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Art Ingels (sometimes misspelled as Ingles) is known as 'the father of karting'.

In 1956, while he was a race car builder at Kurtis Kraft, a famous builder of Indy race cars during the 1950s, he assembled the first Go-Kart in history out of scrap metal and a surplus West Bend Company two-stroke cycle engine. It was built in his two-car garage in Echo Park, and tested in the Rose Bowl parking lot, where it gained hundreds of enthusiasts.

See also [link]

• List of people known as "father" or "mother" of something

External links[link]

• Art Ingels at The Vintage Karts Website
• Ingels Kart at The Vintage Karts Website
• Commentary on Art Ingels Kart at Rear Engine Karts Website

This biographical article related to United States auto racing is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Lee Elias (May 21, 1920 – April 8, 1998) was a British-American comics artist. He was best known for his work on the Black Cat comic book published by Harvey Comics in the 1940s.

Biography[link]

Emigrating to the United States from Manchester, England, when he was a boy, Elias studied art at the Cooper Union and the Art Students League. He started working in comics in 1943 at Fiction House, where his work included features like Captain Wings in Wing Comics, on which he succeeded Bob Lubbers, as well as the Western hero Firehair.

After leaving Fiction House in 1946, he worked for several different comics companies, including Timely Comics, Hillman and National/DC (where he worked on such characters as the Flash, Tommy Tomorrow^[1] and Black Canary).

[edit] Black Cat

It was Elias's work on Black Cat, a stuntwoman turned crimefighter, for Harvey, that stood out in this period. The series was praised by comics historian Trina Robbins for its "logical" and "straightforward" approach,^[2] in contrast to more fantasy-oriented titles like Wonder Woman. Elias worked both as a penciler and an inker in this series, with an art style largely influenced by artists like Milton Caniff and Noel Sickles. (Elias worked for a period as Caniff's assistant.)^[3] He used the same style for the comic book version of Terry and the Pirates, Caniff's classic comic strip in the same period. Lee Elias left comic books after the 1954 publication of Fredric Wertham's anti-comics book Seduction of the Innocent, which used four of his Black Cat panels as examples of "depraved" comic art.

[edit] Beyond Mars

Elias' work on comic strips included a two-year stint as an assistant to Al Capp on Li'l Abner. His best known comic strip was Beyond Mars, which ran from 1952 to 1955 and was co-created by Elias and science fiction writer Jack Williamson. The strip was exclusive to the New York Daily News' Sunday paper in the United States but was syndicated in Europe and Australia. It was the last Sunday strip to be color-engraved by hand, according to comic strip historian Rick Marschall.

Elias and writer Bob Haney co-created the supervillain Eclipso in House of Secrets #61 (August 1963).^[4][5] From the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, Elias returned to his native England.^[1] In 1972, Elias came back to American comic books, working mainly for DC Comics on features such as Green Arrow, Cave Carson, and Adam Strange. After 1972 Elias mainly worked on DC's various horror titles, and also secondary Marvel Comics books like Power Man and The Human Fly. His last big project was The Rook series for Warren Publishing, a black-and-white time travel series which played to his strengths as a Western and science fiction artist.

With the cancellation of The Rook in 1982, Elias retired from comics, though he continued teaching at institutions like the School of Visual Arts and the Joe Kubert School.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Lee Elias at the Comic Book DB
• Lee Elias, Lambiek Comiclopedia
• Lee Elias obituary, The Comics Journal #204 (May 1998)

Dwight Graydon "Gray" Morrow^[1] (March 7, 1934 - November 6, 2001)^[2] was an American illustrator of comics and paperback books. He is co-creator of the Marvel Comics muck-monster Man-Thing and of DC Comics Old West vigilante El Diablo.

Biography[link]

Early life and career[link]

Gray Morrow was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana,^[3] where he attended North Side High School.^[4] He recalled in 1973 that, "Comic art was certainly the first artform I remember being impressed with ... [T]hose gorgeous gory newsstand spreads...."^[4] After serving as editor of his high-school yearbook, for which he did cartoons and illustration,^[5] and working a number of odd jobs including "soda jerk, street repairman, tie designer, exercise boy on the race track circuit, etc.," he enrolled in the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts in Chicago, Illinois, in late summer 1954, studying two nights a week for three months under Jerry Warshaw for "the total of my entire formal art training."^[4] His first formal commission "was something like a bank ad or a tie design when I was still in my teens."^[6] He joined the city's Feldkamp-Malloy art studio, later being fired. Feeling encouraged by a meeting with comic-strip artist Allen Saunders, Morrow submitted strip samples to various syndicates with no luck.^[4]

Undaunted, he moved to New York City in winter 1955 and by the following spring had met fellow young comics artists Al Williamson, Angelo Torres, and Wally Wood. He sold his first comic-book story, a romance tale, to Toby Press, which went out of business before it could be published. Morrow next did two stories for another company — a Western with original characters and an adaptation of pulp-fiction writer Robert E. Howard's "The Tower of the Elephant", but this company, too, went defunct. He then worked for Williamson and Wood^[4] doing backgrounds and layouts, and through Williamson began contributing to Atlas Comics, the 1950s iteration of Marvel Comics,^[7] drawing several supernatural-fantasy stories plus at least four Westerns and one war story on titles cover-dated July 1956 to June 1957.^[8]

In late 1956, Morrow was drafted^[7] into the U.S. Army.^[9] Stationed at Incheon and Wolmido Island, South Korea, with Fox Company, he did "illustrations and paintings for the officers' club, day rooms, insignias on helmets for their parades ... you know, anything and everything. That was my official duty."^[7] After being discharged in 1958, "My friend Angelo Torres took me around to a couple of his clients, one being 'Classics' [i.e., the Gilberton Company, publisher of the Classics Illustrated comic-book series of literary adaptations], and I was given a script. One thing led to another and I was soon working on a regular basis.^[9]

Prior to his Gilberton stint, Morrow contributed to one of the first black-and-white horror-comics magazines, the Joe Simon-edited Eerie Tales #1 (Nov. 1959) from Hastings Associates, penciling and inking two four-page stories by an unknown writer, "The Stalker" and "Burn!"^[8]

1960s to 1970s[link]

In the early 1960s, Morrow anonymously^[3] illustrated three literary adaptations for Classics Illustrated: The Octopus by Frank Norris (#159, Nov. 1960); Master of the World by Jules Verne (#163, July 1961); and The Queen's Necklace by Alexandre Dumas (#165, Jan. 1962),^[10] which he said he penciled and inked at the rate of "eight pages a day ... as fast as I've ever been able to go" since "I'd moved to California and needed those checks badly."^[11] Morrow also supplied drawings for chapters in Classics Illustrated Special Issue #159A, Rockets, Jets and Missiles (Dec. 1960), and in 13 World Around Us issues ranging from Prehistoric Animals (Nov. 1959) to Famous Teens (May 1961).^[12] One of those, #W28, Whaling (Dec. 1960), resulted in unexpected controversy when he accurately depicted African-American whalers:

[T]he page rate [at Gilberton in general] wasn't much for the accuracy and authenticity they expected, but it was a challenge to 'do it right.' Roberta and Len Cole were demanding but genial editors. One job I do remember ... something about whaling, got me in dutch [e.g. trouble] with Roberta. My research indicated that many of the whalers were black — so that's what I drew. She had a fit and insisted they all be redrawn to 'avoid controversy.'^[9]

In the end, the problematic chapter, "The Long Voyage", retained what one comics historian called "a respectable number of African-American whalemen."^[9] Morrow, however, recalled, "[T]hey had me make them all white. I had to change their features."^[7]

Concurrently, Morrow also illustrated entries in the Bobbs-Merrill juvenile book series "Childhood of Famous Americans", continuing with that publisher after Gilberton ceased production of new titles. Morrow's art appears in Henry Clay: Young Kentucky Orator (1963), Douglas MacArthur: Young Protector and other entries.^[11] Some, including Crispus Attucks, Black Leader of Colonial Patriots,^[13] Teddy Roosevelt, Young Rough Rider,^[14] and [[Abner Doubleday: Young Baseball Pioneer,^[15] were reprinted by successor publishers in the 1980s and 1990s.

Morrow next began a three-year association with Warren Publishing's line of black-and-white horror-comics magazines in 1964, starting with the six-page story "Bewitched!," written by Larry Ivie, in Creepy #1, and contributed over a dozen stories to that magazine and its sister publication Eerie, as well as to the war-comics magazine Blazing Combat, through 1967. He also painted four horror covers for Warren. For competitor Skywald Publications, he drew the eight-page "The Skin And Bones Syndrome" for Psycho #1 (Jan. 1971), and co-created the muck-monster Man-Thing, with writers Roy Thomas and Gerry Conway, in Marvel Comics' first entry into the adult-oriented comics-magazine market, the black-and-white Savage Tales #1 (May 1971).^[8]

Gray Morrow by Michael Netzer

By 1970, Morrow was married to Betty Morrow, who wrote a story he drew, "The Journey", in the early independent comics title witzend #7 (1970).^[16] That same year he returned to color comics, drawing several supernatural-fantasy stories for DC Comics' Witching Hour, House of Secrets and House of Mystery, as well as a smattering of romance and superhero tales.^[8] He also drew Western stories, and with writer Robert Kanigher co-created the Old West vigilante El Diablo in All-Star Western #2 (Oct. 1970).^[17] He did a small amount of work for Marvel during this time, with the cover and a romance story for My Love #14 (Nov. 1971), a Man-Thing cover and story in Adventure into Fear #10 (Oct. 1972), two "Gullivar Jones, Warrior of Mars" stories in Creatures on the Loose #20-21 (Nov. 1972 - Jan. 1973), and virtually his only Marvel superhero story, a 10-page Falcon feature in Captain America #144 (Dec. 1971).^[8]

By 1973, when he was living in Brooklyn,^[7] and had a family that included adopted children,^[18] Morrow had served as an uncredited ghost artist^[6] or art assistant^[3] on the syndicated comic strips Rip Kirby by John Prentice, Secret Agent X-9 by Al Williamson and Big Ben Bolt by John Cullen Murphy. He took over the Buck Rogers strip in 1979 and the Tarzan Sunday strip from 1983 to 2001.^[3] He recalled trying out for Prince Valiant, saying he provided a sample "when [strip creator] Hal Foster decided to go into semi-retirement. It was done in August and published in October or November of '71. It was done as a sample when Foster interviewed [me] and a couple of others (Wally Wood and John Cullen Murphy) to take over.^[19]

Through 1974 and early 1975, he edited and frequently drew stories for Archie Comics' imprint of non-teen-humor titles, Red Circle Comics, including Chilling Adventures in Sorcery, its successor Red Circle Sorcery, and the single-issue The Super Cops, based on two real-life New York City Police Department detectives.^[8] Following this, he specialized in covers and stories for such black-and-white Marvel magazines as Masters of Terror, Unknown Worlds of Science Fiction and Marvel Preview. Afterward, through 1976, he was art director of Charlton Comics black-and-white magazine Space: 1999, based on the TV series of that name.^[8] Active in the early independent comics of the 1970s, Morrow contributed mostly spot illustrations, covers and pinups rather than stories to titles including publisher David Jablin's Imagination #1 (1971); Mark Feldman's I'll Be Damned #4 (1971); John Carbonaro's Phase #1 (Sept. 1971); Doug Murray & Richard Garrison Heritage #1A and 1B (1972); Gary Berman & Adam Malin's Infinity #2, 3B, 4-5 (1970?-1973).^[20]

In 1978, he began publishing, in Heavy Metal magazine, a series of stories that would be collected in 2012 as chapters of the sword and sorcery graphic novel Orion.^[21][22][23] Likewise, his Playboy feature "Amora", which he both wrote and drew,^[1] was collected as Heritage presents ... Amora, from the Forest Park, Georgia publisher Heritage in 1971.^[24] He illustrated and colored each of the several Roger Zelazny stories that the author self-adapted for the 96-page graphic short-story collection The Illustrated Roger Zelazny, produced by Byron Preiss Enterprizes and published by Baronet Publishing in February 1979.^[8]

In addition to comics, Morrow in the 1960s and 1970s was an illustrator for many science-fiction magazines, with examples of his work gracing most of the covers of the American version of the Perry Rhodan paperback-book series.^[6] He also did the illustrations for the original Galaxy Science Fiction publication of the Hugo-winning novella Soldier, Ask Not by Gordon R. Dickson.^{[citation needed]} Additionally, he drew for satirical-humor magazine National Lampoon^[6]

Later career[link]

In the 1980s, he wrote and drew Pacific Comics' three-issue Edge of Chaos (July 1983 - Jan. 1984), a science-fiction retelling of the story of the Greek gods. Through the decade he did sporadic but diverse work for Marvel and DC, ranging from stories of Lois Lane to those of Mark Hazzard: Merc, as well as horror and science-fiction stories for Eclipse Comics; satirical humor for Cracked; "The Sex Vampires from Outer Space"and other stories for the same publisher's black-and-white comics magazine Monsters Attack; and Marvel Graphic Novel: Dreamwalker (1989), a 63-page superhero/espionage thriller written by actors Miguel Ferrer and Bill Mumy.^[8]

The following decade, continuing his trend of wide-ranging work, he drew the superhero feature "Powerline", by writers D.G. Chichester and Margaret Clark, in several issues of the Marvel/Epic Comics anthology A Shadowline Saga: Critical Mass; inked Michael Davies Lawrence on writer Mike Grell's DC Comics miniseries Shado: Song of the Dragon #1-4; contributed to DC's "The Big Book of..." trade paperback line of non-fiction vignettes on a variety of topics; the Historical Souvenir Co.'s 40-page, historical non-fiction Epic Battles of the Civil War #2 - Shiloh (1998); drew children's Mighty Morphin Power Rangers adventurers for Hamilton Comics and adult-oriented stories for Penthouse Comix; and did work for such independent comics publishers as Aardwolf Publishing, Dark Horse Comics and NBM, and the underground comix publisher Rip Off Press. His last new work was his posthumously published contribution, with four other artists, to the 10-page story "Letters From a Broken Apple", written by Neil Kleid, in Alternative Comics' benefit one-shot 9-11 Emergency Relief (Jan. 2002).^[8]

Other work[link]

He worked in television animation, including on a Spider-Man TV series,^[6] and was a member of The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839.^[25]

He painted or drew the theatrical one-sheet for the Al Adamson horror film Five Bloody Graves (1970), and drew the King Kong cover of the premiere issue of The Monster Times.^[26]

Death[link]

Morrow was living in Kunkletown, Pennsylvania, and suffering from Parkinson's Disease^[22] when he died November 6, 2001,^[2] apparently from a gunshot wound.^[3] He was survived by his later wife, Pocho Morrow.^[22]

Awards[link]

Morrow was nominated for the Hugo Award for best professional artist in 1966, 1967, and 1968.^{[citation needed]} In 2005, Morrow was posthumously inducted into the Oklahoma Cartoonists Associates Hall of Fame in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma, located in the Toy and Action Figure Museum.^[27][28]

Bibliography[link]

• Morrow, Gray; Seuling, Phil (1970). Dark Domain. Kew Gardens, New York: Screen Facts Press. ^[29]
• Morrow, Gray (1994). Babes & Bimbos: The Unseen Art of Gray Morrow. Morristown, New Jersey: C.T. Ltd. Editions. ^[30]

References [link]

External links [link]

• Evanier, Mark (November 8, 2001). "A FINE comic book/strip artist named Gray Morrow died on 11/6...". P.O.V. Online. http://www.povonline.com/2001/News110801.htm.  (Requires scrolldown.)
• Gravity, Brian (September 7, 2011). "Archie's Foray Into the Horror Genre". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on March 25, 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/66RTMIJ0y. Retrieved March 25, 2011. 

Further reading[link]

• Wheatley, Mark (2001). Gray Morrow: Visionary. Insight Studios Group. ISBN 978-1889317120. 

Bjarke Ingels
Bjarke Ingels in 2008
Born	(1974-10-02) 2 October 1974 (age 37) Copenhagen, Denmark
Nationality	Danish
Alma mater	Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture
Work
Practice	Bjarke Ingels Group
Buildings	Mountain Dwellings

Bjarke Ingels (born 2 October 1974) is a Danish architect. He heads the architectural practice Bjarke Ingels Group which he founded in 2006. In 2009 he co-founded the design consultancy KiBiSi. In his designs, Bjarke Ingels often tries to achieve a balance between playful and practical approaches to architecture.

Early career[link]

Bjarke Ingels studied architecture at the Royal Academy in Copenhagen and the Technica Superior de Arquitectura in Barcelona, receiving his diploma in 1999. As a third year student he set up his first practice and won his first competition.^[1] From 1998-2001 he worked for Office of Metropolitan Architecture and Rem Koolhaas in Rotterdam.

VM housing in Ørestad, Denmark

In 2001, Bjarke Ingels returned to Copenhagen to set up the architectural practice PLOT together with Belgian OMA colleague Julien de Smedt. The company rapidly achieved success, receiving significant national and international attention for their inventive designs. They were awarded a Golden Lion at the Venice Biennale of Architecture in 2004 for a proposal for a new music house for Stavanger, Norway. Their first major achievement was the award-winning VM Houses in Ørestad, Copenhagen, in 2005. Despite its success, PLOT was disbanded in January 2006 and Bjarke Ingels created Bjarke Ingels Group, BIG, while his former partner founded JDS / Julien De Smedt Architects.^[2]

Bjarke Ingels Group[link]

With BIG, Bjarke Ingels has continued the ideology from PLOT and has several major projects under construction or development both in Denmark and abroad. These include 8 House in Ørestad and the new Danish national Maritime museum in Elsinore, hotel projects in Norway, a highrise designed in the shape of the Chinese character for 'people' for Shanghai, a masterplan for the redevelopment of a former naval base and oil industry wasteland into a zero-emission resort and entertainment city off the coast of Baku, Azerbaijan,^[3] shaped as the seven mountains of the country, and a museum overlooking Mexico City.

Under the BIG Banner Bjarke recently published "Yes is more - an archcomic on architectural evolution".

On 24 July 2009, he spoke at the prestigious TED event in Oxford, UK.^[4]

He presented the case study “Hedonistic sustainability” in the workshop Manage complexity - With integral solutions to an economy of means at the 3rd International Holcim Forum 2010 in Mexico City and shall be a member of the Holcim Awards regional jury for Europe in 2011.^[5]

Design philosophy[link]

Explaining his design ideas, Bjarke Ingels states:

Academia[link]

Alongside his architectural practice, Bjarke has been active as a Visiting Professor at the Rice University School of Architecture, the Harvard Graduate School of Design,^[7] the Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture,^[8] and the Yale School of Architecture.

Selected projects[link]

VM Houses

Mountain Dwellings

8 House

• Islands Brygge Harbour Bath, 2,500 m2 (completed 2003)
• Maritime Youth House, Amager, Denmark (completed 2004)
• VM Houses, Ørestad, Denmark (completed 2005)
• Helsingør Psychiatric Hospital, Elsinore, Denmark (completed 2005)
• Sjakket, Copenhagen (completed 2007)
• People's Building, Shanghai, China
• Mountain Dwellings, Ørestad, Copenhagen (completed 2008)
• National Maritime Museum, Elsinore, Denmark (u/c, completion 2011/12)
• 8 House, Ørestad, Copenhagen (2010)^[9]
• Danish pavilion, EXPO 2010, Shanghai, China
• Superkilen, Copenhagen, DK (competition win 2008, completion 2011)
• Zira Island masterplan, Baku, Azerbaijan
• The Battery, Copenhagen
• New Tamayo Museum, Mexico City (competition win, April 2009)
• Kaufhauskanal, Hamburg, Germany (competition win, April 2009)^[10]
• New Tallinn City Hall, Tallinn, Estonia (competition win, June 2009)^[11]
• Astana National Library, Astana, Kazakhstan (competition win, August 2009)^[12]
• Shenzhen International Energy Mansion, Shenzhen, China (competition win, September 2009)^[13]
• World Village of Women Sports, Malmö, Sweden (competition win, November 2009).^[14]
• Faroe Islands Education Centre, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (competition win, December 2009)^[15]
• Amagerforbrænding, Copenhagen, Denmark (competition win 2011)^[16]

Awards[link]

• 2001 and 2003 Henning Larsen Prize
• 2002 Nykredits Architecture Prize
• 2003 Scanorama Design Award
• 2004 ar+d award for the Maritime Youth House
• 2004 Golden Lion, Venice Biennale (for Stavanger Concert Hall)
• 2006 Forum AID Award, Best Building in Scandinavia in 2006 (for VM Houses)
• 2007 Mies van der Rohe Award Traveling Exhibition – VM Houses
• 2007 Contract World Award for Best Interior (for Sjakket Headquarters)
• 2008 Forum AID Award for Best Building in Scandinavia in 2008 (for Mountain Dwellings)
• 2008 World Architecture Festival Award for Best Residential Building (for Mountain Dwellings)
• 2009 ULI Award for Excellence (for Mountain Dwellings)^[17]
• 2009 MIPIM Award for best residential development (for Mountain Dwellings)^[18]
• 2010 European Prize for Architecture^[19]
• 2011 Danish Crown Prince Couple's Culture Prize

Exhibitions[link]

• 2007 BIG City, Storefront for Art and Architecture, New York^[20]
• 2009 Yes is More, Danish Architecture Centre, Copenhagen^[21][22]
• 2010 Yes is More, CAPC Bordeaux
• 2010 Yes is More, WECHSELRAUM, Stuttgart

Bibliography[link]

• Bjarke Ingels, 'Yes is More: An Archicomic on Architectural Evolution’, Copenhagen 2009, ISBN – 9788799298808^[23]

See also[link]

• Architecture of Denmark

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bjarke Ingels Group

• Official web site
• Bjarke Ingels design consultancy KiBiSi.com
• TED Talk, Bjarke Ingels at TED
• Television interview
• BIG Projects
• webcast at DAC (in Danish)
• Bjarke interviewed for Studio Banana
• 'Yes is More' Talk at the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), London 2010(video)
• Interview with Bjarke Ingels Archi-Ninja.com