way" to their operations (rather than the hostile takeovers practiced in other leverage buyout scenarios), and selling them off in a few years.[54][64] Existing CEOs were offered large equity stakes in the process, owing to Bain Capital's belief in the emerging agency theory that CEOs should be bound to maximizing shareholder value rather than other goals.[70] Bain Capital lost most of its money in many of its early leveraged buyouts, but then started finding deals that made large returns.[54] The firm invested in or acquired Accuride, Brookstone, Domino's Pizza, Sealy Corporation, Sports Authority, and Artisan Entertainment, as well as lesser-known companies in the industrial and medical sectors.[54][64][71] He ran Bain Capital for fourteen years, during which time the firm's average annual internal rate of return on realized investments was 113 percent.[58] Much of this profit was earned from a relatively small number of deals; Bain Capital's overall success–to–failure ratio was about even.[nb 9]
Less an entrepreneur than an executive running an investment operation,[67][72] Romney was skilled at presenting and selling the deals the company made.[68] The firm initially gave a cut of its profits to Bain & Company, but Romney persuaded Bain to give that up.[68] Within Bain Capital, Romney spread profits from deals widely within the firm to keep people motivated, often keeping less than ten percent for himself.[73] Viewed as a fair manager, he received considerable loyalty from the firm's members.[70] Romney's wary instincts were still in force at times, and he was generally data-driven and averse to risk.[54][70] He wanted to drop a Bain Capital hedge fund that initially lost money, but other partners prevailed and it eventually gained billions.[54] He also personally opted out of the Artisan Entertainment deal, not wanting to profit from a studio that produced R-rated films.[54] Romney was on the board of directors of Damon Corporation, a medical testing company later found guilty of defrauding the government; Bain Capital tripled its investment before selling off the company, and the fraud was discovered by the new owners (Romney was never implicated).[54] In some cases, Romney had little involvement with a company once acquired.[69]
"Sometimes the medicine is a little bitter but it is necessary to save the life of the patient. My job was to try and make the enterprise successful, and in my view the best security a family can have is that the business they work for is strong."
—Mitt Romney in 2007, commenting on job losses at companies that Bain Capital executed leveraged buyouts of.[68]
Bain Capital's leveraged buyouts sometimes led to layoffs, either soon after acquisition or later after the firm had left.[61][68][69] How jobs added compared to those lost due to these investments and buyouts is unknown, due to a lack of records and Bain Capital's penchant for privacy on behalf of itself and its investors.[74][75][76] In any case, maximizing the value of acquired companies and the return to Bain's investors, not job creation, was the firm's fundamental goal, as it was for most private equity operations.[69][77] Bain Capital's acquisition of Ampad exemplified a deal where it profited handsomely from early payments and management fees, even though the subject company itself ended up going into bankruptcy.[54][70][77] Dade Behring was another case where Bain Capital received an eightfold return on its investment, but the company itself was saddled with debt and laid off over a thousand employees before Bain Capital exited (the company subsequently went into bankruptcy, with more layoffs, before recovering and prospering).[74] Bain was among the private equity firms that took the most fees in such cases.[64][70]
In 1990, Romney was asked to return to Bain & Company, which was facing financial collapse.[66] He was announced as its new CEO in January 1991[78][79] but drew only a symbolic salary of one dollar.[66] He managed an effort to restructure the firm's employee stock-ownership plan, real-estate deals and bank loans, while rallying the firm's thousand employees, imposing a new governing structure that included Bain and the other founding partners giving up control, and increasing fiscal transparency.[54][58][66] Within about a year, he had led Bain & Company through a turnaround and returned the firm to profitability without further layoffs or partner defections.[58] He turned Bain & Company over to new leadership and returned to Bain Capital in December 1992.[54][79][80]
Romney took a leave of absence from Bain Capital in February 1999 to serve as the President and CEO of the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic Games Organizing Committee.[54][81] By that time, Bain Capital was on its way to being one of the top private equity firms in the nation,[68] having increased its number of partners from 5 to 18, with 115 employees overall, and $4 billion under its management.[64][69] Bain Capital's approach of applying consulting expertise to the companies it invested in became widely copied within the private equity industry.[25][69] Economist Steven Kaplan would later say, "[Romney] came up with a model that was very successful and very innovative and that now everybody uses."[70]
Personal wealth[link]
In August 2001, Romney announced that he would not return to Bain Capital.[81] He transferred his ownership to other partners and negotiated an agreement that allowed him to receive a passive profit share as a retired partner in some Bain Capital entities, including buyout and investment funds.[73][82] Because the private equity business continued to thrive, this deal brought him millions of dollars in annual income.[73] As a result of his business career, by 2007, Romney and his wife had a net worth of between $190 and $250 million, most of it held in blind trusts since 2003.[82] In 2012, it was estimated that he had amassed twice the net worth of the last eight presidents combined,[83] and would rank among the four richest in American history if elected.[83][84]
An additional blind trust existed in the name of the Romneys' children and grandchildren that was valued at between $70 and $100 million as of 2007.[85] The couple's net worth remained in the same range as of 2011, and was still held in blind trusts.[86] In 2010, Romney and his wife received $21.7 million in income, almost all of it from investments, of which about $3 million went to federal income taxes (a rate of 13.9 percent, based upon the beneficial rate accorded investment income by the U.S. tax code) and almost $3 million to charity, including $1.5 million to the LDS Church.[87] Romney has always tithed to the church, including stock from Bain Capital holdings.[13][88][89] In 2010, the Romney family's Tyler Charitable Foundation gave out about $650,000, with some of it going to organizations that fight specific diseases such as cystic fibrosis and multiple sclerosis.[90]
Local LDS Church leadership[link]
During his years in business, Romney also served in the local lay clergy (consisting of all Mormon men over the age of 12).[13] Around 1977, he became a counselor to the president of the Boston Stake.[91] He later served as bishop of the ward (leader of the congregation) at Belmont, Massachusetts, from 1981 to 1986, acting as the ecclesiastical and administrative head of his congregation.[92][93] As such, in addition to home teaching, he also formulated Sunday services and classes using LDS scriptures to guide the congregation.[94] He forged bonds with other religious institutions in the area when the Belmont meetinghouse was destroyed by a fire of suspicious origins in 1984; the congregation rotated its meetings to other houses of worship while it was rebuilt.[88][93]
From 1986 to 1994, he presided over the Boston Stake, which included more than a dozen wards in eastern Massachusetts with about 4,000 church members altogether.[67][94][95] He organized a team to handle financial and management issues, sought to counter anti-Mormon sentiments, and tried to solve social problems among poor Southeast Asian converts.[88][93] An unpaid position, his local church leadership often took 30 or more hours a week of his time,[94] and he became known for his tireless energy in the role.[67] He generally refrained from overnight business travel owing to his church responsibilities.[94]
He took a hands-on role in general matters, helping in maintenance efforts in- and outside homes, visiting the sick, and counseling troubled or burdened church members.[92][93][94] A number of local church members later credited him with turning their lives around or helping them through difficult times.[88][93][94] Some others were rankled by his leadership style and desired a more consensus-based approach.[93] Romney tried to balance the conservative dogma insisted upon by the church leadership in Utah with the desire of some Massachusetts members to have a more flexible application of doctrine.[67] He agreed with some modest requests from the liberal women's group Exponent II for changes in the way the church dealt with women, but clashed with women whom he felt were departing too much from doctrine.[67] In particular, he counseled women not to have abortions except in the rare cases allowed by LDS doctrine, and also in accordance with doctrine, encouraged prospective mothers who were not in successful marriages to give up children for adoption.[67] Romney later said that the years spent as an LDS minister gave him direct exposure to people struggling in economically difficult circumstances, and empathy for those going through problematic family situations.[96]
1994 U.S. senatorial campaign[link]
Main article: United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1994
By 1993, Romney had been thinking about entering politics, partly based upon Ann's urging and partly to follow in his father's footsteps.[46] He decided to challenge incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy, who was seeking re-election for the sixth time. Kennedy was potentially vulnerable that year – in part because of the unpopularity of the Democratic Congress as a whole, and in part because this was Kennedy's first election since the William Kennedy Smith trial in Florida, in which Kennedy had suffered some negative public relations regarding his character.[97][98][99] Romney changed his affiliation from Independent to Republican in October 1993 and formally announced his candidacy in February 1994.[46] He took a leave of absence from Bain Capital in November 1993, and stepped down from his church leadership role during 1994, due to the campaign.[100][94]
Radio personality Janet Jeghelian took an early lead in polls among candidates for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat, but Romney proved the most effective fundraiser.[101][102] He won 68 percent of the vote at the May 1994 Massachusetts Republican Party convention; businessman John Lakian finished a distant second and Jeghelian was eliminated.[103] Romney defeated Lakian in the September 1994 primary with over 80 percent of the vote.[15][104]
In the general election, Kennedy faced the first serious re-election challenger of his career in the young, telegenic, and well-funded Romney.[97] Romney ran as a fresh face, as a businessperson who stated he had created ten thousand jobs, and as a Washington outsider with a solid family image and moderate stances on social issues.[97][105] When Kennedy tried to tie Romney's policies to those of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, Romney responded, "Look, I was an independent during the time of Reagan-Bush. I'm not trying to take us back to Reagan-Bush."[106] Romney stated: "Ultimately, this is a campaign about change."[107] After two decades out of public view, his father George re-emerged during the campaign.[108][109]
Romney's campaign was effective in portraying Kennedy as soft on crime, but had trouble establishing its own positions in a consistent manner.[110] By mid-September 1994, polls showed the race to be approximately even.[97][111][112] Kennedy responded with a series of attack ads, which focused on Romney's seemingly shifting political views on issues such as abortion and on the treatment of workers at the Ampad plant owned by Romney's Bain Capital.[97][113][114] The latter was effective in blunting Romney's momentum.[70] Kennedy and Romney held a widely watched late October debate without a clear winner, but by then, Kennedy had pulled ahead in polls and stayed ahead afterward.[115] Romney spent $3 million of his own money in the race and more than $7 million overall.[116][nb 10] In the November general election, despite a disastrous showing for Democrats overall, Kennedy won the election with 58 percent of the vote to Romney's 41 percent,[54] the smallest margin in Kennedy's eight re-election campaigns for the Senate.[119]
2002 Winter Olympics[link]
Romney returned to Bain Capital the day after the election, but the loss had a lasting effect; he told his brother, "I never want to run for something again unless I can win."[46][120] When his father died in 1995, Mitt donated his inheritance to BYU's George W. Romney Institute of Public Management and joined the board and was vice-chair of the Points of Light Foundation (which had incorporated his father's National Volunteer Center).[45][81] His mother died in 1998. Romney felt restless as the decade neared a close; the goal of simply making more money was losing its appeal to him.[46][120] He no longer had a church leadership position, although he still taught Sunday School.[92] During the long and controversial approval and construction process for the $30 million Mormon temple in Belmont, he feared that as a political figure who had opposed Kennedy, he would become a focal point for opposition to the structure.[93] He thus kept to a limited, behind-the-scenes role in attempts to ease tensions between the church and local residents, but locals nonetheless sometimes referred to it as "Mitt's Temple".[88][92][93]
Ann Romney was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1998; Mitt described watching her fail a series of neurological tests as the worst day of his life.[46] After two years of severe difficulties with the disease, she found while living in Park City, Utah (where the couple had built a vacation home) a mixture of mainstream, alternative, and equestrian therapies that gave her a lifestyle mostly without limitations.[53] When the offer came for him to take over the troubled 2002 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, to be held in Salt Lake City in Utah, she urged him to take it, and eager for a new challenge, he did.[120][121] On February 11, 1999, Romney was hired as the president and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games of 2002.[122]
Before Romney came on, the event was running $379 million short of its revenue benchmarks.[122] Plans were being made to scale back the Games to compensate for the fiscal crisis, and there were fears the Games might be moved away entirely.[123] The Games had also been damaged by allegations of bribery involving top officials, including prior Salt Lake Olympic Committee president and CEO Frank Joklik. Joklik and committee vice president Dave Johnson were forced to resign.[124] Romney was chosen by Utah figures looking for someone with expertise in business and law and with connections to the state and the LDS Church.[125] The appointment faced some initial criticism from non-Mormons, and fears from Mormons, that it represented cronyism or gave the Games too Mormon an image.[30]
Romney ran the planning for the Games like a business.[126] He revamped the organization's leadership and policies, reduced budgets, and boosted fundraising, alleviated the concerns corporate sponsors and recruited many new ones.[120][125] He appealed to Utah's citizenry with a message of optimism that helped restore confidence in the effort.[120][126] He worked to ensure the safety of the Games following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks by coordinating a $300 million security budget.[121] Overall, he oversaw a $1.32 billion budget, 700 employees, and 26,000 volunteers.[122] The federal government provided between approximately $400 million[125][127][128] and $600 million[126][129] of that budget, much of it a result of Romney's having aggressively lobbied Congress and federal agencies.[129][130][131] It would prove to be a record level of federal funding for the staging of a U.S. Olympics, a fact Romney would cite as a selling point during his campaign for the Massachusetts governorship.[128][130] An additional federal $1.1 billion was spent on indirect support in the form of highway and transit projects.[132]
Romney emerged as the public face of the Olympic effort, appearing in photographs, news stories and Olympics pins.[120] Robert H. Garff, the chair of the organizing committee, later said that "It was obvious that he had an agenda larger than just the Olympics,"[120] and that Romney wanted to use the Olympics to propel himself into the national spotlight and a political career.[125][133] Garff believed the initial budget shortfall was not as bad as Romney portrayed, given there were still three years to reorganize.[125] Utah Senator Bob Bennett said that much of the needed federal money was already in place and an analysis by The Boston Globe stated that the committee already had nearly $1 billion in committed revenues.[125] Olympics critic Steve Pace, who led Utahns for Responsible Public Spending, thought Romney exaggerated the initial fiscal state in order to lay the groundwork for a well-publicized rescue.[133] Kenneth Bullock, another board member of the organizing committee and also head of the Utah League of Cities and Towns, often clashed with Romney at the time, and later said that Romney deserved some credit for the turnaround but not as much as he claimed:[120] Bullock said: "He tried very hard to build an image of himself as a savior, the great white hope. He was very good at characterizing and castigating people and putting himself on a pedestal."[125]
Despite the initial fiscal shortfall, the Games ended up clearing a profit of $100 million.[134] His performance as Olympics head was rated positively by 87 percent of Utahns.[135] Romney and his wife contributed $1 million to the Olympics, and he donated to charity the $1.4 million in salary and severance payments he received for his three years as president and CEO.[136]
Romney was widely praised for his efforts with the 2002 Winter Olympics[121] including by President George W. Bush,[25] and it solidified his reputation as a turnaround artist.[125] Harvard Business School taught a case study based around his actions.[61] He wrote a book about his experience titled Turnaround: Crisis, Leadership, and the Olympic Games, published in 2004. The role gave Romney experience in dealing with federal, state, and local entities, a public persona he had previously lacked, and the chance to re-launch his political aspirations.[120] He was mentioned as a possible candidate for statewide office in both Massachusetts and Utah, and also as possibly joining the Bush administration.[121][137][138]
Governor of Massachusetts[link]
2002 gubernatorial campaign[link]
Main article: Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2002
In 2002, Republican Acting Governor Jane Swift's administration was plagued by political missteps and personal scandals.[135] Many Republicans viewed her as a liability and considered her unable to win a general election.[139] Prominent party figures – as well as the White House – wanted Romney to run for governor,[137][140] and the opportunity appealed to him for its national visibility.[141] One poll taken at that time showed Republicans favoring Romney over Swift by more than 50 percentage points.[142] On March 19, 2002, Swift announced she would not seek her party's nomination, and hours later Romney declared his candidacy,[142] for which would face no opposition in the primary.[143] In June 2002, Massachusetts Democratic Party officials contested Romney's eligibility to run for governor, citing residency issues involving his time in Utah for the Olympics.[144] That same month, the bipartisan Massachusetts State Ballot Law Commission unanimously ruled that he was an eligible candidate.[145]
He again ran as a political outsider,[135] saying he was "not a partisan Republican" but rather a "moderate" with "progressive" views.[146] Supporters of Romney hailed his business success, especially with the Olympics, as the record of someone who would be able to bring a new era of efficiency into Massachusetts politics.[143] The campaign was the first to use microtargeting techniques, in which fine-grained groups of voters were reached with narrowly tailored messaging.[147] Nevertheless, Romney initially had difficulty connecting with voters and fell behind his Democratic opponent, Massachusetts State Treasurer Shannon O'Brien, in polls before rebounding.[148] During the election he contributed over $6 million – a state record at the time – to the nearly $10 million raised for his campaign overall.[149][150] Romney was elected governor on November 5, 2002, with 50 percent of the vote to O'Brien's 45 percent.[151]
Tenure, 2003–2007[link]
Main article: Governorship of Mitt Romney
When Romney was sworn in as the 70th governor of Massachusetts on January 2, 2003, [152] both houses of the Massachusetts state legislature held large Democratic majorities.[153] He picked his cabinet and advisors more on managerial abilities than partisan affiliation.[23] Upon entering office in the middle of a fiscal year, he faced an immediate $650 million shortfall and a projected $3 billion deficit for the next year.[138] Unexpected revenue of $1.0–1.3 billion from a previously enacted capital gains tax increase and $500 million in unanticipated federal grants decreased the deficit to $1.2–1.5 billion.[154][155] Through a combination of spending cuts, increased fees, and removal of corporate tax loopholes,[154] the state ran surpluses of around $600–700 million for the last two full fiscal years Romney was in office, although it began running deficits again after that.[nb 11]
Romney supported raising various fees by more than $300 million, including those for driver's licenses, marriage licenses, and gun licenses.[138][154] He increased a special gasoline retailer fee by two cents per gallon, generating about $60 million per year in additional revenue.[138][154] (Opponents said the reliance on fees sometimes imposed a hardship on those who could least afford them.)[154] Romney also closed tax loopholes that brought in another $181 million from businesses over the next two years and over $300 million for his term.[138][160] Romney did so in the face of conservative and corporate critics that considered them tax increases.[160]
The state legislature, with Romney's support, also cut spending by $1.6 billion, including $700 million in reductions in state aid to cities and towns.[161] The cuts also included a $140 million reduction in state funding for higher education, which led state-run colleges and universities to increase tuition by 63 percent over four years.[138][154] Romney sought additional cuts in his last year as governor by vetoing nearly 250 items in the state budget, but all were overridden by the heavily Democratic legislature.[162]
The cuts in state spending put added pressure on localities to reduce services or raise property taxes, and the share of town and city revenues coming from property taxes rose from 49 to 53 percent.[138][154] The combined state and local tax burden in Massachusetts increased during Romney's governorship but remained below the national average.[138]
Romney sought to bring near-universal health insurance coverage to the state. This came after Staples founder Stemberg told him at the start of his term that doing so would be the best way he could help people,[163][164][165] and after the federal government, owing to the rules of Medicaid funding, threatened to cut $385 million in those payments to Massachusetts if the state did not reduce the number of uninsured recipients of health care services.[23][163][166] Although he had not campaigned on the idea of universal health insurance,[165] Romney decided that because people without insurance still received expensive health care, the money spent by the state for such care could be better used to subsidize insurance for the poor.[164][165]
After positing that any measure adopted not raise taxes and not resemble the previous decade's failed "Hillarycare" proposal, Romney formed a team of consultants from diverse political backgrounds.[23][163][166] Beginning in late 2004, they came up with a set of proposals more ambitious than an incremental one from the Massachusetts Senate and more acceptable to him than one from the Massachusetts House of Representatives that incorporated a new payroll tax.[23][163][166] In particular, Romney pushed for incorporating an individual mandate at the state level.[21] Past rival Ted Kennedy, who had made universal heath coverage his life's work and who, over time, had developed a warm relationship with Romney,[167] gave the plan a positive reception, which encouraged Democratic legislators to cooperate.[163][166] The effort eventually gained the support of all major stakeholders within the state, and Romney helped break a logjam between rival Democratic leaders in the legislature.[163][166]
"There really wasn't Republican or Democrat in this. People ask me if this is conservative or liberal, and my answer is yes. It's liberal in the sense that we're getting our citizens health insurance. It's conservative in that we're not getting a government takeover."
—Mitt Romney upon passage of the Massachusetts health reform law in 2006.[163]
On April 12, 2006, Romney signed the resulting Massachusetts health reform law, commonly called "Romneycare", which requires nearly all Massachusetts residents to buy health insurance coverage or face escalating tax penalties, such as the loss of their personal income tax exemption.[168] The bill also establishes means-tested state subsidies for people who do not have adequate employer insurance and whose income is below a threshold, with funds that were previously used to compensate for the health costs of the uninsured.[169][170][171] He vetoed eight sections of the health care legislation, including a controversial $295-per-employee assessment on businesses that do not offer health insurance and provisions guaranteeing dental benefits to Medicaid recipients.[168][172] The legislature overrode all eight vetoes, but the governor's office said the differences were not essential.[172] The law was the first of its kind in the nation and became the signature achievement of Romney's term in office.[166][nb 12]
At the beginning of his governorship, Romney opposed same-sex marriage and civil unions, but advocated tolerance and supported some domestic partnership benefits.[166][174][175] Faced with the dilemma of choosing between same-sex marriage or civil unions after the November 2003 Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court decision legalizing same-sex marriages (Goodridge v. Department of Public Health), Romney reluctantly backed a state constitutional amendment in February 2004 that would have banned same-sex marriage but still allow civil unions, viewing it as the only feasible way to ban same-sex marriage in Massachusetts.[176] In May 2004, Romney instructed town clerks to begin issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples, but citing a 1913 law that barred out-of-state residents from getting married in Massachusetts if their union would be illegal in their home state, no marriage licenses were to be issued to out-of-state same-sex couples not planning to move to Massachusetts.[174][177] In June 2005, Romney abandoned his support for the compromise amendment, stating that the amendment confused voters who oppose both same-sex marriage and civil unions.[174] Instead, Romney endorsed a petition effort led by the Coalition for Marriage & Family that would have banned same-sex marriage and made no provisions for civil unions.[174] In 2004 and 2006, he urged the U.S. Senate to vote in favor of the Federal Marriage Amendment.[178][179]
In 2005, Romney revealed a change of view regarding abortion, moving from the "unequivocal" pro-choice position expressed during his 2002 campaign to a pro-life one in opposition to Roe v. Wade.[166] He subsequently vetoed a bill on pro-life grounds that would expand access to emergency contraception in hospitals and pharmacies[180] (the veto was overridden by the legislature).[181]
Romney generally used the bully pulpit approach towards promoting his agenda, staging well-organized media events to appeal directly to the public rather than pushing his proposals in behind-doors sessions with the state legislature.[166] Romney dealt with a public crisis of confidence in Boston's Big Dig project – that followed a fatal ceiling collapse in 2006 – by wresting control of the project from the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority.[166]
During 2004, Romney spent considerable effort trying to bolster the state Republican Party, but it failed to gain any seats in the state legislative elections that year.[138][182] He was given a prime-time appearance at the 2004 Republican National Convention, and was already being discussed as a potential 2008 presidential candidate.[183] Midway through his term, Romney decided that he wanted to stage a full-time run for president,[184] and on December 14, 2005, announced that he would not seek re-election for a second term.[185][186] As chair of the Republican Governors Association, Romney traveled around the country, meeting prominent Republicans and building a national political network;[184] he spent part or all of more than 200 days out of state during 2006, preparing for his run.[187]
He had a 61 percent job approval rating in public polls after his initial fiscal actions in 2003, but it began to sink after that.[188] His frequent out-of-state travel contributed to a decline in his approval rating towards the end of his term;[189][188] at 34 percent in November 2006, his rating level ranked 48th of the 50 U.S. governors.[190] Dissatisfaction with Romney's administration and the weak condition of the Republican state party were among several factors that led to Democrat Deval Patrick's lopsided win over Republican Kerry Healey, Romney's Lieutenant Governor, in the 2006 Massachusetts gubernatorial election.[191][189]
Romney filed to register a presidential campaign committee with the Federal Election Commission on his penultimate day in office as governor.[192] His term ended January 4, 2007.
2008 presidential campaign[link]
Main article: Mitt Romney presidential campaign, 2008
Romney formally announced his candidacy for the 2008 Republican nomination for president on February 13, 2007, at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.[193] In his speech, he frequently invoked his father and his own family and stressed experiences in the private, public, and voluntary sectors that had brought him to this point.[193][194] He said, "Throughout my life, I have pursued innovation and transformation,"[194] and casting himself as a political outsider, said, "I do not believe Washington can be transformed from within by a lifelong politician."[195]
Romney's campaign initially emphasized his résumé of a highly profitable career in the business world and his stewardship of the Olympics.[184][196][nb 13] He also had political experience as governor, together with a political pedigree courtesy of his father, and had a reputation for a strong work ethic and energy level.[184][196][65] Ann Romney, who had become an outspoken advocate for those with multiple sclerosis,[199] was in remission and would be an active participant in his campaign,[200] helping to soften his political personality.[65] Moreover, a number of commentators noted that with his square jaw and ample hair graying at the temples, the 6-foot-2-inch (1.88 m)[201] Romney – referred to as handsome in scores of media stories[202] – physically matched one of the common images of what some believed a president should look like.[66][203][204][205] Romney's liabilities included having run for senator and served as governor in one of the nation's most liberal states, having taken some positions there that were opposed by the party's conservative base, and subsequently shifting those positions.[184][196][200] His religion was also viewed with suspicion and skepticism by some in the Evangelical portion of the party.[206]
Romney assembled for his campaign a veteran group of Republican staffers, consultants, and pollsters.[196][207] He was little-known nationally, though, and stayed around the 10 percent range in Republican preference polls for the first half of 2007.[184] He proved the most effective fundraiser of any of the Republican candidates;[208] his Olympics ties helped him with fundraising from Utahns and from sponsors and trustees of the games.[136] He also partly financed his campaign with his own personal fortune.[196] These resources, combined with the mid-year near-collapse of nominal front-runner John McCain's campaign, made Romney a threat to win the nomination and the focus of the other candidates' attacks.[209] Romney's staff suffered from internal strife and the candidate himself was indecisive at times, constantly asking for more data before making a decision.[196][210]
During all of his political campaigns, Romney has generally avoided speaking publicly about specific Mormon doctrines, referring to the U.S. Constitution prohibition of religious tests for public office.[211] But persistent questions about the role of religion in Romney's life in this race, as well as Southern Baptist minister and former Governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee's rise in the polls based upon an explicitly Christian-themed campaign, led to the December 6, 2007, "Faith in America" speech.[212] He said should neither be elected nor rejected based upon his religion,[213] and echoed Senator John F. Kennedy's famous speech during his 1960 presidential campaign in saying, "I will put no doctrine of any church above the plain duties of the office and the sovereign authority of the law."[212] Instead of discussing the specific tenets of his faith, he said that he would be informed by it and that, "Freedom requires religion just as religion requires freedom. Freedom and religion endure together, or perish alone."[212][213] Academics would later study the role religion had played in the campaign.[nb 14]
In the January 3, 2008, Iowa Republican caucuses, the first contest of the primary season, Romney received 25 percent of the vote and placed second to the vastly outspent Huckabee, who received 34 percent.[216][217] Of the 60 percent of caucus-goers who were evangelical Christians, Huckabee was supported by about half of them while Romney by only a fifth.[216] Two days later, Romney won the lightly contested Wyoming Republican caucuses.[218]
At a Saint Anselm College debate, Huckabee and McCain pounded away at Romney's image as a flip flopper.[216] Indeed, this label would stick to Romney through the campaign[196] (but was one that Romney rejected as unfair and inaccurate, except for his acknowledged change of mind on abortion).[65][219] Romney seemed to approach the campaign as a management consulting exercise, and showed a lack of personal warmth and political feel; journalist Evan Thomas wrote that Romney "came off as a phony, even when he was perfectly sincere."[65][220] Romney's staff would conclude that competing as a candidate of social conservatism and ideological purity rather than of pragmatic competence had been a mistake.[65]
Romney finished in second place by 5 percentage points to the resurgent McCain in the next-door-to-his-home-state New Hampshire primary on January 8.[216] Romney rebounded to win the January 15 Michigan primary over McCain by a solid margin, capitalizing on his childhood ties to the state and his vow to bring back lost automotive industry jobs which was seen by several commentators as unrealistic.[nb 15] On January 19, Romney won the lightly contested Nevada caucuses, but placed fourth in the intense South Carolina primary, where he had effectively ceded the contest to his rivals.[225] McCain gained further momentum with his win in South Carolina, leading to a showdown between him and Romney in the Florida primary.[226][227]
For ten days, Romney campaigned intensively on economic issues and the burgeoning subprime mortgage crisis, while McCain repeatedly, and inaccurately, asserted that Romney favored a premature withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq.[nb 16] McCain won key last-minute endorsements from Florida Senator Mel Martinez and Governor Charlie Crist, which helped push him to a 5 percentage point victory on January 29.[226][227] Although many Republican officials were now lining up behind McCain,[227] Romney persisted through the nationwide Super Tuesday contests on February 5. There he won primaries or caucuses in several states, including Massachusetts, Alaska, Minnesota, Colorado, and Utah, but McCain won more, including large states such as California and New York.[229] Trailing McCain in delegates by a more than two-to-one margin, Romney announced the end of his campaign on February 7 during a speech before the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington.[229]
Altogether, Romney had won 11 primaries and caucuses,[230] received about 4.7 million total votes,[231] and garnered about 280 delegates.[232] He spent $110 million during the campaign, including $45 million of his own money.[233]
Romney endorsed McCain for president a week later.[232] He became one of the McCain campaign's most visible surrogates, appearing on behalf of the GOP nominee at fundraisers, state Republican party conventions, and on cable news programs.[234] His efforts earned McCain's respect and the two developed a warmer relationship; he was on the nominee's short list for the vice presidential running mate slot, where his economic expertise would have balanced one of McCain's weaknesses.[235] McCain, behind in the polls, opted instead for a high-risk, high-reward "game changer", and selected Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.[236] McCain lost the election to Democratic Senator Barack Obama.
Activity between presidential campaigns[link]
Following the election, Romney paved the way for a possible 2012 presidential campaign by using his Free and Strong America political action committee (PAC) to raise money for other Republican candidates and to pay his existing political staff's salaries and consulting fees.[237][238] An informal network of former staff and supporters around the nation were eager for him to run again.[239] He continued to give speeches and raise funds for Republicans,[240] but turned down many potential media appearances, fearing overexposure.[219] He also spoke before business, educational, and motivational groups.[241] He served on the board of directors of Marriott International from 2009 to 2011 (having earlier served on it from 1993 to 2002).[242]
In 2009, the Romneys sold their primary residence in Belmont and their ski chalet in Utah, leaving them an estate along Lake Winnipesaukee in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, and an oceanfront home in the La Jolla district of San Diego, California, which they had bought the year before.[219][243][244] The San Diego home was beneficial in location and climate for Ann Romney's multiple sclerosis therapies and for recovering from her late 2008 diagnosis and lumpectomy for mammary ductal carcinoma in situ.[243][245][246] Both it and the New Hampshire location were near some of their grandchildren,[243] who by 2011 numbered sixteen.[247] Romney maintained his voting registration in Massachusetts, however, and bought a smaller condominium in Belmont during 2010.[245][248][nb 17] In February 2010, Romney had a minor altercation with LMFAO member Skyler Gordy, known as Sky Blu, on an airplane flight.[nb 18]
Romney's book, No Apology: The Case for American Greatness, was released in March 2010; an 18-state book tour was undertaken.[255] The book, which debuted atop The New York Times Best Seller list,[256] avoided anecdotes about his personal or political life in favor of a presentation of his economic and geopolitical views.[257][258] Earnings from the book were donated to charity.[86]
In nationwide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Presidential primaries, Romney led or placed in the top three with Palin and Huckabee. A January 2010 National Journal survey of political insiders found that a majority of Republican insiders, and a plurality of Democratic insiders, predicted Romney would be the party's 2012 nominee.[259] Romney campaigned heavily for Republican candidates in the 2010 midterm elections,[260] raising more money than the other prospective 2012 Republican presidential candidates.[261] Beginning in early 2011, Romney presented a more relaxed visual image, including rarely wearing a necktie.[262][263]
2012 presidential campaign[link]
Main article: Mitt Romney presidential campaign, 2012
See also: Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012 , Results of the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries, and Republican Party vice presidential candidates, 2012
On April 11, 2011, Romney announced in a video taped outdoors at the University of New Hampshire that he had formed an exploratory committee for a run for the Republican presidential nomination.[264][265] A Quinnipiac University political science professor stated, "We all knew that he was going to run. He's really been running for president ever since the day after the 2008 election."[265]
Romney stood to gain from the Republican electorate's tendency to nominate candidates who had previously run for president and appeared to be "next in line" to be chosen.[239][266][267] The early stages of the race found him as the apparent front-runner in a weak field, especially in terms of fundraising prowess and organization.[268][269][270] Perhaps his greatest hurdle in gaining the Republican nomination was party opposition to the Massachusetts health care reform law that he had shepherded five years earlier.[263][265][267] As many potential Republican candidates decided not to run (including Mike Pence, John Thune, Haley Barbour, Mike Huckabee, and Mitch Daniels), Republican party figures searched for plausible alternatives to Romney.[268][270]
On June 2, 2011, he formally announced the start of his campaign. Speaking on a farm in Stratham, New Hampshire, he focused on the economy and criticized President Obama's handling of it.[271] He said, "In the campaign to come, the American ideals of economic freedom and opportunity need a clear and unapologetic defense, and I intend to make it – because I have lived it."[267]
Romney raised $56 million during 2011, far more than any of his Republican opponents,[272] and refrained from spending any of his own money on his campaign.[273] He initially ran a low-key, low-profile campaign.[274] Michele Bachmann staged a brief surge in polls, then by September 2011, Romney's chief rival in polls was a recent entrant, Texas Governor Rick Perry.[275] Perry and Romney exchanged sharp criticisms of each other during a series of debates among the Republican candidates.[276] The October 2011 decisions of Chris Christie and Sarah Palin not to run finally settled the field.[277][278] Perry faded after poor performances in those debates, while Herman Cain's long-shot bid gained popularity until allegations of sexual misconduct derailed him.[279][280]
Romney continued to seek support from a wary Republican electorate; at this point in the race, his poll numbers were relatively flat and at a historically low level for a Republican frontrunner.[277][281][282] After the charges of flip-flopping that marked his 2008 campaign began to accumulate again, Romney declared in November 2011 that "I've been as consistent as human beings can be."[283][284][285] In the final month before voting began, Newt Gingrich enjoyed a major surge, taking a solid lead in national polls and in most of the early caucus and primary states,[286] before settling back into parity or worse with Romney following a barrage of negative ads from Restore Our Future, a pro-Romney Super PAC.[287]
In the initial 2012 Iowa caucuses of January 3, Romney was announced as the victor on election night with 25 percent of the vote, edging out a late-gaining Rick Santorum by eight votes (with an also-strong Ron Paul finishing third),[288] but sixteen days later, Santorum was certified as the winner by a 34-vote margin.[289] Romney decidedly won the New Hampshire primary the following week with a total of 39 percent; Paul finished second and Jon Huntsman third.[290]
In the run-up to the South Carolina Republican primary, Gingrich launched attack ads criticizing Romney for causing job losses while at Bain Capital, Perry referred to Romney's role there as "vulture capitalism", and Sarah Palin questioned whether Romney could prove his claim that 100,000 jobs were created during that time.[291][292] Many conservatives rallied in defense of Romney, rejecting what they inferred as criticism of free-market capitalism.[291] However, during two debates, Romney fumbled questions about releasing his income tax returns, while Gingrich gained support with audience-rousing attacks on the debate moderators.[293][294] Romney's double-digit lead in state polls evaporated and he lost to Gingrich by 13 points in the January 21 primary.[293] Combined with the delayed loss in Iowa, Romney's admitted bad week represented a lost chance to end the race early, and he decided to release his tax returns quickly.[293][295] The race turned to the Florida Republican primary, where in debates, appearances, and advertisements, Romney unleashed a concerted, unrelenting attack on Gingrich's past record and associations and current electability.[296][297] Romney enjoyed a big spending advantage from both his campaign and his aligned Super PAC, and after a record-breaking rate of negative ads from both sides, Romney won Florida on January 31, gaining 46 percent of the vote to Gingrich's 32 percent.[298]
There were several caucuses and primaries during February, and Santorum won three in a single night early in the month, propelling him into the lead in national and some state polls and positioning him as Romney's main rival.[299] Romney won the other five, including a closely fought contest in his home state of Michigan at the end of the month.[300][301] In the Super Tuesday primaries and caucuses of March 6, Romney won six of ten contests, including a narrow victory in Ohio over a greatly outspent Santorum, and although he failed to win decisively enough to end the race, still held a more than two-to-one edge over Santorum in delegates.[302] Romney maintained his delegate margin through subsequent contests,[303] and Santorum stopped his campaign on April 10.[304] Following a sweep of five more contests on April 24, the Republican National Committee put its resources behind Romney as the party's presumptive nominee.[305] Romney clinched a majority of the delegates with a win in the Texas primary on May 29.
Political positions and public perceptions[link]
For more details on specific Romney positions on many issues, see Political positions of Mitt Romney.
For much of his business career, Romney did not take public political positions.[306][307] While he had kept abreast of national politics during college,[33] and the circumstances of his father's presidential campaign loss would irk him for decades,[24] his early philosophical influences were often non-political, as during his missionary days when he read Napoleon Hill's pioneering self-help tome Think and Grow Rich, and encouraged his colleagues to do the same.[13][61] Until his 1994 U.S. Senate campaign, he was registered as an Independent.[46] In the 1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries, he voted for the Democratic former senator from Massachusetts, Paul Tsongas.[306][308]
In the 1994 Senate race, Romney aligned himself with Republican Massachusetts Governor William Weld, saying "I think Bill Weld's fiscal conservatism, his focus on creating jobs and employment and his efforts to fight discrimination and assure civil rights for all is a model that I identify with and aspire to."[309] As a gubernatorial candidate in 2002, and then initially as Governor of Massachusetts, he generally operated in the mold established by Weld and followed by Weld's two other Republican successors, Paul Cellucci and Jane Swift: restrain spending and taxing, be tolerant or permissive on social issues, protect the environment, be tough on crime, try to appear post-partisan.[308][310]
Later during his time as governor, Romney's position on abortion changed in conjunction with a similar change of position on stem cell research.[166][nb 19] Also during that time, his position or choice of emphasis on some aspects of gay rights,[nb 20] and some aspects of abstinence-only sex education,[nb 21] moved in a more conservative direction. The change in 2005 on abortion was the result of what he described as an epiphany experienced while investigating stem cell research issues.[166] He later said, "Changing my position was in line with an ongoing struggle that anyone has that is opposed to abortion personally, vehemently opposed to it, and yet says, 'Well, I'll let other people make that decision.' And you say to yourself, but if you believe that you're taking innocent life, it's hard to justify letting other people make that decision."[166]
This increased alignment with traditional conservatives on social issues coincided with Romney's becoming a candidate for the 2008 Republican nomination for President.[317][318] He joined the National Rifle Association and portrayed himself as a lifelong hunter.[nb 22] He downplayed the Massachusetts health care law,[21][308][318] became a convert on signing an anti-tax pledge,[61][21] and backed away from further closings of corporate tax loopholes.[160] There was a display of aggressiveness on foreign policy matters, such as wanting to double the number of detainees at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.[318] Skeptics, including some Republicans, charged Romney with opportunism and having a lack of core principles.[166][196][308] The fervor with which Romney adopted his new stances and attitudes contributed to the perception of inauthenticity which hampered that campaign.[61][262]
While there have been many biographical parallels between the lives of George and Mitt Romney,[nb 23] one particular difference is that while George was willing to defy political trends, Mitt has been much more willing to adapt to them.[21][23] Mitt Romney has said that learning from experience and changing views accordingly is a virtue, and that, "If you're looking for someone who's never changed any positions on any policies, then I'm not your guy."[324] Romney responded to criticisms of ideological pandering with the explanation that "The older I get, the smarter Ronald Reagan gets."[200]
Journalist Daniel Gross sees Romney as approaching politics in the same terms as a business competing in markets, in that successful executives do not hold firm to public stances over long periods of time, but rather constantly devise new strategies and plans to deal with new geographical regions and ever-changing market conditions.[308] Political profiler Ryan Lizza notes the same question regarding whether Romney's business skills can be adapted to politics, saying that "while giving customers exactly what they want may be normal in the corporate world, it can be costly in politics".[61] Writer Robert Draper holds a somewhat similar perspective: "The Romney curse was this: His strength lay in his adaptability. In governance, this was a virtue; in a political race, it was an invitation to be called a phony."[65] Writer Benjamin Wallace-Wells sees Romney as a detached problem solver rather than one who approaches political issues from a humanistic or philosophical perspective.[70] Journalist Neil Swidey views Romney as a political and cultural enigma, "the product of two of the most mysterious and least understood subcultures in the country: the Mormon Church and private-equity finance," and believes that has led to the continued interest in a 1983 episode in which Romney kept his family dog on the roof of his car during a long road trip.[nb 24] Political writer Joe Klein views Romney as actually more conservative on social issues than he portrayed himself during his Massachusetts campaigns and less conservative on other issues than his presidential campaigns have represented, and concludes that Romney "has always campaigned as something he probably is not."[328]
Immediately following the March 2010 passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Romney attacked the landmark legislation as "an unconscionable abuse of power" and said the act should be repealed.[329] The antipathy Republicans felt for it created a potential problem for the former governor, since the new federal law was in many ways similar to the Massachusetts health care reform passed during Romney's term; as one Associated Press article stated, "Obamacare ... looks a lot like Romneycare."[329] While acknowledging that his plan was an imperfect work in progress, Romney did not back away from it, and has consistently defended its underpinning state-level health insurance mandate.[329][330] He has focused on its bipartisan support in the state legislature, the absence of Congressional Republican support for Obama's plan,[329] and has contended that it was the right answer to Massachusetts' specific problems at the time.[329][331] While Romney has not explicitly argued for a federally imposed mandate, and as of 2010 explicitly opposes one, during his 1994 Senate campaign he indicated he would vote for an overall health insurance proposal that contained one.[332][333] He suggested during his time as governor and during his 2008 presidential campaign that the Massachusetts plan was a model for the nation and that, over time, mandate plans might be adopted by most or all of the nation.[334][335][336]
Romney's foreign policy views are rooted in a firm belief in American exceptionalism and the need to preserve American supremacy in the world.[257] This parallels the Mormon belief that the United States Constitution is divinely inspired and that the U.S. was selected by God to play a special part in human history.[337] Indeed, Romney's political beliefs regarding a limited role for government, a need for self-reliance, and requirements for welfare recipients, often reflect Mormon tenets adapted for the secular world.[337][338]
Throughout his business, Olympics, and political career, Romney's instinct has been to apply the "Bain way" towards problems.[65][318][339] Romney has said, "There were two key things I learned at Bain. One was a series of concepts for approaching tough problems and a problem-solving methodology; the other was an enormous respect for data, analysis, and debate."[339] He has written, "There are answers in numbers – gold in numbers. Pile the budgets on my desk and let me wallow."[61] Romney believes the Bain approach is not only effective in the business realm but also in running for office and, once there, in solving political conundrums such as proper Pentagon spending levels and the future of Social Security.[318][339] Former Bain and Olympics colleague Fraser Bullock has said of Romney, "He's not an ideologue. He makes decisions based on researching data more deeply than anyone I know."[25] Romney's technocratic instincts have thus always been with him; in his public appearances during the 2002 gubernatorial campaign he sometimes gave PowerPoint presentations rather than conventional speeches.[340] Upon taking office he became, in the words of The Boston Globe, "the state's first self-styled CEO governor".[138] During his 2008 presidential campaign, he constantly asked for data, analysis, and opposing arguments,[318] and has been decribed by Slate magazine as a potential "CEO president".[308]
Awards and honors[link]
Romney has received five honorary doctorates, including one in Business from the University of Utah in 1999,[341] in Law from Bentley College in 2002,[342] in Public Administration from Suffolk University Law School in 2004,[343] in Public Service from Hillsdale College in 2007,[344] and in Humanities from Liberty University in 2012.[345]
People magazine included him in its 50 Most Beautiful People list for 2002,[346] and in 2004, he received the inaugural Truce Ideal Award for his role in the 2002 Winter Olympics.[347] The Cranbrook School gave him their Distinguished Alumni Award in 2005.[19] In 2008 he shared with his wife Ann, the Canterbury Medal from The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, for "refus[ing] to compromise their principles and faith" during the presidential campaign.[348] In 2012 Romney was named to the Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world.[349]
Writings[link]
- With Timothy Robinson (2004). Turnaround: Crisis, Leadership, and the Olympic Games. Washington: Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89526-084-0.
- No Apology: The Case for American Greatness. New York: St. Martin's Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-312-60980-1.
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ He was called "Billy" until kindergarten, when he indicated a preference for "Mitt".[15]
- ^ Mitt's campaigning for his father included working the phone banks and appearing at county fairs where he manned a booth and exclaimed over a loudspeaker, "You should vote for my father for Governor. He's a truly great person. You've got to support him. He's going to make things better."[21]
- ^ Such pranks included sliding down golf courses on large ice cubes, dressing as a police officer and tapping on the car windows of teenage friends who were making out, and staging an elaborate formal dinner on the median of a busy street.[18][20] The golf course escapade apparently got Romney and Ann Davies arrested, or otherwise detained, by the local police.[24][25] Romney was also arrested in 1981 while at a family outing at Lake Cochituate in Massachusetts. According to Romney, a ranger from Cochituate State Park told him his motorboat had an insufficiently visible license number and he would face a $50 fine if he took the boat onto the lake. Disagreeing about the license and wanting to continue the outing, Romney took it out anyway, saying he would pay the fine. The angry officer then arrested him for disorderly conduct. The charges were dropped several days later after Romney threatened to sue the officer and the state for false arrest.[26]
- ^ a b When initially considering colleges after high school, Romney had not wanted to go to BYU.[43] He later recounted that he had planned to attend BYU to convince Ann to marry him, then the couple planned to transfer together back to Stanford, but in the end, they enjoyed BYU and decided to stay.[45]
- ^ Romney's great-grandfather, grandfather, father, and two uncles had been missionaries,[32] as had his older brother.[33] All five of Romney's sons later served as missionaries as well.[34]
- ^ a b On June 16, 1968, Romney was driving fellow missionaries on dangerous roads in southern France.[18][37][40] As they drove through the village of Bernos-Beaulac, a Mercedes that was passing a truck missed a curve and swerved into the opposite lane hitting the Citroën DS Romney was driving in a head-on collision.[18][41] Trapped between the steering wheel and door, the unconscious and seriously injured Romney had to be pried from the car; a French police officer mistakenly wrote Il est mort in his passport.[18][24][40] The wife of the mission president was killed and other passengers were seriously injured as well.[40] George Romney relied on his friend Sargent Shriver, the U.S. Ambassador to France, to go to the local hospital and discover that his son had survived.[24] Romney, who was not at fault in the accident,[33][40] had suffered broken ribs, a fractured arm, a concussion, and facial injuries, but recovered quickly without needing surgery.[37][40] The French police say that they have no records of the incident because such records are routinely destroyed after 10 years.[40]
- ^ Some sources incorrectly report that Romney graduated BYU as valedictorian. Romney himself has corrected this notion, saying that he was not. While he believes he did have the highest grade point average for his BYU years in the College of Humanities, he did not if his Stanford year was factored in, and he did not among the graduating class university-wide.[51][45]
- ^ Romney sat for the bar exam in his home state of Michigan in July 1975, passed it and was admitted to practice law there, but never worked as a lawyer and only considered in case his business career did not work out.[59]
- ^ One study of 68 deals that Bain Capital made during Romney's time there found that the firm lost money or broke even on 33 of them.[67] Another study that looked at the eight-year period following 77 deals during Romney's time found that in 17 cases the company went bankrupt or out of business, and in 6 cases Bain Capital lost all its investment. But 10 deals were very successful and represented 70 percent of the total profits.[72]
- ^ Kennedy spent $10.5 million overall, including a $1.5 million loan to himself.[117] This was the second-most expensive race of the 1994 election cycle, after the Dianne Feinstein–Michael Huffington Senate race in California.[118]
- ^ Official state figures for fiscal year 2005 (July 1, 2004 – June 30, 2005) declared a $594.4 million surplus.[138][156] For fiscal 2006, the surplus was $720.9 million.[156] During fiscal 2007, Romney cut $384 million in spending that the legislature wanted; in January 2007, midway through the fiscal year, incoming Governor Deval Patrick restored that amount,[157] and also declared that the state faced a "looming budget shortfall" of $1 billion for fiscal 2008.[158] Patrick consequently proposed a budget for fiscal 2008 that included $515 million in spending cuts and $295 million in new corporate taxes.[159] As it happened, the state ended fiscal 2007 with a $307.1 million deficit and fiscal 2008 with a $495.2 million deficit.[156]
- ^ Within four years, the Massachusetts law had achieved its primary goal of expanding coverage: in 2010, 98% of state residents had coverage, compared to a national average of 83%. Among children and seniors the 2010 coverage rate was even higher, 99.8% and 99.6% respectively. Approximately two-thirds of residents received coverage through employers; one-sixth each received it through Medicare or public plans.[173]
- ^ American political opinion periodically looked towards industry for business managers who it was thought could straighten out what was held to be wrong in the nation's capital. The track record of such efforts was at best mixed, with Lee Iacocca declining to run, Romney's father George and Steve Forbes failing to get far in the primaries, and Ross Perot staging one of the more successful third-party runs in American history.[197][198]
- ^ Regarding the role of Romney's religion in the 2008 campaign, one academic study, based upon research conducted throughout the 2008 primaries, showed that a negative perception of Mormonism was widespread during the election, and that perception was often resistant to factual information that would correct mistaken notions about the religion or Romney's relationship to it.[214] The authors concluded that, "For Romney ... religion is the central story."[214] Another study, analyzing a survey conducted during January 2008 (when an African American, a woman, and a Mormon all had realistic chances of becoming the first president from that group), found that voters had internally accepted the notion of black equality, paving the way for Barack Obama's election; had partially established but not fully internalized the notion of gender equality, making Hillary Rodham Clinton's task somewhat more difficult; but had only selectively internalized the notion of religious equality, and in particular not extended it to Mormons, thus making Romney's run significantly more difficult.[215] Those authors concluded that, "for a Mormon candidate, the road to the presidency remains very rough ... The bias against a Mormon candidate is substantial."[215]
- ^ Romney proposed a $20 billion "workout, not a bailout" of the U.S. auto industry. It was termed unrealistic or "pandering" by several news reports.[221][222][223][224]
- ^ Previously, Romney had proposed a private timetable for gradually reducing U.S. forces. McCain's statements regarding this were termed dishonest or misleading by several news reports.[226][227][228]
- ^ Following the August 2009 death of his past rival and sometime ally Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Romney declared that he had no interest in running in the special January 2010 election to replace him.[249] Romney was an early supporter of Scott Brown, the successful Republican candidate in that race. Some of Romney's former aides were used by Brown's campaign and Romney raised funds for Brown.[250][251]
- ^ After having attended the 2010 Winter Olympics, Romney and wife were on board an Air Canada plane waiting to take off on a flight from Vancouver to Los Angeles when he got into a physical altercation with Sky Blu, sitting in front of him, over Sky Blu's seat not being in the upright position. Romney said that Sky Blu became physically violent and that he did not retaliate, while Sky Blu said that Romney gave him a "Vulcan grip" first and that he responded physically to that. Sky Blu was escorted off the aircraft by Canadian police but Romney did not press charges and Sky Blu was released.[252][253][254]
- ^ During his 2002 campaign, Romney expressed support for embryonic stem cell research, and said he would lobby President Bush (who had banned most federal funding for such research) to support it. In early 2005, Romney announced his position on therapeutic cloning, saying he was against it – and vetoing a funding bill for stem cell research because it allowed it – but still in favor of research on unused embryos from fertility treatments. In early 2007, he said he was now against expanded federal funding for such excess embryo research (but still thought private funding for such research was ethical, to the dismay of some conservative Republicans).[311]
- ^ As described. While Romney has consistently rejected same-sex marriage throughout his political career, there was a rhetorical shift in emphasis during his time as governor. The shift culminated in Romney avoiding discussions about the protection of gays from bias and instead characterizing himself as a conservative stalwart in the battle against same-sex marriage and in support of heterosexual families. The shift is even greater if compared to Romney's pledges from his 1994 senatorial campaign.[312][313]
- ^ During his 2002 campaign, Romney said he backed age-appropriate, comprehensive sex education in public schools. In 2005, he accepted federal funding to a faith-based organization to teach abstinence-only education in public schools. Romney said such programs would supplement rather than replace existing ones, while opponents feared that funding pressure would lead to schools dropping comprehensive programs for the freely available abstinence-only ones.[314][315][316]
- ^ Romney joined the National Rifle Association as a life member in August 2006. In December 2007, he cited a past endorsement from them, which he later said was unofficial support.[21][206][319][320] In April 2007, he said, "I've been a hunter pretty much all my life," but then said he had only gone hunting twice and did not own guns, and "I'm not a big-game hunter. I've made that very clear. I've always been a rodent and rabbit hunter. Small varmints, if you will. I began when I was 15 or so and I have hunted those kinds of varmints since then. More than two times."[321]
- ^ Biographical parallels between George and Mitt Romney include: Both served as Mormon missionaries in Europe and considered the experiences formative. Both pursued high school sweethearts singlemindedly until the women agreed to marry them several years later, then had families with four or five children. Both had very successful careers in business and became known for turning around failing companies or organizations. Both presided over a stake in the LDS Church. Both achieved their first elected position at age 55, as Republican governor of a Democratic-leaning state. The two bear a close physical resemblance at similar ages and both have been said to "look like a president". Both staged their first presidential run in the year they turned 60. Both were considered suspect by ideological conservatives within the Republican Party.[21][322] There are also obvious differences in their paths, including that George had a hardscrabble upbringing while Mitt's was affluent, and that Mitt far exceeded George's accomplishments in formal education. Another is that Mitt's personality is more reserved, private, and controlled than his father's was, traits he got from his mother Lenore.[323]
- ^ In summer 1983, Romney and his family embarked on a 12-hour drive from Boston to his parents' cottage on the Canadian side of Lake Huron. Seamus, the family Irish setter, was put up on the station wagon's roof rack, inside a dog carrier with its own attached windshield, but after some hours the dog suffered gastrointestinal distress, evidence of which was readily seen on the rear window. With his five children loudly expressing revulsion, Romney calmly stopped off at a service station, hosed off the dog, carrier, and car, put the dog back in the carrier and completed the journey.[46][325] Since becoming public in 2007, the story has been the source of complaints from animal lovers, a point of psychological study regarding Romney's emotion-free crisis management, an obsession to New York Times columnist Gail Collins, and the occasional target of news stories, talk show hosts and political rivals.[325][206][326][327]
References[link]
- ^ Hosenball, Mark (May 29, 2012). "Romney's birth certificate evokes his father's controversy". Chicago Tribune. Reuters. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-05-29/news/sns-rt-us-usa-campaign-romney-birth-certificatebre84s1gf-20120529_1_george-romney-republican-mitt-romney-citizen.
- ^ Page, Susan (February 20, 2012). "Home sweet home? Michigan primary a challenge for Romney". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2012-02-17/michigan-primary-santorum-romney/53159656/1.
- ^ Kranish; Helman, The Real Romney, pp. 12–13.
- ^ Mahoney, The Story of George Romney, pp. 59–62, 63–65, 94–96, 104, 113, 159.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (December 18, 2007). "For Romney, a Course Set Long Ago". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/18/us/politics/18romney.html.
- ^ Miroff, Nick (July 21, 2011). "In besieged Mormon colony, Mitt Romney's Mexican roots". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-besieged-mormon-colony-mitt-romneys-mexican-roots/2011/07/21/gIQAFGOXVI_story.html.
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- ^ Mahoney, The Story of George Romney, pp. 52, 70.
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- ^ a b Swidey, Neil (January 8, 2012). "What our fascination with Mitt Romney's dog Seamus says about our culture". The Boston Globe. http://articles.boston.com/2012-01-08/news/30605151_1_romney-family-mitt-romney-dog.
- ^ "Mitt Romney and the dog on the car roof: one columnist's obsession". PolitiFact.com. September 8, 2011. http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2011/sep/13/gail-collins/mitt-romney-and-dog-car-roof-one-columnists-obsess/.
- ^ Moos, Jeanne (January 13, 2012). "Mitt Romney 'dog-on-the-roof' story appears in Newt Gingrich ad". CNN. KSDK. http://www.ksdk.com/news/article/296683/18/Mitt-Romney-dog-on-the-roof-story-appears-in-Newt-Gingrich-ad.
- ^ Klein, Joe (December 12, 2011). "Where is the Love?". Time: p. 31.
- ^ a b c d e Johnson, Glen (March 26, 2010). "Romneycare may come back to haunt Mitt on health issue". Deseret News. Associated Press (Salt Lake City). http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700019894/Romneycare-may-come-back-to-haunt-Mitt-on-health-issue.html.
- ^ Johnson, Glen (December 15, 2010). "Health Mandate Cases to Loom Over 2012 Romney Run". Associated Press. ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/m/story?id=12405439.
- ^ Issenberg, Sasha (March 30, 2010). "Romney defends Mass. health care law". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2010/03/30/romney_defends_massachusetts_health_care_law/.
- ^ Smith, Ben (April 19, 2010). "Blogger: Romney wants repeal, but not of mandate". Politico. http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0410/Blogger_Romney_wants_repeal_but_not_of_mandate.html.
- ^ Viser, Matt (May 12, 2011). "Romney support for individual mandate complicates health care politics". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2011/05/romney_support.html.
- ^ Appleby, Julie (July 5, 2005). "Mass. Gov. Romney's health care plan says everyone pays". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/health/2005-07-04-health-insurance-usat_x.htm.
- ^ Romano, Andrew (April 16, 2010). "If the Mitt Fits". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/2010/04/15/if-the-mitt-fits.html.
- ^ Sargent, Greg (May 11, 2011). "Flashback: Mitt Romney hoped for 'a nation that's taken a mandate approach'". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/post/flashback-mitt-romney-hoped-for-a-nation-with-a-mandate-approach/2011/03/03/AFPqVUqG_blog.html.
- ^ a b Kantor, Jodi (May 19, 2012). "Romney’s Faith, Silent but Deep". The New York Times: p. 1. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/20/us/politics/how-the-mormon-church-shaped-mitt-romney.html?_r=1&hp&pagewanted=all.
- ^ Bowman, Matthew (February 8, 2012). "President Romney, Compassionate Conservative? How Mormonism May Shape Mitt's Welfare Policies". The New Republic. http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/100490/mormon-romney-poverty-welfare-poor.
- ^ a b c Hewitt, A Mormon in the White House?, pp. 56–58.
- ^ Barone and Cohen, Almanac of American Politics 2004, p. 772.
- ^ Egan, Dan (April 9, 1999). "SLOC Boss Romney Will Give U. Commencement Address". The Salt Lake Tribune: p. B3.
- ^ "Mitt Romney Calls for Bentley College Graduates to 'Be American Heroes'" (Press release). Bentley College. May 1, 2002. http://newsroom.bentley.edu/press-release/mitt-romney-calls-bentley-college-graduates-be-american-heroes-0.
- ^ "Suffolk University to Award Eight Honorary Degrees" (Press release). Suffolk University. May 24, 2004. http://www.suffolk.edu/16089.html.
- ^ "Commencement 2007". Hillsdale College. http://www.hillsdale.edu/images/userImages/cclawson/Page_4889/PC_News_Summer07.pdf. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
- ^ Bible, Mitzi (May 12, 2012). "Commencement 2012: Paying tribute to Liberty’s heritage, God's blessings". Liberty University. http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=55432.
- ^ "Mitt Romney: Politician". People. May 13, 2002. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20137022,00.html.
- ^ Pane, Lisa Marie (February 13, 2006). "Romney looks ahead, back in Olympics visit". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. http://www.boston.com/sports/other_sports/olympics/articles/2006/02/13/romney_looks_ahead_back_in_olympics_visit/?page=all.
- ^ Roche, Lisa Riley (May 10, 2008). "Romney honored for 'Defense of Religious Liberty'". Deseret News (Salt Lake City). http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,700224763,00.html.
- ^ Mayer, Marissa (April 18, 2012). "The 100 Most Influential People in the World". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112000,00.html.
Bibliography[link]
- Balz, Dan; Johnson, Haynes (2009). The Battle for America, 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election. New York: Viking Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-02111-6.
- Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. (2004) (paperback). The Almanac of American Politics 2004. Washington: National Journal Group. ISBN 978-0-89234-106-1.
- Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. (2006). The Almanac of American Politics 2006. Washington: National Journal Group. ISBN 978-0-89234-111-5.
- Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. (2008) (paperback). The Almanac of American Politics 2008. Washington: National Journal Group. ISBN 978-0-89234-116-0.
- Canellos, Peter S. (ed.) and The Team at The Boston Globe (2009). The Last Lion: The Fall and Rise of Ted Kennedy. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-3817-5.
- Clymer, Adam (1999). Edward M. Kennedy: A Biography. New York: Wm. Morrow & Company. ISBN 978-0-688-14285-8.
- Heilemann, John; Halperin, Mark (2010). Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-173363-5.
- Hersh, Burton (1997). The Shadow President: Ted Kennedy in Opposition. South Royalton, Vermont: Steerforth Press. ISBN 978-1-883642-30-3.
- Hewitt, Hugh (2007). A Mormon in the White House?: 10 Things Every American Should Know About Mitt Romney. Washington: Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59698-502-5.
- Kranish, Michael; Helman, Scott (2012). The Real Romney. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-212327-5.
- Mahoney, Tom (1960). The Story of George Romney: Builder, Salesman, Crusader. New York: Harper & Brothers. OCLC 236830.
- Thomas, Evan (2009). "A Long Time Coming": The Inspiring, Combative 2008 Campaign and the Historic Election of Barack Obama. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-607-5.
Further reading[link]
- Foster, Craig (2008). A Different God?: Mitt Romney, the Religious Right, and the Mormon Question. Draper, Utah: Greg Kofford Books. ISBN 978-1-58958-117-3.
- Hines, Phillip (2012). Mitt Romney in His Own Words. New York: Threshold Editions. ISBN 978-1-4516-8780-4.
- Scott, Ronald B. (2011). Mitt Romney: An Inside Look at the Man and His Politics. Guilford, Connecticut: Lyons Press. ISBN 978-0-7627-7927-7.
- Turner, Lisa Ray; Field, Kimberly (2007). Mitt Romney: The Man, His Values, and His Vision. Silverton, Idaho: Mapletree Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60065-109-0.
External links[link]
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- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
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- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
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| Business positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| New office | Chief Executive Officer of Bain Capital 1984–1999 |
Succeeded by Joshua Bekenstein |
| Preceded by Bill Bain |
Chief Executive Officer of Bain & Company Acting 1991–1992 |
Succeeded by Steve Ellis as Worldwide Managing Director |
| Succeeded by Orit Gadiesh as Chairman of the Board |
||
| Sporting positions | ||
| Preceded by Makoto Kobayashi |
President of Organizing Committee for Winter Olympic Games 2002 |
Succeeded by Valentino Castellani |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Jane Swift Acting |
Governor of Massachusetts 2003–2007 |
Succeeded by Deval Patrick |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Joe Malone |
Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (Class 3) 1994 |
Succeeded by Jack Robinson |
| Preceded by Paul Cellucci |
Republican nominee for Governor of Massachusetts 2002 |
Succeeded by Kerry Healey |
| Preceded by John McCain |
Republican Party presidential candidate Presumptive 2012 |
Most recent |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Romney, Willard Mitt |
| Alternative names | Romney, Mitt |
| Short description | American politician |
| Date of birth | March 12, 1947 |
| Place of birth | Detroit, Michigan, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Ted Nugent | |
|---|---|
 Nugent in concert in Naples, Italy, June 1, 2004 |
|
| Background information | |
| Also known as | The Nuge, Motor City Madman, Uncle Ted |
| Born | (1948-12-13) December 13, 1948 (age 63) Redford, Michigan, U.S. |
| Genres | Rock, hard rock |
| Occupations | Musician |
| Instruments | Guitar, vocals, bass guitar |
| Years active | 1958–present |
| Associated acts | The Amboy Dukes, Damn Yankees, Damnocracy |
| Website | www.tednugent.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| Gibson Byrdland | |
Theodore Anthony "Ted" Nugent (
/tɛd ˈnuːdʒɨnt/; born December 13, 1948) is an American musician. From Detroit, Michigan, he gained fame as the lead guitarist of The Amboy Dukes before embarking on a solo career. He is noted for his conservative political views and his defense of hunting and gun ownership rights.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Nugent was born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Marion Dorothy (née Johnson) and Warren Henry Nugent.[1][2] Nugent's father was an Army staff sergeant, and he was raised in a very strict household.[3] He moved to Palatine, Illinois, as a teenager, and has two brothers: John and Jeffrey. Raised Catholic, Nugent has mentioned his ties with the Christian faith many times during interviews, and has stated that he regularly attends church. He attended St. Viator High School in Arlington Heights, IL.
Career[link]
Nugent has released more than 34 albums and has sold a career total of 30 million records. He was known throughout his early career in the 1970s for using Fender amps, a large part of his signature sound, and for playing the hollow-body Gibson Byrdland guitar.
Performing since 1958,[4] Nugent has been touring annually since 1967, averaging more than 300 shows per year (1967–73), 200 per year (1974–80), 150 (1981–89), 127 concerts in 1990, 162 concerts in 1991, 150 concerts in 1993, 180 in 1994, 166 in 1995, 81 in 1996, Summer Blitz '97, '98, Rock Never Stops '99, 133 concerts with KISS 2K. Nugent's 2005 plans involved a tour with country music singer-songwriter Toby Keith, whom Nugent met in Iraq while they were both performing in USO-sponsored shows for the coalition troops.[citation needed] Nugent toured with local Detroit musician Alex Winston during the summers of 2007 and 2008.[5]
On July 4, 2008, at the DTE Energy Music Theater in Clarkston, Michigan, Ted Nugent played his 6,000th concert.[4] Derek St. Holmes (original singer for the Ted Nugent band), Johnny Bee Badanjek (drummer for Mitch Ryder and The Detroit Wheels), and Nugent's guitar teacher from 1958 Joe Podorsek all jammed on stage with Nugent for various tunes.
Amboy Dukes[link]
His first edition of The Amboy Dukes played at The Cellar, a teen dance club outside of Chicago in Arlington Heights, Illinois, starting in late 1965, while Nugent was a student at St. Viator High School. The Cellar's "house band" at the time had been the Shadows of Knight, although the Amboy Dukes eventually became a staple until the club's closing.[6]
The Amboy Dukes' second single was "Journey to the Center of the Mind", which featured lyrics written by the Dukes' second guitarist Steve Farmer. Nugent, an ardent anti-drug campaigner, has always claimed that he had no idea that this song was about drug use.[7] The Amboy Dukes (1967), Journey to the Center of the Mind (1968) and Migration (1969) — all recorded on the Mainstream label — sold moderately well. On April 4, 1968, Nugent along with a group of musicians paid tribute to Martin Luther King by having a folk, rock and blues jam session. Joni Mitchell played first, followed by Buddy Guy and Jimi Hendrix. Other musicians who participated were BB King and Al Kooper.[8]
After settling down on a ranch in Michigan in 1973, Nugent signed a record deal with Frank Zappa's DiscReet Records label and recorded Call of the Wild. The following year, Tooth Fang & Claw (which contained the song "Great White Buffalo") established a fan base for Nugent and the other Amboy Dukes. Personnel changes nearly wrecked the band, which became known as Ted Nugent & the Amboy Dukes. Nugent reunited with the other members of the Amboy Dukes at the 2009 Detroit Music Awards, which took place April 17, 2009. The psychedelic band received a distinguished achievement honor at the event. The Dukes also played together at the ceremony, marking their first public performance in more than 30 years.[7] The Amboy Dukes were voted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends online Hall of Fame in 2008.[9]
Solo career[link]
Main article: Ted Nugent discography
Nugent dropped the Amboy Dukes band name for good in 1975, and signed to Epic Records. Derek St. Holmes (guitar, vocals), Rob Grange (bass) and Clifford Davies (drums) were the primary additional band members for his 1970s multi-platinum[10] albums: Ted Nugent (1975), Free-for-All (1976) and Cat Scratch Fever (1977). These albums produced the popular radio anthems "Hey Baby", "Stranglehold", "Dog Eat Dog", and "Cat Scratch Fever". It was during these three years that Nugent emerged as a guitar hero to hard rock fans, many of whom were unaware of his lengthy apprenticeship with the Amboy Dukes.[11] This band lineup toured extensively, also releasing the multi-platinum live album Double Live Gonzo!, until its breakup in 1978 when St. Holmes and Grange departed. St. Holmes was replaced by Charlie Huhn and Grange by Dave Kiswiney. Davies left around 1982 after staying on to record Weekend Warriors (1978), State of Shock (1979), Scream Dream (1980) and Intensities in 10 Cities (1981).
On July 8, 1979, Ted was on the rock radio program King Biscuit Flower Hour. This was the original broadcast of Ted's performance of Live at Hammersmith '79 which had been recorded during the second set of a night at London's Hammersmith Odeon in 1979. An album of this program was released in 1997.
During this era, Nugent was notable for his declarations that he did not drink alcoholic beverages or smoke tobacco or marijuana. In an interview for VH1's Behind The Music, Nugent said this was due to his father's having reprimanded him when he came home smelling of alcohol after a night of drinking. Nugent has been cited as an influence on the straight edge movement, which disavows drinking and recreational drug use.[12]
Influences[link]
Nugent has been praised for his playing style, and is cited as an influence by many other hard rock and heavy metal musicians. Nugent has cited his own musical influences as Vanilla Fudge, Jeff Beck, Chuck Berry, The Kinks, Jimmy Page, The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, The Yardbirds, Bo Diddley, Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Steppenwolf, Mitch Ryder & the Detroit Wheels, The Animals, Little Richard, MC5, Frank Zappa, and Muddy Waters.
Damn Yankees[link]
File:Nuge2.JPG
Ted Nugent live in 2007
During the period of 1982-89, Nugent released a series of moderately successful solo albums. In 1989, he formed the supergroup Damn Yankees, with Jack Blades (bass/vocals, formerly of Night Ranger), Tommy Shaw (guitar/vocals, formerly of Styx) and Michael Cartellone (drums). Damn Yankees (1990) was a hit, going multi-platinum in the U.S., thanks in no small part to the smash hit power ballad "High Enough". The video for this song featured Nugent in a priest's collar, and later in a zebra-striped cape during the guitar solo. It also saw the first appearance of his 'WhackMaster' hat.
Back to solo[link]
Returning to a solo career, Nugent released Spirit of the Wild in 1995, his best-reviewed album in quite some time. The album also marked the return of Derek St. Holmes to Nugent's studio band. A series of archival releases also came out in the 1990s, keeping Nugent's name in the national consciousness. He also began hosting a radio show in Detroit on WWBR-FM ("102.7 The Bear, Detroit's Rock Animal") and took ownership in several hunting-related businesses. He created TV shows for several networks; Wanted: Ted or Alive on Versus, Ted Nugent Spirit of the Wild on PBS and The Outdoor Channel, as well as Surviving Nugent and Supergroup-Damnocracy on VH1. In 2006, Nugent was inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame as a solo artist.[13]
Ted Nugent appears on David Crowder Band's 2007 release, Remedy, playing guitar on the song "We Won't Be Quiet".[14] He announced his "Trample the Weak, Hurdle the Dead" tour on April 21, 2010.[15]
On March 14, 2011, Nugent released a new song, "I Still Believe", as a free download via his website to subscribers to his news letter. Nugent says of the song: "America is a target-rich environment for an independent man addicted to logic, truth and The American Way. 'I Still Believe' throttles the animal spirit of rugged individualism in pure MotorCity ultra high-energy rhythm and blues and rock and roll."[16][17] In April 2011 Nugent announced that former frontman Derek St. Holmes would be joining his band for Nugent's I Still Believe Tour.[18]
Media appearances[link]
Reality programming[link]
Nugent starred in his own outdoors television show named after his popular song "Spirit of the Wild". The song was the theme music to the TV series in which Nugent took viewers on a variety of wild game hunts using his bow. In the series he teaches and advises hunters and "hands-on" conservationists around the world on the different aspects of hunting and politics, and informs the public on the importance of getting children away from the TV and video games and getting them out beyond the pavement in order to better their lives.[19]
In 2003, he was host of the VH1 reality television program Surviving Nugent in which city dwellers such as model Tila Tequila moved to Nugent's Michigan ranch in order to survive such "backwoods" activities as building an outhouse and skinning a boar. The success of the two-hour show spawned a four-part miniseries in 2004 entitled Surviving Nugent: The Ted Commandments. This time it was filmed on Nugent's ranch in China Spring, Texas. During filming, Nugent injured himself with a chainsaw, requiring 44 stitches and a leg brace.
In 2003, Nugent also guested on the VH1 program Forever Wild, hosted by Sebastian Bach (former lead vocalist for the band Skid Row). They shot some firearms and walked around Nugent's cabin in the woods. Two years later he hosted a reality-type show, Wanted: Ted or Alive on OLN (now the sports channel 'Versus') where contestants competed for money as well as for opportunities to go hunting with "Uncle Ted." The contestants had to kill and clean their own food to survive.
In 2006, he appeared on VH1's reality show SuperGroup, with Scott Ian (Anthrax, guitar), Evan Seinfeld (Biohazard, bass), Sebastian Bach (ex-Skid Row, vocals) and Jason Bonham (Bonham, UFO, Foreigner, drums). The name of the supergroup was originally FIST but later was changed to Damnocracy. Bach had lobbied for the name Savage Animal. Captured on film by VH1 was a rare Nugent duet with guitarist Joe Bonamassa at the Sand Dollar Blues Room for a 45-minute blues jam. He starred in another reality show for CMT in August 2009. The show, entitled Runnin' Wild ... From Ted Nugent, featured Nugent instructing competitors in the art of survival; the competitors had to use those skills in challenges in which they were hunted down by Nugent.[20]
In 2008, Ted Nugent was on the episode Southwest Road Trip Special of Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations, where he spoke against obesity and public health care.[21][22]
Also in 2009, he played guitar at The Alamo for a Tax Day Tea Party hosted by Glenn Beck and Fox News. Most notable in his set was a version of "The Star-Spangled Banner" in which he used alternate picking and whammy bar effects. The clip and sound bite of this is played extensively on Fox News as well as on The Glenn Beck Program.
Acting[link]
In 1976 Nugent was in the documentary Demon Lover Diary, about the making of the John Dods' horror/comedy movie My Demon Lover. He is shown supplying real guns for the making of My Demon Lover, as the crew films at Nugent's house.
In 1986, he guest starred in an episode of the hit television show Miami Vice entitled "Definitely Miami". Nugent played a villain. His song "Angry Young Man" was featured in the episode. His song "Little Miss Dangerous" was also featured on a Miami Vice episode of the same name, although he did not appear in the episode.
In 2001, Nugent appeared as himself in a third season episode of That '70s Show entitled "Backstage Pass". Donna Pinciotti (Laura Prepon), who works for radio station WFPP, obtains tickets to the upcoming Ted Nugent concert for the entire gang. Following the concert, her boss Max (Howard Hesseman) gives Donna a backstage pass to meet Nugent, where he volunteers to sit for an interview. Meanwhile, Steven Hyde (Danny Masterson) and Fez (Wilmer Valderama) try to sell unauthorized concert t-shirts accidentally spelled Tad Nugent.
Also in 2001, Nugent appeared as himself in the second episode of the short-lived university campus FOX comedy series, Undeclared. In the episode "Full Bluntal Nugety", Nugent is a guest at the university, there to speak on his favorite topics, mainly hunting and gun control. This is where new student Steven Karp (Jay Baruchel) takes his love interest Lizzie (Carla Gallo) on their first date. Karp tries to heckle Nugent during his speech in an attempt to impress Lizzie, with disastrous results. FOX didn't like the idea of Nugent and his political views appearing on this show, so the episode was re-shot and re-edited as "Oh, So You Have a Boyfriend?" which aired without any Ted Nugent content whatsoever. The complete "Full Bluntal Nugety (Director's Cut)" episode is available in its entirety, in the Undeclared DVD box set, including some extra Ted Nugent scenes that had been deleted.
He made a guest appearance on the cult television series Aqua Teen Hunger Force, in the episode "Gee Whiz", on Adult Swim. Locals believe to have seen the face of Jesus in a billboard, and they mention how it looks like Ted Nugent. Throughout the episode they think it's Jesus' face, but at the end they discover it was in fact Nugent's. He proceeds to shoot a flaming explosive arrow at Carl (mistaking him for a "varmint"). Ted also appeared on Seth MacFarlane's Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy when he kills the Ghost of Christmas Past and serves him to guests for dinner.
In 2007, Nugent appeared in the music video for Nickelback's "Rockstar", and in 2008 he played a key role in the Toby Keith movie Beer For My Horses as the quiet deputy named Skunk.
In 2007, Nugent debated The Simpsons producer Sam Simon on the Howard Stern Show about the ethics of hunting animals. Coincidentally, he would later lend his voice to an over-the-phone appearance in the season 19 episode of The Simpsons, "I Don't Wanna Know Why the Caged Bird Sings", where, in a humorous jab at his political stance, inmate Dwight picks up his call for voting no to the fictional Proposition 87, which bans crossbows in public schools. As part of his pre-recorded message, Nugent asks "If we outlaw crossbows in our public schools, who's going to protect our children from charging elk?".[23]
In 2012, Nugent appeared on the January 8th Episode of The Simpsons as himself.
Other media appearances[link]
Attracting attention for his outspoken statements on issues ranging from guns to biodiversity, Nugent has been a regular guest on such programs as Larry King Live, The Howard Stern Show, and Politically Incorrect.
In 1978 Ted Nugent appeared on the Midnight Special as host and a performer. Season 7, Episode 8, Aired Nov 24, 1978
In 1980 Ted Nugent appeared on Fridays as the musical guest. He performed "Paralyzed" and "Scream Dream"' Oct. 24, 1980.
In 1991, he guest-starred on the PBS science show Newton's Apple in a short comedic feature called Science of the Rich and Famous in which he demonstrates and explains the phenomenon of electric guitar feedback. On March 13, 2007, Nugent was interviewed on ABC's Jimmy Kimmel Live and performed the songs "Cat Scratch Fever" and "Rawdogs and Warhogs".
On April 15, 2009, Nugent appeared onstage with his guitar in San Antonio as part of Glenn Beck's coverage of the Tax Day Tea Party protests on the Fox News Channel. He hosted the show with Glenn Beck, and played music for the protestors at the Alamo. He made an appearance in Guitar Hero: World Tour As part of the solo guitar career, the player engages in a guitar duel with Nugent, after which the song "Stranglehold" is unlocked and Dirty Nuge becomes available as a playable character.
Nugent was interviewed on the The Alex Jones Show July 30, 2008 about his new book "Ted, White, and Blue: The Nugent Manifesto" (2008).[24][25] On July 9, 2010 Ted was again interviewed by Alex Jones and he criticized the latest policies issued by the Obama Administration and the Supreme Court concerning gun policy. He claimed that rejecting the idea of the right to self-defense being expressed in the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, which Nugent called "gun control" policies, are most likely to destroy the American society. Nugent also claimed similar policies were the cause of the downfall of every society in human history.[26]
Nugent appeared on Penn and Teller's BS episode on P.E.T.A
Nugent was portrayed on the January 8, 2012 episode of The Simpsons entitled "Politically Inept, with Homer Simpson."
Personal life[link]
In the late 1990s, Nugent began writing for various magazines. He has written for more than 20 publications and is the author of New York Times Best Seller God, Guns and Rock 'n' Roll (July 2000), Kill It and Grill It (2002) (co-authored with his wife, Shemane), BloodTrails II: The Truth About Bowhunting (2004), and "Ted, White, and Blue: The Nugent Manifesto" (2008).
In 1996 Nugent joined the WWBR-FM air staff. The Ted Nugent Morning Show on 102.7 FM in Detroit was a success. He and co-host Steve Black (now host of the syndicated radio show Chop Shop and Chop Shop Classic) often shocked Detroit with their opinions.
Nugent is a fan of the Detroit Pistons. He wore a Pistons shirt in the Damn Yankees music video for "Come Again". He is also a fan of the Dallas Cowboys and attends many games with his children and grandchildren.
Family[link]
He has had two wives and has eight children, including three out of wedlock in two liaisons almost 30 years apart. In the late 1960s, prior to his first marriage, Nugent fathered a boy, Ted (Mann) and a girl, whom he gave up for adoption in infancy. This did not become public knowledge until 2010. The siblings were adopted separately and had no contact with one another. The son learned the identity of his birth father in 2010 through the daughter's quest to make contact with him and their birth parents. According to a news report, Nugent over the years had discussed the existence of these children with his other children.[27]
In 2005 Nugent was involved in a legal battle for not paying enough child support for a child he had out of wedlock in 1995.[28] It was finally resolved when Nugent was ordered to pay $3,500 in child support.[29]
He was married to his first wife, Sandra Jezowski, from 1970 to 1979. They had three children, son Theodore Tobias "Toby" Nugent, and daughters Sasha and Starr Nugent. Sandra died in a car crash in 1982. His second marriage was to Shemane Deziel, whom he met while a guest on Detroit's WLLZ-FM, where she was a member of the news staff. They married on January 21, 1989. Together they have two children, son Rocco Winchester Nugent, and daughter Chantal Nugent.
In 1978, Nugent began a relationship with seventeen-year-old Hawaii native Pele Massa. Due to the age difference they could not marry so Nugent joined Massa's parents in signing documents to make himself her legal guardian, an arrangement that Spin magazine ranked in October 2000 as #63 on their list of the "100 Sleaziest Moments in Rock".[30][31]
Hearing loss[link]
Nugent also suffers from hearing loss. A November 2005 Rolling Stone article noted Nugent, among others, has publicly acknowledged hearing problems.[32] "The ear's not too good, especially with background noise", he said in a 2007 interview. "[But] that's a small price to pay. Believe me the journey was worth it."[33]
Activism[link]
Drugs and alcohol stances[link]
Since the early 1990s Nugent has become both popular and criticized for his conservative beliefs and his anti-drug and anti-alcohol stances. He is a national spokesman for the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) program, advocating the "natural highs" to be found in an outdoor lifestyle.
Concealed Carry Weapon (CCW) law[link]
Nugent is a strong advocate of the right to bear arms. When interviewed by Texas Monthly editor Evan Smith in season 5 of TexasMonthlyTalks he said, "I would rather that [a victim of violent crime] in Massachusetts last month who was taking her daughter to soccer when they were carjacked by a recidivist maggot, who had been in the prison system all his life but was let out again because we feel sorry for him, maybe he had a bad childhood. Instead of her being hijacked and murdered, I'd rather she just shot the bastard dead... But in Massachusetts, somebody decided she can't do that. So she's dead. I would rather she was alive and the carjacker was dead."[34]
Nugent currently serves on the Board of Directors of the National Rifle Association (NRA).[35][36]
Conflicts with animal rights groups[link]
Nugent once said in an interview, “I'm stymied to come up with anything funnier than people who think animals have rights. Just stick an arrow through their lungs.”[37] In 2000, Bhaskar Sinha was jailed briefly following an incident outside a department store in San Francisco in which he threatened and physically assaulted Nugent, who in turn took Sinha into custody until San Francisco Police arrived and arrested the protester. However, protesters claim that Nugent started the altercation by spitting in one of the protester's faces when he was offered an anti-fur flyer.[38]
Nugent has reported receiving death threats against him and his family from animal rights activists. On the Penn & Teller's Bullshit! episode about People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), Nugent claimed, "We've got reports and files with law enforcement across America where left-wing animal rights extremists are on record threatening to kill my children on the way to school because we eat pheasant." In 2006 he stated in an interview that "anyone who thinks hunting is terrible can kiss my ass."[39]
In a 1992 radio interview, Nugent referred to Heidi Prescott of the Fund for Animals as a "worthless whore" and a "shallow slut," asking "who needs to club a seal, when you can club Heidi?" He was ordered by a court to pay Prescott $75,000.[40]
Nugent owns a hunting ranch near Jackson, Michigan, called Sunrize Acres. Anti-hunters claim this fenced facility offers "canned" hunts. Nugent has said, "I understand the criticism from those who say canned hunting violates the ethic of fair chase," though he still operates the facility, and refers to it as "high fence hunting". Nugent was interviewed in October 2011 by Field & Stream magazine regarding "canned" hunts.[41] At Sunrize Acres he personally guides customers on a hunt for trophy bull bison ($5,000), Russian boar, or white-tailed deer ($1,000 each).[42]
The band Goldfinger released a song called "FTN", which is critical of Ted Nugent.[43]
Criminal convictions[link]
In September 2009, Nugent embarked on a hunt near Somerset, El Dorado County, California. He was accompanied by a guide and a cameraman, filming for his Outdoor Channel show "Spirit of the Wild." The video taken appeared in an episode of the show first broadcast on February 9, 2010. California Fish and Game wardens who watched the broadcast noticed that it showed Nugent killing a very young buck which had been attracted by commercial bait. Both the killing of such a young deer and the use of bait are crimes under California state law. On August 13, 2010, he pled no contest in Yuba County to two misdemeanors: illegally baiting a deer, and failing to have a deer tag signed by a government official after a kill. He was fined USD $1,750 by the court and is banned from hunting in California until June 2012. In April 2012 Nugent signed a plea bargaining agreement to plead guilty to two misdemeanors for illegally taking a bear after shooting one earlier at a bait station. He will be fined $10,000, banned from hunting in Alaska and on Federal land for one year and must complete two years on federal probation.[44]
Politics[link]
In 2007 and 2008, during a period of years when he publicly speculated about running for governor of Michigan, Nugent singled out prominent Democratic politicians with violent or vulgar rhetoric or gestures. At a concert on August 21, 2007, Nugent made controversial comments about Democratic Party presidential aspirants Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton and California's senators Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein. He complained, "Obama's a piece of shit, and I told him to suck on my machine gun."[45][46] Referring to Michigan governor Jennifer Granholm (in office 2003-11), during performances he would frequently interject "Jennifer Granholm, kiss my ass" into his songs, and shoot an arrow at her likeness. In a 2007 interview, in discussing running for governor of Michigan, he stated that Granholm "is not doing an ugly job, but as the perfect woman, she is scrotumless".[47]
Although Nugent has never run for government office, in the 2000s (decade), he publicly speculated about doing so on several occasions. In May 2005, he announced he was "getting real close to deciding to run" for governor of Michigan in 2006, while in 2007, he talked about running for that office in 2010. During the latter period, he stated, "Michigan was once a great state. Michigan was a state that rewarded the entrepreneur and the most productive, work-ethic families of the state. Now the pimps and the whores and the welfare brats are basically the state's babies."[33] Earlier, Nugent had been rumored to be under consideration by the Illinois Republican Party as its candidate in that state's 2004 Senate race, given his roots in Palatine, Illinois.[48] In July 2008, Nugent declared "I was serious when I threatened to run for office in the past if I cannot find a candidate who respects the U.S. Constitution and our sacred Bill of Rights."[49] When asked by Imagineer magazine in a 2010 interview about what he would do if elected to political office, he responded: "Slash the living hell out of the waste and corruption and the outrageous army of do-nothing bureaucrats. I would fire every government worker whose job I would deem to be redundant and wasteful. No able-bodied human being would ever get a handout again."[50]
Nugent is a fervent supporter of Republican Party politicians.[51] On July 17, 2008, during the presidential election season, shortly before the Republican presidential nominating convention, however, he stated that front-runner John McCain was "catering to a growing segment of soulless Americans who care less what they can do for their country, but whine louder and louder about what their country must do for them. That is both un-American and pathetic".[52] He was a weekly contributor to the newspaper, the Waco Tribune-Herald until 2009.[53][dead link] He has been a special deputy sheriff in Lake County, Michigan since 1982 and he also has been a reserve deputy constable in McLennan County, Texas.
At a 2009 West Virginia rally sponsored in part by Massey Energy, Nugent "defended mountaintop removal mining," according to reporters on the scene. "On behalf of the Nugent family, I say, start up the bulldozers and get me some more coal, Massey," Nugent was recorded as saying.[54]
During an interview with Piers Morgan, Nugent denied that he considered himself homophobic, saying "I’m repulsed at the concept of man-on-man sex, I think it’s against nature. I think it’s strange as hell, but if that’s what you are I love you. I’m not going to judge another’s morals. I say live and let live. I have friends that are gay."[55][56] As a reward for entertaining US troops in Iraq in 2004, he visited Saddam Hussein's war room. "It was a glorious moment. It looked like something out of Star Wars. I saw his gold toilet. I shat in his bidet."[57] Nugent also said: "Our failure has been not to Nagasaki them."[57]
Nugent was initially scheduled to speak at Glenn Beck's "Restoring Honor" rally on August 28, 2010, but subsequently cancelled due to a scheduling conflict.[58]
At a Republican event in February, 2012, Nugent said, "The whole world sucks, but America still sucks less," followed by, "But with this administration, we are catching up."[59]
On March 2, 2012, Nugent endorsed Mitt Romney for president.[60]
In a Romney stump speech at the 2012 NRA Convention in St. Louis, Nugent said, "If Barack Obama becomes the president in November, again, I will either be dead or in jail by this time next year." He also compared the Obama administration to coyotes who needed to be shot, and encouraged voters to "chop [Democrats'] heads off in November."[61] Nugent received a visit from the Secret Service for these remarks.[62] Following these comments, commanders at Fort Knox opted not to allow him to perform at a previously scheduled event with REO Speedwagon and Styx. [63]
Military[link]
In 2006, an interviewer from the British newspaper The Independent questioned Nugent about a 1977 interview in High Times magazine[64] in which Nugent admitted taking elaborate steps to avoid the Vietnam draft.[57] In the interview Nugent says, contrary to the story in High Times, that "I had a 1Y [student deferment]. I enrolled at Oakland Community College.". However, the Selective Service classification for student deferment is actually 2-S, and medical deferment is 1-Y. A copy of Nugent's Selective Service record shows that he had at separate times both a 1-Y medical deferment and 2-S student deferment, .[65] "... if I would have gone over there, I'd have been killed, or I'd have killed, or I'd kill all the hippies in the foxholes ... I would have killed everybody," he told the Detroit Free Press in an interview published July 15, 1990."
Tours[link]
- Little Miss Dangerous Tour 1986
- Summer Blitz Tour 1997
- 1998 Tour
- Rock Never Stops Tour 1999
- Remember The Alamo Tour 2005
- Unleash The Beast Tour 2006
- Unleash The Nuge Beast Killer Rock Tour 2007
- Rolling Thunder Tour 2008
- Trample The Weak, Hurdle The Dead Tour 2010
- I Still Believe Tour 2011
- Great White Buffalo Tour 2012
Discography[link]
Main article: Ted Nugent discography
Published books[link]
- Nugent, Ted. Blood Trails: The Truth About Bowhunting Ted Nugent (1991) ISBN B0006ORP2G (146 pages)
- Nugent, Ted. God, Guns & Rock and Roll. Regnery Publishing, Inc. (August 21, 2000) ISBN 0-89526-173-1 (316 pages)
- Nugent, Ted. Blood Trails II: The Truth About Bowhunting. Woods N' Water Inc. (November 12, 2004) ISBN 0-9722804-7-2 (256 pages)
- Nugent, Ted and Nugent, Shemane. Kill It & Grill It: A Guide to Preparing and Cooking Wild Game and Fish. Regnery Publishing, Inc. (June 25, 2005) ISBN 0-89526-164-2 (250 pages)
- Nugent, Ted. Ted, White, and Blue: The Nugent Manifesto . Regnery Publishing Inc. (November 12, 2008) ISBN 978-1-59698-555-1 (256 pages)
Articles[link]
- Nugent, Ted (March 13, 2001). "Cat Scratch Thiever: Hey Napster, get your greasy paws off my intellectual property.". The Wall Street Journal. http://www.tednugent.com/news/newsDetails.aspx?PostID=917643. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
References[link]
- ^ Nugent, Ted (2010). Ted, White, and Blue: The Nugent Manifesto. Regnery Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 1-59698-605-0.
- ^ "TedNugent.com". TedNugent.com. http://www.tednugent.com/news/newsDetails.aspx?PostID=223. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "Ted Nugent". Answers.com. http://www.answers.com/topic/ted-nugent.
- ^ a b MccCollum, Brian (3 July 2008). "Brian McCollum's Big Gigs". Detroit Free Press.
- ^ "Music - Interview with Teenaged Rocker Alex Winston". Thedetroiter.com. 2006-08-30. http://www.thedetroiter.com/b_music/blogs/index.php?blog=2&title=interview_with_teenaged_rocker_alex_wins&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
- ^ "Ted, White, and Blue: Nugent Recalls Some Career Milestones." Retrieved 2008-11-30.
- ^ a b Graff, Gary. "Ted Nugent reuniting Amboy Dukes for Detroit event"
- ^ "Joni Mitchell's Chronology of Appearances, 1968". Jonimitchell.com. http://jonimitchell.com/chronology/byyear.cfm?year=1968. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "RIAA Gold and Platinum Search for albums by Ted Nugent". Riaa.com. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Ted%20Nugent&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ Charlesworth, Chris. A-Z of Rock Guitarists, pg. 65
- ^ statements by Henry Rollins and Ian MacKaye in Michael Azerrad's Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground 1981–1991. 2002, Back Bay Books. ISBN 0-316-78753-1, p. 121
- ^ [http://www.michiganrockandrolllegends.com/mrrl-hall-of-fame/89-ted-nugent
- ^ "David Crowder talks about "Remedy"". Hear It First. http://www.hearitfirst.com/newsTour/default.aspx?news_id=540077. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
- ^ "Trample the Weak, Hurdle the Dead Tour 2010". TedNugent.com. http://www.tednugent.com/news/music/newsDetails.aspx?PostID=940937. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
- ^ "Ted Nugent: New Song Available For Free Download, March 14, 2011". Blabbermouth.net. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=155281. Retrieved 2011-03-19.
- ^ "SIGN UP & GET A FREE MP3 OF I STILL BELIEVE". TedNugent.com. http://www.tednugent.com/mailinglist. Retrieved 2011-03-19.
- ^ "Gibson Lifestyle, 2011". Gibson.com. 2008-06-24. http://www.gibson.com/en-us/Lifestyle/News/Derek-St-Holmes-0404-2011/. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ Spirit of the Wild. Outdoor Channel.
- ^ Runnin Wild From Ted Nugent Series Coming to CMT CMT.com, April 2, 2009
- ^ "Tony chews the fat with Ted Nugent". Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations. The Travel Channel L.L.C.. http://www.travelchannel.com/Video/tony-chews-the-fat-with-ted-nugent-11738. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ "TV: ANTHONY BOURDAIN'S NO RESERVATIONS / TRAVEL CHANNEL". tednugent.com. August 4, 2008. http://www.tednugent.com/news/newsDetails.aspx?PostID=593371#topNav. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ "I Don't Wanna Know Why the Caged Bird Sings". The Simpsons. season season 19. Event occurs at 12:30. http://www.watchcartoononline.com/the-simpsons-season-19-episode-4-i-don%E2%80%99t-wanna-know-why-the-caged-bird-sings. Retrieved 2011-05-24. "If we outlaw crossbows in our public schools, who's going to protect our children from charging elk?"
- ^ Ted Nugent on the Alex Jones Show:"APATHY" July 30, 2008
- ^ Ted Nugent (2008-10-07). "Ted, White, and Blue: The Nugent Manifesto". Tednugent.com. http://www.tednugent.com/Store/Product.aspx?id=SB000004-001. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "Ted Nugent: Obama is Waging War on The American Way of Life", July 9, 2010
- ^ New York Daily News report on Nugent's children, March 11, 2011
- ^ "Ted Nugent's Love Child: Article". E! Online. 200743. http://comcast.eonline.com/uberblog/b46899_ted_nugents_love_child.html. Retrieved 2004-02-24.
- ^ "Ted Nugent To Pay Child Support To New Hampshire Woman: Article". Foster's Online. 2005. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=38423. Retrieved 2005-06-22.
- ^ Spitz, Marc (October 2000). "Wang Dang Technically Legal Poontang: Whether Hunting or Romancing, the Nuge Likes Fresh Meat". Spin 16 (10): 134. ISSN 0886-3032. http://books.google.com/books?id=HTMuhxamaFEC&pg=PA134. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
- ^ "IMDB: Biography". IMDb. 2006. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0637823/bio. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
- ^ Ringen, Jonathon (November 18, 2005). "Music Making Fans Deaf?". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/8841090/music_making_fans_deaf. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
- ^ a b Tanner, Adam. "Ted Nugent might run for Governor of Michigan." Article at MaconDaily.com, via Reuters, on August 19, 2007.
- ^ "Texas Monthly Talks". Texasmonthly.com. http://www.texasmonthly.com/texasmonthlytalks. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
- ^ "NRA 2011 Annual Meetings & Exhibits - Past Meetings". Nraam.org. http://www.nraam.org/pastmeetings/. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "Nugent: Gun-free zones are recipe for disaster - CNN.com". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/04/19/commentary.nugent/index.html. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
- ^ "INSIDE THE MIND OF TED NUGENT – RF6 Exclusive « Royal Flush Magazine". Royalflushmagazine.com. 2009-12-29. http://royalflushmagazine.com/2009/12/29/inside-the-mind-of-ted-nugent. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "San Francisco altercation between Nugent and anti-fur activists". Articles.sfgate.com. 2000-07-31. http://articles.sfgate.com/2000-07-31/news/17655132_1_cat-scratch-fever-san-francisco-police-rock-star-ted-nugent. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "Ted Nugent: People Who Think Hunting Is Terrible Can Kiss My A**". Roadrunnerrecords.com. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=56303. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "Know Your Right-Wing Speakers". Campusprogress.org. 2005-04-25. http://www.campusprogress.org/tools/253. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "The Official Community of Ted Nugent". Tednugent.com. http://www.tednugent.com/hunting/news/2007/default.aspx?PostID=179134. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "Better Environmentalism Through Killing". Outsideonline.com. http://outsideonline.com/outside/magazine/0398/9803nugent.html. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "Goldfinger - Ftn Lyrics". Sing365.com. http://www.sing365.com/music/Lyric.nsf/FTN-lyrics-Goldfinger/A22B81740132B19C48256BCF0005E669. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
- ^ Grove, Casey (2012-04-20). "Ted Nugent signs plea agreement in black bear shooting case.". Sacramento Bee. http://www.sacbee.com/2012/04/20/4430923/ted-nugent-signs-plea-agreement.html. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
- ^ Raw Story, August 24, 2007
- ^ Rolling Stone, August 24, 2007]
- ^ Blabbermouth.net, January 7, 2006]
- ^ "Ted Nugent To Run For U.S. Senate?". Roadrun.com. http://www.roadrun.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=24838. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "Outspoken Nugent charts life of successful rocker and hunter". Des Moines Register.
- ^ "Ted Nugent on what he would if elected to public office". Imagineermagazine.com. http://www.imagineermagazine.com/index.php/issue_archives/spring_2010/ted_nugent. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "McCain's Musical Woes Continue" by Andrew Romano. Newsweek (July 28, 2008)
- ^ Des Moines Register text of interview with Nugent[dead link]
- ^ Ted Nugent: 'Live and let live' foreign idea to left
- ^ "Friends of America crowd smaller than anticipated" by Jessica Lilly and Scott Finn. West Virginia Public Broadcasting
- ^ http://www.nme.com/news/ted-nugent/56779
- ^ http://cnn.com/video/?/video/bestoftv/2011/05/18/exp.piers.morgan.nugent.son.cnn
- ^ a b c "Ted Nugent: Off his rocker?". London: The Independent. 28 May 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-11-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20091115001316/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/ted-nugent-off-his-rocker-479556.html. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
- ^ "Olbermann Worst Person Ted Nugent Will Not Be At Glenn Beck Rally". http://www.mediaite.com/online/olbermann-worst-person-ted-nugent-will-not-be-at-glenn-beck-rally.
- ^ Schoenburg, Bernard (February 10, 2012). "Nugent blasts Obama administration as 'America haters'". The State Journal-Register. http://www.sj-r.com/top-stories/x962226874/Ted-Nugent-You-people-need-me. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ "Ted Nugent endorses Mitt Romney". Politico.Com. 2012-03-02. http://www.politico.com/blogs/click/2012/03/ted-nugent-endorses-mitt-romney-116247.html. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ^ Posted: 04/16/2012 5:23 pm Updated: 04/17/2012 1:39 pm. "Ted Nugent For Mitt Romney: Rocker Stumps For GOP Candidate At NRA Convention". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/16/ted-nugent-romney-obama_n_1429698.html. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ^ Root, Jay (May 3, 2012). "Bearing Arms and Cranking Up the Controversy". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/us/hard-rocking-ted-nugent-cranks-up-the-controversy.html.
- ^ http://articles.cnn.com/2012-04-22/us/us_kentucky-nugent-canceled-concert_1_ted-nugent-motor-city-madman-nra-convention?_s=PM:US
- ^ Relevant part of the interview reproduced (as well as discussed) in "Claim: Ted Nugent evaded the draft in the 1960s by taking drugs and acting crazy: Undetermined", snopes.com, April 25, 2012.
- ^ [2]
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Nugent, Ted |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | December 13, 1948 |
| Place of birth | Redford, Michigan, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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