coordinates display | inline,title |
---|---|
coordinates region | UA |
subdivision type | Country |
subdivision name | |
subdivision type1 | Territory |
subdivision name1 | Crimea |
timezone | EET |
utc offset | +2 |
timezone dst | EEST |
utc offset dst | +3 |
official name | Feodosiya |
native name | ФеодосіяKefeФеодосия |
image shield | Feodos Soviet.gif |
subdivision type2 | Region |
subdivision name2 | Feodosiya municipality| |
pushpin map | Crimea |
pushpin label position | |
pushpin map caption | Location of Feodosiya within Crimea, Ukraine |
pushpin label position1 | |
pushpin map caption1 | Location of Feodosiya |
elevation m | 50 |
population total | 97721|population_footnotes |
year| | 2001 |
|postal code type | Postal code| postal_code 98100 — 98175 |
|area code | +380-6562 |
blank1 info | Kefe (until 1784), Caffa (until 15th cent.) |
blank1 name | Former names| |
website | }} |
Feodosiya (, , ; sometimes spelled as Theodosia) is a port and resort city in Crimea, Ukraine, on the Black Sea coast. During much of its history the town was known as Caffa (Ligurian:Cafà) or Kaffa (Crimean Tatar: Kefe).
The city was founded as Theodosia (Θεοδοσία) by Greek colonists from Miletos in the 6th century BC. Noted for its rich agricultural lands, on which its trade depended, it was destroyed by the Huns in the 4th century AD.
Theodosia remained a minor village for much of the next nine hundred years. It was at times part of the sphere of influence of the Khazars (excavations have revealed Khazar artifacts dating back to the ninth century) and of the Byzantine Empire.
Like the rest of Crimea, it fell under the domination of the Kipchaks and was conquered by the Mongols in the 1230s.
===Caffa=== Between 1204–1261 and again in 1296–1307, the city of Caffa was ruled by Genoa's chief rival, the Republic of Venice. In the late 13th century, traders from the Republic of Genoa arrived and purchased the town from the ruling Golden Horde. They established a flourishing trading settlement called Caffa (or Kaffa), which virtually monopolised trade in the Black Sea area and served as the chief port and administrative centre for the Genoese settlements around the Sea. It came to house one of Europe's biggest slave markets. Under Genoa since 1266, Caffa was governed by a Genoese consul, who since 1316 was in charge of all Genoese Black Sea colonies.
It is believed that the devastating pandemic the Black Death entered Europe for the first time via Caffa in 1347, through the movements of the Golden Horde. After a protracted siege during which the Mongol army under Janibeg was reportedly withering from the disease, they catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls, infecting the inhabitants, in one of the first cases of biological warfare. Fleeing inhabitants may have carried the disease back to Italy, causing its spread across Europe. However, the plague appears to have spread in a stepwise fashion, taking over a year to reach Europe from Crimea. Also, there were a number of Crimean ports under Mongol control, so it is unlikely that Caffa was the only source of plague-infested ships heading to Europe. In addition, there were overland caravan routes from the East that would have been carrying the disease into Europe as well.
Caffa recovered. The thriving, culturally diverse city and its thronged slave market were described by the Spanish traveller Pedro Tafur, who was there in the 1430s. At that time the majority of the population was Armenian, and the city was more populous than Constantinople.
In 1615 Zaporozhian Cossacks under the leadership of Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny destroyed the Turkish fleet and captured Caffa. Having conquered the city, the cossacks released the men, women and children who were slaves.
The city was captured twice by the forces of Nazi Germany during World War II, sustaining significant damage in the process. The Jewish population numbering 3,248 before the German occupation was murdered by SD-Einsatzgruppe D between November 16 and December 15, 1941.
In 1954, it was transferred to the administrative control of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic with the rest of Crimea.
While most beaches in Crimea are made of pebbles, there is a unique Golden Beach (Zolotoy Plyazh) made of small seashells in Feodosiya area. Golden Beach stretches for 15 km.
The city is sparsely populated during the winter months. Most cafes and restaurants are closed. Business and tourism increase in mid-June and peak during July and August. Like in the other resort towns in Crimea, the tourists come mostly from the C.I.S. countries of the former Soviet Union. Feodosiya was the city where the seascape painter Ivan Aivazovsky lived and worked all his life, and where general Pyotr Kotlyarevsky and the writer Alexander Grin spent their declining years. Popular tourist locations include the Ivan Ayvazovsky Picture Gallery and the Genoese fortress.
Category:Populated places established in the 6th century BC Category:Cities in Ukraine Category:Cities and towns in Crimea Category:Bosporan Kingdom Category:Khazar towns Category:Milesian colonies in Crimea Category:Greek colonies in Crimea Category:Ancient Greek cities Category:Seaside resorts in Ukraine Category:Former populated places in Eastern Europe Category:Territories of the Republic of Venice Category:Territories of the Republic of Genoa
ar:فيودوسيا be:Горад Феадосія bg:Феодосия ca:Feodòssia cs:Feodosija de:Feodossija es:Teodosia eo:Teodozio fr:Théodosie ko:페오도시야 hsb:Feodosija os:Феодоси it:Teodosia lv:Feodosija lij:Caffa nl:Feodosija ja:フェオドシヤ no:Feodosija nn:Feodosija pl:Teodozja (miasto) pt:Teodósia crh:Kefe ro:Feodosia ru:Феодосия sk:Feodosija fi:Feodosija sv:Feodosija tr:Feodosya uk:Феодосія zh:费奥多西亚
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