- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 20
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Yuriy Danilovich, also known as Georgiy Danilovich (Юрий Данилович in Russian) (1281 – November 21, 1325) was Prince of Moscow (1303–1325) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1318).
Yury was the oldest son of Daniel, the first prince of Moscow. His first official action was to defend Pereslavl-Zalessky against Grand Duke Andrew III. Upon Andrew's death the next year, Yury had to contend the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir with Mikhail of Tver. While the Tverian army besieged Pereslavl and Moscow itself, Mikhail went to the Golden Horde, where the Khan elevated him to the supreme position among Russian princes.
In the meantime, Yury arranged the murder of Prince Konstantin of Ryazan. This unlucky ruler had been captured by Yury's father back in 1302 and had been incarcerated in Moscow since then. While Ryazan was shocked by such a barbarity, Yury annexed the key Ryazanian fortress of Kolomna to Moscow Duchy. He also captured Mozhaisk, which formerly belonged to the princes of Smolensk. By 1314, Yury secured backing from the Metropolitan Peter and formed an alliance with Novgorod against Tver. Now, he felt strong enough to challenge Mikhail of Tver in the Horde.
In 1315 Yury went to the Golden Horde and, after spending two years there, constructed an alliance with Uzbeg Khan. Upon Yury's marriage to the khan's sister Konchaka, Uzbeg Khan deposed Mikhail and nominated Yury as the Grand Duke of Vladimir. Back in Russia with a large force of Mongols, Yury approached Tver. However, Yuri's army was defeated and his brother Boris and his wife were taken prisoners. Thereupon he fled to Novgorod and sued for peace. At that time his wife, still held in Tver as a hostage, died unexpectedly. Yury availed himself of the confusion that followed and announced to the khan that she had been poisoned on Mikhail's order. The khan summoned both princes to Sarai and, after a trial, had Mikhail executed.
Yury returned to Russia, hated by other princes and populace alike, in 1319. He was now entrusted with the task of gathering all-Russian tribute to the Horde. But Mikhail's son and successor, Dmitry the Terrible Eyes, still opposed him. In 1322, Dmitry, seeking revenge for his father's murder, went to Sarai and persuaded the khan that Yury had appropriated a large portion of the tribute due to the Horde. Yury was summoned to the Horde for a trial but, before any formal investigation, was killed by Dmitry. Eight months later, Dmitry was also executed in the Horde.
Shortly before his death, Yury led the army of Novgorod to fight the Swedes and founded a fort in the mouth of the Neva River. Upon signing the Treaty of Orekhovo in 1323, Yury continued eastward and conquered Velikiy Ustyug the same year.
Dmitry Mikhaylovich of Tver (Russian: Дми́трий Миха́йлович Тверcко́й) (1299 – September 15, 1326), nicknamed The Fearsome Eyes (Гро́зные О́чи), was a Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1322 to 1326) and Grand Prince of Tver (from 1318 to 1326). He was a son of Mikhail of Tver and Anna of Kashin.
Dmitry continued his father's fight with Grand Prince Yuri Danilovich of Moscow for the yarlik (also iarlik) that is, the diploma or patent of office for the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir, which was granted by the Khan of the Golden Horde. The title was much desired because the Grand Prince of Vladimir was the khan's tax-collector in Rus', and as such could gain authority and real power over the other princes of Rus'.
Following Yury's machinations which led the khan to grant the yarlik to Moscow and their father's execution at the Horde in 1318, Dmitry and his brother, Alexander, fought a series of battles with Yury and intrigued against him at the Horde, culminating in Dmitry's acquisition of the yarlik of office for the grand princely throne in 1322 and his murder of Yury at the Horde (in Sarai) three years later. Dmitry was himself arrested for the murder and executed in Sarai on the orders of Uzbeg Khan in 1326. His remains were taken back to Tver and interred in the cathedral there.
- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 7
Grand Prince Alexander or Aleksandr Mikhailovich (Russian: Александр Михайлович Тверской; 7 October 1301 – 29 October 1339) was a Prince of Tver as Alexander I and Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal as Alexander II.
Aleksandr was a second son of Prince Mikhail of Tver by his wife, Anna of Kashin. As a young man, his appanages included Kholm and Mikulin. In 1322, he continued the Tver princes' opposition to the rise of Moscow when he rather spectacularly waylaid Grand Prince Yury of Moscow (who had schemed against Aleksandr's father to gain the yarlyk or patent of office from the khan of the Golden Horde, the Mongol kingdom which ruled Russia and much of central Asia in the 13th and 14th centuries) as Yury journeyed with the tribute[to whom?] from Novgorod to Moscow.
Four years later, Aleksandr succeeded his childless brother Dmitry the Terrible Eyes who had been executed on behest of Uzbeg Khan in the Horde after Dmitry avenged his father's death by murdering Yury.
In 1327, a Tatar official, the Baskaki Shevkal (the cousin of Uzbeg), arrived in Tver from the Horde, with a large retinue. They took up residence at Aleksandr's palace and, according to chronicle reports, started terrorizing the city, randomly robbing and killing. Rumors spread that Shevkal wanted to kill the prince, occupy the throne for himself and introduce Islam to the city. When, on 15 August 1327, the Tatars tried to take a horse from a deacon named Dyudko, he cried for help and a mob of furious people rushed on the Tatars and killed them all. Shevkal and his remaining guards were burnt alive in one of the houses where they had attempted to hide.
The massacre led inevitably to Tatar reprisals. Indeed, the whole incident may have been a provocation by the Tatars to destroy Aleksandr and the Tver princes. Ivan Kalita of Moscow, brother of Yury of Moscow who had been murdered by Dmitri the Terrible Eyes in 1322, immediately went to the Horde and, before Aleksandr had time to justify himself to Uzbeg Khan, persuaded the khan to grant Moscow the yarlik or patent of office for the throne of Vladimir. The khan also sent Ivan at the head of an army of 50,000 soldiers to punish Tver. Alexander fled with his family to Novgorod, but he was not accepted there for fear of the Tatars, so he went on to Pskov.
Pskov not only allowed Aleksandr to enter their city, but made him their prince. Desiring to save the Russian land from further devastation — had Ivan Kalita left Aleksandr in Pskov, the Tatars would have certainly sent another punitive expedition which would have destroyed that city — Aleksandr agreed to abandon the city, but the residents of Pskov would not let him go. Metropolitan Feognost (Theognostus) arrived in Novgorod and he and Archbishop Moisei of Novgorod (1325–1330; 1352–1359) excommunicated the city at the behest of Ivan Kalita. In 1329, fulfilling the order of the khan, Ivan Kalita and many other princes declared war to Pskov. Aleksander fled into Lithuania and then to Sweden, after which the metropolitan lifted the ban of excommunication against Pskov. Aleksander returned to Pskov a year and a half later under the patronage of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
In 1335, Aleksandr sent his son, Fyodor, to the Horde in order to gain forgiveness. Two years later in 1337 he went there himself. Uzbeg Khan, at least for a time, forgave his old enemy and sent him back to Tver. This led to renewed hostilities with Moscow, which Tver' could not sustain.
On October 29, 1339, Aleksandr and Fyodor were quartered (chopped into four pieces) in Sarai, the capital city of the Horde, by the orders of Uzbeg Khan.
- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 25
Дореволюционная Россия на фотографиях
Еле́ц
Pre-revolutionary Russia in photographs
Yelets
Yelets is the oldest center of the Central Black Earth Region. It was mentioned in historical documents as early as 1146, when it belonged to the Princes of Ryazan. The town's position at the very south of Russian lands made it an easy prey for Turkic conquerors. The Mongols burned it in 1239, Uzbeg Khan ravaged it in 1316, Timur sacked it in 1395, and the Tatars devastated it in 1414.
In 1483, the Principality of Yelets was absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow, while the local Rurikid rulers (last heard of in the 19th century) entered the service of Ivan III. In 1591, Boris Godunov revived the largely deserted town by establishing a fortress in the town.
In the 19th century, Yelets became the largest trade centre in the region.
The town's chief landmark is the Ascension Cathedral, built between 1845–1889 by Konstantin Thon.
Music:
Petite suite: IV. Mazurka: Allegretto by Alexander Borodin
- published: 06 Apr 2016
- views: 50
Mikhail Yaroslavich (Russian: Михаил Ярославич) (1271 – 22 November 1318), also known as Michael of Tver or Michael the Saint, was a Prince of Tver (from 1285) who ruled as Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1304 until 1314 and again from 1315–1318. He is counted among the saints of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Mikhail Yaroslavich was the second son of Yaroslav III (Yaroslav Yaroslavich), the younger brother of Aleksandr Nevsky, and succeeded him as Prince of Tver in 1285. His mother Xenia was the second spouse to Yaroslav III and is known as the saint Xenia of Tarusa. Upon the death of Andrei Aleksandrovich (Aleksandr Nevsky's son and Yaroslav's nephew), Mikhail became the Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1304, as was consistent with the Rota System of collateral succession that had been practised in Rus since the time of Yaroslav the Wise. He was confirmed in office by Tokhta, Khan of the Golden Horde.
While he seemed secure in the throne, being the legitimate heir and having been confirmed by the Khan in Sarai, Grand Prince Mikhail suffered a series of setbacks as grand prince which led to him losing the grand princely office for both himself and, in some ways, ultimately for his descendants. He was, like most Grand Princes of Vladimir, accepted as Prince of Novgorod the Great in 1309, but fought with Novgorod, going so far as to withdraw his lieutenants (namestniki) and cut off grain shipments into the city in 1312. While he was on decent terms with Tokhta Khan, and initially with his successor, Uzbeg Khan (Mikhail paid homage on Uzbeg's accession to the throne in 1313 and remained in Sarai until 1315), he eventually lost influence to Yury of Moscow, who gained influence in Novgorod while the grand prince was away in Sarai. Mikhail did manage to finally take control of the city in 1316 with Mongol aid, but the following year Uzbeg Khan gave the yarlik or patent of office of the Grand Prince of Vladimir to Yury, who also married Uzbeg's sister.
After granting Yury the iarlyk or patent of office, the Khan sent his army under the Mongol general Kavgadii to help Yuri in his struggle with Mikhail Yaroslavich. December 22, 1317 Mikhail defeated Yuri at a village called Bortenevo (40 km from Tver). Mikhail captured Yuri's wife, who was the Khan's sister. When she died in Mikhail's custody, he was blamed for her death, although it seems unlikely that he would have killed her knowing how much it would hurt him politically for such little gain. He released Kavgadii, who returned to Sarai and accused Mikhail of murdering the Khan's sister, withholding tribute, and warring against his Mongol overlord. As a result, Mikhail was summoned to the Horde by the Khan and executed on November 22, 1318.
Mikhail and the Church
Mikhail also alienated the Church, particularly Metropolitan Petr (r. 1308-1326). When Metropolitan Maksim died in 1305, Mikhail nominated another candidate, but Petr was consecrated by the Patriarch of Constantinople. Petr sided with Moscow and opposed Mikhail on several occasions. In 1309, he appointed David as Archbishop of Novgorod and David was instrumental in the argument that led Mikhail to withdraw his lieutenants and cut the grain supplies to the city. In 1314, Novgorod called on Yury to be named grand prince and for Mikhail to be deposed. Thus the support of the Church aided Yury to Mikhail's detriment. Despite his having been unfavored by the Russian Orthodox Church during his lifetime, the Church later declared Mikhail a saint.
Family and children
In 1294 Mikhail married Princess Anna of Rostov, daughter of Dimitry of Rostov. They had five children:
Prince Dmitry of Tver (1299–1326)
Prince Alexander of Tver (1301–1339)
Prince Konstantin of Tver (1306–1346)
Prince Vasily of Kashin (d. after 1368)
Feodora of Tver
Mikhail's sons and successors Dmitry the Terrible Eyes and Alexander were both also loved in the Horde, as was Alexander's elder son, Mikhail. Both Aleksandr Mikhailovich, and Mikhail Aleksandrovich briefly held the Grand Princely office (in 1326-1327 and 1371-1372 respectively) but Mikhail's failure to defeat Yury of Moscow, followed by Aleksandr's role (real or perceived) in the Tver Uprising of 1327, led the Tver branch to lose the favor of the Khans, and the Danilovich - the Muscovite princes, held the title for all but two years after 1317.
Mikhail's wife took the veil in Kashin's nunnery and died there on October 2, 1368. She is commemorated as Anna of Kashin by the Russian Orthodox Church and was canonized in 1677.
- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 23
Simeon Ivanovich Gordiy (the Proud) (Семён Иванович Гордый in Russian) (7 November 1316 – 27 April 1353) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir. Simeon continued his father's policies of supporting the Golden Horde and acting as its leading enforcer in Russia. Simeon's rule was marked by regular military and political standoffs against Novgorod Republic and Lithuania. His relationships with neighboring Russian principalities remained peaceful if not passive: Simeon stayed aside from conflicts between subordinate princes. He had recourse to war only when war was unavoidable. A relatively quiet period for Moscow was ended by the Black Death that claimed the lives of Simeon and his sons in 1353.
In 1340 Simeon, the eldest son of Ivan Kalita, was stationed in Nizhny Novgorod. Upon receiving news of his father death, Simeon and his brothers Andrey and Ivan left for the Golden Horde to seek Uzbeg Khan's patent (yarlyk) for taking over the title of Grand Prince. Rivals Konstantin of Tver and Konstantin of Suzdal also paid their homage to the Khan, claiming seniority over Moscow princes. Simeon won the patent through bribing the Khan's retinue; princes of Tver and Suzdal had to agree to his seniority; Uzbeq also extended his benevolence to Simeon's issue. He was also granted the ceremonial title epi trapezes offikios (Greek: ό επί τραπέζης όφφίκιος) by the Byzantine Empire, which can be loosely translated as seneschal or stolnik.
In the same 1340 Simeon engaged in his first military standoff with Veliky Novgorod. Simeon claimed his right to collect taxes in the Novgorodian town of Torzhok. Torzhok boyars locked up Simeon's tax collectors and called for help from Novgorod. Simeon and metropolitan Theognostus hastily organized a coalition of princes against Novgorod, claiming that "They [Novgorodians] make war and peace with whomever they please, consulting no one. Novgorod regards not all Russia, and will not obey her Grand Prince", referring to Novgorod incursions into Ustyuzhna and Beloe Ozero. As the coalition forces approached Novgorodian lands, the people of Torzhok revolted against the boyars and sided with Muscovite troops. Novgorod Republic accepted the fact and ceded all taxes from Torzhok area, estimated at 1,000 roubled in silver annually, to Simeon who agreed to honor the existing civic charter.
In 1341, shortly after the dismissal of muscovite coalition army, Algirdas (then prince of Vitebsk, allied with prince of Smolensk) besieged Mozhaysk. News of the death of Gediminas forced Algirdas to quit the campaign before Simeon could arrange a military response. Uzbeg Khan, Simeon's sovereign, died soon afterwards; his successor, Jani Beg, secured the control of the Horde through killing his brothers. Simeon and Theognostus had to travel to the Horde again. Jani Beg reassured Simeon in his rights and let him go, but kept Theognostus hostage to extort money from the church; eventually, Theognostus was released for 600 roubles.
In 1333, Simeon married Aigusta (Anastasia), sister of Algirdas. After her death in 1345, Simeon married Eupraxia of Smolensk, but soon sent her back to her family, claiming that Eupraxia was cursed since wedding and "appears to be dead each night". Eupraxia remarried Prince Fominsky, and Simeon married Maria of Tver; their four sons died in infancy.
Throughout the 1340s Lithuanian and Swedish military campaigns and internal political disarray decreased the influence of the Novgorod Republic. Simeon, whose title of Grand Prince obliged him to protect Novgorod, was reluctant to do so, as if expecting the weakened republic to collapse for his own benefit. In 1347, when Novgorodians called for help against the Swedes, Simeon dispatched his brother Ivan and Constantine of Rostov; the envoys refused to fight for the Novgorodians. Simeon himself was busy with offsetting the Lithuanians' influence in the Horde, meanwhile harboring two renegade Lithuanian princes as potential claimants to the Lithuanian crown. He manipulated Jani Beg into believing that increasing Lithuanian influence became the most important threat to the Horde.
- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 31
www.Tajikam.com
Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated and imposed by the British on Khurasan / Khorasan Zameen. Greater Khorasan consisted of Tajikistan, Samarqand Bukhara, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Parwan kapisa panjshir samangan faryab kunduz kabul ghazni bamiyan herat kandahar helmand farah nemroz ghor etc., and the people of greater khorasan speak Farsi which is the same as Parsi, Persian, Dari and Tajiki. Pashto Pakhto Pashtun pashtoon pakhtun are the nomadic and tribal people who are synanymous with Taliban and they live in southern Khorasan (afghanistan) and they make up about one quarter of the population while the rest of the country is farsi speaker or farsi zabans. Awghanistan Pashto song, its also Pashtoon, Pakhtoon, Pakhtun, Pashtun, Pakhto khurasan khorasan khorasani ahmad shah massoud panjshir parwan kapisa mazar takhar badakhshan baghlan kunduz salang kabul logar paktia paktika kunar wardak kandahar khost helmand ghazni laghman karzai farsi dari parsi hazaragi pashto pashtun pakhtu pakhto pashtoon pakhtun peshawar zazai mangal zadran tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukhara taliban ariana aryana bayat afghanmellat malalay joya gailani mojadidi wardak bamiyan bagram samangan sayyaf rabbani rashid dostam dustom abdul ali mazari qanoni marshal abdul qasim fahim abdullah abdullah khalili latif pedram ahmad zahir nashinas farhad darya ehsan aman afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia pa afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia paktika baghlan jawozjan faryab shiberghan andkhoi akhcha ghor badghis herat helmand farah nimroz kandahar helmand peshawar mullah omar taliban karzai zahir shah abdali pashtoon pashtun pakhtun pakhtoon pukhtun zazai mangal zadran laghman shinwari uzbek hazara hazaragi uzbekistan tajik tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukahra hamid karzai ahmad shah massoud masood qanooni mohaqiq khalili marshal fahim iran persian mazar farsi parsi dari khorasan khurasan khorasani aryana arian aria ahmad zahir farhad darya ehsan aman nashinas buxara bukhara boxara bokhara Ariana Aryana Khorasan Khoorasan Afghanistan Afgan Afghan Pakhtun pakhtoon Pakhto Pakhtu Pokhto Pukhtun Pekhawar Peshawar andarab shahnameh shahnama ferdousi ferdowsi tazhik tajik tadjik Tojik Tojikiston Iron Kurd Arab Palestine Terrorist Terrorism criminal America Los angeles San francisco Pakistan Mongols Mughul Uzbek Uzbak Uzbekistan Turkmen Turkmenistan Shindand Kabul Kabol Cabul English England Britian Computer Internet Karzai Badakhshi Massoud Masood Masoud Ahmad Shah ghor ghorband Aria Heraiva Beruni Khayyam Mawlana Rumi Mevlana Persian Parsian Persien death to Afghanistan long live Khorasan Khorasan Afghani Afghan Afghanistani Awgho Awghani Owghan Owghoo Termez Uzbeg Uzbak Uzbek Boxoro Samarkand Khiva Khaharezm Mowlana Mevlana Samarghand Samarqand Samarkand Samarakand Maruf Maruv Taleban Taleb Tazhik Tazik Taajik Afzalsho Afzal Shoh Shadi Shodi Shodiev Shodiov
- published: 02 Sep 2008
- views: 10272
http://www.Tajikam.com
Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated and imposed by the British on Khurasan / Khorasan Zameen. Greater Khorasan consisted of Tajikistan, Samarqand Bukhara, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Parwan kapisa panjshir samangan faryab kunduz kabul ghazni bamiyan herat kandahar helmand farah nemroz ghor etc., and the people of greater khorasan speak Farsi which is the same as Parsi, Persian, Dari and Tajiki. Pashto Pakhto Pashtun pashtoon pakhtun are the nomadic and tribal people who are synanymous with Taliban and they live in southern Khorasan (afghanistan) and they make up about one quarter of the population while the rest of the country is farsi speaker or farsi zabans. Awghanistan Pashto song, its also Pashtoon, Pakhtoon, Pakhtun, Pashtun, Pakhto khurasan khorasan khorasani ahmad shah massoud panjshir parwan kapisa mazar takhar badakhshan baghlan kunduz salang kabul logar paktia paktika kunar wardak kandahar khost helmand ghazni laghman karzai farsi dari parsi hazaragi pashto pashtun pakhtu pakhto pashtoon pakhtun peshawar zazai mangal zadran tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukhara taliban ariana aryana bayat afghanmellat malalay joya gailani mojadidi wardak bamiyan bagram samangan sayyaf rabbani rashid dostam dustom abdul ali mazari qanoni marshal abdul qasim fahim abdullah abdullah khalili latif pedram ahmad zahir nashinas farhad darya ehsan aman afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia pa afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia paktika baghlan jawozjan faryab shiberghan andkhoi akhcha ghor badghis herat helmand farah nimroz kandahar helmand peshawar mullah omar taliban karzai zahir shah abdali pashtoon pashtun pakhtun pakhtoon pukhtun zazai mangal zadran laghman shinwari uzbek hazara hazaragi uzbekistan tajik tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukahra hamid karzai ahmad shah massoud masood qanooni mohaqiq khalili marshal fahim iran persian mazar farsi parsi dari khorasan khurasan khorasani aryana arian aria ahmad zahir farhad darya ehsan aman nashinas buxara bukhara boxara bokhara Ariana Aryana Khorasan Khoorasan Afghanistan Afgan Afghan Pakhtun pakhtoon Pakhto Pakhtu Pokhto Pukhtun Pekhawar Peshawar andarab shahnameh shahnama ferdousi ferdowsi tazhik tajik tadjik Tojik Tojikiston Iron Kurd Arab Palestine Terrorist Terrorism criminal America Los angeles San francisco Pakistan Mongols Mughul Uzbek Uzbak Uzbekistan Turkmen Turkmenistan Shindand Kabul Kabol Cabul English England Britian Computer Internet Karzai Badakhshi Massoud Masood Masoud Ahmad Shah ghor ghorband Aria Heraiva Beruni Khayyam Mawlana Rumi Mevlana Persian Parsian Persien death to Afghanistan long live Khorasan Khorasan Afghani Afghan Afghanistani Awgho Awghani Owghan Owghoo Termez Uzbeg Uzbak Uzbek Boxoro Samarkand Khiva Khaharezm Mowlana Mevlana Samarghand Samarqand Samarkand Samarakand Maruf Maruv Taleban Taleb Tazhik Tazik Taajik Afzalsho Afzal Shoh Shadi Shodi Shodiev Shodiov
- published: 02 Sep 2008
- views: 6066
A video of pashtun afghan kings and poets that have contributed to afghan history through the course of Aryana's existence. If i missed anyone, please let me know in the comments box!
Afghan, Pashtun, Afghanistan, Loy Afghanistan, Attan, Rabab Music, Pashto, Farsi, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Hazaras, Turkmens, Iranian Peoples, Taliban, Haqqani Network, Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh, Kandahar, Helmand, Paktia, Ghor, Logar, Ghazni, Herat, Badakshan, Bamiyan, Kunduz, Faryab, Sheberghan, Nuristan, Khost, Kapisa, Nangarhar, Jalalabad, Uruzgan, Daykundi, Gardez, Sar-e-Pul, Quetta, Peshawar, Khyber, Waziristan, Aryana, Aryans, Khorasan, Hindu Kush, Pamir, Bactria, Mirwais Hotaki, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Khushal Khan Khattak, Pir Roshan, Ahmad Shah Massoud, Burhanuddin Rabbani, Atta Muhammad Nur, Abdullah Abdullah, Abdul Rashid Dostum, Hamid Karzai, Hekmatyar, Mullah Omar, Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, Hakimullah Mehsud, Daoud Khan, Gul Agha Sherzai, Zahir Shah, Mahmood Khan Achakzai, Mohammad Najibullah, Loya Jirga, Afghan Grand Assembly, Islam, Sunni, Shia, Genghis Khan, Mongols, Hazarajat, Hazaragi, Pashtunistan, Balochistan, Takhar, Iran, Cyrus The Great, Baghlan, Parwan, Panjsher, Laghman, Wardak, Zadran, Bangash, Afridi, Kakar, Safi, Khogyani, Ghilzai, Durrani, Shinwari, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Durand Line, Abasin, Amu Darya, Baloch, Marshal Fahim, Samarkand, Sulaiman Mountains, Tora Bora, Musakhel, Jadoon, Karlan, Akakhel, Turi, Tanoli, Ghazal, Shamshad TV, Lemar TV, Buzkashi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Soviet War, Kushan Empire, Hephthalites, Kunar, Godar, Pactyans, Pakhtrians, Kashmir, Ibrahim Lodhi, Sher Shah Suri, Mughals, Delhi Sultanate, Dari, Lashkar Gah, Northern Alliance, Opium, Heroin, Pata Khazana, Amir Kror Suri, Ashraf Hotaki, Abdul Hai Habibi, Abdul Hamid Baba, Ammer Hamza Shinwari, Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Rahman Baba, Ajmal Khattak, Mahmud Hotaki, Pashtoon, Uzbeg, Kuchi, Persia, Persian, Pokhton, Pukhtun, Pakhtun, Pakhtunistan, Kochi, Lungee, Lungay, Paktay, Pakol, Kalash, Kalasha, Kafirs, Kafiristan, Chitral, Nooristani, Ayub Khan, Kochay, Kochai, Watan Forosh, Khurasan, Zoroaster, Badghis, Farah, Maidan Wardak, Nimruz, Samangan, Parun, Malalai Joya, Malala Yousafzai, FATA, Shamali, Charikar, Surobi, Paghman, Kalakan, Abdur Rahman Khan, Avesta, Dadullah Akhund, Silk Road, Alexander The Great, Iskander, Ghosts of Alexander, The Pathans, Pukhtoons, Turkestan, Swat Valley, Sistan, Kharoti, Khankhel, Kakazai, Afghan Girl, Sharbat Gula, Graveyard Of Empires
- published: 09 Feb 2014
- views: 7504
Tengrism (sometimes stylized as Tengriism), occasionally referred to as Tengrianism , is a modern term for a Central Asian religion characterized by features of shamanism, animism, totemism, both polytheism and monotheism, and ancestor worship. Historically, it was the prevailing religion of the Turks, Mongols, Bulgars, and Hungarians, as well as the Xiongnu and the Huns. It was the state religion of the six ancient Turkic states: Göktürks Khaganate, Avar Khaganate, Western Turkic Khaganate, Great Bulgaria, Bulgarian Empire and Eastern Tourkia.
As a modern revival, Tengrism has been advocated among intellectual circles of the Turkic nations of Central Asia, including Tatarstan, Buryatia, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, in the years following the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1990s to present). It is still actively practiced and undergoing an organised revival in Yakutia, Khakassia, Tuva, and other Turkic nations in Siberia. Burkhanism is a movement kindred to Tengrism concentrated in Altay.
Khukh and Tengri literally mean "blue" and "sky" in Mongolian and modern Mongolians still pray to "Munkh Khukh Tengri" ("Eternal Blue Sky"). Therefore Mongolia is sometimes poetically referred to by Mongolians as the "Land of Eternal Blue Sky" ("Munkh Khukh Tengriin Oron" in Mongolian). In modern Turkey Tengriism is also known as the Göktanrı dini, "Sky God religion", Turkish "Gök" (sky) and "Tanrı" (God) corresponding to the Mongolian khukh (blue) and Tengri (sky), respectively.
s first visit is believed to be very important.
Drinking Turkish coffee with your friend is believed to be worth 40 years of friendship. (The expression 'Bir fincan kahvenin kırk yıl hatırı vardır' means 'Drinking one cup of Turkish coffee together with your friend will not be forgotten for 40 years.') There is a convectional rainfall type in Turkey called Kırkikindi (Kırk+ikindi, where ikindi means mid-afternoon) which is believed to fall 40 days.
In Turkey, among children, Moon is called Ay Dede (Moon The Grandfather) who is considered to be the moon-god living in the sixth floor of the sky. At nights, tales are being told about him to children by their parents for them to go to sleep. The nursery rhyme ay dede ay dede, senin evin nerede? (Grandfather Moon, Grandfather Moon, where is your home?) is popular among children.
The word Kyrgyz means We are forty in the Kyrgyz language. Regarding the importance of the number, Kyrgyzstan's flag has a symbol of 40 uniformly spaced rays. A legendary hero called Manas is believed to have 40 regional clans. Tengrist Khazars aided Heraclius by sending 40,000 soldiers during a joint Byzantine-Göktürk operation against Persians.
A number of Kyrgyz politicians are actively pushing Tengrism, to fill the ideological void. Dastan Sarygulov, secretary of state and formerly chair of the Kyrgyz state gold mining company, has established Tengir Ordo (tr) (Army of Tengri) which is a civic group that seeks to promote the values and traditions of the Tengrism.
There is a Tengrist society in Bishkek, which officially claims almost 500,000 followers and an international scientific center of Tengrist studies. Both institutions are run by Dastan Sarygulov, the main theorist of Tengrism in Kyrgyzstan and a member of the Parliament.
Publications committed to the subject of Tengrism are more and more frequently published in scientific journals of human sciences in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The partisans of this movement endeavor to influence the political circles and have succeeded in spreading their concepts into the governing bodies. Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev and even more frequently former Kyrgyz president Askar Akayev have mentioned that Tengrism is the national and "natural" religion of the Turkic peoples.
Historical Tengrism surrounded the cult of the sky god and chief deity Tengri and incorporated elements of shamanism, animism, totemism and ancestor worship. It lost its importance when the Uighuric kagans proclaimed Manichaeism the state religion in the 8th century.
Tengriism also played a large part in the religious denomination of the Gok-Turk Empire and the Great Mongol Empire. The name "Gok-Turk" translates as "Celestial Turk" which directly points out to the devotion to Tengriism. In the 13th century, Genghis Khan and several generations of his followers were also Tengrian believers until his fifth generation descendent Uzbeg Khan turned to Islam in the 14th century
- published: 01 Feb 2014
- views: 8229
Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
Grand Prince Alexander or Aleksandr Mikhailovich (Russian: Александр Михайлович Тверской; 7 October 1301 – 29 October 1339) was a Prince of Tver as Alexander I and Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal as Alexander II.
Life
Aleksandr was a second son of Prince Mikhail of Tver by his wife, Anna of Kashin. As a young man, his appanages included Kholm and Mikulin. In 1322, he continued the Tver princes' opposition to the rise of Moscow when he rather spectacularly waylaid Grand Prince Yury of Moscow (who had schemed against Aleksandr's father to gain the yarlyk or patent of office from the khan of the Golden Horde, the Mongol kingdom which ruled Russia and much of central Asia in the 13th and 14th centuries) as Yury journeyed with the tribute from Novgorod to Moscow.
Four years later, Aleksandr succeeded his childless brother Dmitry the Terrible Eyes who had been executed on behest of Uzbeg Khan in the Horde after Dmitry avenged his father's death by murdering Yury.
In 1327, a Tatar official, the Baskaki Shevkal (the cousin of Uzbeg), arrived in Tver from the Horde, with a large retinue. They took up residence at Aleksandr's palace and, according to chronicle reports, started terrorizing the city, randomly robbing and killing. Rumors spread that Shevkal wanted to kill the prince, occupy the throne for himself and introduce Islam to the city. When, on 15 August 1327, the Tatars tried to take a horse from a deacon named Dyudko, he cried for help and a mob of furious people rushed on the Tatars and killed them all. Shevkal and his remaining guards were burnt alive in one of the houses where they had attempted to hide.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Aleksandr_Mikhailovich_of_Tver
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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3:03The Life And Death Of Yury of Moscow
The Life And Death Of Yury of MoscowThe Life And Death Of Yury of Moscow
Yuriy Danilovich, also known as Georgiy Danilovich (Юрий Данилович in Russian) (1281 – November 21, 1325) was Prince of Moscow (1303–1325) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1318). Yury was the oldest son of Daniel, the first prince of Moscow. His first official action was to defend Pereslavl-Zalessky against Grand Duke Andrew III. Upon Andrew's death the next year, Yury had to contend the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir with Mikhail of Tver. While the Tverian army besieged Pereslavl and Moscow itself, Mikhail went to the Golden Horde, where the Khan elevated him to the supreme position among Russian princes. In the meantime, Yury arranged the murder of Prince Konstantin of Ryazan. This unlucky ruler had been captured by Yury's father back in 1302 and had been incarcerated in Moscow since then. While Ryazan was shocked by such a barbarity, Yury annexed the key Ryazanian fortress of Kolomna to Moscow Duchy. He also captured Mozhaisk, which formerly belonged to the princes of Smolensk. By 1314, Yury secured backing from the Metropolitan Peter and formed an alliance with Novgorod against Tver. Now, he felt strong enough to challenge Mikhail of Tver in the Horde. In 1315 Yury went to the Golden Horde and, after spending two years there, constructed an alliance with Uzbeg Khan. Upon Yury's marriage to the khan's sister Konchaka, Uzbeg Khan deposed Mikhail and nominated Yury as the Grand Duke of Vladimir. Back in Russia with a large force of Mongols, Yury approached Tver. However, Yuri's army was defeated and his brother Boris and his wife were taken prisoners. Thereupon he fled to Novgorod and sued for peace. At that time his wife, still held in Tver as a hostage, died unexpectedly. Yury availed himself of the confusion that followed and announced to the khan that she had been poisoned on Mikhail's order. The khan summoned both princes to Sarai and, after a trial, had Mikhail executed. Yury returned to Russia, hated by other princes and populace alike, in 1319. He was now entrusted with the task of gathering all-Russian tribute to the Horde. But Mikhail's son and successor, Dmitry the Terrible Eyes, still opposed him. In 1322, Dmitry, seeking revenge for his father's murder, went to Sarai and persuaded the khan that Yury had appropriated a large portion of the tribute due to the Horde. Yury was summoned to the Horde for a trial but, before any formal investigation, was killed by Dmitry. Eight months later, Dmitry was also executed in the Horde. Shortly before his death, Yury led the army of Novgorod to fight the Swedes and founded a fort in the mouth of the Neva River. Upon signing the Treaty of Orekhovo in 1323, Yury continued eastward and conquered Velikiy Ustyug the same year. -
1:28The Life And Death Of Dmitry of Tver
The Life And Death Of Dmitry of TverThe Life And Death Of Dmitry of Tver
Dmitry Mikhaylovich of Tver (Russian: Дми́трий Миха́йлович Тверcко́й) (1299 – September 15, 1326), nicknamed The Fearsome Eyes (Гро́зные О́чи), was a Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1322 to 1326) and Grand Prince of Tver (from 1318 to 1326). He was a son of Mikhail of Tver and Anna of Kashin. Dmitry continued his father's fight with Grand Prince Yuri Danilovich of Moscow for the yarlik (also iarlik) that is, the diploma or patent of office for the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir, which was granted by the Khan of the Golden Horde. The title was much desired because the Grand Prince of Vladimir was the khan's tax-collector in Rus', and as such could gain authority and real power over the other princes of Rus'. Following Yury's machinations which led the khan to grant the yarlik to Moscow and their father's execution at the Horde in 1318, Dmitry and his brother, Alexander, fought a series of battles with Yury and intrigued against him at the Horde, culminating in Dmitry's acquisition of the yarlik of office for the grand princely throne in 1322 and his murder of Yury at the Horde (in Sarai) three years later. Dmitry was himself arrested for the murder and executed in Sarai on the orders of Uzbeg Khan in 1326. His remains were taken back to Tver and interred in the cathedral there. -
4:06The Life And Death Of Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
The Life And Death Of Aleksandr Mikhailovich of TverThe Life And Death Of Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
Grand Prince Alexander or Aleksandr Mikhailovich (Russian: Александр Михайлович Тверской; 7 October 1301 – 29 October 1339) was a Prince of Tver as Alexander I and Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal as Alexander II. Aleksandr was a second son of Prince Mikhail of Tver by his wife, Anna of Kashin. As a young man, his appanages included Kholm and Mikulin. In 1322, he continued the Tver princes' opposition to the rise of Moscow when he rather spectacularly waylaid Grand Prince Yury of Moscow (who had schemed against Aleksandr's father to gain the yarlyk or patent of office from the khan of the Golden Horde, the Mongol kingdom which ruled Russia and much of central Asia in the 13th and 14th centuries) as Yury journeyed with the tribute[to whom?] from Novgorod to Moscow. Four years later, Aleksandr succeeded his childless brother Dmitry the Terrible Eyes who had been executed on behest of Uzbeg Khan in the Horde after Dmitry avenged his father's death by murdering Yury. In 1327, a Tatar official, the Baskaki Shevkal (the cousin of Uzbeg), arrived in Tver from the Horde, with a large retinue. They took up residence at Aleksandr's palace and, according to chronicle reports, started terrorizing the city, randomly robbing and killing. Rumors spread that Shevkal wanted to kill the prince, occupy the throne for himself and introduce Islam to the city. When, on 15 August 1327, the Tatars tried to take a horse from a deacon named Dyudko, he cried for help and a mob of furious people rushed on the Tatars and killed them all. Shevkal and his remaining guards were burnt alive in one of the houses where they had attempted to hide. The massacre led inevitably to Tatar reprisals. Indeed, the whole incident may have been a provocation by the Tatars to destroy Aleksandr and the Tver princes. Ivan Kalita of Moscow, brother of Yury of Moscow who had been murdered by Dmitri the Terrible Eyes in 1322, immediately went to the Horde and, before Aleksandr had time to justify himself to Uzbeg Khan, persuaded the khan to grant Moscow the yarlik or patent of office for the throne of Vladimir. The khan also sent Ivan at the head of an army of 50,000 soldiers to punish Tver. Alexander fled with his family to Novgorod, but he was not accepted there for fear of the Tatars, so he went on to Pskov. Pskov not only allowed Aleksandr to enter their city, but made him their prince. Desiring to save the Russian land from further devastation — had Ivan Kalita left Aleksandr in Pskov, the Tatars would have certainly sent another punitive expedition which would have destroyed that city — Aleksandr agreed to abandon the city, but the residents of Pskov would not let him go. Metropolitan Feognost (Theognostus) arrived in Novgorod and he and Archbishop Moisei of Novgorod (1325–1330; 1352–1359) excommunicated the city at the behest of Ivan Kalita. In 1329, fulfilling the order of the khan, Ivan Kalita and many other princes declared war to Pskov. Aleksander fled into Lithuania and then to Sweden, after which the metropolitan lifted the ban of excommunication against Pskov. Aleksander returned to Pskov a year and a half later under the patronage of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. In 1335, Aleksandr sent his son, Fyodor, to the Horde in order to gain forgiveness. Two years later in 1337 he went there himself. Uzbeg Khan, at least for a time, forgave his old enemy and sent him back to Tver. This led to renewed hostilities with Moscow, which Tver' could not sustain. On October 29, 1339, Aleksandr and Fyodor were quartered (chopped into four pieces) in Sarai, the capital city of the Horde, by the orders of Uzbeg Khan. -
3:26Еле́ц / Yelets in pre -revolutionary photographs
Еле́ц / Yelets in pre -revolutionary photographsЕле́ц / Yelets in pre -revolutionary photographs
Дореволюционная Россия на фотографиях Еле́ц Pre-revolutionary Russia in photographs Yelets Yelets is the oldest center of the Central Black Earth Region. It was mentioned in historical documents as early as 1146, when it belonged to the Princes of Ryazan. The town's position at the very south of Russian lands made it an easy prey for Turkic conquerors. The Mongols burned it in 1239, Uzbeg Khan ravaged it in 1316, Timur sacked it in 1395, and the Tatars devastated it in 1414. In 1483, the Principality of Yelets was absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow, while the local Rurikid rulers (last heard of in the 19th century) entered the service of Ivan III. In 1591, Boris Godunov revived the largely deserted town by establishing a fortress in the town. In the 19th century, Yelets became the largest trade centre in the region. The town's chief landmark is the Ascension Cathedral, built between 1845–1889 by Konstantin Thon. Music: Petite suite: IV. Mazurka: Allegretto by Alexander Borodin -
5:29The Life And Death Of Mikhail of Tver
The Life And Death Of Mikhail of TverThe Life And Death Of Mikhail of Tver
Mikhail Yaroslavich (Russian: Михаил Ярославич) (1271 – 22 November 1318), also known as Michael of Tver or Michael the Saint, was a Prince of Tver (from 1285) who ruled as Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1304 until 1314 and again from 1315–1318. He is counted among the saints of the Russian Orthodox Church. Mikhail Yaroslavich was the second son of Yaroslav III (Yaroslav Yaroslavich), the younger brother of Aleksandr Nevsky, and succeeded him as Prince of Tver in 1285. His mother Xenia was the second spouse to Yaroslav III and is known as the saint Xenia of Tarusa. Upon the death of Andrei Aleksandrovich (Aleksandr Nevsky's son and Yaroslav's nephew), Mikhail became the Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1304, as was consistent with the Rota System of collateral succession that had been practised in Rus since the time of Yaroslav the Wise. He was confirmed in office by Tokhta, Khan of the Golden Horde. While he seemed secure in the throne, being the legitimate heir and having been confirmed by the Khan in Sarai, Grand Prince Mikhail suffered a series of setbacks as grand prince which led to him losing the grand princely office for both himself and, in some ways, ultimately for his descendants. He was, like most Grand Princes of Vladimir, accepted as Prince of Novgorod the Great in 1309, but fought with Novgorod, going so far as to withdraw his lieutenants (namestniki) and cut off grain shipments into the city in 1312. While he was on decent terms with Tokhta Khan, and initially with his successor, Uzbeg Khan (Mikhail paid homage on Uzbeg's accession to the throne in 1313 and remained in Sarai until 1315), he eventually lost influence to Yury of Moscow, who gained influence in Novgorod while the grand prince was away in Sarai. Mikhail did manage to finally take control of the city in 1316 with Mongol aid, but the following year Uzbeg Khan gave the yarlik or patent of office of the Grand Prince of Vladimir to Yury, who also married Uzbeg's sister. After granting Yury the iarlyk or patent of office, the Khan sent his army under the Mongol general Kavgadii to help Yuri in his struggle with Mikhail Yaroslavich. December 22, 1317 Mikhail defeated Yuri at a village called Bortenevo (40 km from Tver). Mikhail captured Yuri's wife, who was the Khan's sister. When she died in Mikhail's custody, he was blamed for her death, although it seems unlikely that he would have killed her knowing how much it would hurt him politically for such little gain. He released Kavgadii, who returned to Sarai and accused Mikhail of murdering the Khan's sister, withholding tribute, and warring against his Mongol overlord. As a result, Mikhail was summoned to the Horde by the Khan and executed on November 22, 1318. Mikhail and the Church Mikhail also alienated the Church, particularly Metropolitan Petr (r. 1308-1326). When Metropolitan Maksim died in 1305, Mikhail nominated another candidate, but Petr was consecrated by the Patriarch of Constantinople. Petr sided with Moscow and opposed Mikhail on several occasions. In 1309, he appointed David as Archbishop of Novgorod and David was instrumental in the argument that led Mikhail to withdraw his lieutenants and cut the grain supplies to the city. In 1314, Novgorod called on Yury to be named grand prince and for Mikhail to be deposed. Thus the support of the Church aided Yury to Mikhail's detriment. Despite his having been unfavored by the Russian Orthodox Church during his lifetime, the Church later declared Mikhail a saint. Family and children In 1294 Mikhail married Princess Anna of Rostov, daughter of Dimitry of Rostov. They had five children: Prince Dmitry of Tver (1299–1326) Prince Alexander of Tver (1301–1339) Prince Konstantin of Tver (1306–1346) Prince Vasily of Kashin (d. after 1368) Feodora of Tver Mikhail's sons and successors Dmitry the Terrible Eyes and Alexander were both also loved in the Horde, as was Alexander's elder son, Mikhail. Both Aleksandr Mikhailovich, and Mikhail Aleksandrovich briefly held the Grand Princely office (in 1326-1327 and 1371-1372 respectively) but Mikhail's failure to defeat Yury of Moscow, followed by Aleksandr's role (real or perceived) in the Tver Uprising of 1327, led the Tver branch to lose the favor of the Khans, and the Danilovich - the Muscovite princes, held the title for all but two years after 1317. Mikhail's wife took the veil in Kashin's nunnery and died there on October 2, 1368. She is commemorated as Anna of Kashin by the Russian Orthodox Church and was canonized in 1677. -
6:31The Life And Death Of Simeon of Moscow
The Life And Death Of Simeon of MoscowThe Life And Death Of Simeon of Moscow
Simeon Ivanovich Gordiy (the Proud) (Семён Иванович Гордый in Russian) (7 November 1316 – 27 April 1353) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir. Simeon continued his father's policies of supporting the Golden Horde and acting as its leading enforcer in Russia. Simeon's rule was marked by regular military and political standoffs against Novgorod Republic and Lithuania. His relationships with neighboring Russian principalities remained peaceful if not passive: Simeon stayed aside from conflicts between subordinate princes. He had recourse to war only when war was unavoidable. A relatively quiet period for Moscow was ended by the Black Death that claimed the lives of Simeon and his sons in 1353. In 1340 Simeon, the eldest son of Ivan Kalita, was stationed in Nizhny Novgorod. Upon receiving news of his father death, Simeon and his brothers Andrey and Ivan left for the Golden Horde to seek Uzbeg Khan's patent (yarlyk) for taking over the title of Grand Prince. Rivals Konstantin of Tver and Konstantin of Suzdal also paid their homage to the Khan, claiming seniority over Moscow princes. Simeon won the patent through bribing the Khan's retinue; princes of Tver and Suzdal had to agree to his seniority; Uzbeq also extended his benevolence to Simeon's issue. He was also granted the ceremonial title epi trapezes offikios (Greek: ό επί τραπέζης όφφίκιος) by the Byzantine Empire, which can be loosely translated as seneschal or stolnik. In the same 1340 Simeon engaged in his first military standoff with Veliky Novgorod. Simeon claimed his right to collect taxes in the Novgorodian town of Torzhok. Torzhok boyars locked up Simeon's tax collectors and called for help from Novgorod. Simeon and metropolitan Theognostus hastily organized a coalition of princes against Novgorod, claiming that "They [Novgorodians] make war and peace with whomever they please, consulting no one. Novgorod regards not all Russia, and will not obey her Grand Prince", referring to Novgorod incursions into Ustyuzhna and Beloe Ozero. As the coalition forces approached Novgorodian lands, the people of Torzhok revolted against the boyars and sided with Muscovite troops. Novgorod Republic accepted the fact and ceded all taxes from Torzhok area, estimated at 1,000 roubled in silver annually, to Simeon who agreed to honor the existing civic charter. In 1341, shortly after the dismissal of muscovite coalition army, Algirdas (then prince of Vitebsk, allied with prince of Smolensk) besieged Mozhaysk. News of the death of Gediminas forced Algirdas to quit the campaign before Simeon could arrange a military response. Uzbeg Khan, Simeon's sovereign, died soon afterwards; his successor, Jani Beg, secured the control of the Horde through killing his brothers. Simeon and Theognostus had to travel to the Horde again. Jani Beg reassured Simeon in his rights and let him go, but kept Theognostus hostage to extort money from the church; eventually, Theognostus was released for 600 roubles. In 1333, Simeon married Aigusta (Anastasia), sister of Algirdas. After her death in 1345, Simeon married Eupraxia of Smolensk, but soon sent her back to her family, claiming that Eupraxia was cursed since wedding and "appears to be dead each night". Eupraxia remarried Prince Fominsky, and Simeon married Maria of Tver; their four sons died in infancy. Throughout the 1340s Lithuanian and Swedish military campaigns and internal political disarray decreased the influence of the Novgorod Republic. Simeon, whose title of Grand Prince obliged him to protect Novgorod, was reluctant to do so, as if expecting the weakened republic to collapse for his own benefit. In 1347, when Novgorodians called for help against the Swedes, Simeon dispatched his brother Ivan and Constantine of Rostov; the envoys refused to fight for the Novgorodians. Simeon himself was busy with offsetting the Lithuanians' influence in the Horde, meanwhile harboring two renegade Lithuanian princes as potential claimants to the Lithuanian crown. He manipulated Jani Beg into believing that increasing Lithuanian influence became the most important threat to the Horde. -
7:26Dr Latif Pedram exposes the truth about Amanullah Khan
Dr Latif Pedram exposes the truth about Amanullah KhanDr Latif Pedram exposes the truth about Amanullah Khan
www.Tajikam.com Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated and imposed by the British on Khurasan / Khorasan Zameen. Greater Khorasan consisted of Tajikistan, Samarqand Bukhara, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Parwan kapisa panjshir samangan faryab kunduz kabul ghazni bamiyan herat kandahar helmand farah nemroz ghor etc., and the people of greater khorasan speak Farsi which is the same as Parsi, Persian, Dari and Tajiki. Pashto Pakhto Pashtun pashtoon pakhtun are the nomadic and tribal people who are synanymous with Taliban and they live in southern Khorasan (afghanistan) and they make up about one quarter of the population while the rest of the country is farsi speaker or farsi zabans. Awghanistan Pashto song, its also Pashtoon, Pakhtoon, Pakhtun, Pashtun, Pakhto khurasan khorasan khorasani ahmad shah massoud panjshir parwan kapisa mazar takhar badakhshan baghlan kunduz salang kabul logar paktia paktika kunar wardak kandahar khost helmand ghazni laghman karzai farsi dari parsi hazaragi pashto pashtun pakhtu pakhto pashtoon pakhtun peshawar zazai mangal zadran tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukhara taliban ariana aryana bayat afghanmellat malalay joya gailani mojadidi wardak bamiyan bagram samangan sayyaf rabbani rashid dostam dustom abdul ali mazari qanoni marshal abdul qasim fahim abdullah abdullah khalili latif pedram ahmad zahir nashinas farhad darya ehsan aman afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia pa afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia paktika baghlan jawozjan faryab shiberghan andkhoi akhcha ghor badghis herat helmand farah nimroz kandahar helmand peshawar mullah omar taliban karzai zahir shah abdali pashtoon pashtun pakhtun pakhtoon pukhtun zazai mangal zadran laghman shinwari uzbek hazara hazaragi uzbekistan tajik tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukahra hamid karzai ahmad shah massoud masood qanooni mohaqiq khalili marshal fahim iran persian mazar farsi parsi dari khorasan khurasan khorasani aryana arian aria ahmad zahir farhad darya ehsan aman nashinas buxara bukhara boxara bokhara Ariana Aryana Khorasan Khoorasan Afghanistan Afgan Afghan Pakhtun pakhtoon Pakhto Pakhtu Pokhto Pukhtun Pekhawar Peshawar andarab shahnameh shahnama ferdousi ferdowsi tazhik tajik tadjik Tojik Tojikiston Iron Kurd Arab Palestine Terrorist Terrorism criminal America Los angeles San francisco Pakistan Mongols Mughul Uzbek Uzbak Uzbekistan Turkmen Turkmenistan Shindand Kabul Kabol Cabul English England Britian Computer Internet Karzai Badakhshi Massoud Masood Masoud Ahmad Shah ghor ghorband Aria Heraiva Beruni Khayyam Mawlana Rumi Mevlana Persian Parsian Persien death to Afghanistan long live Khorasan Khorasan Afghani Afghan Afghanistani Awgho Awghani Owghan Owghoo Termez Uzbeg Uzbak Uzbek Boxoro Samarkand Khiva Khaharezm Mowlana Mevlana Samarghand Samarqand Samarkand Samarakand Maruf Maruv Taleban Taleb Tazhik Tazik Taajik Afzalsho Afzal Shoh Shadi Shodi Shodiev Shodiov -
7:20Dr Latif Pedram exposes the crimes of Amanullah Khan
Dr Latif Pedram exposes the crimes of Amanullah KhanDr Latif Pedram exposes the crimes of Amanullah Khan
http://www.Tajikam.com Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated and imposed by the British on Khurasan / Khorasan Zameen. Greater Khorasan consisted of Tajikistan, Samarqand Bukhara, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Parwan kapisa panjshir samangan faryab kunduz kabul ghazni bamiyan herat kandahar helmand farah nemroz ghor etc., and the people of greater khorasan speak Farsi which is the same as Parsi, Persian, Dari and Tajiki. Pashto Pakhto Pashtun pashtoon pakhtun are the nomadic and tribal people who are synanymous with Taliban and they live in southern Khorasan (afghanistan) and they make up about one quarter of the population while the rest of the country is farsi speaker or farsi zabans. Awghanistan Pashto song, its also Pashtoon, Pakhtoon, Pakhtun, Pashtun, Pakhto khurasan khorasan khorasani ahmad shah massoud panjshir parwan kapisa mazar takhar badakhshan baghlan kunduz salang kabul logar paktia paktika kunar wardak kandahar khost helmand ghazni laghman karzai farsi dari parsi hazaragi pashto pashtun pakhtu pakhto pashtoon pakhtun peshawar zazai mangal zadran tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukhara taliban ariana aryana bayat afghanmellat malalay joya gailani mojadidi wardak bamiyan bagram samangan sayyaf rabbani rashid dostam dustom abdul ali mazari qanoni marshal abdul qasim fahim abdullah abdullah khalili latif pedram ahmad zahir nashinas farhad darya ehsan aman afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia pa afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia paktika baghlan jawozjan faryab shiberghan andkhoi akhcha ghor badghis herat helmand farah nimroz kandahar helmand peshawar mullah omar taliban karzai zahir shah abdali pashtoon pashtun pakhtun pakhtoon pukhtun zazai mangal zadran laghman shinwari uzbek hazara hazaragi uzbekistan tajik tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukahra hamid karzai ahmad shah massoud masood qanooni mohaqiq khalili marshal fahim iran persian mazar farsi parsi dari khorasan khurasan khorasani aryana arian aria ahmad zahir farhad darya ehsan aman nashinas buxara bukhara boxara bokhara Ariana Aryana Khorasan Khoorasan Afghanistan Afgan Afghan Pakhtun pakhtoon Pakhto Pakhtu Pokhto Pukhtun Pekhawar Peshawar andarab shahnameh shahnama ferdousi ferdowsi tazhik tajik tadjik Tojik Tojikiston Iron Kurd Arab Palestine Terrorist Terrorism criminal America Los angeles San francisco Pakistan Mongols Mughul Uzbek Uzbak Uzbekistan Turkmen Turkmenistan Shindand Kabul Kabol Cabul English England Britian Computer Internet Karzai Badakhshi Massoud Masood Masoud Ahmad Shah ghor ghorband Aria Heraiva Beruni Khayyam Mawlana Rumi Mevlana Persian Parsian Persien death to Afghanistan long live Khorasan Khorasan Afghani Afghan Afghanistani Awgho Awghani Owghan Owghoo Termez Uzbeg Uzbak Uzbek Boxoro Samarkand Khiva Khaharezm Mowlana Mevlana Samarghand Samarqand Samarkand Samarakand Maruf Maruv Taleban Taleb Tazhik Tazik Taajik Afzalsho Afzal Shoh Shadi Shodi Shodiev Shodiov -
8:01Pashtun Heroes and Leaders
Pashtun Heroes and LeadersPashtun Heroes and Leaders
A video of pashtun afghan kings and poets that have contributed to afghan history through the course of Aryana's existence. If i missed anyone, please let me know in the comments box! Afghan, Pashtun, Afghanistan, Loy Afghanistan, Attan, Rabab Music, Pashto, Farsi, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Hazaras, Turkmens, Iranian Peoples, Taliban, Haqqani Network, Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh, Kandahar, Helmand, Paktia, Ghor, Logar, Ghazni, Herat, Badakshan, Bamiyan, Kunduz, Faryab, Sheberghan, Nuristan, Khost, Kapisa, Nangarhar, Jalalabad, Uruzgan, Daykundi, Gardez, Sar-e-Pul, Quetta, Peshawar, Khyber, Waziristan, Aryana, Aryans, Khorasan, Hindu Kush, Pamir, Bactria, Mirwais Hotaki, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Khushal Khan Khattak, Pir Roshan, Ahmad Shah Massoud, Burhanuddin Rabbani, Atta Muhammad Nur, Abdullah Abdullah, Abdul Rashid Dostum, Hamid Karzai, Hekmatyar, Mullah Omar, Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, Hakimullah Mehsud, Daoud Khan, Gul Agha Sherzai, Zahir Shah, Mahmood Khan Achakzai, Mohammad Najibullah, Loya Jirga, Afghan Grand Assembly, Islam, Sunni, Shia, Genghis Khan, Mongols, Hazarajat, Hazaragi, Pashtunistan, Balochistan, Takhar, Iran, Cyrus The Great, Baghlan, Parwan, Panjsher, Laghman, Wardak, Zadran, Bangash, Afridi, Kakar, Safi, Khogyani, Ghilzai, Durrani, Shinwari, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Durand Line, Abasin, Amu Darya, Baloch, Marshal Fahim, Samarkand, Sulaiman Mountains, Tora Bora, Musakhel, Jadoon, Karlan, Akakhel, Turi, Tanoli, Ghazal, Shamshad TV, Lemar TV, Buzkashi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Soviet War, Kushan Empire, Hephthalites, Kunar, Godar, Pactyans, Pakhtrians, Kashmir, Ibrahim Lodhi, Sher Shah Suri, Mughals, Delhi Sultanate, Dari, Lashkar Gah, Northern Alliance, Opium, Heroin, Pata Khazana, Amir Kror Suri, Ashraf Hotaki, Abdul Hai Habibi, Abdul Hamid Baba, Ammer Hamza Shinwari, Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Rahman Baba, Ajmal Khattak, Mahmud Hotaki, Pashtoon, Uzbeg, Kuchi, Persia, Persian, Pokhton, Pukhtun, Pakhtun, Pakhtunistan, Kochi, Lungee, Lungay, Paktay, Pakol, Kalash, Kalasha, Kafirs, Kafiristan, Chitral, Nooristani, Ayub Khan, Kochay, Kochai, Watan Forosh, Khurasan, Zoroaster, Badghis, Farah, Maidan Wardak, Nimruz, Samangan, Parun, Malalai Joya, Malala Yousafzai, FATA, Shamali, Charikar, Surobi, Paghman, Kalakan, Abdur Rahman Khan, Avesta, Dadullah Akhund, Silk Road, Alexander The Great, Iskander, Ghosts of Alexander, The Pathans, Pukhtoons, Turkestan, Swat Valley, Sistan, Kharoti, Khankhel, Kakazai, Afghan Girl, Sharbat Gula, Graveyard Of Empires -
11:31Tengrism - Ancient Religion Of The Turkic People
Tengrism - Ancient Religion Of The Turkic PeopleTengrism - Ancient Religion Of The Turkic People
Tengrism (sometimes stylized as Tengriism), occasionally referred to as Tengrianism , is a modern term for a Central Asian religion characterized by features of shamanism, animism, totemism, both polytheism and monotheism, and ancestor worship. Historically, it was the prevailing religion of the Turks, Mongols, Bulgars, and Hungarians, as well as the Xiongnu and the Huns. It was the state religion of the six ancient Turkic states: Göktürks Khaganate, Avar Khaganate, Western Turkic Khaganate, Great Bulgaria, Bulgarian Empire and Eastern Tourkia. As a modern revival, Tengrism has been advocated among intellectual circles of the Turkic nations of Central Asia, including Tatarstan, Buryatia, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, in the years following the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1990s to present). It is still actively practiced and undergoing an organised revival in Yakutia, Khakassia, Tuva, and other Turkic nations in Siberia. Burkhanism is a movement kindred to Tengrism concentrated in Altay. Khukh and Tengri literally mean "blue" and "sky" in Mongolian and modern Mongolians still pray to "Munkh Khukh Tengri" ("Eternal Blue Sky"). Therefore Mongolia is sometimes poetically referred to by Mongolians as the "Land of Eternal Blue Sky" ("Munkh Khukh Tengriin Oron" in Mongolian). In modern Turkey Tengriism is also known as the Göktanrı dini, "Sky God religion", Turkish "Gök" (sky) and "Tanrı" (God) corresponding to the Mongolian khukh (blue) and Tengri (sky), respectively. s first visit is believed to be very important. Drinking Turkish coffee with your friend is believed to be worth 40 years of friendship. (The expression 'Bir fincan kahvenin kırk yıl hatırı vardır' means 'Drinking one cup of Turkish coffee together with your friend will not be forgotten for 40 years.') There is a convectional rainfall type in Turkey called Kırkikindi (Kırk+ikindi, where ikindi means mid-afternoon) which is believed to fall 40 days. In Turkey, among children, Moon is called Ay Dede (Moon The Grandfather) who is considered to be the moon-god living in the sixth floor of the sky. At nights, tales are being told about him to children by their parents for them to go to sleep. The nursery rhyme ay dede ay dede, senin evin nerede? (Grandfather Moon, Grandfather Moon, where is your home?) is popular among children. The word Kyrgyz means We are forty in the Kyrgyz language. Regarding the importance of the number, Kyrgyzstan's flag has a symbol of 40 uniformly spaced rays. A legendary hero called Manas is believed to have 40 regional clans. Tengrist Khazars aided Heraclius by sending 40,000 soldiers during a joint Byzantine-Göktürk operation against Persians. A number of Kyrgyz politicians are actively pushing Tengrism, to fill the ideological void. Dastan Sarygulov, secretary of state and formerly chair of the Kyrgyz state gold mining company, has established Tengir Ordo (tr) (Army of Tengri) which is a civic group that seeks to promote the values and traditions of the Tengrism. There is a Tengrist society in Bishkek, which officially claims almost 500,000 followers and an international scientific center of Tengrist studies. Both institutions are run by Dastan Sarygulov, the main theorist of Tengrism in Kyrgyzstan and a member of the Parliament. Publications committed to the subject of Tengrism are more and more frequently published in scientific journals of human sciences in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The partisans of this movement endeavor to influence the political circles and have succeeded in spreading their concepts into the governing bodies. Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev and even more frequently former Kyrgyz president Askar Akayev have mentioned that Tengrism is the national and "natural" religion of the Turkic peoples. Historical Tengrism surrounded the cult of the sky god and chief deity Tengri and incorporated elements of shamanism, animism, totemism and ancestor worship. It lost its importance when the Uighuric kagans proclaimed Manichaeism the state religion in the 8th century. Tengriism also played a large part in the religious denomination of the Gok-Turk Empire and the Great Mongol Empire. The name "Gok-Turk" translates as "Celestial Turk" which directly points out to the devotion to Tengriism. In the 13th century, Genghis Khan and several generations of his followers were also Tengrian believers until his fifth generation descendent Uzbeg Khan turned to Islam in the 14th century
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The Life And Death Of Yury of Moscow
Yuriy Danilovich, also known as Georgiy Danilovich (Юрий Данилович in Russian) (1281 – November 21, 1325) was Prince of Moscow (1303–1325) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1318). Yury was the oldest son of Daniel, the first prince of Moscow. His first official action was to defend Pereslavl-Zalessky against Grand Duke Andrew III. Upon Andrew's death the next year, Yury had to contend the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir with Mikhail of Tver. While the Tverian army besieged Pereslavl and Moscow itself, Mikhail went to the Golden Horde, where the Khan elevated him to the supreme position among Russian princes. In the meantime, Yury arranged the murder of Prince Konstantin of Ryazan. This unlucky ruler had been captured by Yury's father back in 1302 and had been incarcerated in Moscow sinc...
published: 13 May 2015 -
The Life And Death Of Dmitry of Tver
Dmitry Mikhaylovich of Tver (Russian: Дми́трий Миха́йлович Тверcко́й) (1299 – September 15, 1326), nicknamed The Fearsome Eyes (Гро́зные О́чи), was a Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1322 to 1326) and Grand Prince of Tver (from 1318 to 1326). He was a son of Mikhail of Tver and Anna of Kashin. Dmitry continued his father's fight with Grand Prince Yuri Danilovich of Moscow for the yarlik (also iarlik) that is, the diploma or patent of office for the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir, which was granted by the Khan of the Golden Horde. The title was much desired because the Grand Prince of Vladimir was the khan's tax-collector in Rus', and as such could gain authority and real power over the other princes of Rus'. Following Yury's machinations which led the khan to grant the yarlik to Moscow ...
published: 13 May 2015 -
The Life And Death Of Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
Grand Prince Alexander or Aleksandr Mikhailovich (Russian: Александр Михайлович Тверской; 7 October 1301 – 29 October 1339) was a Prince of Tver as Alexander I and Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal as Alexander II. Aleksandr was a second son of Prince Mikhail of Tver by his wife, Anna of Kashin. As a young man, his appanages included Kholm and Mikulin. In 1322, he continued the Tver princes' opposition to the rise of Moscow when he rather spectacularly waylaid Grand Prince Yury of Moscow (who had schemed against Aleksandr's father to gain the yarlyk or patent of office from the khan of the Golden Horde, the Mongol kingdom which ruled Russia and much of central Asia in the 13th and 14th centuries) as Yury journeyed with the tribute[to whom?] from Novgorod to Moscow. Four years later, Aleksa...
published: 13 May 2015 -
Еле́ц / Yelets in pre -revolutionary photographs
Дореволюционная Россия на фотографиях Еле́ц Pre-revolutionary Russia in photographs Yelets Yelets is the oldest center of the Central Black Earth Region. It was mentioned in historical documents as early as 1146, when it belonged to the Princes of Ryazan. The town's position at the very south of Russian lands made it an easy prey for Turkic conquerors. The Mongols burned it in 1239, Uzbeg Khan ravaged it in 1316, Timur sacked it in 1395, and the Tatars devastated it in 1414. In 1483, the Principality of Yelets was absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow, while the local Rurikid rulers (last heard of in the 19th century) entered the service of Ivan III. In 1591, Boris Godunov revived the largely deserted town by establishing a fortress in the town. In the 19th century, Yelets became the lar...
published: 06 Apr 2016 -
The Life And Death Of Mikhail of Tver
Mikhail Yaroslavich (Russian: Михаил Ярославич) (1271 – 22 November 1318), also known as Michael of Tver or Michael the Saint, was a Prince of Tver (from 1285) who ruled as Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1304 until 1314 and again from 1315–1318. He is counted among the saints of the Russian Orthodox Church. Mikhail Yaroslavich was the second son of Yaroslav III (Yaroslav Yaroslavich), the younger brother of Aleksandr Nevsky, and succeeded him as Prince of Tver in 1285. His mother Xenia was the second spouse to Yaroslav III and is known as the saint Xenia of Tarusa. Upon the death of Andrei Aleksandrovich (Aleksandr Nevsky's son and Yaroslav's nephew), Mikhail became the Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1304, as was consistent with the Rota System of collateral succession that had been practised...
published: 13 May 2015 -
The Life And Death Of Simeon of Moscow
Simeon Ivanovich Gordiy (the Proud) (Семён Иванович Гордый in Russian) (7 November 1316 – 27 April 1353) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir. Simeon continued his father's policies of supporting the Golden Horde and acting as its leading enforcer in Russia. Simeon's rule was marked by regular military and political standoffs against Novgorod Republic and Lithuania. His relationships with neighboring Russian principalities remained peaceful if not passive: Simeon stayed aside from conflicts between subordinate princes. He had recourse to war only when war was unavoidable. A relatively quiet period for Moscow was ended by the Black Death that claimed the lives of Simeon and his sons in 1353. In 1340 Simeon, the eldest son of Ivan Kalita, was stationed in Nizhny Novgorod. Upon ...
published: 13 May 2015 -
Dr Latif Pedram exposes the truth about Amanullah Khan
www.Tajikam.com Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated and imposed by the British on Khurasan / Khorasan Zameen. Greater Khorasan consisted of Tajikistan, Samarqand Bukhara, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Parwan kapisa panjshir samangan faryab kunduz kabul ghazni bamiyan herat kandahar helmand farah nemroz ghor etc., and the people of greater khorasan speak Farsi which is the same as Parsi, Persian, Dari and Tajiki. Pashto Pakhto Pashtun pashtoon pakhtun are the nomadic and tribal people who are synanymous with Taliban and they live in southern Khorasan (afghanistan) and they make up about one quarter of the population while the rest of the country is farsi speaker or farsi zabans. Awghani...
published: 02 Sep 2008 -
Dr Latif Pedram exposes the crimes of Amanullah Khan
http://www.Tajikam.com Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated and imposed by the British on Khurasan / Khorasan Zameen. Greater Khorasan consisted of Tajikistan, Samarqand Bukhara, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Parwan kapisa panjshir samangan faryab kunduz kabul ghazni bamiyan herat kandahar helmand farah nemroz ghor etc., and the people of greater khorasan speak Farsi which is the same as Parsi, Persian, Dari and Tajiki. Pashto Pakhto Pashtun pashtoon pakhtun are the nomadic and tribal people who are synanymous with Taliban and they live in southern Khorasan (afghanistan) and they make up about one quarter of the population while the rest of the country is farsi speaker or farsi zabans. ...
published: 02 Sep 2008 -
Pashtun Heroes and Leaders
A video of pashtun afghan kings and poets that have contributed to afghan history through the course of Aryana's existence. If i missed anyone, please let me know in the comments box! Afghan, Pashtun, Afghanistan, Loy Afghanistan, Attan, Rabab Music, Pashto, Farsi, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Hazaras, Turkmens, Iranian Peoples, Taliban, Haqqani Network, Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh, Kandahar, Helmand, Paktia, Ghor, Logar, Ghazni, Herat, Badakshan, Bamiyan, Kunduz, Faryab, Sheberghan, Nuristan, Khost, Kapisa, Nangarhar, Jalalabad, Uruzgan, Daykundi, Gardez, Sar-e-Pul, Quetta, Peshawar, Khyber, Waziristan, Aryana, Aryans, Khorasan, Hindu Kush, Pamir, Bactria, Mirwais Hotaki, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Khushal Khan Khattak, Pir Roshan, Ahmad Shah Massoud, Burhanuddin Rabbani, Atta Muhammad Nur, Abdullah Abdull...
published: 09 Feb 2014 -
Tengrism - Ancient Religion Of The Turkic People
Tengrism (sometimes stylized as Tengriism), occasionally referred to as Tengrianism , is a modern term for a Central Asian religion characterized by features of shamanism, animism, totemism, both polytheism and monotheism, and ancestor worship. Historically, it was the prevailing religion of the Turks, Mongols, Bulgars, and Hungarians, as well as the Xiongnu and the Huns. It was the state religion of the six ancient Turkic states: Göktürks Khaganate, Avar Khaganate, Western Turkic Khaganate, Great Bulgaria, Bulgarian Empire and Eastern Tourkia. As a modern revival, Tengrism has been advocated among intellectual circles of the Turkic nations of Central Asia, including Tatarstan, Buryatia, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, in the years following the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1990s to presen...
published: 01 Feb 2014
The Life And Death Of Yury of Moscow
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:03
- Updated: 13 May 2015
- views: 20
Yuriy Danilovich, also known as Georgiy Danilovich (Юрий Данилович in Russian) (1281 – November 21, 1325) was Prince of Moscow (1303–1325) and Grand Prince of V...
Yuriy Danilovich, also known as Georgiy Danilovich (Юрий Данилович in Russian) (1281 – November 21, 1325) was Prince of Moscow (1303–1325) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1318).
Yury was the oldest son of Daniel, the first prince of Moscow. His first official action was to defend Pereslavl-Zalessky against Grand Duke Andrew III. Upon Andrew's death the next year, Yury had to contend the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir with Mikhail of Tver. While the Tverian army besieged Pereslavl and Moscow itself, Mikhail went to the Golden Horde, where the Khan elevated him to the supreme position among Russian princes.
In the meantime, Yury arranged the murder of Prince Konstantin of Ryazan. This unlucky ruler had been captured by Yury's father back in 1302 and had been incarcerated in Moscow since then. While Ryazan was shocked by such a barbarity, Yury annexed the key Ryazanian fortress of Kolomna to Moscow Duchy. He also captured Mozhaisk, which formerly belonged to the princes of Smolensk. By 1314, Yury secured backing from the Metropolitan Peter and formed an alliance with Novgorod against Tver. Now, he felt strong enough to challenge Mikhail of Tver in the Horde.
In 1315 Yury went to the Golden Horde and, after spending two years there, constructed an alliance with Uzbeg Khan. Upon Yury's marriage to the khan's sister Konchaka, Uzbeg Khan deposed Mikhail and nominated Yury as the Grand Duke of Vladimir. Back in Russia with a large force of Mongols, Yury approached Tver. However, Yuri's army was defeated and his brother Boris and his wife were taken prisoners. Thereupon he fled to Novgorod and sued for peace. At that time his wife, still held in Tver as a hostage, died unexpectedly. Yury availed himself of the confusion that followed and announced to the khan that she had been poisoned on Mikhail's order. The khan summoned both princes to Sarai and, after a trial, had Mikhail executed.
Yury returned to Russia, hated by other princes and populace alike, in 1319. He was now entrusted with the task of gathering all-Russian tribute to the Horde. But Mikhail's son and successor, Dmitry the Terrible Eyes, still opposed him. In 1322, Dmitry, seeking revenge for his father's murder, went to Sarai and persuaded the khan that Yury had appropriated a large portion of the tribute due to the Horde. Yury was summoned to the Horde for a trial but, before any formal investigation, was killed by Dmitry. Eight months later, Dmitry was also executed in the Horde.
Shortly before his death, Yury led the army of Novgorod to fight the Swedes and founded a fort in the mouth of the Neva River. Upon signing the Treaty of Orekhovo in 1323, Yury continued eastward and conquered Velikiy Ustyug the same year.
wn.com/The Life And Death Of Yury Of Moscow
Yuriy Danilovich, also known as Georgiy Danilovich (Юрий Данилович in Russian) (1281 – November 21, 1325) was Prince of Moscow (1303–1325) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1318).
Yury was the oldest son of Daniel, the first prince of Moscow. His first official action was to defend Pereslavl-Zalessky against Grand Duke Andrew III. Upon Andrew's death the next year, Yury had to contend the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir with Mikhail of Tver. While the Tverian army besieged Pereslavl and Moscow itself, Mikhail went to the Golden Horde, where the Khan elevated him to the supreme position among Russian princes.
In the meantime, Yury arranged the murder of Prince Konstantin of Ryazan. This unlucky ruler had been captured by Yury's father back in 1302 and had been incarcerated in Moscow since then. While Ryazan was shocked by such a barbarity, Yury annexed the key Ryazanian fortress of Kolomna to Moscow Duchy. He also captured Mozhaisk, which formerly belonged to the princes of Smolensk. By 1314, Yury secured backing from the Metropolitan Peter and formed an alliance with Novgorod against Tver. Now, he felt strong enough to challenge Mikhail of Tver in the Horde.
In 1315 Yury went to the Golden Horde and, after spending two years there, constructed an alliance with Uzbeg Khan. Upon Yury's marriage to the khan's sister Konchaka, Uzbeg Khan deposed Mikhail and nominated Yury as the Grand Duke of Vladimir. Back in Russia with a large force of Mongols, Yury approached Tver. However, Yuri's army was defeated and his brother Boris and his wife were taken prisoners. Thereupon he fled to Novgorod and sued for peace. At that time his wife, still held in Tver as a hostage, died unexpectedly. Yury availed himself of the confusion that followed and announced to the khan that she had been poisoned on Mikhail's order. The khan summoned both princes to Sarai and, after a trial, had Mikhail executed.
Yury returned to Russia, hated by other princes and populace alike, in 1319. He was now entrusted with the task of gathering all-Russian tribute to the Horde. But Mikhail's son and successor, Dmitry the Terrible Eyes, still opposed him. In 1322, Dmitry, seeking revenge for his father's murder, went to Sarai and persuaded the khan that Yury had appropriated a large portion of the tribute due to the Horde. Yury was summoned to the Horde for a trial but, before any formal investigation, was killed by Dmitry. Eight months later, Dmitry was also executed in the Horde.
Shortly before his death, Yury led the army of Novgorod to fight the Swedes and founded a fort in the mouth of the Neva River. Upon signing the Treaty of Orekhovo in 1323, Yury continued eastward and conquered Velikiy Ustyug the same year.
- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 20
The Life And Death Of Dmitry of Tver
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:28
- Updated: 13 May 2015
- views: 7
Dmitry Mikhaylovich of Tver (Russian: Дми́трий Миха́йлович Тверcко́й) (1299 – September 15, 1326), nicknamed The Fearsome Eyes (Гро́зные О́чи), was a Grand Prin...
Dmitry Mikhaylovich of Tver (Russian: Дми́трий Миха́йлович Тверcко́й) (1299 – September 15, 1326), nicknamed The Fearsome Eyes (Гро́зные О́чи), was a Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1322 to 1326) and Grand Prince of Tver (from 1318 to 1326). He was a son of Mikhail of Tver and Anna of Kashin.
Dmitry continued his father's fight with Grand Prince Yuri Danilovich of Moscow for the yarlik (also iarlik) that is, the diploma or patent of office for the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir, which was granted by the Khan of the Golden Horde. The title was much desired because the Grand Prince of Vladimir was the khan's tax-collector in Rus', and as such could gain authority and real power over the other princes of Rus'.
Following Yury's machinations which led the khan to grant the yarlik to Moscow and their father's execution at the Horde in 1318, Dmitry and his brother, Alexander, fought a series of battles with Yury and intrigued against him at the Horde, culminating in Dmitry's acquisition of the yarlik of office for the grand princely throne in 1322 and his murder of Yury at the Horde (in Sarai) three years later. Dmitry was himself arrested for the murder and executed in Sarai on the orders of Uzbeg Khan in 1326. His remains were taken back to Tver and interred in the cathedral there.
wn.com/The Life And Death Of Dmitry Of Tver
Dmitry Mikhaylovich of Tver (Russian: Дми́трий Миха́йлович Тверcко́й) (1299 – September 15, 1326), nicknamed The Fearsome Eyes (Гро́зные О́чи), was a Grand Prince of Vladimir (from 1322 to 1326) and Grand Prince of Tver (from 1318 to 1326). He was a son of Mikhail of Tver and Anna of Kashin.
Dmitry continued his father's fight with Grand Prince Yuri Danilovich of Moscow for the yarlik (also iarlik) that is, the diploma or patent of office for the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir, which was granted by the Khan of the Golden Horde. The title was much desired because the Grand Prince of Vladimir was the khan's tax-collector in Rus', and as such could gain authority and real power over the other princes of Rus'.
Following Yury's machinations which led the khan to grant the yarlik to Moscow and their father's execution at the Horde in 1318, Dmitry and his brother, Alexander, fought a series of battles with Yury and intrigued against him at the Horde, culminating in Dmitry's acquisition of the yarlik of office for the grand princely throne in 1322 and his murder of Yury at the Horde (in Sarai) three years later. Dmitry was himself arrested for the murder and executed in Sarai on the orders of Uzbeg Khan in 1326. His remains were taken back to Tver and interred in the cathedral there.
- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 7
The Life And Death Of Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 13 May 2015
- views: 25
Grand Prince Alexander or Aleksandr Mikhailovich (Russian: Александр Михайлович Тверской; 7 October 1301 – 29 October 1339) was a Prince of Tver as Alexander I ...
Grand Prince Alexander or Aleksandr Mikhailovich (Russian: Александр Михайлович Тверской; 7 October 1301 – 29 October 1339) was a Prince of Tver as Alexander I and Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal as Alexander II.
Aleksandr was a second son of Prince Mikhail of Tver by his wife, Anna of Kashin. As a young man, his appanages included Kholm and Mikulin. In 1322, he continued the Tver princes' opposition to the rise of Moscow when he rather spectacularly waylaid Grand Prince Yury of Moscow (who had schemed against Aleksandr's father to gain the yarlyk or patent of office from the khan of the Golden Horde, the Mongol kingdom which ruled Russia and much of central Asia in the 13th and 14th centuries) as Yury journeyed with the tribute[to whom?] from Novgorod to Moscow.
Four years later, Aleksandr succeeded his childless brother Dmitry the Terrible Eyes who had been executed on behest of Uzbeg Khan in the Horde after Dmitry avenged his father's death by murdering Yury.
In 1327, a Tatar official, the Baskaki Shevkal (the cousin of Uzbeg), arrived in Tver from the Horde, with a large retinue. They took up residence at Aleksandr's palace and, according to chronicle reports, started terrorizing the city, randomly robbing and killing. Rumors spread that Shevkal wanted to kill the prince, occupy the throne for himself and introduce Islam to the city. When, on 15 August 1327, the Tatars tried to take a horse from a deacon named Dyudko, he cried for help and a mob of furious people rushed on the Tatars and killed them all. Shevkal and his remaining guards were burnt alive in one of the houses where they had attempted to hide.
The massacre led inevitably to Tatar reprisals. Indeed, the whole incident may have been a provocation by the Tatars to destroy Aleksandr and the Tver princes. Ivan Kalita of Moscow, brother of Yury of Moscow who had been murdered by Dmitri the Terrible Eyes in 1322, immediately went to the Horde and, before Aleksandr had time to justify himself to Uzbeg Khan, persuaded the khan to grant Moscow the yarlik or patent of office for the throne of Vladimir. The khan also sent Ivan at the head of an army of 50,000 soldiers to punish Tver. Alexander fled with his family to Novgorod, but he was not accepted there for fear of the Tatars, so he went on to Pskov.
Pskov not only allowed Aleksandr to enter their city, but made him their prince. Desiring to save the Russian land from further devastation — had Ivan Kalita left Aleksandr in Pskov, the Tatars would have certainly sent another punitive expedition which would have destroyed that city — Aleksandr agreed to abandon the city, but the residents of Pskov would not let him go. Metropolitan Feognost (Theognostus) arrived in Novgorod and he and Archbishop Moisei of Novgorod (1325–1330; 1352–1359) excommunicated the city at the behest of Ivan Kalita. In 1329, fulfilling the order of the khan, Ivan Kalita and many other princes declared war to Pskov. Aleksander fled into Lithuania and then to Sweden, after which the metropolitan lifted the ban of excommunication against Pskov. Aleksander returned to Pskov a year and a half later under the patronage of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
In 1335, Aleksandr sent his son, Fyodor, to the Horde in order to gain forgiveness. Two years later in 1337 he went there himself. Uzbeg Khan, at least for a time, forgave his old enemy and sent him back to Tver. This led to renewed hostilities with Moscow, which Tver' could not sustain.
On October 29, 1339, Aleksandr and Fyodor were quartered (chopped into four pieces) in Sarai, the capital city of the Horde, by the orders of Uzbeg Khan.
wn.com/The Life And Death Of Aleksandr Mikhailovich Of Tver
Grand Prince Alexander or Aleksandr Mikhailovich (Russian: Александр Михайлович Тверской; 7 October 1301 – 29 October 1339) was a Prince of Tver as Alexander I and Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal as Alexander II.
Aleksandr was a second son of Prince Mikhail of Tver by his wife, Anna of Kashin. As a young man, his appanages included Kholm and Mikulin. In 1322, he continued the Tver princes' opposition to the rise of Moscow when he rather spectacularly waylaid Grand Prince Yury of Moscow (who had schemed against Aleksandr's father to gain the yarlyk or patent of office from the khan of the Golden Horde, the Mongol kingdom which ruled Russia and much of central Asia in the 13th and 14th centuries) as Yury journeyed with the tribute[to whom?] from Novgorod to Moscow.
Four years later, Aleksandr succeeded his childless brother Dmitry the Terrible Eyes who had been executed on behest of Uzbeg Khan in the Horde after Dmitry avenged his father's death by murdering Yury.
In 1327, a Tatar official, the Baskaki Shevkal (the cousin of Uzbeg), arrived in Tver from the Horde, with a large retinue. They took up residence at Aleksandr's palace and, according to chronicle reports, started terrorizing the city, randomly robbing and killing. Rumors spread that Shevkal wanted to kill the prince, occupy the throne for himself and introduce Islam to the city. When, on 15 August 1327, the Tatars tried to take a horse from a deacon named Dyudko, he cried for help and a mob of furious people rushed on the Tatars and killed them all. Shevkal and his remaining guards were burnt alive in one of the houses where they had attempted to hide.
The massacre led inevitably to Tatar reprisals. Indeed, the whole incident may have been a provocation by the Tatars to destroy Aleksandr and the Tver princes. Ivan Kalita of Moscow, brother of Yury of Moscow who had been murdered by Dmitri the Terrible Eyes in 1322, immediately went to the Horde and, before Aleksandr had time to justify himself to Uzbeg Khan, persuaded the khan to grant Moscow the yarlik or patent of office for the throne of Vladimir. The khan also sent Ivan at the head of an army of 50,000 soldiers to punish Tver. Alexander fled with his family to Novgorod, but he was not accepted there for fear of the Tatars, so he went on to Pskov.
Pskov not only allowed Aleksandr to enter their city, but made him their prince. Desiring to save the Russian land from further devastation — had Ivan Kalita left Aleksandr in Pskov, the Tatars would have certainly sent another punitive expedition which would have destroyed that city — Aleksandr agreed to abandon the city, but the residents of Pskov would not let him go. Metropolitan Feognost (Theognostus) arrived in Novgorod and he and Archbishop Moisei of Novgorod (1325–1330; 1352–1359) excommunicated the city at the behest of Ivan Kalita. In 1329, fulfilling the order of the khan, Ivan Kalita and many other princes declared war to Pskov. Aleksander fled into Lithuania and then to Sweden, after which the metropolitan lifted the ban of excommunication against Pskov. Aleksander returned to Pskov a year and a half later under the patronage of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
In 1335, Aleksandr sent his son, Fyodor, to the Horde in order to gain forgiveness. Two years later in 1337 he went there himself. Uzbeg Khan, at least for a time, forgave his old enemy and sent him back to Tver. This led to renewed hostilities with Moscow, which Tver' could not sustain.
On October 29, 1339, Aleksandr and Fyodor were quartered (chopped into four pieces) in Sarai, the capital city of the Horde, by the orders of Uzbeg Khan.
- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 25
Еле́ц / Yelets in pre -revolutionary photographs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 06 Apr 2016
- views: 50
Дореволюционная Россия на фотографиях
Еле́ц
Pre-revolutionary Russia in photographs
Yelets
Yelets is the oldest center of the Central Black Earth Region. It w...
Дореволюционная Россия на фотографиях
Еле́ц
Pre-revolutionary Russia in photographs
Yelets
Yelets is the oldest center of the Central Black Earth Region. It was mentioned in historical documents as early as 1146, when it belonged to the Princes of Ryazan. The town's position at the very south of Russian lands made it an easy prey for Turkic conquerors. The Mongols burned it in 1239, Uzbeg Khan ravaged it in 1316, Timur sacked it in 1395, and the Tatars devastated it in 1414.
In 1483, the Principality of Yelets was absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow, while the local Rurikid rulers (last heard of in the 19th century) entered the service of Ivan III. In 1591, Boris Godunov revived the largely deserted town by establishing a fortress in the town.
In the 19th century, Yelets became the largest trade centre in the region.
The town's chief landmark is the Ascension Cathedral, built between 1845–1889 by Konstantin Thon.
Music:
Petite suite: IV. Mazurka: Allegretto by Alexander Borodin
wn.com/Еле́Ц Yelets In Pre Revolutionary Photographs
Дореволюционная Россия на фотографиях
Еле́ц
Pre-revolutionary Russia in photographs
Yelets
Yelets is the oldest center of the Central Black Earth Region. It was mentioned in historical documents as early as 1146, when it belonged to the Princes of Ryazan. The town's position at the very south of Russian lands made it an easy prey for Turkic conquerors. The Mongols burned it in 1239, Uzbeg Khan ravaged it in 1316, Timur sacked it in 1395, and the Tatars devastated it in 1414.
In 1483, the Principality of Yelets was absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow, while the local Rurikid rulers (last heard of in the 19th century) entered the service of Ivan III. In 1591, Boris Godunov revived the largely deserted town by establishing a fortress in the town.
In the 19th century, Yelets became the largest trade centre in the region.
The town's chief landmark is the Ascension Cathedral, built between 1845–1889 by Konstantin Thon.
Music:
Petite suite: IV. Mazurka: Allegretto by Alexander Borodin
- published: 06 Apr 2016
- views: 50
The Life And Death Of Mikhail of Tver
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:29
- Updated: 13 May 2015
- views: 23
Mikhail Yaroslavich (Russian: Михаил Ярославич) (1271 – 22 November 1318), also known as Michael of Tver or Michael the Saint, was a Prince of Tver (from 1285) ...
Mikhail Yaroslavich (Russian: Михаил Ярославич) (1271 – 22 November 1318), also known as Michael of Tver or Michael the Saint, was a Prince of Tver (from 1285) who ruled as Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1304 until 1314 and again from 1315–1318. He is counted among the saints of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Mikhail Yaroslavich was the second son of Yaroslav III (Yaroslav Yaroslavich), the younger brother of Aleksandr Nevsky, and succeeded him as Prince of Tver in 1285. His mother Xenia was the second spouse to Yaroslav III and is known as the saint Xenia of Tarusa. Upon the death of Andrei Aleksandrovich (Aleksandr Nevsky's son and Yaroslav's nephew), Mikhail became the Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1304, as was consistent with the Rota System of collateral succession that had been practised in Rus since the time of Yaroslav the Wise. He was confirmed in office by Tokhta, Khan of the Golden Horde.
While he seemed secure in the throne, being the legitimate heir and having been confirmed by the Khan in Sarai, Grand Prince Mikhail suffered a series of setbacks as grand prince which led to him losing the grand princely office for both himself and, in some ways, ultimately for his descendants. He was, like most Grand Princes of Vladimir, accepted as Prince of Novgorod the Great in 1309, but fought with Novgorod, going so far as to withdraw his lieutenants (namestniki) and cut off grain shipments into the city in 1312. While he was on decent terms with Tokhta Khan, and initially with his successor, Uzbeg Khan (Mikhail paid homage on Uzbeg's accession to the throne in 1313 and remained in Sarai until 1315), he eventually lost influence to Yury of Moscow, who gained influence in Novgorod while the grand prince was away in Sarai. Mikhail did manage to finally take control of the city in 1316 with Mongol aid, but the following year Uzbeg Khan gave the yarlik or patent of office of the Grand Prince of Vladimir to Yury, who also married Uzbeg's sister.
After granting Yury the iarlyk or patent of office, the Khan sent his army under the Mongol general Kavgadii to help Yuri in his struggle with Mikhail Yaroslavich. December 22, 1317 Mikhail defeated Yuri at a village called Bortenevo (40 km from Tver). Mikhail captured Yuri's wife, who was the Khan's sister. When she died in Mikhail's custody, he was blamed for her death, although it seems unlikely that he would have killed her knowing how much it would hurt him politically for such little gain. He released Kavgadii, who returned to Sarai and accused Mikhail of murdering the Khan's sister, withholding tribute, and warring against his Mongol overlord. As a result, Mikhail was summoned to the Horde by the Khan and executed on November 22, 1318.
Mikhail and the Church
Mikhail also alienated the Church, particularly Metropolitan Petr (r. 1308-1326). When Metropolitan Maksim died in 1305, Mikhail nominated another candidate, but Petr was consecrated by the Patriarch of Constantinople. Petr sided with Moscow and opposed Mikhail on several occasions. In 1309, he appointed David as Archbishop of Novgorod and David was instrumental in the argument that led Mikhail to withdraw his lieutenants and cut the grain supplies to the city. In 1314, Novgorod called on Yury to be named grand prince and for Mikhail to be deposed. Thus the support of the Church aided Yury to Mikhail's detriment. Despite his having been unfavored by the Russian Orthodox Church during his lifetime, the Church later declared Mikhail a saint.
Family and children
In 1294 Mikhail married Princess Anna of Rostov, daughter of Dimitry of Rostov. They had five children:
Prince Dmitry of Tver (1299–1326)
Prince Alexander of Tver (1301–1339)
Prince Konstantin of Tver (1306–1346)
Prince Vasily of Kashin (d. after 1368)
Feodora of Tver
Mikhail's sons and successors Dmitry the Terrible Eyes and Alexander were both also loved in the Horde, as was Alexander's elder son, Mikhail. Both Aleksandr Mikhailovich, and Mikhail Aleksandrovich briefly held the Grand Princely office (in 1326-1327 and 1371-1372 respectively) but Mikhail's failure to defeat Yury of Moscow, followed by Aleksandr's role (real or perceived) in the Tver Uprising of 1327, led the Tver branch to lose the favor of the Khans, and the Danilovich - the Muscovite princes, held the title for all but two years after 1317.
Mikhail's wife took the veil in Kashin's nunnery and died there on October 2, 1368. She is commemorated as Anna of Kashin by the Russian Orthodox Church and was canonized in 1677.
wn.com/The Life And Death Of Mikhail Of Tver
Mikhail Yaroslavich (Russian: Михаил Ярославич) (1271 – 22 November 1318), also known as Michael of Tver or Michael the Saint, was a Prince of Tver (from 1285) who ruled as Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1304 until 1314 and again from 1315–1318. He is counted among the saints of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Mikhail Yaroslavich was the second son of Yaroslav III (Yaroslav Yaroslavich), the younger brother of Aleksandr Nevsky, and succeeded him as Prince of Tver in 1285. His mother Xenia was the second spouse to Yaroslav III and is known as the saint Xenia of Tarusa. Upon the death of Andrei Aleksandrovich (Aleksandr Nevsky's son and Yaroslav's nephew), Mikhail became the Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1304, as was consistent with the Rota System of collateral succession that had been practised in Rus since the time of Yaroslav the Wise. He was confirmed in office by Tokhta, Khan of the Golden Horde.
While he seemed secure in the throne, being the legitimate heir and having been confirmed by the Khan in Sarai, Grand Prince Mikhail suffered a series of setbacks as grand prince which led to him losing the grand princely office for both himself and, in some ways, ultimately for his descendants. He was, like most Grand Princes of Vladimir, accepted as Prince of Novgorod the Great in 1309, but fought with Novgorod, going so far as to withdraw his lieutenants (namestniki) and cut off grain shipments into the city in 1312. While he was on decent terms with Tokhta Khan, and initially with his successor, Uzbeg Khan (Mikhail paid homage on Uzbeg's accession to the throne in 1313 and remained in Sarai until 1315), he eventually lost influence to Yury of Moscow, who gained influence in Novgorod while the grand prince was away in Sarai. Mikhail did manage to finally take control of the city in 1316 with Mongol aid, but the following year Uzbeg Khan gave the yarlik or patent of office of the Grand Prince of Vladimir to Yury, who also married Uzbeg's sister.
After granting Yury the iarlyk or patent of office, the Khan sent his army under the Mongol general Kavgadii to help Yuri in his struggle with Mikhail Yaroslavich. December 22, 1317 Mikhail defeated Yuri at a village called Bortenevo (40 km from Tver). Mikhail captured Yuri's wife, who was the Khan's sister. When she died in Mikhail's custody, he was blamed for her death, although it seems unlikely that he would have killed her knowing how much it would hurt him politically for such little gain. He released Kavgadii, who returned to Sarai and accused Mikhail of murdering the Khan's sister, withholding tribute, and warring against his Mongol overlord. As a result, Mikhail was summoned to the Horde by the Khan and executed on November 22, 1318.
Mikhail and the Church
Mikhail also alienated the Church, particularly Metropolitan Petr (r. 1308-1326). When Metropolitan Maksim died in 1305, Mikhail nominated another candidate, but Petr was consecrated by the Patriarch of Constantinople. Petr sided with Moscow and opposed Mikhail on several occasions. In 1309, he appointed David as Archbishop of Novgorod and David was instrumental in the argument that led Mikhail to withdraw his lieutenants and cut the grain supplies to the city. In 1314, Novgorod called on Yury to be named grand prince and for Mikhail to be deposed. Thus the support of the Church aided Yury to Mikhail's detriment. Despite his having been unfavored by the Russian Orthodox Church during his lifetime, the Church later declared Mikhail a saint.
Family and children
In 1294 Mikhail married Princess Anna of Rostov, daughter of Dimitry of Rostov. They had five children:
Prince Dmitry of Tver (1299–1326)
Prince Alexander of Tver (1301–1339)
Prince Konstantin of Tver (1306–1346)
Prince Vasily of Kashin (d. after 1368)
Feodora of Tver
Mikhail's sons and successors Dmitry the Terrible Eyes and Alexander were both also loved in the Horde, as was Alexander's elder son, Mikhail. Both Aleksandr Mikhailovich, and Mikhail Aleksandrovich briefly held the Grand Princely office (in 1326-1327 and 1371-1372 respectively) but Mikhail's failure to defeat Yury of Moscow, followed by Aleksandr's role (real or perceived) in the Tver Uprising of 1327, led the Tver branch to lose the favor of the Khans, and the Danilovich - the Muscovite princes, held the title for all but two years after 1317.
Mikhail's wife took the veil in Kashin's nunnery and died there on October 2, 1368. She is commemorated as Anna of Kashin by the Russian Orthodox Church and was canonized in 1677.
- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 23
The Life And Death Of Simeon of Moscow
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:31
- Updated: 13 May 2015
- views: 31
Simeon Ivanovich Gordiy (the Proud) (Семён Иванович Гордый in Russian) (7 November 1316 – 27 April 1353) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir. Sime...
Simeon Ivanovich Gordiy (the Proud) (Семён Иванович Гордый in Russian) (7 November 1316 – 27 April 1353) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir. Simeon continued his father's policies of supporting the Golden Horde and acting as its leading enforcer in Russia. Simeon's rule was marked by regular military and political standoffs against Novgorod Republic and Lithuania. His relationships with neighboring Russian principalities remained peaceful if not passive: Simeon stayed aside from conflicts between subordinate princes. He had recourse to war only when war was unavoidable. A relatively quiet period for Moscow was ended by the Black Death that claimed the lives of Simeon and his sons in 1353.
In 1340 Simeon, the eldest son of Ivan Kalita, was stationed in Nizhny Novgorod. Upon receiving news of his father death, Simeon and his brothers Andrey and Ivan left for the Golden Horde to seek Uzbeg Khan's patent (yarlyk) for taking over the title of Grand Prince. Rivals Konstantin of Tver and Konstantin of Suzdal also paid their homage to the Khan, claiming seniority over Moscow princes. Simeon won the patent through bribing the Khan's retinue; princes of Tver and Suzdal had to agree to his seniority; Uzbeq also extended his benevolence to Simeon's issue. He was also granted the ceremonial title epi trapezes offikios (Greek: ό επί τραπέζης όφφίκιος) by the Byzantine Empire, which can be loosely translated as seneschal or stolnik.
In the same 1340 Simeon engaged in his first military standoff with Veliky Novgorod. Simeon claimed his right to collect taxes in the Novgorodian town of Torzhok. Torzhok boyars locked up Simeon's tax collectors and called for help from Novgorod. Simeon and metropolitan Theognostus hastily organized a coalition of princes against Novgorod, claiming that "They [Novgorodians] make war and peace with whomever they please, consulting no one. Novgorod regards not all Russia, and will not obey her Grand Prince", referring to Novgorod incursions into Ustyuzhna and Beloe Ozero. As the coalition forces approached Novgorodian lands, the people of Torzhok revolted against the boyars and sided with Muscovite troops. Novgorod Republic accepted the fact and ceded all taxes from Torzhok area, estimated at 1,000 roubled in silver annually, to Simeon who agreed to honor the existing civic charter.
In 1341, shortly after the dismissal of muscovite coalition army, Algirdas (then prince of Vitebsk, allied with prince of Smolensk) besieged Mozhaysk. News of the death of Gediminas forced Algirdas to quit the campaign before Simeon could arrange a military response. Uzbeg Khan, Simeon's sovereign, died soon afterwards; his successor, Jani Beg, secured the control of the Horde through killing his brothers. Simeon and Theognostus had to travel to the Horde again. Jani Beg reassured Simeon in his rights and let him go, but kept Theognostus hostage to extort money from the church; eventually, Theognostus was released for 600 roubles.
In 1333, Simeon married Aigusta (Anastasia), sister of Algirdas. After her death in 1345, Simeon married Eupraxia of Smolensk, but soon sent her back to her family, claiming that Eupraxia was cursed since wedding and "appears to be dead each night". Eupraxia remarried Prince Fominsky, and Simeon married Maria of Tver; their four sons died in infancy.
Throughout the 1340s Lithuanian and Swedish military campaigns and internal political disarray decreased the influence of the Novgorod Republic. Simeon, whose title of Grand Prince obliged him to protect Novgorod, was reluctant to do so, as if expecting the weakened republic to collapse for his own benefit. In 1347, when Novgorodians called for help against the Swedes, Simeon dispatched his brother Ivan and Constantine of Rostov; the envoys refused to fight for the Novgorodians. Simeon himself was busy with offsetting the Lithuanians' influence in the Horde, meanwhile harboring two renegade Lithuanian princes as potential claimants to the Lithuanian crown. He manipulated Jani Beg into believing that increasing Lithuanian influence became the most important threat to the Horde.
wn.com/The Life And Death Of Simeon Of Moscow
Simeon Ivanovich Gordiy (the Proud) (Семён Иванович Гордый in Russian) (7 November 1316 – 27 April 1353) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir. Simeon continued his father's policies of supporting the Golden Horde and acting as its leading enforcer in Russia. Simeon's rule was marked by regular military and political standoffs against Novgorod Republic and Lithuania. His relationships with neighboring Russian principalities remained peaceful if not passive: Simeon stayed aside from conflicts between subordinate princes. He had recourse to war only when war was unavoidable. A relatively quiet period for Moscow was ended by the Black Death that claimed the lives of Simeon and his sons in 1353.
In 1340 Simeon, the eldest son of Ivan Kalita, was stationed in Nizhny Novgorod. Upon receiving news of his father death, Simeon and his brothers Andrey and Ivan left for the Golden Horde to seek Uzbeg Khan's patent (yarlyk) for taking over the title of Grand Prince. Rivals Konstantin of Tver and Konstantin of Suzdal also paid their homage to the Khan, claiming seniority over Moscow princes. Simeon won the patent through bribing the Khan's retinue; princes of Tver and Suzdal had to agree to his seniority; Uzbeq also extended his benevolence to Simeon's issue. He was also granted the ceremonial title epi trapezes offikios (Greek: ό επί τραπέζης όφφίκιος) by the Byzantine Empire, which can be loosely translated as seneschal or stolnik.
In the same 1340 Simeon engaged in his first military standoff with Veliky Novgorod. Simeon claimed his right to collect taxes in the Novgorodian town of Torzhok. Torzhok boyars locked up Simeon's tax collectors and called for help from Novgorod. Simeon and metropolitan Theognostus hastily organized a coalition of princes against Novgorod, claiming that "They [Novgorodians] make war and peace with whomever they please, consulting no one. Novgorod regards not all Russia, and will not obey her Grand Prince", referring to Novgorod incursions into Ustyuzhna and Beloe Ozero. As the coalition forces approached Novgorodian lands, the people of Torzhok revolted against the boyars and sided with Muscovite troops. Novgorod Republic accepted the fact and ceded all taxes from Torzhok area, estimated at 1,000 roubled in silver annually, to Simeon who agreed to honor the existing civic charter.
In 1341, shortly after the dismissal of muscovite coalition army, Algirdas (then prince of Vitebsk, allied with prince of Smolensk) besieged Mozhaysk. News of the death of Gediminas forced Algirdas to quit the campaign before Simeon could arrange a military response. Uzbeg Khan, Simeon's sovereign, died soon afterwards; his successor, Jani Beg, secured the control of the Horde through killing his brothers. Simeon and Theognostus had to travel to the Horde again. Jani Beg reassured Simeon in his rights and let him go, but kept Theognostus hostage to extort money from the church; eventually, Theognostus was released for 600 roubles.
In 1333, Simeon married Aigusta (Anastasia), sister of Algirdas. After her death in 1345, Simeon married Eupraxia of Smolensk, but soon sent her back to her family, claiming that Eupraxia was cursed since wedding and "appears to be dead each night". Eupraxia remarried Prince Fominsky, and Simeon married Maria of Tver; their four sons died in infancy.
Throughout the 1340s Lithuanian and Swedish military campaigns and internal political disarray decreased the influence of the Novgorod Republic. Simeon, whose title of Grand Prince obliged him to protect Novgorod, was reluctant to do so, as if expecting the weakened republic to collapse for his own benefit. In 1347, when Novgorodians called for help against the Swedes, Simeon dispatched his brother Ivan and Constantine of Rostov; the envoys refused to fight for the Novgorodians. Simeon himself was busy with offsetting the Lithuanians' influence in the Horde, meanwhile harboring two renegade Lithuanian princes as potential claimants to the Lithuanian crown. He manipulated Jani Beg into believing that increasing Lithuanian influence became the most important threat to the Horde.
- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 31
Dr Latif Pedram exposes the truth about Amanullah Khan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:26
- Updated: 02 Sep 2008
- views: 10272
www.Tajikam.com
Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated...
www.Tajikam.com
Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated and imposed by the British on Khurasan / Khorasan Zameen. Greater Khorasan consisted of Tajikistan, Samarqand Bukhara, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Parwan kapisa panjshir samangan faryab kunduz kabul ghazni bamiyan herat kandahar helmand farah nemroz ghor etc., and the people of greater khorasan speak Farsi which is the same as Parsi, Persian, Dari and Tajiki. Pashto Pakhto Pashtun pashtoon pakhtun are the nomadic and tribal people who are synanymous with Taliban and they live in southern Khorasan (afghanistan) and they make up about one quarter of the population while the rest of the country is farsi speaker or farsi zabans. Awghanistan Pashto song, its also Pashtoon, Pakhtoon, Pakhtun, Pashtun, Pakhto khurasan khorasan khorasani ahmad shah massoud panjshir parwan kapisa mazar takhar badakhshan baghlan kunduz salang kabul logar paktia paktika kunar wardak kandahar khost helmand ghazni laghman karzai farsi dari parsi hazaragi pashto pashtun pakhtu pakhto pashtoon pakhtun peshawar zazai mangal zadran tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukhara taliban ariana aryana bayat afghanmellat malalay joya gailani mojadidi wardak bamiyan bagram samangan sayyaf rabbani rashid dostam dustom abdul ali mazari qanoni marshal abdul qasim fahim abdullah abdullah khalili latif pedram ahmad zahir nashinas farhad darya ehsan aman afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia pa afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia paktika baghlan jawozjan faryab shiberghan andkhoi akhcha ghor badghis herat helmand farah nimroz kandahar helmand peshawar mullah omar taliban karzai zahir shah abdali pashtoon pashtun pakhtun pakhtoon pukhtun zazai mangal zadran laghman shinwari uzbek hazara hazaragi uzbekistan tajik tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukahra hamid karzai ahmad shah massoud masood qanooni mohaqiq khalili marshal fahim iran persian mazar farsi parsi dari khorasan khurasan khorasani aryana arian aria ahmad zahir farhad darya ehsan aman nashinas buxara bukhara boxara bokhara Ariana Aryana Khorasan Khoorasan Afghanistan Afgan Afghan Pakhtun pakhtoon Pakhto Pakhtu Pokhto Pukhtun Pekhawar Peshawar andarab shahnameh shahnama ferdousi ferdowsi tazhik tajik tadjik Tojik Tojikiston Iron Kurd Arab Palestine Terrorist Terrorism criminal America Los angeles San francisco Pakistan Mongols Mughul Uzbek Uzbak Uzbekistan Turkmen Turkmenistan Shindand Kabul Kabol Cabul English England Britian Computer Internet Karzai Badakhshi Massoud Masood Masoud Ahmad Shah ghor ghorband Aria Heraiva Beruni Khayyam Mawlana Rumi Mevlana Persian Parsian Persien death to Afghanistan long live Khorasan Khorasan Afghani Afghan Afghanistani Awgho Awghani Owghan Owghoo Termez Uzbeg Uzbak Uzbek Boxoro Samarkand Khiva Khaharezm Mowlana Mevlana Samarghand Samarqand Samarkand Samarakand Maruf Maruv Taleban Taleb Tazhik Tazik Taajik Afzalsho Afzal Shoh Shadi Shodi Shodiev Shodiov
wn.com/Dr Latif Pedram Exposes The Truth About Amanullah Khan
www.Tajikam.com
Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated and imposed by the British on Khurasan / Khorasan Zameen. Greater Khorasan consisted of Tajikistan, Samarqand Bukhara, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Parwan kapisa panjshir samangan faryab kunduz kabul ghazni bamiyan herat kandahar helmand farah nemroz ghor etc., and the people of greater khorasan speak Farsi which is the same as Parsi, Persian, Dari and Tajiki. Pashto Pakhto Pashtun pashtoon pakhtun are the nomadic and tribal people who are synanymous with Taliban and they live in southern Khorasan (afghanistan) and they make up about one quarter of the population while the rest of the country is farsi speaker or farsi zabans. Awghanistan Pashto song, its also Pashtoon, Pakhtoon, Pakhtun, Pashtun, Pakhto khurasan khorasan khorasani ahmad shah massoud panjshir parwan kapisa mazar takhar badakhshan baghlan kunduz salang kabul logar paktia paktika kunar wardak kandahar khost helmand ghazni laghman karzai farsi dari parsi hazaragi pashto pashtun pakhtu pakhto pashtoon pakhtun peshawar zazai mangal zadran tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukhara taliban ariana aryana bayat afghanmellat malalay joya gailani mojadidi wardak bamiyan bagram samangan sayyaf rabbani rashid dostam dustom abdul ali mazari qanoni marshal abdul qasim fahim abdullah abdullah khalili latif pedram ahmad zahir nashinas farhad darya ehsan aman afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia pa afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia paktika baghlan jawozjan faryab shiberghan andkhoi akhcha ghor badghis herat helmand farah nimroz kandahar helmand peshawar mullah omar taliban karzai zahir shah abdali pashtoon pashtun pakhtun pakhtoon pukhtun zazai mangal zadran laghman shinwari uzbek hazara hazaragi uzbekistan tajik tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukahra hamid karzai ahmad shah massoud masood qanooni mohaqiq khalili marshal fahim iran persian mazar farsi parsi dari khorasan khurasan khorasani aryana arian aria ahmad zahir farhad darya ehsan aman nashinas buxara bukhara boxara bokhara Ariana Aryana Khorasan Khoorasan Afghanistan Afgan Afghan Pakhtun pakhtoon Pakhto Pakhtu Pokhto Pukhtun Pekhawar Peshawar andarab shahnameh shahnama ferdousi ferdowsi tazhik tajik tadjik Tojik Tojikiston Iron Kurd Arab Palestine Terrorist Terrorism criminal America Los angeles San francisco Pakistan Mongols Mughul Uzbek Uzbak Uzbekistan Turkmen Turkmenistan Shindand Kabul Kabol Cabul English England Britian Computer Internet Karzai Badakhshi Massoud Masood Masoud Ahmad Shah ghor ghorband Aria Heraiva Beruni Khayyam Mawlana Rumi Mevlana Persian Parsian Persien death to Afghanistan long live Khorasan Khorasan Afghani Afghan Afghanistani Awgho Awghani Owghan Owghoo Termez Uzbeg Uzbak Uzbek Boxoro Samarkand Khiva Khaharezm Mowlana Mevlana Samarghand Samarqand Samarkand Samarakand Maruf Maruv Taleban Taleb Tazhik Tazik Taajik Afzalsho Afzal Shoh Shadi Shodi Shodiev Shodiov
- published: 02 Sep 2008
- views: 10272
Dr Latif Pedram exposes the crimes of Amanullah Khan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:20
- Updated: 02 Sep 2008
- views: 6066
http://www.Tajikam.com
Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fab...
http://www.Tajikam.com
Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated and imposed by the British on Khurasan / Khorasan Zameen. Greater Khorasan consisted of Tajikistan, Samarqand Bukhara, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Parwan kapisa panjshir samangan faryab kunduz kabul ghazni bamiyan herat kandahar helmand farah nemroz ghor etc., and the people of greater khorasan speak Farsi which is the same as Parsi, Persian, Dari and Tajiki. Pashto Pakhto Pashtun pashtoon pakhtun are the nomadic and tribal people who are synanymous with Taliban and they live in southern Khorasan (afghanistan) and they make up about one quarter of the population while the rest of the country is farsi speaker or farsi zabans. Awghanistan Pashto song, its also Pashtoon, Pakhtoon, Pakhtun, Pashtun, Pakhto khurasan khorasan khorasani ahmad shah massoud panjshir parwan kapisa mazar takhar badakhshan baghlan kunduz salang kabul logar paktia paktika kunar wardak kandahar khost helmand ghazni laghman karzai farsi dari parsi hazaragi pashto pashtun pakhtu pakhto pashtoon pakhtun peshawar zazai mangal zadran tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukhara taliban ariana aryana bayat afghanmellat malalay joya gailani mojadidi wardak bamiyan bagram samangan sayyaf rabbani rashid dostam dustom abdul ali mazari qanoni marshal abdul qasim fahim abdullah abdullah khalili latif pedram ahmad zahir nashinas farhad darya ehsan aman afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia pa afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia paktika baghlan jawozjan faryab shiberghan andkhoi akhcha ghor badghis herat helmand farah nimroz kandahar helmand peshawar mullah omar taliban karzai zahir shah abdali pashtoon pashtun pakhtun pakhtoon pukhtun zazai mangal zadran laghman shinwari uzbek hazara hazaragi uzbekistan tajik tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukahra hamid karzai ahmad shah massoud masood qanooni mohaqiq khalili marshal fahim iran persian mazar farsi parsi dari khorasan khurasan khorasani aryana arian aria ahmad zahir farhad darya ehsan aman nashinas buxara bukhara boxara bokhara Ariana Aryana Khorasan Khoorasan Afghanistan Afgan Afghan Pakhtun pakhtoon Pakhto Pakhtu Pokhto Pukhtun Pekhawar Peshawar andarab shahnameh shahnama ferdousi ferdowsi tazhik tajik tadjik Tojik Tojikiston Iron Kurd Arab Palestine Terrorist Terrorism criminal America Los angeles San francisco Pakistan Mongols Mughul Uzbek Uzbak Uzbekistan Turkmen Turkmenistan Shindand Kabul Kabol Cabul English England Britian Computer Internet Karzai Badakhshi Massoud Masood Masoud Ahmad Shah ghor ghorband Aria Heraiva Beruni Khayyam Mawlana Rumi Mevlana Persian Parsian Persien death to Afghanistan long live Khorasan Khorasan Afghani Afghan Afghanistani Awgho Awghani Owghan Owghoo Termez Uzbeg Uzbak Uzbek Boxoro Samarkand Khiva Khaharezm Mowlana Mevlana Samarghand Samarqand Samarkand Samarakand Maruf Maruv Taleban Taleb Tazhik Tazik Taajik Afzalsho Afzal Shoh Shadi Shodi Shodiev Shodiov
wn.com/Dr Latif Pedram Exposes The Crimes Of Amanullah Khan
http://www.Tajikam.com
Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of afghanistan and long live khorasan. The name Afghanistan was fabricated and imposed by the British on Khurasan / Khorasan Zameen. Greater Khorasan consisted of Tajikistan, Samarqand Bukhara, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Parwan kapisa panjshir samangan faryab kunduz kabul ghazni bamiyan herat kandahar helmand farah nemroz ghor etc., and the people of greater khorasan speak Farsi which is the same as Parsi, Persian, Dari and Tajiki. Pashto Pakhto Pashtun pashtoon pakhtun are the nomadic and tribal people who are synanymous with Taliban and they live in southern Khorasan (afghanistan) and they make up about one quarter of the population while the rest of the country is farsi speaker or farsi zabans. Awghanistan Pashto song, its also Pashtoon, Pakhtoon, Pakhtun, Pashtun, Pakhto khurasan khorasan khorasani ahmad shah massoud panjshir parwan kapisa mazar takhar badakhshan baghlan kunduz salang kabul logar paktia paktika kunar wardak kandahar khost helmand ghazni laghman karzai farsi dari parsi hazaragi pashto pashtun pakhtu pakhto pashtoon pakhtun peshawar zazai mangal zadran tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukhara taliban ariana aryana bayat afghanmellat malalay joya gailani mojadidi wardak bamiyan bagram samangan sayyaf rabbani rashid dostam dustom abdul ali mazari qanoni marshal abdul qasim fahim abdullah abdullah khalili latif pedram ahmad zahir nashinas farhad darya ehsan aman afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia pa afghanistan afghan afghani afghanistani kabul ghazni bamiyan balkh kunduz takhar badakhshan panjshir parwan kapisa khost paktia paktika baghlan jawozjan faryab shiberghan andkhoi akhcha ghor badghis herat helmand farah nimroz kandahar helmand peshawar mullah omar taliban karzai zahir shah abdali pashtoon pashtun pakhtun pakhtoon pukhtun zazai mangal zadran laghman shinwari uzbek hazara hazaragi uzbekistan tajik tajiki tajikistan samarqand bukahra hamid karzai ahmad shah massoud masood qanooni mohaqiq khalili marshal fahim iran persian mazar farsi parsi dari khorasan khurasan khorasani aryana arian aria ahmad zahir farhad darya ehsan aman nashinas buxara bukhara boxara bokhara Ariana Aryana Khorasan Khoorasan Afghanistan Afgan Afghan Pakhtun pakhtoon Pakhto Pakhtu Pokhto Pukhtun Pekhawar Peshawar andarab shahnameh shahnama ferdousi ferdowsi tazhik tajik tadjik Tojik Tojikiston Iron Kurd Arab Palestine Terrorist Terrorism criminal America Los angeles San francisco Pakistan Mongols Mughul Uzbek Uzbak Uzbekistan Turkmen Turkmenistan Shindand Kabul Kabol Cabul English England Britian Computer Internet Karzai Badakhshi Massoud Masood Masoud Ahmad Shah ghor ghorband Aria Heraiva Beruni Khayyam Mawlana Rumi Mevlana Persian Parsian Persien death to Afghanistan long live Khorasan Khorasan Afghani Afghan Afghanistani Awgho Awghani Owghan Owghoo Termez Uzbeg Uzbak Uzbek Boxoro Samarkand Khiva Khaharezm Mowlana Mevlana Samarghand Samarqand Samarkand Samarakand Maruf Maruv Taleban Taleb Tazhik Tazik Taajik Afzalsho Afzal Shoh Shadi Shodi Shodiev Shodiov
- published: 02 Sep 2008
- views: 6066
Pashtun Heroes and Leaders
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 09 Feb 2014
- views: 7504
A video of pashtun afghan kings and poets that have contributed to afghan history through the course of Aryana's existence. If i missed anyone, please let me kn...
A video of pashtun afghan kings and poets that have contributed to afghan history through the course of Aryana's existence. If i missed anyone, please let me know in the comments box!
Afghan, Pashtun, Afghanistan, Loy Afghanistan, Attan, Rabab Music, Pashto, Farsi, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Hazaras, Turkmens, Iranian Peoples, Taliban, Haqqani Network, Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh, Kandahar, Helmand, Paktia, Ghor, Logar, Ghazni, Herat, Badakshan, Bamiyan, Kunduz, Faryab, Sheberghan, Nuristan, Khost, Kapisa, Nangarhar, Jalalabad, Uruzgan, Daykundi, Gardez, Sar-e-Pul, Quetta, Peshawar, Khyber, Waziristan, Aryana, Aryans, Khorasan, Hindu Kush, Pamir, Bactria, Mirwais Hotaki, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Khushal Khan Khattak, Pir Roshan, Ahmad Shah Massoud, Burhanuddin Rabbani, Atta Muhammad Nur, Abdullah Abdullah, Abdul Rashid Dostum, Hamid Karzai, Hekmatyar, Mullah Omar, Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, Hakimullah Mehsud, Daoud Khan, Gul Agha Sherzai, Zahir Shah, Mahmood Khan Achakzai, Mohammad Najibullah, Loya Jirga, Afghan Grand Assembly, Islam, Sunni, Shia, Genghis Khan, Mongols, Hazarajat, Hazaragi, Pashtunistan, Balochistan, Takhar, Iran, Cyrus The Great, Baghlan, Parwan, Panjsher, Laghman, Wardak, Zadran, Bangash, Afridi, Kakar, Safi, Khogyani, Ghilzai, Durrani, Shinwari, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Durand Line, Abasin, Amu Darya, Baloch, Marshal Fahim, Samarkand, Sulaiman Mountains, Tora Bora, Musakhel, Jadoon, Karlan, Akakhel, Turi, Tanoli, Ghazal, Shamshad TV, Lemar TV, Buzkashi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Soviet War, Kushan Empire, Hephthalites, Kunar, Godar, Pactyans, Pakhtrians, Kashmir, Ibrahim Lodhi, Sher Shah Suri, Mughals, Delhi Sultanate, Dari, Lashkar Gah, Northern Alliance, Opium, Heroin, Pata Khazana, Amir Kror Suri, Ashraf Hotaki, Abdul Hai Habibi, Abdul Hamid Baba, Ammer Hamza Shinwari, Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Rahman Baba, Ajmal Khattak, Mahmud Hotaki, Pashtoon, Uzbeg, Kuchi, Persia, Persian, Pokhton, Pukhtun, Pakhtun, Pakhtunistan, Kochi, Lungee, Lungay, Paktay, Pakol, Kalash, Kalasha, Kafirs, Kafiristan, Chitral, Nooristani, Ayub Khan, Kochay, Kochai, Watan Forosh, Khurasan, Zoroaster, Badghis, Farah, Maidan Wardak, Nimruz, Samangan, Parun, Malalai Joya, Malala Yousafzai, FATA, Shamali, Charikar, Surobi, Paghman, Kalakan, Abdur Rahman Khan, Avesta, Dadullah Akhund, Silk Road, Alexander The Great, Iskander, Ghosts of Alexander, The Pathans, Pukhtoons, Turkestan, Swat Valley, Sistan, Kharoti, Khankhel, Kakazai, Afghan Girl, Sharbat Gula, Graveyard Of Empires
wn.com/Pashtun Heroes And Leaders
A video of pashtun afghan kings and poets that have contributed to afghan history through the course of Aryana's existence. If i missed anyone, please let me know in the comments box!
Afghan, Pashtun, Afghanistan, Loy Afghanistan, Attan, Rabab Music, Pashto, Farsi, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Hazaras, Turkmens, Iranian Peoples, Taliban, Haqqani Network, Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh, Kandahar, Helmand, Paktia, Ghor, Logar, Ghazni, Herat, Badakshan, Bamiyan, Kunduz, Faryab, Sheberghan, Nuristan, Khost, Kapisa, Nangarhar, Jalalabad, Uruzgan, Daykundi, Gardez, Sar-e-Pul, Quetta, Peshawar, Khyber, Waziristan, Aryana, Aryans, Khorasan, Hindu Kush, Pamir, Bactria, Mirwais Hotaki, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Khushal Khan Khattak, Pir Roshan, Ahmad Shah Massoud, Burhanuddin Rabbani, Atta Muhammad Nur, Abdullah Abdullah, Abdul Rashid Dostum, Hamid Karzai, Hekmatyar, Mullah Omar, Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, Hakimullah Mehsud, Daoud Khan, Gul Agha Sherzai, Zahir Shah, Mahmood Khan Achakzai, Mohammad Najibullah, Loya Jirga, Afghan Grand Assembly, Islam, Sunni, Shia, Genghis Khan, Mongols, Hazarajat, Hazaragi, Pashtunistan, Balochistan, Takhar, Iran, Cyrus The Great, Baghlan, Parwan, Panjsher, Laghman, Wardak, Zadran, Bangash, Afridi, Kakar, Safi, Khogyani, Ghilzai, Durrani, Shinwari, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Durand Line, Abasin, Amu Darya, Baloch, Marshal Fahim, Samarkand, Sulaiman Mountains, Tora Bora, Musakhel, Jadoon, Karlan, Akakhel, Turi, Tanoli, Ghazal, Shamshad TV, Lemar TV, Buzkashi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Soviet War, Kushan Empire, Hephthalites, Kunar, Godar, Pactyans, Pakhtrians, Kashmir, Ibrahim Lodhi, Sher Shah Suri, Mughals, Delhi Sultanate, Dari, Lashkar Gah, Northern Alliance, Opium, Heroin, Pata Khazana, Amir Kror Suri, Ashraf Hotaki, Abdul Hai Habibi, Abdul Hamid Baba, Ammer Hamza Shinwari, Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Rahman Baba, Ajmal Khattak, Mahmud Hotaki, Pashtoon, Uzbeg, Kuchi, Persia, Persian, Pokhton, Pukhtun, Pakhtun, Pakhtunistan, Kochi, Lungee, Lungay, Paktay, Pakol, Kalash, Kalasha, Kafirs, Kafiristan, Chitral, Nooristani, Ayub Khan, Kochay, Kochai, Watan Forosh, Khurasan, Zoroaster, Badghis, Farah, Maidan Wardak, Nimruz, Samangan, Parun, Malalai Joya, Malala Yousafzai, FATA, Shamali, Charikar, Surobi, Paghman, Kalakan, Abdur Rahman Khan, Avesta, Dadullah Akhund, Silk Road, Alexander The Great, Iskander, Ghosts of Alexander, The Pathans, Pukhtoons, Turkestan, Swat Valley, Sistan, Kharoti, Khankhel, Kakazai, Afghan Girl, Sharbat Gula, Graveyard Of Empires
- published: 09 Feb 2014
- views: 7504
Tengrism - Ancient Religion Of The Turkic People
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:31
- Updated: 01 Feb 2014
- views: 8229
Tengrism (sometimes stylized as Tengriism), occasionally referred to as Tengrianism , is a modern term for a Central Asian religion characterized by features of...
Tengrism (sometimes stylized as Tengriism), occasionally referred to as Tengrianism , is a modern term for a Central Asian religion characterized by features of shamanism, animism, totemism, both polytheism and monotheism, and ancestor worship. Historically, it was the prevailing religion of the Turks, Mongols, Bulgars, and Hungarians, as well as the Xiongnu and the Huns. It was the state religion of the six ancient Turkic states: Göktürks Khaganate, Avar Khaganate, Western Turkic Khaganate, Great Bulgaria, Bulgarian Empire and Eastern Tourkia.
As a modern revival, Tengrism has been advocated among intellectual circles of the Turkic nations of Central Asia, including Tatarstan, Buryatia, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, in the years following the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1990s to present). It is still actively practiced and undergoing an organised revival in Yakutia, Khakassia, Tuva, and other Turkic nations in Siberia. Burkhanism is a movement kindred to Tengrism concentrated in Altay.
Khukh and Tengri literally mean "blue" and "sky" in Mongolian and modern Mongolians still pray to "Munkh Khukh Tengri" ("Eternal Blue Sky"). Therefore Mongolia is sometimes poetically referred to by Mongolians as the "Land of Eternal Blue Sky" ("Munkh Khukh Tengriin Oron" in Mongolian). In modern Turkey Tengriism is also known as the Göktanrı dini, "Sky God religion", Turkish "Gök" (sky) and "Tanrı" (God) corresponding to the Mongolian khukh (blue) and Tengri (sky), respectively.
s first visit is believed to be very important.
Drinking Turkish coffee with your friend is believed to be worth 40 years of friendship. (The expression 'Bir fincan kahvenin kırk yıl hatırı vardır' means 'Drinking one cup of Turkish coffee together with your friend will not be forgotten for 40 years.') There is a convectional rainfall type in Turkey called Kırkikindi (Kırk+ikindi, where ikindi means mid-afternoon) which is believed to fall 40 days.
In Turkey, among children, Moon is called Ay Dede (Moon The Grandfather) who is considered to be the moon-god living in the sixth floor of the sky. At nights, tales are being told about him to children by their parents for them to go to sleep. The nursery rhyme ay dede ay dede, senin evin nerede? (Grandfather Moon, Grandfather Moon, where is your home?) is popular among children.
The word Kyrgyz means We are forty in the Kyrgyz language. Regarding the importance of the number, Kyrgyzstan's flag has a symbol of 40 uniformly spaced rays. A legendary hero called Manas is believed to have 40 regional clans. Tengrist Khazars aided Heraclius by sending 40,000 soldiers during a joint Byzantine-Göktürk operation against Persians.
A number of Kyrgyz politicians are actively pushing Tengrism, to fill the ideological void. Dastan Sarygulov, secretary of state and formerly chair of the Kyrgyz state gold mining company, has established Tengir Ordo (tr) (Army of Tengri) which is a civic group that seeks to promote the values and traditions of the Tengrism.
There is a Tengrist society in Bishkek, which officially claims almost 500,000 followers and an international scientific center of Tengrist studies. Both institutions are run by Dastan Sarygulov, the main theorist of Tengrism in Kyrgyzstan and a member of the Parliament.
Publications committed to the subject of Tengrism are more and more frequently published in scientific journals of human sciences in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The partisans of this movement endeavor to influence the political circles and have succeeded in spreading their concepts into the governing bodies. Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev and even more frequently former Kyrgyz president Askar Akayev have mentioned that Tengrism is the national and "natural" religion of the Turkic peoples.
Historical Tengrism surrounded the cult of the sky god and chief deity Tengri and incorporated elements of shamanism, animism, totemism and ancestor worship. It lost its importance when the Uighuric kagans proclaimed Manichaeism the state religion in the 8th century.
Tengriism also played a large part in the religious denomination of the Gok-Turk Empire and the Great Mongol Empire. The name "Gok-Turk" translates as "Celestial Turk" which directly points out to the devotion to Tengriism. In the 13th century, Genghis Khan and several generations of his followers were also Tengrian believers until his fifth generation descendent Uzbeg Khan turned to Islam in the 14th century
wn.com/Tengrism Ancient Religion Of The Turkic People
Tengrism (sometimes stylized as Tengriism), occasionally referred to as Tengrianism , is a modern term for a Central Asian religion characterized by features of shamanism, animism, totemism, both polytheism and monotheism, and ancestor worship. Historically, it was the prevailing religion of the Turks, Mongols, Bulgars, and Hungarians, as well as the Xiongnu and the Huns. It was the state religion of the six ancient Turkic states: Göktürks Khaganate, Avar Khaganate, Western Turkic Khaganate, Great Bulgaria, Bulgarian Empire and Eastern Tourkia.
As a modern revival, Tengrism has been advocated among intellectual circles of the Turkic nations of Central Asia, including Tatarstan, Buryatia, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, in the years following the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1990s to present). It is still actively practiced and undergoing an organised revival in Yakutia, Khakassia, Tuva, and other Turkic nations in Siberia. Burkhanism is a movement kindred to Tengrism concentrated in Altay.
Khukh and Tengri literally mean "blue" and "sky" in Mongolian and modern Mongolians still pray to "Munkh Khukh Tengri" ("Eternal Blue Sky"). Therefore Mongolia is sometimes poetically referred to by Mongolians as the "Land of Eternal Blue Sky" ("Munkh Khukh Tengriin Oron" in Mongolian). In modern Turkey Tengriism is also known as the Göktanrı dini, "Sky God religion", Turkish "Gök" (sky) and "Tanrı" (God) corresponding to the Mongolian khukh (blue) and Tengri (sky), respectively.
s first visit is believed to be very important.
Drinking Turkish coffee with your friend is believed to be worth 40 years of friendship. (The expression 'Bir fincan kahvenin kırk yıl hatırı vardır' means 'Drinking one cup of Turkish coffee together with your friend will not be forgotten for 40 years.') There is a convectional rainfall type in Turkey called Kırkikindi (Kırk+ikindi, where ikindi means mid-afternoon) which is believed to fall 40 days.
In Turkey, among children, Moon is called Ay Dede (Moon The Grandfather) who is considered to be the moon-god living in the sixth floor of the sky. At nights, tales are being told about him to children by their parents for them to go to sleep. The nursery rhyme ay dede ay dede, senin evin nerede? (Grandfather Moon, Grandfather Moon, where is your home?) is popular among children.
The word Kyrgyz means We are forty in the Kyrgyz language. Regarding the importance of the number, Kyrgyzstan's flag has a symbol of 40 uniformly spaced rays. A legendary hero called Manas is believed to have 40 regional clans. Tengrist Khazars aided Heraclius by sending 40,000 soldiers during a joint Byzantine-Göktürk operation against Persians.
A number of Kyrgyz politicians are actively pushing Tengrism, to fill the ideological void. Dastan Sarygulov, secretary of state and formerly chair of the Kyrgyz state gold mining company, has established Tengir Ordo (tr) (Army of Tengri) which is a civic group that seeks to promote the values and traditions of the Tengrism.
There is a Tengrist society in Bishkek, which officially claims almost 500,000 followers and an international scientific center of Tengrist studies. Both institutions are run by Dastan Sarygulov, the main theorist of Tengrism in Kyrgyzstan and a member of the Parliament.
Publications committed to the subject of Tengrism are more and more frequently published in scientific journals of human sciences in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The partisans of this movement endeavor to influence the political circles and have succeeded in spreading their concepts into the governing bodies. Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev and even more frequently former Kyrgyz president Askar Akayev have mentioned that Tengrism is the national and "natural" religion of the Turkic peoples.
Historical Tengrism surrounded the cult of the sky god and chief deity Tengri and incorporated elements of shamanism, animism, totemism and ancestor worship. It lost its importance when the Uighuric kagans proclaimed Manichaeism the state religion in the 8th century.
Tengriism also played a large part in the religious denomination of the Gok-Turk Empire and the Great Mongol Empire. The name "Gok-Turk" translates as "Celestial Turk" which directly points out to the devotion to Tengriism. In the 13th century, Genghis Khan and several generations of his followers were also Tengrian believers until his fifth generation descendent Uzbeg Khan turned to Islam in the 14th century
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The Life And Death Of Yury of Moscow
Yuriy Danilovich, also known as Georgiy Danilovich (Юрий Данилович in Russian) (1281 – Nov...
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The Life And Death Of Dmitry of Tver
Dmitry Mikhaylovich of Tver (Russian: Дми́трий Миха́йлович Тверcко́й) (1299 – September 15...
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The Life And Death Of Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
Grand Prince Alexander or Aleksandr Mikhailovich (Russian: Александр Михайлович Тверской; ...
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Еле́ц / Yelets in pre -revolutionary photographs
Дореволюционная Россия на фотографиях
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Pre-revolutionary Russia in photographs
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Еле́ц / Yelets in pre -revolutionary photographs
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The Life And Death Of Mikhail of Tver
Mikhail Yaroslavich (Russian: Михаил Ярославич) (1271 – 22 November 1318), also known as M...
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The Life And Death Of Simeon of Moscow
Simeon Ivanovich Gordiy (the Proud) (Семён Иванович Гордый in Russian) (7 November 1316 – ...
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Dr Latif Pedram exposes the truth about Amanullah Khan
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Afghanistan mabaad, Khorasan zendabaad. death to fraudulent name of a...
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Dr Latif Pedram exposes the truth about Amanullah Khan
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Dr Latif Pedram exposes the crimes of Amanullah Khan
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Dr Latif Pedram exposes the crimes of Amanullah Khan
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Pashtun Heroes and Leaders
A video of pashtun afghan kings and poets that have contributed to afghan history through ...
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Tengrism - Ancient Religion Of The Turkic People
Tengrism (sometimes stylized as Tengriism), occasionally referred to as Tengrianism , is a...
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Tengrism - Ancient Religion Of The Turkic People
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NSA contractor arrested for alleged theft of top secret classified information
Edit The Guardian 05 Oct 2016
Harold Thomas Martin, who worked at same consulting firm as Edward Snowden, may have stolen codes developed to hack foreign governments. The FBI has arrested a National Security Agency contractor on suspicion of the theft of top secret classified data and documents in an alleged security breach at the same intelligence agency whose spy secrets were exposed by Edward Snowden ... The Justice Department confirmed ... ....
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Chinese Company Unveils Plan To Build Reusable Space Plane
Edit WorldNews.com 05 Oct 2016
A government-backed Chinese company is moving ahead with plans to build a large space plane to carry as many as 20 people into space as well as launch satellites, New Scientist reported Wednesday.The company, the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) in Beijing, has previously been known as the builder of China’s successful Long March rockets....
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[VIDEO] Gold Rings Found In 3,500-Year-Old Tomb Tell Of Ancient Greek Civilization's Violent Origins
Edit WorldNews.com 05 Oct 2016
Four mysterious golden rings found in a Bronze Age tomb appear to offer insights into the origins of Ancient Greek civilization, IFL Science reports ... Stretched out on his back, he was adorned with golden daggers with ivory hilts, gilded cups, and thousands of beads of precious gems ... Just recently, an archaeologist claimed to have found the throne of the legendary Mycenaean ruler Agamemnon, but this remains debatable ... WN.com, Jim Berrie....
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North Korea official who performed medicine to Kim Jong-un defects
Edit WorldNews.com 06 Oct 2016
A report from South Korea's Yonhap news agency stated that a ranking North Korean embassy official in Beijing has defected and could be seeking asylum in the Japanese mission in the Chinese city, according to The Washington Post. Yonhap quoted an anonymous source that was "familiar with Pyongyang affairs," explained the official stationed in the Beijing embassy and North Korean health ministry had disappeared mid-September....
Bling-a-ling! Kareena Kapoor Khan makes a splash at the airport!
Edit Pinkvilla 06 Oct 2016
Kareena Kapoor Khan is clicked here at the Mumbai airport in a blingy look ... Khan....
Imran Khan's party to boycott parliamentary session on Kashmir
Edit Topix 06 Oct 2016
A day after Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf leaders attended the all-party meeting against the ongoing Indian "aggression" in Jammu and Kashmir, its chief Imran Khan has announced that his party would boycott the joint session of parliament, terming "it would be like endorsing Sharif as premier which the party would not do so"....
Mother Of Hanged Boy Demands ‘Justice For Her Child’, Urges A Stop To Bullying
Edit Inquisitr 06 Oct 2016
An 11-year-old boy was bullied on the school playground in Beckfoot Uppper Heaton in Bradford, West Yorkshire just hours before hanging himself in his bedroom. Asad Kahn was found by his mother, but it was too late to save his life ... Funeral held today for Asad Khan 11 years old ... A stunning turnout for the funeral of schoolboy Asad Khan this afternoon #Bradford https.//t.co/ExoKGcMJZH pic.twitter.com/0ywAxD7MS8 ... The Inquisitr News ....
Remembering the maestro of sitar
Edit The Hindu 06 Oct 2016
In one-to-one meetings, those eyes, that forehead and his smile were an amazing combination. They were like the sitar, tabla and tanpura in concert. Like his stringed masterpiece, Pandit Ravi Shankar’s eyes shone like diamonds ... next May ... The wait was agonising ... He said ... When legendary sitar maestro Ustad Vilayat Khan passed away in March 2004, I took a chance ... “Vilayat Khan was one of the greatest musicians of our generation ... ....
Manfred hopeful of regular-season games in London in 2018
Edit The Oklahoman 06 Oct 2016
NEW YORK (AP) — Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred remains hopeful the sport can play regular-season games in London for the first time in 2018 ... Manfred met last month with London Mayor Sadiq Khan ... "I think it's an important thing for us to do ... ....
HC rejects plea seeking stay on release of film
Edit The Hindu 06 Oct 2016
The Delhi High Court on Wednesday refused to entertain a petition seeking a stay on the release of the Soha Ali Khan and Vir Das-starrer 31st October , a film that revolves around the incidents following the assassination of the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. A Bench headed by Chief Justice G ... Mr ... Secular fabric ... ....
Windies in crisis after second whitewash
Edit Jamaica Observer 06 Oct 2016
Opting to bat first, Pakistan benefitted from an 85-run, opening stand between Sharjeel Khan and Azhar, who finally found the form he craved to lash his third ODI hundred ... In reply, West Indies at no stage looked the part ... The left-handed Lewis struck four fours in 22 from 30 balls and by the time he was bowled by seamer Sohail Khan in the 10th over, the required run rate had risen to six-and-a-half per over ... ....
‘I’m still a budding cinematographer’
Edit The Hindu 06 Oct 2016
Cinematographer P. C. Sreeram isn’t at ease doing interviews. He says he isn’t great at verbalising ideas. “Perhaps, that’s why some reporters find me boring.”. He isn’t great at the diplomatic stuff too ... That’s why he’s astonished that an Amitabh Bachchan can sometimes do 40 interviews a day ... Focused on art ... He says, “Like Shah Rukh Khan and Salman Khan, Siva is an entertainer ... ....
Draw jolt to most of Nagpur ZP members
Edit The Times of India 06 Oct 2016
Nagpur. Around 80% of sitting zilla parishad members have received a setback in the draw of lots for caste and women reservation conducted on Wednesday. ZP president Nisha Sawarkar, member from Dhanla-Chirwa, was fortunate as her area was reserved as general category. However, Sawarkar is likely to pave way for her husband Tekchand, sources said ... BJP had 22, Sena had 8 ... HEAD ... Seats. 58 ... Besa, Bellona, Khan-Nimkheda, Sonegaon-Nipani, Isasani....
Hema Malini makes it loud and clear that she will not support Pakistani artistes
Edit Bollywood Life 05 Oct 2016
ALSO READ – Raees’ Mahira Khan REACTS on ban of Pakistani artistes in India! ... This has put a cloud of doubt over Ae Dil Hai Mushkil and Raees as they star Fawad Khan and Mahira Khan respectively ... Fawad Khan in a New LUX Commercial 2016. Fawad Khan back with Mahira Khan in a New LUX Commercial 2016 and he looks dashing here ... Mahira Khan’s beautiful still from New LUX Commercial 2016. Mahira Khan looks like an ethereal beauty....
Can you spot Salman Khan in this family picture?
Edit Bollywood Life 05 Oct 2016
Salman Khan‘s pictures make for a great watch because the actor gives a range of emotions ... Arbaaz Khan only recently shared a throwback family picture of all the kids and initially, we couldn’t locate Salman in it ... Salman Khan wants to know what do you think of his latest photoshoot – Hot or not?) ... There is one kid wearing a red T-shirt looking extremely bored in this picture and that is Salman Khan....
Wankhede stadium brawl: Police closes inquiry against Shah Rukh Khan
Edit The Times of India 05 Oct 2016
Police to close an inquiry against actor Shah Rukh Khan for using abusive language in presence of children causing them mental suffering during Wankhede stadium brawl in 2012 and they have submitted the closure report in a court last month. The police relied upon Khan's statement where he said that it was not his voice ---use of abusive language during the brawl---that was played on internet and TV channels....
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